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Onuzulu CD, Lee S, Basu S, Comte J, Hai Y, Hizon N, Chadha S, Fauni MS, Halayko AJ, Pascoe CD, Jones MJ. Novel DNA methylation changes in mouse lungs associated with chronic smoking. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2322386. [PMID: 38436597 PMCID: PMC10913724 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2322386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Smoking is a potent cause of asthma exacerbations, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and many other health defects, and changes in DNA methylation (DNAm) have been identified as a potential link between smoking and these health outcomes. However, most studies of smoking and DNAm have been done using blood and other easily accessible tissues in humans, while evidence from more directly affected tissues such as the lungs is lacking. Here, we identified DNAm patterns in the lungs that are altered by smoking. We used an established mouse model to measure the effects of chronic smoke exposure first on lung phenotype immediately after smoking and then after a period of smoking cessation. Next, we determined whether our mouse model recapitulates previous DNAm patterns observed in smoking humans, specifically measuring DNAm at a candidate gene responsive to cigarette smoke, Cyp1a1. Finally, we carried out epigenome-wide DNAm analyses using the newly released Illumina mouse methylation microarrays. Our results recapitulate some of the phenotypes and DNAm patterns observed in human studies but reveal 32 differentially methylated genes specific to the lungs which have not been previously associated with smoking. The affected genes are associated with nicotine dependency, tumorigenesis and metastasis, immune cell dysfunction, lung function decline, and COPD. This research emphasizes the need to study CS-mediated DNAm signatures in directly affected tissues like the lungs, to fully understand mechanisms underlying CS-mediated health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinonye Doris Onuzulu
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Samantha Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sujata Basu
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jeannette Comte
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Yan Hai
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nikho Hizon
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shivam Chadha
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Maria Shenna Fauni
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Halayko
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Christopher D. Pascoe
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Meaghan J. Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Meyer Z, Unger JB, Zheng Y. Gene-environment transactions between peer cigarette use, parental supervision, and Chinese adolescent cigarette smoking initiation. J Adolesc 2024; 96:1034-1047. [PMID: 38445782 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The initiation and continued use of tobacco products constitute an ongoing source of preventable disease that continues to pose a significant risk to global adolescent health. Scarce research has sought to explore the influences of two well-known environmental risk factors, parental supervision and peer cigarette use, on genetic and environmental contributions to adolescent cigarette use, especially in non-Western populations. METHODS Following 602 Chinese twin pairs (52% female, N = 1204) from early to middle adolescence at two-time points (Mage = 12 and 15) from 2006 to 2009 and using multivariate biometric modeling, this study examined gene-environment interplay (i.e., gene-environment correlation and interaction) between perceived parental supervision, peer cigarette use, and adolescent cigarette smoking initiation. RESULTS From early to middle adolescence, genetic influences on cigarette smoking initiation became more pronounced, whereas shared environmental influences that promote similarity between family members diminished. Genetic factors primarily explained the links between parental supervision and cigarette smoking initiation in mid-adolescence. Peer cigarette use displayed stronger associations with and moderating potential in adolescent cigarette smoking initiation than parental supervision. High levels of peer cigarette use amplified genetic risk for cigarette smoking initiation in mid-adolescence. CONCLUSIONS Chinese adolescent cigarette smoking initiation involves dynamic gene-environment transactions primarily with peer processes over development. Mid-adolescence constitutes a developmental period wherein underlying genetic risk for cigarette smoking initiation is particularly sensitive to peer influences. Targeted interventions aimed at reducing Chinese adolescent cigarette smoking initiation should focus on peer processes during this developmental period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Meyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yao Zheng
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
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3
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Staff J, Mongilio JM, Maggs JL, Vuolo M, Kelly BC. Household vaping bans and youth e-cigarette use. Addiction 2024; 119:74-83. [PMID: 37715485 DOI: 10.1111/add.16335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aims of this study were to measure whether household bans on vaping were associated with lower odds of youth past-month vaping when compared with (1) otherwise similar youth whose households did not have a vaping ban (using coarsened exact matching); and (2) themselves in waves when their household did not have a ban (using hybrid panel models). We used the same analytical strategies to examine cross-sectional associations between household smoking bans and adolescents' past-month cigarette smoking. DESIGN This was a longitudinal study using data from a nationally representative sample of youth (age 12-17 years) in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. SETTING United States of America. PARTICIPANTS A total of 16 214 adolescents followed over 48 103 total observations (approximately three waves). MEASUREMENTS Measurements comprised youth past-month e-cigarette and cigarette use and parent-reported household bans on vaping and smoking. Potential confounders were prior adolescent smoking, vaping, and other nicotine product use; parent current smoking, vaping, and other nicotine use; adolescent peer e-cigarette/cigarette use; parental monitoring; and demographic characteristics. FINDINGS Before matching, smoking bans were associated with 46% lower odds of youth smoking [odds ratio (OR) = 0.54; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.41-0.70] and vaping bans with 37% lower odds of youth e-cigarette use (OR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.50-0.80). However, households with and without bans differed significantly on all confounders before matching. After matching, household vaping bans were associated with 56% lower odds of youth vaping (OR = 0.44; 95% CI = 0.33-0.58). Results from hybrid panel models also revealed 37% lower odds of vaping in waves when youth lived in a vape-free household compared to waves when they did not (OR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.50-0.78). Associations between smoking bans and youth smoking were not statistically significant after matching or when using hybrid panel models. CONCLUSIONS Household vaping bans appear to be associated with lower odds of past-month vaping among US adolescents, compared with similar youth whose households did not have a ban and to themselves in waves when their households did not have a ban.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Staff
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jessica M Mongilio
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Maggs
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Mike Vuolo
- Department of Sociology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Brian C Kelly
- Department of Sociology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Rabinowitz JA, Reboussin BA, Sosnowski DW, Kuo SIC, Strickland JC, García-Marín LM, Rentería ME, Gillespie N, Maher B, Ialongo NS, Thorpe RJ, Uhl G. Associations of polygenic risk scores for smoking heaviness and lifetime cannabis use with tobacco and cannabis co-use trajectories among African Americans. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 250:110895. [PMID: 37517263 PMCID: PMC10495192 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to identify distinct trajectories of tobacco, cannabis, and their co-use among African Americans, and to investigate whether these patterns were associated with polygenic risk scores (PRS) for tobacco and cannabis use. METHOD Participants (N=428 participants; 50.9% male) were initially recruited for an elementary school-based prevention in a Mid-Atlantic city when they were in first grade. From ages 14-26, participants reported on their frequency of tobacco and cannabis use in the past year during annual assessments. DNA was collected from participants at age 21. PRS for smoking heaviness (i.e., cigarettes per day) and lifetime cannabis use were created based on genome-wide association study results derived from Liu et al. (2019) and Pasman et al. (2018), respectively. RESULTS We identified five distinct trajectories of tobacco and cannabis co-use, including (1) Low Tobacco and Cannabis Use, (2) Adolescent Limited Tobacco and Cannabis Use, (3) Experimental Cannabis, Young Adult Increasing Tobacco, (4) Experimental Tobacco, Young Adult Increasing Cannabis, and (5) High, Chronic Tobacco and Cannabis Use. Compared to the Low Tobacco and Cannabis Use subgroup, individuals in the High, Chronic Tobacco and Cannabis Use subgroup had greater PRS for smoking heaviness, and individuals in the Experimental Cannabis, Young Adult Increasing Tobacco subgroup had higher PRS for lifetime cannabis use. CONCLUSIONS Polygenic risk for lifetime cannabis use and smoking heaviness is associated with the developmental progression of tobacco and cannabis co-use among African Americans, furthering knowledge on the etiology of co-use in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A Rabinowitz
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Beth A Reboussin
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - David W Sosnowski
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Justin C Strickland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luis M García-Marín
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland4006, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland4012, Australia
| | - Miguel E Rentería
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland4006, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland4012, Australia
| | - Nathan Gillespie
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Brion Maher
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas S Ialongo
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roland J Thorpe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - George Uhl
- New Mexico VA Health Care SystemAlbuquerque, NMUSA
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Bruins S, Hottenga JJ, Neale MC, Pool R, Boomsma DI, Dolan CV. Environment-by-PGS Interaction in the Classical Twin Design: An Application to Childhood Anxiety and Negative Affect. MULTIVARIATE BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37439516 PMCID: PMC11157501 DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2023.2228763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
One type of genotype-environment interaction occurs when genetic effects on a phenotype are moderated by an environment; or when environmental effects on a phenotype are moderated by genes. Here we outline these types of genotype-environment interaction models, and propose a test of genotype-environment interaction based on the classical twin design, which includes observed genetic variables (polygenic scores: PGSs) that account for part of the genetic variance of the phenotype. We introduce environment-by-PGS interaction and the results of a simulation study to address statistical power and parameter recovery. Next, we apply the model to empirical data on anxiety and negative affect in children. The power to detect environment-by-PGS interaction depends on the heritability of the phenotype, and the strength of the PGS. The simulation results indicate that under realistic conditions of sample size, heritability and strength of the interaction, the environment-by-PGS model is a viable approach to detect genotype-environment interaction. In 7-year-old children, we defined two PGS based on the largest genetic association studies for 2 traits that are genetically correlated to childhood anxiety and negative affect, namely major depression (MDD) and intelligence (IQ). We find that common environmental influences on negative affect are amplified for children with a lower IQ-PGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bruins
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit
- Amsterdam Public Health research institute
| | | | - Michael C. Neale
