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Emvalomenos GM, Kang JWM, Jupp B, Mychasiuk R, Keay KA, Henderson LA. Recent developments and challenges in positron emission tomography imaging of gliosis in chronic neuropathic pain. Pain 2024; 165:2184-2199. [PMID: 38713812 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Understanding the mechanisms that underpin the transition from acute to chronic pain is critical for the development of more effective and targeted treatments. There is growing interest in the contribution of glial cells to this process, with cross-sectional preclinical studies demonstrating specific changes in these cell types capturing targeted timepoints from the acute phase and the chronic phase. In vivo longitudinal assessment of the development and evolution of these changes in experimental animals and humans has presented a significant challenge. Recent technological advances in preclinical and clinical positron emission tomography, including the development of specific radiotracers for gliosis, offer great promise for the field. These advances now permit tracking of glial changes over time and provide the ability to relate these changes to pain-relevant symptomology, comorbid psychiatric conditions, and treatment outcomes at both a group and an individual level. In this article, we summarize evidence for gliosis in the transition from acute to chronic pain and provide an overview of the specific radiotracers available to measure this process, highlighting their potential, particularly when combined with ex vivo / in vitro techniques, to understand the pathophysiology of chronic neuropathic pain. These complementary investigations can be used to bridge the existing gap in the field concerning the contribution of gliosis to neuropathic pain and identify potential targets for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaelle M Emvalomenos
- School of Medical Sciences [Neuroscience], and the Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - James W M Kang
- School of Medical Sciences [Neuroscience], and the Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bianca Jupp
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kevin A Keay
- School of Medical Sciences [Neuroscience], and the Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Luke A Henderson
- School of Medical Sciences [Neuroscience], and the Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Feng H, Tu N, Wang K, Ma X, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Cheng Z, Bu L. Neuromelanin-targeted 18 F-P3BZA PET/MR imaging of the substantia nigra in rhesus macaques. EJNMMI Res 2024; 14:79. [PMID: 39225971 PMCID: PMC11372002 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-024-01136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuromelanin is mostly located in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta, and can be detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It is a promising imaging-base biomarker for neurological diseases. We previously developed a melanin-specific probe N-(2-(diethylamino)-ethyl)-18F-5-fluoropicolinamide (18F-P3BZA), which was initially developed for the imaging of melanoma. 18F-P3BZA exhibited high levels of binding to the melanin in vitro and in vivo with high retention and favorable pharmacokinetics. In this study we further investigated whether 18F-P3BZA could be used to quantitatively detect neuromelanin in the SN in healthy rhesus macaques. RESULTS 18F-P3BZA exhibited desired hydrophobicity with estimated log Know 5.08 and log D7.4 1.68. 18F-P3BZA readily crossed the blood-brain barrier with brain transport coefficients (Kin) of 40 ± 8 µL g-1s-1. 18F-P3BZA accumulated specifically in neuromelanotic PC12 cells, melanin-rich melanoma cells, and melanoma xenografts. Binding of 18F-P3BZA to B16F10 cells was much higher than to SKOV3 cells at 60 min (6.17 ± 0.53%IA and 0.24 ± 0.05%IA, respectively). In the biodistribution study, 18F-P3BZA had higher accumulation in B16F10 tumors (6.31 ± 0.99%IA/g) than in SKOV3 tumors (0.25 ± 0.09%IA/g). Meanwhile, 18F-P3BZA uptake in B16F10 tumors could be blocked by excess cold 19F-P3BZA (0.81 ± 0.02%IA/g, 88% inhibition, p < 0.05). PET/MRI 18F-P3BZA provided clear visualization of neuromelanin-rich SN at 30-60 min after injection in healthy macaques. The SN to cerebella ratios were 2.7 and 2.4 times higher at 30 and 60 min after injection. In in vitro autoradiography studies 18F-P3BZA exhibited high levels of binding to the SN, and almost no binding to surrounding midbrain tissues. CONCLUSION 18F-P3BZA PET/MRI clearly images neuromelanin in the SN, and may assist in the early diagnosis of neurological diseases associated with abnormal neuromelanin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Feng
- PET-CT/MRI Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 95Zhangzhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Ning Tu
- PET-CT/MRI Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 95Zhangzhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Wang
- PET-CT/MRI Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 95Zhangzhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lihong Bu
- PET-CT/MRI Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 95Zhangzhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
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Marin-Valencia I, Kocabas A, Rodriguez-Navas C, Miloushev VZ, González-Rodríguez M, Lees H, Henry KE, Vaynshteyn J, Longo V, Deh K, Eskandari R, Mamakhanyan A, Berishaj M, Keshari KR. Imaging brain glucose metabolism in vivo reveals propionate as a major anaplerotic substrate in pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1394-1410.e12. [PMID: 38838644 PMCID: PMC11187753 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
A vexing problem in mitochondrial medicine is our limited capacity to evaluate the extent of brain disease in vivo. This limitation has hindered our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the imaging phenotype in the brain of patients with mitochondrial diseases and our capacity to identify new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Using comprehensive imaging, we analyzed the metabolic network that drives the brain structural and metabolic features of a mouse model of pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency (PDHD). As the disease progressed in this animal, in vivo brain glucose uptake and glycolysis increased. Propionate served as a major anaplerotic substrate, predominantly metabolized by glial cells. A combination of propionate and a ketogenic diet extended lifespan, improved neuropathology, and ameliorated motor deficits in these animals. Together, intermediary metabolism is quite distinct in the PDHD brain-it plays a key role in the imaging phenotype, and it may uncover new treatments for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Marin-Valencia
- The Abimael Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Arif Kocabas
- The Abimael Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlos Rodriguez-Navas
- The Abimael Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Manuel González-Rodríguez
- The Abimael Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hannah Lees
- Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kelly E Henry
- Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jake Vaynshteyn
- The Abimael Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valerie Longo
- Small Animal Imaging Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kofi Deh
- Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roozbeh Eskandari
- Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Arsen Mamakhanyan
- Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marjan Berishaj
- Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kayvan R Keshari
- Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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4
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Marešová A, Jurášek M, Drašar PB, Dolenský B, Prokudina EA, Shalgunov V, Herth MM, Cumming P, Popkov A. A facile synthesis of precursor for the σ-1 receptor PET radioligand [ 18 F]FTC-146 and its radiofluorination. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2024; 67:59-66. [PMID: 38171540 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The σ-1 receptor is a non-opioid transmembrane protein involved in various human pathologies including neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, and cancer. The previously published ligand [18 F]FTC-146 is among the most promising tools for σ-1 molecular imaging by positron emission tomography (PET), with a potential for application in clinical diagnostics and research. However, the published six- or four-step synthesis of the tosyl ester precursor for its radiosynthesis is complicated and time-consuming. Herein, we present a simple one-step precursor synthesis followed by a one-step fluorine-18 labeling procedure that streamlines the preparation of [18 F]FTC-146. Instead of a tosyl-based precursor, we developed a one-step synthesis of the precursor analog AM-16 containing a chloride leaving group for the SN 2 reaction with 18 F-fluoride. 18 F-fluorination of AM-16 led to a moderate decay-corrected radiochemical yield (RCY = 7.5%) with molar activity (Am ) of 45.9 GBq/μmol. Further optimization of this procedure should enable routine radiopharmaceutical production of this promising PET tracer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marešová
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Jurášek
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel B Drašar
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Bohumil Dolenský
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Elena A Prokudina
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- PET and Cyclotron Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul Cumming
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Kevin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alexander Popkov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
- Samo Biomedical Centre, Pardubice, Czech Republic
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5
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van der Heijden RA, Biswal S. Up-and-coming Radiotracers for Imaging Pain Generators. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2023; 27:661-675. [PMID: 37935213 PMCID: PMC10629993 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1775745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Chronic musculoskeletal pain is among the most highly prevalent diseases worldwide. Managing patients with chronic pain remains very challenging because current imaging techniques focus on morphological causes of pain that can be inaccurate and misleading. Moving away from anatomical constructs of disease, molecular imaging has emerged as a method to identify diseases according to their molecular, physiologic, or cellular signatures that can be applied to the variety of biomolecular changes that occur in nociception and pain processing and therefore have tremendous potential for precisely pinpointing the source of a patient's pain. Several molecular imaging approaches to image the painful process are now available, including imaging of voltage-gated sodium channels, calcium channels, hypermetabolic processes, the substance P receptor, the sigma-1 receptor, and imaging of macrophage trafficking. This article provides an overview of promising molecular imaging approaches for the imaging of musculoskeletal pain with a focus on preclinical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne A. van der Heijden
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandip Biswal
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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Knowles LG, Armanious AJ, Peng Y, Welsh WJ, James MH. Recent advances in drug discovery efforts targeting the sigma 1 receptor system: Implications for novel medications designed to reduce excessive drug and food seeking. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 8:100126. [PMID: 37753198 PMCID: PMC10519676 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders characterized by uncontrolled reward seeking, such as substance use disorders (SUDs), alcohol use disorder (AUD) and some eating disorders, impose a significant burden on individuals and society. Despite their high prevalence and substantial morbidity and mortality rates, treatment options for these disorders remain limited. Over the past two decades, there has been a gradual accumulation of evidence pointing to the sigma-1 receptor (S1R) system as a promising target for therapeutic interventions designed to treat these disorders. S1R is a chaperone protein that resides in the endoplasmic reticulum, but under certain conditions translocates to the plasma membrane. In the brain, S1Rs are expressed in several regions important for reward, and following translocation, they physically associate with several reward-related GPCRs, including dopamine receptors 1 and 2 (D1R and D2R). Psychostimulants, alcohol, as well as palatable foods, all alter expression of S1R in regions important for motivated behavior, and S1R antagonists generally decrease behavioral responses to these rewards. Recent advances in structural modeling have permitted the development of highly-selective S1R antagonists with favorable pharmacokinetic profiles, thus providing a therapeutic avenue for S1R-based medications. Here, we provide an up-to-date overview of work linking S1R with motivated behavior for drugs of abuse and food, as well as evidence supporting the clinical utility of S1R antagonists to reduce their excessive consumption. We also highlight potential challenges associated with targeting the S1R system, including the need for a more comprehensive understanding of the underlying neurobiology and careful consideration of the pharmacological properties of S1R-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam G. Knowles
- Harpur School of Arts and Sciences, Binghamton University, Vestal, NY, USA
| | - Abanoub J. Armanious
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University and Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University and Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Youyi Peng
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - William J. Welsh
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University and Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Morgan H. James
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University and Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University and Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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7
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Carlson ML, Jackson IM, Azevedo EC, Reyes ST, Alam IS, Kellow R, Castillo JB, Nagy SC, Sharma R, Brewer M, Cleland J, Shen B, James ML. Development and Initial Assessment of [ 18F]OP-801: a Novel Hydroxyl Dendrimer PET Tracer for Preclinical Imaging of Innate Immune Activation in the Whole Body and Brain. Mol Imaging Biol 2023; 25:1063-1072. [PMID: 37735280 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-023-01850-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Innate immune activation plays a critical role in the onset and progression of many diseases. While positron emission tomography (PET) imaging provides a non-invasive means to visualize and quantify such immune responses, most available tracers are not specific for innate immune cells. To address this need, we developed [18F]OP-801 by radiolabeling a novel hydroxyl dendrimer that is selectively taken up by reactive macrophages/microglia and evaluated its ability to detect innate immune activation in mice following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. PROCEDURES OP-801 was radiolabeled in two steps: [18F]fluorination of a tosyl precursor to yield [18F]3-fluoropropylazide, followed by a copper-catalyzed click reaction. After purification and stability testing, [18F]OP-801 (150-250 μCi) was intravenously injected into female C57BL/6 mice 24 h after intraperitoneal administration of LPS (10 mg/kg, n=14) or saline (n=6). Upon completing dynamic PET/CT imaging, mice were perfused, and radioactivity was measured in tissues of interest via gamma counting or autoradiography. RESULTS [18F]OP-801 was produced with >95% radiochemical purity, 12-52 μCi/μg specific activity, and 4.3±1.5% decay-corrected yield. Ex vivo metabolite analysis of plasma samples (n=4) demonstrated high stability in mice (97±3% intact tracer >120 min post-injection). PET/CT images of mice following LPS challenge revealed higher signal in organs known to be inflamed in this context, including the liver, lung, and spleen. Gamma counting confirmed PET findings, showing significantly elevated signal in the same tissues compared to saline-injected mice: the liver (p=0.009), lung (p=0.030), and spleen (p=0.004). Brain PET/CT images (summed 50-60 min) revealed linearly increasing [18F]OP-801 uptake in the whole brain that significantly correlated with murine sepsis score (r=0.85, p<0.0001). Specifically, tracer uptake was significantly higher in the brain stem, cortex, olfactory bulb, white matter, and ventricles of LPS-treated mice compared to saline-treated mice (p<0.05). CONCLUSION [18F]OP-801 is a promising new PET tracer for sensitive and specific detection of activated macrophages and microglia that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isaac M Jackson
- Department of Radiology at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - E Carmen Azevedo
- Department of Radiology at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Samantha T Reyes
- Department of Radiology at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Israt S Alam
- Department of Radiology at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rowaid Kellow
- Department of Radiology at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jessa B Castillo
- Department of Radiology at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sydney C Nagy
- Department of Radiology at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rishi Sharma
- Ashvattha Therapeutics, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Bin Shen
- Department of Radiology at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michelle L James
- Department of Radiology at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Berkowitz RL, Bluhm AP, Knox GW, McCurdy CR, Ostrov DA, Norris MH. Sigma Receptor Ligands Prevent COVID Mortality In Vivo: Implications for Future Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15718. [PMID: 37958703 PMCID: PMC10647780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of lethal coronaviruses follows a periodic pattern which suggests a recurring cycle of outbreaks. It remains uncertain as to when the next lethal coronavirus will emerge, though its eventual emergence appears to be inevitable. New mutations in evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants have provided resistance to current antiviral drugs, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccines, reducing their therapeutic efficacy. This underscores the urgent need to investigate alternative therapeutic approaches. Sigma receptors have been unexpectedly linked to the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle due to the direct antiviral effect of their ligands. Coronavirus-induced cell stress facilitates the formation of an ER-derived complex conducive to its replication. Sigma receptor ligands are believed to prevent the formation of this complex. Repurposing FDA-approved drugs for COVID-19 offers a timely and cost-efficient strategy to find treatments with established safety profiles. Notably, diphenhydramine, a sigma receptor ligand, is thought to counteract the virus by inhibiting the creation of ER-derived replication vesicles. Furthermore, lactoferrin, a well-characterized immunomodulatory protein, has shown antiviral efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 both in laboratory settings and in living organisms. In the present study, we aimed to explore the impact of sigma receptor ligands on SARS-CoV-2-induced mortality in ACE2-transgenic mice. We assessed the effects of an investigational antiviral drug combination comprising a sigma receptor ligand and an immunomodulatory protein. Mice treated with sigma-2 receptor ligands or diphenhydramine and lactoferrin exhibited improved survival rates and rapid rebound in mass following the SARS-CoV-2 challenge compared to mock-treated animals. Clinical translation of these findings may support the discovery of new treatment and research strategies for SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reed L. Berkowitz
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (R.L.B.); (D.A.O.)
