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Kullmann S, Zhao S, Semeia L, Veit R, Luo S, Angelo B, Chow T, Birkenfeld A, Preissl H, Xiang A, Page K. Exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus in utero impacts hippocampal functional connectivity in response to food cues in children. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3953330. [PMID: 38559106 PMCID: PMC10980092 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3953330/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Intrauterine exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the risk of obesity in the offspring, but little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms. The hippocampus is crucial for food intake regulation and is vulnerable to the effects of obesity. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether GDM exposure affects hippocampal functional connectivity during exposure to food cues using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Methods Participants were 90 children age 7-11 years (53 females) who underwent an fMRI-based visual food cue task in the fasted state. Hippocampal functional connectivity (FC) was examined using generalized psychophysiological interaction in response to high-calorie food versus non-food cues. Food-cue induced hippocampal FC was compared between children with and without GDM exposure, while controlling for possible confounding effects of age, sex and waist-to-hip ratio. Results Children with GDM exposure exhibited stronger hippocampal FC to the insula and striatum (i.e., putamen, pallidum and nucleus accumbens) compared to unexposed children, while viewing high caloric food cues. Conclusions Intrauterine exposure to GDM was associated with higher food-cue induced hippocampal FC to reward processing regions. Future studies with longitudinal measurements are needed to clarify whether increased hippocampal FC to reward processing regions may raise the risk of the development of metabolic diseases later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Brendan Angelo
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Ting Chow
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California
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Nielsen TC, Nassar N, Shand AW, Jones HF, Han VX, Patel S, Guastella AJ, Dale RC, Lain SJ. Association between cumulative maternal exposures related to inflammation and child attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A cohort study. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2024; 38:241-250. [PMID: 38009577 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies suggest synergistic effects of maternal inflammatory exposures on offspring neurodevelopment, but human studies have been limited. OBJECTIVES To examine the cumulative association and potential interactions between seven maternal exposures related to inflammation and child attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS We conducted a population-based cohort study of children born from July 2001 to December 2011 in New South Wales, Australia, and followed up until December 2014. Seven maternal exposures were identified from birth data and hospital admissions during pregnancy: autoimmune disease, asthma, hospitalization for infection, mood or anxiety disorder, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes. Child ADHD was identified from stimulant prescription records. Multivariable Cox regression assessed the association between individual and cumulative exposures and ADHD and potential interaction between exposures, controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS The cohort included 908,770 children, one-third (281,724) with one or more maternal exposures. ADHD was identified in 16,297 children (incidence 3.5 per 1000 person-years) with median age of 7 (interquartile range 2) years at first treatment. Each exposure was independently associated with ADHD, and risk increased with additional exposures: one exposure (hazard ratio (HR) 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.54, 1.65), two exposures (HR 2.25, 95% CI 2.13, 2.37), and three or more exposures (HR 3.28, 95% CI 2.95, 3.64). Positive interaction was found between smoking and infection. The largest effect size was found for cumulative exposure of asthma, infection, mood or anxiety disorder, and smoking (HR 6.12, 95% CI 3.47, 10.70). CONCLUSIONS This study identifies cumulative effects of multiple maternal exposures related to inflammation on ADHD, most potentially preventable or modifiable. Future studies should incorporate biomarkers of maternal inflammation and consider gene-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Nielsen
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natasha Nassar
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Antonia W Shand
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Royal Hospital for Women, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hannah F Jones
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Starship Children's Hospital, Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Velda X Han
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Shrujna Patel
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam J Guastella
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Russell C Dale
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Samantha J Lain
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Xiang AH, Lin JC, Chow T, Martinez MP, Negriff S, Page KA, McConnell R, Carter SA. Types of diabetes during pregnancy and risk of depression and anxiety in offspring from childhood to young adulthood. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:224-232. [PMID: 37823225 PMCID: PMC10962903 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess maternal pre-existing type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy and risk of depression and anxiety from childhood to young adulthood in offspring. MATERIALS AND METHODS This birth cohort included singletons born during 1995-2015, followed using electronic medical records through 2020. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) of depression or anxiety diagnosis during follow-up associated with in-utero exposure to maternal diabetes. RESULTS Among 439 590 offspring, 29 891 (6.8%) had depression and 51 918 (11.8%) had anxiety. T1D, followed by T2D and GDM requiring antidiabetes medication were associated with risk of depression and anxiety in offspring. Compared with no diabetes during pregnancy, the adjusted HRs (95% confidence interval) of depression in offspring associated with T1D, T2D or GDM requiring medications were 1.44 (1.09-1.91), 1.30 (1.15-1.47) and 1.18 (1.11-1.26) respectively; conversely, HRs were 0.97 (0.82-1.15) for T2D and 0.99 (0.94-1.04) for GDM without medications. The associations with anxiety followed similar patterns. The significant associations were observed for offspring ages 5-12 and >12-18 years and attenuated for 18-25 years. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the severity of diabetes (T1D vs. T2D requiring medications vs. GDM requiring medications) during pregnancy may increase the vulnerability of offspring for depression or anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anny H. Xiang
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | - Jane C. Lin
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | - Ting Chow
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | - Mayra P. Martinez
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | - Sonya Negriff
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | - Kathleen A. Page
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sarah A. Carter
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
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Gong L, Jiang S, Tian J, Li Y, Yu W, Zhang L, Xiao D. STZ-induced gestational diabetes exposure alters PTEN/AKT/mTOR-mediated autophagy signaling pathway leading to increase the risk of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 123:108494. [PMID: 38706688 PMCID: PMC11068333 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy has significant consequences for the unborn baby and newborn infant. However, whether and how GDM exposure induces the development of neonatal brain hypoxia/ischemia-sensitive phenotype and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we used a late GDM rat model induced by administration of streptozotocin (STZ) on gestational day 12 and investigated its effects of GDM on neonatal brain development. The pregnant rats exhibited increased blood glucose levels in a dose-dependent manner after STZ administration. STZ-induced maternal hyperglycemia led to reduced blood glucose levels in neonatal offspring, resulting in growth restriction and an increased brain to body weight ratio. Importantly, GDM exposure increased susceptibility to hypoxia/ischemia (HI)-induced brain infarct sizes compared to the controls in both male and female neonatal offspring. Further molecular analysis revealed alterations in the PTEN/AKT/mTOR/autophagy signaling pathway in neonatal male offspring brains, along with increased ROS production and autophagy-related proteins (Atg5 and LC3-II). Treatment with the PTEN inhibitor bisperoxovanadate (BPV) eliminated the differences in HI-induced brain infarct sizes between the GDM-exposed and the control groups. These findings provide novel evidence of the development of a brain hypoxia/ischemia-sensitive phenotype in response to GDM exposure and highlight the role of the PTEN/AKT/mTOR/autophagy signaling pathway in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gong
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Siyi Jiang
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Tian
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Wansu Yu
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Daliao Xiao
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
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Suleri A, White T, Blok E, Cecil CAM, Reiss I, Jaddoe VWV, Gigase FAJ, Hillegers MHJ, de Witte L, Bergink V, Rommel AS. The Association Between Prenatal Infection and Adolescent Behavior: Investigating Multiple Prenatal, Perinatal, and Childhood Second Hits. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 62:1340-1350. [PMID: 37400063 PMCID: PMC10981534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to infections during pregnancy may be a potential risk factor for later psychopathology, but large-scale epidemiological studies investigating associations between prenatal infection and long-term offspring behavioral problems in the general population are scarce. In our study, we aimed to investigate the following: (1) the association between prenatal infection and adolescent behavior, (2) putative underlying pathways (mediation), and (3) "second hits" interacting with prenatal infection to increase the risk of adolescent behavior problems (moderation). METHOD Our study was embedded in a prospective Dutch pregnancy cohort (Generation R; n = 2,213 mother-child dyads). We constructed a comprehensive prenatal infection score comprising common infections for each trimester of pregnancy. At age 13 to 16 years, we assessed total, internalizing, and externalizing problems, and autistic traits using the Child Behavioral Checklist and the Social Responsiveness Scale, respectively. We investigated maternal lifestyle and nutrition, perinatal factors (placental health and delivery outcomes), and child health (lifestyle, traumatic events, infections) as mediators and moderators. RESULTS We observed associations of prenatal infection with adolescent total behavioral, internalizing, and externalizing problems. The association between prenatal infection and internalizing problems was moderated by higher levels of maternal psychopathology, alcohol and tobacco use, and a higher number of traumatic childhood events. We found no association between prenatal infection and autistic traits. Yet, children exposed to prenatal infections and maternal substance use, and/or traumatic childhood events, had a higher risk of autistic traits in adolescence. CONCLUSION Prenatal infection may be a risk factor for later psychiatric problems as well as a disease primer making individuals susceptible to other hits later in life. STUDY PREREGISTRATION INFORMATION Prenatal maternal infection and adverse neurodevelopment: a structural equation modelling approach to downstream environmental hits; https://osf.io/cp85a; cp85a. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT We worked to ensure race, ethnic, and/or other types of diversity in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure that the study questionnaires were prepared in an inclusive way. We worked to ensure sex and gender balance in the recruitment of human participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Suleri
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Tonya White
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabet Blok
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Irwin Reiss
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - F A J Gigase
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lot de Witte
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | - Veerle Bergink
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
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Shuffrey LC, Morales S, Jacobson MH, Enlow MB, Ghassabian A, Margolis AE, Lucchini M, Carroll KN, Crum RM, Dabelea D, Deutsch A, Fifer WP, Goldson B, Hockett CW, Mason WA, Jacobson LT, O’Connor TG, Pini N, Rayport Y, Sania A, Trasande L, Wright RJ, Lee S, Monk C. Association of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Perinatal Maternal Depression with Early Childhood Behavioral Problems: An Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Study. Child Dev 2023; 94:1595-1609. [PMID: 37132048 PMCID: PMC10620104 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the association of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), prenatal, and postnatal maternal depressive symptoms with externalizing, internalizing, and autism spectrum problems on the Preschool Child Behavior Checklist in 2379 children aged 4.12 ± 0.60 (48% female; 47% White, 32% Black, 15% Mixed Race, 4% Asian, <2% American Indian/Alaskan Native, <2% Native Hawaiian; 23% Hispanic). Data were collected from the NIH Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program from 2009-2021. GDM, prenatal, and postnatal maternal depressive symptoms were each associated with increased child externalizing and internalizing problems. GDM was associated with increased autism behaviors only among children exposed to perinatal maternal depressive symptoms above the median level. Stratified analyses revealed a relation between GDM and child outcomes in males only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. Shuffrey
