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Liu H, Liu Z, Wong HK, Xu N, Liu Q, Li Y, Liu Y, Wong H, Burt ME, Jossy SV, Han J, He Y. Therapeutic Strategies Against Metabolic Imbalance in a Male Mouse Model With 5-HT2CR Loss-of-Function. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae063. [PMID: 38815086 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The serotonin 2C receptor (5-HT2CR)-melanocortin pathway plays well-established roles in the regulation of feeding behavior and body weight homeostasis. Dysfunctions in this system, such as loss-of-function mutations in the Htr2c gene, can lead to hyperphagia and obesity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic strategies for ameliorating hyperphagia, hyperglycemia, and obesity associated with a loss-of-function mutation in the Htr2c gene (Htr2cF327L/Y). We demonstrated that reexpressing functional 5-HT2CR solely in hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons is sufficient to reduce food intake and body weight in Htr2cF327L/Y mice subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD). In addition, 5-HT2CR expression restores the responsiveness of POMC neurons to lorcaserin, a selective agonist for 5-HT2CR. Similarly, administration of melanotan II, an agonist of the melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R), effectively suppresses feeding and weight gain in Htr2cF327L/Y mice. Strikingly, promoting wheel-running activity in Htr2cF327L/Y mice results in a decrease in HFD consumption and improved glucose homeostasis. Together, our findings underscore the crucial role of the melanocortin system in alleviating hyperphagia and obesity related to dysfunctions of the 5-HT2CR, and further suggest that MC4R agonists and lifestyle interventions might hold promise in counteracting hyperphagia, hyperglycemia, and obesity in individuals carrying rare variants of the Htr2c gene.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C/metabolism
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C/genetics
- Male
- Mice
- Hyperphagia/metabolism
- Hyperphagia/genetics
- Pro-Opiomelanocortin/metabolism
- Pro-Opiomelanocortin/genetics
- Diet, High-Fat
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/genetics
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/genetics
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/metabolism
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/agonists
- alpha-MSH/pharmacology
- alpha-MSH/analogs & derivatives
- Loss of Function Mutation
- Hypothalamus/metabolism
- Body Weight/drug effects
- Eating/drug effects
- Eating/physiology
- Eating/genetics
- Neurons/metabolism
- Neurons/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hyperglycemia/metabolism
- Hyperglycemia/genetics
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Benzazepines
- Peptides, Cyclic
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailan Liu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhaoxun Liu
- Nursing Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
- Department of Emergency, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - HueyXian Kelly Wong
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nathan Xu
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qingzhuo Liu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yongxiang Li
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yao Liu
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - HueyZhong Wong
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Megan E Burt
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sanika V Jossy
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Junying Han
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yang He
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Song X, Xu W, Li Z, Zhang X, Liu C, Han K, Chen L, Shi Y, Xu C, Han D, Luo R, Cao Y, Li Q, Yang H, Lu Q, Qin J, Wang X, Hu C, Li X. Peripheral 5-HT Mediates Gonadotropin-Inhibitory Hormone-Induced Feeding Behavior and Energy Metabolism Disorder in Chickens via the 5-HT2C Receptor. Neuroendocrinology 2024:1-26. [PMID: 38718758 DOI: 10.1159/000539238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the discovery of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), it has been found to play a critical role in reproduction in vertebrates. Recently, a regulatory role of GnIH in appetite and energy metabolism has emerged, although its precise physiological mechanisms remain unknown. METHODS Thus, the present study evaluated the effects of a single or long-term intraperitoneal GnIH treatment on the food intake, weight, and glucolipid metabolism of chickens, as well as investigating the possible neuroendocrinology factors and mechanisms involved in GnIH-induced obesity and glucolipid metabolism disorder. RESULTS Our results show that the intraperitoneal administration of GnIH to chickens resulted in a marked body mass increase, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and glucose intolerance. Subsequently, the results of metabolomics studies and the pharmacological inhibition of the 5-HT2C receptor revealed that blocking the 5-HT2C receptor reinforced the effects of GnIH on food intake, body weight, and blood glucose and lipid levels, resulting in even worse cases of GnIH-induced hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hepatic lipid deposition. This suggests that, via the 5-HT2C receptor, peripheral 5-HT may act as a negative feedback regulator to interplay with GnIH and jointly control energy balance homeostasis in chickens. DISCUSSION Our present study provides evidence of cross-talk between GnIH and 5-HT in food intake and energy metabolism at the in vivo pharmacological level, and it proposes a molecular basis for these interactions, suggesting that functional interactions between GnIH and 5-HT may open new avenues for understanding the mechanism of the neuroendocrine network involved in appetite and energy metabolism, as well as providing a new therapeutic strategy to prevent obesity, diabetes, and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
| | - Wenhao Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
| | - Zixin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
| | - Kaiou Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
| | - Yan Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
| | - Changlin Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
| | - Dongyang Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
| | - Rongrong Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
| | - Yajie Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
| | - Qingwen Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
| | - Huihua Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
| | - Qiucheng Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
| | - Jin Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoye Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
| | - Chuanhuo Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
| | - Xun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
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Nakamura S, Sasaki T, Uenoyama Y, Inoue N, Nakanishi M, Yamada K, Morishima A, Suzumura R, Kitagawa Y, Morita Y, Ohkura S, Tsukamura H. Raphe glucose-sensing serotonergic neurons stimulate KNDy neurons to enhance LH pulses via 5HT2CR: rat and goat studies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10190. [PMID: 38702366 PMCID: PMC11068885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58470-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of central serotonergic neurons is known to cause depressive disorders in humans, who often show reproductive and/or glucose metabolism disorders. This study examined whether dorsal raphe (DR) serotonergic neurons sense high glucose availability to upregulate reproductive function via activating hypothalamic arcuate (ARC) kisspeptin neurons (= KNDy neurons), a dominant stimulator of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)/gonadotropin pulses, using female rats and goats. RNA-seq and histological analysis revealed that stimulatory serotonin-2C receptor (5HT2CR) was mainly expressed in the KNDy neurons in female rats. The serotonergic reuptake inhibitor administration into the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH), including the ARC, significantly blocked glucoprivic suppression of luteinizing hormone (LH) pulses and hyperglycemia induced by intravenous 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) administration in female rats. A local infusion of glucose into the DR significantly increased in vivo serotonin release in the MBH and partly restored LH pulses and hyperglycemia in the 2DG-treated female rats. Furthermore, central administration of serotonin or a 5HT2CR agonist immediately evoked GnRH pulse generator activity, and central 5HT2CR antagonism blocked the serotonin-induced facilitation of GnRH pulse generator activity in ovariectomized goats. These results suggest that DR serotonergic neurons sense high glucose availability to reduce gluconeogenesis and upregulate reproductive function by activating GnRH/LH pulse generator activity in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Nakamura
- Laboratory of Animal Production Science, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Togo-cho, Aichi, 470-0151, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Laboratory of Animal Production Science, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Togo-cho, Aichi, 470-0151, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Uenoyama
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Naoko Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Marina Nakanishi
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Koki Yamada
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ai Morishima
- Laboratory of Animal Production Science, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Togo-cho, Aichi, 470-0151, Japan
| | - Reika Suzumura
- Laboratory of Animal Production Science, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Togo-cho, Aichi, 470-0151, Japan
| | - Yuri Kitagawa
- Laboratory of Animal Production Science, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Togo-cho, Aichi, 470-0151, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Morita
- Laboratory of Animal Production Science, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Togo-cho, Aichi, 470-0151, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ohkura
- Laboratory of Animal Production Science, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Togo-cho, Aichi, 470-0151, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tsukamura
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan.