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - René Pool
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit
- Amsterdam Public Health research institute
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit
- Amsterdam Public Health research institute
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development research institute
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Dierker P, Kühn M, Mönkediek B. Does parental separation moderate the heritability of health risk behavior among adolescents? Soc Sci Med 2023; 331:116070. [PMID: 37437427 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Social influences on adolescents' health risk behavior are well documented, but little is known about the interaction of parental separation with genetic sensitivities. Using data from a German sample of 1762 twins, this study examines whether family living arrangements moderate the influence of genetic predispositions on health risk behavior. Derived from variance decomposition moderator models, three key findings emerge. Firstly, genetic contributions to drug use are significantly higher in single-mother families, indicating an amplified heritability potentially resulting from triggered genetic sensitivities or challenges in preventing genetic risks from unfolding. Secondly, unique environmental factors have a greater impact on drug use in single-mother families. Lastly, no heritability differences are found in smoking and excessive alcohol consumption between family types. These findings provide novel evidence of increased importance of genetic influences on drug use in single-mother families, shedding light on gene-environment interactions, and informing policy interventions that support vulnerable family arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Dierker
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany; Population Research Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Max Planck - University of Helsinki Center for Social Inequalities in Population Health, Rostock, Germany and Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Mine Kühn
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany; Department of Sociology, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
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7
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Stephenson M, Aliev F, Kuo SIC, Edwards AC, Pandey G, Su J, Kamarajan C, Dick D, Salvatore JE. The role of adolescent social relationships in promoting alcohol resistance: Interrupting the intergenerational transmission of alcohol misuse. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 34:1841-1855. [PMID: 36873306 PMCID: PMC9976711 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors contribute to the intergenerational transmission of alcohol misuse, but not all individuals at high genetic risk develop problems. The present study examined adolescent relationships with parents, peers, and romantic partners as predictors of realized resistance, defined as high biological risk for disorder combined with a healthy outcome, to alcohol initiation, heavy episodic drinking, and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Data were from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (N = 1,858; 49.9% female; mean age at baseline = 13.91 years). Genetic risk, indexed using family history density and polygenic risk scores for alcohol problems and AUD, was used to define alcohol resistance. Adolescent predictors included parent-child relationship quality, parental monitoring, peer drinking, romantic partner drinking, and social competence. There was little support for the hypothesis that social relationship factors would promote alcohol resistance, with the exception that higher father-child relationship quality was associated with higher resistance to alcohol initiation (β ^ = - 0.19 , 95% CI = -0.35, -0.03). Unexpectedly, social competence was associated with lower resistance to heavy episodic drinking (β ^ = 0.10 , 95% CI = 0.01, 0.20). This pattern of largely null effects underscores how little is known about resistance processes among those at high genetic risk for AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Stephenson
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Alexis C. Edwards
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Gayathri Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jinni Su
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Danielle Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jessica E. Salvatore
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Perlstein S, Hawes S, Vazquez AY, Pacheco-Colón I, Lehman S, Parent J, Byrd A, Waller R. Genetic versus environmental influences on callous-unemotional traits in preadolescence: The role of parenting and parental psychopathology. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 34:1-16. [PMID: 36229943 PMCID: PMC10102260 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Children with callous-unemotional (CU) traits are at risk for severe conduct problems. While CU traits are moderately heritable, parenting also predicts risk. However, few studies have investigated whether parenting factors (e.g., acceptance, conflict, parental psychopathology) moderate the etiology of CU traits, while accounting for gene-environment correlations. To address this knowledge gap, we used data from 772 twin pairs from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study to test bivariate models that explored overlapping etiological influences on CU traits and child reports of their parenting environment. We also used gene-by-environment interaction models to test whether parenting moderated genetic versus environmental influences. There were no overlapping etiological influences on CU traits and parental acceptance, but modest genetic and non-shared environmental overlap between CU traits and family conflict. Parental acceptance and psychopathology moderated non-shared environmental influences, with stronger non-shared environmental influences on CU traits among children who experienced lower parental acceptance and greater parental psychopathology. Family conflict only moderated environmental influences when models did not covary for conduct problems. Parental acceptance and parental psychopathology may be specific environmental protective and risk factors for CU traits, whereas family conflict may represent a general environmental risk factor for both CU traits and conduct problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Hawes
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University
| | | | | | - Sarah Lehman
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University
| | | | - Amy Byrd
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh
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9
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Ji M, An R. Parenting Styles in Relation to Childhood Obesity, Smoking and Drinking: A Gene-Environment Interaction Study. J Hum Nutr Diet 2022; 35:625-633. [PMID: 35665546 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assessed gene-environment interactions linking maternal parenting styles to childhood obesity and alcohol and tobacco use. METHODS Data was retrieved from the first wave of the German Twin Family Panel. Participants comprised 3 birth cohorts aged 5, 11, and 17 years, with approximately 500 pairs of same-sex monozygotic twins and 500 pairs of same-sex dizygotic twins per cohort. Self-reported parenting styles were measured in 5 dimensions: emotional warmth, psychological control, negative communication, monitoring, and inconsistent parenting. Outcome variables included children's body mass index z-score (BMIz) and smoking and alcohol drinking frequency. Gene-environment interaction models were used to assess how parenting styles might moderate genetic and environmental influences on BMIz and smoking and drinking behaviors. RESULTS A positive interaction of genetic effects with psychological control was found for BMIz at age 5, indicating that genetic influences on BMIz increased with psychological control. No interaction effect was found for BMIz at age 11 and 17. Regarding adolescent smoking, positive interaction between genetic effects and negative communication was found, indicating that genetic influences on smoking increased with negative communication. There was no significant moderating effect of parenting styles on adolescent drinking. CONCLUSIONS This study found some preliminary evidence that parenting styles moderated genetic and environmental impacts on body weight status and smoking. Moderation effects of parenting on BMIz were observed only at a very young age. The moderating effects of parenting influenced adolescent smoking but not drinking. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Ji
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ruopeng An
- Brown School, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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10
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Pasman JA, Demange PA, Guloksuz S, Willemsen AHM, Abdellaoui A, Ten Have M, Hottenga JJ, Boomsma DI, de Geus E, Bartels M, de Graaf R, Verweij KJH, Smit DJ, Nivard M, Vink JM. Genetic Risk for Smoking: Disentangling Interplay Between Genes and Socioeconomic Status. Behav Genet 2022; 52:92-107. [PMID: 34855049 PMCID: PMC8860781 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-021-10094-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to disentangle the contribution of genetic liability, educational attainment (EA), and their overlap and interaction in lifetime smoking. We conducted genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in UK Biobank (N = 394,718) to (i) capture variants for lifetime smoking, (ii) variants for EA, and (iii) variants that contribute to lifetime smoking independently from EA ('smoking-without-EA'). Based on the GWASs, three polygenic scores (PGSs) were created for individuals from the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR, N = 17,805) and the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 (NEMESIS-2, N = 3090). We tested gene-environment (G × E) interactions between each PGS, neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and EA on lifetime smoking. To assess if the PGS effects were specific to smoking or had broader implications, we repeated the analyses with measures of mental health. After subtracting EA effects from the smoking GWAS, the SNP-based heritability decreased from 9.2 to 7.2%. The genetic correlation between smoking and SES characteristics was reduced, whereas overlap with smoking traits was less affected by subtracting EA. The PGSs for smoking, EA, and smoking-without-EA all predicted smoking. For mental health, only the PGS for EA was a reliable predictor. There were suggestions for G × E for some relationships, but there were no clear patterns per PGS type. This study showed that the genetic architecture of smoking has an EA component in addition to other, possibly more direct components. PGSs based on EA and smoking-without-EA had distinct predictive profiles. This study shows how disentangling different models of genetic liability and interplay can contribute to our understanding of the etiology of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle A Pasman
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, PO Box 281, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Perline A Demange
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Institute LEARN!, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sinan Guloksuz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A H M Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Abdel Abdellaoui
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet Ten Have
- Trimbos-Instituut, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eco de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron de Graaf
- Trimbos-Instituut, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin J H Verweij
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Smit
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Nivard
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M Vink
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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11
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Loan CM, Khurana A, Wright J, Romer D. Selection versus socialization effects of peer norms on adolescent cigarette use. Tob Use Insights 2021; 14:1179173X211066005. [PMID: 34924778 PMCID: PMC8679053 DOI: 10.1177/1179173x211066005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent smokers tend to have friends who also smoke. This association has been attributed to peer socialization and peer selection effects. However, evidence regarding timing and relative magnitude of these effects is mixed. Using a random-intercept cross-lagged panel model, we examined the reciprocal relations between adolescent cigarette use and perceptions of friends' cigarette use in a sample of 387 adolescents, assessed annually for 4 years. Adolescent cigarette use predicted increases in perceived friend use before the reverse effect emerged. Further, some of the effect of early adolescent cigarette use on subsequent use was mediated by changes in perceived friend use. The results support a greater role for friend selection than socialization in predicting early adolescent cigarette use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Loan
