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Vázquez-Lizarraga R, Mendoza-Viveros L, Cid-Castro C, Ruiz-Montoya S, Carreño-Vázquez E, Orozco-Solis R. Hypothalamic circuits and aging: keeping the circadian clock updated. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1919-1928. [PMID: 38227516 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.389624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past century, age-related diseases, such as cancer, type-2 diabetes, obesity, and mental illness, have shown a significant increase, negatively impacting overall quality of life. Studies on aged animal models have unveiled a progressive discoordination at multiple regulatory levels, including transcriptional, translational, and post-translational processes, resulting from cellular stress and circadian derangements. The circadian clock emerges as a key regulator, sustaining physiological homeostasis and promoting healthy aging through timely molecular coordination of pivotal cellular processes, such as stem-cell function, cellular stress responses, and inter-tissue communication, which become disrupted during aging. Given the crucial role of hypothalamic circuits in regulating organismal physiology, metabolic control, sleep homeostasis, and circadian rhythms, and their dependence on these processes, strategies aimed at enhancing hypothalamic and circadian function, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, offer systemic benefits for healthy aging. Intranasal brain-directed drug administration represents a promising avenue for effectively targeting specific brain regions, like the hypothalamus, while reducing side effects associated with systemic drug delivery, thereby presenting new therapeutic possibilities for diverse age-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia Mendoza-Viveros
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), México City, México
- Centro de Investigacíon sobre el Envejecimiento, Centro de Investigacíon y de Estudios Avanzados (CIE-CINVESTAV), México City, México
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM, México City, México
| | - Carolina Cid-Castro
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), México City, México
- Centro de Investigacíon sobre el Envejecimiento, Centro de Investigacíon y de Estudios Avanzados (CIE-CINVESTAV), México City, México
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM, México City, México
| | | | | | - Ricardo Orozco-Solis
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), México City, México
- Centro de Investigacíon sobre el Envejecimiento, Centro de Investigacíon y de Estudios Avanzados (CIE-CINVESTAV), México City, México
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2
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Taheri R, Mokhtari Y, Yousefi AM, Bashash D. The PI3K/Akt signaling axis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): From mechanistic insights into possible therapeutic targets. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:1049-1068. [PMID: 38812089 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an immensely debilitating chronic disease that progressively undermines the well-being of various bodily organs and, indeed, most patients succumb to the disease due to post-T2DM complications. Although there is evidence supporting the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway by insulin, which is essential in regulating glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, the significance of this pathway in T2DM has only been explored in a few studies. The current review aims to unravel the mechanisms by which different classes of PI3Ks control the metabolism of glucose; and also to discuss the original data obtained from international research laboratories on this topic. We also summarized the role of the PI3K/Akt signaling axis in target tissues spanning from the skeletal muscle to the adipose tissue and liver. Furthermore, inquiries regarding the impact of disrupting this axis on insulin function and the development of insulin resistance have been addressed. We also provide a general overview of the association of impaired PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of the most prevalent diabetes-related complications. The last section provides a special focus on the therapeutic potential of this axis by outlining the latest advances in active compounds that alleviate diabetes via modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Finally, we comment on the future research aspects in which the field of T2DM therapies using PI3K modulators might be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Taheri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yazdan Mokhtari
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Mohammad Yousefi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Li J, Hu X, Xie Z, Li J, Huang C, Huang Y. Overview of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in metabolic diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116809. [PMID: 38810400 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
GDF15 is a stress response cytokine and a distant member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily, its levels increase in response to cell stress and certain diseases in the serum. To exert its effects, GDF15 binds to glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) receptor alpha-like (GFRAL), which was firstly identified in 2017 and highly expressed in the brain stem. Many studies have demonstrated that elevated serum GDF15 is associated with anorexia and weight loss. Herein, we focus on the biology of GDF15, specifically how this circulating protein regulates appetite and metabolism in influencing energy homeostasis through its actions on hindbrain neurons to shed light on its impact on diseases such as obesity and anorexia/cachexia syndromes. It works as an endocrine factor and transmits metabolic signals leading to weight reduction effects by directly reducing appetite and indirectly affecting food intake through complex mechanisms, which could be a promising target for the treatment of energy-intake disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Kidney Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China
| | - Xiangjun Hu
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zichuan Xie
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajin Li
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Health Management Center, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Health Management Center, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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4
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Huang L, Sun Y, Luo C, Wang W, Shi S, Sun G, Ju P, Chen J. Characterizing defective lipid metabolism in the lateral septum of mice treated with olanzapine: implications for its side effects. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1419098. [PMID: 38948475 PMCID: PMC11211371 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1419098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia significantly impacts cognitive and behavioral functions and is primarily treated with second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) such as olanzapine. Despite their efficacy, these drugs are linked to serious metabolic side effects which can diminish patient compliance, worsen psychiatric symptoms and increase cardiovascular disease risk. This study explores the hypothesis that SGAs affect the molecular determinants of synaptic plasticity and brain activity, particularly focusing on the lateral septum (LS) and its interactions within hypothalamic circuits that regulate feeding and energy expenditure. Utilizing functional ultrasound imaging, RNA sequencing, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we identified significant alterations in the functional connection between the hypothalamus and LS, along with changes in gene expression in the LS of mice following prolonged olanzapine exposure. Our analysis revealed a module closely linked to increases in body weight and adiposity, featuring genes primarily involved in lipid metabolism pathways, notably Apoa1, Apoc3, and Apoh. These findings suggest that olanzapine may influence body weight and adiposity through its impact on lipid metabolism-related genes in the LS. Therefore, the neural circuits connecting the LS and LH, along with the accompanying alterations in lipid metabolism, are likely crucial factors contributing to the weight gain and metabolic side effects associated with olanzapine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixuan Huang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Luo
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Shi
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Genmin Sun
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijun Ju
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mental Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mental Health, Shanghai, China
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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5
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Mazuecos L, Artigas-Jerónimo S, Pintado C, Gómez O, Rubio B, Arribas C, Andrés A, Villar M, Gallardo N. Central leptin signaling deficiency induced by leptin receptor antagonist leads to hypothalamic proteomic remodeling. Life Sci 2024; 346:122649. [PMID: 38626868 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Leptin irresponsiveness, which is often associated with obesity, can have significant impacts on the hypothalamic proteome of individuals, including those who are lean. While mounting evidence on leptin irresponsiveness has focused on obese individuals, understanding the early molecular and proteomic changes associated with deficient hypothalamic leptin signaling in lean individuals is essential for early intervention and prevention of metabolic disorders. Leptin receptor antagonists block the binding of leptin to its receptors, potentially reducing its effects and used in cases where excessive leptin activity might be harmful. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this work, we blocked the central actions of leptin in lean male adult Wistar rat by chronically administering intracerebroventricularly the superactive leptin receptor antagonist (SLA) (D23L/L39A/D40A/F41A) and investigated its impact on the hypothalamic proteome using label-free sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS) for quantitative proteomics. KEY FINDINGS Our results show an accumulation of proteins involved in mRNA processing, mRNA stability, and translation in the hypothalamus of SLA-treated rats. Conversely, hypothalamic leptin signaling deficiency reduces the representation of proteins implicated in energy metabolism, neural circuitry, and neurotransmitter release. SIGNIFICANCE The alterations in the adult rat hypothalamic proteome contribute to dysregulate appetite, metabolism, and energy balance, which are key factors in the development and progression of obesity and related metabolic disorders. Additionally, using bioinformatic analysis, we identified a series of transcription factors that are potentially involved in the upstream regulatory mechanisms responsible for the observed signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Mazuecos
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Sciences and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo Jose Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; DOE, Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | - Sara Artigas-Jerónimo
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Sciences and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo Jose Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; DOE, Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | - Cristina Pintado
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain; DOE, Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | - Oscar Gómez
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain; DOE, Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | - Blanca Rubio
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Sciences and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo Jose Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; DOE, Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | - Carmen Arribas
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain; DOE, Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | - Antonio Andrés
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Sciences and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo Jose Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; DOE, Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | - Margarita Villar
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Sciences and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo Jose Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Nilda Gallardo
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Sciences and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo Jose Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; DOE, Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.