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4
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Liu H, Wang G, Zhang J, Lu B, Li D, Chen J. Inhalation of diesel exhaust particulate matter accelerates weight gain via regulation of hypothalamic appetite-related genes and gut microbiota metabolism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133570. [PMID: 38309172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Mice exposed to diesel exhaust particulate matter (DEPM) exhibited accelerated weight gain. Several hypothalamic genes, hormones (serum Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis hormones and gastrointestinal peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY)), metabolites (intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)), and gut microbiota structure, which may influence obesity and appetite regulation, were examined. The result suggested that DEPM-induced accelerated weight gain may be associated with increased expression of hypothalamic Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type B receptor, tight junction protein, and orexin receptors, in addition with decreased IHTG and repressed HPA axis. Moreover, changes in the structure of intestinal microbiota are also related to weight changes, especially for phylum Firmicutes, genus Lactobacillus, and the ratio of relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (F/B). DEPM exposure also caused widespread increase in the levels of intestinal SCFAs, the concentrations of propionic acid and isobutyric acid were associated with weight gain rate and the abundance of some bacteria. Although DEPM exposure caused changes in expression of hypothalamic serotonin, NPY, and melanocortin receptors, they were not associated with weight changes. Furthermore, no significant difference in gastrointestinal PYY and expression of hypothalamic receptors for leptin, insulin, and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptors was observed between DEPM-exposed and control mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guicheng Wang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bingjie Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Kim H, Park KT, Jo H, Shin Y, Chung G, Ko SG, Jin YH, Kim W. The effect of ginger extract on cisplatin-induced acute anorexia in rats. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1267254. [PMID: 38026983 PMCID: PMC10665510 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1267254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent widely used to treat various cancers. However, several side effects have been reported in treated patients. Among these, acute anorexia is one of the most severe secondary effects. In this study, a single oral administration of 100 or 500 mg/kg ginger extract (GE) significantly alleviated the cisplatin-induced decrease in food intake in rats. However, these body weight and water intake decreases were reversed in the 100 mg/kg group rats. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of action, serotonin (5-HT) and 5-HT2C, 3A, and 4 receptors in the nodose ganglion of the vagus nerve were investigated. The results showed that cisplatin-induced increases in serotonin levels in both the blood and nodose ganglion tissues were significantly decreased by100 and 500 mg/kg of GE administration. On 5-HT receptors, 5-HT3A and 4, but not 2C receptors, were affected by cisplatin, and GE 100 and 500 mg/kg succeeded in downregulating the evoked upregulated gene of these receptors. Protein expression of 5-HT3A and 4 receptors were also reduced in the 100 mg/kg group. Furthermore, the injection of 5-HT3A, and 4 receptors antagonists (palonostron, 0.1 mg/kg, i.p.; piboserod, 1 mg/kg, i.p., respectively) in cisplatin treated rats prevented the decrease in food intake. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, [6]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol were identified and quantified as the major components of GE, comprising 4.12% and 2.15% of the GE, respectively. Although [6]-gingerol or [6]-shogaol alone failed to alleviate the evoked anorexia, when treated together, the effect was significant on the cisplatin-induced decrease in food intake. These results show that GE can be considered a treatment option to alleviate cisplatin-induced anorexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonah Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Tae Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejoon Jo
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuchan Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geehoon Chung
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Jin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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6
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Cameron LP, Benetatos J, Lewis V, Bonniwell EM, Jaster AM, Moliner R, Castrén E, McCorvy JD, Palner M, Aguilar-Valles A. Beyond the 5-HT 2A Receptor: Classic and Nonclassic Targets in Psychedelic Drug Action. J Neurosci 2023; 43:7472-7482. [PMID: 37940583 PMCID: PMC10634557 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1384-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonergic psychedelics, such as psilocybin and LSD, have garnered significant attention in recent years for their potential therapeutic effects and unique mechanisms of action. These compounds exert their primary effects through activating serotonin 5-HT2A receptors, found predominantly in cortical regions. By interacting with these receptors, serotonergic psychedelics induce alterations in perception, cognition, and emotions, leading to the characteristic psychedelic experience. One of the most crucial aspects of serotonergic psychedelics is their ability to promote neuroplasticity, the formation of new neural connections, and rewire neuronal networks. This neuroplasticity is believed to underlie their therapeutic potential for various mental health conditions, including depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. In this mini-review, we will discuss how the 5-HT2A receptor activation is just one facet of the complex mechanisms of action of serotonergic psychedelics. They also interact with other serotonin receptor subtypes, such as 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C receptors, and with neurotrophin receptors (e.g., tropomyosin receptor kinase B). These interactions contribute to the complexity of their effects on perception, mood, and cognition. Moreover, as psychedelic research advances, there is an increasing interest in developing nonhallucinogenic derivatives of these drugs to create safer and more targeted medications for psychiatric disorders by removing the hallucinogenic properties while retaining the potential therapeutic benefits. These nonhallucinogenic derivatives would offer patients therapeutic advantages without the intense psychedelic experience, potentially reducing the risks of adverse reactions. Finally, we discuss the potential of psychedelics as substrates for post-translational modification of proteins as part of their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay P Cameron
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Palo Alto 94305, California
| | - Joseph Benetatos
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla 92093, California
| | - Vern Lewis
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa K1S 5B6, Ontario Canada
| | - Emma M Bonniwell
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, Wisconsin
| | - Alaina M Jaster
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298, Virginia
| | - Rafael Moliner
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Eero Castrén
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - John D McCorvy
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, Wisconsin
| | - Mikael Palner
- Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense DK-2100, Denmark
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7
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Kim E, Rim D, Shin JH, Wong D, Kim DW. The Use of Phentermine for Obesity in Psychiatric Patients With Antipsychotics. Psychiatry Investig 2023; 20:799-807. [PMID: 37794661 PMCID: PMC10555508 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2023.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Phentermine is a commonly used weight-loss agent in the United States, but there is a little information about the use of phentermine for patients with obesity taking antipsychotic medications. METHODS We gathered 57 patients with obesity taking antipsychotic medications whose phentermine treatment was simultaneous with or after any type of antipsychotic exposure and collected data of clinical information, initial/follow-up anthropometric variables, and adverse events (AEs) for the 6-month study period. RESULTS In total, the mean body weight reduction (BWR) was 4.45 (7.04) kg, and the mean BWR percent (BWR%) was 3.92% (6.96%) at 6 months. Based on the response to phentermine, the patients were classified into two groups: the responder (n=25; BWR% ≥5%) and nonresponder (n=32; BWR% <5%) groups. The responder group's mean BWR and BWR% were 10.13 (4.43) kg and 9.35% (4.09%), respectively, at 6 months. The responders had higher rates of anticonvulsant combination therapy (ACT; responder, 72.0% vs. non-responder, 43.8%; p=0.033) and a shorter total antipsychotic exposure duration (responder, 23.9 [16.9] months vs. non-responder, 37.2 [27.6] months; p= 0.039). After adjusting age, sex, and initial body weight, ACT maintained a significant association with phentermine response (odds ratio=3.840; 95% confidence interval: 1.082-13.630; p=0.037). In the final cohort, there was no report of adverse or new-onset psychotic symptoms, and the common AEs were sleep disturbances, dry mouth, and dizziness. CONCLUSION Overall, phentermine was effective and tolerable for patients with obesity taking antipsychotic medications, and ACT (predominantly topiramate) augmented the weight-loss effect of phentermine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunju Kim
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Weight Management, Boston University, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Mood Disorder Clinic and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bunding Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel Rim
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Weight Management, Boston University, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeong-Hun Shin
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Weight Management, Boston University, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Denise Wong
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Weight Management, Boston University, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Weight Management, Boston University, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Conde K, Fang S, Xu Y. Unraveling the serotonin saga: from discovery to weight regulation and beyond - a comprehensive scientific review. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:143. [PMID: 37550777 PMCID: PMC10408233 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is rapidly increasing worldwide, while the development of effective obesity therapies lags behind. Although new therapeutic targets to alleviate obesity are identified every day, and drug efficacy is improving, adverse side effects and increased health risks remain serious issues facing the weight-loss industry. Serotonin, also known as 5-HT, has been extensively studied in relation to appetite reduction and weight loss. As a result, dozens of upstream and downstream neural targets of 5-HT have been identified, revealing a multitude of neural circuits involved in mediating the anorexigenic effect of 5-HT. Despite the rise and fall of several 5-HT therapeutics in recent decades, the future of 5-HT as a therapeutic target for weight-loss therapy looks promising. This review focuses on the history of serotonin, the state of current central serotonin research, previous serotonergic therapies, and the future of serotonin for treating individuals with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Conde
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.
| | - Shuzheng Fang
- College of Art and Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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9
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Yoo ES, Sohn JW. Is Obesity Inherited? Htr2c variants in human obesity. Mol Cells 2023; 46:206-208. [PMID: 37021497 PMCID: PMC10086558 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2023.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Seon Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Sohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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10
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Desai A, Chen R, Cayetano A, Jayasena CN, Minhas S. Understanding and treating ejaculatory dysfunction in men with diabetes mellitus. Andrology 2023; 11:379-398. [PMID: 35933708 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a rapidly rising metabolic disorder with important systemic complications. Global figures have demonstrated the prevalence of diabetes mellitus has almost quadrupled from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014, with a current prevalence of over 525 million. Of the male sexual dysfunction resulting from diabetes mellitus, significant focus is afforded to erectile dysfunction. Nevertheless, ejaculatory dysfunction constitutes important sexual sequelae in diabetic men, with up to 35%-50% of men with diabetes mellitus suffering from ejaculatory dysfunction. Despite this, aspects of its pathophysiology and treatment are less well understood than erectile dysfunction. The main disorders of ejaculation include premature ejaculation, delayed ejaculation, anejaculation and retrograde ejaculation. Although ejaculatory dysfunction in diabetes mellitus can have complex multifactorial aetiology, understanding its pathophysiological mechanisms has facilitated the development of therapies in the management of ejaculatory dysfunction. Most of our understanding of its pathophysiology is derived from diabetic animal models; however, observational studies in humans have also provided useful information in elucidating important associative factors potentially contributing to ejaculatory dysfunction in diabetic men. These have provided the potential for more tailored treatment regimens in patients depending on the ejaculatory disorder, other co-existing sequelae of diabetes mellitus, specific metabolic factors as well as the need for fertility treatment. However, evidence for treatment of ejaculatory dysfunction, especially delayed ejaculation and retrograde ejaculation, is based on low-level evidence comprising small sample-size series and retrospective or cross-sectional studies. Whilst promising findings from large randomised controlled trials have provided strong evidence for the licensed treatment of premature ejaculation, similar robust studies are needed to accurately elucidate factors predicting ejaculatory dysfunction in diabetes mellitus, as well as for the development of pharmacotherapies for delayed ejaculation and retrograde ejaculation. Similarly, more contemporary robust data are required for fertility outcomes in these patients, including methods of sperm retrieval and assisted reproductive techniques in retrograde ejaculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Desai
- Department of Andrology, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Runzhi Chen
- Department of Andrology, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Axel Cayetano
- Department of Andrology, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Channa N Jayasena
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Suks Minhas
- Department of Andrology, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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11
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Lavoie O, Michael NJ, Caron A. A critical update on the leptin-melanocortin system. J Neurochem 2023; 165:467-486. [PMID: 36648204 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of leptin in 1994 was an "eureka moment" in the field of neurometabolism that provided new opportunities to better understand the central control of energy balance and glucose metabolism. Rapidly, a prevalent model in the field emerged that pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons were key in promoting leptin's anorexigenic effects and that the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) was a key region for the regulation of energy homeostasis. While this model inspired many important discoveries, a growing body of literature indicates that this model is now outdated. In this review, we re-evaluate the hypothalamic leptin-melanocortin model in light of recent advances that directly tackle previous assumptions, with a particular focus on the ARC. We discuss how segregated and heterogeneous these neurons are, and examine how the development of modern approaches allowing spatiotemporal, intersectional, and chemogenetic manipulations of melanocortin neurons has allowed a better definition of the complexity of the leptin-melanocortin system. We review the importance of leptin in regulating glucose homeostasis, but not food intake, through direct actions on ARC POMC neurons. We further highlight how non-POMC, GABAergic neurons mediate leptin's direct effects on energy balance and influence POMC neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Lavoie