- Department of Educational
Methodology, Policy, and Leadership, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Atika Khurana
- Department of Counseling Psychology
and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Joanna Wright
- Department of Counseling Psychology
and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Daniel Romer
- Annenberg Public Policy Center, The University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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12
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Markovitch N, Kirkpatrick RM, Knafo-Noam A. Are Different Individuals Sensitive to Different Environments? Individual Differences in Sensitivity to the Effects of the Parent, Peer and School Environment on Externalizing Behavior and its Genetic and Environmental Etiology. Behav Genet 2021; 51:492-511. [PMID: 34195925 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-021-10075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Externalizing behavior is substantially affected by genetic effects, which are moderated by environmental exposures. However, little is known about whether these moderation effects differ depending on individual characteristics, and whether moderation of environmental effects generalizes across different environmental domains. With a large sample (N = 1,441 individuals) of early adolescent twins (ages 11 and 13), using a longitudinal multi-informant design, we tested interaction effects between negative emotionality and both positive and negative aspects of three key social domains: parents, peers, and schools, on the phenotypic variance as well as the etiology of externalizing. Negative emotionality moderated some of the environmental effects on the phenotypic, genetic, and environmental variance in externalizing, with adolescents at both ends of the negative emotionality distribution showing different patterns of sensitivity to the tested environmental influences. This is the first use of gene-environment interaction twin models to test individual differences in environmental sensitivity, offering a new approach to study such effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Markovitch
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, 91905, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Robert M Kirkpatrick
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
| | - Ariel Knafo-Noam
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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13
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Ksinan AJ, Smith RL, Barr PB, Vazsonyi AT. The Associations of Polygenic Scores for Risky Behaviors and Parenting Behaviors with Adolescent Externalizing Problems. Behav Genet 2021; 52:26-37. [PMID: 34333687 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-021-10079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The current study focused on longitudinal effects of genetics and parental behaviors and their interplay on externalizing behaviors in a panel study following individuals from adolescence to young adulthood. The nationally representative sample of Add Health participants of European ancestry included N = 4142 individuals, measured on three occasions. Parenting was operationalized as experiences with child maltreatment and maternal closeness. Externalizing problems were operationalized as alcohol use, cannabis use, and antisocial behaviors. Genetic effects were operationalized as a polygenic score (PGS) of risky behaviors. The results showed significant effects for child maltreatment, maternal closeness, and PGS, above and beyond other factors and previous levels of externalizing behaviors. Furthermore, maternal closeness was found to negatively correlate with PGS. No significant interaction effects of parenting and PGS were found. The results underscore the joint independent effects of parenting and genetics on the change in externalizing behaviors from adolescence to young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J Ksinan
- Department of Family Sciences, University of Kentucky, 160 Funkhouser Dr, Lexington, KY, 40506-0054, USA. .,Research Center for Toxic Compounds (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Rebecca L Smith
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842018, Richmond, VA, 23284-2018, USA
| | - Peter B Barr
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842018, Richmond, VA, 23284-2018, USA
| | - Alexander T Vazsonyi
- Department of Family Sciences, University of Kentucky, 160 Funkhouser Dr, Lexington, KY, 40506-0054, USA
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14
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South SC, Mann FD, Krueger RF. Marital Satisfaction as a Moderator of Molecular Genetic Influences on Mental Health. Clin Psychol Sci 2021; 9:719-731. [PMID: 36936035 PMCID: PMC10019510 DOI: 10.1177/2167702620985152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The quality of one's romantic relationship is associated with mental health. Low levels of relationship quality may be a stressor that triggers a predisposition or diathesis to mental illness. Analyses were conducted to examine whether relationship quality moderated the association between polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for several mental health syndromes on phenotypic measures of those syndromes. Data were drawn from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study of health and well-being. A subsample was genotyped, and PRSs were calculated. The PRS for anxiety was more strongly related to the anxiety phenotype when satisfaction was low than when satisfaction was high, providing evidence of a genetic susceptibility process between marital distress and anxiety. The expression of genetic influences on a phenotype in the presence of certain environmental stressors is complex and may depend on the specific phenotype and the methodology by which genetic influences are estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank D. Mann
- Department of Family, Population, and Preventative Medicine, Program in Public Health, Stony Brook University
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15
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Perrenoud LO, Oikawa KF, Williams AV, Laranjeira R, Fischer B, Strang J, Ribeiro M. Factors associated with crack-cocaine early initiation: a Brazilian multicenter study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:781. [PMID: 33892673 PMCID: PMC8063477 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crack-cocaine dependence is a serious public health issue, related to several psychiatric and psychosocial problems. Crack-cocaine users are usually embedded in a context of great social vulnerability, often associated with violence, poverty, family conflict and easy and early access to alcohol, tobacco and other drugs. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled a consecutive sample of 577 patients admitted to 20 therapeutic communities located in Southern Brazil, between September 2012 and September 2013. A structured interview assessed life-time exposure to risk and protective factors for drug use, such as parental monitoring in childhood, deviant behaviors and peer pressure. RESULTS Presence of family conflict (p = 0.002), maltreatment (p = 0.016), and deviant behavior prior to age 15 in a bivariate analysis predicted an earlier age of crack-cocaine initiation, whereas adolescents experiencing parental monitoring during adolescence started use later (p < 0.001). In the multivariate model, perceptions related to ease of access of illicit drugs (marijuana: p = 0.028, 95% CI = - 3.81, - 0.22; crack-cocaine: p < 0.001, 95% CI = - 7.40, - 4.90), and deviant behavior (threatening someone with a gun: p = 0.028, 95% CI = - 2.57, - 0.14) remained independent predictors of early age of crack-cocaine initiation. CONCLUSIONS Early onset of crack-cocaine use seems to be associated with exposure to family conflict, easy access to drugs and deviant behavior. Treatment and preventive programs should take these factors into account when designing and implementing community interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane Ogata Perrenoud
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil, Rua Major Maragliano, 241, SP 04017030 São Paulo, Brazil
- Reference Center for Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drugs (CRATOD), São Paulo State Secretary of Health, Rua Prates, 165, 01121000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Koki Fernando Oikawa
- Department of Statistics, Brazil University, São Paulo, Brazil, Rua Ibipetuba, 130, SP 03127-180 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Virginia Williams
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK, 4, Windsor Walk Denmark Hill, SE5 8AF London, UK
| | - Ronaldo Laranjeira
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil, Rua Major Maragliano, 241, SP 04017030 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Benedikt Fischer
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil, Rua Major Maragliano, 241, SP 04017030 São Paulo, Brazil
- Schools of Population Health and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Applied Research in Mental Health and Addiction, Simon Fraser University (SFU Faculty of Health Sciences, 515 W. Hastings Street, Vancouver, BC V6B 5K3), Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8th floor, Toronto, ON. M5T 1R8 Canada
| | - John Strang
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK, 4, Windsor Walk Denmark Hill, SE5 8AF London, UK
| | - Marcelo Ribeiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil, Rua Major Maragliano, 241, SP 04017030 São Paulo, Brazil
- Reference Center for Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drugs (CRATOD), São Paulo State Secretary of Health, Rua Prates, 165, 01121000 São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Popescu A, Marian M, Drăgoi AM, Costea RV. Understanding the genetics and neurobiological pathways behind addiction (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:544. [PMID: 33815617 PMCID: PMC8014976 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis issued by modern medicine states that many diseases known to humans are genetically determined, influenced or not by environmental factors, which is applicable to most psychiatric disorders as well. This article focuses on two pending questions regarding addiction: Why do some individuals become addicted while others do not? along with Is it a learned behavior or is it genetically predefined? Recent data suggest that addiction is more than repeated exposure, it is the synchronicity between intrinsic factors (genotype, sex, age, preexisting addictive disorder, or other mental illness), extrinsic factors (childhood, level of education, socioeconomic status, social support, entourage, drug availability) and the nature of the addictive agent (pharmacokinetics, path of administration, psychoactive properties). The dopamine-mesolimbic motivation-reward-reinforcement cycle remains the most coherent physiological theory in addiction. While the common property of addictive substances is that they are dopamine-agonists, each class has individual mechanisms, pharmacokinetics and psychoactive potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Popescu
- Department of Psychiatry, 'Prof. Dr. Alex. Obregia' Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Marian
- Department of Psychiatry, 'Prof. Dr. Alex. Obregia' Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana Miruna Drăgoi
- Department of Psychiatry, 'Prof. Dr. Alex. Obregia' Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu-Virgil Costea
- Department of General Surgery, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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17
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DelPriore DJ, Brener SA, Hill SE, Ellis BJ. Effects of Fathers on Adolescent Daughters' Frequency of Substance Use and Risky Sexual Behavior. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2021; 31:153-169. [PMID: 33091203 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This research: (1) implements a genetically informed design to examine the effects of fathers' presence-absence and quality of behavior during childhood/adolescence on daughters' frequency of substance use during adolescence; and (2) tests substance use frequency as mediating the relation between paternal behavior and daughters' sexual risk taking. Participants were 223 sister dyads from divorced/separated biological families. Sisters' developmental exposure to socially deviant paternal behavior predicted their frequency of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis (TAC) use. Older sisters who co-resided with fathers who were more (vs. less) socially deviant reported more frequent TAC use during adolescence. More frequent TAC use predicted more risky sexual behavior for these daughters. No effects were found for younger sisters, who spent less time living with their fathers.