| | - Andrew P. Bluhm
- Spatial Epidemiology and Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Geography, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA
| | - Glenn W. Knox
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (R.L.B.); (D.A.O.)
| | - Christopher R. McCurdy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Translational Drug Development Core, Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - David A. Ostrov
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (R.L.B.); (D.A.O.)
| | - Michael H. Norris
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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9
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Rossino G, Marra A, Listro R, Peviani M, Poggio E, Curti D, Pellavio G, Laforenza U, Dondio G, Schepmann D, Wünsch B, Bedeschi M, Marino N, Tesei A, Ha HJ, Kim YH, Ann J, Lee J, Linciano P, Di Giacomo M, Rossi D, Collina S. Discovery of RC-752, a Novel Sigma-1 Receptor Antagonist with Antinociceptive Activity: A Promising Tool for Fighting Neuropathic Pain. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:962. [PMID: 37513874 PMCID: PMC10386076 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is a chronic condition resulting from damaged pain-signaling pathways. It is a debilitating disorder that affects up to 10% of the world's population. Although opioid analgesics are effective in reducing pain, they present severe risks; so, there is a pressing need for non-opioid pain-relieving drugs. One potential alternative is represented by sigma-1 receptor (S1R) antagonists due to their promising analgesic effects. Here, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of S1R antagonists based on a 2-aryl-4-aminobutanol scaffold. After assessing affinity toward the S1R and selectivity over the sigma-2 receptor (S2R), we evaluated the agonist/antagonist profile of the compounds by investigating their effects on nerve growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth and aquaporin-mediated water permeability in the presence and absence of oxidative stress. (R/S)-RC-752 emerged as the most interesting compound for S1R affinity (Ki S1R = 6.2 ± 0.9) and functional antagonist activity. Furthermore, it showed no cytotoxic effect in two normal human cell lines or in an in vivo zebrafish model and was stable after incubation in mouse plasma. (R/S)-RC-752 was then evaluated in two animal models of NP: the formalin test and the spinal nerve ligation model. The results clearly demonstrated that compound (R/S)-RC-752 effectively alleviated pain in both animal models, thus providing the proof of concept of its efficacy as an antinociceptive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Rossino
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Marra
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Listro
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Peviani
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Poggio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Curti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Pellavio
- Human Physiology Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Umberto Laforenza
- Human Physiology Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulio Dondio
- Aphad SrL, Via della Resistenza, 65, 20090 Buccinasco, Italy
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martina Bedeschi
- BioScience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Noemi Marino
- BioScience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Anna Tesei
- BioScience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Hee-Jin Ha
- Medifron DBT, Seoul 08502, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jihyae Ann
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- JMackem Co. Ltd., Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewoo Lee
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- JMackem Co. Ltd., Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Pasquale Linciano
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Simona Collina
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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10
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Cai L, Liow JS, Morse CL, Telu S, Davies R, Manly LS, Zoghbi SS, Chin FT, Innis RB, Pike VW. Candidate 3-benzazepine-1-ol type GluN2B receptor radioligands ( 11C-NR2B-Me enantiomers) have high binding in cerebellum but not to σ1 receptors. EJNMMI Res 2023; 13:28. [PMID: 37017827 PMCID: PMC10076467 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-00975-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We recently reported 11C-NR2B-SMe ([S-methyl-11C](R,S)-7-thiomethoxy-3-(4-(4-methyl-phenyl)butyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[d]azepin-1-ol) and its enantiomers as candidate radioligands for imaging the GluN2B subunit within rat N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. However, these radioligands gave unexpectedly high and displaceable binding in rat cerebellum, possibly due to cross-reactivity with sigma-1 (σ1) receptors. This study investigated 11C-labeled enantiomers of a close analogue (7-methoxy-3-(4-(p-tolyl)butyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[d]azepin-1-ol; NR2B-Me) of 11C-NR2B-SMe as new candidate GluN2B radioligands. PET was used to evaluate these radioligands in rats and to assess potential cross-reactivity to σ1 receptors. METHODS NR2B-Me was assayed for binding affinity and selectivity to GluN2B in vitro. 11C-NR2B-Me and its enantiomers were prepared by Pd-mediated treatment of boronic ester precursors with 11C-iodomethane. Brain PET scans were conducted after radioligand intravenous injection into rats. Various ligands for GluN2B receptors or σ1 receptors were administered at set doses in pre-blocking or displacement experiments to assess their impact on imaging data. 18F-FTC146 and enantiomers of 11C-NR2B-SMe were used for comparison. Radiometabolites from brain and plasma were measured ex vivo and in vitro. RESULTS NR2B-Me enantiomers showed high GluN2B affinity and selectivity in vitro. 11C-NR2B-Me enantiomers gave high early whole rat brain uptake of radioactivity, including high uptake in cerebellum, followed by slower decline. Radioactivity in brain at 30 min ex vivo was virtually all unchanged radioligand. Only less lipophilic radiometabolites appeared in plasma. When 11C-(R)-NR2B-Me was used, three high-affinity GluN2B ligands-NR2B-SMe, Ro25-6981, and CO101,244-showed increasing pre-block of whole brain radioactivity retention with increasing dose. Two σ1 receptor antagonists, FTC146 and BD1407, were ineffective pre-blocking agents. Together, these results strongly resemble those obtained with 11C-NR2B-SMe enantiomers, except that 11C-NR2B-Me enantiomers showed faster reversibility of binding. When 18F-FTC146 was used as a radioligand, FTC146 and BD1407 showed strong pre-blocking effects whereas GluN2B ligands showed only weak blocking effects. CONCLUSION 11C-NR2B-Me enantiomers showed specific binding to GluN2B receptors in rat brain in vivo. High unexpected specific binding in cerebellum was not due to σ1 receptors. Additional investigation is needed to identify the source of the high specific binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Cai
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Bldg 10, Room B3 C346, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Jeih-San Liow
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Bldg 10, Room B3 C346, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Cheryl L Morse
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Bldg 10, Room B3 C346, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sanjay Telu
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Bldg 10, Room B3 C346, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Riley Davies
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Bldg 10, Room B3 C346, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lester S Manly
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Bldg 10, Room B3 C346, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sami S Zoghbi
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Bldg 10, Room B3 C346, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Frederick T Chin
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Rm. PS049, Stanford, CA, 94305-584, USA
| | - Robert B Innis
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Bldg 10, Room B3 C346, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Victor W Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Bldg 10, Room B3 C346, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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11
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Sadeghzadeh M, Wenzel B, Nikodemus J, Florea A, Hertel F, Kopka K, Vogg ATJ, Kiessling F, Mottaghy FM. Improved protocol for the radiosynthesis of [ 18 F]FTC-146: A potent and selective sigma-1 receptor radioligand. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2023; 66:116-125. [PMID: 36807307 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
[18 F]FTC-146 was introduced as a very potent and selective sigma-1 receptor radioligand, which has shown promising application as an imaging agent for neuropathic pain with positron emission tomography. In line with a multi-laboratory project on animal welfare, we chose this radioligand to investigate its potential for detecting neuropathic pain and tissue damage in tumor-bearing animals. However, the radiochemical yield (RCY) of around 4-7% was not satisfactory to us, and efforts were made to improve it. Herein, we describe an improved approach for the radiosynthesis of [18 F]FTC-146 resulting in a RCY, which is sevenfold higher than that previously reported. A tosylate precursor was synthesized and radio-fluorination experiments were performed via aliphatic nucleophilic substitution reactions using either K[18 F]F-Kryptofix®222 (K2.2.2 )-carbonate system or tetra-n-butylammonium [18 F]fluoride ([18 F]TBAF). Several parameters affecting the radiolabeling reaction such as solvent, 18 F-fluorination agent with the corresponding amount of base, labeling time, and temperature were investigated. Best labeling reaction conditions were found to be [18 F]TBAF and acetonitrile as solvent at 100°C. The new protocol was then translated to an automated procedure using a FX2 N synthesis module. Finally, the radiotracer reproducibly obtained with RCYs of 41.7 ± 4.4% in high radiochemical purity (>98%) and molar activities up to 171 GBq/μmol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Sadeghzadeh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Barbara Wenzel
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Nikodemus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexandru Florea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Schools for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), for Oncology and Reproduction (GROW) and Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Hertel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas T J Vogg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix M Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Schools for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), for Oncology and Reproduction (GROW) and Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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12
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Ahmed H, Zheng MQ, Smart K, Fang H, Zhang L, Emery PR, Gao H, Ropchan J, Haider A, Tamagnan G, Carson RE, Ametamey SM, Huang Y. Evaluation of ( rac)-, ( R)-, and ( S)- 18F-OF-NB1 for Imaging GluN2B Subunit-Containing N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptors in Nonhuman Primates. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:1912-1918. [PMID: 35710735 PMCID: PMC9730915 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.263977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite 2 decades of research, no N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor (GluN) subtype 2B (GluN1/2B) radioligand is yet clinically validated. Previously, we reported on (rac)-18F-OF-NB1 as a promising GluN1/2B PET probe in rodents and its successful application for the visualization of GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors in postmortem brain tissues of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In the current work, we report on the in vivo characterization of (rac)-, (R)-, and (S)-18F-OF-NB1 in nonhuman primates. Methods: PET scans were performed on rhesus monkeys. Plasma profiling was used to obtain the arterial input function. Regional brain time-activity curves were generated and fitted with the 1- and 2-tissue-compartment models and the multilinear analysis 1 method, and the corresponding regional volumes of distribution were calculated. Blocking studies with the GluN1/2B ligand Co 101244 (0.25 mg/kg) were performed for the enantiopure radiotracers. Receptor occupancy, nonspecific volume of distribution, and regional binding potential (BP ND) were obtained. Potential off-target binding toward σ1 receptors was assessed for (S)-18F-OF-NB1 using the σ1 receptor ligand FTC-146. Results: Free plasma fraction was moderate, ranging from 12% to 16%. All radiotracers showed high and heterogeneous brain uptake, with the highest levels in the cortex. (R)-18F-OF-NB1 showed the highest uptake and slowest washout kinetics of all tracers. The 1-tissue-compartment model and multilinear analysis 1 method fitted the regional time-activity curves well for all tracers and produced reliable regional volumes of distribution, which were higher for (R)- than (S)-18F-OF-NB1. Receptor occupancy by Co 101244 was 85% and 96% for (S)-18F-OF-NB1 and (R)-18F-OF-NB1, respectively. Pretreatment with FTC-146 at both a low (0.027 mg/kg) and high (0.125 mg/kg) dose led to a similar reduction (48% and 49%, respectively) in specific binding of (S)-18F-OF-NB1. Further, pretreatment with both Co 101244 and FTC-146 did not result in a further reduction in specific binding compared with Co 101244 alone in the same monkey (82% vs. 81%, respectively). Regional BP ND values ranged from 1.3 in the semiovale to 3.4 in the cingulate cortex for (S)-18F-OF-NB1. Conclusion: Both (R)- and (S)-18F-OF-NB1 exhibited high binding specificity to GluN2B subunit-containing NMDA receptors. The fast washout kinetics, good regional BP ND values, and high plasma free fraction render (S)-18F-OF-NB1 an attractive radiotracer for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Ahmed
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | | | - Kelly Smart
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Hanyi Fang
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
- Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Paul R Emery
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Hong Gao
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Jim Ropchan
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Simon M Ametamey
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and
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13
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Zhou YP, Sun Y, Takahashi K, Belov V, Andrews N, Woolf CJ, Brugarolas P. Development of a PET radioligand for α2δ-1 subunit of calcium channels for imaging neuropathic pain. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 242:114688. [PMID: 36031695 PMCID: PMC9623503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain affects 7-10% of the adult population. Being able to accurately monitor biological changes underlying neuropathic pain will improve our understanding of neuropathic pain mechanisms and facilitate the development of novel therapeutics. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a noninvasive molecular imaging technique that can provide quantitative information of biochemical changes at the whole-body level by using radiolabeled ligands. One important biological change underlying the development of neuropathic pain is the overexpression of α2δ-1 subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels (the target of gabapentin). Thus, we hypothesized that a radiolabeled form of gabapentin may allow imaging changes in α2δ-1 for monitoring the underlying pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. Here, we report the development of two 18F-labeled derivatives of gabapentin (trans-4-[18F]fluorogabapentin and cis-4-[18F]fluorogabapentin) and their evaluation in healthy rats and a rat model of neuropathic pain (spinal nerve ligation model). Both isomers were found to selectively bind to the α2δ-1 receptor with trans-4-[18F]fluorogabapentin having higher affinity. Both tracers displayed around 1.5- to 2-fold increased uptake in injured nerves over the contralateral uninjured nerves when measured by gamma counting ex vivo. Although the small size of the nerves and the signal from surrounding muscle prevented visualizing these changes using PET, this work demonstrates that fluorinated derivatives of gabapentin retain binding to α2δ-1 and that their radiolabeled forms can be used to detect pathological changes in vitro and ex vivo. Furthermore, this work confirms that α2δ-1 is a promising target for imaging specific features of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Peng Zhou
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yang Sun
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kazue Takahashi
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vasily Belov
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nick Andrews