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Santiago Morales
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Melanie H. Jacobson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Environmental Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michelle Bosquet Enlow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Akhgar Ghassabian
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amy E. Margolis
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maristella Lucchini
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kecia N. Carroll
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rosa M. Crum
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - William P. Fifer
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | - Brandon Goldson
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christine W. Hockett
- Avera Research Institute; Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - W. Alex Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lisette T. Jacobson
- Department of Population Health, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, Kansas, USA
| | - Thomas G O’Connor
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, Neuroscience, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Nicolò Pini
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yael Rayport
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ayesha Sania
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Seonjoo Lee
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Catherine Monk
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
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Rodolaki K, Pergialiotis V, Iakovidou N, Boutsikou T, Iliodromiti Z, Kanaka-Gantenbein C. The impact of maternal diabetes on the future health and neurodevelopment of the offspring: a review of the evidence. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1125628. [PMID: 37469977 PMCID: PMC10352101 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1125628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal health during gestational period is undoubtedly critical in shaping optimal fetal development and future health of the offspring. Gestational diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder occurring in pregnancy with an alarming increasing incidence worldwide during recent years. Over the years, there is a growing body of evidence that uncontrolled maternal hyperglycaemia during pregnancy can potentially have detrimental effect on the neurodevelopment of the offspring. Both human and animal data have linked maternal diabetes with motor and cognitive impairment, as well as autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, learning abilities and psychiatric disorders. This review presents the available data from current literature investigating the relationship between maternal diabetes and offspring neurodevelopmental impairment. Moreover, possible mechanisms accounting for the detrimental effects of maternal diabetes on fetal brain like fetal neuroinflammation, iron deficiency, epigenetic alterations, disordered lipid metabolism and structural brain abnormalities are also highlighted. On the basis of the evidence demonstrated in the literature, it is mandatory that hyperglycaemia during pregnancy will be optimally controlled and the impact of maternal diabetes on offspring neurodevelopment will be more thoroughly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Rodolaki
- First Department of Pediatrics, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilios Pergialiotis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikoleta Iakovidou
- Neonatal Department, Aretaieio Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Boutsikou
- Neonatal Department, Aretaieio Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Zoe Iliodromiti
- Neonatal Department, Aretaieio Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
- First Department of Pediatrics, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Yan YS, Feng C, Yu DQ, Tian S, Zhou Y, Huang YT, Cai YT, Chen J, Zhu MM, Jin M. Long-term outcomes and potential mechanisms of offspring exposed to intrauterine hyperglycemia. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1067282. [PMID: 37255932 PMCID: PMC10226394 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1067282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus during pregnancy, which can be classified into pregestational diabetes and gestational diabetes, has become much more prevalent worldwide. Maternal diabetes fosters an intrauterine abnormal environment for fetus, which not only influences pregnancy outcomes, but also leads to fetal anomaly and development of diseases in later life, such as metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, neuropsychiatric outcomes, reproduction malformation, and immune dysfunction. The underlying mechanisms are comprehensive and ambiguous, which mainly focus on microbiota, inflammation, reactive oxygen species, cell viability, and epigenetics. This review concluded with the influence of intrauterine hyperglycemia on fetal structure development and organ function on later life and outlined potential mechanisms that underpin the development of diseases in adulthood. Maternal diabetes leaves an effect that continues generations after generations through gametes, thus more attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of diabetes to rescue the pathological attacks of maternal diabetes from the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shang Yan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun Feng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Qing Yu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shen Tian
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Zhou
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ting Huang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ting Cai
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miao-Miao Zhu
- Department of Operating Theatre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Xiang AH. Diabetes in Pregnancy for Mothers and Offspring: Reflection on 30 Years of Clinical and Translational Research: The 2022 Norbert Freinkel Award Lecture. Diabetes Care 2023; 46:482-489. [PMID: 37594959 PMCID: PMC10020015 DOI: 10.2337/dci22-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia during pregnancy is a double-edged sword, affecting both mothers and their offspring and creating a vicious cycle that can affect multiple generations. Research in this field over the past 30 years has greatly improved our understanding of this disease and formed the basis of improved strategies to improve the health of mothers and their babies. Despite this progress, gestational and preexisting diabetes continue to have significant effects on both short- and long-term health of mothers and their offspring. In this article, I provide an overview of the work that my colleagues and I have done to advance the knowledge base around diabetes and pregnancy in four areas: 1) diabetes risk after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), including racial and ethnic disparities; 2) the pathophysiology of GDM and subsequent diabetes in Hispanic women; 3) diabetes prevention and β-cell preservation following GDM; and 4) evidence for multiple potential developmental effects in offspring that vary according to the timing of exposure and severity of maternal diabetes during pregnancy. This research continues the legacy of Norbert Freinkel and the concepts that he contributed to the field of diabetes and pregnancy. With the epidemic of obesity, increasing rates of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in youth, and rising prevalence of GDM across all racial and ethnic groups, we have a lot more work to do to combat this disease to break the vicious cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anny H. Xiang
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
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10
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Ju Y, Shen T, Guo Z, Kong Y, Huang Y, Hu J. Identification of methylation-driven genes, circulating miRNAs and their potential regulatory mechanisms in gestational diabetes mellitus. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:336-349. [PMID: 36777869 PMCID: PMC9908470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a major pregnancy complication. The purpose of this study is to investigate the molecular regulatory mechanisms of GDM. METHODS RNA-seq and methylation data of GDM were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Following principal component analysis (PCA), differentially expressed mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) in the blood were highlighted between GDM and the control. Then, an abnormally expressed miRNA-mRNA network was constructed, based on which a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established to identify hub genes. Differentially expressed and methylated genes were identified for GDM, followed by functional enrichment analysis. RESULTS According to PCA results, no outlier samples were found. A total of 35 differentially expressed circulating miRNAs were identified for GDM. The miRNA-mRNA regulatory network consisted of 94 miRNA-mRNA pairs. The PPI network contained 10 hub genes, including HIF1A, TLR2, FOS, IL6R, MYLIP, ABCA1, SELL, BCL3, AP1G1 and NECAP1. Furthermore, 22 down-regulated and hypermethylated genes and 8 up-regulated and hypomethylated genes were identified for GDM, which are related to helper T cell (Th) differentiation. CONCLUSION We identified methylation-driven genes and circulating miRNAs for GDM, which have the potential to serve as novel diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejun Ju
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215000, Jiangsu, P. R. China,Department of Endocrinology, Changshu No. 2 People’s HospitalChangshu 215500, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ting Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Changshu No. 2 People’s HospitalChangshu 215500, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhanhong Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Changshu No. 2 People’s HospitalChangshu 215500, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yinghong Kong
- Department of Endocrinology, Changshu No. 2 People’s HospitalChangshu 215500, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yun Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215000, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ji Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215000, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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11
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Hall MB, Willis DE, Rodriguez EL, Schwarz JM. Maternal immune activation as an epidemiological risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders: Considerations of timing, severity, individual differences, and sex in human and rodent studies. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1135559. [PMID: 37123361 PMCID: PMC10133487 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1135559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests that one's risk of being diagnosed with a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD)-such as autism, ADHD, or schizophrenia-increases significantly if their mother had a viral or bacterial infection during the first or second trimester of pregnancy. Despite this well-known data, little is known about how developing neural systems are perturbed by events such as early-life immune activation. One theory is that the maternal immune response disrupts neural processes important for typical fetal and postnatal development, which can subsequently result in specific and overlapping behavioral phenotypes in offspring, characteristic of NDDs. As such, rodent models of maternal immune activation (MIA) have been useful in elucidating neural mechanisms that may become dysregulated by MIA. This review will start with an up-to-date and in-depth, critical summary of epidemiological data in humans, examining the association between different types of MIA and NDD outcomes in offspring. Thereafter, we will summarize common rodent models of MIA and discuss their relevance to the human epidemiological data. Finally, we will highlight other factors that may interact with or impact MIA and its associated risk for NDDs, and emphasize the importance for researchers to consider these when designing future human and rodent studies. These points to consider include: the sex of the offspring, the developmental timing of the immune challenge, and other factors that may contribute to individual variability in neural and behavioral responses to MIA, such as genetics, parental age, the gut microbiome, prenatal stress, and placental buffering.
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12
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Relationship between the Dietary Inflammatory Index Score and Cytokine Levels in Chinese Pregnant Women during the Second and Third Trimesters. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010194. [PMID: 36615851 PMCID: PMC9824482 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of dietary inflammatory potential on serum cytokine concentrations in second and third trimesters of Chinese pregnant women is not clear. A total of 175 pregnant women from the Tianjin Maternal and Child Health Education and Service Cohort (TMCHESC) were included. The dietary inflammatory index (DII) was calculated based on 24-h food records. Serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, C-reactive protein (CRP), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels in the second and third trimesters were measured. The mean DII scores (mean ± SD) were -0.07 ± 1.65 and 0.06 ± 1.65 in the second and third trimesters, respectively. In the third trimester, IL-1β (p = 0.039) and MCP-1 (p = 0.035) levels decreased and then increased with increasing DII scores. IL-10 concentrations decreased in pregnant women whose DII scores increased between the second and third trimesters (p = 0.011). Thiamin and vitamin C were negatively correlated with MCP-1 (β = -0.879, and β = -0.003) and IL-6 (β = -0.602, and β = -0.002) levels in the third trimester. In conclusion, the DII score had a U-shaped association with cytokine levels during the third trimester. Changes in DII scores between the second and third trimesters of pregnancy were correlated with cytokine levels during the third trimester.