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Abstract
Behavior genetics studies how genetic differences among people contribute to differences in their psychology and behavior. Here, I describe how the conclusions and methods of behavior genetics have evolved in the postgenomic era in which the human genome can be directly measured. First, I revisit the first law of behavioral genetics stating that everything is heritable, and I describe results from large-scale meta-analyses of twin data and new methods for estimating heritability using measured DNA. Second, I describe new methods in statistical genetics, including genome-wide association studies and polygenic score analyses. Third, I describe the next generation of work on gene × environment interaction, with a particular focus on how genetic influences vary across sociopolitical contexts and exogenous environments. Genomic technology has ushered in a golden age of new tools to address enduring questions about how genes and environments combine to create unique human lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Paige Harden
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA;
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19
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Genotype-environment correlation by intervention effects underlying middle childhood peer rejection and associations with adolescent marijuana use. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 34:171-182. [PMID: 33349288 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420001066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aggressive behavior in middle childhood can contribute to peer rejection, subsequently increasing risk for substance use in adolescence. However, the quality of peer relationships a child experiences can be associated with his or her genetic predisposition, a genotype-environment correlation (rGE). In addition, recent evidence indicates that psychosocial preventive interventions can buffer genetic predispositions for negative behavior. The current study examined associations between polygenic risk for aggression, aggressive behavior, and peer rejection from 8.5 to 10.5 years, and the subsequent influence of peer rejection on marijuana use in adolescence (n = 515; 256 control, 259 intervention). Associations were examined separately in control and intervention groups for children of families who participated in a randomized controlled trial of the family-based preventive intervention, the Family Check-Up . Using time-varying effect modeling (TVEM), polygenic risk for aggression was associated with peer rejection from approximately age 8.50 to 9.50 in the control group but no associations were present in the intervention group. Subsequent analyses showed peer rejection mediated the association between polygenic risk for aggression and adolescent marijuana use in the control group. The role of rGEs in middle childhood peer processes and implications for preventive intervention programs for adolescent substance use are discussed.
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20
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Samek DR, Hicks BM, Iacono WG, McGue M. Personality, romantic relationships, and alcohol use disorder symptoms in adolescence and young adulthood: An evaluation of personality × social context interplay. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 32:1097-1112. [PMID: 31452479 PMCID: PMC10035555 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419001111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Prior research has shown that person-level characteristics (e.g., temperament, personality) correlate and interact with social-contextual factors (e.g., parent-child relationship quality, antisocial peer affiliation) to predict adolescent substance use, but less research has examined similar processes for adult substance use problems. We addressed this gap by testing for personality × romantic partner context interplay in relation to symptoms of alcohol use disorder (AUD) at ages 24 and 29. Participants were twins in the longitudinal Minnesota Twin Family Study (N = 2,769; 52% female). Results support the corresponsive principle of personality in that we found that key personality traits in late adolescence (low constraint, negative emotionality) predicted subsequent "selection" into key social contexts in early adulthood (poorer quality romantic relationships and greater romantic partner alcohol use), which subsequently reinforced those traits and associated outcomes (including correlated AUD symptoms) through late young adulthood. There were few meaningful gender differences in these associations. There was also no support for the personality × romantic partner context interaction as a significant predictor of AUD symptoms at ages 24 or 29. Taken together with prior studies, these results suggest that such interactions may be less relevant to the development of young adult AUD compared to adolescent substance use problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana R. Samek
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Auburn University
| | | | | | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota
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21
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Using polygenic scores for identifying individuals at increased risk of substance use disorders in clinical and population samples. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:196. [PMID: 32555147 PMCID: PMC7303212 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00865-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide, polygenic risk scores (PRS) have emerged as a useful way to characterize genetic liability. There is growing evidence that PRS may prove useful for early identification of those at increased risk for certain diseases. The current potential of PRS for alcohol use disorders (AUD) remains an open question. Using data from both a population-based sample [the FinnTwin12 (FT12) study] and a high-risk sample [the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA)], we examined the association between PRSs derived from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of (1) alcohol dependence/alcohol problems, (2) alcohol consumption, and (3) risky behaviors with AUD and other substance use disorder (SUD) criteria. These PRSs explain ~2.5-3.5% of the variance in AUD (across FT12 and COGA) when all PRSs are included in the same model. Calculations of area under the curve (AUC) show PRS provide only a slight improvement over a model with age, sex, and ancestral principal components as covariates. While individuals in the top 20, 10, and 5% of the PRS distribution had greater odds of having an AUD compared to the lower end of the continuum in both COGA and FT12, the point estimates at each threshold were statistically indistinguishable. Those in the top 5% reported greater levels of licit (alcohol and nicotine) and illicit (cannabis and opioid) SUD criteria. PRSs are associated with risk for SUD in independent samples. However, usefulness for identifying those at increased risk in their current form is modest, at best. Improvement in predictive ability will likely be dependent on increasing the size of well-phenotyped discovery samples.
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22
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Panjalipour S, Khalesi ZB, Rezaie-Chamani S, Kazemnejad E. Female adolescent health needs and determinants. JBRA Assist Reprod 2020; 24:158-162. [PMID: 32073246 PMCID: PMC7169919 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adolescence is a critical developmental period with characteristic health risks and needs. Assessing adolescent health needs helps to improve the planning and implementation of effective interventions. This study aimed to describe the health needs and determinants of female adolescents. METHODS This analytical descriptive study included 850 female students. The sampling method was multistage cluster sampling. Data were collected from a questionnaire consisting of two parts, the first probing into socio-demographic matters and the second into respondent health needs. Data analysis was performed via the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, and Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Pearson correlation coefficients. RESULTS The results showed that individuals attending private high schools not living with their parents had higher health needs than other students. Students with older fathers - particularly fathers aged 50+ years - had increased health needs. Psycho-emotional care topped the list of health needs, whereas services in the field of spiritual belief were in last place. CONCLUSION Our study found that the most important factors related to healthcare needs were level of education, type of school (private vs. public), and living with parents. The results of this study can be useful in designing and implementing interventions to prevent high-risk behaviors and promote adolescent health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Panjalipour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Zahra Bostani Khalesi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sedighe Rezaie-Chamani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ehsan Kazemnejad
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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23
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Kendler K. Genetic and environmental pathways to suicidal behavior: Reflections of a genetic epidemiologist. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 25:300-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis paper presents a tentative typology of genetic and environmental pathways to suicidal behavior. Ten pathways are proposed and briefly illustrated: (i) direct effects from psychiatric disorders; (ii) direct effects from personality; (iii) direct effects of early adversity; (iv) direct effects of current adversity; (v) indirect effects of genes on selection into adversity (gene–environment correlation); (vi) interactions between genetic risk and current adversity: gene–environment interaction; (vii) interactions between early and current adversity: environment–environment interaction; (viii) interactions between culture and genes; (ix) dynamic developmental pathways involving causal loops from genes to environment and back again; and (x) gene × environment × development interaction.
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24
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Steeger CM, Epstein M, Hill KG, Kristman-Valente AN, Bailey JA, Lee JO, Kosterman R. Time-varying effects of family smoking and family management on adolescent daily smoking: The moderating roles of behavioral disinhibition and anxiety. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 204:107572. [PMID: 31585356 PMCID: PMC6953267 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family smoking environment and family management are associated with risk of teen smoking behaviors. However, less is known about whether these associations increase or decrease in strength across adolescence, and whether there are person-environment interactions. The current study examined 1) the age-varying main effects of family smoking and family management on adolescent daily smoking from ages 12-18 and tested 2) whether behavioral disinhibition and anxiety moderated these relationships. METHODS Data were drawn from the Seattle Social Development Project (SSDP; N = 808), a longitudinal study examining prosocial and antisocial behavior. Analyses used time-varying effect modeling (TVEM), which tested the stability of the relationship between family smoking and family management and youth daily smoking across adolescence. RESULTS Greater family smoking increased the likelihood of adolescent daily smoking, whereas greater family management reduced the likelihood of daily smoking. Significant interactions between family management and youth behavioral disinhibition and anxiety during early and mid-adolescence indicated that family management was more protective for adolescents with low (compared to high) behavioral disinhibition and anxiety. The effect of family smoking was not moderated by behavioral disinhibition or anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Family smoking and family management are key risk and protective factors that may be targeted for adolescent smoking prevention. Our interaction results for individual differences in behavioral disinhibition and anxiety suggest that certain types of youth may respond differently to family management practices. Findings also show periods during adolescence where family-centered preventive interventions could be optimally timed to prevent or reduce persistent adolescent smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Steeger
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, 1440 15th St., Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, United States.
| | - Karl G. Hill
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, 1440 15th St., Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Allison N. Kristman-Valente
- Social Development Research Group School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Bailey
- Social Development Research Group School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, United States
| | - Jungeun Olivia Lee
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 669 West 34th Street, Montgomery Ross Fisher, 325, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States.
| | - Rick Kosterman
- Social Development Research Group School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, United States.