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6
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Jin H, Li M, Jeong E, Castro-Martinez F, Zuker CS. A body-brain circuit that regulates body inflammatory responses. Nature 2024; 630:695-703. [PMID: 38692285 PMCID: PMC11186780 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07469-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The body-brain axis is emerging as a principal conductor of organismal physiology. It senses and controls organ function1,2, metabolism3 and nutritional state4-6. Here we show that a peripheral immune insult strongly activates the body-brain axis to regulate immune responses. We demonstrate that pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines communicate with distinct populations of vagal neurons to inform the brain of an emerging inflammatory response. In turn, the brain tightly modulates the course of the peripheral immune response. Genetic silencing of this body-brain circuit produced unregulated and out-of-control inflammatory responses. By contrast, activating, rather than silencing, this circuit affords neural control of immune responses. We used single-cell RNA sequencing, combined with functional imaging, to identify the circuit components of this neuroimmune axis, and showed that its selective manipulation can effectively suppress the pro-inflammatory response while enhancing an anti-inflammatory state. The brain-evoked transformation of the course of an immune response offers new possibilities in the modulation of a wide range of immune disorders, from autoimmune diseases to cytokine storm and shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jin
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Mengtong Li
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Jeong
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Charles S Zuker
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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7
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Sliwowska JH, Woods NE, Alzahrani AR, Paspali E, Tate RJ, Ferro VA. Kisspeptin a potential therapeutic target in treatment of both metabolic and reproductive dysfunction. J Diabetes 2024; 16:e13541. [PMID: 38599822 PMCID: PMC11006622 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptins (KPs) are proteins that were first recognized to have antimetastatic action. Later, the critical role of this peptide in the regulation of reproduction was proved. In recent years, evidence has been accumulated supporting a role for KPs in regulating metabolic processes in a sexual dimorphic manner. It has been proposed that KPs regulate metabolism both indirectly via gonadal hormones and/or directly via the kisspeptin receptor in the brain, brown adipose tissue, and pancreas. The aim of the review is to provide both experimental and clinical evidence indicating that KPs are peptides linking metabolism and reproduction. We propose that KPs could be used as a potential target to treat both metabolic and reproductive abnormalities. Thus, we focus on the consequences of disruptions in KPs and their receptors in metabolic conditions such as diabetes, undernutrition, obesity, and reproductive disorders (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and polycystic ovary syndrome). Data from both animal models and human subjects indicate that alterations in KPs in the case of metabolic imbalance lead also to disruptions in reproductive functions. Changes both in the hypothalamic and peripheral KP systems in animal models of the aforementioned disorders are discussed. Finally, an overview of current clinical studies involving KP in fertility and metabolism show fewer studies on metabolism (15%) and only one to date on both. Presented data indicate a dynamic and emerging field of KP studies as possible therapeutic targets in treatments of both reproductive and metabolic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Helena Sliwowska
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Nicola Elizabeth Woods
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Abdullah Rzgallah Alzahrani
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elpiniki Paspali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rothwelle Joseph Tate
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Valerie Anne Ferro
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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8
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Huang Y, Wang A, Zhou W, Li B, Zhang L, Rudolf AM, Jin Z, Hambly C, Wang G, Speakman JR. Maternal dietary fat during lactation shapes single nucleus transcriptomic profile of postnatal offspring hypothalamus in a sexually dimorphic manner in mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2382. [PMID: 38493217 PMCID: PMC10944494 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46589-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal overnutrition during lactation predisposes offspring to develop metabolic diseases and exacerbates the relevant syndromes in males more than females in later life. The hypothalamus is a heterogenous brain region that regulates energy balance. Here we combined metabolic trait quantification of mother and offspring mice under low and high fat diet (HFD) feeding during lactation, with single nucleus transcriptomic profiling of their offspring hypothalamus at peak lacation to understand the cellular and molecular alterations in response to maternal dietary pertubation. We found significant expansion in neuronal subpopulations including histaminergic (Hdc), arginine vasopressin/retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor β (Avp/Rorb) and agouti-related peptide/neuropeptide Y (AgRP/Npy) in male offspring when their mothers were fed HFD, and increased Npy-astrocyte interactions in offspring responding to maternal overnutrition. Our study provides a comprehensive offspring hypothalamus map at the peak lactation and reveals how the cellular subpopulations respond to maternal dietary fat in a sex-specific manner during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Metabolism Program, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Anyongqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Wenjiang Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Centre for Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Baoguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Linshan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Centre for Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Agata M Rudolf
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zengguang Jin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Catherine Hambly
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, UK
| | - Guanlin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Centre for Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - John R Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, UK.
- China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China.
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9
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Riera CE. Wiring the Brain for Wellness: Sensory Integration in Feeding and Thermogenesis: A Report on Research Supported by Pathway to Stop Diabetes. Diabetes 2024; 73:338-347. [PMID: 38377445 PMCID: PMC10882152 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The recognition of sensory signals from within the body (interoceptive) and from the external environment (exteroceptive), along with the integration of these cues by the central nervous system, plays a crucial role in maintaining metabolic balance. This orchestration is vital for regulating processes related to both food intake and energy expenditure. Animal model studies indicate that manipulating specific populations of neurons in the central nervous system which influence these processes can effectively modify energy balance. This body of work presents an opportunity for the development of innovative weight loss therapies for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this overview, we delve into the sensory cues and the neuronal populations responsible for their integration, exploring their potential in the development of weight loss treatments for obesity and type 2 diabetes. This article is the first in a series of Perspectives that report on research funded by the American Diabetes Association Pathway to Stop Diabetes program. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline E. Riera
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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10
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De Solis AJ, Del Río-Martín A, Radermacher J, Chen W, Steuernagel L, Bauder CA, Eggersmann FR, Morgan DA, Cremer AL, Sué M, Germer M, Kukat C, Vollmar S, Backes H, Rahmouni K, Kloppenburg P, Brüning JC. Reciprocal activity of AgRP and POMC neurons governs coordinated control of feeding and metabolism. Nat Metab 2024; 6:473-493. [PMID: 38378998 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-00987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Agouti-related peptide (AgRP)-expressing and proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-expressing neurons reciprocally regulate food intake. Here, we combine non-interacting recombinases to simultaneously express functionally opposing chemogenetic receptors in AgRP and POMC neurons for comparing metabolic responses in male and female mice with simultaneous activation of AgRP and inhibition of POMC neurons with isolated activation of AgRP neurons or isolated inhibition of POMC neurons. We show that food intake is regulated by the additive effect of AgRP neuron activation and POMC neuron inhibition, while systemic insulin sensitivity and gluconeogenesis are differentially modulated by isolated-versus-simultaneous regulation of AgRP and POMC neurons. We identify a neurocircuit engaging Npy1R-expressing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, where activated AgRP neurons and inhibited POMC neurons cooperate to promote food consumption and activate Th+ neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii. Collectively, these results unveil how food intake is precisely regulated by the simultaneous bidirectional interplay between AgRP and POMC neurocircuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain J De Solis
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Almudena Del Río-Martín
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Radermacher
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Zoology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Weiyi Chen
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lukas Steuernagel
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Corinna A Bauder
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fynn R Eggersmann
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Zoology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Donald A Morgan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Anna-Lena Cremer
- Multimodal Imaging of Brain Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Sué
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maximilian Germer
- FACS & Imaging Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Kukat
- FACS & Imaging Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Vollmar
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heiko Backes
- Multimodal Imaging of Brain Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Peter Kloppenburg
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Zoology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
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11