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Euclydes V, Gomes C, Gouveia G, Gastaldi VD, Feltrin AS, Camilo C, Vieira RP, Felipe-Silva A, Grisi S, Fink G, Brentani A, Brentani H. Gestational age acceleration is associated with epigenetic biomarkers of prenatal physiologic stress exposure. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:152. [PMID: 36443840 PMCID: PMC9703828 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiological maternal stress response, such as imbalance in the glucocorticoid pathway and immune system seems to be mediated by DNA methylation (DNAm) and might translate intrauterine stress exposures into phenotypic changes in a sex-specific manner. DNAm in specific sites can also predict newborn gestational age and gestational age acceleration (GAA). GAA occurs when the predicted biological age is higher than the chronological age. In adults, poor health outcomes related to this deviance are well documented and raise questions for the interpretation and prediction in early stages of life. Boys seem to be more vulnerable to intrauterine stress exposure than girls; however, the mechanisms of adaptive sex-specific responses are still unclear. We hypothesize that intrauterine stress exposure is associated with GAA and could be different in boys and girls if inflammatory or glucocorticoid pathways exposure is considered. RESULTS Using the Western Region Birth Cohort (ROC-São Paulo, Brazil) (n = 83), we calculated DNAm age and GAA from cord blood samples. Two epigenetic risk scores were calculated as an indirect proxy for low-grade inflammation (i-ePGS) and for glucocorticoid exposure (GES). Multivariate linear regression models were applied to investigate associations of GAA with prenatal exposures. The i-ePGS and GES were included in different models with the same co-variates considering sex interactions. The first multivariate model investigating inflammatory exposure (adj. R2 = 0.31, p = < 0.001) showed that GAA was positively associated with i-ePGS (CI, 0.26-113.87, p = 0.049) and negative pregnancy-related feelings (CI, 0.04-0.48 p = 0.019). No sex interaction was observed. The second model investigating glucocorticoid exposure (adj. R2 = 0.32, p = < 0.001) showed that the higher was the GAA was associated with a lower the lower was the GES in girls (CI, 0.04-2.55, p = 0.044). In both models, maternal self-reported mental disorder was negatively associated with GAA. CONCLUSION Prenatal epigenetic score of exposure to low-grade inflammatory was a predictor of GAA for both sexes. Glucocorticoid epigenetic score seems to be more important to GAA in girls. This study supports the evidence of sex-specificity in stress response, suggesting the glucocorticoid as a possible pathway adopted by girls to accelerate the maturation in an adverse condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verônica Euclydes
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, LIM23 (Térreo), São Paulo, 05403-010 Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Laboratório de Psicopatologia e Terapêutica Psiquiátrica (LIM23), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Catarina Gomes
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, LIM23 (Térreo), São Paulo, 05403-010 Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Laboratório de Psicopatologia e Terapêutica Psiquiátrica (LIM23), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Gouveia
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, LIM23 (Térreo), São Paulo, 05403-010 Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Laboratório de Psicopatologia e Terapêutica Psiquiátrica (LIM23), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Daguano Gastaldi
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, LIM23 (Térreo), São Paulo, 05403-010 Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Laboratório de Psicopatologia e Terapêutica Psiquiátrica (LIM23), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arthur Sant’Anna Feltrin
- grid.412368.a0000 0004 0643 8839Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Camilo
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, LIM23 (Térreo), São Paulo, 05403-010 Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Laboratório de Psicopatologia e Terapêutica Psiquiátrica (LIM23), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rossana Pulcineli Vieira
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Aloísio Felipe-Silva
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Departamento de Patologia, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Sandra Grisi
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Günther Fink
- grid.416786.a0000 0004 0587 0574Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Brentani
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Helena Brentani
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, LIM23 (Térreo), São Paulo, 05403-010 Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Laboratório de Psicopatologia e Terapêutica Psiquiátrica (LIM23), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Vilotić A, Nacka-Aleksić M, Pirković A, Bojić-Trbojević Ž, Dekanski D, Jovanović Krivokuća M. IL-6 and IL-8: An Overview of Their Roles in Healthy and Pathological Pregnancies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314574. [PMID: 36498901 PMCID: PMC9738067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an acknowledged inflammatory cytokine with a pleiotropic action, mediating innate and adaptive immunity and multiple physiological processes, including protective and regenerative ones. IL-8 is a pro-inflammatory CXC chemokine with a primary function in attracting and activating neutrophils, but also implicated in a variety of other cellular processes. These two ILs are abundantly expressed at the feto-maternal interface over the course of a pregnancy and have been shown to participate in numerous pregnancy-related events. In this review, we summarize the literature data regarding their role in healthy and pathological pregnancies. The general information related to IL-6 and IL-8 functions is followed by an overview of their overall expression in cycling endometrium and at the feto-maternal interface. Further, we provide an overview of their involvement in pregnancy establishment and parturition. Finally, the implication of IL-6 and IL-8 in pregnancy-associated pathological conditions, such as pregnancy loss, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus and infection/inflammation is discussed.
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15
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Shuffrey LC, Sania A, Brito NH, Potter M, Springer P, Lucchini M, Rayport YK, Du Plessis C, Odendaal HJ, Fifer WP. Association of maternal depression and anxiety with toddler social-emotional and cognitive development in South Africa: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058135. [PMID: 35418432 PMCID: PMC9014070 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A robust literature has identified associations between prenatal maternal depression and adverse child social-emotional and cognitive outcomes. The majority of prior research is from high-income countries despite increased reporting of perinatal depression in low/middle-income countries (LMICs). Additionally, despite the comorbidity between depression and anxiety, few prior studies have examined their joint impact on child neurodevelopment. The objective of the current analysis was to examine associations between prenatal maternal depression and anxiety with child social-emotional and cognitive development in a cohort from the Western Cape Province of South Africa. DESIGN Prenatal maternal depression and anxiety were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Scale at 20-24 weeks' gestation. Child neurobehaviour was assessed at age 3 using the Brief Infant-Toddler Social Emotional Assessment and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development III Screening Test (BSID-III ST). We used linear regression models to examine the independent and joint association between prenatal maternal depression, anxiety and child developmental outcomes. RESULTS Participants consisted of 600 maternal-infant dyads (274 females; gestational age at birth: 38.89 weeks±2.03). Children born to mothers with both prenatal depression and trait anxiety had higher social-emotional problems (mean difference: 4.66; 95% CI 3.43 to 5.90) compared with children born to mothers with no prenatal depression or trait anxiety, each condition alone, or compared with mothers with depression and state anxiety. Additionally, children born to mothers with prenatal maternal depression and trait anxiety had the greatest reduction in mean cognitive scores on the BSID-III ST (mean difference: -1.04; 95% CI -1.99 to -0.08). CONCLUSIONS The observed association between comorbid prenatal maternal depression and chronic anxiety with subsequent child social-emotional and cognitive development underscores the need for targeting mental health support among perinatal women in LMICs to improve long-term child neurobehavioural outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Shuffrey
- Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Ayesha Sania
- Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Natalie H Brito
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Mandy Potter
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Priscilla Springer
- Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Maristella Lucchini
- Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
- Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Yael K Rayport
- Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Carlie Du Plessis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hein J Odendaal
- Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - William P Fifer
- Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
- Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City, New York, USA
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Sharma S, Banerjee S, Krueger PM, Blois SM. Immunobiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Post-Medawar Era. Front Immunol 2022; 12:758267. [PMID: 35046934 PMCID: PMC8761800 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.758267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the concepts related to fetal immune tolerance proposed by Sir Peter Medawar in the 1950s have not withstood the test of time, they revolutionized our current understanding of the immunity at the maternal-fetal interface. An important extension of the original Medawar paradigm is the investigation into the underlying mechanisms for adverse pregnancy outcomes, including recurrent spontaneous abortion, preterm birth, preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Although a common pregnancy complication with systemic symptoms, GDM still lacks understanding of immunological perturbations associated with the pathological processes, particularly at the maternal-fetal interface. GDM has been characterized by low grade systemic inflammation that exacerbates maternal immune responses. In this regard, GDM may also entail mild autoimmune pathology by dysregulating circulating and uterine regulatory T cells (Tregs). The aim of this review article is to focus on maternal-fetal immunological tolerance phenomenon and discuss how local or systemic inflammation has been programmed in GDM. Specifically, this review addresses the following questions: Does the inflammatory or exhausted Treg population affecting the Th17:Treg ratio lead to the propensity of a pro-inflammatory environment? Do glycans and glycan-binding proteins (mainly galectins) contribute to the biology of immune responses in GDM? Our understanding of these important questions is still elementary as there are no well-defined animal models that mimic all the features of GDM or can be used to better understand the mechanistic underpinnings associated with this common pregnancy complication. In this review, we will leverage our preliminary studies and the literature to provide a conceptualized discussion on the immunobiology of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital-Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Sayani Banerjee
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital-Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Paula M Krueger
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital-Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Sandra M Blois
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Shashikadze B, Flenkenthaler F, Stöckl JB, Valla L, Renner S, Kemter E, Wolf E, Fröhlich T. Developmental Effects of (Pre-)Gestational Diabetes on Offspring: Systematic Screening Using Omics Approaches. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1991. [PMID: 34946940 PMCID: PMC8701487 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, gestational diabetes affects 2-25% of pregnancies. Due to related disturbances of the maternal metabolism during the periconceptional period and pregnancy, children bear an increased risk for future diseases. It is well known that an aberrant intrauterine environment caused by elevated maternal glucose levels is related to elevated risks for increased birth weights and metabolic disorders in later life, such as obesity or type 2 diabetes. The complexity of disturbances induced by maternal diabetes, with multiple underlying mechanisms, makes early diagnosis or prevention a challenging task. Omics technologies allowing holistic quantification of several classes of molecules from biological fluids, cells, or tissues are powerful tools to systematically investigate the effects of maternal diabetes on the offspring in an unbiased manner. Differentially abundant molecules or distinct molecular profiles may serve as diagnostic biomarkers, which may also support the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize key findings from state-of-the-art Omics studies addressing the impact of maternal diabetes on offspring health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bachuki Shashikadze
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (B.S.); (F.F.); (J.B.S.)
| | - Florian Flenkenthaler
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (B.S.); (F.F.); (J.B.S.)
| | - Jan B. Stöckl
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (B.S.); (F.F.); (J.B.S.)
| | - Libera Valla
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.V.); (S.R.); (E.K.)
| | - Simone Renner
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.V.); (S.R.); (E.K.)