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25
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Rose RJ, Salvatore JE, Aaltonen S, Barr PB, Bogl LH, Byers HA, Heikkilä K, Korhonen T, Latvala A, Palviainen T, Ranjit A, Whipp AM, Pulkkinen L, Dick DM, Kaprio J. FinnTwin12 Cohort: An Updated Review. Twin Res Hum Genet 2019; 22:302-311. [PMID: 31640839 PMCID: PMC7108792 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2019.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review offers an update on research conducted with FinnTwin12 (FT12), the youngest of the three Finnish Twin Cohorts. FT12 was designed as a two-stage study. In the first stage, we conducted multiwave questionnaire research enrolling all eligible twins born in Finland during 1983-1987 along with their biological parents. In stage 2, we intensively studied a subset of these twins with in-school assessments at age 12 and semistructured poly-diagnostic interviews at age 14. At baseline, parents of intensively studied twins were administered the adult version of the interview. Laboratory studies with repeat interviews, neuropsychological tests, and collection of DNA were made of intensively studied twins during follow-up in early adulthood. The basic aim of the FT12 study design was to obtain information on individual, familial and school/neighborhood risks for substance use/abuse prior to the onset of regular tobacco and alcohol use and then track trajectories of use and abuse and their consequences into adulthood. But the longitudinal assessments were not narrowly limited to this basic aim, and with multiwave, multirater assessments from ages 11 to 12, the study has created a richly informative data set for analyses of gene-environment interactions of both candidate genes and genomewide measures with measured risk-relevant environments. Because 25 years have elapsed since the start of the study, we are planning a fifth-wave follow-up assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Rose
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | | - Sari Aaltonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter B. Barr
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Leonie H. Bogl
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Holly A. Byers
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kauko Heikkilä
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Antti Latvala
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Anu Ranjit
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alyce M. Whipp
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lea Pulkkinen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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26
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Barr PB, Kuo SIC, Aliev F, Latvala A, Viken R, Rose RJ, Kaprio J, Salvatore JE, Dick DM. Polygenic risk for alcohol misuse is moderated by romantic partnerships. Addiction 2019; 114:1753-1762. [PMID: 31240774 PMCID: PMC7108791 DOI: 10.1111/add.14712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previous twin research suggests relationship status can moderate underlying genetic liability towards alcohol misuse. This paper examined: (1) whether genome-wide polygenic scores (GPS) for alcohol consumption are associated with alcohol misuse; (2) whether these GPS are moderated by romantic relationships (gene-environment interaction; G × E) and (3) whether G × E results are consistent across sex. DESIGN Linear mixed-effects models were used to test associations between genome-wide polygenic scores, relationship status and alcohol use/misuse. SETTING Finnish twins born between 1983 and 1987 identified through Finland's central population registry. PARTICIPANTS An intensively studied subset of Finnish Twin Study (FinnTwin12) during the young adult phase (aged 20-26 years). The analytical sample includes those with complete interview and genetic data (n = 1201). MEASUREMENTS Key measurements included involvement in a romantic partnership, drinking frequency, intoxication frequency and DSM-IV alcohol dependence (AD) symptoms. Genome-wide polygenic scores (GPS) were created from available summary statistics from a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) of drinks per week. RESULTS GPS predicted drinking frequency [b = 0.109; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.050, 0.168], intoxication frequency (b = 0.111; 95% CI = 0.054, 0.168) and AD symptoms (b = 0.123; 95% CI = 0.064, 0.182). Having a romantic relationship negatively influenced the association between GPS and drinking frequency (b = -0.105; 95% CI = -0.211, -0.001), intoxication frequency (b = -0.118; 95% CI = -0.220, -0.016) and AD symptoms (b = -0.119; 95% CI = -0.229, -0.009). There was a three-way interaction between sex, relationship status and GPS for intoxication frequency (b = 0.223; 95% CI = 0.013, 0.433), such that the reduced association between GPS and intoxication frequency for those in a relationship was only apparent in males. We found no evidence of three-way interactions for drinking frequency or AD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Being in a romantic relationship reduced the association between genetic predisposition and drinking, high-risk drinking and alcohol problems. However, for high-risk drinking the protective effect was limited to males, mapping onto earlier findings suggesting that males benefit more from romantic partnerships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B. Barr
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | | | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University,Faculty of Business, Karabuk University, Turkey
| | - Antti Latvala
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Finland,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richard Viken
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Richard J. Rose
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Finland,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jessica E. Salvatore
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University,Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Sartor CE, Grant JD, Few LR, Werner KB, McCutcheon VV, Duncan AE, Nelson EC, Madden PAF, Bucholz KK, Heath AC, Agrawal A. Childhood Trauma and Two Stages of Alcohol Use in African American and European American Women: Findings from a Female Twin Sample. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2019; 19:795-804. [PMID: 28875252 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-017-0838-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The current investigation assessed for moderating effects of childhood trauma on genetic and environmental contributions to timing of alcohol use initiation and alcohol use disorder in African American (AA) and European American (EA) women. Data were drawn from diagnostic telephone interviews conducted with 3786 participants (14.6% AA) in a longitudinal female twin study. Childhood trauma was defined alternately as child maltreatment and more broadly to include other events (e.g., witnessing violence). Phenotypic associations between childhood trauma and alcohol outcomes were estimated using logistic regression analyses. Twin modeling was conducted to test for moderating effects of childhood trauma on the contributions of genetic and environmental factors to timing of initiation and alcohol use disorder. Under both definitions, childhood trauma was associated with early initiation (relative risk ratios: 1.90, 1.72) and alcohol use disorder (odds ratios: 1.92, 1.76). Yet gene by environment effects were observed only for child maltreatment and timing of initiation in EA women, with heritable influences less prominent in those who had experienced child maltreatment (0.35, 95% CI: 0.05-0.66 vs. 0.52, 95% CI: 0.30-0.73). We found more similarities than differences in the association of childhood trauma with alcohol outcomes across racial/ethnic groups, trauma type, and stages of alcohol use. However, findings suggest that the relative contribution of genetic factors to alcohol outcomes differs by childhood maltreatment history in EA women specifically in the earliest stage of alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn E Sartor
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 389 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8134, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Julia D Grant
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8134, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lauren R Few
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8134, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kimberly B Werner
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vivia V McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8134, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Alexis E Duncan
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elliot C Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8134, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Pamela A F Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8134, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8134, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8134, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8134, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Hasan A, Afzal M. Gene and environment interplay in cognition: Evidence from twin and molecular studies, future directions and suggestions for effective candidate gene x environment (cGxE) research. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 33:121-130. [PMID: 31185373 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Last decade of molecular research in the field of cognitive science has shown that no single approach can give satisfactory results as far as gene hunt is concerned. Cohesive theory of gene-environment interaction seems to be a rational idea for bridging the gap in our knowledge of disorders involving cognitive deficit. It may even be helpful to some extent in resolving issues of missing heritability. We review the current state of play in the area of cognition at genetic and environmental fronts. Evidence of apparent gene-environment (GxE) interactions from various studies has been mentioned with the aim of redirecting the focus of research community towards studying such interactions with the help of sensitive designs and molecular techniques. We re-evaluate candidate gene-environment research in order to emphasize its potential if carried out strategically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Hasan
- Human Genetics and Toxicology Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Afzal
- Human Genetics and Toxicology Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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29
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Gerra MC, Manfredini M, Cortese E, Antonioni MC, Leonardi C, Magnelli F, Somaini L, Jayanthi S, Cadet JL, Donnini C. Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Cannabis Use: Preliminary Results for the Role of Parental Care Perception. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:670-680. [PMID: 30663487 PMCID: PMC7643561 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1531430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vulnerability to cannabis use (CU) initiation and problematic use have been shown to be affected by both genetic and environmental factors, with still inconclusive and uncertain evidence. OBJECTIVE Aim of the present study was to investigate the possible interplay between gene polymorphisms and psychosocial conditions in CU susceptibility. METHODS Ninety-two cannabis users and ninety-three controls have been included in the study. Exclusion criteria were serious mental health disorders and severe somatic disorders, use of other drugs and alcohol abuse; control subjects were not screened to remove Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) behaviors. A candidate gene association study was performed, including variants related to dopaminergic and endocannabinoids pathways. Adverse childhood experiences and quality of parental care have been retrospectively explored utilizing ACES (Adverse Children Experience Scale), CECA-q (Child Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire), PBI (Parental Bonding Instrument). RESULTS Our findings evidenced a significant association between rs1800497 Taq1A of ANKK1 gene and CU. Parental care was found to be protective factor, with emotional and physical neglect specifically influencing CU. Gender also played a role in CU, with males smoking more than females. However, when tested together genotypes and psychosocial variables, the significance of observed genetic differences disappeared. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm a significant role of Taq1A polymorphism in CU vulnerability. A primary role of environmental factors in mediating genetic risk has been highlighted: parental care could be considered the main target to design early prevention programs and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carla Gerra
- a Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Matteo Manfredini
- a Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Elena Cortese
- b Addiction Treatment Center, Local Health Service , Rome , Italy
| | | | - Claudio Leonardi
- b Addiction Treatment Center, Local Health Service , Rome , Italy
| | - Fernanda Magnelli
- d Addiction Treatment Centre, Local Health Service , Cosenza , Biella , Italy
| | - Lorenzo Somaini
- d Addiction Treatment Centre, Local Health Service , Cosenza , Biella , Italy
| | - Subramaniam Jayanthi
- e Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch , NIDA Intramural Research Program , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- e Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch , NIDA Intramural Research Program , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Claudia Donnini
- a Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
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Abstract
Externalizing problems generally refer to a constellation of behaviors and/or disorders characterized by impulsive action and behavioral disinhibition. Phenotypes on the externalizing spectrum include psychiatric disorders, nonclinical behaviors, and personality characteristics (e.g. alcohol use disorders, other illicit substance use, antisocial behaviors, risky sex, sensation seeking, among others). Research using genetic designs including latent designs from twin and family data and more recent designs using genome-wide data reveal that these behaviors and problems are genetically influenced and largely share a common genetic etiology. Large-scale gene-identification efforts have started to identify robust associations between genetic variants and these phenotypes. However, there is still considerable work to be done. This chapter provides an overview of the current state of research into the genetics of behaviors and disorders on the externalizing spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Barr
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA. .,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA. .,College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Peng Y, Fan C, Hu L, Peng S, Xie P, Wu F, Yi S. Tunnel driving occupational environment and hearing loss in train drivers in China. Occup Environ Med 2018; 76:97-104. [DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2018-105269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveHearing loss caused by high levels of noise is a potential occupational health disorder among train drivers around the world. This study aims to investigate the relationship between tunnel driving occupational environment and hearing loss in train drivers, to provide some insights into helping reduce hearing loss among train drivers.MethodsThis study analysed cross-sectional data for 1214 train drivers who work at China Railway Guangzhou Group. Health examination was taken by physicians with professional licences, and audiometric testing was performed by health technicians in a sound-isolated room. T/R is defined as the ratio of the length of the tunnels to the length of the railway along drivers’ work routes. Different multivariate models and stratified models were established for sensitivity analysis. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate the ORs of hearing loss associated with tunnel driving occupational environment.ResultsThe adjusted OR for high-frequency hearing loss in association with the highest T/R levels (30%–45%) versus the lowest T/R levels (<15%) was 3.72 (95% CI 1.43 to 9.69). The corresponding OR for speech-hearing loss was 1.75 (95% CI 0.38 to 8.06). The sensitivity analysis shows our results are suitable for various alternative models.ConclusionsThis study found that there was a significant association between tunnel driving occupational environment and hearing loss. Train drivers who work in a higher T/R environment have worse hearing loss.
