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Guiné RPF, Florença SG, Aparício MG, Cardoso AP, Ferreira M. Food Knowledge for Better Nutrition and Health: A Study among University Students in Portugal. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11111597. [PMID: 37297738 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11111597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
When students enter university, they suffer adaptations, including, usually, greater autonomy and responsibility for the choices they make. Therefore, it is crucial that they are well informed so as to make healthier food choices. The aim of this study was to determine whether sociodemographic characteristics, academic performance and lifestyle (tobacco and alcohol consumption) interfere with food literacy in university students. A quantitative, analytical, descriptive, transversal and correlational study was carried out, using quantitative data obtained through a questionnaire survey applied to a sample of 924 university students in Portugal. Food literacy was assessed through a scale of 27 items, distributed in three dimensions: D1-Literacy about food nutritional value and composition, D2-Literacy about labelling and food choice and D3-Literacy about healthy eating practices. Results showed no differences in food literacy according to sex or age. However, food literacy varied significantly with nationality, either globally (p = 0.006) or in the different dimensions evaluated (p-values of 0.005, 0.027 and 0.012 for D1, D2 and D3, respectively). In terms of academic achievement, the results showed no significant differences according to self-reported academic performance or even to the average classification obtained in the course. Regarding lifestyle variables, it was observed that alcohol consumption or smoking are not associated with food literacy, that is, food literacy does not vary significantly with these two lifestyle variables. In conclusion, food literacy in general and the dimensions evaluated are essentially constant among university students in Portugal, only varying for students from abroad. These results help to better perceive the food literacy levels for the population under study, university students, and that can be a valuable tool to better increase food literacy at these institutions as a way to better prepare for a healthier life and proper food habits that can enhance health in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel P F Guiné
- CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Sofia G Florença
- CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Maria Graça Aparício
- UICISA:E Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Cardoso
- CIDEI Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Manuela Ferreira
- UICISA:E Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
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Gage SH, Sallis HM, Lassi G, Wootton RE, Mokrysz C, Davey Smith G, Munafò MR. Does smoking cause lower educational attainment and general cognitive ability? Triangulation of causal evidence using multiple study designs. Psychol Med 2022; 52:1578-1586. [PMID: 33023701 PMCID: PMC9226381 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720003402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have found associations between smoking and both poorer cognitive ability and lower educational attainment; however, evaluating causality is challenging. We used two complementary methods to explore this. METHODS We conducted observational analyses of up to 12 004 participants in a cohort study (Study One) and Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses using summary and cohort data (Study Two). Outcome measures were cognitive ability at age 15 and educational attainment at age 16 (Study One), and educational attainment and fluid intelligence (Study Two). RESULTS Study One: heaviness of smoking at age 15 was associated with lower cognitive ability at age 15 and lower educational attainment at age 16. Adjustment for potential confounders partially attenuated findings (e.g. fully adjusted cognitive ability β -0.736, 95% CI -1.238 to -0.233, p = 0.004; fully adjusted educational attainment β -1.254, 95% CI -1.597 to -0.911, p < 0.001). Study Two: MR indicated that both smoking initiation and lifetime smoking predict lower educational attainment (e.g. smoking initiation to educational attainment inverse-variance weighted MR β -0.197, 95% CI -0.223 to -0.171, p = 1.78 × 10-49). Educational attainment results were robust to sensitivity analyses, while analyses of general cognitive ability were less so. CONCLUSION We find some evidence of a causal effect of smoking on lower educational attainment, but not cognitive ability. Triangulation of evidence across observational and MR methods is a strength, but the genetic variants associated with smoking initiation may be pleiotropic, suggesting caution in interpreting these results. The nature of this pleiotropy warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne H. Gage
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hannah M. Sallis
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Glenda Lassi
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robyn E. Wootton
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Claire Mokrysz
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marcus R. Munafò
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Bahorik AL, Sidney S, Kramer-Feldman J, Jacobs DR, Mathew AR, Reis JP, Yaffe K. Early to Midlife Smoking Trajectories and Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged US Adults: the CARDIA Study. J Gen Intern Med 2022; 37:1023-1030. [PMID: 33501538 PMCID: PMC8971217 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-06450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking starts in early adulthood and persists throughout the life course, but the association between these trajectories and midlife cognition remains unclear. OBJECTIVE Determine the association between early to midlife smoking trajectories and midlife cognition. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 3364 adults (mean age = 50.1 ± 3.6, 56% female, 46% Black) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study: 1638 ever smokers and 1726 never smokers. MAIN MEASURES Smoking trajectories were identified in latent class analysis among 1638 ever smokers using smoking measures every 2-5 years from baseline (age 18-30 in 1985-1986) through year 25 (2010-2011). Poor cognition was based on cognitive domain scores ≥ 1 SD below the mean on tests of processing speed (Digit Symbol Substitution Test), executive function (Stroop), and memory (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test) at year 25. RESULTS Five smoking trajectories emerged over 25 years: quitters (19%), and minimal stable (40%), moderate stable (20%), heavy stable (15%), and heavy declining smokers (5%). Heavy stable smokers showed poor cognition on all 3 domains compared to never smoking (processing speed AOR = 2.22 95% CI 1.53-3.22; executive function AOR = 1.58 95% CI 1.05-2.36; memory AOR = 1.48 95% CI 1.05-2.10). Compared to never smoking, both heavy declining (AOR = 1.95 95% CI 1.06-3.68) and moderate stable smokers (AOR = 1.56 95% CI 1.11-2.19) exhibited slower processing speed, and heavy declining smokers additionally had poor executive function. For minimal stable smokers (processing speed AOR = 1.12 95% CI 0.85-1.51; executive function AOR = 0.97 95% CI 0.71-1.31; memory AOR = 1.21 95% CI 0.94-1.55) and quitters (processing speed AOR = 0.96 95% CI 0.63-1.48; executive function AOR = 0.98 95% CI 0.63-1.52; memory AOR = 0.97 95% CI 0.67-1.39), no association was observed. CONCLUSIONS The association between early to midlife smoking trajectories and midlife cognition was dose-dependent. Results underscore the cognitive health risk of moderate and heavy smoking and the potential benefits of quitting on cognition, even in midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L Bahorik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Stephen Sidney
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Kramer-Feldman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David R Jacobs
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Amanda R Mathew
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jared P Reis
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Aqeeli AA, Makeen AM, Al Bahhawi T, Ryani MA, Bahri AA, Alqassim AY, El-Setouhy M. Awareness, knowledge and perception of electronic cigarettes among undergraduate students in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:706-713. [PMID: 32974976 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has steadily grown over the past few years, rising in popularity amongst young adults, especially. Owing to the perception that e-cigarettes are less harmful than conventional cigarettes, some people have resorted to using them as a means of quitting cigarette smoking. This study aimed to assess the awareness, knowledge, perception and use of e-cigarettes among Jazan University students in Saudi Arabia. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted with 775 students. Using stratified random sampling to recruit study participants, the dataset tabling the use of e-cigarettes, as well as knowledge, perception and awareness was collected using a translated and culturally adapted structured Arabic questionnaire. Our results showed that 21.0% of the participants used e-cigarettes and 35.1% of them used them to quit smoking. E-cigarette use was mostly reported by students from the College of Medical Applied Sciences (31.7%). The overall knowledge score was 3.9, with a standard deviation of 1.3 for the score range from zero to seven. About half of the participants correctly identified e-cigarettes as not less addictive' than cigarettes. However, 70.2% of students failed to identify e-cigarettes as a source of second-hand exposure to nicotine. About two-thirds of the sample believed that e-cigarettes could adversely affect health. The perception of using e-cigarettes for smoking cessation was not significantly associated with e-cigarette use. In conclusion, the prevalence of e-cigarette use was similar to that reported in the literature. However, Jazan University students failed to identify the health risks associated with e-cigarette use. Therefore, a strategy to enhance students' awareness of the benefits and harms of e-cigarettes is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulwahab A Aqeeli
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M Makeen
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Al Bahhawi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed A Ryani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Bahri
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Y Alqassim
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged El-Setouhy
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Kirsch DE, Lippard ET. Early life stress and substance use disorders: The critical role of adolescent substance use. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 215:173360. [PMID: 35219756 PMCID: PMC8983562 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) is a well-established risk factor for many psychiatric and medical disorders, including substance use disorders (SUDs). The relationship between ELS and SUDs is complex and there are likely multiple pathways from ELS to adverse substance use outcomes. The association between ELS and substance use emerges in adolescence. Adolescence is a critical period in development during which substance exposure markedly increases risk for SUDs. Therefore, this review focuses on the literature supporting the hypothesis that ELS increases risk for the development of SUDs through its influence on adolescent substance use. We discuss studies substantiating the role of ELS in adolescent substance use and explore how internalizing and externalizing psychopathology may be antecedents of substance use in adolescence. We examine clinical work suggesting ELS sculpts the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis and developing brain-particularly subcortical brain regions that underlie stress response, mesocorticolimbic brain systems associated with reward sensitivity, and prefrontal regions that underlie executive control-in a way that increases risk for adolescent substance use and SUDs. We further explore how substance use during adolescence alters structure and function of these same systems, and how brain changes following ELS and adolescent substance use may independently, additively, or interactively contribute to risk for addiction. We conclude by discussing how the current literature can inform interventions aimed at reducing risk for SUDs in individuals with a history of ELS.