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pedro Brugarolas
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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14
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Wang YM, Xia CY, Jia HM, He J, Lian WW, Yan Y, Wang WP, Zhang WK, Xu JK. Sigma-1 receptor: A potential target for the development of antidepressants. Neurochem Int 2022; 159:105390. [PMID: 35810915 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Though a great many of studies on the development of antidepressants for the therapy of major depression disorder (MDD) and the development of antidepressants have been carried out, there still lacks an efficient approach in clinical practice. The involvement of Sigma-1 receptor in the pathological process of MDD has been verified. In this review, recent research focusing on the role of Sigma-1 receptor in the etiology of MDD were summarized. Preclinical studies and clinical trials have found that stress induce the variation of Sigma-1 receptor in the blood, brain and heart. Dysfunction and absence of Sigma-1 receptor result in depressive-like behaviors in rodent animals. Agonists of Sigma-1 receptor show not only antidepressant-like activities but also therapeutical effects in complications of depression. The mechanisms underlying antidepressant-like effects of Sigma-1 receptor may include suppressing neuroinflammation, regulating neurotransmitters, ameliorating brain-derived neurotrophic factor and N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor, and alleviating the endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondria damage during stress. Therefore, Sigma-1 receptor represents a potential target for antidepressants development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Wang
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China; Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Cong-Yuan Xia
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Hong-Mei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Wen-Wen Lian
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Yu Yan
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Wen-Ping Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Wei-Ku Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
| | - Jie-Kun Xu
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
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15
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Smart K, Zheng MQ, Ahmed H, Fang H, Xu Y, Cai L, Holden D, Kapinos M, Haider A, Felchner Z, Ropchan JR, Tamagnan G, Innis RB, Pike VW, Ametamey SM, Huang Y, Carson RE. Comparison of three novel radiotracers for GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors in non-human primates: (R)-[ 11C]NR2B-Me, (R)-[ 18F]of-Me-NB1, and (S)-[ 18F]of-NB1. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1398-1409. [PMID: 35209743 PMCID: PMC9274863 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221084416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The NMDA receptor GluN2B subunit is a target of interest in neuropsychiatric disorders but to date there is no selective radiotracer available to quantify its availability in vivo. Here we report direct comparisons in non-human primates of three GluN2B-targeting radioligands: (R)-[11C]NR2B-Me, (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1, and (S)-[18F]OF-NB1. Plasma free fraction, metabolism, tissue distribution and kinetics, and quantitative kinetic modeling methods and parameters were evaluated in two adult rhesus macaques. Free fraction in plasma was <2% for (R)-[11C]NR2B-Me and (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 and higher for (S)-[18F]OF-NB1 (15%). All radiotracers showed good brain uptake and distribution throughout grey matter, with substantial (>68%) blockade across the brain by the GluN2B-targeting drug Co-101,244 (0.25 mg/kg), including in the cerebellum. Time-activity curves were well-fitted by the one-tissue compartment model, with volume of distribution values of 20-40 mL/cm3 for (R)-[11C]NR2B-Me, 8-16 mL/cm3 for (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1, and 15-35 mL/cm3 for (S)-[18F]OF-NB1. Estimates of regional non-displaceable binding potential were in the range of 2-3 for (R)-[11C]NR2B-Me and (S)-[18F]-OF-NB1, and 0.5-1 for (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1. Altogether, each radiotracer showed an acceptable profile for quantitative imaging of GluN2B. (S)-[18F]OF-NB1 has particularly promising imaging characteristics for potential translation into humans. However, the source of unexpected displaceable binding in the cerebellum for each of these compounds requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Smart
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Hazem Ahmed
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hanyi Fang
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
- Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuping Xu
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lisheng Cai
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel Holden
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael Kapinos
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zachary Felchner
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jim R Ropchan
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Gilles Tamagnan
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Robert B Innis
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Victor W Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Simon M Ametamey
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale PET Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
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16
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Zheng M, Ahmed H, Smart K, Xu Y, Holden D, Kapinos M, Felchner Z, Haider A, Tamagnan G, Carson RE, Huang Y, Ametamey SM. Characterization in nonhuman primates of (R)-[ 18F]OF-Me-NB1 and (S)-[ 18F]OF-Me-NB1 for imaging the GluN2B subunits of the NMDA receptor. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:2153-2162. [PMID: 35107627 PMCID: PMC9165293 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05698-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE GluN2B containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play an essential role in neurotransmission and are a potential treatment target for multiple neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 was reported to be more specific and selective than (S)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 for the GluN2B subunits of the NMDAR based on their binding affinity to GluN2B and sigma-1 receptors. Here we report a comprehensive evaluation of (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 and (S)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 in nonhuman primates. METHODS The radiosynthesis of (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 and (S)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 started from 18F-fluorination of the boronic ester precursor, followed by removal of the acetyl protecting group. PET scans in two rhesus monkeys were conducted on the Focus 220 scanner. Blocking studies were performed after treatment of the animals with the GluN2B antagonist Co101,244 or the sigma-1 receptor antagonist FTC-146. One-tissue compartment (1TC) model and multilinear analysis-1 (MA1) method with arterial input function were used to obtain the regional volume of distribution (VT, mL/cm3). Occupancy values by the two blockers were obtained by the Lassen plot. Regional non-displaceable binding potential (BPND) was calculated from the corresponding baseline VT and the VND derived from the occupancy plot of the Co101,244 blocking scans. RESULTS (R)- and (S)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 were produced in > 99% radiochemical and enantiomeric purity, with molar activity of 224.22 ± 161.69 MBq/nmol at the end of synthesis (n = 10). Metabolism was moderate, with ~ 30% parent compound remaining for (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 and 20% for (S)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 at 30 min postinjection. Plasma free fraction was 1-2%. In brain regions, both (R)- and (S)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 displayed fast uptake with slower clearance for the (R)- than (S)-enantiomer. For (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1, both the 1TC model and MA1 method gave reliable estimates of regional VT values, with MA1 VT (mL/cm3) values ranging from 8.9 in the cerebellum to 12.8 in the cingulate cortex. Blocking with 0.25 mg/kg of Co101,244 greatly reduced the uptake of (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 across all brain regions, resulting in occupancy of 77% and VND of 6.36, while 0.027 mg/kg of FTC-146 reduced specific binding by 30%. Regional BPND, as a measure of specific binding signals, ranged from 0.40 in the cerebellum to 1.01 in the cingulate cortex. CONCLUSIONS In rhesus monkeys, (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 exhibited fast kinetics and heterogeneous uptake across brain regions, while the (S)-enantiomer displayed a narrower dynamic range of uptake across regions. A Blocking study with a GluN2B antagonist indicated binding specificity. The value of BPND was > 0.5 in most brain regions, suggesting good in vivo specific binding signals. Taken together, results from the current study demonstrated the potential of (R)-[18F]OF-Me-NB1 as a useful radiotracer for imaging the GluN2B receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hazem Ahmed
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kelly Smart
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yuping Xu
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | | | | - Ahmed Haider
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Simon M Ametamey
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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17
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Couly S, Goguadze N, Yasui Y, Kimura Y, Wang SM, Sharikadze N, Wu HE, Su TP. Knocking Out Sigma-1 Receptors Reveals Diverse Health Problems. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 42:597-620. [PMID: 33095392 PMCID: PMC8062587 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00983-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) is a protein present in several organs such as brain, lung, and heart. In a cell, Sig-1R is mainly located across the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and more specifically at the mitochondria-associated membranes. Despite numerous studies showing that Sig-1R could be targeted to rescue several cellular mechanisms in different pathological conditions, less is known about its fundamental relevance. In this review, we report results from various studies and focus on the importance of Sig-1R in physiological conditions by comparing Sig-1R KO mice to wild-type mice in order to investigate the fundamental functions of Sig-1R. We note that the Sig-1R deletion induces cognitive, psychiatric, and motor dysfunctions, but also alters metabolism of heart. Finally, taken together, observations from different experiments demonstrate that those dysfunctions are correlated to poor regulation of ER and mitochondria metabolism altered by stress, which could occur with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Couly
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, DHHS, IRP, NIH, Triad Technology Center 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224 NIH, USA.
| | - Nino Goguadze
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, DHHS, IRP, NIH, Triad Technology Center 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224 NIH, USA
| | - Yuko Yasui
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, DHHS, IRP, NIH, Triad Technology Center 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224 NIH, USA
| | - Yuriko Kimura
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, DHHS, IRP, NIH, Triad Technology Center 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224 NIH, USA
| | - Shao-Ming Wang
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, DHHS, IRP, NIH, Triad Technology Center 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224 NIH, USA
| | - Nino Sharikadze
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, DHHS, IRP, NIH, Triad Technology Center 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224 NIH, USA
| | - Hsiang-En Wu
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, DHHS, IRP, NIH, Triad Technology Center 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224 NIH, USA
| | - Tsung-Ping Su
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, DHHS, IRP, NIH, Triad Technology Center 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224 NIH, USA
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18
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Nerella SG, Singh P, Sanam T, Digwal CS. PET Molecular Imaging in Drug Development: The Imaging and Chemistry Perspective. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:812270. [PMID: 35295604 PMCID: PMC8919964 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.812270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography with selective radioligands advances the drug discovery and development process by revealing information about target engagement, proof of mechanism, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. Positron emission tomography (PET) is an essential and highly significant tool to study therapeutic drug development, dose regimen, and the drug plasma concentrations of new drug candidates. Selective radioligands bring up target-specific information in several disease states including cancer, cardiovascular, and neurological conditions by quantifying various rates of biological processes with PET, which are associated with its physiological changes in living subjects, thus it reveals disease progression and also advances the clinical investigation. This study explores the major roles, applications, and advances of PET molecular imaging in drug discovery and development process with a wide range of radiochemistry as well as clinical outcomes of positron-emitting carbon-11 and fluorine-18 radiotracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Goud Nerella
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Priti Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Tulja Sanam
- Department of Microbiology and Applied Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Chander Singh Digwal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India
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19
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Wilson LL, Eans SO, Ramadan-Siraj I, Modica MN, Romeo G, Intagliata S, McLaughlin JP. Examination of the Novel Sigma-1 Receptor Antagonist, SI 1/28, for Antinociceptive and Anti-allodynic Efficacy against Multiple Types of Nociception with Fewer Liabilities of Use. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:615. [PMID: 35054797 PMCID: PMC8775934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a significant problem with few effective treatments lacking adverse effects. The sigma-1 receptor (S1R) is a potential therapeutic target for neuropathic pain, as antagonists for this receptor effectively ameliorate pain in both preclinical and clinical studies. The current research examines the antinociceptive and anti-allodynic efficacy of SI 1/28, a recently reported benzylpiperazine derivative and analog of the S1R antagonist SI 1/13, that was 423-fold more selective for S1R over the sigma-2 receptor (S2R). In addition, possible liabilities of respiration, sedation, and drug reinforcement caused by SI 1/28 have been evaluated. Inflammatory and chemical nociception, chronic nerve constriction injury (CCI) induced mechanical allodynia, and adverse effects of sedation in a rotarod assay, conditioned place preference (CPP), and changes in breath rate and locomotor activity were assessed after i.p. administration of SI 1/28. Pretreatment with SI 1/28 produced dose-dependent antinociception in the formalin test, with an ED50 (and 95% C.I.) value of 13.2 (7.42-28.3) mg/kg, i.p. Likewise, SI 1/28 produced dose-dependent antinociception against visceral nociception and anti-allodynia against CCI-induced neuropathic pain. SI 1/28 demonstrated no impairment of locomotor activity, conditioned place preference, or respiratory depression. In summary, SI 1/28 proved efficacious in the treatment of acute inflammatory pain and chronic neuropathy without liabilities at therapeutic doses, supporting the development of S1R antagonists as therapeutics for chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa L. Wilson
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.L.W.); (S.O.E.); (I.R.-S.)
| | - Shainnel O. Eans
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.L.W.); (S.O.E.); (I.R.-S.)
| | - Insitar Ramadan-Siraj
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.L.W.); (S.O.E.); (I.R.-S.)
| | - Maria N. Modica
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.N.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Romeo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.N.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Sebastiano Intagliata
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.N.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Jay P. McLaughlin
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.L.W.); (S.O.E.); (I.R.-S.)