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kemter
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.V.); (S.R.); (E.K.)
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (B.S.); (F.F.); (J.B.S.)
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.V.); (S.R.); (E.K.)
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (B.S.); (F.F.); (J.B.S.)
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Zhu B, Deng F, Yan S, Huang K, Wu X, Tao X, Wang S, Tao F. Gestational diabetes mellitus, autistic traits and ADHD symptoms in toddlers: Placental inflammatory and oxidative stress cytokines do not play an intermediary role. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 134:105435. [PMID: 34649104 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with increased risks of autistic traits and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among offspring and whether placental inflammatory and oxidative stress cytokines play an intermediary role. METHODS Based on a prospective cohort study from China, namely, the Ma'anshan Birth Cohort study (MABC), 3260 mother-child pairs were included. Autistic traits and ADHD symptoms among children were assessed at 18 months and 36 months, respectively. The mRNA expression levels of fourteen placental cytokines were determined using PCR. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations between GDM and the risks of autistic traits or ADHD symptoms. Mediation analysis was used to assess the potential mediation effects of certain placental inflammatory factors. RESULTS Of the 3260 children, 419 (12.85%) were exposed to GDM. The prevalence rates of autistic traits and ADHD symptoms were 13.86% and 6.4%, respectively. A 48.6% increased risk of autistic traits was observed among offspring born to mothers with GDM [odds ratio (OR) = 1.49, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.11-2.00)], while no significant association was found in terms of ADHD symptoms. There were significant positive associations between GDM and IL-10 expression and between HIF1-α and CRP mRNA expression and a significant negative association between GDM and CD206 mRNA expression. The expression of MCP-1 mRNA was negatively associated with the risk of autistic traits [adjusted OR = 0.73 (95%CI: 0.73-0.55)]. The levels of TNF-α were positively associated with the risk of ADHD symptoms [OR = 2.11 (95%CI: 1.39-3.21)], while GRP78 was inversely associated with it [OR = 0.64 (95%CI: 0.44-0.94)]. However, none of the 14 placental cytokines was involved as a key mediator. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that GDM may act as a risk factor for autistic traits in offspring, while the biological mechanisms may not involve the 14 placental cytokines studied. No significant association between GDM and ADHD symptoms was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University; No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fen Deng
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University; No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shuangqin Yan
- Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health Care Center, Ma'anshan, China
| | - Kun Huang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University; No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University; No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xingyong Tao
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University; No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Sufang Wang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University; No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University; No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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19
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Lins B. Maternal immune activation as a risk factor for psychiatric illness in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 16:100297. [PMID: 34308388 PMCID: PMC8279925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, due to infectious pathogens or other non-infectious stimuli, during pregnancy is associated with elevated risk for neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism in the offspring. Although historically identified through retrospective epidemiologic studies, the relationship between maternal immune activation and offspring neurodevelopmental disease risk is now well established because of clinical studies which utilized prospective birth cohorts, serologically confirmed infection records, and subsequent long-term offspring follow-up. These efforts have been corroborated by preclinical research which demonstrates anatomical, biochemical, and behavioural alterations that resemble the clinical features of psychiatric illnesses. Intervention studies further demonstrate causal roles of inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, in these long-lasting changes in behaviour and brain. This review summarizes a selection of maternal immune activation literature that explores the relationship between these inflammatory mediators and the neuropsychiatric-like effects later observed in the offspring. This literature is presented alongside emerging information regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy, with discussion of how these data may inform future research regarding the effects of the present coronavirus pandemic on emerging birth cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney Lins
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.
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20
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Blais K, Arguin M, Allard C, Doyon M, Dolinsky VW, Bouchard L, Hivert MF, Perron P. Maternal glucose in pregnancy is associated with child's adiposity and leptin at 5 years of age. Pediatr Obes 2021; 16:e12788. [PMID: 33728816 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to maternal hyperglycaemia in pregnancy has been associated with childhood obesity. Leptin regulation might be involved in this 'adiposity programming' and may depend on timing of exposure. OBJECTIVES To investigate associations of maternal glycaemia at different periods in pregnancy with childhood adiposity and leptin levels at 5 years of age. METHODS In a prospective pre-birth cohort, we measured maternal glucose levels after a 50 g oral glucose challenge test at first trimester (9.8 ± 2.3 weeks) and during a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test at second trimester (26.5 ± 0.9 weeks). We followed up children at 5 years; we measured anthropometry and body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). We measured fasting leptin levels using immunoassays (Luminex) in 328 children. We conducted linear regression analyses, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Maternal glycaemia at first trimester was associated with childhood leptin levels at 5 years, independently of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and other confounders (β = .09 ± .04; P = .03). Higher post-load glucose levels at second trimester were associated with greater total body fat percentage measured by DXA (1 hour-glucose: β = .010 ± .004; P = .03 and 2 hours-glucose: β = .016 ± .005; P = .002), but not with leptin levels. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that programming of leptin regulation may be sensitive to maternal hyperglycaemia specifically in early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasandra Blais
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Mélina Arguin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Catherine Allard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Myriam Doyon
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Vernon W Dolinsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Luigi Bouchard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medical Biology, CIUSSS of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, Saguenay, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrice Perron
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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21
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Han VX, Patel S, Jones HF, Dale RC. Maternal immune activation and neuroinflammation in human neurodevelopmental disorders. Nat Rev Neurol 2021; 17:564-579. [PMID: 34341569 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00530-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Maternal health during pregnancy plays a major role in shaping health and disease risks in the offspring. The maternal immune activation hypothesis proposes that inflammatory perturbations in utero can affect fetal neurodevelopment, and evidence from human epidemiological studies supports an association between maternal inflammation during pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Diverse maternal inflammatory factors, including obesity, asthma, autoimmune disease, infection and psychosocial stress, are associated with an increased risk of NDDs in the offspring. In addition to inflammation, epigenetic factors are increasingly recognized to operate at the gene-environment interface during NDD pathogenesis. For example, integrated brain transcriptome and epigenetic analyses of individuals with NDDs demonstrate convergent dysregulated immune pathways. In this Review, we focus on the emerging human evidence for an association between maternal immune activation and childhood NDDs, including autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and Tourette syndrome. We refer to established pathophysiological concepts in animal models, including immune signalling across the placenta, epigenetic 'priming' of offspring microglia and postnatal immune-brain crosstalk. The increasing incidence of NDDs has created an urgent need to mitigate the risk and severity of these conditions through both preventive strategies in pregnancy and novel postnatal therapies targeting disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velda X Han
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shrujna Patel
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hannah F Jones
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Neuroservices, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Russell C Dale
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. .,The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. .,The Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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22
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Dong X, Lin D, Sheng J, Xie Y. Intrauterine hyperglycemia induces liver inflammation in mouse male offspring. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:107974. [PMID: 34358862 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication of pregnancy characterized by intrauterine hyperglycemia, which is often associated with a high risk of obesity and diabetes in the offspring. In this study, we established a GDM mouse model by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to investigate the immuno-inflammatory responses in the liver of adult offspring. Glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were employed to evaluate the glucose tolerance status. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to examine the histological changes in the liver. Quantitative real-timePCR (qRT-PCR) was applied to examine the mRNA expression of immune factors. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses were used to examine the expression of target protein. Additionally, cell experiments were performed to validate the in vivo results. Compared to the control group, the area of fat vacuoles and the number of lymphocyte cells were significantly higher in the 20 weeks-old offspring of GDM mice. The elevated mRNA level of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-33 and immune receptors CD3 and CD36 were found in the liver of F1-GDM. The protein level of IL-6r and the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 were significantly up-regulated. Moreover, the mRNA level of IL-6, IL-1β and IL-33 and the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 were also up-regulated in the hepatocyte treated with high concentration of glucose. Our results suggest that intrauterine hyperglycemia is associated with increased inflammation in the liver of adult male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Dong
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Donghui Lin
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Jianzhong Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Yicheng Xie
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China.
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23
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Woods RM, Lorusso JM, Potter HG, Neill JC, Glazier JD, Hager R. Maternal immune activation in rodent models: A systematic review of neurodevelopmental changes in gene expression and epigenetic modulation in the offspring brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 129:389-421. [PMID: 34280428 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (mIA) during pregnancy is hypothesised to disrupt offspring neurodevelopment and predispose offspring to neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia. Rodent models of mIA have explored possible mechanisms underlying this paradigm and provide a vital tool for preclinical research. However, a comprehensive analysis of the molecular changes that occur in mIA-models is lacking, hindering identification of robust clinical targets. This systematic review assesses mIA-driven transcriptomic and epigenomic alterations in specific offspring brain regions. Across 118 studies, we focus on 88 candidate genes and show replicated changes in expression in critical functional areas, including elevated inflammatory markers, and reduced myelin and GABAergic signalling proteins. Further, disturbed epigenetic markers at nine of these genes support mIA-driven epigenetic modulation of transcription. Overall, our results demonstrate that current outcome measures have direct relevance for the hypothesised pathology of schizophrenia and emphasise the importance of mIA-models in contributing to the understanding of biological pathways impacted by mIA and the discovery of new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Woods
- Division of Evolution & Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Center, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom.