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Natalie Jane Michael
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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12
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Jahromi SR, Martami F, Morad Soltani K, Togha M. Migraine and obesity: what is the real direction of their association? Expert Rev Neurother 2023; 23:75-84. [PMID: 36714917 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2023.2173575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent decades, studies have addressed the issue of how migraine and obesity are related and have suggested obesity as a risk factor for migraine headache. However, the exact direction of this relationship remains under debate. In this review, the authors summarize the evidence that have suggested migraine as a risk factor for obesity and overweightness. AREAS COVERED This article reviews the results of the previous research published on PubMed and Scopus databases (from 2000 to 2020) concerning the association between migraine and obesity to determine the actual direction of their association. Special attention has been given to the common mechanistic pathways involved in the pathophysiology of migraine and obesity. EXPERT OPINION The majority of research conducted thus far has considered obesity as a risk factor for migraine. However, because of the cross-sectional design of available research, we cannot be certain of the proposed direction of this association. There is evidence supporting the hypothesis that obesity can serve as a consequence of migraine through the effects of neuropeptides, inflammatory mediators, adipokines, gut microbiota and modifications in eating behavior and lifestyle. However, the real direction of the relationship between migraine and obesity should be further investigated in large prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soodeh Razeghi Jahromi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Martami
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kasra Morad Soltani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Togha
- Headache Department, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cao TXD, Filliter C, Montastruc F, Yu OHY, Fergusson E, Rej S, Azoulay L, Renoux C. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in youths. J Affect Disord 2022; 318:231-237. [PMID: 36084758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in youths, possibly via 5-HT2C, H1 receptors and serotonin transporter (SERT). SSRIs have similar affinity for SERT but variable affinity for 5-HT2C and H1. This study assessed whether SSRIs with strong affinity for 5-HT2C and H1 (relative to SERT) were associated with T2DM risk compared with weak-affinity SSRIs. METHODS Using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink, we assembled a cohort of patients aged 5-24, newly prescribed a strong-affinity SSRI (citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine) or weak affinity (paroxetine, sertraline, fluvoxamine) between 1990 and 2019. We controlled for confounding using standardized mortality ratio weighting, estimated from calendar time-specific propensity scores. We used weighted Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of incident T2DM with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS The cohort included 347,368 new users of strong-affinity SSRIs and 131,359 of weak-affinity SSRIs. Strong-affinity SSRIs were not associated with an increased T2DM risk compared with weak-affinity SSRIs (incidence rate 2.8 vs 2.7 per 1000 person-years; HR 1.03, 95 % CI 0.85-1.25). T2DM risk did not vary with duration of use, age or sex. However, the HR was numerically higher in youths with normal or low weight (HR 1.30, 95 % CI 0.85-1.98) and with prior antipsychotic use (HR 1.62, 95 % CI 0.83-3.18). LIMITATIONS Median duration of SSRI use, in line with real-world SSRI prescribing, was relatively short. CONCLUSION T2DM risk did not differ between strong- and weak-affinity SSRIs, providing reassurance for clinicians when choosing between SSRIs in youths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Xuan Dai Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christopher Filliter
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - François Montastruc
- Department of Clinical and Medical Pharmacology, Regional Pharmacovigilance Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Oriana Hoi Yun Yu
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Division of Endocrinology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Emma Fergusson
- Oxford Health NHS Trust, Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Soham Rej
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurent Azoulay
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christel Renoux
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
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14
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Wang W, Hapach LA, Griggs L, Smart K, Wu Y, Taufalele PV, Rowe MM, Young KM, Bates ME, Johnson AC, Ferrell NJ, Pozzi A, Reinhart-King CA. Diabetic hyperglycemia promotes primary tumor progression through glycation-induced tumor extracellular matrix stiffening. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo1673. [PMID: 36399580 PMCID: PMC9674287 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo1673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder that is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Despite this correlation, the interplay between tumor progression and diabetes, particularly with regard to stiffening of the extracellular matrix, is still mechanistically unclear. Here, we established a murine model where hyperglycemia was induced before breast tumor development. Using the murine model, in vitro systems, and patient samples, we show that hyperglycemia increases tumor growth, extracellular matrix stiffness, glycation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tumor cells. Upon inhibition of glycation or mechanotransduction in diabetic mice, these same metrics are reduced to levels comparable with nondiabetic tumors. Together, our study describes a novel biomechanical mechanism by which diabetic hyperglycemia promotes breast tumor progression via glycating the extracellular matrix. In addition, our work provides evidence that glycation inhibition is a potential adjuvant therapy for diabetic cancer patients due to the key role of matrix stiffening in both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Lauren A. Hapach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lauren Griggs
- College of Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kyra Smart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Yusheng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Paul V. Taufalele
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Matthew M. Rowe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Katherine M. Young
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Madison E. Bates
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Andrew C. Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Ferrell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Veterans Affairs Hospitals, Nashville, TN 37684, USA
| | - Cynthia A. Reinhart-King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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15
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Haque N, Tischkau SA. Sexual Dimorphism in Adipose-Hypothalamic Crosstalk and the Contribution of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor to Regulate Energy Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147679. [PMID: 35887027 PMCID: PMC9322714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are fundamental sex differences in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of energy balance that account for this asymmetry will assist in developing sex-specific therapies for sexually dimorphic diseases such as obesity. Multiple organs, including the hypothalamus and adipose tissue, play vital roles in the regulation of energy homeostasis, which are regulated differently in males and females. Various neuronal populations, particularly within the hypothalamus, such as arcuate nucleus (ARC), can sense nutrient content of the body by the help of peripheral hormones such leptin, derived from adipocytes, to regulate energy homeostasis. This review summarizes how adipose tissue crosstalk with homeostatic network control systems in the brain, which includes energy regulatory regions and the hypothalamic–pituitary axis, contribute to energy regulation in a sex-specific manner. Moreover, development of obesity is contingent upon diet and environmental factors. Substances from diet and environmental contaminants can exert insidious effects on energy metabolism, acting peripherally through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Developmental AhR activation can impart permanent alterations of neuronal development that can manifest a number of sex-specific physiological changes, which sometimes become evident only in adulthood. AhR is currently being investigated as a potential target for treating obesity. The consensus is that impaired function of the receptor protects from obesity in mice. AhR also modulates sex steroid receptors, and hence, one of the objectives of this review is to explain why investigating sex differences while examining this receptor is crucial. Overall, this review summarizes sex differences in the regulation of energy homeostasis imparted by the adipose–hypothalamic axis and examines how this axis can be affected by xenobiotics that signal through AhR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmul Haque
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA;
| | - Shelley A. Tischkau
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA;
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
- Correspondence:
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16
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Liu T, Xu Y, Yi CX, Tong Q, Cai D. The hypothalamus for whole-body physiology: from metabolism to aging. Protein Cell 2022; 13:394-421. [PMID: 33826123 PMCID: PMC9095790 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-021-00834-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and aging are two important epidemic factors for metabolic syndrome and many other health issues, which contribute to devastating diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, stroke and cancers. The brain plays a central role in controlling metabolic physiology in that it integrates information from other metabolic organs, sends regulatory projections and orchestrates the whole-body function. Emerging studies suggest that brain dysfunction in sensing various internal cues or processing external cues may have profound effects on metabolic and other physiological functions. This review highlights brain dysfunction linked to genetic mutations, sex, brain inflammation, microbiota, stress as causes for whole-body pathophysiology, arguing brain dysfunction as a root cause for the epidemic of aging and obesity-related disorders. We also speculate key issues that need to be addressed on how to reveal relevant brain dysfunction that underlines the development of these disorders and diseases in order to develop new treatment strategies against these health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiemin Liu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Human Phenome Institute, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Yong Xu
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XChildren’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Qingchun Tong
- grid.453726.10000 0004 5906 7293Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Graduate Program in Neuroscience of MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Dongsheng Cai
- grid.251993.50000000121791997Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461 USA
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Chávez J, Alcántara-Alonso V, García-Luna C, Soberanes-Chávez P, Grammatopoulos D, de Gortari P. Hypothalamic TRH mediates anorectic effects of serotonin in rats. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0077-22.2022. [PMID: 35545425 PMCID: PMC9159524 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0077-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the modulatory functions of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), an anorectic behavior in rodents is observed when centrally injected. Hypothalamic PVN neurons receive serotonergic inputs from dorsal raphe nucleus and express serotonin (5HT) receptors such as 5HT1A, 5HT2A/2C, 5HT6, which are involved in 5HT-induced feeding regulation. Rats subjected to dehydration-induced anorexia (DIA) model show increased PVN TRH mRNA expression, associated with their decreased food intake. We analyzed whether 5HT input is implicated in the enhanced PVN TRH transcription that anorectic rats exhibit, given that 5HT increases TRH expression and release when studied in vitro By using mHypoA-2/30 hypothalamic cell cultures, we found that 5HT stimulated TRH mRNA, pCREB and pERK1/2 levels. By inhibiting basal PKA or PKC activities or those induced by 5HT, pCREB or pERK1/2 content did not increase suggesting involvement of both kinases in their phosphorylation. 5HT effect on TRH mRNA was not affected by PKA inhibition, but it diminished in the presence of PKCi suggesting involvement of PKC in 5HT-induced TRH increased transcription. This likely involves 5HT2A/2C and the activation of alternative transduction pathways than those studied here. In agreement with the in vitro data, we found that injecting 5HT2A/2C antagonists into the PVN of DIA rats reversed the increased TRH expression of anorectic animals, as well as their decreased food intake; also, the agonist reduced food intake of hungry restricted animals along with elevated PVN TRH mRNA levels. Our results support that the anorectic effects of serotonin are mediated by PVN TRH in this model.Significance statementInteraction between brain peptides and neurotransmitters' pathways regulates feeding behavior, but when altered it could lead to the development of eating disorders, such as anorexia. An abnormal increased TRH expression in hypothalamic PVN results in dehydration-induced anorectic rats, associated to their low food intake. The role of neurotransmitters in that alteration is unknown, and since serotonin inhibits feeding and has receptors in PVN, we analyzed its participation in increasing TRH expression and reducing feeding in anorectic rats. By antagonizing PVN serotonin receptors in anorectic rats, we identify decreased TRH expression and increased feeding, suggesting that the anorectic effects of serotonin are mediated by PVN TRH. Elucidating brain networks involved in feeding regulation would help to design therapies for eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Chávez
- Molecular Neurophysiology laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, National Institute of Psychiatry "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico 14370
| | - Viridiana Alcántara-Alonso
- Molecular Neurophysiology laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, National Institute of Psychiatry "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico 14370
- Translational Medicine, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, United Kingdom CV4 7HL
| | - Cinthia García-Luna
- Molecular Neurophysiology laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, National Institute of Psychiatry "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico 14370
| | - Paulina Soberanes-Chávez
- Molecular Neurophysiology laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, National Institute of Psychiatry "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico 14370
| | - Dimitris Grammatopoulos
- Translational Medicine, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, United Kingdom CV4 7HL
- Institute of Precision Diagnostics and Translational Medicine, Division of Pathology, UHCW NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom CV2 2DX
| | - Patricia de Gortari
- Molecular Neurophysiology laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, National Institute of Psychiatry "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico 14370.