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Xue J, Brawner AT, Thompson JR, Yelhekar TD, Newmaster KT, Qiu Q, Cooper YA, Yu CR, Ahmed-Braima YH, Kim Y, Lin Y. Spatiotemporal Mapping and Molecular Basis of Whole-brain Circuit Maturation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.03.572456. [PMID: 38260331 PMCID: PMC10802351 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.03.572456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Brain development is highly dynamic and asynchronous, marked by the sequential maturation of functional circuits across the brain. The timing and mechanisms driving circuit maturation remain elusive due to an inability to identify and map maturing neuronal populations. Here we create DevATLAS (Developmental Activation Timing-based Longitudinal Acquisition System) to overcome this obstacle. We develop whole-brain mapping methods to construct the first longitudinal, spatiotemporal map of circuit maturation in early postnatal mouse brains. Moreover, we uncover dramatic impairments within the deep cortical layers in a neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) model, demonstrating the utility of this resource to pinpoint when and where circuit maturation is disrupted. Using DevATLAS, we reveal that early experiences accelerate the development of hippocampus-dependent learning by increasing the synaptically mature granule cell population in the dentate gyrus. Finally, DevATLAS enables the discovery of molecular mechanisms driving activity-dependent circuit maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xue
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Andrew T Brawner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Jacqueline R Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Tushar D Yelhekar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Kyra T Newmaster
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Qiang Qiu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 66160, USA
| | - Yonatan A Cooper
- Current address: Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - C Ron Yu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 66160, USA
| | | | - Yongsoo Kim
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Yingxi Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Lead contact
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12
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He L, Li H, Zhang L, Zhang J, Zhang G, Tong X, Zhang T, Wu Y, Li M, Jin L. Transcriptome analysis of norepinephrine-induced lipolysis in differentiated adipocytes of Bama pig. Gene 2023; 888:147753. [PMID: 37659599 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Sympathetic innervation of white adipose tissue (WAT) plays a key role in the regulation of lipid metabolism. Sympathetic activation promotes release of norepinephrine (NE), which binds to adrenergic receptors on adipocytes, promoting adipocyte lipolysis and enhanced oxidative metabolism. However, the mechanism by which sympathetic nerves regulate lipid metabolism in pig adipose tissue remains unclear. We used NE to simulate the process of sympathetic driving in pig adipocytes. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to determine the gene expression profile of pig adipocytes responding to NE stimulation. Our data suggests that the lipolytic signaling pathway is activated in pig adipocytes upon acute stimulation of NE, resulting in enhanced lipid metabolism and lipolysis, consistent with the phenomena found in humans and mice. Specifically, differentially expressed protein coding genes (PCGs) (SIRT4, SLC27A1) are mainly associated with functions that inhibit fatty acid oxidation and promote lipid synthesis. Similarly, we investigated the changes in regulatory transcripts such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and transcripts of uncertain coding potential (TUCP) in response to NE and found that differentially expressed lncRNAs (lncG47338, lncG30660, lncG29516, lncG3790) and TUCP (TUCP_G38001) were co-expressed with target genes related to the promotion of fatty acid β-oxidation, lipolysis and oxidative metabolism, thus acting as regulators. These results indicate a broad suite of gene expression alterations in response to NE stimulation and promote the understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which NE regulates lipid metabolism in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hong Li
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Linzhen Zhang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiaman Zhang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Geng Zhang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xingyan Tong
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Long Jin
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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13
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Li ZL, Sun Y. Role of obesity in pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2023; 31:953-959. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v31.i23.953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common digestive disorders that cause hospitalization. While most of patients with AP have a mild to moderate disease and recover rapidly, about 20% of patients with AP have a severe disease and experience substantial morbidity and mortality from local and/or systemic compli-cations. The incidence of obesity has increased worldwide, and its epidemiological characteristics and rising trend are consistent with those of AP. Therefore, obesity has probably contributed to the increase in the incidence and severity of AP. However, previous studies have generated conflicting results, and some studies demonstrated that obesity is a protective factor in patients with AP. Here we discuss the role of obesity in the pathogenesis of AP and the underlying mechanisms based on clinically relevant studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang-Li Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The 901 Hospital of The Joint Logistic Support Force of the Chinese People`s Liberation Army, Clinic College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yun Sun
- The First Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China
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14
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Park S, Oh S, Kim N, Kim EK. HMBA ameliorates obesity by MYH9- and ACTG1-dependent regulation of hypothalamic neuropeptides. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e18024. [PMID: 37984341 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202318024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The global epidemic of obesity remains a daunting problem. Here, we report hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) as a potent anti-obesity compound. Peripheral and central administration of HMBA to diet-induced obese mice regulated the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides critical for energy balance, leading to beneficial metabolic effects such as anorexia and weight loss. We found that HMBA bound to MYH9 and ACTG1, which were required for the anti-obesity effects of HMBA in both NPY-expressing and POMC-expressing neurons. The binding of HMBA to MYH9 and ACTG1 elevated the expression of HEXIM1 and enhanced its interaction with MDM2, resulting in the dissociation of the HEXIM1-p53 complex in hypothalamic cells. Subsequently, the free HEXIM1 and p53 translocated to the nucleus, where they downregulated the transcription of orexigenic NPY, but p53 and acetylated histone 3 upregulated that of anorexigenic POMC. Our study points to a previously unappreciated efficacy of HMBA and reveals its mechanism of action in metabolic regulation, which may propose HMBA as a potential therapeutic strategy for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokjae Park
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
- Neurometabolomics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sungjoon Oh
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
- Neurometabolomics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
| | - Nayoun Kim
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
- Neurometabolomics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
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15
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Xu Y, Yang D, Wang L, Król E, Mazidi M, Li L, Huang Y, Niu C, Liu X, Lam SM, Shui G, Douglas A, Speakman JR. Maternal High Fat Diet in Lactation Impacts Hypothalamic Neurogenesis and Neurotrophic Development, Leading to Later Life Susceptibility to Obesity in Male but Not Female Mice. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2305472. [PMID: 37867217 PMCID: PMC10724448 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Early life nutrition can reprogram development and exert long-term consequences on body weight regulation. In mice, maternal high-fat diet (HFD) during lactation predisposed male but not female offspring to diet-induced obesity when adult. Molecular and cellular changes in the hypothalamus at important time points are examined in the early postnatal life in relation to maternal diet and demonstrated sex-differential hypothalamic reprogramming. Maternal HFD in lactation decreased the neurotropic development of neurons formed at the embryo stage (e12.5) and impaired early postnatal neurogenesis in the hypothalamic regions of both males and females. Males show a larger increased ratio of Neuropeptide Y (NPY) to Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in early postnatal neurogenesis, in response to maternal HFD, setting an obese tone for male offspring. These data provide insights into the mechanisms by which hypothalamic reprograming by early life overnutrition contributes to the sex-dependent susceptibility to obesity in adult life in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Xu
- Shenzhen key laboratory for metabolic healthCenter for Energy Metabolism and ReproductionShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101P. R. China
| | - Dengbao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101P. R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101P. R. China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenScotlandAB24 2TZUK
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesShijingshanBeijing100049P. R. China
- School of PharmacyKey Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug EvaluationMinistry of EducationYantai UniversityYantai264005P. R. China
| | - Elżbieta Król
- Institute of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenScotlandAB24 2TZUK
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesShijingshanBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesShijingshanBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Yi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101P. R. China
| | - Chaoqun Niu
- Shenzhen key laboratory for metabolic healthCenter for Energy Metabolism and ReproductionShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101P. R. China
| | - Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101P. R. China
| | - Sin Man Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101P. R. China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101P. R. China
| | - Alex Douglas
- Institute of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenScotlandAB24 2TZUK
| | - John R. Speakman
- Shenzhen key laboratory for metabolic healthCenter for Energy Metabolism and ReproductionShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101P. R. China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenScotlandAB24 2TZUK
- China medical universityShenyang110000P. R. China
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16