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Park E, Lim MK, Park J, Thao TTP, Jeong S, Park EY, Oh JK. Social competence, leisure time activities, and smoking trajectories among adolescent boys: Data from The Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey. Epidemiol Health 2021; 43:e2021066. [PMID: 34525496 PMCID: PMC8850948 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2021066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to identify the trajectories and potential predictors of tobacco use during adolescence in Korea and to develop appropriate strategies for the implementation of tobacco use prevention programs. METHODS The trajectory of tobacco use and associated predictors were analyzed for 1,169 male students from grade 6 (age 11-12) to grade 10 (age 15-16) in the Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey from 2012 to 2016. RESULTS Three trajectories of smoking experience were identified: non-smokers (class 1: n=775, 82.3%), temporary users (class 2: n=32, 3.4%), and regular users (class 3: n=135, 14.3%). When compared to non-smokers, temporary users had a higher likelihood of living with a single parent, dissatisfaction with grades, having a girlfriend, having been victimized at least once, and having at least 1 delinquent friend in grade 7 (when smoking experimentation was at its peak). Significant factors associated with regular use included having a girlfriend, committing at least 1 type of delinquent behavior, and being a non-reader. Committing at least 1 type of delinquent behavior and having at least 1 delinquent friend were associated with regular users, distinguishing them from temporary users. CONCLUSIONS Understanding why adolescents exhibit different trajectories of tobacco use by identifying the factors associated with each trajectory can contribute to the development of tailored prevention strategies and early cessation programs for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Park
- Division of Cancer Prevention & Early Detection, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Min Kyung Lim
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jinju Park
- Central Division of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease Management, Seoul National University Hospital
| | - Tran Thi Phuong Thao
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sukyung Jeong
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Eun Young Park
- Division of Cancer Prevention & Early Detection, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Oh
- Division of Cancer Prevention & Early Detection, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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Bradshaw M, Kent BV, Davidson JC, De Leon S. Parents, Peers, and Trajectories of Cigarette Smoking: A Group-Based Approach. YOUTH & SOCIETY 2021; 53:676-694. [PMID: 34393284 PMCID: PMC8356133 DOI: 10.1177/0044118x19862450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the independent, relative, and additive associations between both parent and peer role models and longitudinal patterns of smoking across adolescence and early adulthood. An analysis of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N=10,166) reveals at least four distinct trajectories of smoking across ages 13-35: (1) non-smokers; (2) late peak (almost 10 cigarettes per day around age 30); (3) an early peak group that reached roughly 10 cigarettes per day around age 20 and declined; and (4) a high group that increased during adolescence and early adulthood and then remained high. Parent and peer smoking behaviors were associated with trajectory group membership net of controls for sociodemographic characteristics, parental SES, parent-child relations, and the availability of cigarettes in the family home. Parents and peers appear to have at least some independent associations net of each other, but their combined effects are powerful.
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Ahun MN, Lauzon B, Sylvestre MP, Bergeron-Caron C, Eltonsy S, O'Loughlin J. A systematic review of cigarette smoking trajectories in adolescents. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2020; 83:102838. [PMID: 32683174 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Trajectory analyses differentiate subgroups of smokers based on early patterns of cigarette use, but no study has summarized this literature. We systematically reviewed the literature on adolescent cigarette smoking trajectories to document the number and shapes of trajectories identified, assess if certain study characteristics influence the number or shapes of trajectories identified, summarize factors associated with and outcomes of trajectory group membership, and assess whether the results of trajectory analyses help identify windows of opportunity for intervention. We searched PubMed and EMBASE (1/1/1980 to 1/11/2018) and identified 1695 articles. Forty-three articles with data from 37 unique datasets were retained. Each trajectory was categorized into one of three groups (i.e., low-stable, increasing, other). Number of trajectories ranged from 2 to 6 (mode = 4); 44-76% of participants were low-stable cigarette consumers, 11-21% increased consumption, and 3-11% were categorized as "other." Number of data points, smoking indicator used, and time axis influenced the number of trajectories identified. Only two articles depicted the natural course of smoking since onset. Factors associated with trajectory membership included age, sex/gender, race/ethnicity, parental education, behavior problems, depression, academic performance, baseline cigarette use, parental and friends smoking, alcohol use, and cannabis use. Outcomes included illicit drug and alcohol use. Beyond parsimoniously describing cigarette smoking patterns, it is not clear whether trajectory analyses offer increased insight into the natural course, determinants or outcomes of cigarette smoking in ways that inform the development of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn N Ahun
- Université de Montréal Hospital Research Centre Tour Saint-Antoine, 850 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X0A9; Université de Montréal School of Public Health, 7101 Avenue du Parc, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3N1X9
| | - Béatrice Lauzon
- Université de Montréal Hospital Research Centre Tour Saint-Antoine, 850 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X0A9; Université de Montréal School of Public Health, 7101 Avenue du Parc, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3N1X9
| | - Marie-Pierre Sylvestre
- Université de Montréal Hospital Research Centre Tour Saint-Antoine, 850 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X0A9; Université de Montréal School of Public Health, 7101 Avenue du Parc, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3N1X9.
| | - Cassi Bergeron-Caron
- Université de Montréal Hospital Research Centre Tour Saint-Antoine, 850 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X0A9; Université de Montréal School of Public Health, 7101 Avenue du Parc, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3N1X9
| | - Sherif Eltonsy
- University of Moncton, J.-Raymond Frenette Building. 18 rue Antonine Maillet, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada E1A3E9; College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E0T5
| | - Jennifer O'Loughlin
- Université de Montréal Hospital Research Centre Tour Saint-Antoine, 850 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X0A9; Université de Montréal School of Public Health, 7101 Avenue du Parc, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3N1X9
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Dunbar MS, Davis JP, Tucker JS, Seelam R, Shih RA, D'Amico EJ. Developmental Trajectories of Tobacco/Nicotine and Cannabis Use and Patterns of Product Co-use in Young Adulthood. Tob Use Insights 2020; 13:1179173X20949271. [PMID: 32922109 PMCID: PMC7446261 DOI: 10.1177/1179173x20949271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Concurrent co-use of tobacco/nicotine and cannabis (T/C) products is common among young people and may increase risks for negative health and psychosocial outcomes, but little is known about developmental patterns of T/C co-use. This study aimed to identify distinct trajectory classes of concurrent T/C co-use from ages 16 to 21 and compare groups on T/C co-use behaviors in young adulthood. Methods Participants (n = 2497) reported T/C use on annual online surveys from 2015 to 2019 (ages 16-22). We used parallel process growth mixture models to model simultaneous trajectories of past-month cigarette, e-cigarette, smokeless tobacco, and cannabis use and identify latent classes of T/C trajectories. Classes were then compared on types and number of T/C products used and types of T/C co-use in young adulthood. Results Models revealed 4 T/C classes: Low/No T/C Use, Early Concurrent T/C Co-use, Late Concurrent T/C Co-use, and Tobacco Quitters/Cannabis Maintainers. Compared to other classes, the Early Concurrent T/C Co-use group-individuals with rapid progression to concurrent T/C co-use during adolescence-were more likely to report poly-tobacco use, poly-cannabis use, same-occasion sequential T/C co-use and T/C co-administration (ie, mixing T/C) of both combustible and vaping products in young adulthood. Conclusion Early progression to concurrent T/C co-use in adolescence is prospectively linked to poly-product use and co-use of T/C products in young adulthood. Prevention efforts targeting co-use of T/C products in adolescence may help to reduce riskier patterns of T/C use and co-use in young adulthood.
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Long E, Valente TW. Perceived Social Acceptability and Longitudinal Trends in Adolescent Cigarette Smoking. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2020; 20:824-832. [PMID: 30168036 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-018-0945-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The current study uses methods from social network analysis to predict longitudinal trends in adolescent cigarette smoking based on perceived social acceptability from friends, in addition to typical measures of peer influence (e.g., self-reported cigarette use of friends). By concurrently investigating the role of perceived social acceptability of smoking and peer influence, the current study offers new insight into the mechanisms through which peers influence adolescent smoking. Two waves of data from five high schools within one US school district (n = 1563) were used. Stochastic actor-based models simultaneously estimated changes in smoking predicted by perceived social acceptability and peer influence. Findings demonstrate that adolescents with higher perceived social acceptability of cigarette use increased cigarette smoking over time. Conversely, support for peer influence on smoking was not found after controlling for the effects of perceived social acceptability. The results suggest that perceived social acceptability regarding cigarette smoking rather than self-report of cigarette use among friends is predictive of future smoking behavior. Consequently, the findings highlight the need for prevention efforts to take into account the multifaceted dynamics between adolescent smoking and friendships. Programs that address peer influence alone, without considering peer mechanisms such as perceived social acceptability, are at risk of ignoring critical avenues for prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Long
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, 2810 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84321, USA.