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18
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Min D, Kim B, Ko SG, Kim W. Effect and Mechanism of Herbal Medicines on Cisplatin-Induced Anorexia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020208. [PMID: 35215322 PMCID: PMC8877473 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a well-known chemotherapeutic agent used to treat various types of cancers; however, it can also induce anorexia, which results in reduced food intake, loss of body weight, and lower quality of life. Although drugs such as megestrol acetate and cyproheptadine are used to decrease this severe feeding disorder, they can also induce side effects, such as diarrhea and somnolence, which limit their widespread use. Various types of herbal medicines have long been used to prevent and treat numerous gastrointestinal tract diseases; however, to date, no study has been conducted to analyze and summarize their effects on cisplatin-induced anorexia. In this paper, we analyze 12 animal studies that used either a single herbal medicine extract or mixtures thereof to decrease cisplatin-induced anorexia. Among the herbal medicines, Ginseng Radix was the most used, as it was included in seven studies, whereas both Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Angelicae Gigantis Radix were used in four studies. As for the mechanisms of action, the roles of serotonin and its receptors, cytokines, white blood cells, ghrelin, and leptin were investigated. Based on these results, we suggest that herbal medicines could be considered a useful treatment method for cisplatin-induced anorexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeun Min
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea;
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 022447, Korea; (B.K.); (S.-G.K.)
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 022447, Korea; (B.K.); (S.-G.K.)
| | - Woojin Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea;
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 022447, Korea; (B.K.); (S.-G.K.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Nonogaki K. The Regulatory Role of the Central and Peripheral Serotonin Network on Feeding Signals in Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031600. [PMID: 35163521 PMCID: PMC8836087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Central and peripheral serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) regulate feeding signals for energy metabolism. Disruption of central 5-HT signaling via 5-HT2C receptors (5-HT2CRs) induces leptin-independent hyperphagia in mice, leading to late-onset obesity, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose tolerance. 5-HT2CR mutant mice are more responsive than wild-type mice to a high-fat diet, exhibiting earlier-onset obesity and type 2 diabetes. High-fat and high-carbohydrate diets increase plasma 5-HT and fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) levels. Plasma 5-HT and FGF21 levels are increased in rodents and humans with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcohol fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). The increases in plasma FGF21 and hepatic FGF21 expression precede hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and weight gain in mice fed a high-fat diet. Nutritional, pharmacologic, or genetic inhibition of peripheral 5-HT synthesis via tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph1) decreases hepatic FGF21 expression and plasma FGF21 levels in mice. Thus, perturbing central 5-HT signaling via 5-HT2CRs alters feeding behavior. Increased energy intake via a high-fat diet and/or high-carbohydrate diet can upregulate gut-derived 5-HT synthesis via Tph1. Peripheral 5-HT upregulates hepatic FGF21 expression and plasma FGF21 levels, leading to metabolic diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and NAFLD. The 5-HT network in the brain–gut–liver axis regulates feeding signals and may be involved in the development and/or prevention of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Nonogaki
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Nutrition, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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20
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Caron A, Jane Michael N. New Horizons: Is Obesity a Disorder of Neurotransmission? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e4872-e4886. [PMID: 34117881 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a disease of the nervous system. While some will view this statement as provocative, others will take it as obvious. Whatever our side is, the pharmacology tells us that targeting the nervous system works for promoting weight loss. It works, but at what cost? Is the nervous system a safe target for sustainable treatment of obesity? What have we learned-and unlearned-about the central control of energy balance in the last few years? Herein we provide a thought-provoking exploration of obesity as a disorder of neurotransmission. We discuss the state of knowledge on the brain pathways regulating energy homeostasis that are commonly targeted in anti-obesity therapy and explore how medications affecting neurotransmission such as atypical antipsychotics, antidepressants, and antihistamines relate to body weight. Our goal is to provide the endocrine community with a conceptual framework that will help expending our understanding of the pathophysiology of obesity, a disease of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Caron
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Natalie Jane Michael
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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21
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Yoo ES, Li L, Jia L, Lord CC, Lee CE, Birnbaum SG, Vianna CR, Berglund ED, Cunningham KA, Xu Y, Sohn JW, Liu C. Gα i/o-coupled Htr2c in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus antagonizes the anorectic effect of serotonin agents. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109997. [PMID: 34788630 PMCID: PMC8636014 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The anorexigenic effect of serotonergic compounds has largely been attributed to activation of serotonin 2C receptors (Htr2cs). Using mouse genetic models in which Htr2c can be selectively deleted or restored (in Htr2c-null mice), we investigate the role of Htr2c in forebrain Sim1 neurons. Unexpectedly, we find that Htr2c acts in these neurons to promote food intake and counteract the anorectic effect of serotonergic appetite suppressants. Furthermore, Htr2c marks a subset of Sim1 neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). Chemogenetic activation of these neurons in adult mice suppresses hunger, whereas their silencing promotes feeding. In support of an orexigenic role of PVH Htr2c, whole-cell patch-clamp experiments demonstrate that activation of Htr2c inhibits PVH neurons. Intriguingly, this inhibition is due to Gαi/o-dependent activation of ATP-sensitive K+ conductance, a mechanism of action not identified previously in the mammalian nervous system. Yoo et al. show that Htr2c, the target of a former weight loss drug, can inhibit and promote food intake by coupling with distinct intracellular signaling events in different hypothalamic neurons. These findings may help explain the rather modest anti-obesity effects of Htr2c agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Seon Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Li Li
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lin Jia
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Caleb C Lord
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Charlotte E Lee
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shari G Birnbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Claudia R Vianna
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Eric D Berglund
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kathryn A Cunningham
- Center for Addiction Research and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jong-Woo Sohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Chen Liu
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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22
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Xie KY, Chien SJ, Tan BCM, Chen YW. RNA editing of 5-HT 2C R impairs insulin secretion of pancreatic beta cells via altered store-operated calcium entry. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21929. [PMID: 34553421 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100265rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies emphasize the importance of 5-HT2C receptor (5-HT2C R) signaling in the regulation of energy homeostasis. The 5-HT2C R is the only G-protein-coupled receptor known to undergo post-transcriptional adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) editing by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR). 5-HT2C R has emerged as an important role in the modulation of pancreatic β cell functions. This study investigated mechanisms behind the effects of palmitic acid (PA) on insulin secretion in different overexpressed 5-HT2C R edited isoforms in pancreatic MIN6 β cells. Results showed that the expressions of 5HT2C R and ADAR2 were upregulated in the pancreatic islets of mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD) compared to control mice. PA treatment significantly induced the expressions of 5-HT2C R and ADAR2 in pancreatic MIN6 β cells. PA treatment significantly induced the editing of 5-HT2C R in pancreatic MIN6 β cells. There was no significant difference in cell viability between naïve cells and three overexpressed 5-HT2C R edited isoforms in pancreatic MIN6 β cells. Overexpressed 5-HT2C R edited isoforms showed reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) compared with green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressed cells. Moreover, 5-HT2C R edited isoforms displayed reduced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium release and store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) activation, probably through inhibition of stromal interaction molecule 1 trafficking under PA treatment. Altogether, our results show that PA-mediated editing of 5-HT2C R modulates GSIS through alteration of ER calcium release and SOCE activation in pancreatic MIN6 β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Yun Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Ju Chien
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bertrand Chin-Ming Tan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Wen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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23
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van Galen KA, Ter Horst KW, Serlie MJ. Serotonin, food intake, and obesity. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13210. [PMID: 33559362 PMCID: PMC8243944 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The role of serotonin in food intake has been studied for decades. Food intake is mainly regulated by two brain circuitries: (i) the homeostatic circuitry, which matches energy intake to energy expenditure, and (ii) the hedonic circuitry, which is involved in rewarding and motivational aspects of energy consumption. In the homeostatic circuitry, serotonergic signaling contributes to the integration of metabolic signals that convey the body's energy status and facilitates the ability to suppress food intake when homeostatic needs have been met. In the hedonic circuitry, serotonergic signaling may reduce reward-related, motivational food consumption. In contrast, peripherally acting serotonin promotes energy absorption and storage. Disturbed serotonergic signaling is associated with obesity, emphasizing the importance to understand the role of serotonergic signaling in food intake. However, unraveling the serotonin-mediated regulation of food intake is complex, as the effects of serotonergic signaling in different brain regions depend on the regional expression of serotonin receptor subtypes and downstream effects via connections to other brain regions. We therefore provide an overview of the effects of serotonergic signaling in brain regions of the homeostatic and hedonic regulatory systems on food intake. Furthermore, we discuss the disturbances in serotonergic signaling in obesity and its potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy A van Galen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kasper W Ter Horst