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Kim YT, Park BS, Yang HR, Yi S, Nam-Goong IS, Kim JG. Exploring the potential hypothalamic role in mediating cisplatin-induced negative energy balance. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 385:110733. [PMID: 37769865 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic drug commonly used for treating different types of cancer. However, long-term use can lead to side effects, including anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss, which negatively affect the patient's quality of life and ability to undergo chemotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the development of a negative energy balance during cisplatin treatment. Mice treated with cisplatin exhibit reduced food intake, body weight, and energy expenditure. We observed altered neuronal activity in the hypothalamic nuclei involved in the regulation of energy metabolism in cisplatin-treated mice. In addition, we observed activation of microglia and inflammation in the hypothalamus following treatment with cisplatin. Consistent with this finding, inhibition of microglial activation effectively rescued cisplatin-induced anorexia and body weight loss. The present study identified the role of hypothalamic neurons and inflammation linked to microglial activation in the anorexia and body weight loss observed during cisplatin treatment. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the development of metabolic abnormalities during cisplatin treatment and suggest new strategies for managing these side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tae Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong Seo Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Rim Yang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Yi
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Seong Nam-Goong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 682-714, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Geun Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea; Research Center of Brain-Machine Interface, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Liu Z, Xiao T, Liu H. Leptin signaling and its central role in energy homeostasis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1238528. [PMID: 38027481 PMCID: PMC10644276 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1238528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin plays a critical role in regulating appetite, energy expenditure and body weight, making it a key factor in maintaining a healthy balance. Despite numerous efforts to develop therapeutic interventions targeting leptin signaling, their effectiveness has been limited, underscoring the importance of gaining a better understanding of the mechanisms through which leptin exerts its functions. While the hypothalamus is widely recognized as the primary site responsible for the appetite-suppressing and weight-reducing effects of leptin, other brain regions have also been increasingly investigated for their involvement in mediating leptin's action. In this review, we summarize leptin signaling pathways and the neural networks that mediate the effects of leptin, with a specific emphasis on energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxun Liu
- Nursing Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Emergency, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tao Xiao
- Nursing Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hailan Liu
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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18
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Concetti C, Peleg-Raibstein D, Burdakov D. Hypothalamic MCH Neurons: From Feeding to Cognitive Control. FUNCTION 2023; 5:zqad059. [PMID: 38020069 PMCID: PMC10667013 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern neuroscience is progressively elucidating that the classic view positing distinct brain regions responsible for survival, emotion, and cognitive functions is outdated. The hypothalamus demonstrates the interdependence of these roles, as it is traditionally known for fundamental survival functions like energy and electrolyte balance, but is now recognized to also play a crucial role in emotional and cognitive processes. This review focuses on lateral hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons, producing the neuropeptide MCH-a relatively understudied neuronal population with integrative functions related to homeostatic regulation and motivated behaviors, with widespread inputs and outputs throughout the entire central nervous system. Here, we review early findings and recent literature outlining their role in the regulation of energy balance, sleep, learning, and memory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Concetti
- Neurobehavioural Dynamics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Daria Peleg-Raibstein
- Neurobehavioural Dynamics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Denis Burdakov
- Neurobehavioural Dynamics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
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19
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Lee J, Chen S, Monfared RV, Derdeyn P, Leong K, Chang T, Beier K, Baldi P, Alachkar A. Reanalysis of primate brain circadian transcriptomics reveals connectivity-related oscillations. iScience 2023; 26:107810. [PMID: 37752952 PMCID: PMC10518731 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Research shows that brain circuits controlling vital physiological processes are closely linked with endogenous time-keeping systems. In this study, we aimed to examine oscillatory gene expression patterns of well-characterized neuronal circuits by reanalyzing publicly available transcriptomic data from a spatiotemporal gene expression atlas of a non-human primate. Unexpectedly, brain structures known for regulating circadian processes (e.g., hypothalamic nuclei) did not exhibit robust cycling expression. In contrast, basal ganglia nuclei, not typically associated with circadian physiology, displayed the most dynamic cycling behavior of its genes marked by sharp temporally defined expression peaks. Intriguingly, the mammillary bodies, considered hypothalamic nuclei, exhibited gene expression patterns resembling the basal ganglia, prompting reevaluation of their classification. Our results emphasize the potential for high throughput circadian gene expression analysis to deepen our understanding of the functional synchronization across brain structures that influence physiological processes and resulting complex behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Siwei Chen
- Department of Computer Science, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Roudabeh Vakil Monfared
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Pieter Derdeyn
- Mathematical, Computational, and Systems Biology Program, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth Leong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Beier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4560, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4560, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Pierre Baldi
- Department of Computer Science, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Amal Alachkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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20
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Luengo-Mateos M, González-Vila A, Vicente Dragano NR, Ohinska N, Silveira-Loureiro M, González-Domínguez M, Estévez-Salguero Á, Novelle-Rodríguez P, López M, Barca-Mayo O. Hypothalamic astrocytic-BMAL1 regulates energy homeostasis in a sex-dependent manner. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112949. [PMID: 37542717 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate that hypothalamic astrocytic BMAL1 computes cyclic metabolic information to optimize energetic resources in a sexually dimorphic manner. Knockdown of BMAL1 in female astrocytes leads to negative energy balance and alters basal metabolic cycles without affecting circadian locomotor activity. Thus, astrocytic BMAL1 contributes to the control of energy balance through the modulation of the metabolic rate, hepatic and white adipose tissue lipogenesis, and the activity of brown adipose tissue. Importantly, most of these alterations are specific to hypothalamic astrocytic BMAL1. Moreover, female mice with BMAL1 knockdown in astrocytes exhibited a "male-like" metabolic obese phenotype when fed a high-fat diet. Overall, our results suggest a sexually dimorphic effect of astrocytic BMAL1 on the regulation of energy homeostasis, which may be of interest in the physiopathology of obesity and related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luengo-Mateos
- Physiology Department, Molecular Medicine, and Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antía González-Vila
- Physiology Department, Molecular Medicine, and Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Nathalia Romanelli Vicente Dragano
- Physiology Department, Molecular Medicine, and Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Nataliia Ohinska
- Physiology Department, Molecular Medicine, and Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - María Silveira-Loureiro
- Physiology Department, Molecular Medicine, and Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marco González-Domínguez
- Physiology Department, Molecular Medicine, and Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ánxela Estévez-Salguero
- Physiology Department, Molecular Medicine, and Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Paula Novelle-Rodríguez
- Physiology Department, Molecular Medicine, and Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- Physiology Department, Molecular Medicine, and Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Olga Barca-Mayo
- Physiology Department, Molecular Medicine, and Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Bouâouda H, Jha PK. Orexin and MCH neurons: regulators of sleep and metabolism. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1230428. [PMID: 37674517 PMCID: PMC10478345 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1230428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep-wake and fasting-feeding are tightly coupled behavioral states that require coordination between several brain regions. The mammalian lateral hypothalamus (LH) is a functionally and anatomically complex brain region harboring heterogeneous cell populations that regulate sleep, feeding, and energy metabolism. Significant attempts were made to understand the cellular and circuit bases of LH actions. Rapid advancements in genetic and electrophysiological manipulation help to understand the role of discrete LH cell populations. The opposing action of LH orexin/hypocretin and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons on metabolic sensing and sleep-wake regulation make them the candidate to explore in detail. This review surveys the molecular, genetic, and neuronal components of orexin and MCH signaling in the regulation of sleep and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Bouâouda
- Pharmacology Institute, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pawan Kumar Jha
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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22
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Monfared RV, Abdelkarim S, Derdeyn P, Chen K, Wu H, Leong K, Chang T, Lee J, Versales S, Nauli S, Beier K, Baldi P, Alachkar A. Spatiotemporal Mapping of Brain Cilia Reveals Region-Specific Oscillation of Length and Orientation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.28.546950. [PMID: 37425809 PMCID: PMC10326993 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.28.546950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we conducted high-throughput spatiotemporal analysis of primary cilia length and orientation across 22 mouse brain regions. We developed automated image analysis algorithms, which enabled us to examine over 10 million individual cilia, generating the largest spatiotemporal atlas of cilia. We found that cilia length and orientation display substantial variations across different brain regions and exhibit fluctuations over a 24-hour period, with region-specific peaks during light-dark phases. Our analysis revealed unique orientation patterns of cilia at 45 degree intervals, suggesting that cilia orientation within the brain is not random but follows specific patterns. Using BioCycle, we identified circadian rhythms of cilia length in five brain regions: nucleus accumbens core, somatosensory cortex, and three hypothalamic nuclei. Our findings present novel insights into the complex relationship between cilia dynamics, circadian rhythms, and brain function, highlighting cilia crucial role in the brain's response to environmental changes and regulation of time-dependent physiological processes.