| | - Thomas W Valente
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute for Prevention Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA
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Tapera R, Mbongwe B, Mhaka-Mutepfa M, Lord A, Phaladze NA, Zetola NM. The theory of planned behavior as a behavior change model for tobacco control strategies among adolescents in Botswana. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233462. [PMID: 32502211 PMCID: PMC7274417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Behavioral intentions (motivational factors), attitudes, subjective norm (social pressures), and perceived behavioral control promote or discourage smoking behavior among adolescents. Objective To assess students’ behavioral intentions, attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control on smoking using the Theory of Planned Behavior. The prevalence of smoking among the adolescents is also calculated. Methods In this cross-sectional study, structured self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from adolescents in primary and secondary schools. Data on demographics, behavioral intentions, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control towards smoking were collected. Pearson product moment correlations and logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with current smoking. Results A total sample of 2554 (mean age = 15; Range = 12–18 years) students participated in the study. Twenty-nine percent (n = 728) of the students had tried smoking at least once. Smoking was predicted by attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and intention.There was a strong association between having a parent or guardian, caregiver or close friend who smoked (p < 0.001) and being a smoker. The majority of students (57%) conveyed that adults talked to them about the harmful effects of cigarette smoking and 50% had discussed smoking concerns with their friends. Students who had positive attitudes towards smoking like “smoking makes you confident” were more likely to be current smokers (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.03–2.59). The feeling or conviction that they could refuse a cigarette if offered was an impediment from smoking (OR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.13–0.26). Conclusions Attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control contributed significantly to the students' smoking. Right attitudes must be cultivated and behavioral control must be strengthened for early effective interventions to curtail smoking among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Tapera
- Deaprtment of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
- * E-mail:
| | - Bontle Mbongwe
- Deaprtment of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Magen Mhaka-Mutepfa
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | | | - Nicola M. Zetola
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Sharareh P, Leili T, Abbas M, Jalal P, Ali G. Determining correlates of the average number of cigarette smoking among college students using count regression models. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8874. [PMID: 32483160 PMCID: PMC7264191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
College students, as a large part of young adults, are a vulnerable group to several risky behaviors including smoking and drug abuse. This study aimed to utilize and to compare count regression models to identify correlates of cigarette smoking among college students. This was a cross-sectional study conducted on students of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. The Poisson, negative binomial, generalized Poisson, exponentiated-exponential geometric regression models and their zero-inflated counterparts were fitted and compared using the Vuong test (α = 0.05). A number of 1258 students participated in this study. The majority of students were female (60.8%) and their average age was 23 years. Most of the students were non-smokers (84.6%). Negative binomial regression was selected as the most appropriate model for analyzing the data (comparable fit and simpler interpretation). The significant correlates of the number of cigarettes smoked per day included gender (male: incident-rate-ratio (IRR = 9.21), birth order (Forth: IRR = 1.99), experiencing a break-up (IRR = 2.11), extramarital sex (heterosexual (IRR = 2.59), homosexual (IRR = 3.13) vs. none), and drug abuse (IRR = 5.99). Our findings revealed that several high-risk behaviors were associated with the intensity of smoking, suggesting that these behaviors should be considered in smoking cessation intervention programs for college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parami Sharareh
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Tapak Leili
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Moghimbeigi Abbas
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Alborz, Iran
| | - Poorolajal Jalal
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ghaleiha Ali
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Alves RF, Precioso J, Becoña E. Smoking behavior and secondhand smoke exposure among university students in northern Portugal: Relations with knowledge on tobacco use and attitudes toward smoking. Pulmonology 2020; 28:193-202. [PMID: 32444313 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of active smoking and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among college students in the north of Portugal, and analyze the relationship between knowledge about tobacco use and attitudes toward smoking. MATERIALS AND METHODS This a cross-sectional study with a representative sample of college students (n=840) in one university in Portugal. A validated self-reported questionnaire was administered to a proportional stratified random sample during the academic year of 2018/2019. We evaluated associations between smoking status, SHS exposure, smokers peers, knowledge and attitudes toward smoking and sociodemographic variables. RESULTS The results showed that 20.1% of the students surveyed were current smokers (7.3% occasional smokers, 2.9% regular smokers and 9.9% daily smokers). Most current smokers started smoking before the age of 17 (61.4%) and reported never having tried to quit smoking (59.7%). Only 34.4% of students reported (almost) not having been in enclosed spaces with smokers in the past 7 days. Exposure to SHS and having smoker friends contributes to the prevalence of tobacco use. In general, students showed favorable attitudes toward smoking, especially those who are smokers, have smoking friends and are more exposed to SHS. The level of knowledge about tobacco was moderate, with a higher number of correct responses by former smokers. CONCLUSIONS These results suggests an urgent need for socio-educational programs for counseling on smoking cessation. In addition, is also strongly recommended that, throughout academic training, students develop personal and social skills for dealing with the tobacco epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Alves
- CIEC - Research Centre Child Studies, Institute of Education - University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
| | - J Precioso
- CIEC - Research Centre Child Studies, Institute of Education - University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - E Becoña
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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14
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Mitchell JT, Howard AL, Belendiuk KA, Kennedy TM, Stehli A, Swanson JM, Hechtman L, Arnold LE, Hoza B, Vitiello B, Lu B, Kollins SH, Molina BSG. Cigarette Smoking Progression Among Young Adults Diagnosed With ADHD in Childhood: A 16-year Longitudinal Study of Children With and Without ADHD. Nicotine Tob Res 2020. [PMID: 29538764 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk for smoking cigarettes, but there is little longitudinal research on the array of smoking characteristics known to be prognostic of long-term smoking outcomes into adulthood. These variables were studied into early adulthood in a multisite sample diagnosed with ADHD combined type at ages 7-9.9 and followed prospectively alongside an age- and sex-matched local normative comparison group (LNCG). METHODS Cigarette smoking quantity, quit attempts, dependence, and other characteristics were assessed in the longitudinal Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (MTA) eight times to a mean age of 24.9 years: ADHD n = 469; LNCG n = 240. RESULTS In adulthood, the ADHD group had higher rates of daily cigarette smoking, one or more quit attempts, shorter time to first cigarette of the day, and more severe withdrawal than the LNCG. The ADHD group did not appear to have better smoking cessation rates despite a higher proportion quitting at least once. Smoking quantity and nicotine dependence did not differ between groups. The ADHD group reported younger daily smoking onset and faster progression from smoking initiation to daily smoking across assessments. Finally, ADHD symptom severity in later adolescence and adulthood was associated with higher risk for daily smoking across assessments in the ADHD sample. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that ADHD-related smoking risk begins at a young age, progresses rapidly, and becomes resistant to cessation attempts by adulthood. Prevention efforts should acknowledge the speed of uptake; treatments should target the higher relapse risk in this vulnerable population. IMPLICATIONS Although childhood ADHD predicts later smoking, longitudinal studies of this population have yet to fully characterize smoking behaviors into adulthood that are known to be prognostic of long-term smoking outcome. The current study demonstrates earlier and faster progression to daily smoking among those with a childhood ADHD diagnosis, as well as greater risk for failed quit attempts. Prevention efforts should address speed of smoking uptake, while treatments are needed that address smoking relapse risk. The current study also demonstrates ADHD symptom severity over development increases daily smoking risk, implicating the need for continuous ADHD symptom management.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Andrea L Howard
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Traci M Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - James M Swanson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Lily Hechtman
- Division of Child Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - L Eugene Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Betsy Hoza
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Benedetto Vitiello
- Division of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Bo Lu
- Division of Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Scott H Kollins
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Brooke S G Molina
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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15
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Yoon S, Dillard R, Kobulsky J, Nemeth J, Shi Y, Schoppe-Sullivan S. The Type and Timing of Child Maltreatment as Predictors of Adolescent Cigarette Smoking Trajectories. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:937-946. [PMID: 31996065 PMCID: PMC7374497 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2020.1713819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: There is limited research examining the association between child maltreatment and cigarette smoking as a specific type of adolescent substance use, and research examining high-risk samples and variations based on maltreatment type and timing remain sparse. Objectives: The primary aim of the study was to examine the relationship between child maltreatment and cigarette smoking trajectories. Methods: Latent class growth analysis and multinomial logistic regression were performed on 903 youth drawn from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN). Results: Three distinct classes of cigarette smoking trajectories were identified: (1) Stable no/low cigarette use (61%); (2) Gradually increasing cigarette use (30%); and (3) Sharply increasing cigarette use (9%). Physical abuse during early childhood and adolescence predicted membership in the sharply increasing cigarette use class. Neglect during early childhood predicted membership in the gradually increasing cigarette use class. Conclusions: Findings suggest that interventions for adolescent cigarette smoking should integrate trauma-informed approaches. Further, the results highlight early childhood and adolescence as particularly vulnerable periods with respect to the influence of physical abuse and neglect on cigarette smoking, pointing to the need for additional maltreatment prevention efforts during these developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Yoon
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Rebecca Dillard
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Julia Kobulsky
- School of Social Work, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julianna Nemeth
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yang Shi
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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16
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Johnson AL, Villanti AC, Williams V, Rath JM, Vallone DM, Abrams DB, Hedeker D, Mermelstein RJ. Smoking Trajectory Classes and Impact of Social Smoking Identity in Two Cohorts of U.S. Young Adults. EMERGING ADULTHOOD (PRINT) 2019; 7:258-269. [PMID: 38250305 PMCID: PMC10798807 DOI: 10.1177/2167696818763949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This study describes cigarette smoking trajectories, the influence of social smoker self-identification (SSID), and correlates of these trajectories in two cohorts of U.S. young adults: a sample from the Chicago metropolitan area (Social Emotional Contexts of Adolescent and Young Adult Smoking Patterns [SECAP], n = 893) and a national sample (Truth Initiative Young Adult Cohort Study [YA Cohort], n = 1,491). Using latent class growth analyses and growth mixture models, five smoking trajectories were identified in each sample: in SECAP: nonsmoking (n = 658, 73.7%), declining smoking (n = 20, 2.2%), moderate/stable smoking (n = 114, 12.8%), high/stable smoking (n = 79, 8.9%), and escalating smoking (n = 22, 2.5%); and in YA Cohort: nonsmoking (n = 1,215, 81.5%), slowly declining smoking (n = 52, 3.5%), rapidly declining smoking (n = 50, 3.4%), stable smoking (n = 139, 9%), and escalating smoking (n = 35, 2.4%). SSID was most prevalent in moderate/stable smoking (35.5% SECAP), rapidly declining smoking (25.2% YA Cohort), and nonsmoking. Understanding nuances of how smoking identity is formed and used to limit or facilitate smoking behavior in young adults will allow for more effective interventions to reduce tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea C. Villanti
- Truth Initiative Schroeder Institute
- Department of Psychiatry, Vermont Center on Behavior & Health, University of Vermont
| | - Valerie Williams
- General Dynamics Information Technology/General Dynamics Health Solutions
| | - Jessica M. Rath
- Truth Initiative Schroeder Institute
- Deparment of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Donna M. Vallone
- Truth Initiative Schroeder Institute
- Deparment of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
- College of Global Public Health, New York University
| | - David B. Abrams
- Truth Initiative Schroeder Institute
- College of Global Public Health, New York University
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Donald Hedeker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago
| | - Robin J. Mermelstein
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago
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17
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E-cigarette use is associated with susceptibility to tobacco use among Australian young adults. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2019; 74:266-273. [PMID: 31257041 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calls have been made to relax current Australian regulations related to e-cigarettes to increase the accessibility of the devices for smoking cessation purposes. However, e-cigarettes have been found to increase risk of initiation of conventional cigarette smoking, especially among young adults. To assist in guiding the development of policy in Australia, the present study examined whether e-cigarette use among Australian young adults who have never smoked a tobacco cigarette is associated with susceptibility to future tobacco cigarette use. METHOD An online web panel provider recruited 519 never smokers aged 18-25 years (55% female; average age = 21.21 years, SD = 2.32). Respondents completed an online survey that assessed their curiosity about tobacco smoking, willingness and intentions to smoke, and a number of individual and social factors. Cross-sectional regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between e-cigarette use and susceptibility to tobacco cigarette use while controlling for multiple covariates. RESULTS Curiosity about tobacco smoking, willingness to smoke, and intentions to smoke were significantly higher among users of e-cigarettes than never users. The relationship between e-cigarette use and susceptibility to future tobacco cigarette use remained significant after controlling for numerous covariates. CONCLUSION E-cigarette use, even just one or two puffs, has the potential to increase susceptibility to tobacco cigarette use among Australian young adults. Findings suggest that increasing the availability of e-cigarettes by relaxing current strict regulations surrounding their sale may have unintended consequences.