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mireille J Serlie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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He Y, Liu H, Yin N, Yang Y, Wang C, Yu M, Liu H, Liang C, Wang J, Tu L, Zhang N, Wang L, He Y, Fukuda M, Wu Q, Sun Z, Tong Q, Xu Y. Barbadin Potentiates Long-Term Effects of Lorcaserin on POMC Neurons and Weight Loss. J Neurosci 2021; 41:5734-5746. [PMID: 34031163 PMCID: PMC8244968 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3210-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a serious global health problem because of its increasing prevalence and comorbidities, but its treatments are limited. The serotonin 2C receptor (5-HT2CR), a G-protein-coupled receptor, activates proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus (ARH) to reduce appetite and weight gain. However, several 5-HT analogs targeting this receptor, e.g., lorcaserin (Lor), suffer from diminished efficacy to reduce weight after prolonged administration. Here, we show that barbadin (Bar), a novel β-arrestin/β2-adaptin inhibitor, can prevent 5-HT2CR internalization in cells and potentiate long-term effects of Lor to reduce appetite and body weight in male mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that Bar co-treatment can effectively maintain the sensitivity of the 5-HT2CR in POMCARH neurons, despite prolonged Lor exposure, thereby allowing these neurons to be activated through opening the transient receptor potential cation (TRPC) channels. Thus, our results prove the concept that inhibition of 5-HT2CR desensitization can be a valid strategy to improve the long-term weight loss effects of Lor or other 5-HT2CR agonists, and also provide an intellectual framework to develop effective long-term management of weight by targeting 5-HT2CR desensitization.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT By demonstrating that the combination of barbadin (Bar) with a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonist can provide prolonged weight-lowering benefits in a preclinical setting, our work should call for additional efforts to validate Bar as a safe and effective medicine or to use Bar as a lead compound to develop more suitable compounds for obesity treatment. These results prove the concept that inhibition of serotonin 2C receptor (5-HT2CR) desensitization can be a valid strategy to improve the long-term weight loss effects of lorcaserin (Lor) or other 5-HT2CR agonists. Since GPCRs represent a major category as therapeutic targets for various human diseases and desensitization of GPCRs is a common issue, our work may provide a conceptual framework to enhance effects of a broad range of GPCR medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Hailan Liu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Na Yin
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yongjie Yang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Meng Yu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Hesong Liu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Chen Liang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Julia Wang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Longlong Tu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Nan Zhang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Lina Wang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yanlin He
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Makoto Fukuda
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Qi Wu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Zheng Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Qingchun Tong
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yong Xu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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25
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Chivite M, Naderi F, Conde-Sieira M, Soengas JL, Lopez-Patiño MA, Míguez JM. Central serotonin participates in the anorexigenic effect of GLP-1 in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 304:113716. [PMID: 33484717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The incretin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a major player in the gut-brain axis regulation of energy balance and in fish it seems to exert a negative influence on food intake. In this study, we investigated the role of the brain serotonergic system in the effects promoted by a peripheral GLP-1 injection on food intake in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). For this, in a first experiment the incretin was intraperitoneally injected (100 ng/g body weight) alone or in combination with a 5HT2C receptor antagonist (SB 242084, 1 µg/g body weight) and food intake was measured 30, 90, and 180 min later. In a second experiment, we studied the effect of these treatments on mRNA abundance of hypothalamic neuropeptides that control food intake. In addition, the effect of GLP-1 on serotonin metabolism was assessed in hindbrain and hypothalamus. Our results show that GLP-1 induced a significant food intake inhibition, which agreed with the increased expression of anorexigenic neuropeptides pomc and cart in the hypothalamus. Furthermore, GLP-1 stimulated the synthesis of serotonin in the hypothalamus, which might be indicative of a higher use of the neurotransmitter. The effects of GLP-1 on food intake were partially reversed when a serotonin receptor antagonist, SB 242084, was previously administered to trout. This antagonist also reversed the stimulatory effect of the hormone in hypothalamic pomca1 mRNA abundance. We conclude that hypothalamic serotonergic pathways are essential for mediating the effects of GLP-1 on food intake in rainbow trout. In addition, the 5HT2C receptor subtype seems to have a prominent role in the inhibition of food intake induced by GLP-1 in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Chivite
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Fatemeh Naderi
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Marta Conde-Sieira
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - José Luis Soengas
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Marcos A Lopez-Patiño
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Jesús M Míguez
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain.
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26
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Leohr J, Heathman M, Kjellsson MC. Postprandial triglyceride reduction following acute treatment of a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine-2c agonist and characterization using a semi-physiological model. Diabetes Obes Metab 2021; 23:1001-1010. [PMID: 33368960 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and postprandial triglyceride (TG) response of single, escalating oral doses of a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine-2c (5-HT2c ) agonist in subjects with overweight/obesity and apply mechanistic population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling to identify a plausible drug mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS This phase 1, single-centre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, four-period, two-alternating cohorts study evaluated single escalating oral doses ranging from 5 to 130 mg of LY2140112 (LY) in subjects with overweight/obesity (body mass index: 27-39 kg/m2 ). Postprandial TG response (total TG, chylomicrons and very low-density lipoprotein particles [VLDL]-V6) following a high-fat meal were assessed for 11 h postmeal for each dose level. The PK profile was assessed for 96 h postdose. Drug exposure and TG concentrations in chylomicrons and VLDL-V6 were used to characterize the drug mechanism of action using non-linear mixed-effect modelling. RESULTS Seventeen subjects entered the study and 16 subjects received at least one dose of LY. LY2140112 was generally well tolerated up to 75 mg. The PK of LY were described by a two-compartment model with first-order elimination. The 100 and 130 mg dose levels of LY significantly reduced the postprandial TG of VLDL-V6 by approximately 50%, while total TG and chylomicrons were not significantly different from placebo. The application of a published lipokinetic model successfully described the postprandial TG response in this study and indicated that LY reduced the conversion of TGs from chylomicron to VLDL-V6. CONCLUSIONS LY significantly reduced the postprandial TG of VLDL-V6 following a single dose, when food consumption was controlled. The data indicate that a selective 5-HT2c agonist alters lipid metabolism, beyond the reported reduction in satiety. The application of a semi-physiological lipokinetic model enabled identification of a plausible drug mechanism of action of LY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Leohr
- Department of Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Maria C Kjellsson
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacometrics Research Group, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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27
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Georgescu T, Lyons D, Heisler LK. Role of serotonin in body weight, insulin secretion and glycaemic control. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12960. [PMID: 33909316 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are key healthcare challenges of the 21st century. Subsequent to its discovery in 1948, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) has emerged as a principal modulator of energy homeostasis and body weight, prompting it to be a target of weight loss medications (eg, fenfluramine, D-fenfluramine, fenfluramine-phentermine and sibutramine). The potential risk of off-target effects led to these medications being withdrawn from clinical use and spurred drug discovery into 5-HT receptor selective ligands. The serotonin 2C receptor (5-HT2C R) is the primary receptor through which 5-HT impacts feeding and body weight and 5-HT2C R agonist lorcaserin was released for obesity treatment in 2012. Obese patients with type 2 diabetes prescribed medications that produce weight loss commonly observe improvements in type 2 diabetes. However, recent research has provided compelling evidence that 5-HT2C R agonists produce effects on blood glucose and insulin sensitivity independent of weight loss. As such, neuroactive 5-HT2C R agonists are a potential new category of type 2 diabetes medications. 5-HT is also expressed within pancreatic β cells, is co-released with insulin and may have a role in modulating insulin secretion. This review highlights the latest advances in the function of 5-HT in body weight, insulin release and glycaemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Georgescu
- Department of Anatomy, Centre for Neuroendocrinology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David Lyons
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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28
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Heo JW, Kim SE, Sung MK. Sex Differences in the Incidence of Obesity-Related Gastrointestinal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031253. [PMID: 33513939 PMCID: PMC7865604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, with 9.6 million people estimated to have died of cancer in 2018. Excess body fat deposition is a risk factor for many types of cancer. Men and women exhibit differences in body fat distribution and energy homeostasis regulation. This systematic review aimed to understand why sex disparities in obesity are associated with sex differences in the incidence of gastrointestinal cancers. Cancers of the esophagus, liver, and colon are representative gastrointestinal cancers, and obesity is a convincing risk factor for their development. Numerous epidemiological studies have found sex differences in the incidence of esophageal, liver, and colorectal cancers. We suggest that these sexual disparities are partly explained by the availability of estrogens and other genetic factors regulating inflammation, cell growth, and apoptosis. Sex differences in gut microbiota composition may contribute to differences in the incidence and phenotype of colorectal cancer. To establish successful practices in personalized nutrition and medicine, one should be aware of the sex differences in the pathophysiology and associated mechanisms of cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sung-Eun Kim
- Correspondence: (S.-E.K.); (M.-K.S.); Tel.: +82-2-2077-7722 (S.-E.K.); +82-2-710-9395 (M.-K.S.)
| | - Mi-Kyung Sung
- Correspondence: (S.-E.K.); (M.-K.S.); Tel.: +82-2-2077-7722 (S.-E.K.); +82-2-710-9395 (M.-K.S.)