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20
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NRM 2021 Abstract Booklet. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:11-309. [PMID: 34905986 PMCID: PMC8851538 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211061050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Beinat C, Patel CB, Haywood T, Murty S, Naya L, Castillo JB, Reyes ST, Phillips M, Buccino P, Shen B, Park JH, Koran MEI, Alam IS, James ML, Holley D, Halbert K, Gandhi H, He JQ, Granucci M, Johnson E, Liu DD, Uchida N, Sinha R, Chu P, Born DE, Warnock GI, Weissman I, Hayden-Gephart M, Khalighi M, Massoud TF, Iagaru A, Davidzon G, Thomas R, Nagpal S, Recht LD, Gambhir SS. A Clinical PET Imaging Tracer ([ 18F]DASA-23) to Monitor Pyruvate Kinase M2-Induced Glycolytic Reprogramming in Glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:6467-6478. [PMID: 34475101 PMCID: PMC8639752 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) catalyzes the final step in glycolysis, a key process of cancer metabolism. PKM2 is preferentially expressed by glioblastoma (GBM) cells with minimal expression in healthy brain. We describe the development, validation, and translation of a novel PET tracer to study PKM2 in GBM. We evaluated 1-((2-fluoro-6-[18F]fluorophenyl)sulfonyl)-4-((4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)piperazine ([18F]DASA-23) in cell culture, mouse models of GBM, healthy human volunteers, and patients with GBM. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN [18F]DASA-23 was synthesized with a molar activity of 100.47 ± 29.58 GBq/μmol and radiochemical purity >95%. We performed initial testing of [18F]DASA-23 in GBM cell culture and human GBM xenografts implanted orthotopically into mice. Next, we produced [18F]DASA-23 under FDA oversight, and evaluated it in healthy volunteers and a pilot cohort of patients with glioma. RESULTS In mouse imaging studies, [18F]DASA-23 clearly delineated the U87 GBM from surrounding healthy brain tissue and had a tumor-to-brain ratio of 3.6 ± 0.5. In human volunteers, [18F]DASA-23 crossed the intact blood-brain barrier and was rapidly cleared. In patients with GBM, [18F]DASA-23 successfully outlined tumors visible on contrast-enhanced MRI. The uptake of [18F]DASA-23 was markedly elevated in GBMs compared with normal brain, and it identified a metabolic nonresponder within 1 week of treatment initiation. CONCLUSIONS We developed and translated [18F]DASA-23 as a new tracer that demonstrated the visualization of aberrantly expressed PKM2 for the first time in human subjects. These results warrant further clinical evaluation of [18F]DASA-23 to assess its utility for imaging therapy-induced normalization of aberrant cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Beinat
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
| | - Chirag B Patel
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Tom Haywood
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Surya Murty
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Lewis Naya
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Jessa B Castillo
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Samantha T Reyes
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Megan Phillips
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Pablo Buccino
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Bin Shen
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Jun Hyung Park
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Mary Ellen I Koran
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Israt S Alam
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Michelle L James
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Dawn Holley
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Kim Halbert
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Harsh Gandhi
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Joy Q He
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Monica Granucci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Eli Johnson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Daniel Dan Liu
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Nobuko Uchida
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Rahul Sinha
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Pauline Chu
- Stanford Human Research Histology Core, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Donald E Born
- Department of Pathology, Neuropathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Irving Weissman
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Melanie Hayden-Gephart
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Mehdi Khalighi
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Tarik F Massoud
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Division of Neuroimaging and Neurointervention, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Andrei Iagaru
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Guido Davidzon
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Reena Thomas
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Seema Nagpal
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Lawrence D Recht
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
| | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Departments of Bioengineering and Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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22
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Highly Specific Sigma Receptor Ligands Exhibit Anti-Viral Properties in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Cells. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111514. [PMID: 34832669 PMCID: PMC8620039 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: There is a strong need for prevention and treatment strategies for COVID-19 that are not impacted by SARS-CoV-2 mutations emerging in variants of concern. After virus infection, host ER resident sigma receptors form direct interactions with non-structural SARS-CoV-2 proteins present in the replication complex. (2) Methods: In this work, highly specific sigma receptor ligands were investigated for their ability to inhibit both SARS-CoV-2 genome replication and virus induced cellular toxicity. This study found antiviral activity associated with agonism of the sigma-1 receptor (e.g., SA4503), ligation of the sigma-2 receptor (e.g., CM398), and a combination of the two pathways (e.g., AZ66). (3) Results: Intermolecular contacts between these ligands and sigma receptors were identified by structural modeling. (4) Conclusions: Sigma receptor ligands and drugs with off-target sigma receptor binding characteristics were effective at inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in primate and human cells, representing a potential therapeutic avenue for COVID-19 prevention and treatment.
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23
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Reyes ST, Deacon RMJ, Guo SG, Altimiras FJ, Castillo JB, van der Wildt B, Morales AP, Park JH, Klamer D, Rosenberg J, Oberman LM, Rebowe N, Sprouse J, Missling CU, McCurdy CR, Cogram P, Kaufmann WE, Chin FT. Effects of the sigma-1 receptor agonist blarcamesine in a murine model of fragile X syndrome: neurobehavioral phenotypes and receptor occupancy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17150. [PMID: 34433831 PMCID: PMC8387417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94079-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS), a disorder of synaptic development and function, is the most prevalent genetic form of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. FXS mouse models display clinically-relevant phenotypes, such as increased anxiety and hyperactivity. Despite their availability, so far advances in drug development have not yielded new treatments. Therefore, testing novel drugs that can ameliorate FXS' cognitive and behavioral impairments is imperative. ANAVEX2-73 (blarcamesine) is a sigma-1 receptor (S1R) agonist with a strong safety record and preliminary efficacy evidence in patients with Alzheimer's disease and Rett syndrome, other synaptic neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. S1R's role in calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial function, cellular functions related to synaptic function, makes blarcamesine a potential drug candidate for FXS. Administration of blarcamesine in 2-month-old FXS and wild type mice for 2 weeks led to normalization in two key neurobehavioral phenotypes: open field test (hyperactivity) and contextual fear conditioning (associative learning). Furthermore, there was improvement in marble-burying (anxiety, perseverative behavior). It also restored levels of BDNF, a converging point of many synaptic regulators, in the hippocampus. Positron emission tomography (PET) and ex vivo autoradiographic studies, using the highly selective S1R PET ligand [18F]FTC-146, demonstrated the drug's dose-dependent receptor occupancy. Subsequent analyses also showed a wide but variable brain regional distribution of S1Rs, which was preserved in FXS mice. Altogether, these neurobehavioral, biochemical, and imaging data demonstrates doses that yield measurable receptor occupancy are effective for improving the synaptic and behavioral phenotype in FXS mice. The present findings support the viability of S1R as a therapeutic target in FXS, and the clinical potential of blarcamesine in FXS and other neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha T Reyes
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Robert M J Deacon
- FRAXA-DVI, FRAXA, Santiago, Chile
- IEB, Faculty of Science, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Fraunhofer Chile Research, Center for Systems Biotechnology, Santiago, Chile
| | - Scarlett G Guo
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Francisco J Altimiras
- FRAXA-DVI, FRAXA, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Engineering and Business, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jessa B Castillo
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | - Aimara P Morales
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jun Hyung Park
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Daniel Klamer
- Anavex Life Sciences Corp., New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Jarrett Rosenberg
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lindsay M Oberman
- Center for Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nell Rebowe
- Anavex Life Sciences Corp., New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | | | | | - Christopher R McCurdy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Patricia Cogram
- FRAXA-DVI, FRAXA, Santiago, Chile
- IEB, Faculty of Science, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Fraunhofer Chile Research, Center for Systems Biotechnology, Santiago, Chile
| | - Walter E Kaufmann
- Anavex Life Sciences Corp., New York, NY, 10019, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Frederick T Chin
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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24
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Abatematteo FS, Niso M, Contino M, Leopoldo M, Abate C. Multi-Target Directed Ligands (MTDLs) Binding the σ 1 Receptor as Promising Therapeutics: State of the Art and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6359. [PMID: 34198620 PMCID: PMC8232171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The sigma-1 (σ1) receptor is a 'pluripotent chaperone' protein mainly expressed at the mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum membrane interfaces where it interacts with several client proteins. This feature renders the σ1 receptor an ideal target for the development of multifunctional ligands, whose benefits are now recognized because several pathologies are multifactorial. Indeed, the current therapeutic regimens are based on the administration of different classes of drugs in order to counteract the diverse unbalanced physiological pathways associated with the pathology. Thus, the multi-targeted directed ligand (MTDL) approach, with one molecule that exerts poly-pharmacological actions, may be a winning strategy that overcomes the pharmacokinetic issues linked to the administration of diverse drugs. This review aims to point out the progress in the development of MTDLs directed toward σ1 receptors for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) and cancer diseases, with a focus on the perspectives that are proper for this strategy. The evidence that some drugs in clinical use unintentionally bind the σ1 protein (as off-target) provides a proof of concept of the potential of this strategy, and it strongly supports the promise that the σ1 receptor holds as a target to be hit in the context of MTDLs for the therapy of multifactorial pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.S.A.); (M.N.); (M.C.); (M.L.)
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25
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Voronin MV, Vakhitova YV, Tsypysheva IP, Tsypyshev DO, Rybina IV, Kurbanov RD, Abramova EV, Seredenin SB. Involvement of Chaperone Sigma1R in the Anxiolytic Effect of Fabomotizole. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5455. [PMID: 34064275 PMCID: PMC8196847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptor (chaperone Sigma1R) is an intracellular protein with chaperone functions, which is expressed in various organs, including the brain. Sigma1R participates in the regulation of physiological mechanisms of anxiety (Su, T. P. et al., 2016) and reactions to emotional stress (Hayashi, T., 2015). In 2006, fabomotizole (ethoxy-2-[2-(morpholino)-ethylthio]benzimidazole dihydrochloride) was registered in Russia as an anxiolytic (Seredenin S. and Voronin M., 2009). The molecular targets of fabomotizole are Sigma1R, NRH: quinone reductase 2 (NQO2), and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) (Seredenin S. and Voronin M., 2009). The current study aimed to clarify the dependence of fabomotizole anxiolytic action on its interaction with Sigma1R and perform a docking analysis of fabomotizole interaction with Sigma1R. An elevated plus maze (EPM) test revealed that the anxiolytic-like effect of fabomotizole (2.5 mg/kg i.p.) administered to male BALB/c mice 30 min prior EPM exposition was blocked by Sigma1R antagonists BD-1047 (1.0 mg/kg i.p.) and NE-100 (1.0 mg/kg i.p.) pretreatment. Results of initial in silico study showed that fabomotizole locates in the active center of Sigma1R, reproducing the interactions with the site's amino acids common for established Sigma1R ligands, with the ΔGbind value closer to that of agonist (+)-pentazocine in the 6DK1 binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V. Voronin
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology”, Baltiyskaya Street 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (I.P.T.); (D.O.T.); (I.V.R.); (R.D.K.); (E.V.A.)
| | - Yulia V. Vakhitova
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology”, Baltiyskaya Street 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (I.P.T.); (D.O.T.); (I.V.R.); (R.D.K.); (E.V.A.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sergei B. Seredenin
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology”, Baltiyskaya Street 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (I.P.T.); (D.O.T.); (I.V.R.); (R.D.K.); (E.V.A.)