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Stevenson RJ, Francis HM, Hughes A, Wylie F, Yeomans MR. Predictors of state-based changes in wanting and liking. Appetite 2023:106640. [PMID: 37343599 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
People report wanting food when they are hungry, and on eating it they typically report liking the experience. After eating, both wanting and liking decline, but wanting declines to a greater extent, which we term the 'affective discrepancy effect'. In this study we examine the predictors - state, sensory and memory-based - of these affective changes. Hungry participants undertook three tasks: (1) written recollections of what certain foods are like to eat; (2) ratings of wanting and expected flavour liking and fillingness when looking at snacks, and ratings of food and flavour liking when eating them; (3) ratings of bodily state. These tasks were then repeated after lunch. State-based changes in food liking were best predicted by changes in flavour liking. For state-based change in wanting, memory-based information about flavour liking and fillingness from tasks (1) and (2) were all significant predictors. For recollections about eating (task 1), mentions of food fillingness significantly increased pre-to post-lunch and this was the best predictor of the affective discrepancy effect. Recollections of food fillingness are state-dependent, and can arise unbidden (i.e., such recollective content was unprompted). This may reflect one way that memory may selectively influence wanting, and hence whether food intake is initiated or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Stevenson
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Heather M Francis
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia; Department of Neurology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alannah Hughes
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Fiona Wylie
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
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Lu HL, Li L, Miao YL, Liang H, Zou JM, You JJ, Liang XF, He S. Effects and regulatory pathway of proopinmelanocortin on feeding habit domestication in mandarin fish. Gene 2023:147581. [PMID: 37336270 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) is a hormone precursor, and has been reported to participate in domestication. However, its effects on feeding habit domestication in fish are poorly understood. Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) feeds solely on live prey fish since first-feeding. In the present study, the high expression of pomc in mandarin fish, both the pomc siRNA and MC4R inhibitor treatments increased the success rate of domestication from live prey fish to dead prey fish and food intake of dead prey fish, suggesting the role of pomc on the special feeding habit of live prey fish in mandarin fish. In addition, one c-fos binding site was identified in the region that from -1053 bp to -931 bp upstream of the transcription start site of pomc, and this region exhibited positive promoter activity. The mandarin fish brain cells treated with c-fos siRNA displayed suppressed pomc mRNA expression, indicating that c-fos positively regulated pomc expression. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of c-fos was higher in the mandarin fish which were more difficult to domesticate. The results of ChIP assay and inhibitor treatment confirmed that the activation of c-fos gene by histone H3K4me3 was catalyzed by Setd1b in mandarin fish. Three open peaks were found at the upstream regulatory region of setd1b by ATAC-seq, and the mRNA expression of setd1b was higher in the mandarin fish which were more difficult to domesticate. These results indicated that Setd1b could methylate histone H3K4 to activate the c-fos transcription, maintaining the high expression of pomc, which might contribute to the special feeding habit of mandarin fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lin Lu
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ling Li
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yun-Liang Miao
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui Liang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jia-Ming Zou
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jun-Jie You
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xu-Fang Liang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shan He
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Yi X, Yang Y, Li T, Li M, Yao T, Hu G, Wan G, Chang B. Signaling metabolite β-aminoisobutyric acid as a metabolic regulator, biomarker, and potential exercise pill. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1192458. [PMID: 37313446 PMCID: PMC10258315 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1192458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling metabolites can effectively regulate the biological functions of many tissues and organs. β-Aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), a product of valine and thymine catabolism in skeletal muscle, has been reported to participate in the regulation of lipid, glucose, and bone metabolism, as well as in inflammation and oxidative stress. BAIBA is produced during exercise and is involved in the exercise response. No side effect has been observed in human and rat studies, suggesting that BAIBA can be developed as a pill that confers the benefits of exercise to subjects who, for some reason, are unable to do so. Further, BAIBA has been confirmed to participate in the diagnosis and prevention of diseases as an important biological marker of disease. The current review aimed to discuss the roles of BAIBA in multiple physiological processes and the possible pathways of its action, and assess the progress toward the development of BAIBA as an exercise mimic and biomarker with relevance to multiple disease states, in order to provide new ideas and strategies for basic research and disease prevention in related fields.
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26
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Boix-Castejón M, Roche E, Olivares-Vicente M, Álvarez-Martínez FJ, Herranz-López M, Micol V. Plant compounds for obesity treatment through neuroendocrine regulation of hunger: A systematic review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 113:154735. [PMID: 36921427 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food intake behavior is influenced by both physiological and psychological complex processes, such as appetite, satiety, and hunger. The neuroendocrine regulation of food intake integrates short- and long-term acting signals that modulate the moment of intake and energy storage/expenditure, respectively. These signals are classified as orexigenic, those that activate anabolic pathways and the desire of eating, and anorexigenic, those that activate the catabolic pathways and a sensation of satiety. Appetite control by natural vegetal compounds is an intense area of research and new pharmacological interventions have been emerging based on an understanding of appetite regulation pathways. Several validated psychometric tools are used to assess the efficacy of these plant ingredients. However, these data are not conclusive if they are not complemented with physiological parameters, such as anthropometric evaluations (body weight and composition) and the analysis of hormones related to adipose tissue and appetite in blood. PURPOSE The purpose of this manuscript is the critical analysis of the plant compounds studied to date in the literature with potential for the neuroendocrine regulation of hunger in order to determine if the use of phytochemicals for the treatment of obesity constitutes an effective and/or promising therapeutic tool. METHODS Relevant information on neuroendocrine regulation of hunger and satiety for the treatment of obesity by plant compounds up to 2022 in English and/or Spanish were derived from online databases using the PubMed search engine and Google Scholar with relevant keywords and operators. RESULTS Accordingly, the comparison performed in this review between previous studies showed a high degree of experimental heterogeneity. Among the studies reviewed here, only a few of them establish comprehensively a potential correlation between the effect of the ingredient on hunger or satiety, body changes and a physiological response. CONCLUSIONS More systematic clinical studies are required in future research. The first approach should be to decode the pattern of circulating hormones regulating hunger, satiety, and appetite in overweight/obese subjects. Thereafter, studies should correlate brain connectivity at the level of the hypothalamus, gut and adipose tissue with the hormone patterns modulating appetite and satiety. Extracts whose mode of action have been well characterized and that are safe, can be used clinically to perform a moderate, but continuous, caloric restriction in overweight patients to lose weight excess into a controlled protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boix-Castejón
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Health Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - E Roche
- Institute of Bioengineering, Applied Biology Department-Nutrition, University Miguel-Hernández, 03202, Elche, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010, Alicante, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Olivares-Vicente
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Health Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - F J Álvarez-Martínez
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Health Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - M Herranz-López
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Health Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202, Elche, Spain.