| | - Jarred M Lorusso
- Division of Evolution & Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Center, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Harry G Potter
- Division of Evolution & Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Center, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna C Neill
- Division of Pharmacy & Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Center, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Jocelyn D Glazier
- Division of Evolution & Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Center, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Reinmar Hager
- Division of Evolution & Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Center, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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24
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Hoff A, Rath N, Lisko J, Zeller M, Balendiran GK. Signature of Glycylglutamic Acid Structure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS 2021; 9:8-15. [PMID: 34660846 PMCID: PMC8515908 DOI: 10.13189/ijbb.2021.090102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutamate (Glu) is of great interest in biomedical research. It is considered a biomarker in diabetes, which may potentially contribute to the development of autism in genetically vulnerable human populations, and it is found in relation to advanced glycation end products (AGEs) [1]. Additionally, Glu plays an active role in the function of ligand-gated ion channel glutamate receptors, chloride channels capable of filtering glutamate, as well as Potassium (K+)-channel [2]. Glu attains α [3] and β [4] crystal forms and Cβ-CH2 show asymmetric 1H signal pattern in NMR spectra. OBJECTIVES The current study was undertaken to understand the signal patterns of Cβ-CH2 in Glu of the smallest dipeptide, Glycylglutamic Acid (GlyGlu), as well as the order, and planarity of the amide bond in the molecule. MATERIALS AND METHODS NMR spectra of GlyGlu were measured in D2O to deduce 1H and 13C chemical shifts and coupling constants. GlyGlu was crystallized from MeOH and the structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. RESULTS The sidechain of Glu in the dipeptide dissimilates the β form. The amino group of Gly (Glycine) is protonated and exhibits hydrogen bonding with the main chain carboxylate group of a symmetry-related Glu that is deprotonated in the crystal packing of GlyGlu. The deprotonated main chain carboxylate of Glu is also in hydrogen-bonding distance from the side chain carboxylic acid group that is in the protonated form of a symmetry-related Glu of the dipeptide. The Cβ-CH2 geminal protons on the side chain of Glu have different chemical shifts and splitting pattern in 1H NMR reflecting their dissymmetric environment. CONCLUSION The results reported will be useful for monitoring changes that Glu and/or molecules in connection to Glu may undergo in in vivo, in situ, and in vitro conditions. This provides a valuable metric which will enable the examination of the metabolites relevant to the detection and diagnosis of disease or developmental conditions, as well as scrutinizing the effectiveness of treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Hoff
- Department of Chemistry, Youngstown State University,
Youngstown, OH 44555, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Central DuPage Hospital, Winfield, IL
60190, USA
| | - Nigam Rath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for
Nanoscience, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - John Lisko
- Department of Chemistry, Youngstown State University,
Youngstown, OH 44555, USA
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Youngstown State University,
Youngstown, OH 44555, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette,
Indiana 47907, USA
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25
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Chen X, Kong L, Piltonen TT, Gissler M, Lavebratt C. Association of polycystic ovary syndrome or anovulatory infertility with offspring psychiatric and mild neurodevelopmental disorders: a Finnish population-based cohort study. Hum Reprod 2021; 35:2336-2347. [PMID: 32866965 PMCID: PMC7518708 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaa192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is maternal polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) associated with increased risks for a broad spectrum of psychiatric and mild neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring? SUMMARY ANSWER Maternal PCOS and/or anovulatory infertility is independently, and jointly with maternal obesity, perinatal problems, cesarean delivery and gestational diabetes, associated with increased risks in offspring for almost all groups of psychiatric and mild neurodevelopmental disorders with onset in childhood or adolescence. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Maternal PCOS was previously associated with autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders and possibly developmental delay in offspring. Few studies have investigated the association between maternal PCOS and other psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This was a population-based cohort study in Finland including all live births between 1996 and 2014 (n = 1 105 997). After excluding births to mothers with symptoms similar to PCOS, a total of 1 097 753 births by 590 939 mothers remained. Children were followed up until 31 December 2018, i.e. up to the age of 22 years. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS National registries were used to link data of the included births and their mothers. Data from 24 682 (2.2%) children born to mothers with PCOS were compared with 1 073 071 (97.8%) children born to mothers without PCOS. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI for the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders in relation to maternal PCOS. Stratified analyses were performed to test the independent role of PCOS and the joint effects of PCOS with maternal obesity, perinatal problems, cesarean delivery, gestational diabetes and use of fertility treatment. The analysis was adjusted for maternal age, country of birth, marriage status at birth, smoking, parity, psychiatric disorders, prescription of psychotropic N05/N06 during pregnancy and systemic inflammatory diseases when applicable. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A total of 105 409 (9.8%) children were diagnosed with a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder. Firstly, maternal PCOS was associated with any psychiatric diagnosis (HR 1.32; 95% CI 1.27-1.38) in offspring. Particularly, the risk was increased for sleeping disorders (HR 1.46; 95% CI 1.27-1.67), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders and conduct disorders (HR 1.42; 95% CI 1.33-1.52), tic disorders (HR 1.42; 95% CI 1.21-1.68), intellectual disabilities (HR 1.41; 95% CI 1.24-1.60), autism spectrum disorder (HR 1.40; 95% CI 1.26-1.57), specific developmental disorders (HR 1.37; 95% CI 1.30-1.43), eating disorders (HR 1.36; 95% CI 1.15-1.61), anxiety disorders (HR 1.33; 95% CI 1.26-1.41), mood disorders (HR 1.27; 95% CI 1.18-1.35) and other behavioral and emotional disorders (ICD-10 F98, HR 1.49; 95% CI 1.39-1.59). In short, there was no significant difference between sexes. The results were robust when restricting the analyses to the first-born children or births to mothers without psychiatric diagnosis or purchase of psychotropic medication. Secondly, stratified analysis according to maternal BMI showed that the risk of any neuropsychiatric disorder was increased in offspring to normal-weight mothers with PCOS (HR 1.20; 95% CI 1.09-1.32), and markedly higher in those to severely obese mothers with PCOS (HR 2.11; 95% CI 1.76-2.53) compared to offspring to normal-weight mothers without PCOS. When excluding perinatal problems, mothers with PCOS were still associated with increased risks of any neuropsychiatric disorders in offspring (HR 1.28; 95% CI 1.22-1.34) compared to mothers without PCOS. However, an additional increase was observed for PCOS in combination with perinatal problems (HR 1.99; 95% CI 1.84-2.16). Likewise, excluding cases with maternal gestational diabetes (HR 1.30; 95% CI 1.25-1.36), cesarean delivery (HR 1.29; 95% CI 1.23-1.35) or fertility treatment (HR 1.31; 95% CI 1.25-1.36) did not eliminate the associations. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The register-based prevalence of PCOS was lower than previously reported, suggesting that this study may capture the most severe cases. To combine anovulatory infertility with PCOS diagnosis as PCOS exposure might introduce diagnostic bias. It was not feasible to distinguish between subtypes of PCOS. Furthermore, familial factors might confound the association between maternal PCOS and neuropsychiatric disorders in offspring. Maternal BMI was available for birth cohort 2004-2014 only and there was no information on gestational weight gain. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study provides further evidence that maternal PCOS and/or anovulatory infertility, independently and jointly with maternal obesity, perinatal problems, gestational diabetes and cesarean delivery, implies a broad range of adverse effects on offspring neurodevelopment. These findings may potentially help in counseling and managing pregnancies. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by the joint research funding of Shandong University and Karolinska Institute (SDU-KI-2019-08 to X.C and C.L.), THL Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare: Drug and pregnancy project [M.G.], the Swedish Research Council [2014-10171 to C.L.], the regional agreement on medical training and clinical research (ALF) between Stockholm County Council and Karolinska Institute Stockholm County Council [SLL20170292 to C.L.], the Swedish Brain Foundation [FO2018-0141 and FO2019-0201 to C.L.]. X.C. was supported by the China Scholarship Council during her training in Karolinska Institute. L.K. was supported by the China Scholarship Council for his PhD study in Karolinska Institute. The authors have no competing interests to disclose. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxia Chen
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linghua Kong
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Terhi T Piltonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Gissler
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Oulu, Finland.,Division of Family Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Catharina Lavebratt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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Forestieri S, Pintus R, Marcialis MA, Pintus MC, Fanos V. COVID-19 and developmental origins of health and disease. Early Hum Dev 2021; 155:105322. [PMID: 33571742 PMCID: PMC7837628 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2021.105322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
From the moment of the identification of SARS-CoV-2 as an etiological agent of the severe clinical pictures of pneumonia that were being slowly observed all over the world, numerous studies have been conducted to increase the knowledge about what was an unknown virus until then. The efforts were mainly aimed to acquire epidemiological, microbiological, pathogenetic, clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive information in order to increase the available weapons to fight an infection which was rapidly taking on the characteristics of the pandemic. Given the topicality of the problem, not everything has yet been fully understood and clarified, especially in the maternal-fetal‑neonatal field, where we are beginning to question what could be the outcomes of newborn babies born to mothers who contracted SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. Thus, the aim of this review is to analyze the long-term outcomes of this infection that could affect the offspring, regardless of a possible maternal-fetal transmission, focusing on, above all, the role of maternal immune activation and the expression of the Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in particular at the placental level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta Pintus
- Department of Surgery, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | | | | | - Vassilios Fanos
- Department of Surgery, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy,Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOU, Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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27
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Awamleh Z, Butcher DT, Hanley A, Retnakaran R, Haertle L, Haaf T, Hamilton J, Weksberg R. Exposure to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) alters DNA methylation in placenta and fetal cord blood. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 174:108690. [PMID: 33549677 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal exposure to maternal GDM increases offspring risk for adult-onset metabolic syndromes. Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation are modulators for fetal metabolic programming and susceptibility to adult-onset disease. This study investigates genome-wide DNA methylation in GDM exposed cord blood and placenta. METHODS Oral glucose tolerance testing between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy was used to determine severity of glucose intolerance. We measured DNA methylation (DNAm) using the Illumina Infinium 450 K array in 42 fetal cord blood and 36 placenta samples. RESULTS We identified 662 and 99 CpG sites in GDM placenta and cord blood, respectively at p-value <0.01 and a methylation difference >5% after adjustment for confounders. Annotated sites for AHRR and PTPRN2 were common to cord blood and placenta. Adding published GDM cord blood DNAm data we segregated patients based on treatment (Diet Only vs. +Insulin) and identified altered CpG sites to be unique to each GDM treatment group. CONCLUSION Consistency in findings with other studies provides evidence for the role of DNAm in placental and fetal responses to hyperglycemia. However, segregating DNAm analysis of GDM samples based on treatment may help delineate whether observed DNAm alterations are reflective of adaptive responses or treatment effects in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Awamleh