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26
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Takamura Y, Kakuta H. In Vivo Receptor Visualization and Evaluation of Receptor Occupancy with Positron Emission Tomography. J Med Chem 2021; 64:5226-5251. [PMID: 33905258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is useful for noninvasive in vivo visualization of disease-related receptors, for evaluation of receptor occupancy to determine an appropriate drug dosage, and for proof-of-concept of drug candidates in translational research. For these purposes, the specificity of the PET tracer for the target receptor is critical. Here, we review work in this area, focusing on the chemical structures of reported PET tracers, their Ki/Kd values, and the physical properties relevant to target receptor selectivity. Among these physical properties, such as cLogP, cLogD, molecular weight, topological polar surface area, number of hydrogen bond donors, and pKa, we focus especially on LogD and LogP as important physical properties that can be easily compared across a range of studies. We discuss the success of PET tracers in evaluating receptor occupancy and consider likely future developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Takamura
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kakuta
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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27
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Agha H, McCurdy CR. In vitro and in vivo sigma 1 receptor imaging studies in different disease states. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:154-177. [PMID: 34046607 PMCID: PMC8127618 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00186d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The sigma receptor system has been classified into two distinct subtypes, sigma 1 (σ1R) and sigma 2 (σ2R). Sigma 1 receptors (σ1Rs) are involved in many neurodegenerative diseases and different central nervous system disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and drug addiction, and pain. This makes them attractive targets for developing radioligands as tools to gain a better understanding of disease pathophysiology and clinical diagnosis. Over the years, several σ1R radioligands have been developed to image the changes in σ1R distribution and density providing insights into their role in disease development. Moreover, the involvement of both σ1Rs and σ2Rs with cancer make these ligands, especially those that are σ2R selective, great tools for imaging different types of tumors. This review will discuss the principles of molecular imaging using PET and SPECT, known σ1R radioligands and their applications for labelling σ1Rs under different disease conditions. Furthermore, this review will highlight σ1R radioligands that have demonstrated considerable potential as biomarkers, and an opportunity to fulfill the ultimate goal of better healthcare outcomes and improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebaalla Agha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA +(352) 273 7705 +1 (352) 294 8691
| | - Christopher R McCurdy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA +(352) 273 7705 +1 (352) 294 8691
- UF Translational Drug Development Core, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA
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28
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Yoon D, Kogan F, Gold GE, Biswal S. Identifying Musculoskeletal Pain Generators Using Clinical PET. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2020; 24:441-450. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIdentifying the source of a person's pain is a significant clinical challenge because the physical sensation of pain is believed to be subjective and difficult to quantify. The experience of pain is not only modulated by the individual's threshold to painful stimuli but also a product of the person's affective contributions, such as fear, anxiety, and previous experiences. Perhaps then to quantify pain is to examine the degree of nociception and pro-nociceptive inflammation, that is, the extent of cellular, chemical, and molecular changes that occur in pain-generating processes. Measuring changes in the local density of receptors, ion channels, mediators, and inflammatory/immune cells that are involved in the painful phenotype using targeted, highly sensitive, and specific positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers is therefore a promising approach toward objectively identifying peripheral pain generators. Although several preclinical radiotracer candidates are being developed, a growing number of ongoing clinical PET imaging approaches can measure the degree of target concentration and thus serve as a readout for sites of pain generation. Further, when PET is combined with the spatial and contrast resolution afforded by magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear medicine physicians and radiologists can potentially identify pain drivers with greater accuracy and confidence. Clinical PET imaging approaches with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose, fluorine-18 sodium fluoride, and sigma-1 receptor PET radioligand and translocator protein radioligands to isolate the source of pain are described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daehyun Yoon
- Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Feliks Kogan
- Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Garry E. Gold
- Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Sandip Biswal
- Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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29
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Voronin MV, Vakhitova YV, Seredenin SB. Chaperone Sigma1R and Antidepressant Effect. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7088. [PMID: 32992988 PMCID: PMC7582751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review analyzes the current scientific literature on the role of the Sigma1R chaperone in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders and pharmacodynamics of antidepressants. As a result of ligand activation, Sigma1R is capable of intracellular translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) into the region of nuclear and cellular membranes, where it interacts with resident proteins. This unique property of Sigma1R provides regulation of various receptors, ion channels, enzymes, and transcriptional factors. The current review demonstrates the contribution of the Sigma1R chaperone to the regulation of molecular mechanisms involved in the antidepressant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V. Voronin
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, FSBI “Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology”, Baltiyskaya Street 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia;
| | | | - Sergei B. Seredenin
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, FSBI “Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology”, Baltiyskaya Street 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia;
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30
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Intagliata S, Sharma A, King TI, Mesangeau C, Seminerio M, Chin FT, Wilson LL, Matsumoto RR, McLaughlin JP, Avery BA, McCurdy CR. Discovery of a Highly Selective Sigma-2 Receptor Ligand, 1-(4-(6,7-Dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)butyl)-3-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one (CM398), with Drug-Like Properties and Antinociceptive Effects In Vivo. AAPS JOURNAL 2020; 22:94. [PMID: 32691179 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-020-00472-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The sigma-2 receptor has been cloned and identified as Tmem97, which is a transmembrane protein involved in intracellular Ca2+ regulation and cholesterol homeostasis. Since its discovery, the sigma-2 receptor has been an extremely controversial target, and many efforts have been made to elucidate the functional role of this receptor during physiological and pathological conditions. Recently, this receptor has been proposed as a potential target to treat neuropathic pain due to the ability of sigma-2 receptor agonists to relieve mechanical hyperalgesia in mice model of chronic pain. In the present work, we developed a highly selective sigma-2 receptor ligand (sigma-1/sigma-2 selectivity ratio > 1000), 1-(4-(6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)butyl)-3-methyl-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one (CM398), with an encouraging in vitro and in vivo pharmacological profile in rodents. In particular, radioligand binding studies demonstrated that CM398 had preferential affinity for sigma-2 receptor compared with sigma-1 receptor and at least four other neurotransmitter receptors sites, including the norepinephrine transporter. Following oral administration, CM398 showed rapid absorption and peak plasma concentration (Cmax) occurred within 10 min of dosing. Moreover, the compound showed adequate, absolute oral bioavailability of 29.0%. Finally, CM398 showed promising anti-inflammatory analgesic effects in the formalin model of inflammatory pain in mice. The results collected in this study provide more evidence that selective sigma-2 receptor ligands can be useful tools in the development of novel pain therapeutics and altogether, these data suggest that CM398 is a suitable lead candidate for further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Intagliata
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Abhisheak Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Tamara I King
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Christophe Mesangeau
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Michael Seminerio
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, USA
| | - Frederick T Chin
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Lisa L Wilson
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Rae R Matsumoto
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, USA.,Dean's Office, Touro University California College of Pharmacy, Vallejo, CA, 94592, USA
| | - Jay P McLaughlin
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Bonnie A Avery
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Christopher R McCurdy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA. .,Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA.
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31
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Intagliata S, Agha H, Kopajtic TA, Katz JL, Kamble SH, Sharma A, Avery BA, McCurdy CR. Exploring 1-adamantanamine as an alternative amine moiety for metabolically labile azepane ring in newly synthesized benzo[ d]thiazol-2(3 H)one σ receptor ligands. Med Chem Res 2020; 29:1697-1706. [PMID: 33584084 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02597-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work we report the structure-activity relationships, binding properties, and metabolic stability studies of a series of benzo[d]thiazol-2(3H)one as sigma receptors (σRs) ligands. Specifically, to improve the metabolic stability of the cyclic amine fragment of our lead compound (SN56), the metabolically unstable azepane ring was replaced with a 1-adatamantamine moiety. Within the synthesized analogs, compound 12 had low nanomolar affinity for the σ1R (K i = 7.2 nM) and moderate preference (61-fold) over the σ2R. In vitro metabolic stability studies showed a slight improvement of the metabolic stability for 7-12, even though an extensive metabolism in rat liver microsomes is being observed. Furthermore, metabolic soft spot identification of 12 suggested that the N-methyl group of the adamantyl moiety is a major site of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Intagliata
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA.,Department of BioMolecular Science, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Hebaalla Agha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Theresa A Kopajtic
- Psychobiology Section, Intramural Research Program, Department of Health and Human Services, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jonathan L Katz
- Psychobiology Section, Intramural Research Program, Department of Health and Human Services, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Shyam H Kamble
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Abhisheak Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Bonnie A Avery
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Christopher R McCurdy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA.,Department of BioMolecular Science, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
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32
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Yang AC, Stevens MY, Chen MB, Lee DP, Stähli D, Gate D, Contrepois K, Chen W, Iram T, Zhang L, Vest RT, Chaney A, Lehallier B, Olsson N, du Bois H, Hsieh R, Cropper HC, Berdnik D, Li L, Wang EY, Traber GM, Bertozzi CR, Luo J, Snyder MP, Elias JE, Quake SR, James ML, Wyss-Coray T. Physiological blood-brain transport is impaired with age by a shift in transcytosis. Nature 2020; 583:425-430. [PMID: 32612231 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The vascular interface of the brain, known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB), is understood to maintain brain function in part via its low transcellular permeability1-3. Yet, recent studies have demonstrated that brain ageing is sensitive to circulatory proteins4,5. Thus, it is unclear whether permeability to individually injected exogenous tracers-as is standard in BBB studies-fully represents blood-to-brain transport. Here we label hundreds of proteins constituting the mouse blood plasma proteome, and upon their systemic administration, study the BBB with its physiological ligand. We find that plasma proteins readily permeate the healthy brain parenchyma, with transport maintained by BBB-specific transcriptional programmes. Unlike IgG antibody, plasma protein uptake diminishes in the aged brain, driven by an age-related shift in transport from ligand-specific receptor-mediated to non-specific caveolar transcytosis. This age-related shift occurs alongside a specific loss of pericyte coverage. Pharmacological inhibition of the age-upregulated phosphatase ALPL, a predicted negative regulator of transport, enhances brain uptake of therapeutically relevant transferrin, transferrin receptor antibody and plasma. These findings reveal the extent of physiological protein transcytosis to the healthy brain, a mechanism of widespread BBB dysfunction with age and a strategy for enhanced drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marc Y Stevens
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michelle B Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Davis P Lee
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Stähli
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David Gate
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kévin Contrepois
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Winnie Chen
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tal Iram
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Ryan T Vest
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aisling Chaney
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benoit Lehallier
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Niclas Olsson
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Haley du Bois
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Hsieh
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Haley C Cropper
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Berdnik
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lulin Li
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Y Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gavin M Traber
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jian Luo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Veterans Administration Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Stephen R Quake
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michelle L James
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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33