| | - V Micol
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Health Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202, Elche, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
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Thakkar P, Pauza AG, Murphy D, Paton JFR. Carotid body: an emerging target for cardiometabolic co-morbidities. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:661-671. [PMID: 36999224 PMCID: PMC10988524 DOI: 10.1113/ep090090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? Regarding the global metabolic syndrome crisis, this review focuses on common mechanisms for high blood sugar and high blood pressure. Connections are made between the homeostatic regulation of blood pressure and blood sugar and their dysregulation to reveal signalling mechanisms converging on the carotid body. What advances does it highlight? The carotid body plays a major part in the generation of excessive sympathetic activity in diabetes and also underpins diabetic hypertension. As treatment of diabetic hypertension is notoriously difficult, we propose that novel receptors within the carotid body may provide a novel treatment strategy. ABSTRACT The maintenance of glucose homeostasis is obligatory for health and survival. It relies on peripheral glucose sensing and signalling between the brain and peripheral organs via hormonal and neural responses that restore euglycaemia. Failure of these mechanisms causes hyperglycaemia or diabetes. Current anti-diabetic medications control blood glucose but many patients remain with hyperglycemic condition. Diabetes is often associated with hypertension; the latter is more difficult to control in hyperglycaemic conditions. We ask whether a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of glucose control could improve treatment of both diabetes and hypertension when they co-exist. With the involvement of the carotid body (CB) in glucose sensing, metabolic regulation and control of sympathetic nerve activity, we consider the CB as a potential treatment target for both diabetes and hypertension. We provide an update on the role of the CB in glucose sensing and glucose homeostasis. Physiologically, hypoglycaemia stimulates the release of hormones such as glucagon and adrenaline, which mobilize or synthesize glucose; however, these counter-regulatory responses were markedly attenuated after denervation of the CBs in animals. Also, CB denervation prevents and reverses insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. We discuss the CB as a metabolic regulator (not just a sensor of blood gases) and consider recent evidence of novel 'metabolic' receptors within the CB and putative signalling peptides that may control glucose homeostasis via modulation of the sympathetic nervous system. The evidence presented may inform future clinical strategies in the treatment of patients with both diabetes and hypertension, which may include the CB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Thakkar
- Manaaki Manawa – the Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Audrys G. Pauza
- Manaaki Manawa – the Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - David Murphy
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Julian F. R. Paton
- Manaaki Manawa – the Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
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28
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Mouton AJ, do Carmo JM, da Silva AA, Omoto ACM, Hall JE. Targeting immunometabolism during cardiorenal injury: roles of conventional and alternative macrophage metabolic fuels. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1139296. [PMID: 37234412 PMCID: PMC10208225 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1139296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play critical roles in mediating and resolving tissue injury as well as tissue remodeling during cardiorenal disease. Altered immunometabolism, particularly macrophage metabolism, is a critical underlying mechanism of immune dysfunction and inflammation, particularly in individuals with underlying metabolic abnormalities. In this review, we discuss the critical roles of macrophages in cardiac and renal injury and disease. We also highlight the roles of macrophage metabolism and discuss metabolic abnormalities, such as obesity and diabetes, which may impair normal macrophage metabolism and thus predispose individuals to cardiorenal inflammation and injury. As the roles of macrophage glucose and fatty acid metabolism have been extensively discussed elsewhere, we focus on the roles of alternative fuels, such as lactate and ketones, which play underappreciated roles during cardiac and renal injury and heavily influence macrophage phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J. Mouton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Jussara M. do Carmo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Alexandre A. da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Ana C. M. Omoto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - John E. Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
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Janssen H, Kahles F, Liu D, Downey J, Koekkoek LL, Roudko V, D'Souza D, McAlpine CS, Halle L, Poller WC, Chan CT, He S, Mindur JE, Kiss MG, Singh S, Anzai A, Iwamoto Y, Kohler RH, Chetal K, Sadreyev RI, Weissleder R, Kim-Schulze S, Merad M, Nahrendorf M, Swirski FK. Monocytes re-enter the bone marrow during fasting and alter the host response to infection. Immunity 2023; 56:783-796.e7. [PMID: 36827982 PMCID: PMC10101885 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Diet profoundly influences physiology. Whereas over-nutrition elevates risk for disease via its influence on immunity and metabolism, caloric restriction and fasting appear to be salutogenic. Despite multiple correlations observed between diet and health, the underlying biology remains unclear. Here, we identified a fasting-induced switch in leukocyte migration that prolongs monocyte lifespan and alters susceptibility to disease in mice. We show that fasting during the active phase induced the rapid return of monocytes from the blood to the bone marrow. Monocyte re-entry was orchestrated by hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis-dependent release of corticosterone, which augmented the CXCR4 chemokine receptor. Although the marrow is a safe haven for monocytes during nutrient scarcity, re-feeding prompted mobilization culminating in monocytosis of chronologically older and transcriptionally distinct monocytes. These shifts altered response to infection. Our study shows that diet-in particular, a diet's temporal dynamic balance-modulates monocyte lifespan with consequences for adaptation to external stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Janssen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Florian Kahles
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dan Liu
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Downey
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura L Koekkoek
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vladimir Roudko
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Darwin D'Souza
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cameron S McAlpine
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lennard Halle
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wolfram C Poller
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher T Chan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shun He
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John E Mindur
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Máté G Kiss
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sumnima Singh
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Atsushi Anzai
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yoshiko Iwamoto
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rainer H Kohler
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kashish Chetal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruslan I Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seunghee Kim-Schulze
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miriam Merad
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Singh U, Saito K, Khan MZ, Jiang J, Toth BA, Rodeghiero SR, Dickey JE, Deng Y, Deng G, Kim YC, Cui H. Collateralizing ventral subiculum melanocortin 4 receptor circuits regulate energy balance and food motivation. Physiol Behav 2023; 262:114105. [PMID: 36736416 PMCID: PMC9981473 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal dysfunction is associated with major depressive disorder, a serious mental illness characterized by not only depressed mood but also appetite disturbance and dysregulated body weight. However, the underlying mechanisms by which hippocampal circuits regulate metabolic homeostasis remain incompletely understood. Here we show that collateralizing melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) circuits in the ventral subiculum (vSUB), one of the major output structures of the hippocampal formation, affect food motivation and energy balance. Viral-mediated cell type- and projection-specific input-output circuit mapping revealed that the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh)-projecting vSUBMC4R+ neurons send extensive collateral projections of to various hypothalamic nuclei known to be important for energy balance, including the arcuate, ventromedial and dorsomedial nuclei, and receive monosynaptic inputs mainly from the ventral CA1 and the anterior paraventricular nucleus of thalamus. Chemogenetic activation of NAcSh-projecting vSUBMC4R+neurons lead to increase in motivation to obtain palatable food without noticeable effect on homeostatic feeding. Viral-mediated restoration of MC4R signaling in the vSUB partially restores obesity in MC4R-null mice without affecting anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. Collectively, these results delineate vSUBMC4R+ circuits to the unprecedented level of precision and identify the vSUBMC4R signaling as a novel regulator of food reward and energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Singh
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Kenji Saito
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Michael Z. Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Brandon A. Toth
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Samuel R. Rodeghiero
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Jacob E. Dickey
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Yue Deng
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Guorui Deng
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Young-Cho Kim
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Huxing Cui
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States; F.O.E. Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States.
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Przegaliński E, Witek K, Wydra K, Kotlińska JH, Filip M. 5-HT2C Receptor Stimulation in Obesity Treatment: Orthosteric Agonists vs. Allosteric Modulators. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061449. [PMID: 36986191 PMCID: PMC10058696 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a substantial health and economic issue, and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is an important neurotransmitter system involved in the regulation of body weight. The 5-HT2C receptors (5-HT2CRs), one of 16 of the 5-HT receptor (5-HTRs) subtypes, play a significant role in food intake and body weight control. In this review, we focused on the 5-HTR agonists, such as fenfluramines, sibutramine, and lorcaserin, which act directly or indirectly at 5-HT2CRs and have been introduced into the clinic as antiobesity medications. Due to their unwanted effects, they were withdrawn from the market. The 5-HT2CR positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) can be potentially safer active drugs than 5-HT2CR agonists. However, more in vivo validation of PAMs is required to fully determine if these drugs will be effective in obesity prevention and antiobesity pharmacology treatment. Methodology strategy: This review focuses on the role of 5-HT2CR agonism in obesity treatment, such as food intake regulation and weight gain. The literature was reviewed according to the review topic. We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases and Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute open-access scientific journals using the following keyword search strategy depending on the chapter phrases: (1) “5-HT2C receptor” AND “food intake”, and (2) “5-HT2C receptor” AND “obesity” AND “respective agonists”, and (3) “5-HT2C receptor” AND “PAM”. We included preclinical studies (only present the weight loss effects) and double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials published since the 1975s (mostly related to antiobesity treatment), and excluded the pay-walled articles. After the search process, the authors selected, carefully screened, and reviewed appropriate papers. In total, 136 articles were included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Przegaliński
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; (K.W.); (K.W.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kacper Witek
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; (K.W.); (K.W.); (M.F.)
| | - Karolina Wydra
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; (K.W.); (K.W.); (M.F.)
| | - Jolanta H. Kotlińska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki Street 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Filip
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; (K.W.); (K.W.); (M.F.)