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18
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Lee Y, Lee KS. Factors Related to Smoking Status Among Young Adults: An Analysis of Younger and Older Young Adults in Korea. J Prev Med Public Health 2019; 52:92-100. [PMID: 30971075 PMCID: PMC6459759 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.18.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Young adulthood represents a critical developmental period during which the use of tobacco may begin or cease. Furthermore, differences in smoking behaviors between younger (aged 18-24 years) and older (aged 25-34 years) young adults may exist. This study aimed to characterize patterns related to current smoking in younger and older young adults. Methods This study used data acquired from the Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2013 to 2014. A total of 2069 subjects were categorized as younger (712 subjects) and older (1357 subjects) young adults. The chi-square test was used to assess the relationships between smoking status and socio-demographic, health-related, and smoking-related factors. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to assess the factors affecting current smoking in these age groups. Results The current smoking prevalence was 18.3% among the younger young adults and 26.0% among the older young adults. Sex, education level, occupation, perceived health status, alcohol consumption, and electronic cigarette use were related to current smoking in both age groups. Secondhand smoke exposure at home and stress levels showed significant relationships with smoking in younger and older young adults, respectively. Conclusions Strong correlations were found between the observed variables and smoking behaviors among young adults. Determining the factors affecting smoking and designing interventions based on these factors are essential for smoking cessation in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeji Lee
- Graduate School of Public Health, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang-Sook Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES China is the world's largest tobacco consumer and its adolescent smoking rate is increasing. Smoking interventions among high school students are limited. The aim of this study was to deliver and evaluate a brief theory-based smoking intervention in China, with a focus on anti-smoking cognitions. METHODS The intervention was based on the constructs of an extended theory of planned behavior and life skills training. Using class-level randomization sampling, 106 tenth graders from two high schools in Kunming, China received a four-session intervention; 101 students were assigned as control group members. Surveys were conducted at three time-points (1 week before the intervention, 1 week post-intervention, and 6 months post-intervention). MANOVA and latent class analysis were used to test the intervention's effectiveness and personal change trajectories over time. RESULTS The intervention failed to change smoking behavior, intention or willingness, but improved anti-smoking attitudes and perceived control over smoking. Skills showed a general enhancement, consistent with participants' qualitative feedback. Trajectories of smoking behavior, intention, and willingness all assumed two distinct but constant latent classes independent of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that addressing attitudinal and control beliefs among adolescents and building on assertiveness via additional strategies in life skills such as appropriate refusal skills may be beneficial. The absence of a successful change in subjective norm should be a focus for future anti-smoking programs in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhao
- a School of Psychology and Counselling, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Katherine M White
- a School of Psychology and Counselling, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Ross McD Young
- b Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Australia
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20
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Clawson AH, Robinson LA, Berlin KS. Race, sex, and physician communication about tobacco as predictors of adolescent smoking trajectories in a primarily African American sample. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2018; 19:271-288. [PMID: 30453849 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2018.1520173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study identified latent classes of adolescent smoking and examined race, gender, and physician communication (PC) as predictors of class membership. Data were drawn from five waves of a large (N = 3,049), diverse (82.9% African American) study. Several latent classes were identified: nonsmoker, quitter, early-onset escalating smoking, early-onset stable high smoking, late-onset smoking, and declining smoking. Males, Whites, and teens who received PC were more likely to be in classes with more smoking. Our study identified several youth smoking patterns and differences in smoking based on race, gender, and receipt of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kristoffer S Berlin
- The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee.,University of Tennessee Health Science Center-Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
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21
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Lee J, Kim TH, Min S, Kim MH, Park KC, Moon JS, Ahn JS. Depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviours in adolescent non-daily smokers compared to daily smokers and never-smokers in Korea: National cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207182. [PMID: 30427886 PMCID: PMC6241131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to investigate the association of non-daily smoking with depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviours among adolescents by analysing data from the 2016 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS), a national school-based survey. METHODS We analysed data from a nationally representative sample of Korean adolescents aged 12-18 years (n = 65,528). We investigated the risks of depressive symptoms, suicide ideation, plan and attempt in adolescent non-daily smokers using multiple logistic regression analyses after adjusting for confounding factors. Taking into account the trajectory of smoking patterns in adolescents, we assessed all analyses with stratification by early (aged 12-15) and late (aged 16-18) adolescents. RESULTS Among early adolescents, non-daily smokers were more likely to have depressive symptoms, suicide ideation and plan compared with never smokers and even more likely to have depressive symptoms compared with daily smokers. Among late adolescents, non-daily smokers had higher risks of depressive symptoms, suicide ideation, plan and attempt than never smokers, whereas the risk for suicide attempts was lower than daily smokers. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that non-daily smoking in adolescents was associated with risks for depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviours, and the association was more prominent in early adolescents. Careful attention on the mental health of adolescent non-daily smokers is needed because this is an increasing and easily overlooked group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Lee
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Tae Hui Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Seongho Min
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Min-Hyuk Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Ki Chang Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jin Sil Moon
- Center of Biomedical Data Science (CBDS), Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Joung-Sook Ahn
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- * E-mail:
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22
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Kim SR, Kim HY, Kim JY, Kim HK. Type D personality as a predictor of smoking cessation failure in smoking high school adolescents. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Reul Kim
- College of Nursing, Korea University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- College of Nursing, Chonbuk National University, Chonbuk Research Institute of Nursing Science; Jeonju South Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- College of Nursing, Chonbuk National University, Chonbuk Research Institute of Nursing Science; Jeonju South Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Kim
- College of Nursing, Chonbuk National University, Chonbuk Research Institute of Nursing Science; Jeonju South Korea
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23
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Jongenelis MI, Brennan E, Slevin T, Kameron C, Rudaizky D, Pettigrew S. Differences in use of electronic nicotine delivery systems by smoking status and demographic characteristics among Australian young adults. Health Promot J Austr 2018; 30:207-211. [PMID: 30191637 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) continue to grow in popularity, particularly among young adults. Understanding by whom various ENDS are being used and why within this population segment can assist the development of appropriate interventions targeting those most vulnerable to use and inform policy decisions in this area. Accordingly, this study assessed the demographic characteristics associated with ENDS use among Australian young adults, and reasons for current e-cigarette use. METHODS An online survey was administered to 1116 Australians aged 18-25 years (59% female). RESULTS Smokers were more likely than non-smokers to report (a) ever use of ENDS (67% vs 28%), (b) ever use of an e-cigarette (64% vs 24%), e-cigar (17% vs 8%) or e-hookah (15% vs 8%) and (c) current use of e-cigarettes (19% vs 6%). Male smokers were more likely than female smokers to be current e-cigarette users. The most common reason for current e-cigarette use was enjoyment. CONCLUSIONS Young male adults appear to be particularly vulnerable to becoming regular e-cigarette users. This demographic group may need to be a primary focus of prevention and intervention efforts. Contrary to popular belief, smoking cessation was not a primary reason for e-cigarette use. SO WHAT?: Greater efforts are needed to educate young adults on the harms associated with ENDS use, especially if use is being driven by the perception that they are a harmless means of amusement. Maintaining existing regulations limiting the accessibility of these products is crucial to ensuring widespread use is minimised.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Brennan
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Terry Slevin
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.,Cancer Council Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Caitlin Kameron
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.,Cancer Council Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Daniel Rudaizky
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Pulvers K, Ridenour C, Woodcock A, Savin MJ, Holguin G, Hamill S, Romero DR. Marijuana use among adolescent multiple tobacco product users and unique risks of dual tobacco and marijuana use. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 189:80-89. [PMID: 29890454 PMCID: PMC6062467 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a peak time for uptake of both tobacco and marijuana (dual use). This study aimed to identify clusters of lifetime tobacco and marijuana use patterns and associated risk factors, and to determine whether dual tobacco and marijuana use is uniquely associated with greater risk than use of either tobacco or marijuana alone. METHOD High school students participated in a survey during Fall 2014 (N = 976; 68% Hispanic; 57% parental education < high school). Items from national youth surveys were used to measure lifetime and current use of tobacco products, marijuana, alcohol, drug use, and other risk behaviors, and literature-based surveys were used to measure psychological constructs. RESULTS Latent Class Analysis identified three clusters of lifetime tobacco use patterns (no tobacco, one or two products, and more than two products), each with a correspondingly distinct profile of risk behaviors; risk escalated with use of more tobacco products. Multinomial modeling characterized personal, environmental, and behavioral correlates of dual lifetime tobacco and marijuana use, including lower parental monitoring, lower grades, higher guilt, higher lifetime alcohol and drug use, and more substance use by friends, in reference to single lifetime use of either tobacco or marijuana. CONCLUSION Broader use of tobacco (i.e., more products) was associated with numerous risk factors. Dual lifetime use of tobacco and marijuana was associated with numerous risks compared to single use of either tobacco or marijuana. Longitudinal work is needed to understand temporal relationships between risk variables to determine optimal timing for interventions to reduce harmful behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Pulvers
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Marcos, 333 S Twin Oaks Valley Rd., San Marcos, CA 92096, United States.