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Lepelletier FX, Vandesquille M, Asselin MC, Prenant C, Robinson AC, Mann DMA, Green M, Barnett E, Banister SD, Mottinelli M, Mesangeau C, McCurdy CR, Fricke IB, Jacobs AH, Kassiou M, Boutin H. Evaluation of 18F-IAM6067 as a sigma-1 receptor PET tracer for neurodegeneration in vivo in rodents and in human tissue. Theranostics 2020; 10:7938-7955. [PMID: 32724451 PMCID: PMC7381740 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The sigma 1 receptor (S1R) is widely expressed in the CNS and is mainly located on the endoplasmic reticulum. The S1R is involved in the regulation of many neurotransmission systems and, indirectly, in neurodegenerative diseases. The S1R may therefore represent an interesting neuronal biomarker in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's (PD) or Alzheimer's diseases (AD). Here we present the characterisation of the S1R-specific 18F-labelled tracer 18F-IAM6067 in two animal models and in human brain tissue. Methods: Wistar rats were used for PET-CT imaging (60 min dynamic acquisition) and metabolite analysis (1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 60 min post-injection). To verify in vivo selectivity, haloperidol, BD1047 (S1R ligand), CM398 (S2R ligand) and SB206553 (5HT2B/C antagonist) were administrated for pre-saturation studies. Excitotoxic lesions induced by intra-striatal injection of AMPA were also imaged by 18F-IAM6067 PET-CT to test the sensitivity of the methods in a well-established model of neuronal loss. Tracer brain uptake was also verified by autoradiography in rats and in a mouse model of PD (intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) unilateral lesion). Finally, human cortical binding was investigated by autoradiography in three groups of subjects (control subjects with Braak ≤2, and AD patients, Braak >2 & ≤4 and Braak >4 stages). Results: We demonstrate that despite rapid peripheral metabolism of 18F-IAM6067, radiolabelled metabolites were hardly detected in brain samples. Brain uptake of 18F-IAM6067 showed differences in S1R anatomical distribution, namely from high to low uptake: pons-raphe, thalamus medio-dorsal, substantia nigra, hypothalamus, cerebellum, cortical areas and striatum. Pre-saturation studies showed 79-90% blockade of the binding in all areas of the brain indicated above except with the 5HT2B/C antagonist SB206553 and S2R ligand CM398 which induced no significant blockade, indicating good specificity of 18F-IAM6067 for S1Rs. No difference between ipsi- and contralateral sides of the brain in the mouse model of PD was detected. AMPA lesion induced a significant 69% decrease in 18F-IAM6067 uptake in the globus pallidus matching the neuronal loss as measured by NeuN, but only a trend to decrease (-16%) in the caudate putamen despite a significant 91% decrease in neuronal count. Moreover, no difference in the human cortical binding was shown between AD groups and controls. Conclusion: This work shows that 18F-IAM6067 is a specific and selective S1R radiotracer. The absence or small changes in S1R detected here in animal models and human tissue warrants further investigations and suggests that S1R might not be the anticipated ideal biomarker for neuronal loss in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Xavier Lepelletier
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Vandesquille
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Claude Asselin
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Prenant
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew C Robinson
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Clinical & Cognitive Neurosciences, Clinical Sciences Building, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - David M A Mann
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Clinical & Cognitive Neurosciences, Clinical Sciences Building, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Green
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Barnett
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marco Mottinelli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Christophe Mesangeau
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Christopher R McCurdy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- UF Translational Drug Development Core, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Inga B Fricke
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU), Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas H. Jacobs
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU), Münster, Germany
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, Johanniter Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hervé Boutin
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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34
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Jia H, Cai Z, Holden D, He Y, Lin SF, Li S, Baum E, Shirali A, Kapinos M, Gao H, Ropchan J, Huang Y. Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Evaluation of a Novel 18F-Labeled Sigma-1 Receptor Radioligand in Cynomolgus Monkeys. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1673-1681. [PMID: 32356969 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a convenient radiosynthesis and the first positron emission tomography (PET) imaging evaluation of [18F]FBFP as a potent sigma-1 (σ1) receptor radioligand with advantageous characteristics. [18F]FBFP was synthesized in one step from an iodonium ylide precursor. In cynomolgus monkeys, [18F]FBFP displayed high brain uptake and suitable tissue kinetics for quantitative analysis. It exhibited heterogeneous distribution with higher regional volume of distribution (VT) values in the amygdala, hippocampus, insula, and frontal cortex. Pretreatment with the σ1 receptor agonist SA4503 (0.5 mg/kg) significantly reduced radioligand uptake in the monkey brain (>95%), indicating high binding specificity of [18F]FBFP in vivo. Compared with (S)-[18F]fluspidine, [18F]FBFP possessed higher regional nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) values across the brain regions. These findings demonstrate that [18F]FBFP is a highly promising PET radioligand for imaging and quantification of σ1 receptors in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhengxin Cai
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Daniel Holden
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Yingfang He
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shu-Fei Lin
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Songye Li
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Evan Baum
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Anupama Shirali
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Michael Kapinos
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Hong Gao
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jim Ropchan
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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35
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Hong WC. Distinct Regulation of σ 1 Receptor Multimerization by Its Agonists and Antagonists in Transfected Cells and Rat Liver Membranes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 373:290-301. [PMID: 32060048 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.262790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive studies have shown that the σ 1 receptor (σ 1R) interacts with and modulates the activity of multiple proteins with important biological functions. Recent crystal structures of σ 1R as a homotrimer differ from a dimer-tetramer model postulated earlier. It remains inconclusive whether ligand binding regulates σ 1R oligomerization. Here, novel nondenaturing gel methods and mutational analysis were used to examine σ 1R oligomerization. In transfected cells, σ 1R exhibited as multimers, dimers, and monomers. Overall, σ 1R agonists decreased, whereas σ 1R antagonists increased σ 1R multimers, suggesting that agonists and antagonists differentially affect the stability of σ 1R multimers. Endogenous σ 1R in rat liver membranes also showed similar regulation of oligomerization as in cells. Mutations at key residues lining the trimerization interface (Arg119, Asp195, Phe191, Trp136, and Gly91) abolished multimerization without disrupting dimerization. Intriguingly, truncation of the N terminus reduced σ 1R to apparent monomer. These results demonstrate that multiple domains play crucial roles in coordinating high-order quaternary organization of σ 1R. The E102Q σ 1R mutant implicated in juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis formed dimers only, suggesting that dysregulation of σ 1R multimeric assembly may impair its function. Interestingly, oligomerization of σ 1R was pH-dependent and correlated with changes in [3H](+)-pentazocine binding affinity and Bmax Combined with mutational analysis, it is reasoned that σ 1R multimers possess high-affinity and high-capacity [3H](+)-pentazocine binding, whereas monomers likely lack binding. These results suggest that σ 1R may exist in interconvertible oligomeric states in a dynamic equilibrium. Further exploration of ligand-regulated σ 1R multimerization may provide novel approaches to modulate the function of σ 1R and its interacting proteins. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The σ 1 receptor (σ 1R) modulates the activities of various partner proteins. Recently, crystal structures of σ 1R were elucidated as homotrimers. This study used novel nondenaturing gel methods to examine σ1R oligomerization in transfected cells and rat liver membranes. Overall, agonist binding decreased, whereas antagonist binding increased σ 1R multimers, which comprised trimers and larger units. σ 1R multimers were shown to bind [3H](+)-pentazocine with high affinity and high capacity. Furthermore, mutational analysis revealed a crucial role of its N-terminal domain in σ 1R multimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Conrad Hong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Gangangari KK, Váradi A, Majumdar S, Larson SM, Pasternak GW, Pillarsetty NK. Imaging Sigma-1 Receptor (S1R) Expression Using Iodine-124-Labeled 1-(4-Iodophenyl)-3-(2-adamantyl)guanidine ([ 124I]IPAG). Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 22:358-366. [PMID: 31165385 PMCID: PMC6893110 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sigma-1 receptors (S1Rs) are overexpressed in almost all human cancers, especially in breast cancers. 1-(4-Iodophenyl)-3-(2-adamantyl)guanidine (IPAG) is a validated high-affinity S1R antagonist. The objective of the current study is to evaluate the potential of iodine-124-labeled IPAG ([124I]IPAG) to image S1R-overexpressing tumors. PROCEDURES [124I]IPAG was synthesized from a tributyltin precursor dissolved in ethanol using chloramine-T as oxidant. Purity was analyzed using HPLC. In vitro and in vivo studies were performed using the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Competitive inhibition studies were performed using haloperidol and cold IPAG. Tumors were established in athymic nude mice by injecting 107 cells subcutaneously. Mice were imaged on micro-positron emission tomography (PET) at 4, 24, 48, 72, and 144 h post i.v. injection. Biodistribution studies were performed at same time points. In vivo tracer dilution studies were performed using excess of IPAG and haloperidol. The efficacy of [124I]IPAG to image tumors was evaluated in LNCaP tumor-bearing mice as well. RESULTS [124I]IPAG was synthesized in quantitative yield and in vitro studies indicated that [124I]IPAG binding was specific to S1R. PET imaging studies in MCF7 tumor-bearing mice reveal that [124I]IPAG accumulates in tumor and is preferentially retained while clearing from non-target organs. The tumor to background increases with time, and tumors could be clearly visualized starting from 24 h post administration. Similar results were obtained in mice bearing LNCaP tumors. In vivo tracer dilution studies showed that the uptake of [124I]IPAG could be competitively inhibited by excess of IPAG and haloperidol. CONCLUSIONS [124I]IPAG was synthesized successfully in high yields, and in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate specificity of [124I]IPAG. [124I]IPAG shows specific accumulation in tumors with increasing tumor to background ratio at later time points and therefore has high potential for imaging S1R-overexpressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore K Gangangari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Ph.D Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - András Váradi
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Department of Neurology, MSKCC, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susruta Majumdar
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Department of Neurology, MSKCC, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St. Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven M Larson
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Department of Neurology, MSKCC, New York, NY, USA
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, MSKCC, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gavril W Pasternak
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Department of Neurology, MSKCC, New York, NY, USA
| | - NagaVara Kishore Pillarsetty
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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Henry KE, Chaney AM, Nagle VL, Cropper HC, Mozaffari S, Slaybaugh G, Parang K, Andreev OA, Reshetnyak YK, James ML, Lewis JS. Demarcation of Sepsis-Induced Peripheral and Central Acidosis with pH (Low) Insertion Cycle Peptide. J Nucl Med 2020; 61:1361-1368. [PMID: 32005774 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.233072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acidosis is a key driver for many diseases, including cancer, sepsis, and stroke. The spatiotemporal dynamics of dysregulated pH across disease remain elusive, and current diagnostic strategies do not provide localization of pH alterations. We sought to explore if PET imaging using hydrophobic cyclic peptides that partition into the cellular membrane at low extracellular pH (denoted as pH [low] insertion cycles, or pHLIC) can permit accurate in vivo visualization of acidosis. Methods: Acid-sensitive cyclic peptide c[E4W5C] pHLIC was conjugated to bifunctional maleimide-NO2A and radiolabeled with 64Cu (half-life, 12.7 h). C57BL/6J mice were administered lipopolysaccharide (15 mg/kg) or saline (vehicle) and serially imaged with [64Cu]Cu-c[E4W5C] over 24 h. Ex vivo autoradiography was performed on resected brain slices and subsequently stained with cresyl violet to enable high-resolution spatial analysis of tracer accumulation. A non-pH-sensitive cell-penetrating control peptide (c[R4W5C]) was used to confirm specificity of [64Cu]Cu-c[E4W5C]. CD11b (macrophage/microglia) and TMEM119 (microglia) immunostaining was performed to correlate extent of neuroinflammation with [64Cu]Cu-c[E4W5C] PET signal. Results: [64Cu]Cu-c[E4W5C] radiochemical yield and purity were more than 95% and more than 99%, respectively, with molar activity of more than 0.925 MBq/nmol. Significantly increased [64Cu]Cu-c[E4W5C] uptake was observed in lipopolysaccharide-treated mice (vs. vehicle) within peripheral tissues, including blood, lungs, liver, and small intestines (P < 0.001-0.05). Additionally, there was significantly increased [64Cu]Cu-c[E4W5C] uptake in the brains of lipopolysaccharide-treated animals. Autoradiography confirmed increased uptake in the cerebellum, cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and hypothalamus of lipopolysaccharide-treated mice (vs. vehicle). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed microglial or macrophage infiltration, suggesting activation in brain regions containing increased tracer uptake. [64Cu]Cu-c[R4W5C] demonstrated significantly reduced uptake in the brain and periphery of lipopolysaccharide mice compared with the acid-mediated [64Cu]Cu-c[E4W5C] tracer. Conclusion: Here, we demonstrate that a pH-sensitive PET tracer specifically detects acidosis in regions associated with sepsis-driven proinflammatory responses. This study suggests that [64Cu]Cu-pHLIC is a valuable tool to noninvasively assess acidosis associated with both central and peripheral innate immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Henry
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Aisling M Chaney
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Veronica L Nagle
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Departments of Pharmacology and Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Haley C Cropper
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Saghar Mozaffari
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California
| | - Gregory Slaybaugh
- Department of Physics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Keykavous Parang
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California
| | - Oleg A Andreev
- Department of Physics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Yana K Reshetnyak
- Department of Physics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Michelle L James
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York .,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Departments of Pharmacology and Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Drake LR, Hillmer AT, Cai Z. Approaches to PET Imaging of Glioblastoma. Molecules 2020; 25:E568. [PMID: 32012954 PMCID: PMC7037643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the deadliest type of brain tumor, affecting approximately three in 100,000 adults annually. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging provides an important non-invasive method of measuring biochemically specific targets at GBM lesions. These powerful data can characterize tumors, predict treatment effectiveness, and monitor treatment. This review will discuss the PET imaging agents that have already been evaluated in GBM patients so far, and new imaging targets with promise for future use. Previously used PET imaging agents include the tracers for markers of proliferation ([11C]methionine; [18F]fluoro-ethyl-L-tyrosine, [18F]Fluorodopa,[18F]fluoro-thymidine, and [18F]clofarabine), hypoxia sensing ([18F]FMISO, [18F]FET-NIM, [18F]EF5, [18F]HX4, and [64Cu]ATSM), and ligands for inflammation. As cancer therapeutics evolve toward personalized medicine and therapies centered on tumor biomarkers, the development of complimentary selective PET agents can dramatically enhance these efforts. Newer biomarkers for GBM PET imaging are discussed, with some already in use for PET imaging other cancers and neurological disorders. These targets include Sigma 1, Sigma 2, programmed death ligand 1, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase. For GBM, these imaging agents come with additional considerations such as blood-brain barrier penetration, quantitative modeling approaches, and nonspecific binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey R. Drake
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; (A.T.H.); (Z.C.)
- Department of Radiology and Bioimaging Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Ansel T. Hillmer
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; (A.T.H.); (Z.C.)
- Department of Radiology and Bioimaging Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Zhengxin Cai
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; (A.T.H.); (Z.C.)