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Mendoza-Viveros L, Marmolejo-Gutierrez C, Cid-Castro C, Escalante-Covarrubias Q, Montellier E, Carreño-Vázquez E, Noriega LG, Velázquez-Villegas LA, Tovar AR, Sassone-Corsi P, Aguilar-Arnal L, Orozco-Solis R. Astrocytic circadian clock control of energy expenditure by transcriptional stress responses in the ventromedial hypothalamus. Glia 2023; 71:1626-1647. [PMID: 36919670 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Hypothalamic circuits compute systemic information to control metabolism. Astrocytes residing within the hypothalamus directly sense nutrients and hormones, integrating metabolic information, and modulating neuronal responses. Nevertheless, the role of the astrocytic circadian clock on the control of energy balance remains unclear. We used mice with a targeted ablation of the core-clock gene Bmal1 within Gfap-expressing astrocytes to gain insight on the role played by this transcription factor in astrocytes. While this mutation does not substantially affect the phenotype in mice fed normo-caloric diet, under high-fat diet we unmasked a thermogenic phenotype consisting of increased energy expenditure, and catabolism in brown adipose and overall metabolic improvement consisting of better glycemia control, and body composition. Transcriptomic analysis in the ventromedial hypothalamus revealed an enhanced response to moderate cellular stress, including ER-stress response, unfolded protein response and autophagy. We identified Xbp1 and Atf1 as two key transcription factors enhancing cellular stress responses. Therefore, we unveiled a previously unknown role of the astrocytic circadian clock modulating energy balance through the regulation of cellular stress responses within the VMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mendoza-Viveros
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), México City, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM, México City, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación sobre el Envejecimiento, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CIE-CINVESTAV), México City, México
| | | | - Carolina Cid-Castro
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), México City, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM, México City, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación sobre el Envejecimiento, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CIE-CINVESTAV), México City, México
| | | | | | | | - Lilia G Noriega
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Armando R Tovar
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Lorena Aguilar-Arnal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM, México City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Orozco-Solis
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), México City, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación sobre el Envejecimiento, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CIE-CINVESTAV), México City, México
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Romanò N, Lafont C, Campos P, Guillou A, Fiordelisio T, Hodson DJ, Mollard P, Schaeffer M. Median eminence blood flow influences food intake by regulating ghrelin access to the metabolic brain. JCI Insight 2023; 8:165763. [PMID: 36574295 PMCID: PMC9977422 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.165763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Central integration of peripheral appetite-regulating signals ensures maintenance of energy homeostasis. Thus, plasticity of circulating molecule access to neuronal circuits involved in feeding behavior plays a key role in the adaptive response to metabolic changes. However, the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood despite their relevance for therapeutic development. Here, we investigated the role of median eminence mural cells, including smooth muscle cells and pericytes, in modulating gut hormone effects on orexigenic/anorexigenic circuits. We found that conditional activation of median eminence vascular cells impinged on local blood flow velocity and altered ghrelin-stimulated food intake by delaying ghrelin access to target neurons. Thus, activation of median eminence vascular cells modulates food intake in response to peripheral ghrelin by reducing local blood flow velocity and access to the metabolic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chrystel Lafont
- Institute of Functional Genomics and,BioCampus Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, F-34094 Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Tatiana Fiordelisio
- Institute of Functional Genomics and,Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología Comparada, Laboratorio Nacional de Soluciones Biomiméticas para Diagnóstico y Terapia LaNSBioDyT, Science Facility, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David J. Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Patrice Mollard
- Institute of Functional Genomics and,BioCampus Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, F-34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Schaeffer
- Institute of Functional Genomics and,Centre de Biologie Structurale, CNRS UMR 5048, INSERM U1054, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Carbinatti T, Régnier M, Parlati L, Benhamed F, Postic C. New insights into the inter-organ crosstalk mediated by ChREBP. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1095440. [PMID: 36923222 PMCID: PMC10008936 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1095440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) is a glucose responsive transcription factor recognized by its critical role in the transcriptional control of glycolysis and de novo lipogenesis. Substantial advances in the field have revealed novel ChREBP functions. Indeed, due to its actions in different tissues, ChREBP modulates the inter-organ communication through secretion of peptides and lipid factors, ensuring metabolic homeostasis. Dysregulation of these orchestrated interactions is associated with development of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, we recapitulate the current knowledge about ChREBP-mediated inter-organ crosstalk through secreted factors and its physiological implications. As the liver is considered a crucial endocrine organ, we will focus in this review on the role of ChREBP-regulated hepatokines. Lastly, we will discuss the involvement of ChREBP in the progression of metabolic pathologies, as well as how the impairment of ChREBP-dependent signaling factors contributes to the onset of such diseases.
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Suriano F, Vieira-Silva S, Falony G, de Wouters d'Oplinter A, Paone P, Delzenne NM, Everard A, Raes J, Van Hul M, Cani PD. Fat and not sugar as the determining factor for gut microbiota changes, obesity, and related metabolic disorders in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E85-E96. [PMID: 36516223 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00141.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, metabolic inflammation, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Overall, obesity is associated with deviations in the composition and functionality of the gut microbiota. There are many divergent findings regarding the link between the excessive intake of certain dietary components (i.e., fat and sugar) and obesity development. We therefore investigated the effect of specific diets, with a different content of sugar and fat, in promoting obesity and related comorbidities as well as their impact on microbial load and gut microbiota composition/diversity. C57BL/6J mice were fed either a low-sugar, low-fat control diet (CT), a high-sugar diet (HS), a high-fat, high-sugar diet (HF/HS), or a high-fat diet (HF) for 8 wk. The impact of the different diets on obesity, glucose metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative and ER stress was determined. Diet-induced changes in the gut microbiota composition and density were also analyzed. HF diet-fed mice showed the highest body weight and fat mass gains and displayed the most impaired glucose and insulin profiles. HS, HF/HS, and HF diets differently affected hepatic cholesterol content and mRNA expression of several markers associated with immune cells, inflammation, oxidative and ER stress in several organs/tissues. In addition, HF diet feeding resulted in a decreased microbial load at the end of the experiment. When analyzing the gut microbiota composition, we found that HS, HF/HS, and HF diets induced specific changes in the abundance of certain bacterial taxa. This was not associated with a specific change in systemic inflammatory markers, but HS mice exhibited higher FGF21 plasma levels compared with HF diet-fed mice. Taken together, our results highlight that dietary intake of different macronutrients distinctively impacts the development of an obese/diabetic state and the regulation of metabolic inflammation in specific organs. We propose that these differences are not only obesity-driven but that changes in the gut microbiota composition may play a key role in this context.NEW & NOTEWORTHY To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that dietary macronutrients (i.e., sugar and fat) have an impact on fecal bacterial cell counting and quantitative microbiome profiling in mice. Yet, we demonstrate that dietary fat is the determining factor to promote obesity and diabetes progression, and local inflammation in different body sites. These observations can help to disentangle the conundrum of the detrimental effects of fat and sugar in our dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Suriano
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Sara Vieira-Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, VIB Center for Microbiology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
| | - Gwen Falony
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, VIB Center for Microbiology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alice de Wouters d'Oplinter
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Paola Paone
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Nathalie M Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amandine Everard
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Raes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, VIB Center for Microbiology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthias Van Hul
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
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Voruganti VS. Precision Nutrition: Recent Advances in Obesity. Physiology (Bethesda) 2023; 38:0. [PMID: 36125787 PMCID: PMC9705019 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00014.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
"Precision nutrition" is an emerging area of nutrition research that focuses on understanding metabolic variability within and between individuals and helps develop customized dietary plans and interventions to maintain optimal individual health. It encompasses nutritional genomic (gene-nutrient interactions), epigenetic, microbiome, and environmental factors. Obesity is a complex disease that is affected by genetic and environmental factors and thus a relevant target of precision nutrition-based approaches. Recent studies have shown significant associations between obesity phenotypes (body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and central and regional adiposity) and genetic variants, epigenetic factors (DNA methylation and noncoding RNA), microbial species, and environment (sociodemographics and physical activity). Additionally, studies have also shown that the interactions between genetic variants, microbial metabolites, and epigenetic factors affect energy balance and adiposity. These include variants in FTO, MC4R, PPAR, APOA, and FADS genes, DNA methylation in CpG island regions, and specific miRNAs and microbial species such as Firmicutes, Bacteriodes, Clostridiales, etc. Similarly, studies have shown that microbial metabolites, folate, B-vitamins, and short-chain fatty acids interact with miRNAs to influence obesity phenotypes. With the advent of next-generation sequencing and analytical approaches, the advances in precision nutrition have the potential to lead to new paradigms, which can further lead to interventions or customized treatments specific to individuals or susceptible groups of individuals. This review highlights the recent advances in precision nutrition as applied to obesity and projects the importance of precision nutrition in obesity and weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Saroja Voruganti
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina
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Sympathetic blockage attenuates fasting-induced hepatic steatosis. Neuroreport 2022; 33:763-770. [PMID: 36250432 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although the central nervous system coordinates whole-body metabolism, the neural mechanism for hepatic steatosis remains unclear. This study is aimed to explore the neural mechanism of fasting-induced hepatic steatosis. Mice were pretreated with 6-hydroxydopamine to block sympathetic nerve activity before fasting, and to explore the potential effects of chemical sympathectomy on fasting-induced hepatic steatosis and transcriptional changes. Twenty-four hours fasting led to obvious hepatic steatosis, low-core temperature, and similar effects to cold-induced white adipose lipolysis. The alterations in hepatic mRNA expression revealed that the hepatic lipid accumulation did not result from an increase in hepatic lipogenesis or a decrease in fatty acid oxidation but from enhanced fatty acid uptake as indicated by upregulation of CD36. Blockage of the sympathetic nervous system via chemical sympathectomy attenuated fasting-induced hepatic steatosis and suppressed CD36 upregulation in the liver, but did not obviously alter the expression of genes associated with lipogenesis or fatty acid oxidation. These findings indicate that the sympathetic nervous system orchestrates the mechanism for fasting-induced hepatic steatosis via modulating CD36 expression and adipose fat trafficking into the liver, which provides clues to reveal new targets for fatty liver diseases.