| | - Cliff Ridenour
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Marcos, 333 S Twin Oaks Valley Rd., San Marcos, CA 92096, United States
| | - Anna Woodcock
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Marcos, 333 S Twin Oaks Valley Rd., San Marcos, CA 92096, United States
| | - Micah J Savin
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Marcos, 333 S Twin Oaks Valley Rd., San Marcos, CA 92096, United States
| | - Gabriel Holguin
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Marcos, 333 S Twin Oaks Valley Rd., San Marcos, CA 92096, United States
| | - Sharon Hamill
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Marcos, 333 S Twin Oaks Valley Rd., San Marcos, CA 92096, United States
| | - Devan R Romero
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University San Marcos, 333 S Twin Oaks Valley Rd., San Marcos, CA 92096, United States
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25
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Zhao X, Young RMCD, White KM. 'I'm not a smoker…yet': a qualitative study on perceptions of tobacco control in Chinese high schools. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e019483. [PMID: 29678968 PMCID: PMC5914720 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chinese adolescents' perceptions about tobacco control at schools are rarely researched. We explored how current antismoking strategies work in middle school environments, as well as the attitudes towards these strategies held by students and teaching staff members. METHODS Four focus groups (24 eleventh graders; Mage=16 years) and five indepth interviews (teaching staff members with tobacco control experience in schools) were conducted in Kunming, Yunnan Province, China. We used thematic analysis combining inductive and deductive processes, along with field observations and research group discussions, for data analysis. RESULTS With educational approaches and practical strategies, antismoking education reported in the middle schools had limited effectiveness. Although smoking is banned in schools, students can circumvent schools' controls easily. Notably salient is the pessimistic attitude towards school-based antismoking strategies at school. Detrimental influences within (teachers' smoking) and beyond schools (high societal smoking prevalence) largely challenged the efforts to manage students' smoking. CONCLUSIONS Current antismoking approaches in schools fail to curb smoking among Chinese high school students. Their effectiveness is undermined by both within-campus and off-campus influences. Students' perceptions of smoking should be valued as their knowledge of smoking is actively constructed. Future antismoking education at school should incorporate interactive sessions rather than merely didactic approaches about the harms of smoking. Although stricter rules for teachers' smoking are needed, complementary strategies such as population-level interventions and policy measures in wider society will assist in efforts within schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhao
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ross M cD Young
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katherine M White
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Dunbar MS, Tucker JS, Ewing BA, Parast L, Pedersen ER, Rodriguez A, D'Amico EJ. Ethnic Differences in Cigarette Use Trajectories and Health, Psychosocial, and Academic Outcomes. J Adolesc Health 2018; 62:327-333. [PMID: 29248389 PMCID: PMC6670291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cigarette smoking among youth is associated with poorer health and psychosocial outcomes. However, few studies address how smoking may differentially relate to the emergence of disparities in functioning across races/ethnicities over adolescence. METHODS Youth (n = 2,509) were surveyed eight times from ages 11 to 18. We measured cigarette use, academic and social functioning, mental and physical health, and delinquency. Sequelae of change models controlled for sociodemographic factors, and tested whether intercept and slope for smoking trajectories were associated with outcomes at the end of high school, and examined racial/ethnic differences in outcomes assuming similar smoking trajectories across groups. RESULTS Youth were 45% Hispanic, 20% Asian, 20% white, 10% multiethnic, 2% black, and 1% other ethnicities. Higher average probability of smoking and steeper slopes of smoking trajectories were associated with poorer outcomes in multiple domains. Controlling for smoking trajectories, we observed the following disparities (vs. white youth; all p's < .05): black, Hispanic, and multiethnic youth reported lower academic performance; Asian, black, and multiethnic youth reported higher academic unpreparedness; Asian and multiethnic youth reported poorer mental health; Asian, Hispanic, and multiethnic youth reported poorer physical health; and Asian youth reported higher delinquency and poorer social functioning. CONCLUSIONS Statistically adjusting for similar smoking trajectories, racial/ethnic minority youth demonstrated poorer outcomes in multiple domains compared with white peers. Smoking may be a particularly robust marker for risk of negative outcomes in racial/ethnic minority youth. Screening for cigarette use and intervening on smoking and associated risk behaviors among minority youth may help reduce disparities in functioning.
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Pollard MS, Tucker JS, Green HD, de la Haye K, Espelage DL. Adolescent peer networks and the moderating role of depressive symptoms on developmental trajectories of cannabis use. Addict Behav 2018; 76:34-40. [PMID: 28738220 PMCID: PMC5614846 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigated how depressive symptoms moderate the role of peer cannabis use on developmental patterns of individual cannabis use from adolescence to young adulthood, controlling for a broad set of individual and family factors. Data from two sources were analyzed separately: two saturated schools in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health Waves I-III (N=1550) covering 1994-2001; and three schools in the CARBIN study, covering 2012-2014. Discrete mixture models identified developmental trajectories of cannabis use in each data source, and logit models linked network and depressive symptom information to the trajectories. Five similar cannabis use trajectories were identified in both datasets: Nonuse, Low, Moderate, Increasing, and High. Peer cannabis use at baseline predicted higher individual cannabis use trajectories, controlling for a wide range of factors. However, the association between peer cannabis use and higher levels of use (Moderate and High) attenuated as the adolescent's level of depressive symptoms increased. Although these results may suggest that depression dampers adolescents' susceptibility to peer influence, these results are also consistent with the notion that depressed adolescents withdraw from their peer groups, distancing them from the initial source of peer influence over time. The resulting isolation may place adolescents at higher risk of adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Pollard
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, P.O. Box 3128, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138, United States.
| | - Joan S Tucker
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, P.O. Box 3128, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138, United States
| | - Harold D Green
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, P.O. Box 3128, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138, United States
| | - Kayla de la Haye
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, United States
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Terry-McElrath YM, O’Malley PM, Johnston LD. Discontinuous Patterns of Cigarette Smoking From Ages 18 to 50 in the United States: A Repeated-Measures Latent Class Analysis. Nicotine Tob Res 2017; 20:108-116. [PMID: 28371840 PMCID: PMC5896459 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Effective cigarette smoking prevention and intervention programming is enhanced by accurate understanding of developmental smoking pathways across the life span. This study investigated within-person patterns of cigarette smoking from ages 18 to 50 among a US national sample of high school graduates, focusing on identifying ages of particular importance for smoking involvement change. AIMS AND METHODS Using data from approximately 15,000 individuals participating in the longitudinal Monitoring the Future study, trichotomous measures of past 30-day smoking obtained at 11 time points were modeled using repeated-measures latent class analyses. Sex differences in latent class structure and membership were examined. RESULTS Twelve latent classes were identified: three characterized by consistent smoking patterns across age (no smoking; smoking < pack per day; smoking pack + per day); three showing uptake to a higher category of smoking across age; four reflecting successful quit behavior by age 50; and two defined by discontinuous shifts between smoking categories. The same latent class structure was found for both males and females, but membership probabilities differed between sexes. Although evidence of increases or decreases in smoking behavior was observed at virtually all ages through 35, 21/22 and 29/30 appeared to be particularly key for smoking category change within class. CONCLUSIONS This examination of latent classes of cigarette smoking among a national US longitudinal sample of high school graduates from ages 18 to 50 identified unique patterns and critical ages of susceptibility to change in smoking category within class. Such information may be of particular use in developing effective smoking prevention and intervention programming. IMPLICATIONS This study examined cigarette smoking among a national longitudinal US sample of high school graduates from ages 18 to 50 and identified distinct latent classes characterized by patterns of movement between no cigarette use, light-to-moderate smoking, and the conventional definition of heavy smoking at 11 time points via repeated-measures latent class analysis. Membership probabilities for each smoking class were estimated, and critical ages of susceptibility to change in smoking behaviors were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lloyd D Johnston
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Abstract
The college years are a formative period where the risk for development of problematic gambling is high. Research examining racial and ethnic differences in gambling behaviors has been limited and inconsistent. The aims of this study were to examine racial and ethnic differences in problem gambling among a large sample of college students. Undergraduates (N = 3058) from a large southern university completed an online screening questionnaire which included demographics, gambling frequency, gambling expenditure (i.e. money lost) in the previous 6 months, and the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS). Negative binomial regression results indicated that Asian participants gambled less frequently than participants who were Caucasian or Hispanic/Latino(a), but spent more money than participants who were African-American (AA)/Black or Hispanic/Latino(a). A significantly larger proportion of Asian students met probable pathological gambling criteria (SOGS 5+; 7.8 %) and at-risk gambling criteria (SOGS 3+; 16.3 %)) than Caucasian (5.2; 10.1 %), AA/Black (3.9; 10.2 %), or Hispanic/Latino(a) (3.6; 9.4 %) students. Additionally, a significantly larger proportion of Asian students endorsed problematic gambling indicators such as lying about losses, feeling guilty about gambling, feeling like they had a gambling problem, being criticized for their gambling, feeling like they couldn't stop gambling, losing time from school or work due to gambling, having a family history of problem gambling, and arguing with close others about their gambling than Caucasian, AA/Black or Hispanic/Latino(a) students. Results suggest that Asian students may be a high-risk sub-group of college gamblers, and that there is a critical need for targeted interventions for this population.