- Department of Radiology and Bioimaging Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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Cai L, Liow JS, Morse CL, Telu S, Davies R, Frankland MP, Zoghbi SS, Cheng K, Hall MD, Innis RB, Pike VW. Evaluation of 11C-NR2B-SMe and Its Enantiomers as PET Radioligands for Imaging the NR2B Subunit Within the NMDA Receptor Complex in Rats. J Nucl Med 2020; 61:1212-1220. [PMID: 31924728 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.235143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
[S-methyl-11C](±)-7-methoxy-3-(4-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)butyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[d]azepin-1-ol (11C-NR2B-SMe) and its enantiomers were synthesized as candidates for imaging the NR2B subunit within the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor with PET. Methods: Brains were scanned with PET for 90 min after intravenous injection of one of the candidate radioligands into rats. To detect any NR2B-specific binding of radioligand in brain, various preblocking or displacing agents were evaluated for their impact on the PET brain imaging data. Radiometabolites from brain and other tissues were measured ex vivo and in vitro. Results: Each radioligand gave high early whole-brain uptake of radioactivity, followed by a brief fast decline and then a slow final decline. 11C-(S)-NR2B-SMe was studied extensively. Ex vivo measurements showed that radioactivity in rat brain at 30 min after radioligand injection was virtually unchanged radioligand. Only less lipophilic radiometabolites appeared in plasma. High-affinity NR2B ligands, Ro-25-6981, ifenprodil, and CO101244, showed increasing preblocking of whole-brain radioactivity retention with increasing dose (0.01-3.00 mg/kg, intravenously). Five σ1 antagonists (FTC146, BD1407, F3, F4, and NE100) and 4 σ1 agonists ((+)-pentazocine, (±)-PPCC, PRE-084, and (+)-SKF10047) were ineffective preblocking agents, except FTC146 and F4 at a high dose. Two potent σ1 receptor agonists, TC1 and SA4503, showed dose-dependent preblocking effects in the presence or absence of pharmacologic σ1 receptor blockade with FTC146. Conclusion: 11C-(S)-NR2B-SMe has adequate NR2B-specific PET signal in rat brain to warrant further evaluation in higher species. TC1 and SA4503 likely have off-target binding to NR2B in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Cai
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Jeih-San Liow
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Cheryl L Morse
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Sanjay Telu
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Riley Davies
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Michael P Frankland
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Sami S Zoghbi
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Ken Cheng
- NCATS Chemical Genomics Center, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Matthew D Hall
- NCATS Chemical Genomics Center, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Robert B Innis
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Victor W Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
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Lan Y, Bai P, Chen Z, Neelamegam R, Placzek MS, Wang H, Fiedler SA, Yang J, Yuan G, Qu X, Schmidt HR, Song J, Normandin MD, Ran C, Wang C. Novel radioligands for imaging sigma-1 receptor in brain using positron emission tomography (PET). Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:1204-1215. [PMID: 31867166 PMCID: PMC6900558 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The sigma-1 receptor (σ 1R) is a unique intracellular protein. σ 1R plays a major role in various pathological conditions in the central nervous system (CNS), implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders. Imaging of σ 1R in the brain using positron emission tomography (PET) could serve as a noninvasively tool for enhancing the understanding of the disease's pathophysiology. Moreover, σ 1R PET tracers can be used for target validation and quantification in diagnosis. Herein, we describe the radiosynthesis, in vivo PET/CT imaging of novel σ 1R 11C-labeled radioligands based on 6-hydroxypyridazinone, [11C]HCC0923 and [11C]HCC0929. Two radioligands have high affinities to σ 1R, with good selectivity. In mice PET/CT imaging, both radioligands showed appropriate kinetics and distributions. Additionally, the specific interactions of two radioligands were reduced by compounds 13 and 15 (self-blocking). Of the two, [11C]HCC0929 was further investigated in positive ligands blocking studies, using classic σ 1R agonist SA 4503 and σ 1R antagonist PD 144418. Both σ 1R ligands could extensively decreased the uptake of [11C]HCC0929 in mice brain. Besides, the biodistribution of major brain regions and organs of mice were determined in vivo. These studies demonstrated that two radioligands, especially [11C]HCC0929, possessed ideal imaging properties and might be valuable tools for non-invasive quantification of σ 1R in brain.
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Key Words
- 11C-labeled radioligand
- 3D, three-dimensional
- 6-Hydroxypyridazinone
- AF, ammonium formate
- BBB, brain blood barrier
- BP, binding potential
- Brain imaging
- CNS, center nervous systems
- CRPS, complex regional pain syndrome
- DMF, dimethyl formamide
- DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- LCP, lipidic cubic phase
- MAM, mitochondria-associated ER membrane
- PCP, phencyclidine
- PET
- PET, positron emission tomography
- TFA, trifluoroacetic acid
- σ1R
- σ1R, sigma-1 receptor
- σ2R, sigma-2 receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Ping Bai
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Zude Chen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ramesh Neelamegam
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Michael S. Placzek
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Fiedler
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Gengyang Yuan
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Xiying Qu
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Hayden R. Schmidt
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jinchun Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Marc D. Normandin
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Chongzhao Ran
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Changning Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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Cirino TJ, Eans SO, Medina JM, Wilson LL, Mottinelli M, Intagliata S, McCurdy CR, McLaughlin JP. Characterization of Sigma 1 Receptor Antagonist CM-304 and Its Analog, AZ-66: Novel Therapeutics Against Allodynia and Induced Pain. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:678. [PMID: 31258480 PMCID: PMC6586922 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptors (S1R) and sigma-2 receptors (S2R) may modulate nociception without the liabilities of opioids, offering a promising therapeutic target to treat pain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vivo analgesic and anti-allodynic activity of two novel sigma receptor antagonists, the S1R-selective CM-304 and its analog the non-selective S1R/S2R antagonist AZ-66. Inhibition of thermal, induced chemical or inflammatory pain, as well as the allodynia resulting from chronic nerve constriction injury (CCI) and cisplatin exposure as models of neuropathic pain were assessed in male mice. Both sigma receptor antagonists dose-dependently (10–45 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced allodynia in the CCI and cisplatin neuropathic pain models, equivalent at the higher dose to the effect of the control analgesic gabapentin (50 mg/kg, i.p.), although AZ-66 demonstrated a much longer duration of action. Both CM-304 and AZ-66 produced antinociception in the writhing test [0.48 (0.09–1.82) and 2.31 (1.02–4.81) mg/kg, i.p., respectively] equivalent to morphine [1.75 (0.31–7.55) mg/kg, i.p.]. Likewise, pretreatment (i.p.) with either sigma-receptor antagonist dose-dependently produced antinociception in the formalin paw assay of inflammatory pain. However, CM-304 [17.5 (12.7–25.2) mg/kg, i.p.) and AZ-66 [11.6 (8.29–15.6) mg/kg, i.p.) were less efficacious than morphine [3.87 (2.85–5.18) mg/kg, i.p.] in the 55°C warm-water tail-withdrawal assay. While AZ-66 exhibited modest sedative effects in a rotarod assay and conditioned place aversion, CM-304 did not produce significant effects in the place conditioning assay. Overall, these results demonstrate the S1R selective antagonist CM-304 produces antinociception and anti-allodynia with fewer liabilities than established therapeutics, supporting the use of S1R antagonists as potential treatments for chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Cirino
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Shainnel O Eans
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jessica M Medina
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Lisa L Wilson
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Marco Mottinelli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sebastiano Intagliata
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Christopher R McCurdy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jay P McLaughlin
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Romeo G, Prezzavento O, Intagliata S, Pittalà V, Modica MN, Marrazzo A, Turnaturi R, Parenti C, Chiechio S, Arena E, Campisi A, Sposito G, Salerno L. Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo characterization of new benzoxazole and benzothiazole-based sigma receptor ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 174:226-235. [PMID: 31042618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A new set of 5-chlorobenzoxazole- and 5-chlorobenzothiazole-based derivatives containing the azepane ring as a basic moiety was designed, synthesized and evaluated through binding assays to measure their affinity and selectivity towards σ1 and σ2 receptors. Compounds 19, 22 and 24, with a four units spacer between the bicyclic scaffold and the azepane ring, showed nanomolar affinity towards both receptor subtype and the best Ki values (Ki σ1 = 1.27, 2.30, and 0.78 and Ki σ2 = 7.9, 3.8, and 7.61 nM, respectively). Evaluation of cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in MCF-7 human cancer cells was useful to assess σ2 receptor activity, while an in vivo mice model of inflammatory pain allowed to analyze σ1 receptor pharmacological properties. In vitro and in vivo results suggested that compound 19 is a σ1/σ2 agonist, compound 24 a σ1 antagonist/σ2 agonist, whereas compound 22 might act as σ1 antagonist/σ2 partial agonist. Due to their pharmacological profile, a potential therapeutic application in cancer of aforesaid novel σ1/σ2 receptor ligands, especially 22 and 24, is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Romeo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Orazio Prezzavento
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Intagliata
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - Valeria Pittalà
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria N Modica
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Agostino Marrazzo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Rita Turnaturi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Carmela Parenti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Santina Chiechio
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy; Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Arena
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Agata Campisi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sposito
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Loredana Salerno
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
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Simmons DA, James ML, Belichenko NP, Semaan S, Condon C, Kuan J, Shuhendler AJ, Miao Z, Chin FT, Longo FM. TSPO-PET imaging using [18F]PBR06 is a potential translatable biomarker for treatment response in Huntington's disease: preclinical evidence with the p75NTR ligand LM11A-31. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:2893-2912. [PMID: 29860333 PMCID: PMC6077813 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder that has no cure. HD therapeutic development would benefit from a non-invasive translatable biomarker to track disease progression and treatment response. A potential biomarker is using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with a translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) radiotracer to detect microglial activation, a key contributor to HD pathogenesis. The ability of TSPO-PET to identify microglial activation in HD mouse models, essential for a translatable biomarker, or therapeutic efficacy in HD patients or mice is unknown. Thus, this study assessed the feasibility of utilizing PET imaging with the TSPO tracer, [18F]PBR06, to detect activated microglia in two HD mouse models and to monitor response to treatment with LM11A-31, a p75NTR ligand known to reduce neuroinflammation in HD mice. [18F]PBR06-PET detected microglial activation in striatum, cortex and hippocampus of vehicle-treated R6/2 mice at a late disease stage and, notably, also in early and mid-stage symptomatic BACHD mice. After oral administration of LM11A-31 to R6/2 and BACHD mice, [18F]PBR06-PET discerned the reductive effects of LM11A-31 on neuroinflammation in both HD mouse models. [18F]PBR06-PET signal had a spatial distribution similar to ex vivo brain autoradiography and correlated with microglial activation markers: increased IBA-1 and TSPO immunostaining/blotting and striatal levels of cytokines IL-6 and TNFα. These results suggest that [18F]PBR06-PET is a useful surrogate marker of therapeutic efficacy in HD mice with high potential as a translatable biomarker for preclinical and clinical HD trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Simmons
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michelle L James
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nadia P Belichenko
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Semaan
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christina Condon
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jason Kuan
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Adam J Shuhendler
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zheng Miao
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Frederick T Chin
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Frank M Longo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Bhyrapuneni G, Thentu JB, Mohammed AR, Aleti RR, Padala NP, Ajjala DR, Nirogi R. Assessment of sigma-1 receptor occupancy in mice with non-radiolabelled FTC-146 as a tracer. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2018; 38:290-298. [PMID: 29912606 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2018.1478855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is advantageous in in-vivo receptor occupancy assays at pre-clinical drug developmental stages. Relatively, its application is effective in terms of high throughput, data reproducibility, sensitivity, and sample processing. In this perspective, we have evaluated the use of FTC-146 as a non-radiolabelled tracer to determine the sigma-1 receptor occupancy of test drugs in mice brain. Further, the brain and plasma exposures of test drug were determined at their corresponding occupancies. In this occupancy method, the optimized tracer treatment (sacrification) time after intravenous administration was 30 min. The tracer dose was 3 µg/kg and specific brain regions of interest were frontal cortex, pons and midbrain. Mice were pretreated orally with SA4503, fluspidine, haloperidol, and donepezil followed by tracer treatment. Among the test drugs, SA4503 was used as positive control group at its highest test dose (7 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). There was a dose-dependent decrease in brain regional FTC-146 binding in pretreated mice. From the occupancy curves of SA4503, fluspidine, haloperidol, and donepezil the effective dose (ED50) value ranges are 0.74-1.45, 0.09-0.11, 0.11-0.12, and 0.07-0.09 mg/kg, respectively. Their corresponding brain effective concentration (EC50) values are 74.3-132.5, 3.4-3.7, 122.5-139.5, and 8.8-11.0 ng/g and plasma EC50 values are 34.3-53.7, 0.08-0.10, 7.8-9.5, and 0.6-0.7 ng/mL. Brain regional distribution and binding inhibition upon pretreatment were comparable with data reported with labeled [18F]FTC-146. Drug exposures were simultaneously determined and correlated with sigma-1 occupancy from the same experiment. Wide category drugs can be assayed for sigma-1 receptor engagement and their correlation with exposures aid in clinical development.