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29
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Yao T, He J, Cui Z, Wang R, Bao K, Huang Y, Wang R, Liu T. Central 5-HTR2C in the Control of Metabolic Homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:694204. [PMID: 34367066 PMCID: PMC8334728 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.694204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor (5-HTR2C) is a class G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) enriched in the hypothalamus and the brain stem, where it has been shown to regulate energy homeostasis, including feeding and glucose metabolism. Accordingly, 5-HTR2C has been the target of several anti-obesity drugs, though the associated side effects greatly curbed their clinical applications. Dissecting the specific neural circuits of 5-HTR2C-expressing neurons and the detailed molecular pathways of 5-HTR2C signaling in metabolic regulation will help to develop better therapeutic strategies towards metabolic disorders. In this review, we introduced the regulatory role of 5-HTR2C in feeding behavior and glucose metabolism, with particular focus on the molecular pathways, neural network, and its interaction with other metabolic hormones, such as leptin, ghrelin, insulin, and estrogens. Moreover, the latest progress in the clinical research on 5-HTR2C agonists was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Ting Yao, ; Ru Wang, ; Tiemin Liu,
| | - Jiehui He
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhicheng Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruwen Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaixuan Bao
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiru Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ting Yao, ; Ru Wang, ; Tiemin Liu,
| | - Tiemin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Ting Yao, ; Ru Wang, ; Tiemin Liu,
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Abstract
OCD has lagged behind other psychiatric illnesses in the identification of molecular treatment targets, due in part to a lack of significant findings in genome-wide association studies. However, while progress in this area is being made, OCD's symptoms of obsessions, compulsions, and anxiety can be deconstructed into distinct neural functions that can be dissected in animal models. Studies in rodents and non-human primates have highlighted the importance of cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic circuits in OCD pathophysiology, and emerging studies in human post-mortem brain tissue point to glutamatergic synapse abnormalities as a potential cellular substrate for observed dysfunctional behaviors. In addition, accumulated evidence points to a potential role for neuromodulators including serotonin and dopamine in both OCD pathology and treatment. Here, we review current efforts to use animal models for the identification of molecules, cell types, and circuits relevant to OCD pathophysiology. We start by describing features of OCD that can be modeled in animals, including circuit abnormalities and genetic findings. We then review different strategies that have been used to study OCD using animal model systems, including transgenic models, circuit manipulations, and dissection of OCD-relevant neural constructs. Finally, we discuss how these findings may ultimately help to develop new treatment strategies for OCD and other related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Chamberlain
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Center for Neuroscience Program and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Susanne E Ahmari
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Center for Neuroscience Program and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Hebras J, Marty V, Personnaz J, Mercier P, Krogh N, Nielsen H, Aguirrebengoa M, Seitz H, Pradere JP, Guiard BP, Cavaille J. Reassessment of the involvement of Snord115 in the serotonin 2c receptor pathway in a genetically relevant mouse model. eLife 2020; 9:60862. [PMID: 33016258 PMCID: PMC7673782 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SNORD115 has been proposed to promote the activity of serotonin (HTR2C) receptor via its ability to base pair with its pre-mRNA and regulate alternative RNA splicing and/or A-to-I RNA editing. Because SNORD115 genes are deleted in most patients with the Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), diminished HTR2C receptor activity could contribute to the impaired emotional response and/or compulsive overeating characteristic of this disease. In order to test this appealing but never demonstrated hypothesis in vivo, we created a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Snord115 knockout mouse. Surprisingly, we uncovered only modest region-specific alterations in Htr2c RNA editing profiles, while Htr2c alternative RNA splicing was unchanged. These subtle changes, whose functional relevance remains uncertain, were not accompanied by any discernible defects in anxio-depressive-like phenotypes. Energy balance and eating behavior were also normal, even after exposure to high-fat diet. Our study raises questions concerning the physiological role of SNORD115, notably its involvement in behavioural disturbance associated with PWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Hebras
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Virginie Marty
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean Personnaz
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), France Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université de Toulouse Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale Mercier
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5089, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolai Krogh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Nielsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marion Aguirrebengoa
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Hervé Seitz
- IGH (CNRS and University of Montpellier), Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Phillipe Pradere
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), France Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université de Toulouse Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno P Guiard
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérôme Cavaille
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Whey protein isolate inhibits hepatic FGF21 production, which precedes weight gain, hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia in mice fed a high-fat diet. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15784. [PMID: 32978487 PMCID: PMC7519058 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72975-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficient expression of hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and stromal cell-derived factor 2 like 1 (Sdf2l1) reportedly leads to insulin resistance and hepatosteatosis in obesity and type 2 diabetes. On the other hand, increased expression of hepatic serotonin receptor 2a (htr2a) in diet-induced obesity contributes to hepatosteatosis. Here we show that increases in circulating FGF21 levels and expression of hepatic FGF21 preceded weight gain, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglycemia in C57BLJ6 mice fed a high-fat diet. Expression of hepatic htr2a and Sdf2l1 increased in insulin-resistant mice fed a high-fat diet. Intake of whey protein isolate decreased plasma FGF21 levels and expression of hepatic FGF21 in mice fed either a high-fat diet or a chow diet, whereas it only suppressed the overexpression of hepatic Sdf2 and htr2a in insulin-resistant mice fed a high-fat diet. Moreover, intake of whey protein isolate decreased plasma serotonin levels in mice fed either a high-fat diet or a chow diet. Genetic inhibition of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 decreased hepatic FGF21 expression and plasma FGF21 levels in mice. These findings suggest that increased hepatic FGF21 production precedes diet-induced weight gain, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglycemia, and that intake of whey protein isolate could inhibit hepatic FGF21 production by suppressing peripheral serotonin synthesis.
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Chopra A, Patel RS, Baliga N, Narahari A, Das P. Sleepwalking and sleep-related eating associated with atypical antipsychotic medications: Case series and systematic review of literature. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2020; 65:74-81. [PMID: 32535329 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep walking (SW) is a parasomnia behavior characterized by repetitious occurrence of ambulation during a partial arousal from non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Sleep-related eating (SRE) is one of the complex sleep behaviors that may accompany SW. Emerging evidence suggests that NREM parasomnias can be associated with atypical antipsychotic medication use. METHODS We present a case series (n = 5) and a systematic review of the literature of cases of SW, with or without SRE (n = 23), associated with atypical antipsychotic use. RESULTS Twenty-eight cases of SW, with and without SRE, with a mean age of 44.8 years (S.D. = 15.04) and a male predominance (75%; n = 21) were identified. Quetiapine was the most commonly implicated medication with SW and SRE (n = 14). Remission from SW/SRE was noted in all cases with measures including antipsychotic dosage reduction, discontinuation of medication, switching to an alternate medication, and use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for comorbid obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) treatment. CONCLUSIONS Sleep walking (SW), with or without sleep related eating (SRE), can be a rare but reversible side effect associated with use of atypical antipsychotics. More research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying SW and SRE associated with atypical antipsychotic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Chopra
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Health Institute, Department of Sleep Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
| | - Rikinkumar S Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, Griffin Memorial Hospital, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Nisha Baliga
- Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States.
| | - Anoop Narahari
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Health Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
| | - Piyush Das
- Department of Sleep Medicine, CentraCare, MN, United States.
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Berger SM, Griffin JS, Dent SC. Phenotypes and pathways: Working toward an integrated skeletal biology in biological anthropology. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 33:e23450. [PMID: 32511865 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steph M Berger
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jacob S Griffin
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sophia C Dent
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Affinité sérotoninergique 5HT2 C et diabète médicamenteux : étude de pharmacoépidémiologie dans la base de pharmacoVigilance de l’OMS. Eur Psychiatry 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.09.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ContexteLes mécanismes pharmacodynamiques à l’origine des diabètes médicamenteux sous neuroleptiques ne sont pas clairement établis [1]. Des données pharmacodynamiques expérimentales nous ont conduits à faire l’hypothèse d’une implication du récepteur sérotoninergique 5HT2 C [2,3].ObjectifÉvaluer une association entre le niveau d’affinité pour le récepteur 5HT2 C de certains psychotropes et la notification d’un diabète avec ces médicaments.MéthodesÀ partir de la base de données de pharmacovigilance de l’OMS, Vigibase®, nous avons identifié les observations enregistrées durant la période du 01/01/1994 au 29/03/2013, correspondant à une liste de 15 médicaments psychotropes d’affinité 5HT2 C connue. Nous avons recherché une disproportionnalité entre le niveau d’affinité 5HT2 C et la notification de diabète à l’aide de modèles de régression logistique. Le premier modèle ajustait sur les facteurs cliniques de confusion (modèle A) et le deuxième intégrait, en plus, les autres affinités réceptorielles (5HT2A, 5HT1A, D2, D3, Δ1et Δ2).RésultatsParmi les 100 966 notifications, 1 790 (1,77 %) correspondaient à un effet indésirable de type diabète médicamenteux. Nous avons retrouvé une association significative et croissante entre le niveau d’affinité 5HT2 C et les notifications de diabète. Dans le modèle A, par rapport à une affinité 5HT2 C faible (référence), le rapport de cote (RC) pour une affinité 5HT2 C moyenne était de 2,98 (IC 95 % [2,54–3,48]) et celui pour une affinité 5HT2 C importante de 5,85 (IC 95 % [5,03–6,80]). Ces résultats étaient renforcés par le modèle B : RC = 3,15 (IC 95 % [2,54–3,91]) pour une affinité moyenne, RC = 7,07 [5,79–8,64] pour une affinité importante.ConclusionsCe travail illustre une méthode d’étude de type pharmacovigilance-pharmacodynamique (étude PV-PD). Il établit une association entre le niveau d‘affinité 5HT2 C et les notifications de diabète dans Vigibase®. Des études intégrant le niveau d’activité pour le récepteur 5HT2 C sont nécessaires pour compléter ces résultats.