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Kendler KS, Gardner CO, Edwards AC, Dick DM, Hickman M, MacLeod J, Heron J. Childhood Risk Factors for Heavy Episodic Alcohol Use and Alcohol Problems in Late Adolescence: A Marginal Structural Model Analysis. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2018; 79:370-379. [PMID: 29885144 PMCID: PMC6005251 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2018.79.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study seeks to clarify the nature of the association between five well-studied late childhood predictors and alcohol-related behaviors in adolescence. METHOD We examined, in 7,168 subjects from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), using linear probability and marginal structural models, the association between parental alcohol problems, peer group deviance, antisocial behavior, and low parental monitoring, and sensation seeking assessed at multiple times from ages 12.5 to 18 years and heavy episodic drinking and alcohol problems at ages 16.5, 17.5, and 20 years. RESULTS Based on the pattern of the attenuation in the association with heavy episodic drinking and alcohol problems from the linear probability to marginal structural models, our five factors were divisible into three groups. For parental alcohol problems, no substantial attenuation was seen. For peer group deviance and antisocial behavior, the associations in the marginal structural models were modestly attenuated (10%-20%). By contrast, for low parental monitoring and sensation seeking, moderate attenuations of 41% and 35%, respectively, were observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that all or nearly all of the association between parental alcohol problems and heavy episodic drinking and alcohol problems in mid to late adolescence is causal. For peer group deviance and antisocial behavior, the large majority of the associations appear to be causal, but confounding influences are also present. However, for low parental monitoring and sensation seeking, our findings suggest that a substantial proportion of the observed association with alcohol outcomes reflects confounding rather than causal influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Charles O. Gardner
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Alexis C. Edwards
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Matt Hickman
- School of Community and Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - John MacLeod
- School of Community and Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Heron
- School of Community and Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Li S, Keogan S, Taylor K, Clancy L. Decline of adolescent smoking in Ireland 1995-2015: trend analysis and associated factors. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020708. [PMID: 29703856 PMCID: PMC5922513 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study examines trends in smoking among Irish adolescents aged 15-16 years between 1995 and 2015 and the factors associated with their smoking behaviours between 2007 and 2015. METHODS Data were obtained from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs Ireland between 1995 and 2015. To examine the gender gap, two-sample proportion tests were used. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to examine the factors associated with smoking behaviours. Dependent variable is whether a respondent is a smoker in last 30 days. Independent variables include gender, survey years, perceived ease of access to cigarettes, perceived risk of smoking, perceived relative wealth, parental monitoring, maternal relationship, family structure, truancy and peer smoking. RESULTS Smoking prevalence has dropped from 41% in 1995 to 13% in 2015. The prevalence was much higher among girls than boys in 1995. The gender gap was closed by 2015. Multivariate regression results show that peer smoking, perceived access to cigarettes, perceived risks of smoking, parental monitoring, truancy, maternal relationship, perceived relative wealth and family structure were all significantly associated with adolescent smoking, and some of the factors had different effects for female and male students. CONCLUSION Ireland has successfully achieved a considerable decrease of adolescent smoking from 1995 to 2015, during which various tobacco control policies have been implemented. In addition, the gender gap on adolescent smoking has been closed during the period. Adolescent smoking could be further improved through strengthening enforcement on adolescent access to cigarettes and maintaining a high-intensity tobacco control media campaign targeting adolescents. Parents could also contribute by enhancing monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Li
- TobaccoFree Research Institute Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sheila Keogan
- TobaccoFree Research Institute Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Luke Clancy
- TobaccoFree Research Institute Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Dick DM, Barr PB, Cho SB, Cooke ME, Kuo SIC, Lewis TJ, Neale Z, Salvatore JE, Savage J, Su J. Post-GWAS in Psychiatric Genetics: A Developmental Perspective on the "Other" Next Steps. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2018; 17:e12447. [PMID: 29227573 PMCID: PMC5876087 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As psychiatric genetics enters an era where gene identification is finally yielding robust, replicable genetic associations and polygenic risk scores, it is important to consider next steps and delineate how that knowledge will be applied to ultimately ameliorate suffering associated with substance use and psychiatric disorders. Much of the post-genome-wide association study discussion has focused on the potential of genetic information to elucidate the underlying biology and use this information for the development of more effective pharmaceutical treatments. In this review we focus on additional areas of research that should follow gene identification. By taking genetic findings into longitudinal, developmental studies, we can map the pathways by which genetic risk manifests across development, elucidating the early behavioral manifestations of risk, and studying how various environments and interventions moderate that risk across developmental stages. The delineation of risk across development will advance our understanding of mechanism, sex differences and risk and resilience processes in different racial/ethnic groups. Here, we review how the extant twin study literature can be used to guide these efforts. Together, these new lines of research will enable us to develop more informed, tailored prevention and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M. Dick
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Program, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | | | - Peter B. Barr
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Program, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Seung Bin Cho
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Program, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Megan E. Cooke
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Program, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Program, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Tenesha J. Lewis
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Program, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Zoe Neale
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Program, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Jessica E. Salvatore
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Program, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Jeanne Savage
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Program, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Jinni Su
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Program, Virginia Commonwealth University
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Aaltonen S, Kaprio J, Kujala UM, Pulkkinen L, Rose RJ, Silventoinen K. The Interplay between Genes and Psychosocial Home Environment on Physical Activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 50:691-699. [PMID: 29194096 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic factors contribute to individual differences in physical activity, but it remains uncertain whether the magnitude of the genetic effects is modified by variations in home environments. We aimed to examine to what extent the psychosocial home environment in childhood and adolescence modifies the genetic influences on leisure time physical activity in young adulthood. METHODS Participants were Finnish twins (N = 3305) who reported their leisure time physical activity at age 24 yr. The psychosocial home environment was assessed by twins at ages 12, 14, and 17 yr, as well as by their parents when the twins were age 12 yr. Gene-environment interaction modeling was performed with OpenMx software. RESULTS Parental ratings of positive home atmosphere as well as the twins' ratings of both positive home atmosphere at age 14 yr and lower relational tensions at ages 12 and 14 yr predicted higher leisure time physical activity levels in young adulthood (regression coefficients = 0.33-0.64). Parental perceptions as well as the twins' perceptions of positive home atmosphere at ages 14 and 17 yr increased the additive genetic variation (moderation effects: 0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.29-0.80; 0.60, 95% CI = 0.26-1.05; and 0.52, 95% CI = 0.19-0.87, respectively). The twins' ratings of positive home atmosphere at age 12 yr and lower relational tensions at ages 12 and 14 yr increased the unique environmental variation of their subsequent physical activity (moderation effects: 0.46, 95% CI = 0.19-0.60; 0.48, 95% CI = 0.29-0.64; and 0.85, 95% CI = 0.12-0.95, respectively). CONCLUSIONS A psychosocial home environment that is warm and supportive in childhood and adolescence not only increases the mean level of subsequent leisure time physical activity in young adulthood but also modifies the genetic and environmental variances in leisure time physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Aaltonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND.,Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND.,Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
| | - Urho M Kujala
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
| | - Lea Pulkkinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
| | - Richard J Rose
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
| | - Karri Silventoinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
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Barr PB, Salvatore JE, Maes HH, Korhonen T, Latvala A, Aliev F, Viken R, Rose RJ, Kaprio J, Dick DM. Social Relationships Moderate Genetic Influences on Heavy Drinking in Young Adulthood. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2017; 78:817-826. [PMID: 29087815 PMCID: PMC5668991 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2017.78.817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social relationships, such as committed partnerships, limit risky behaviors like heavy drinking, in part, because of increased social control. The current analyses examine whether involvement in committed relationships or social support extend beyond a main effect to limit genetic liability in heavy drinking (gene-environment interaction) during young adulthood. METHOD Using data from the young adult wave of the Finnish Twin Study, FinnTwin12 (n = 3,269), we tested whether involvement in romantic partnerships or social support moderated genetic influences on heavy drinking using biometric twin modeling for gene-environment interaction. RESULTS Involvement in a romantic partnership was associated with a decline in genetic variance in both males and females, although the overall magnitude of genetic influence was greater in males. Sex differences emerged for social support: increased social support was associated with increased genetic influence for females and reduced genetic influence for males. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that social relationships are important moderators of genetic influences on young adult alcohol use. Mechanisms of social control that are important in limiting genetic liability during adolescence extend into young adulthood. In addition, although some relationships limit genetic liability equally, others, such as extensive social networks, may operate differently across sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B. Barr
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jessica E. Salvatore
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Hermine H. Maes
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Tellervo Korhonen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Latvala
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Faculty of Business, Karabük University, Karabük, Turkey
| | - Richard Viken
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Richard J. Rose
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of African American Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Xu Y, Briley DA, Brown JR, Roberts BW. Genetic and environmental influences on household financial distress. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR & ORGANIZATION 2017; 142:404-424. [PMID: 32863485 PMCID: PMC7450728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneity of household financial outcomes emerges from various individual and environmental factors, including personality, cognitive ability, and socioeconomic status (SES), among others. Using a genetically informative data set, we decompose the variation in financial management behavior into genetic, shared environmental and non-shared environmental factors. We find that about half of the variation in financial distress is genetically influenced, and personality and cognitive ability are associated with financial distress through genetic and within-family pathways. Moreover, genetic influences of financial distress are highest at the extremes of SES, which in part can be explained by neuroticism and cognitive ability being more important predictors of financial distress at low and high levels of SES, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilan Xu
- Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Daniel A. Briley