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Shen B, Park JH, Hjørnevik T, Cipriano PW, Yoon D, Gulaka PK, Holly D, Behera D, Avery BA, Gambhir SS, McCurdy CR, Biswal S, Chin FT. Radiosynthesis and First-In-Human PET/MRI Evaluation with Clinical-Grade [ 18F]FTC-146. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 19:779-786. [PMID: 28280965 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1064-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sigma-1 receptors (S1Rs) play an important role in many neurological disorders. Simultaneous positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with S1R radioligands may provide valuable information for diagnosing and guiding treatment for these diseases. Our previously reported S1R radioligand, [18F]FTC-146, demonstrated high affinity for the S1R (K i = 0.0025 nM) and excellent selectivity for the S1R over the sigma-2 receptor (S2Rs; K i = 364 nM) across several species (from mouse to non-human primate). Herein, we report the clinical-grade radiochemistry filed with exploratory Investigational New Drug (eIND) and first-in-human PET/MRI evaluation of [18F]FTC-146. PROCEDURES [18F]FTC-146 is prepared via a direct [18F] fluoride nucleophilic radiolabeling reaction and formulated in 0.9 % NaCl containing no more than 10 % ethanol through sterile filtration. Quality control (QC) was performed based on USP 823 before doses were released for clinical use. The safety and whole body biodistribution of [18F]FTC-146 were evaluated using a simultaneous PET/MR scanner in two representative healthy human subjects. RESULTS [18F]FTC-146 was synthesized with a radiochemical yield of 3.3 ± 0.7 % and specific radioactivity of 8.3 ± 3.3 Ci/μmol (n = 10, decay corrected to EOB). Both radiochemical and chemical purities were >95 %; the prepared doses were stable for 4 h at ambient temperature. All QC test results met specified clinical criteria. The in vivo PET/MRI investigations showed that [18F]FTC-146 rapidly crossed the blood brain barrier and accumulated in S1R-rich regions of the brain. There were also radioactivity distributed in the peripheral organs, i.e., the lungs, spleen, pancreas, and thyroid. Furthermore, insignificant uptake of [18F]FTC-146 was observed in cortical bone and muscle. CONCLUSION A reliable and automated radiosynthesis for providing routine clinical-grade [18F]FTC-146 for human studies was established in a modified GE TRACERlab FXFN. PET/MRI demonstrated the initial tracer biodistribution in humans, and clinical studies investigating different S1R-related diseases are in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Shen
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Departments of Radiology and Bioengineering, Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, PS049, Stanford, CA, 94305-5484, USA
| | - Jun Hyung Park
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Departments of Radiology and Bioengineering, Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, PS049, Stanford, CA, 94305-5484, USA
| | - Trine Hjørnevik
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Departments of Radiology and Bioengineering, Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, PS049, Stanford, CA, 94305-5484, USA.,Department of Diagnostic Physics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,The Norwegian Medical Cyclotron Centre, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter W Cipriano
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Departments of Radiology and Bioengineering, Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, PS049, Stanford, CA, 94305-5484, USA
| | - Daehyun Yoon
- Radiological Sciences Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Praveen K Gulaka
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Departments of Radiology and Bioengineering, Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, PS049, Stanford, CA, 94305-5484, USA
| | - Dawn Holly
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Departments of Radiology and Bioengineering, Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, PS049, Stanford, CA, 94305-5484, USA
| | - Deepak Behera
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Departments of Radiology and Bioengineering, Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, PS049, Stanford, CA, 94305-5484, USA
| | - Bonnie A Avery
- Department of Pharmaceutics, P1-27, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Departments of Radiology and Bioengineering, Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, PS049, Stanford, CA, 94305-5484, USA
| | - Christopher R McCurdy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sandip Biswal
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive S-068B, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Frederick T Chin
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Departments of Radiology and Bioengineering, Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, PS049, Stanford, CA, 94305-5484, USA.
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Spinelli F, Haider A, Toscano A, Pati ML, Keller C, Berardi F, Colabufo NA, Abate C, Ametamey SM. Synthesis, radiolabelling, and evaluation of [ 11C]PB212 as a radioligand for imaging sigma-1 receptors using PET. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 8:32-40. [PMID: 29531859 PMCID: PMC5840321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The Sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) has been described as a pluripotent modulator of distinct physiological functions and its involvement in various central and peripheral pathological disorders has been demonstrated. However, further investigations are required to understand the complex role of the Sig-1R as a molecular chaperon. A specific PET radioligand would provide a powerful tool in Sig-1R related studies. As part of our efforts to develop a Sig-1R PET radioligand that shows antagonistic properties, we investigated the suitability of 1-(4-(6-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)butyl)-4-methylpiperidine (designated PB212) for imaging Sig-1R. PB212 is a Sig-1R antagonist and exhibits subnanomolar affinity (Ki = 0.030 nM) towards Sig-1R as well as good to excellent selectivity over Sig-2R. The radiolabelling of [11C]PB212 was accomplished by O-methylation of the phenolic precursor using [11C]MeI. In vitro autoradiography with [11C]PB212 on WT and Sig-1R KO mouse brain tissues revealed high non-specific binding, however using rat spleen tissues from CD1 mice and Wistar rats, high specific binding was observed. The spleen is known to have a high expression of Sig-1R. In vivo PET experiments in Wistar rats also showed high accumulation of [11C]PB212 in the spleen. Injection of Sig-1R binding compounds, haloperidol (1 mg/kg) or fluspidine (1 mg/kg) shortly before [11C]PB212 administration induced a drastic reduction of radiotracer accumulation, confirming the specificity of [11C]PB212 towards Sig-1R in the spleen. The results obtained herein indicate that although [11C]PB212 is not suitable for imaging Sig-1R in the brain, it is a promising candidate for the detection and quantification of Sig-1Rs in the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Spinelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro70125, Bari, Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences of ETH-PSI-USZ, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH ZurichCH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences of ETH-PSI-USZ, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH ZurichCH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annamaria Toscano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Pati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Keller
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences of ETH-PSI-USZ, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH ZurichCH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Berardi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Antonio Colabufo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Simon M Ametamey
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences of ETH-PSI-USZ, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH ZurichCH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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Hjørnevik T, Cipriano PW, Shen B, Park JH, Gulaka P, Holley D, Gandhi H, Yoon D, Mittra ES, Zaharchuk G, Gambhir SS, McCurdy CR, Chin FT, Biswal S. Biodistribution and Radiation Dosimetry of 18F-FTC-146 in Humans. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:2004-2009. [PMID: 28572487 PMCID: PMC6944163 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.192641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess safety, biodistribution, and radiation dosimetry in humans for the highly selective σ-1 receptor PET agent 18F-6-(3-fluoropropyl)-3-(2-(azepan-1-yl)ethyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2(3H)-one (18F-FTC-146). Methods: Ten healthy volunteers (5 women, 5 men; age ± SD, 34.3 ± 6.5 y) were recruited, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Series of whole-body PET/MRI examinations were acquired for up to 3 h after injection (357.2 ± 48.8 MBq). Blood samples were collected, and standard vital signs (heart rate, pulse oximetry, and body temperature) were monitored at regular intervals. Regions of interest were delineated, time-activity curves were calculated, and organ uptake and dosimetry were estimated. Results: All subjects tolerated the PET/MRI examination well, and no adverse reactions to 18F-FTC-146 were reported. High accumulation of 18F-FTC-146 was observed in σ-1 receptor-dense organs such as the pancreas and spleen, moderate uptake in the brain and myocardium, and low uptake in bone and muscle. High uptake was also observed in the kidneys and bladder, indicating renal tracer clearance. The effective dose of 18F-FTC-146 was 0.0259 ± 0.0034 mSv/MBq (range, 0.0215-0.0301 mSv/MBq). Conclusion: First-in-human studies with clinical-grade 18F-FTC-146 were successful. Injection of 18F-FTC-146 is safe, and absorbed doses are acceptable. The potential of 18F-FTC-146 as an imaging agent for a variety of neuroinflammatory diseases is currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Hjørnevik
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Department of Diagnostic Physics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian Medical Cyclotron Centre, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter W Cipriano
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Bin Shen
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Jun Hyung Park
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Praveen Gulaka
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Dawn Holley
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Harsh Gandhi
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Daehyun Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Erik S Mittra
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Greg Zaharchuk
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Christopher R McCurdy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
- UF Translational Drug Development Core, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Frederick T Chin
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Sandip Biswal
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Production of diverse PET probes with limited resources: 24 18F-labeled compounds prepared with a single radiosynthesizer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:11309-11314. [PMID: 29073049 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1710466114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
New radiolabeled probes for positron-emission tomography (PET) are providing an ever-increasing ability to answer diverse research and clinical questions and to facilitate the discovery, development, and clinical use of drugs in patient care. Despite the high equipment and facility costs to produce PET probes, many radiopharmacies and radiochemistry laboratories use a dedicated radiosynthesizer to produce each probe, even if the equipment is idle much of the time, to avoid the challenges of reconfiguring the system fluidics to switch from one probe to another. To meet growing demand, more cost-efficient approaches are being developed, such as radiosynthesizers based on disposable "cassettes," that do not require reconfiguration to switch among probes. However, most cassette-based systems make sacrifices in synthesis complexity or tolerated reaction conditions, and some do not support custom programming, thereby limiting their generality. In contrast, the design of the ELIXYS FLEX/CHEM cassette-based synthesizer supports higher temperatures and pressures than other systems while also facilitating flexible synthesis development. In this paper, the syntheses of 24 known PET probes are adapted to this system to explore the possibility of using a single radiosynthesizer and hot cell for production of a diverse array of compounds with wide-ranging synthesis requirements, alongside synthesis development efforts. Most probes were produced with yields and synthesis times comparable to literature reports, and because hardware modification was unnecessary, it was convenient to frequently switch among probes based on demand. Although our facility supplies probes for preclinical imaging, the same workflow would be applicable in a clinical setting.
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49
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Avery BA, Vuppala PK, Jamalapuram S, Sharma A, Mesangeau C, Chin FT, McCurdy CR. Quantification of highly selective sigma-1 receptor antagonist CM304 using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a pre-clinical pharmacokinetic study. Drug Test Anal 2017; 9:1236-1242. [PMID: 28039926 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for quantification of CM304, a novel and highly selective sigma-1 receptor antagonist that has recently entered into human clinical trials. A structural analogue of CM304, SN56, was used as the internal standard (IS). Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Acquity UPLC™ BEH C18 (1.7 μm, 2.1 mm × 50 mm) column using a mobile phase [water:methanol (0.1%v/v formic acid; 50:50, %v/v)] at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. Mass spectrometric detection was performed in the positive ionization mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) using m/z transitions of 337 > 238 for CM304 and 319 > 220 for the IS. The method was found to be linear and reproducible with a regression coefficient consistently >0.99 for the calibration range of 3 to 3000 ng/mL. The extraction recovery ranged from 91.5 to 98.4% from spiked (7.5, 300 and 2526 ng/mL) plasma quality control samples. The precision (%RSD; 1.1 to 2.9%) and accuracy (%RE; -1.9 to 1.8%) were within acceptable limit. The validated method was successfully applied to a single dose oral and intravenous (I.V.) pharmacokinetic study of CM304 in rats. Following I.V. administration, the compound exhibited adequate exposure along with high extravascular distribution and insignificant amount of extra hepatic metabolism. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie A Avery
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Pradeep K Vuppala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Seshulatha Jamalapuram
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Abhisheak Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Christophe Mesangeau
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Frederick T Chin
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Christopher R McCurdy
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
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50
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Shen B, Behera D, James ML, Reyes ST, Andrews L, Cipriano PW, Klukinov M, Lutz AB, Mavlyutov T, Rosenberg J, Ruoho AE, McCurdy CR, Gambhir SS, Yeomans DC, Biswal S, Chin FT. Visualizing Nerve Injury in a Neuropathic Pain Model with [ 18F]FTC-146 PET/MRI. Theranostics 2017; 7:2794-2805. [PMID: 28824716 PMCID: PMC5562216 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to locate nerve injury and ensuing neuroinflammation would have tremendous clinical value for improving both the diagnosis and subsequent management of patients suffering from pain, weakness, and other neurologic phenomena associated with peripheral nerve injury. Although several non-invasive techniques exist for assessing the clinical manifestations and morphological aspects of nerve injury, they often fail to provide accurate diagnoses due to limited specificity and/or sensitivity. Herein, we describe a new imaging strategy for visualizing a molecular biomarker of nerve injury/neuroinflammation, i.e., the sigma-1 receptor (S1R), in a rat model of nerve injury and neuropathic pain. The two-fold higher increase of S1Rs was shown in the injured compared to the uninjured nerve by Western blotting analyses. With our novel S1R-selective radioligand, [18F]FTC-146 (6-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-3-(2-(azepan-1-yl)ethyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2(3H)-one), and positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI), we could accurately locate the site of nerve injury created in the rat model. We verified the accuracy of this technique by ex vivo autoradiography and immunostaining, which demonstrated a strong correlation between accumulation of [18F]FTC-146 and S1R staining. Finally, pain relief could also be achieved by blocking S1Rs in the neuroma with local administration of non-radioactive [19F]FTC-146. In summary, [18F]FTC-146 S1R PET/MR imaging has the potential to impact how we diagnose, manage and treat patients with nerve injury, and thus warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Shen
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Deepak Behera
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michelle L. James
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Samantha T. Reyes
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lauren Andrews
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Peter W. Cipriano
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael Klukinov
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Amanda Brosius Lutz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Timur Mavlyutov
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Jarrett Rosenberg
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Arnold E. Ruoho
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Christopher R. McCurdy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sanjiv S. Gambhir
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Departments of Bioengineering and Materials Sciences & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David C. Yeomans
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sandip Biswal
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Frederick T. Chin
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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