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darci T Butcher
- Head of Molecular Genomics, Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony Hanley
- Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Endocrinology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ravi Retnakaran
- Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Endocrinology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Larissa Haertle
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Haaf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jill Hamilton
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, School of Graduate Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Sardar R, Hami J, Soleimani M, Joghataei MT, Shirazi R, Golab F, Namjoo Z, Zandieh Z. Maternal diabetes-induced alterations in the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the developing rat hippocampus. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 114:101946. [PMID: 33745942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.101946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Maternal diabetes during pregnancy affects the development of hippocampus in the offspring. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has received increasing attention for its role in regulating the survival and differentiation of neuronal cells in developing and adult brain. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of maternal diabetes and insulin treatment on expression and distribution pattern of BDNF in the hippocampus of neonatal rats at the first two postnatal weeks. We found no differences in hippocampal expression of BDNF between diabetics with normal control or insulin treated neonatal rats at postnatal day (P0) (P > 0.05 each). Nevertheless, there was a marked BDNF downregulation in both sides' hippocampi of male/female diabetic group in two-week-old offspring (P ≤ 0.05 each). Furthermore, the numerical density of BDNF+ cells was significantly reduced in the right/left dentate gyrus (DG) of male and female newborns born to diabetic animals at all studied postnatal days (P ≤ 0.05 each). In addition, a lower number of reactive cells have shown in the all hippocampal subareas in the diabetic pups at P14 (P ≤ 0.05 each). Our results have demonstrated that the insulin-treatment improves some of the negative impacts of diabetes on the expression of hippocampal BDNF in the newborns. We conclude that diabetes in pregnancy bilaterally disrupts the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus of the both male and female newborns at early postnatal days. In addition, good glycemic control by insulin in the most cases is sufficient to prevent the alterations in expression of BDNF protein in developing hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Sardar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Hami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mansoureh Soleimani
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Taghi Joghataei
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Shirazi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fereshteh Golab
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Namjoo
- Department of Anatomical Science, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Zahra Zandieh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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29
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Canales CP, Estes ML, Cichewicz K, Angara K, Aboubechara JP, Cameron S, Prendergast K, Su-Feher L, Zdilar I, Kreun EJ, Connolly EC, Seo JM, Goon JB, Farrelly K, Stradleigh TW, van der List D, Haapanen L, Van de Water J, Vogt D, McAllister AK, Nord AS. Sequential perturbations to mouse corticogenesis following in utero maternal immune activation. eLife 2021; 10:e60100. [PMID: 33666173 PMCID: PMC7979158 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In utero exposure to maternal immune activation (MIA) is an environmental risk factor for neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Animal models provide an opportunity to identify mechanisms driving neuropathology associated with MIA. We performed time-course transcriptional profiling of mouse cortical development following induced MIA via poly(I:C) injection at E12.5. MIA-driven transcriptional changes were validated via protein analysis, and parallel perturbations to cortical neuroanatomy were identified via imaging. MIA-induced acute upregulation of genes associated with hypoxia, immune signaling, and angiogenesis, by 6 hr following exposure. This acute response was followed by changes in proliferation, neuronal and glial specification, and cortical lamination that emerged at E14.5 and peaked at E17.5. Decreased numbers of proliferative cells in germinal zones and alterations in neuronal and glial populations were identified in the MIA-exposed cortex. Overall, paired transcriptomic and neuroanatomical characterization revealed a sequence of perturbations to corticogenesis driven by mid-gestational MIA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myka L Estes
- Center for Neuroscience, UC DavisDavisUnited States
| | | | - Kartik Angara
- Department of Pediatrics & Human Development, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
| | | | | | | | | | - Iva Zdilar
- Center for Neuroscience, UC DavisDavisUnited States
| | | | | | | | - Jack B Goon
- Center for Neuroscience, UC DavisDavisUnited States
| | | | | | | | - Lori Haapanen
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, UC DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Judy Van de Water
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, UC DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Daniel Vogt
- Department of Pediatrics & Human Development, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
| | | | - Alex S Nord
- Center for Neuroscience, UC DavisDavisUnited States
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30
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Jash S, Sharma S. In utero immune programming of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Hum Immunol 2021; 82:379-384. [PMID: 33612392 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Maladaptation of immune tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface affects balanced maternal-fetal cross-talk and placental health and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The concept of in utero programming of childhood and adulthood diseases has revolutionized the research on the role of pregnancy in maternal, neonatal, and adult health. However, it is not yet well understood whether dysregulation of uterine immunity contributes to any health consequences during childhood or later in life. Recent observations in mice and humans have strongly supported the notion that uterine immunity during pregnancy determines the health trajectory of the offspring and significantly impacts cognitive function and mental health. Importantly, IL-17a producing Th17 T cells have been projected as the main contributors to heterogeneous pathological and behavioral phenotypes associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, since normal pregnancy is associated with little or no Th17 cells at the maternal-fetal interface, it is not clear how and when the Th17 T cells are generated and which interventions can ameliorate the ASD-like features in newborns. We propose that infection-associated uterine immune activation within a critical window of development may propel trans-differentiation of Th17 T cells that eventually affect fetal brain development and induce ASD-like behavioral phenotype in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanta Jash
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island-Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Surendra Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island-Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.
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31
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Interaction of maternal immune activation and genetic interneuronal inhibition. Brain Res 2021; 1759:147370. [PMID: 33600830 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Genes and environment interact during intrauterine life, and potentially alter the developmental trajectory of the brain. This can result in life-long consequences on brain function. We have previously developed two transgenic mouse lines that suppress Gad1 expression in parvalbumin (PVALB) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) expressing interneuron populations using a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-driven miRNA-based silencing technology. We were interested to assess if maternal immune activation (MIA), genetic interneuronal inhibition, and the combination of these two factors disrupt and result in long-term changes in neuroinflammatory gene expression, sterol biosynthesis, and acylcarnitine levels in the brain of maternally exposed offspring. Pregnant female WT mice were given a single intraperitoneal injection of saline or polyinosinic-polycytidilic acid [poly(I:C)] at E12.5. Brains of offspring were analyzed at postnatal day 90. We identified complex and persistent neuroinflammatory gene expression changes in the hippocampi of MIA-exposed offspring, as well in the hippocampi of Npy/Gad1 and Pvalb/Gad1 mice. In addition, both MIA and genetic inhibition altered the post-lanosterol sterol biosynthesis in the neocortex and disrupted the typical acylcarnitine profile. In conclusion, our findings suggest that both MIA and inhibition of interneuronal function have long-term consequences on critical homeostatic mechanisms of the brain, including immune function, sterol levels, and energy metabolism.
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Iwabuchi T, Takahashi N, Nishimura T, Rahman MS, Harada T, Okumura A, Kuwabara H, Takagai S, Nomura Y, Matsuzaki H, Ozaki N, Tsuchiya KJ. Associations Among Maternal Metabolic Conditions, Cord Serum Leptin Levels, and Autistic Symptoms in Children. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:816196. [PMID: 35185642 PMCID: PMC8851349 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.816196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accumulating evidence has shown that maternal metabolic conditions, such as pre-pregnancy overweight, diabetes mellitus, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are potential risk factors of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it remains unclear how these maternal conditions lead to neurodevelopmental outcomes in the offspring, including autistic symptoms. Leptin, an adipokine that has pro-inflammatory effects and affects fetal neurodevelopment, is a candidate mediator of the association between maternal metabolic factors and an increased risk of ASD. However, whether prenatal exposure to leptin mediates the association between maternal metabolic conditions and autistic symptoms in children has not been investigated yet. METHODS This study investigated the associations between mothers' metabolic conditions (pre-pregnancy overweight, diabetes mellitus during or before pregnancy, and HDP), leptin concentrations in umbilical cord serum, and autistic symptoms among 762 children from an ongoing cohort study, using generalized structural equation modeling. We used the Social Responsive Scale, Second Edition (SRS-2) at 8-9 years old to calculate total T-scores. Additionally, we used the T-scores for two subdomains: Social Communication and Interaction (SCI) and Restricted Interests and Repetitive Behavior (RRB). RESULTS Umbilical cord leptin levels were associated with pre-pregnancy overweight [coefficient = 1.297, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.081-1.556, p = 0.005] and diabetes mellitus (coefficient = 1.574, 95% CI 1.206-2.055, p = 0.001). Furthermore, leptin levels were significantly associated with SRS-2 total T-scores (coefficient = 1.002, 95% CI 1.000-1.004, p = 0.023), SCI scores (coefficient = 1.002, 95% CI 1.000-1.004, p = 0.020), and RRB scores (coefficient = 1.001, 95% CI 1.000-1.003, p = 0.044) in children. Associations between maternal metabolic factors and autistic symptoms were not significant. DISCUSSION The present study uncovered an association between cord leptin levels and autistic symptoms in children, while maternal metabolic conditions did not have an evident direct influence on the outcome. These results imply that prenatal pro-inflammatory environments affected by maternal metabolic conditions may contribute to the development of autistic symptoms in children. The findings warrant further investigation into the role of leptin in the development of autistic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Iwabuchi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Nagahide Takahashi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nishimura
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Md Shafiur Rahman
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Taeko Harada
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Akemi Okumura
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kuwabara
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shu Takagai
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yoko Nomura
- Queens College and Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Hideo Matsuzaki
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji J Tsuchiya