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Lin Y, Yang N, Bao B, Wang L, Chen J, Liu J. Luteolin reduces fat storage inCaenorhabditis elegansby promoting the central serotonin pathway. Food Funct 2020; 11:730-740. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02095k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Luteolin promotes central serotonin signaling to induce fat loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | - Nan Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | - Bin Bao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | - Juan Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process
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Yokokura M, Terada T, Bunai T, Nakaizumi K, Kato Y, Yoshikawa E, Futatsubashi M, Suzuki K, Yamasue H, Ouchi Y. Alterations in serotonin transporter and body image-related cognition in anorexia nervosa. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 23:101928. [PMID: 31491815 PMCID: PMC6627582 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The serotonin system has been implicated in the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa (AN). A recent report proposed that body image distortion (BID), a core symptom of AN, may relate to abnormalities of the serotonin system, especially the serotonin transporter (5HTT). Positron emission tomography (PET) studies of underweight patients with active AN reported alterations in serotonin receptors, but not 5HTT. Here, we aimed to disclose the clinicopathophysiology of AN by focusing on 5HTT and cognitive functions, including BID, in groups with active AN. Twenty-two underweight female patients with AN (12 restricting-type AN (ANR); 10 binge-eating/purging-type AN (ANBP)) and 20 age-matched healthy female subjects underwent PET with a 5HTT radioligand [11C]DASB. The binding potential (BPND) of [11C]DASB was estimated semiquantitatively, and clinical data from Raven's colored progressive matrices for general intelligence, the Stroop test for focused attention, the Iowa gambling task for decision making and a dot-probe task designed for BID were compared with the levels of BPND in different groups. [11C]DASB BPND was significantly decreased in the medial parietal cortex in patients with AN and in the dorsal raphe in patients with ANR compared with healthy subjects (p < .05 corrected). Patients with ANR showed a significantly negative correlation between [11C]DASB BPND in the dorsal raphe and performance on the dot-probe task (p < .05 corrected). While reduced 5HTT in the medial parietal cortex (the somatosensory association area) is pathophysiologically important in AN in general, additional 5HTT reduction in the dorsal raphe as seen in ANR is implicated for the clinicopathophysiological relevance. 5HTT decreased in the parietal cortex in patients with AN. 5HTT decreased in the parietal cortex in patients with ANBP. 5HTT decreased in the parietal cortex and the dorsal raphe in patients with ANR. Patients with AN were poor at responding to the test for body image distortion (BID). 5HTT in the dorsal raphe was associated with cognitive performance of BID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Yokokura
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Terada
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Bunai
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nakaizumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kato
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Etsuji Yoshikawa
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Masami Futatsubashi
- Hamamatsu PET Imaging Center, Hamamatsu Medical Photonics Foundation, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Suzuki
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yamasue
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Ouchi
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
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Younis RM, Taylor RM, Beardsley PM, McClay JL. The ANKS1B gene and its associated phenotypes: focus on CNS drug response. Pharmacogenomics 2019; 20:669-684. [PMID: 31250731 PMCID: PMC6912848 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2019-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ANKS1B gene was a top finding in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of antipsychotic drug response. Subsequent GWAS findings for ANKS1B include cognitive ability, educational attainment, body mass index, response to corticosteroids and drug dependence. We review current human association evidence for ANKS1B, in addition to functional studies that include two published mouse knockouts. The several GWAS findings in humans indicate that phenotypically relevant variation is segregating at the ANKS1B locus. ANKS1B shows strong plausibility for involvement in CNS drug response because it encodes a postsynaptic effector protein that mediates long-term changes to neuronal biology. Forthcoming data from large biobanks should further delineate the role of ANKS1B in CNS drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabha M Younis
- Department of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Rachel M Taylor
- Center for Military Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MA 20910, USA
| | - Patrick M Beardsley
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Center for Biomarker Research & Personalized Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Joseph L McClay
- Department of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Abstract
Sex differences exist in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Better understanding of the underlying mechanisms for sexual dimorphism in energy balance may facilitate development of gender-specific therapies for human diseases, e.g. obesity. Multiple organs, including the brain, liver, fat and muscle, play important roles in the regulations of feeding behavior, energy expenditure and physical activity, which therefore contribute to the maintenance of energy balance. It has been increasingly appreciated that this multi-organ system is under different regulations in male vs. female animals. Much of effort has been focused on roles of sex hormones (including androgens, estrogens and progesterone) and sex chromosomes in this sex-specific regulation of energy balance. Emerging evidence also indicates that other factors (not sex hormones/receptors and not encoded by the sex chromosomes) exist to regulate energy homeostasis differentially in males vs. females. In this review, we summarize factors and signals that have been shown to regulate energy homeostasis in a sexually dimorphic fashion and propose a framework where these factors and signals may be integrated to mediate sex differences in energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Wang
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Yong Xu
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
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40
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Ding W, Chang WG, Guo XC, Liu Y, Xiao DD, Ding D, Wang JX, Zhang XJ. Exenatide Protects Against Cardiac Dysfunction by Attenuating Oxidative Stress in the Diabetic Mouse Heart. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:202. [PMID: 31024445 PMCID: PMC6459897 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death in patients with diabetes. Current treatment strategies for diabetes rely on lifestyle changes and glucose control to prevent angiopathy and organ failure. Exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, is used as an add-on therapy to insulin treatment. Exenatide also has multiple beneficial effects in addition to its hypoglycemic effects, such as preventing hepatic steatosis and protecting against cardiac injury from doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity or ischemic reperfusion. However, the mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective effects of exenatide in diabetes have not been fully clarified. To address this issue, we investigated the cardioprotective effects of exenatide in type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice. We found that exenatide simultaneously attenuated reactive oxidative species (ROS) production through increases in the antioxidant enzymes manganese dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and catalase. Moreover, exenatide decreased tumor protein P53 (p53) expression and prevented cell apoptosis in H9c2 cells. The presence of the catalase inhibitor 3-AT attenuated the effects of exenatide. Overall, the results strongly indicate that exenatide treatment may be protective against the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ding
- Department of General Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen-guang Chang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-ci Guo
- Department of General Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dan-dan Xiao
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dan Ding
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian-xun Wang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Jian-xun Wang
| | - Xue-juan Zhang
- Department of General Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Xue-juan Zhang
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Costa RA, Ferreira IR, Cintra HA, Gomes LHF, Guida LDC. Genotype-Phenotype Relationships and Endocrine Findings in Prader-Willi Syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:864. [PMID: 31920975 PMCID: PMC6923197 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex imprinting disorder related to genomic errors that inactivate paternally-inherited genes on chromosome 15q11-q13 with severe implications on endocrine, cognitive and neurologic systems, metabolism, and behavior. The absence of expression of one or more genes at the PWS critical region contributes to different phenotypes. There are three molecular mechanisms of occurrence: paternal deletion of the 15q11-q13 region; maternal uniparental disomy 15; or imprinting defects. Although there is a clinical diagnostic consensus criteria, DNA methylation status must be confirmed through genetic testing. The endocrine system can be the most affected in PWS, and growth hormone replacement therapy provides improvement in growth, body composition, and behavioral and physical attributes. A key feature of the syndrome is the hypothalamic dysfunction that may be the basis of several endocrine symptoms. Clinical and molecular complexity in PWS enhances the importance of genetic diagnosis in therapeutic definition and genetic counseling. So far, no single gene mutation has been described to contribute to this genetic disorder or related to any exclusive symptoms. Here we proposed to review individually disrupted genes within the PWS critical region and their reported clinical phenotypes related to the syndrome. While genes such as MKRN3, MAGEL2, NDN, or SNORD115 do not address the full spectrum of PWS symptoms and are less likely to have causal implications in PWS major clinical signs, SNORD116 has emerged as a critical, and possibly, a determinant candidate in PWS, in the recent years. Besides that, the understanding of the biology of the PWS SNORD genes is fairly low at the present. These non-coding RNAs exhibit all the hallmarks of RNA methylation guides and can be incorporated into ribonucleoprotein complexes with possible hypothalamic and endocrine functions. Also, DNA conservation between SNORD sequences across placental mammals strongly suggests that they have a functional role as RNA entities on an evolutionary basis. The broad clinical spectrum observed in PWS and the absence of a clear genotype-phenotype specific correlation imply that the numerous genes involved in the syndrome have an additive deleterious effect on different phenotypes when deficiently expressed.
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Chao AM, Wadden TA, Pearl RL, Alamuddin N, Leonard SM, Bakizada ZM, Pinkasavage E, Gruber KA, Walsh OA, Berkowitz RI, Alfaris N, Tronieri JS. A randomized controlled trial of lorcaserin and lifestyle counselling for weight loss maintenance: changes in emotion- and stress-related eating, food cravings and appetite. Clin Obes 2018; 8:383-390. [PMID: 30222916 PMCID: PMC6711178 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Anti-obesity medication may help people maintain diet-induced reductions in appetite. The present exploratory analysis assessed the effects of lorcaserin on changes at 24 weeks post-randomization in emotion- and stress-related eating, food cravings and other measures of appetite (i.e. binge eating, cognitive restraint, disinhibition, hunger, preoccupation with eating and fullness). The parent study investigated the efficacy of combined lorcaserin and behavioural treatment in facilitating weight loss maintenance (WLM) in 137 adults (mean age = 46.1 years, 86.1% female, 68.6% black) who had lost ≥5% of initial weight during a 14-week, low-calorie diet (LCD) run-in. Participants were randomly assigned to lorcaserin or placebo and were provided with group WLM counselling sessions. Emotion- and stress-related eating, food cravings and appetite were measured at the start of the LCD (week -14), randomization (0) and week 24. From randomization, lorcaserin-treated participants had significantly greater improvements in emotion- and stress-related eating compared to placebo-treated participants (P = 0.04). However, groups did not differ significantly after randomization in changes in the frequency of food cravings, binge eating or other measures of appetite (Ps > 0.05). Compared to placebo, lorcaserin may improve emotion- and stress-related eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana M. Chao
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Thomas A. Wadden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Rebecca L. Pearl
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Naji Alamuddin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Sharon M. Leonard
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Zayna M. Bakizada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Emilie Pinkasavage
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Kathryn A. Gruber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Olivia A. Walsh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Robert I. Berkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Nasreen Alfaris
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- The Obesity, Endocrine, and Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jena Shaw Tronieri
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
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Dadvar S, Ferreira DMS, Cervenka I, Ruas JL. The weight of nutrients: kynurenine metabolites in obesity and exercise. J Intern Med 2018; 284:519-533. [PMID: 30141532 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity ultimately results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. However, in addition to their bioenergetic value, nutrients and their metabolites can function as important signalling molecules in energy homeostasis. Indeed, macronutrients and their metabolites can be direct regulators of metabolism through their actions on different organs. In turn, target organs can decide to use, store or transform the incoming nutrients depending on their physiological context and in coordination with other cell types. Tryptophan-kynurenine metabolites are an example of a family of compounds that can serve as systemic integrators of energy metabolism by signalling to different cell types. These include adipocytes, immune cells and muscle fibres, in addition to the well-known effects of kynurenine metabolites on the central nervous system. In the context of energy metabolism, several of the effects elicited by kynurenic acid are mediated by the G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR35. As GPR35 is expressed in tissues such as the adipose tissue, immune cells and the gastrointestinal tract, this receptor could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity, diabetes and other metabolic diseases. In addition, metabolic disorders often coincide with states of chronic inflammation, which further highlights GPR35 as an integration node in conditions where inflammation skews metabolism. Defining the molecular interplay between different tissues in the regulation of energy homeostasis can help us understand interindividual variability in the response to nutrient intake and develop safe and efficient therapies to fight obesity and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dadvar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular & Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D M S Ferreira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular & Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Cervenka
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular & Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J L Ruas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular & Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden
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The Role of the Prader-Willi Syndrome Critical Interval for Epigenetic Regulation, Transcription and Phenotype. EPIGENOMES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes2040018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss of expression of the paternally inherited genes on chromosome 15q11.2-q13. However, the core features of PWS have been attributed to a critical interval (PWS-cr) within the 15q11.2-q13 imprinted gene cluster, containing the small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) SNORD116 and non-coding RNA IPW (Imprinted in Prader-Willi) exons. SNORD116 affects the transcription profile of hundreds of genes, possibly via DNA methylation or post-transcriptional modification, although the exact mechanism is not completely clear. IPW on the other hand has been shown to specifically modulate histone methylation of a separate imprinted locus, the DLK1-DIO3 cluster, which itself is associated with several neurodevelopmental disorders with similarities to PWS. Here we review what is currently known of the molecular targets of SNORD116 and IPW and begin to disentangle their roles in contributing to the Prader-Willi Syndrome phenotype.