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Lenk KM, Erickson DJ, Forster JL. Trajectories of Cigarette Smoking From Teens to Young Adulthood: 2000 to 2013. Am J Health Promot 2017; 32:1214-1220. [PMID: 29214809 DOI: 10.1177/0890117117696358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify trajectories of smoking behaviors of a cohort of youth followed through young adulthood from 2000 to 2013. DESIGN The Minnesota Adolescent Community Cohort study, a population-based cohort study. SETTING Nationwide, originating in the Midwestern United States. PARTICIPANTS Cohort of youth surveyed for 14 years beginning at ages 12 to 16 (N = 4241 at baseline; 59% recruitment rate). MEASURES Main variable of interest was the number of days smoked in the past 30 days. Also included time-varying and time-invariant covariates. ANALYSIS We utilized growth mixture modeling to group individuals into trajectories over time. RESULTS We identified 5 distinct trajectories: nonsmokers (59.5%), early-onset regular smokers (14.2%), occasional smokers (11.5%), late-onset regular smokers (9.4%), and quitters (5.3%). Adjusted models showed that early- and late-onset regular smokers (compared to nonsmokers) had lower odds of attending or graduating from a 4-year college ( P < .05). Participants in all smoking classes compared to nonsmokers had greater odds of having more close friends who smoked ( P < .05). CONCLUSION Our results show that individuals in their teens through young adulthood can be classified into 5 smoking trajectories. More people in this age range remained abstainers than found in most previous studies; however, a sizable group was identified as regular smokers by the time they reached young adulthood. Interventions targeted at teens, including those that address social and environmental influences, are clearly still needed to prevent escalation of smoking as they move toward young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Lenk
- 1 Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Darin J Erickson
- 1 Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jean L Forster
- 1 Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Dutra LM, Glantz SA, Lisha NE, Song AV. Beyond experimentation: Five trajectories of cigarette smoking in a longitudinal sample of youth. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171808. [PMID: 28182748 PMCID: PMC5300123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The first goal of this study was to identify the most appropriate measure of cigarette smoking for identifying unique smoking trajectories among adolescents; the second goal was to describe the resulting trajectories and their characteristics. Using 15 annual waves of smoking data in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97), we conducted an exploratory latent class growth analysis to determine the best of four outcome variables for yearly smoking (cigarettes per day on days smoked, days smoked per month, mean cigarettes per day, and total cigarettes per month) among individuals aged 12 to 30 (n = 8,791). Days smoked per month was the best outcome variable for identifying unique longitudinal trajectories of smoking and characteristics of these trajectories that could be used to target different types of smokers for prevention and cessation. Objective statistics were used to identify four trajectories in addition to never smokers (34.1%): experimenters (13.6%), quitters (8.1%), early established smokers (39.0%), and late escalators (5.2%). We identified a quitter and late escalator class not identified in the only other comparable latent class growth analysis. Logistic regressions were used to identify the characteristics of individuals in each trajectory. Compared with never smokers, all trajectories except late escalators were less likely to be black; experimenters were more likely to be out of school and unemployed and drink alcohol in adolescence; quitters were more likely to have a mother with a high school degree/GED or higher (versus none) and to use substances in adolescence and less likely to have ever married as a young adult; early established smokers were more likely to have a mother with a high school diploma or GED, be out of school and unemployed, not live with both parents, have used substances, be depressed, and have peers who smoked in adolescence and to have children as young adults and less likely to be Hispanic and to have ever married as young adults; and late escalators were more likely to be Hispanic, drink alcohol, and break rules in adolescence and less likely to have ever married as young adults. Because of the number of waves of data analyzed, this analysis provided a clearer temporal depiction of smoking behavior and more easily distinguishable smoking trajectories than previous analyses. Tobacco control interventions need to move beyond youth-focused approaches to reach all smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Dutra
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Center for Health Policy Science and Tobacco Research, RTI International, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Stanton A. Glantz
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Nadra E. Lisha
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Anna V. Song
- Psychological Sciences, Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, California, United States of America
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DiFranza JR. Can tobacco dependence provide insights into other drug addictions? BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:365. [PMID: 27784294 PMCID: PMC5081932 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-1074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the field of addiction research, individuals tend to operate within silos of knowledge focused on specific drug classes. The discovery that tobacco dependence develops in a progression of stages and that the latency to the onset of withdrawal symptoms after the last use of tobacco changes over time have provided insights into how tobacco dependence develops that might be applied to the study of other drugs.As physical dependence on tobacco develops, it progresses through previously unrecognized clinical stages of wanting, craving and needing. The latency to withdrawal is a measure of the asymptomatic phase of withdrawal, extending from the last use of tobacco to the emergence of withdrawal symptoms. Symptomatic withdrawal is characterized by a wanting phase, a craving phase, and a needing phase. The intensity of the desire to smoke that is triggered by withdrawal correlates with brain activity in addiction circuits. With repeated tobacco use, the latency to withdrawal shrinks from as long as several weeks to as short as several minutes. The shortening of the asymptomatic phase of withdrawal drives an escalation of smoking, first in terms of the number of smoking days/month until daily smoking commences, then in terms of cigarettes smoked/day.The discoveries of the stages of physical dependence and the latency to withdrawal raises the question, does physical dependence develop in stages with other drugs? Is the latency to withdrawal for other substances measured in weeks at the onset of dependence? Does it shorten over time? The research methods that uncovered how tobacco dependence emerges might be fruitfully applied to the investigation of other addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R. DiFranza
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655 USA
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Tucker JS, Ellickson PL, Orlando M, Martino SC, Klein DJ. Substance use Trajectories from Early Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood: A Comparison of Smoking, Binge Drinking, and Marijuana use. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/002204260503500205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the past several years, there has been growing interest in identifying distinct developmental trajectories of substance use. Using data from the RAND Adolescent/Young Adult Panel Study (N = 6,527), we synthesize our prior findings on patterns of smoking, binge drinking, and marijuana use from early adolescence (age 13) to emerging adulthood (age 23). We also present new data on how these trajectory classes compare on key psychosocial and behavioral outcomes during emerging adulthood. For each type of substance use, we found two periods of vulnerability: early adolescence and the transition to emerging adulthood. As expected, early users were at relatively high risk for poor outcomes at age 23 compared to consistent low-level users and abstainers, even if they reduced their use during adolescence. However, youths who were not early users, but steadily increased their use over time, also tended to be at relatively high risk. Results suggest that multiple prevention approaches might be needed to successfully reach at-risk youths.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phyllis L. Ellickson
- Senior behavioral scientist and director of the RAND Center for Research on Child and Adolescent Health
| | - Maria Orlando
- Quantitative psychologist specializing in health research at RAND
| | | | - David J. Klein
- Full quantitative analyst in RAND's Statistical Research and Consulting Group, performing data management and statistical analysis
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Tahmasbi Pour N, Nasri S, Kasiri Y. Psycho-Social Strengthening Program for High-School Students: Targeting Female Students’ Attitudes Toward Drug Use. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/intjsh-32428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Cooke ME, Nasim A, Cho SB, Kendler KS, Clark SL, Dick DM. Predicting Tobacco Use across the First Year of College. Am J Health Behav 2016; 40:484-95. [PMID: 27338995 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.40.4.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess patterns of tobacco use across the first year of college, transitions in use, and associated predictors. METHODS The frequency of tobacco use (cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco, and hookah) during the fall and spring of 4073 college students' first year at college were used as indicators in latent class (LCA) and latent transition analyses (LTA). RESULTS The LCA yielded 3 classes that represent levels of use frequency and not specific tobacco product classes: non-using, experimenting, and frequent using. The LTA results demonstrate stability in class membership from fall to spring. The most common transition was for the fall experimenters to transition out of experimentation. A series of demographic, environmental, and intrapersonal predictors were found to influence both fall class membership, and transitions from fall to spring. CONCLUSIONS Students are likely to use multiple alternative tobacco products along with cigarettes. Their frequency of use of these products is fairly stable across the first year of college. Predictors reflecting experiences during the first year of college had the greatest impact on college tobacco use, demonstrating the importance of the college experience on young adult tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Cooke
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Aashir Nasim
- Department of African American Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Seung Bin Cho
- College Behavioral and Emotional Health Initiative (COBE), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Shaunna L Clark
- Center for Biomarker Research and Precision Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute (COBE), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Berg CJ, Haardörfer R, Lewis M, Getachew B, Lloyd SA, Thomas SF, Lanier A, Trepanier K, Johnston T, Grimsley L, Foster B, Benson S, Smith A, Barr DB, Windle M. DECOY: Documenting Experiences with Cigarettes and Other Tobacco in Young Adults. Am J Health Behav 2016; 40:310-21. [PMID: 27103410 PMCID: PMC4903022 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.40.3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined psychographic characteristics associated with tobacco use among Project DECOY participants. METHODS Project DECOY is a 2-year longitudinal mixed-methods study examining risk for tobacco use among 3418 young adults across 7 Georgia colleges/universities. Baseline measures included sociodemographics, tobacco use, and psychographics using the Values, Attitudes, and Lifestyle Scale. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to identify correlates of tobacco use. RESULTS Past 30-day use prevalence was: 13.3% cigarettes; 11.3% little cigars/cigarillos (LCCs); 3.6% smokeless tobacco; 10.9% e-cigarettes; and 12.2% hookah. Controlling for sociodemographics, correlates of cigarette use included greater novelty seeking (p < .001) and intellectual curiosity (p = .010) and less interest in tangible creation (p = .002) and social conservatism (p < .001). Correlates of LCC use included greater novelty seeking (p < .001) and greater fashion orientation (p = .007). Correlates of smokeless tobacco use included greater novelty seeking (p = .006) and less intellectual curiosity (p < .001). Correlates of e-cigarette use included greater novelty seeking (p < .001) and less social conservatism (p = .002). Correlates of hookah use included greater novelty seeking (p < .001), fashion orientation (p = .044), and self-focused thinking (p = .002), and less social conservatism (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Psychographic characteristics distinguish users of different tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla J Berg
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Regine Haardörfer
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael Lewis
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Betelihem Getachew
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Steven A Lloyd
- Department of Psychological Science, University of North Georgia, Dahlonega, GA, USA
| | - Sarah Fretti Thomas
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA, USA
| | - Angela Lanier
- Department of Kinesiology, Berry College, Mount Berry, GA, USA
| | | | - Teresa Johnston
- Center for Young Adult Addiction and Recovery, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Linda Grimsley
- Department of Nursing, Albany State University, Albany, GA, USA
| | - Bruce Foster
- Campus Life, Central Georgia Technical College, Warner Robins, GA, USA
| | | | - Alicia Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory University School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael Windle
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Nagarajan VD, Okoli CTC. A systematic review of tobacco use among adolescents with physical disabilities. Public Health 2016; 133:107-15. [PMID: 26877065 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a systematic review of tobacco use among adolescents with physical disabilities. STUDY DESIGN A systematic review. METHODS A search was performed of English articles published prior to December 2014 in the PubMed database for studies examining smoking rates among adolescents with and without physical disabilities. Ten studies were retrieved (all cross-sectional surveys) of which six compared adolescent populations from nationally representative samples and four examined those based on convenience sampling. Pooled analyses of smoking rates by disability status were performed. RESULTS In studies from nationally representative samples (n = 6 studies), adolescents with physical disabilities were significantly more likely to use tobacco as compared to adolescents without (pooled analyses = 29.7% vs 23.3%). However, in studies from non-representative samples, adolescents with physical disabilities were less likely to use tobacco as compared to adolescents without (pooled analyses = 22.7% vs 39.1%). CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with physical disabilities may have an increased risk of tobacco use relative to those without disabilities. Tailored tobacco use prevention and cessation strategies may be appropriate for this high-risk population. Future longitudinal studies which determine factors associated with tobacco use among adolescents with different disabilities should be considered to reduce the disproportionate tobacco use in this population.
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Richardson GB, Dai CL, Chen CC, Nedelec JL, Swoboda CM, Chen WW. Adolescent Life History Strategy in the Intergenerational Transmission and Developmental Stability of Substance Use. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0022042615623986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests that fast life history strategy (LHS) may be a primary driver of substance use among young adults. However, a recent study reported that (a) young adult fast LHS did not subsume all theorized indicators of LHS during this period and (b) fast LHS among parents did not predict young adult fast LHS or liability for use of common substances. In this study, we used structural equations and national data to test whether these findings generalized to adolescence. In addition, given that LHS and substance use share genetic and neuropsychological bases, we examined whether fast LHS could explain the developmental stability of substance use. Overall, our results extend the findings discussed above and suggest that fast LHS fully explains the developmental stability of substance use among youth. We discuss implications for life history models, research applying life history theory and substance use, and substance abuse prevention and treatment.