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Aviel-Shekler K, Hamshawi Y, Sirhan W, Getselter D, Srikanth KD, Malka A, Piran R, Elliott E. Gestational diabetes induces behavioral and brain gene transcription dysregulation in adult offspring. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:412. [PMID: 33239620 PMCID: PMC7688640 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) includes a strong genetic component and a complicated environmental component. Recent evidence indicates that maternal diabetes, including gestational diabetes, is associated with an increased prevalence of ASD. While previous studies have looked into possible roles for maternal diabetes in neurodevelopment, there are few studies into how gestational diabetes, with no previous diabetic or metabolic phenotype, may affect neurodevelopment. In this study, we have specifically induced gestational diabetes in mice, followed by behavioral and molecular phenotyping of the mice offspring. Pregnant mice were injected with STZ a day after initiation of pregnancy. Glucose levels increased to diabetic levels between E7 and E14 in pregnancy in a subset of the pregnant animals. Male offspring of Gestational Diabetic mothers displayed increased repetitive behaviors with no dysregulation in the three-chambered social interaction test. RNA-seq analysis revealed a dysregulation in genes related to forebrain development in the frontal cortex and a dysregulation of a network of neurodevelopment and immune related genes in the striatum. Together, these results give evidence that gestational diabetes can induce changes in adulthood behavior and gene transcription in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Aviel-Shekler
- grid.22098.310000 0004 1937 0503Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Yara Hamshawi
- grid.22098.310000 0004 1937 0503Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Worood Sirhan
- grid.22098.310000 0004 1937 0503Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Dmitriy Getselter
- grid.22098.310000 0004 1937 0503Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Kolluru D. Srikanth
- grid.22098.310000 0004 1937 0503Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Assaf Malka
- grid.22098.310000 0004 1937 0503Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Ron Piran
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
| | - Evan Elliott
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
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Fitzgerald E, Hor K, Drake AJ. Maternal influences on fetal brain development: The role of nutrition, infection and stress, and the potential for intergenerational consequences. Early Hum Dev 2020; 150:105190. [PMID: 32948364 PMCID: PMC7481314 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
An optimal early life environment is crucial for ensuring ideal neurodevelopmental outcomes. Brain development consists of a finely tuned series of spatially and temporally constrained events, which may be affected by exposure to a sub-optimal intra-uterine environment. Evidence suggests brain development may be particularly vulnerable to factors such as maternal nutrition, infection and stress during pregnancy. In this review, we discuss how maternal factors such as these can affect brain development and outcome in offspring, and we also identify evidence which suggests that the outcome can, in many cases, be stratified by socio-economic status (SES), with individuals in lower brackets typically having a worse outcome. We consider the relevant epidemiological evidence and draw parallels to mechanisms suggested by preclinical work where appropriate. We also discuss possible transgenerational effects of these maternal factors and the potential mechanisms involved. We conclude that modifiable factors such as maternal nutrition, infection and stress are important contributors to atypical brain development and that SES also likely has a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamon Fitzgerald
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Kahyee Hor
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Amanda J Drake
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
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Wang H, He H, Yu Y, Su X, Li F, Li J. Maternal diabetes and the risk of feeding and eating disorders in offspring: a national population-based cohort study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001738. [PMID: 33077476 PMCID: PMC7574887 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have suggested that maternal diabetes may have programming effect on fetal brain development. However, little is known about the association between maternal diabetes and neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring that mainly manifest in infancy or early childhood. We aimed to examine the association between maternal diabetes before or during pregnancy and feeding and eating disorders (FED) in offspring. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This population-based cohort study included 1 193 891 singletons born in Denmark during 1996-2015. These children were followed from birth until the onset of FED, the sixth birthday, death, emigration, or 31 December 2016, whichever came first. Relative risk of FED was estimated by HRs using Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS A total of 40 867 (3.4%) children were born to mothers with diabetes (20 887 with pregestational diabetes and 19 980 with gestational diabetes). The incidence rates of FED were 6.8, 4.6 and 2.9 per 10 000 person-years among children of mothers with pregestational diabetes, gestational diabetes and no diabetes, respectively. Offspring of mothers with diabetes had a 64% increased risk of FED (HR 1.64; 95% CI 1.36 to 1.99; p<0.001). The HR for maternal pregestational diabetes and gestational diabetes was 2.01 (95% CI 1.59 to 2.56; p<0.001) and 1.28 (95% CI 0.95 to 1.72; p=0.097), respectively. The increased risk was more pronounced among offspring of mothers with diabetic complications (HR 2.97; 95% CI 1.54 to 5.72; p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Maternal diabetes was associated with an increased risk of FED in offspring in infancy and early childhood. Our findings can inform clinical decisions for better management of maternal diabetes, in particular before pregnancy, which can reduce early neurodevelopmental problems in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua He
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Developmental and Behavioural Pediatric Department & Child Primary Care Department, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongfu Yu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Xiujuan Su
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Li
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Developmental and Behavioural Pediatric Department & Child Primary Care Department, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiong Li
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Disease Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Pinney SE, Joshi A, Yin V, Min SW, Rashid C, Condon DE, Wang PZ. Exposure to Gestational Diabetes Enriches Immune-Related Pathways in the Transcriptome and Methylome of Human Amniocytes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5873862. [PMID: 32687192 PMCID: PMC7451504 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Gestational diabetes (GDM) has profound effects on the intrauterine metabolic milieu and is linked to obesity and diabetes in offspring, but the mechanisms driving these effects remain largely unknown. Alterations in DNA methylation and gene expression in amniocytes exposed to GDM in utero represent a potential mechanism leading to metabolic dysfunction later in life. OBJECTIVE To profile changes in genome-wide DNA methylation and expression in human amniocytes exposed to GDM. DESIGN A nested case-control study (n = 14 pairs) was performed in amniocytes matched for offspring sex, maternal race/ethnicity, maternal age, gestational age at amniocentesis, and gestational age at birth. Sex-specific genome-wide DNA methylation analysis and RNA-sequencing were completed and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and gene expression changes were identified. Ingenuity pathway analysis identified biologically relevant pathways enriched after GDM exposure. In silico high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) analysis identified potential chromatin interactions with DMRs. RESULTS Expression of interferon-stimulated genes was increased in GDM amniocytes, accounting for 6 of the top 10 altered genes (q < 0.05). Enriched biological pathways in GDM amniocytes included pathways involving inflammation, the interferon response, fatty liver disease, monogenic diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Forty-two DMRs were identified in male GDM-exposed amniocytes and 20 in female amniocyte analysis (q < 0.05). Hi-C analysis identified interactions between DMRs and 11 genes with significant expression changes in male amniocytes and 9 in female amniocytes (P < .05). CONCLUSION In a unique repository of human amniocytes exposed to GDM in utero, transcriptome analysis identified enrichment of inflammation and interferon-related pathways and novel DMRs with potential distal regulatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Pinney
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women’s Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Sara E. Pinney, MD, MS, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. E-mail:
| | - Apoorva Joshi
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Victoria Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - So Won Min
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Cetewayo Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | | | - Paul Zhipang Wang
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Penn Bioinformatics Core, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Expression of Stress-Mediating Genes is Increased in Term Placentas of Women with Chronic Self-Perceived Anxiety and Depression. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11080869. [PMID: 32752005 PMCID: PMC7463995 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety, chronical stress, and depression during pregnancy are considered to affect the offspring, presumably through placental dysregulation. We have studied the term placentae of pregnancies clinically monitored with the Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). A cutoff threshold for BAI/EPDS of 10 classed patients into an Index group (>10, n = 23) and a Control group (<10, n = 23). Cortisol concentrations in hair (HCC) were periodically monitored throughout pregnancy and delivery. Expression differences of main glucocorticoid pathway genes, i.e., corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD11B2), glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1), as well as other key stress biomarkers (Arginine Vasopressin, AVP and O-GlcNAc transferase, OGT) were explored in medial placentae using real-time qPCR and Western blotting. Moreover, gene expression changes were considered for their association with HCC, offspring, gender, and birthweight. A significant dysregulation of gene expression for CRH, AVP, and HSD11B2 genes was seen in the Index group, compared to controls, while OGT and NR3C1 expression remained similar between groups. Placental gene expression of the stress-modulating enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD11B2) was related to both hair cortisol levels (Rho = 0.54; p < 0.01) and the sex of the newborn in pregnancies perceived as stressful (Index, p < 0.05). Gene expression of CRH correlated with both AVP (Rho = 0.79; p < 0.001) and HSD11B2 (Rho = 0.45; p < 0.03), and also between AVP with both HSD11B2 (Rho = 0.6; p < 0.005) and NR3C1 (Rho = 0.56; p < 0.03) in the Control group but not in the Index group; suggesting a possible loss of interaction in the mechanisms of action of these genes under stress circumstances during pregnancy.
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Raoultella Bacteremia Presenting as an Acute Self-Limited Illness in an Obstetric Patient. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol 2020; 2020:5281792. [PMID: 32089917 PMCID: PMC7025035 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5281792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A 20 year-old female at 27-week gestation was admitted for threatened preterm delivery. Following an initially unremarkable hospital course for 12 days, the patient developed fever, chills, generalized malaise, abdominal pain, and diffuse myalgias on day 13 of hospitalization. Raoultella species was isolated from blood cultures on day 16 of hospitalization. The patient's condition improved within 24 hours of symptom onset, prior to antibiotic initiation, and a premature, viable male infant at 29 weeks and 6 days of gestation was delivered via caesarean section four days later due to breech presentation in the setting of preterm labor. Here, we present the first case of a Raoultella species infection in a gravid female reported in the literature.
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Molecular Modelling of Islet β-Cell Adaptation to Inflammation in Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246171. [PMID: 31817798 PMCID: PMC6941051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a metabolic disease that develops with the increase in insulin resistance during late pregnancy, is currently one of the most common complications affecting pregnancy. The polygenic nature of GDM, together with the interplay between different genetic variants with nutritional and environmental factors has hindered the full understanding of the etiology of this disease. However, an important genetic overlap has been found with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and, as in the case of T2DM, most of the identified loci are associated with β-cell function. Early detection of GDM and adequate interventions to control the maternal glycemia are necessary to avoid the adverse outcomes for both the mother and the offspring. The in utero exposure to the diabetic milieu predispose these children for future diseases, among them T2DM, originating a vicious circle implicated in the increased prevalence of both GDM and T2DM. The involvement of inflammatory processes in the development of GDM highlights the importance of pancreatic β-cell factors able to favor the adaptation processes required during gestation, concomitantly with the protection of the islets from an inflammatory milieu. In this regard, two members of the Pax family of transcription factors, PAX4 and PAX8, together with the chromatin remodeler factor HMG20A, have gained great relevance due to their involvement in β-cell mass adaptation together with their anti-inflammatory properties. Mutations in these factors have been associated with GDM, highlighting these as novel candidates for genetic screening analysis in the identification of women at risk of developing GDM.