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Incubation of feeding behavior is regulated by neuromedin U receptor 2 in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Behav Brain Res 2018; 359:763-770. [PMID: 30227148 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A diet of energy-dense food, characterized mainly as a high-fat diet, leads to a persistent excessive consumption defined as overeating. According to the National Institute of Health, more than 2 in 3 adults in the United States are overweight or obese, straining our healthcare system with epidemic proportions. Diets that include abstaining from high-fat foods, ironically, result in an increase in motivation and craving for said high-fat foods, defined as an incubation effect because the behavior aids in developing overeating. Previously, we have shown that modulation of neuromedin U receptor 2 (NMUR2) in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) results in increased food intake and motivation for energy-dense foods. Here, we continue our focus on NMUR2 in the PVN, but in relation to the incubation effect on craving for high-fat food. We employed a model for incubation of craving by having rats abstain from high-fat foods for 30 days before undergoing intake of fatty food on fixed ratio and progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement, and then assess their response to reactivity to cues. Using this model, we compared the feeding behaviors of rats that underwent an mRNA knockdown of the NMUR2 in the PVN to controls after both underwent a 30-day abstinence from high-fat foods. Our results show knockdown of NMUR2 in the PVN blocks the incubation of feeding behavior for food-related cues and high-fat foods.
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Namkung J, Shong KE, Kim H, Oh CM, Park S, Kim H. Inhibition of Serotonin Synthesis Induces Negative Hepatic Lipid Balance. Diabetes Metab J 2018; 42:233-243. [PMID: 29885107 PMCID: PMC6015967 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2017.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic steatosis is caused by metabolic stress associated with a positive lipid balance, such as insulin resistance and obesity. Previously we have shown the anti-obesity effects of inhibiting serotonin synthesis, which eventually improved insulin sensitivity and hepatic steatosis. However, it is not clear whether serotonin has direct effect on hepatic lipid accumulation. Here, we showed the possibility of direct action of serotonin on hepatic steatosis. METHODS Mice were treated with para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) or LP-533401 to inhibit serotonin synthesis and fed with high fat diet (HFD) or high carbohydrate diet (HCD) to induce hepatic steatosis. Hepatic triglyceride content and gene expression profiles were analyzed. RESULTS Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of serotonin synthesis reduced HFD-induced hepatic lipid accumulation. Furthermore, short-term PCPA treatment prevented HCD-induced hepatic steatosis without affecting glucose tolerance and browning of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Gene expression analysis revealed that the expressions of genes involved in de novo lipogenesis and triacylglycerol synthesis were downregulated by short-term PCPA treatment as well as long-term PCPA treatment. CONCLUSION Short-term inhibition of serotonin synthesis prevented hepatic lipid accumulation without affecting systemic insulin sensitivity and energy expenditure, suggesting the direct steatogenic effect of serotonin in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Namkung
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Ko Eun Shong
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyeongseok Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chang Myung Oh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sangkyu Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea.
| | - Hail Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea.
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Rebello C, Nikonova EV, Zhou S, Aronne LJ, Fujioka K, Garvey WT, Smith SR, Coulter AA, Greenway FL. Effect of Lorcaserin Alone and in Combination with Phentermine on Food Cravings After 12-Week Treatment: A Randomized Substudy. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:332-339. [PMID: 29363287 PMCID: PMC5788290 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effect of lorcaserin 10 mg twice daily (LOR BID), or with phentermine 15 mg once daily (LOR BID + PHEN QD) and 15 mg twice daily (LOR BID + PHEN BID), in conjunction with energy restriction on food cravings. METHODS Two hundred and thirty-five patients without diabetes but with obesity or overweight and ≥ 1 comorbidity received LOR BID, LOR BID + PHEN QD, or LOR BID + PHEN BID for 12 weeks in a randomized double-blind study. The Food Craving Inventory (FCI) and the Control of Eating Questionnaire (COEQ) were administered over 12 weeks. RESULTS The FCI total score and the subscale scores reduced from baseline in all groups. The least squares means (95% confidence intervals) for the total scores were -0.65 (-0.75 to -0.55), -0.75 (-0.84 to -0.65), and -0.84 (-0.95 to -0.74) in the LOR BID, LOR BID + PHEN QD, and LOR BID + PHEN BID groups, respectively. Cravings assessed by COEQ reduced from baseline in all groups. In general, the combination treatments were more effective than lorcaserin alone. At week 12, except for fruit juice and dairy products, general and specific cravings reduced in LOR BID + PHEN BID compared with LOR BID (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Lorcaserin in combination with phentermine improves control of food cravings during short-term energy restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candida Rebello
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Elena V. Nikonova
- Eisai Medical and Scientific Affairs, Eisai Inc., Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA
| | - Sharon Zhou
- Eisai Medical and Scientific Affairs, Eisai Inc., Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA
| | - Louis J. Aronne
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY, USA
| | - Ken Fujioka
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - W. Timothy Garvey
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and the Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Steven R. Smith
- Center for the Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Ann A. Coulter
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Frank L. Greenway
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Raben AT, Marshe VS, Chintoh A, Gorbovskaya I, Müller DJ, Hahn MK. The Complex Relationship between Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain and Therapeutic Benefits: A Systematic Review and Implications for Treatment. Front Neurosci 2018; 11:741. [PMID: 29403343 PMCID: PMC5786866 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG) and other adverse metabolic effects represent serious side effects faced by many patients with psychosis that can lead to numerous comorbidities and which reduce the lifespan. While the pathophysiology of AIWG remains poorly understood, numerous studies have reported a positive association between AIWG and the therapeutic benefit of antipsychotic medications. Objectives: To review the literature to (1) determine if AIWG is consistently associated with therapeutic benefit and (2) investigate which variables may mediate such an association. Data Sources: MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Cochrane Database and PsycINFO databases were searched for articles containing all the following exploded MESH terms: schizophrenia [AND] antipsychotic agents/neuroleptics [AND] (weight gain [OR] lipids [OR] insulin [OR] leptin) [AND] treatment outcome. Results were limited to full-text, English journal articles. Results: Our literature search uncovered 31 independent studies which investigated an AIWG-therapeutic benefit association with a total of 6063 enrolled individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia or another serious mental illness receiving antipsychotic medications. Twenty-two studies found a positive association while, 10 studies found no association and one study reported a negative association. Study variables including medication compliance, sex, ethnicity, or prior antipsychotic exposure did not appear to consistently affect the AIWG-therapeutic benefit relationship. In contrast, there was some evidence that controlling for baseline BMI/psychopathology, duration of treatment and specific agent studied [i.e., olanzapine (OLZ) or clozapine (CLZ)] strengthened the relationship between AIWG and therapeutic benefit. Limitations: There were limitations of the reviewed studies in that many had small sample sizes, and/or were retrospective. The heterogeneity of the studies also made comparisons difficult and publication bias was not controlled for. Conclusions: An AIWG-therapeutic benefit association may exist and is most likely to be observed in OLZ and CLZ-treated patients. The clinical meaningfulness of this association remains unclear and weight gain and other metabolic comorbidities should be identified and treated to the same targets as the general population. Further research should continue to explore the links between therapeutic benefit and metabolic health with emphasis on both pre-clinical work and well-designed prospective clinical trials examining metabolic parameters associated, but also occurring independently to AIWG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex T Raben
- Schizophrenia Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Victoria S Marshe
- Pharmacogenetic Research Clinic, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Araba Chintoh
- Schizophrenia Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ilona Gorbovskaya
- Pharmacogenetic Research Clinic, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Pharmacogenetic Research Clinic, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Margaret K Hahn
- Schizophrenia Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Cervenka I, Agudelo LZ, Ruas JL. Kynurenines: Tryptophan's metabolites in exercise, inflammation, and mental health. Science 2018; 357:357/6349/eaaf9794. [PMID: 28751584 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf9794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 712] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Kynurenine metabolites are generated by tryptophan catabolism and regulate biological processes that include host-microbiome signaling, immune cell response, and neuronal excitability. Enzymes of the kynurenine pathway are expressed in different tissues and cell types throughout the body and are regulated by cues, including nutritional and inflammatory signals. As a consequence of this systemic metabolic integration, peripheral inflammation can contribute to accumulation of kynurenine in the brain, which has been associated with depression and schizophrenia. Conversely, kynurenine accumulation can be suppressed by activating kynurenine clearance in exercised skeletal muscle. The effect of exercise training on depression through modulation of the kynurenine pathway highlights an important mechanism of interorgan cross-talk mediated by these metabolites. Here, we discuss peripheral mechanisms of tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism and their effects on inflammatory, metabolic, oncologic, and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Cervenka
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leandro Z Agudelo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jorge L Ruas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Nonogaki K, Kaji T. Liraglutide, a GLP-1 Receptor Agonist, Which Decreases Hypothalamic 5-HT2A Receptor Expression, Reduces Appetite and Body Weight Independently of Serotonin Synthesis in Mice. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:6482958. [PMID: 29484303 PMCID: PMC5816835 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6482958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent report suggested that brain-derived serotonin (5-HT) is critical for maintaining weight loss induced by glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor activation in rats and that 5-HT2A receptors mediate the feeding suppression and weight loss induced by GLP-1 receptor activation. Here, we show that changes in daily food intake and body weight induced by intraperitoneal administration of liraglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, over 4 days did not differ between mice treated with the tryptophan hydroxylase (Tph) inhibitor p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) for 3 days and mice without PCPA treatment. Treatment with PCPA did not affect hypothalamic 5-HT2A receptor expression. Despite the anorexic effect of liraglutide disappearing after the first day of treatment, the body weight loss induced by liraglutide persisted for 4 days in mice treated with or without PCPA. Intraperitoneal administration of liraglutide significantly decreased the gene expression of hypothalamic 5-HT2A receptors 1 h after injection. Moreover, the acute anorexic effects of liraglutide were blunted in mice treated with the high-affinity 5-HT2A agonist (4-bromo-3,6-dimethoxybenzocyclobuten-1-yl) methylamine hydrobromide 14 h or 24 h before liraglutide injection. These findings suggest that liraglutide reduces appetite and body weight independently of 5-HT synthesis in mice, whereas GLP-1 receptor activation downregulates the gene expression of hypothalamic 5-HT2A receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Nonogaki
- Department of Diabetes Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takao Kaji
- Department of Diabetes Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
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