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Luh DL, Hsu HC, Chang WC, Pan LY. Sex Differences in Smoking Behavior Trajectory Patterns and Related Factors Among Older Adults in Taiwan. INT J GERONTOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijge.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Schauer GL, Malarcher AM, Asman KJ. Trends in the Average Age of Quitting Among U.S. Adult Cigarette Smokers. Am J Prev Med 2015; 49:939-44. [PMID: 26362404 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Quitting smoking at any age confers health benefits. However, studies have suggested that quitting by age 35 years leads to mortality rates similar to never smokers. This study assessed whether the mean and median ages of past-year quitting and prevalence of past-year quit attempts and successful quitting by age group changed over time. METHODS Data came from 113,599 adult cigarette smokers participating in the 1997-2012 National Health Interview Survey, an annual, cross-sectional household survey of U.S. adults aged ≥18 years. Mean and median ages of past-year successful abstinence (quit 6-12 months) were computed. Orthogonal polynomial logistic regression models tested for trends in quit attempts and successful quitting. Data were analyzed in 2014. RESULTS The average age of quitting (40.0 years in 1997-1998, 39.5 years in 2011-2012, p=0.80) and median age of quitting (35.9 years in 1997-1998, 36.9 years in 2011-2012, p=0.62) did not change over time. During 1997-2012, the percentage of smokers making a past-year quit attempt increased among those aged 25-34, 35-44, and 45-64 years; the percentage of smokers who reported quitting successfully increased among those aged 25-34 and 35-44 years (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Although the average age of quitting did not change over time, increases in past-year quit attempts and successful quitting occurred among adults aged 25-44 years. Proven population-level interventions--including price increases, mass media campaigns, comprehensive smoke-free policies, and health systems interventions--should be continued to further increase cessation, particularly among younger adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian L Schauer
- Carter Consulting, Inc., Contractor to the Office on Smoking and Health, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Ann M Malarcher
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kat J Asman
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Division, Research Triangle International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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Fakhfakh R, Jaidane I, Hsairi M, Ben Hamida AM. [Cigarette smoking initiation among Tunisian adolescents: Risk and protective factors]. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2015; 63:369-79. [PMID: 26525095 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since smoking is a major public health problem among Tunisian teenagers, it is important to identify the underlying risk and protective factors associated with initiation of this behavior. METHODS A cross-sectional, school-based survey of students was conducted by the Tunisian Ministry of Health among a nationally representative sample of 4172 adolescents aged between 12 and 20 years attending public, private, and professional secondary schools across Tunisia who participated in the Survey of the Health of Tunisian adolescents in 2000. For data analysis, we first calculated crude odds ratios (OR) followed by calculating adjusted OR after using multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS Almost one-third of respondents had already started smoking at an average age of 13 years, 6.4% among them smoked daily. Demographic vulnerabilities to smoking behavior were gender (boys more than girls), age and residence in urban areas and particularly in Greater Tunis and the North East. Familial and school factors were parental divorce, poor relationship with parents, poor integration into the peer group, and poor school investment. Psychological and behavioral factors were low self-esteem level and the occurrence of stressful life events, risk taking and alcohol consumption when there was no association with the depression, anxiety and body image. Protective factors against the experimental cigarettes were mainly sports and reading. CONCLUSION There are many factors associated with smoking behavior among adolescents. All of these predictors need to be considered in smoking prevention among Tunisian teenagers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fakhfakh
- Institut national de santé publique, 5-7, rue Khartoum-imm-le-Diplomat, 1002 Le Belvédère, Tunisie.
| | - I Jaidane
- Institut national de santé publique, 5-7, rue Khartoum-imm-le-Diplomat, 1002 Le Belvédère, Tunisie
| | - M Hsairi
- Institut national de santé publique, 5-7, rue Khartoum-imm-le-Diplomat, 1002 Le Belvédère, Tunisie
| | - A M Ben Hamida
- Département de médecine préventive et communautaire, faculté de médecine de Tunis, 15, rue Djebel-Lakhdhar, 1007 La Rabta, Tunisie
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Lakon CM, Hipp JR, Wang C, Butts CT, Jose R. Simulating Dynamic Network Models and Adolescent Smoking: The Impact of Varying Peer Influence and Peer Selection. Am J Public Health 2015; 105:2438-48. [PMID: 26469641 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2015.302789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We used a stochastic actor-based approach to examine the effect of peer influence and peer selection--the propensity to choose friends who are similar--on smoking among adolescents. Data were collected from 1994 to 1996 from 2 schools involved in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, with respectively 2178 and 976 students, and different levels of smoking. Our experimental manipulations of the peer influence and selection parameters in a simulation strategy indicated that stronger peer influence decreased school-level smoking. In contrast to the assumption that a smoker may induce a nonsmoker to begin smoking, adherence to antismoking norms may result in an adolescent nonsmoker inducing a smoker to stop smoking and reduce school-level smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Lakon
- Cynthia M. Lakon is with the Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine. John R. Hipp is with the Department of Criminology, Law, and Society, School of Social Ecology, and the Department of Sociology, University of California, Irvine. Cheng Wang is with the Department of Sociology at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. Carter T. Butts is with the Department of Sociology and the Department of Statistics and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of California, Irvine. Rupa Jose is with the Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, School of Social Ecology, at the University of California, Irvine
| | - John R Hipp
- Cynthia M. Lakon is with the Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine. John R. Hipp is with the Department of Criminology, Law, and Society, School of Social Ecology, and the Department of Sociology, University of California, Irvine. Cheng Wang is with the Department of Sociology at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. Carter T. Butts is with the Department of Sociology and the Department of Statistics and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of California, Irvine. Rupa Jose is with the Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, School of Social Ecology, at the University of California, Irvine
| | - Cheng Wang
- Cynthia M. Lakon is with the Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine. John R. Hipp is with the Department of Criminology, Law, and Society, School of Social Ecology, and the Department of Sociology, University of California, Irvine. Cheng Wang is with the Department of Sociology at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. Carter T. Butts is with the Department of Sociology and the Department of Statistics and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of California, Irvine. Rupa Jose is with the Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, School of Social Ecology, at the University of California, Irvine
| | - Carter T Butts
- Cynthia M. Lakon is with the Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine. John R. Hipp is with the Department of Criminology, Law, and Society, School of Social Ecology, and the Department of Sociology, University of California, Irvine. Cheng Wang is with the Department of Sociology at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. Carter T. Butts is with the Department of Sociology and the Department of Statistics and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of California, Irvine. Rupa Jose is with the Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, School of Social Ecology, at the University of California, Irvine
| | - Rupa Jose
- Cynthia M. Lakon is with the Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine. John R. Hipp is with the Department of Criminology, Law, and Society, School of Social Ecology, and the Department of Sociology, University of California, Irvine. Cheng Wang is with the Department of Sociology at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. Carter T. Butts is with the Department of Sociology and the Department of Statistics and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of California, Irvine. Rupa Jose is with the Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, School of Social Ecology, at the University of California, Irvine
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Kim SR, Kim HK, Kim JY, Kim HY, Ko SH, Park M. Smoking Cessation Failure Among Korean Adolescents. J Sch Nurs 2015; 32:155-63. [PMID: 26459106 DOI: 10.1177/1059840515610636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify smoking cessation failure subgroups among Korean adolescents. Participants were 379 smoking adolescents who joined a smoking cessation program. A questionnaire and a cotinine urine test were administered before the program began. Three months after the program ended, the cotinine urine test was repeated. A decision-tree model identified seven subgroups with low or high smoking cessation rates. The predictors of smoking cessation were intention to stop smoking, initiation of smoking, amount of cigarette use, self-efficacy, and paternal smoking status. The subgroup with the lowest smoking cessation rate included adolescents who did not have any intention to stop smoking and who had started smoking after eighth grade, and none of the participants in this group stopped smoking. The results of this study provide crucial information for tailored smoking cessation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Reul Kim
- College of Nursing, Chonbuk Research Institute of Nursing Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Kim
- College of Nursing, Chonbuk Research Institute of Nursing Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- College of Nursing, Chonbuk Research Institute of Nursing Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- College of Nursing, Chonbuk Research Institute of Nursing Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hee Ko
- College of Nursing, Chonbuk Research Institute of Nursing Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Park
- College of Nursing, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
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Williams RJ, Knight RA, Wills TA. Why Children Smoke in 2015 and Prospects for Stopping Them: a Review of Current Literature. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-015-0473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Weinberger AH, Franco CA, Hoff RA, Pilver CE, Steinberg MA, Rugle L, Wampler J, Cavallo DA, Krishnan-Sarin S, Potenza MN. Gambling behaviors and attitudes in adolescent high-school students: Relationships with problem-gambling severity and smoking status. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 65:131-8. [PMID: 25959617 PMCID: PMC4439395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Smoking is associated with more severe/extensive gambling in adults. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between smoking and gambling in adolescents. METHODS Analyses utilized survey data from 1591 Connecticut high-school students. Adolescents were classified by gambling (Low-Risk Gambling [LRG], At Risk/Problem Gambling [ARPG]) and smoking (current smoker, non-smoker). The main effects of smoking and the smoking-by-gambling interactions were examined for gambling behaviors (e.g., type, location), and gambling attitudes. Data were analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression; the latter controlled for gender, race/ethnicity, grade, and family structure. RESULTS For APRG adolescents, smoking was associated with greater online, school, and casino gambling; gambling due to anxiety and pressure; greater time spent gambling; early gambling onset; perceived parental approval of gambling; and decreased importance of measures to prevent teen gambling. For LRG adolescents, smoking was associated with non-strategic gambling (e.g., lottery gambling); school gambling; gambling in response to anxiety; gambling for financial reasons; greater time spent gambling; and decreased importance of measures to prevent teen gambling. Stronger relationships were found between smoking and casino gambling, gambling due to pressure, earlier onset of gambling, and parental perceptions of gambling for ARPG versus LRG adolescents. DISCUSSION Smoking is associated with more extensive gambling for both low- and high-risk adolescent gamblers. CONCLUSION Smoking may be a marker of more severe gambling behaviors in adolescents and important to consider in gambling prevention and intervention efforts with youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea H. Weinberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519 USA,Cancer Prevention and Control Research Program, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT 06520 USA,Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - Christine A. Franco
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519 USA
| | - Rani A. Hoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519 USA,Department of Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA,National Center for PTSD, Evaluation Division; VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT 06516 USA
| | - Corey E. Pilver
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | | | - Loreen Rugle
- Connecticut Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services Problem Gambling Services, Middletown, CT 06457, USA.