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Meyer U. Neurodevelopmental Resilience and Susceptibility to Maternal Immune Activation. Trends Neurosci 2019; 42:793-806. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Barke TL, Money KM, Du L, Serezani A, Gannon M, Mirnics K, Aronoff DM. Sex modifies placental gene expression in response to metabolic and inflammatory stress. Placenta 2019; 78:1-9. [PMID: 30955704 PMCID: PMC6461364 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic stress (e.g., gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and obesity) and infections are common during pregnancy, impacting fetal development and the health of offspring. Such antenatal stresses can differentially impact male and female offspring. We sought to determine how metabolic stress and maternal immune activation (MIA), either alone or in combination, alters inflammatory gene expression within the placenta and whether the effects exhibited sexual dimorphism. METHODS Female C57BL/6 J mice were fed a normal diet or a high fat diet for 6 weeks prior to mating, with the latter diet inducing a GDM phenotype during pregnancy. Dams within each diet group at gestational day (GD) 12.5 received either an intraperitoneal injection of the viral mimic, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) or saline. Three hours post injection; placentae were collected and analyzed for changes in the expression of 248 unique immune genes. RESULTS Placental immune gene expression was significantly altered by GDM, MIA and the combination of the two (GDM+MIA). mRNA expression was generally lower in placentae of mice exposed to GDM alone compared with the other experimental groups, while mice exposed to MIA exhibited the highest transcript levels. Notably, fetal/placental sex influenced the responses of many immune genes to both metabolic and inflammatory stress. DISCUSSION GDM and MIA provoke inflammatory responses within the placenta and such effects exhibit sexual dimorphism. The combination of these stressors impacts the placenta differently than either condition alone. These findings may help explain sexual dimorphism observed in adverse pregnancy outcomes in human offspring exposed to similar stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa L Barke
- Graduate Program in Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kelli M Money
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Liping Du
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ana Serezani
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Karoly Mirnics
- Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - David M Aronoff
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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Zhao L, Li X, Liu G, Han B, Wang J, Jiang X. The association of maternal diabetes with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in offspring: a meta-analysis. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:675-684. [PMID: 30880994 PMCID: PMC6419587 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s189200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent controversial evidence suggests that maternal diabetes may increase the risk of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. To examine this potential association, a systematic literature search and meta-analysis was performed. METHODS OR or risk ratio (RR) from each study was obtained and combined for evaluating the risk. Six cohort studies and three case-control studies were included in the present study. RESULTS The meta-analysis of the highly heterogeneous case-control studies did not find significant association between maternal diabetes and ADHD risk (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 0.96-1.49). The combining of the cohort studies demonstrated that offspring of diabetic mothers were at higher risk of ADHD (RR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.27-1.54); however, publication bias was identified. When exposure was specified as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), GDM exposure increased the risk of ADHD for children by 164% (95% CI: 1.25-5.56) in a Caucasian population. Neither heterogeneity nor publication bias was detected. CONCLUSION Maternal diabetes, especially GDM, is probably a risk factor for ADHD in the Caucasian population. More studies based on large sample size and different ethnicities are needed to confirm this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China,
| | - Xuesong Li
- First Center Clinical Medical Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China,
| | - Baoling Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China,
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China,
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China,
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Bergdolt L, Dunaevsky A. Brain changes in a maternal immune activation model of neurodevelopmental brain disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 175:1-19. [PMID: 30590095 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The developing brain is sensitive to a variety of insults. Epidemiological studies have identified prenatal exposure to infection as a risk factor for a range of neurological disorders, including autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. Animal models corroborate this association and have been used to probe the contribution of gene-environment interactions to the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. Here we review the behavior and brain phenotypes that have been characterized in MIA offspring, including the studies that have looked at the interaction between maternal immune activation and genetic risk factors for autism spectrum disorder or schizophrenia. These phenotypes include behaviors relevant to autism, schizophrenia, and other neurological disorders, alterations in brain anatomy, and structural and functional neuronal impairments. The link between maternal infection and these phenotypic changes is not fully understood, but there is increasing evidence that maternal immune activation induces prolonged immune alterations in the offspring's brain which could underlie epigenetic alterations which in turn may mediate the behavior and brain changes. These concepts will be discussed followed by a summary of the pharmacological interventions that have been tested in the maternal immune activation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Bergdolt
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Neurological Sciences, 985960 Nebraska Medical Center, 68105, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Anna Dunaevsky
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Neurological Sciences, 985960 Nebraska Medical Center, 68105, Omaha, NE, United States.
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Gene Expression Profiling of Placenta from Normal to Pathological Pregnancies. Placenta 2018. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.80551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Oxidative Stress, Maternal Diabetes, and Autism Spectrum Disorders. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3717215. [PMID: 30524654 PMCID: PMC6247386 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3717215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of early-onset neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by alterations in brain connectivity with cascading effects on neuropsychological functions. To date, in the framework of an increasing interest about environmental conditions which could interact with genetic factors in ASD pathogenesis, many authors have stressed that changes in the intrauterine environment at different stages of pregnancy, such as those linked to maternal metabolic pathologies, may lead to long-term conditions in the newborn. In particular, a growing number of epidemiological studies have highlighted the role of obesity and maternal diabetes as a risk factor for developing both somatic and psychiatric disorders in humans, including ASD. While literature still fails in identifying specific etiopathological mechanisms, a growing body of evidence is available about the presence of a relationship between maternal immune dysregulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and the development of ASD in the offspring. In this framework, results from high-fat diet animal models about the role played by oxidative stress in shaping offspring neurodevelopment may help in clarifying the pathways through which maternal metabolic conditions are linked with ASD. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of literature about the effects of early life insults linked to oxidative stress which may be involved in ASD etiopathogenesis and how this relationship can be explained in biological terms.
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Szylberg Ł, Bodnar M, Lebioda A, Krepska P, Kowalewski A, Bręborowicz G, Marszałek A. Differences in the Expression of TLR-2, NOD2, and NF-κB in Placenta Between Twins. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2018; 66:463-470. [PMID: 29796818 PMCID: PMC6245244 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-018-0514-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dizygotic twins share the same type of genetic relationship as non-twin siblings. Whereas monozygotic (MZ) twins are considered to have identical genetic material, they still differ. There is a number of reasons for early MZ twin discordance, including differences in the in utero environment, stochasticity, genetic mosaicism, and epigenetic factors. During gestation, the efficient innate immune system is of utmost importance. Our study was based on immunohistochemical evaluation of the differences in innate immune protein expression (TLR-2, NOD2, and NF-κB) in the 95 placentas between twins. Our study revealed statistical significant differences between diamniotic–dichorionic and monoamniotic–dichorionic twins. Monoamniotic–monochorionic twins exhibited no significant differences in protein expressions. To identify epigenetic factors causing the differences between twins, we made a series of comparisons with clinical data. The study revealed more cases with infections, miscarriages, in vitro fertilization, and premature rupture of membranes within the group with higher differences level of NF-κB, NOD2 and TLR-2 between twins. In case of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, there were no significant differences in innate immune protein expressions between twins. These results show that dissimilar genetic material and separate in utero environment promote discordance in innate immune protein expressions between twins. Moreover, additional blood flow between twins may be favorable in life-threatening conditions ensuring similar microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Szylberg
- Chair and Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland. .,Chair and Department of Oncologic Pathology and Prophylactics, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznań University of Medical Sciences and Department of Oncologic Pathology, Poznan, Poland. .,Department of Pathomorphology, Military Clinical Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Bodnar
- Chair and Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Lebioda
- Department and Clinic of Perinatology and Gynecology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Patrycja Krepska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Adam Kowalewski
- Chair and Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Bręborowicz
- Department and Clinic of Perinatology and Gynecology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marszałek
- Chair and Department of Oncologic Pathology and Prophylactics, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznań University of Medical Sciences and Department of Oncologic Pathology, Poznan, Poland
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Matsuura A, Ishima T, Fujita Y, Iwayama Y, Hasegawa S, Kawahara-Miki R, Maekawa M, Toyoshima M, Ushida Y, Suganuma H, Kida S, Yoshikawa T, Iyo M, Hashimoto K. Dietary glucoraphanin prevents the onset of psychosis in the adult offspring after maternal immune activation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2158. [PMID: 29391571 PMCID: PMC5794794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20538-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (MIA) contributes to behavioral abnormalities relevant to schizophrenia in adult offspring, although the molecular mechanisms underlying MIA-induced behavioral changes remain unclear. Here we demonstrated that dietary intake of glucoraphanin (GF), the precursor of a natural antioxidant sulforaphane, during juvenile and adolescent stages prevented cognitive deficits and loss of parvalbumin (PV) immunoreactivity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of adult offspring after MIA. Gene set enrichment analysis by RNA sequencing showed that MIA caused abnormal expression of centrosome-related genes in the PFC and hippocampus of adult offspring, and that dietary intake of GF improved these abnormal gene expressions. Particularly, MIA increased the expression of suppressor of fermentation-induced loss of stress resistance protein 1 (Sfi1) mRNA in the PFC and hippocampus of adult offspring, and dietary intake of GF prevented the expression of Sfi1 mRNA in these regions. Interestingly, we found altered expression of SFI1 in the postmortem brains and SFI1 mRNA in hair follicle cells from patients with schizophrenia compared with controls. Overall, these data suggest that centrosome-related genes may play a role in the onset of psychosis in offspring after MIA. Therefore, dietary intake of GF-rich vegetables in high-risk psychosis subjects may prevent the transition to psychosis in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Matsuura
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tamaki Ishima
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yuko Fujita
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Iwayama
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Hasegawa
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Ryouka Kawahara-Miki
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Motoko Maekawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Manabu Toyoshima
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ushida
- Innovation Division, Kagome Co., Ltd., Tochigi, 329-2762, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Kida
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masaomi Iyo
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
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