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Jeffrey R. Brown
- School of Business, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Brent W. Roberts
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
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Jarnecke AM, South SC, Elkins IJ, Krueger RF, Tully EC, Iacono WG. The role of parental marital discord in the etiology of externalizing problems during childhood and adolescence. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 29:1177-1188. [PMID: 27995815 PMCID: PMC5478482 DOI: 10.1017/s095457941600122x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has established that parental marital discord is associated with higher levels of offspring externalizing behaviors, but it is unclear how parental relationship functioning is associated with the genetic and environmental variance on a factor of externalizing problems. Thus, the current study assessed how parental marital discord moderates genetic and environmental variance on offspring externalizing problems at two different ages: childhood and late adolescence. That is, the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on offspring externalizing at ages 11 and 17 was examined as a function of parental marital discord. Consistent with a diathesis-stress model of psychopathology, it was hypothesized that with increasing marital discord, genetic influences on externalizing would be more pronounced. Rather, results indicated that for the 11-year-old sample, nonshared environmental influences were greater when parental marital discord was low, and comparatively, shared environmental influences contributed more to the variance in externalizing problems when parental marital discord was high. No moderation was found for the 17-year-old cohort. In contrast to studies that do not find an effect of the shared environment, these results provide evidence that the common rearing environment has an impact on externalizing problems in preadolescent children.
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Beyond comorbidity: Toward a dimensional and hierarchical approach to understanding psychopathology across the life span. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 28:971-986. [PMID: 27739384 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579416000651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We propose a novel developmentally informed framework to push research beyond a focus on comorbidity between discrete diagnostic categories and to move toward research based on the well-validated dimensional and hierarchical structure of psychopathology. For example, a large body of research speaks to the validity and utility of the internalizing and externalizing spectra as organizing constructs for research on common forms of psychopathology. The internalizing and externalizing spectra act as powerful explanatory variables that channel the psychopathological effects of genetic and environmental risk factors, predict adaptive functioning, and account for the likelihood of disorder-level manifestations of psychopathology. As such, our proposed theoretical framework uses the internalizing and externalizing spectra as central constructs to guide future psychopathology research across the life span. The framework is particularly flexible, because any of the facets or factors from the dimensional and hierarchical structure of psychopathology can form the focus of research. We describe the utility and strengths of this framework for developmental psychopathology in particular and explore avenues for future research.
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Elam KK, Chassin L, Lemery-Chalfant K, Pandika D, Wang FL, Bountress K, Dick D, Agrawal A. Affiliation with substance-using peers: Examining gene-environment correlations among parent monitoring, polygenic risk, and children's impulsivity. Dev Psychobiol 2017; 59:561-573. [PMID: 28561888 PMCID: PMC6035731 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Parental monitoring can buffer the effect of deviant peers on adolescents' substance use by reducing affiliation with substance-using peers. However, children's genetic predispositions may evoke poorer monitoring, contributing to negative child outcomes. We examined evocative genotype-environment correlations underlying children's genetic predisposition for behavioral undercontrol and parental monitoring in early adolescence via children's impulsivity in middle childhood, and the influence of parental monitoring on affiliation with substance-using peers a year and a half later (n = 359). Genetic predisposition for behavioral undercontrol was captured using a polygenic risk score, and a portion of passive rGE was controlled by including parents' polygenic risk scores. Children's polygenic risk predicted poorer parental monitoring via greater children's impulsivity, indicating evocative rGE, controlling for a portion of passive rGE. Poorer parental monitoring predicted greater children's affiliation with substance-using peers a year and a half later. Results are discussed with respect to gene-environment correlations within developmental cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit K. Elam
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Laurie Chassin
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | | | - Danielle Pandika
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Frances L. Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kaitlin Bountress
- National Crime Victims Research & Treatment Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Danielle Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri
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Yan N, Benner A, Tucker-Drob E, Harden KP. Mothers' Early Depressive Symptoms and Preschoolers' Behavioral Problems: The Moderating Role of Genetic Influences. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2017; 48:434-443. [PMID: 27473583 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-016-0669-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As a stressful environment in families, mothers' depressive symptoms might increase children's risks of developing behavioral problems by exacerbating genetic influences. Using data from the nationally representative Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort data of approximately 750 pairs of twins, we examined whether genetic influences on preschoolers' behavioral problems depended upon mothers' depressive symptoms. Results indicated that the genetic etiology for both internalizing and externalizing behaviors varied with maternal depressive symptoms at 9-months child age. Genetic effects on externalizing behaviors increased as mothers' depressive symptoms increased; however, genetics effects on internalizing behaviors increased when depressive symptoms either increased or decreased from the median level. These different patterns of interactive effects suggest potentially different mechanisms for the etiology of children's externalizing and internalizing behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Yan
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Str., Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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42
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Stanek KC, Ones DS, McGue M. Counterproductive behaviors: Relations across life domains, etiology, and implications for applied practice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SELECTION AND ASSESSMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijsa.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matt McGue
- University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota
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Do EK, Maes HH. Genotype × Environment Interaction in Smoking Behaviors: A Systematic Review. Nicotine Tob Res 2017; 19:387-400. [PMID: 27613915 PMCID: PMC5896454 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There has been rapid growth in research exploring gene-environment interaction (G×E) contributing to smoking behaviors. Yet, no systematic review exists to date. METHODS This article aims to review evidence on the contribution of G×E to the risk of smoking. Through a search of electronic databases (ie, Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Elsevier) up until May 2014, 16 studies of G×E focused on smoking behaviors were identified. These studies were compared in terms of: research design and sample studied, measure of smoking behavior and environments used, genes explored, and G×E in relation to these factors. RESULTS Thirteen of 16 studies (81.2%) found at least one significant G×E association. Wide variation in analytic methods was found across studies, especially with respect to the phenotypes of interest, environmental measures used, and tests conducted to estimate G×E. Heterogeneity across studies made it difficult to compare findings and evaluate the strength of evidence for G×E. CONCLUSIONS G×E research on smoking contains studies that are methodologically different, making it difficult to assess the current state of the evidence. To decrease heterogeneity, we offer recommendations related to: (1) choice of measurement for environmental variables, (2) testing and reporting of main and interaction effects, (3) treatment of covariates, (4) reporting gene-environment correlation, and (5) conducting sensitivity analyses and checking for scaling artifacts. Continued study is needed to identify mechanisms by which genes and environmental factors combine to influence smoking behaviors. IMPLICATIONS No comprehensive review of G×E studies of smoking behavior has previously been published. The present article seeks to fill this gap by providing a comprehensive review of: how G×E has been defined, how twin and molecular genetic methodologies have been used to test for G×E, and which genes and environmental factors are associated with smoking behaviors. Variations in methodological approaches make it difficult to interpret and summarize findings, so recommendations for future research are provided as a means to more easily compare and replicate findings across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Do
- Department of Psychiatry and School of Medicine, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Hermine H Maes
- Department of Psychiatry and School of Medicine, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
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Nadel EL, Thornberry TP. Intergenerational consequences of adolescent substance use: Patterns of homotypic and heterotypic continuity. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2017; 31:200-211. [PMID: 28182447 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Does substance use run in families? In this article, we examine both homotypic continuity in substance use-the impact of a parent's adolescent substance use on their child's adolescent substance use-and heterotypic continuity-the impact of a parent's adolescent substance use on their child's involvement in other adolescent problem behaviors. The analysis is based on data from the Rochester Youth Development Study (Thornberry, Lizotte, Krohn, Smith, & Porter, 2003) and its intergenerational component, the Rochester Intergenerational Study (Thornberry, 2009). The initial study began with a representative sample of 7th and 8th grade students followed until Age 31, and the intergenerational study is currently following their oldest biological child from childhood through adolescence. The final sample size in the current analysis consists of 341 parent-child dyads. For fathers, their adolescent substance use predicts both homotypic and heterotypic outcomes of their child. For mothers, however, there is no evidence of intergenerational continuity for either homotypic or heterotypic outcomes. In contrast, when the parent's adult substance use is examined, the opposite pattern emerges. The mother's adult substance use is a more consistent predictor of child behavioral outcomes, but there is little evidence that the father's adult behavior matters. Thus, it appears that the answer to the question of whether or not substance use runs in families is more nuanced than typically thought. Based on these results, continuity depends both on the sex of the parent and when in the parent's life-course substance use occurs. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Nadel
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Maryland
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Dick DM, Adkins AE, Kuo SIC. Genetic influences on adolescent behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 70:198-205. [PMID: 27422449 PMCID: PMC5074858 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a transitional, developmental phase with marked shifts in behavior, particularly as related to risk-taking and experimentation. Genetic influences on adolescent behavior also show marked changes across this developmental period; in fact, adolescence showcases the dynamic nature of genetic influences on human behavior. Using the twin studies literature on alcohol use and misuse, we highlight several principles of genetic influence on adolescent behavior. We illustrate how genetic influences change (increase) across adolescence, as individuals have more freedom to express their predispositions and to shape their social worlds. We show how there are multiple genetic pathways to risk, and how the environment can moderate the importance of genetic predispositions. Finally, we review the literature aimed at identifying specific genes involved in adolescent behavior and understanding how identified genes impact adolescent outcomes. Ultimately, understanding how genetic predispositions combine with environmental influences to impact pathways of risk and resilience should be translated into improved prevention and intervention efforts; this remains a rich area for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 W. Franklin Street, Richmond, VA 23284, United States; Department of African American Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, 816 W. Franklin Street, Richmond, VA 23284, United States; Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 E. Marshall Street, Richmond, VA 23298, United States; College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, 816 W. Franklin Street, Richmond, VA 23284, United States.