| | - Jeremy Wampler
- Connecticut Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services Problem Gambling Services, Middletown, CT 06457, USA.
| | - Dana A. Cavallo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519 USA
| | | | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519 USA,Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519 USA,Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519 USA
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Macy JT, Li J, Xun P, Presson CC, Chassin L. Dual Trajectories of Cigarette Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco Use From Adolescence to Midlife Among Males in a Midwestern US Community Sample. Nicotine Tob Res 2015; 18:186-95. [PMID: 25847287 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntv070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Identifying trajectories of tobacco use is critical for understanding its natural history and targeting interventions, but research on trajectories of smokeless tobacco and dual use of smokeless tobacco and cigarettes is very limited. This study identified tobacco use trajectories from adolescence to midlife and tested correlates of trajectory group membership. METHODS This study included all male participants in a longitudinal study who reported cigarette smoking or smokeless tobacco use in 1987, 1993, 1999, 2005, or 2011 (N = 2230). Group-based trajectory analyses were conducted with zero-inflated Poisson models. Analysis of covariance was used to test adolescent health beliefs associated with trajectory group membership. RESULTS Five smoking trajectory groups were identified: (1) consistent abstinence from cigarettes; (2) late onset intermittent, then cessation; (3) early onset regular, then cessation; (4) delayed onset regular, then cessation; and (5) consistent regular. Four smokeless tobacco trajectory groups were identified: (1) early onset, then cessation; (2) consistent abstinence from smokeless tobacco; (3) late onset, escalating; and (4) consistent regular. The proportion of participants in trajectory groups representing dual use was low. Adolescent beliefs favorable to smoking and smokeless tobacco were associated with membership in consistent regular use groups. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of dual use of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco was low, and there was little evidence to suggest switching between tobacco products. Participants who held more positive beliefs about smoking and smokeless tobacco as adolescents were more likely to be consistent regular users of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T Macy
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN;
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN
| | - Pengcheng Xun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN
| | - Clark C Presson
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Laurie Chassin
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
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Pbert L, Farber H, Horn K, Lando HA, Muramoto M, O'Loughlin J, Tanski S, Wellman RJ, Winickoff JP, Klein JD. State-of-the-art office-based interventions to eliminate youth tobacco use: the past decade. Pediatrics 2015; 135:734-47. [PMID: 25780075 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco use and tobacco smoke exposure are among the most important preventable causes of premature disease, disability, and death and therefore constitute a major pediatric health concern. The pediatric primary care setting offers excellent opportunities to prevent tobacco use in youth and to deliver cessation-related treatment to youth and parents who use tobacco. This report updates a "state-of-the-art" article published a decade ago on office-based interventions to address these issues. Since then there has been marked progress in understanding the nature, onset, and trajectories of tobacco use and nicotine addiction in youth with implications for clinical practice. In addition, clinicians need to remain abreast of emerging nicotine delivery systems, such as electronic cigarettes, that may influence uptake or continuation of smoking. Although evidence-based practice guidelines for treating nicotine addiction in youth are not yet available, research continues to build the evidence base toward that goal. In the interim, practical guidelines are available to assist clinicians in addressing nicotine addiction in the pediatric clinical setting. This article reports current practices in addressing tobacco in pediatric primary care settings. It reviews our increasing understanding of youth nicotine addiction, summarizes research efforts on intervention in the past decade and additional research needed going forward, and provides practical guidelines for pediatric health care providers to integrate tobacco use prevention and treatment into their clinical practice. Pediatric providers can and should play an important role in addressing tobacco use and dependence, both in the youth they care for and in parents who use tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harold Farber
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Kimberly Horn
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Harry A Lando
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Myra Muramoto
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jennifer O'Loughlin
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Susanne Tanski
- Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Robert J Wellman
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | | | - Jonathan D Klein
- Julius B. Richmond Center of Excellence, American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, Illinois
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Weinberger AH, Franco CA, Hoff RA, Pilver C, Steinberg MA, Rugle L, Wampler J, Cavallo DA, Krishnan-Sarin S, Potenza MN. Cigarette smoking, problem-gambling severity, and health behaviors in high-school students. Addict Behav Rep 2015. [PMID: 29531978 PMCID: PMC5845975 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Smoking and gambling are two significant public health concerns. Little is known about the association of smoking and gambling in adolescents. The current study of high-school adolescents examined: (1) smoking behavior by problem-gambling severity and (2) health-related variables by problem-gambling severity and smoking status. Methods Analyses utilized survey data from 1591 Connecticut high-school students. Adolescents were classified by problem-gambling severity (Low-Risk Gambling [LRG], At-Risk/Problem Gambling [ARPG]) and smoking status (current smoker, non-smoker). Analyses examined the smoking behavior of ARPG versus LRG adolescents as well as the smoking-by-problem-gambling-severity interactions for health and well-being measures (e.g., grades, substance use). Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used; the latter controlled for gender, race/ethnicity, school grade, and family structure. Results More adolescents with ARPG than LRG reported regular smoking, heavy smoking, early smoking onset, no smoking quit attempts, and parental approval of smoking. ARPG and LRG adolescents who smoked were more likely to report poor grades, lifetime use of marijuana and other drugs, current heavy alcohol use, current caffeine use, depression, and aggressive behaviors and less likely to report participation in extracurricular activities. The association between not participating in extracurricular activities and smoking was statistically stronger in the LRG compared to the ARPG groups. Post-hoc analyses implicated a range of extracurricular activities including team sports, school clubs, and church activities. Conclusions Smoking was associated with poorer health-related behaviors in both ARPG and LRG groups. Interventions with adolescents may benefit from targeting both smoking and gambling. We examined adolescent health behaviors by smoking status and gambling severity. Smoking was associated with poorer health behaviors for adolescent gamblers. Considering smoking may be helpful in interventions with adolescent gamblers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea H Weinberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.,Cancer Prevention and Control Research Program, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Christine A Franco
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Rani A Hoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.,Department of Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,National Center for PTSD, Evaluation Division, VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Corey Pilver
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | - Loreen Rugle
- Connecticut Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services Problem Gambling Services, Middletown, CT 06457, USA
| | - Jeremy Wampler
- Connecticut Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services Problem Gambling Services, Middletown, CT 06457, USA
| | - Dana A Cavallo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | | | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.,Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.,CASAColumbia, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
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Cantrell J, Pearson JL, Anesetti-Rothermel A, Xiao H, Kirchner TR, Vallone D. Tobacco Retail Outlet Density and Young Adult Tobacco Initiation. Nicotine Tob Res 2015; 18:130-7. [PMID: 25666816 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntv036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of evidence indicates that the density of tobacco retail outlets around the home residence may influence tobacco use among youth and adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of neighborhood tobacco retail outlet density on young adult initiation of different tobacco product types. METHODS Cross-sectional data from a 2013 nationally representative sample of young adults aged 18-34 was examined in relation to a 2012 geocoded listing of all outlets likely to sell tobacco in the United States. Separate multivariable logistic regression analyses examined associations between neighborhood outlet density and past 6 months first use of cigarettes, non-cigarette combustible products, and noncombustible products among adults aged 18-24 and 25-34. RESULTS Outlet density was significantly associated with recent initiation of cigarettes and other combustibles, but this impact varied for younger and older groups. Increased density was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of initiating cigarette use among adults aged 25-34 (OR = 3.75, 95% CI = 1.18, 11.90), and of initiating non-cigarette combustible use among 18-24 year olds (OR = 3.16, 95% CI = 1.03, 9.74). There was no impact of outlet density on recent noncombustible product initiation among either group. CONCLUSION This study is the first to examine the impact of tobacco outlet density on young adult initiation of cigarettes and other tobacco products. Findings demonstrate that residential neighborhood outlet density is associated with recent initiation of combustible products and this effect varies by product type and age. The tobacco outlet environment may be a critical factor in promoting young adult tobacco use initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Cantrell
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Legacy Foundation, Washington, DC; Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD;
| | - Jennifer L Pearson
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies at Legacy, Washington, DC
| | - Andrew Anesetti-Rothermel
- Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies at Legacy, Washington, DC; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Haijun Xiao
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Legacy Foundation, Washington, DC
| | - Thomas R Kirchner
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies at Legacy, Washington, DC
| | - Donna Vallone
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Legacy Foundation, Washington, DC; Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
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Berg CJ, Romero DR, Pulvers K. Perceived harm of tobacco products and individual schemas of a smoker in relation to change in tobacco product use over one year among young adults. Subst Use Misuse 2015; 50:90-8. [PMID: 25338288 PMCID: PMC4299871 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2014.958858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Given increases in nondaily smoking and alternative tobacco use among young adults, we examined the nature of change of various tobacco product use among college students over a year and predictors of use at one-year follow-up. METHODS An online survey was administered to students at six Southeast colleges and universities (N = 4,840; response rate = 20.1%) in Fall 2010, with attempts to follow up in Fall 2011 with a random subsample of 2,000 participants (N = 718; response rate = 35.9%). Data were analyzed from 698 participants with complete data regarding tobacco, marijuana, and alcohol use over a one-year period, perceived harm of tobacco use, and schemas of a "smoker" (as per the Classifying a Smoker Scale). RESULTS Baseline predictors of current smoking at follow-up included being White (p = .001), frequency of smoking (p < .001), alternative tobacco use (p < .001), and perceived harm of smoking (p = .02); marginally significant predictors included marijuana use (p = .06) and lower scores on the Classifying a Smoker Scale (p = .07). Baseline predictors of current smoking at follow-up among baseline nondaily smokers included more frequent smoking (p = .008); lower Classifying a Smoker Scale score was a marginally significant predictor (p = .06). Baseline predictors of alternative tobacco use at follow-up included being male (p = .007), frequency of smoking (p = .04), alternative tobacco use (p < .001), and frequency of alcohol use (p = .003); marginally significant predictors included marijuana use (p = .07) and lower perceived harm of smokeless tobacco (p = .06) and cigar products (p = .08). CONCLUSIONS Tobacco control campaigns and interventions might target schemas of a smoker and perceived risks of using various tobacco products, even at low levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla J. Berg
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Devan R. Romero
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University San Marcos, Twin Oaks Valley Rd, San Marcos, California, USA
| | - Kim Pulvers
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Marcos, Twin Oaks Valley Rd, San Marcos, California, USA
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