| | - Amy E Adkins
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 W. Franklin Street, Richmond, VA 23284, United States; College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, 816 W. Franklin Street, Richmond, VA 23284, United States
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 W. Franklin Street, Richmond, VA 23284, United States
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Abstract
We have made tremendous progress in understanding the genetic epidemiology of substance use problems. We understand a good deal about the genetic architecture of substance use disorders with respect to other psychiatric conditions, and how genetic influences change across development and as a function of the environment. We are further behind in identifying specific genes involved in substance use disorders. However, rather than blindly charging ahead with expensive gene identification efforts, our field would benefit from more thoughtful discussion about what strategies to pursue-both genetic and environmental-to have the greatest impact on reducing substance use problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M. Dick
- Departments of Psychology, African American Studies, and Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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47
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Olivares EL, Kendler KS, Neale MC, Gillespie NA. The Genetic and Environmental Association Between Parental Monitoring and Risk of Cannabis, Stimulants, and Cocaine Initiation in a Sample of Male Twins: Does Parenting Matter? Twin Res Hum Genet 2016; 19:297-305. [PMID: 27436053 PMCID: PMC4972338 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2016.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to test the direction of causation between self-report parental monitoring (PM) and the liability to illicit drug initiation (DI) as indicated by cannabis, cocaine, and stimulants. We fitted a multiple indicator model to test causal and non-causal models based on a large, genetically informative cross-sectional sample of male twins. The sample comprised 1,778 males aged 24-62 years from the Virginia Adult Twin Study of Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders. Data came from self-report measures of lifetime cannabis, stimulants, and cocaine initiation, and retrospective assessment of PM between ages 8-17 years. Multivariate modeling showed that familial aggregation in PM and DI were both explained by a combination of additive genetic and shared environmental effects. Moreover, the significant association between PM and DI was best explained by a correlated liability model versus causal models. PM has typically been assumed to be an environmental, causal risk factor for drug use and has been shown to be among the more salient environmental risk factors for illicit DI. Our data were not consistent with this causal hypothesis. Instead, a correlated liability model in which PM and risk of DI share common genetic and environmental risks provided a better fit to the data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University
- Department of Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | | | - Nathan A Gillespie
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
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48
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Abstract
Tobacco use remains the leading cause of preventable death in the US, emphasizing the need to understand which genes and environments are involved in the establishment of cigarette use behaviors. However, to date, no comprehensive review of the influence of genes, the environment, and their interaction on cigarette use exists. This narrative review provides a description of gene variants and environmental factors associated with cigarette use, as well as an overview of studies investigating gene-environment interaction (GxE) in cigarette use. GxE studies of cigarette use have been useful in demonstrating that the influence of genes changes as a function of both the phenotype being measured and the environment. However, it is difficult to determine how the effect of genes contributing to different phenotypes of cigarette use changes as a function of the environment. This suggests the need for more studies of GxE, to parse out the effects of genes and the environment across the development of cigarette use phenotypes, which may help to inform potential prevention and intervention efforts aimed at reducing the prevalence of cigarette use. Key Messages No comprehensive reviews of the influence of genes, the environment, and their interaction on cigarette use exist currently. The influence of genes may change as a function of the environment and the phenotype being measured. It is difficult to determine how the effect of genes contributing to different phenotypes of cigarette use changes according to environmental context, suggesting the need for more studies of gene-environment interaction related to cigarette use to parse out effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Do
- a Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA ;,b Center for Clinical and Translational Research , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Hermine Maes
- a Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA ;,c Department of Human and Molecular Genetics , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA ;,d Department of Psychiatry , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA ;,e Massey Cancer Center , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
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Agrawal A, Grant JD, Lynskey MT, Madden PAF, Heath AC, Bucholz KK, Sartor CE. The genetic relationship between cannabis and tobacco cigarette use in European- and African-American female twins and siblings. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 163:165-71. [PMID: 27114204 PMCID: PMC4904709 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of cigarettes and cannabis frequently co-occurs. We examine the role of genetic and environmental influences on variation in and covariation between tobacco cigarette and cannabis use across European-American (EA) and African-American (AA) women. METHODS Data on lifetime cannabis and cigarette use were drawn from interviews of 956 AA and 3557 EA young adult female twins and non-twin same sex female full siblings. Twin modeling was used to decompose variance in and covariance between cigarette and cannabis use into additive genetic, shared, special twin and non-shared environmental sources. RESULTS Cigarette use was more common in EAs (75.3%, 95% C.I. 73.8-76.7%) than AAs (64.2%, 95% C.I. 61.2-67.2%) while cannabis use was marginally more commonly reported by AAs (55.5%, 95% C.I. 52.5-58.8%) than EAs (52.4%, 95% C.I. 50.7-54.0%). Additive genetic factors were responsible for 43-66% of the variance in cigarette and cannabis use. Broad shared environmental factors (shared+special twin) played a more significant role in EA (23-29%) than AA (2-15%) women. In AA women, the influence of non-shared environment was more pronounced (42-45% vs. 11-19% in EA women). There was strong evidence for the same familial influences underlying use of both substances (rA=0.82-0.89; rC+T=0.70-0.75). Non-shared environmental factors were also correlated but less so (rE=0.48-0.66). No racial/ethnic differences were apparent in these sources of covariation. CONCLUSION Heritability of cigarette and cannabis use is comparable across racial/ethnic groups. Differences in the contribution of shared and non-shared environmental influences indicate that different factors may shape substance use in EA and AA women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Agrawal
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 660 S. Euclid, CB 8134, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Julia D Grant
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 660 S. Euclid, CB 8134, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Pamela A F Madden
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 660 S. Euclid, CB 8134, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 660 S. Euclid, CB 8134, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 660 S. Euclid, CB 8134, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Carolyn E Sartor
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, USA
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50
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Bogdan R, Winstone JMA, Agrawal A. Genetic and Environmental Factors Associated with Cannabis Involvement. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2016; 3:199-213. [PMID: 27642547 PMCID: PMC5019486 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-016-0103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 50-70% of the variation in cannabis use and use disorders can be attributed to heritable factors. For cannabis use, the remaining variance can be parsed in to familial and person-specific environmental factors while for use disorders, only the latter contribute. While numerous candidate gene studies have identified the role of common variation influencing liability to cannabis involvement, replication has been elusive. To date, no genomewide association study has been sufficiently powered to identify significant loci. Despite this, studies adopting polygenic techniques and integrating genetic variation with neural phenotypes and measures of environmental risk, such as childhood adversity, are providing promising new leads. It is likely that the small effect sizes associated with variants related to cannabis involvement will only be robustly identified in substantially larger samples. Results of such large-scale efforts will provide valuable single variant targets for translational research in neurogenetic, pharmacogenetic and non-human animal models as well as polygenic risk indices that can be used to explore a host of other genetic hypotheses related to cannabis use and misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Bogdan
- BRAIN lab, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Jonathan MA Winstone
- BRAIN lab, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
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