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Brain fractalkine-CX3CR1 signalling is anti-obesity system as anorexigenic and anti-inflammatory actions in diet-induced obese mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12604. [PMID: 35871167 PMCID: PMC9308795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16944-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fractalkine is one of the CX3C chemokine family, and it is widely expressed in the brain including the hypothalamus. In the brain, fractalkine is expressed in neurons and binds to a CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) in microglia. The hypothalamus regulates energy homeostasis of which dysregulation is associated with obesity. Therefore, we examined whether fractalkine-CX3CR1 signalling involved in regulating food intake and hypothalamic inflammation associated with obesity pathogenesis. In the present study, fractalkine significantly reduced food intake induced by several experimental stimuli and significantly increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA expression in the hypothalamus. Moreover, tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) antagonist impaired fractalkine-induced anorexigenic actions. In addition, compared with wild-type mice, CX3CR1-deficient mice showed a significant increase in food intake and a significant decrease in BDNF mRNA expression in the hypothalamus. Mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks showed hypothalamic inflammation and reduced fractalkine mRNA expression in the hypothalamus. Intracerebroventricular administration of fractalkine significantly suppressed HFD-induced hypothalamic inflammation in mice. HFD intake for 4 weeks caused hypothalamic inflammation in CX3CR1-deficient mice, but not in wild-type mice. These findings suggest that fractalkine-CX3CR1 signalling induces anorexigenic actions via activation of the BDNF-TrkB pathway and suppresses HFD-induced hypothalamic inflammation in mice.
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Ezeani M, Prabhu S. PI3K signalling at the intersection of cardio-oncology networks: cardiac safety in the era of AI. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:594. [PMID: 36380172 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04627-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a family of lipid kinases. They are super elevated in many human cancer types and exert their main cellular functions by activating Akt to trigger an array of distinct responses, affecting metabolism and cell polarity. The signal equally plays important roles in cardiovascular pathophysiology. PI3K is required for cardiogenesis and regulation of cardiac structure and function. Overexpression of PI3K governs the development of cardiac pressure overload adaptation and compensatory hypertrophy. Therefore, inhibition of PI3K shortens life span, enhances cardiac dysfunction and pathological hypertrophy. The inverse inhibition effect, however, desirably destroys many cancer cells by blocking several aspects of the tumorigenesis phenotype. Given the contrasting effects in cardio-oncology; the best therapeutic strategy to target PI3K in cancer, while maintaining or rather increasing cardiac safety is under intense investigational scrutiny. To improve our molecular understanding towards identifying cardiac safety signalling of PI3K and/or better therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment, this article reviews PI3K signalling in cardio-oncology. PI3K signalling at the interface of metabolism, inflammation and immunity, and autonomic innervation networks were examined. Examples were then given of cardiovascular drugs that target the networks, being repurposed for cancer treatment. This was followed by an intersection scheme of the networks that can be functionalised with machine learning for safety and risk prediction, diagnoses, and defining new novel encouraging leads and targets for clinical translation. This will hopefully overcome the challenges of the one-signalling-one-health-outcome alliance, and expand our knowledge of the totality of PI3K signalling in cardio-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ezeani
- NanoBiotechnology Laboratory, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
| | - Sandeep Prabhu
- The Alfred, and University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
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Hypothalamic TTF-1 orchestrates the sensitivity of leptin. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101636. [PMID: 36375792 PMCID: PMC9700031 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), a homeodomain-containing transcription factor, is predominantly expressed in discrete areas of the hypothalamus, which acts as the central unit for the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis. Current study designed to identify the roles of TTF-1 on the responsiveness of the hypothalamic circuit activity to circulating leptin and the development of obesity linked to the insensitivity of leptin. METHODS We generated conditional knock-out mice by crossing TTF-1flox/flox mice with leptin receptor (ObRb)Cre or proopiomelanocortin (POMC)Cre transgenic mice to interrogate the contributions of TTF-1 in leptin signaling and activity. Changes of food intake, body weight and energy expenditure were evaluated in standard or high fat diet-treated transgenic mice by using an indirect calorimetry instrument. Molecular mechanism was elucidated with immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, quantitative PCR, and promoter assays. RESULTS The selective deletion of TTF-1 gene expression in cells expressing the ObRb or POMC enhanced the anorexigenic effects of leptin as well as the leptin-induced phosphorylation of STAT3. We further determined that TTF-1 inhibited the transcriptional activity of the ObRb gene. In line with these findings, the selective deletion of the TTF-1 gene in ObRb-positive cells led to protective effects against diet-induced obesity via the amelioration of leptin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results suggest that hypothalamic TTF-1 participates in the development of obesity as a molecular component involved in the regulation of cellular leptin signaling and activity. Thus, TTF-1 may represent a therapeutic target for the treatment, prevention, and control of obesity.
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Prida E, Álvarez-Delgado S, Pérez-Lois R, Soto-Tielas M, Estany-Gestal A, Fernø J, Seoane LM, Quiñones M, Al-Massadi O. Liver Brain Interactions: Focus on FGF21 a Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113318. [PMID: 36362103 PMCID: PMC9658462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 is a pleiotropic hormone secreted mainly by the liver in response to metabolic and nutritional challenges. Physiologically, fibroblast growth factor 21 plays a key role in mediating the metabolic responses to fasting or starvation and acts as an important regulator of energy homeostasis, glucose and lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity, in part by its direct action on the central nervous system. Accordingly, pharmacological recombinant fibroblast growth factor 21 therapies have been shown to counteract obesity and its related metabolic disorders in both rodents and nonhuman primates. In this systematic review, we discuss how fibroblast growth factor 21 regulates metabolism and its interactions with the central nervous system. In addition, we also state our vision for possible therapeutic uses of this hepatic-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Prida
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sara Álvarez-Delgado
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raquel Pérez-Lois
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mateo Soto-Tielas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Estany-Gestal
- Unidad de Metodología de la Investigación, Fundación Instituto de Investigación de Santiago (FIDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Johan Fernø
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5201 Bergen, Norway
| | - Luisa María Seoane
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mar Quiñones
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.Q.); (O.A.-M.); Tel.: +34-981955708 (M.Q.); +34-981955522 (O.A.-M.)
| | - Omar Al-Massadi
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.Q.); (O.A.-M.); Tel.: +34-981955708 (M.Q.); +34-981955522 (O.A.-M.)
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Kulhanek D, Abrahante Llorens JE, Buckley L, Tkac I, Rao R, Paulsen ME. Female and male C57BL/6J offspring exposed to maternal obesogenic diet develop altered hypothalamic energy metabolism in adulthood. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 323:E448-E466. [PMID: 36342228 PMCID: PMC9639756 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00100.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Maternal obesity is exceedingly common and strongly linked to offspring obesity and metabolic disease. Hypothalamic function is critical to obesity development. Hypothalamic mechanisms causing obesity following exposure to maternal obesity have not been elucidated. Therefore, we studied a cohort of C57BL/6J dams, treated with a control or high-fat-high-sugar diet, and their adult offspring to explore potential hypothalamic mechanisms to explain the link between maternal and offspring obesity. Dams treated with obesogenic diet were heavier with mild insulin resistance, which is reflective of the most common metabolic disease in pregnancy. Adult offspring exposed to maternal obesogenic diet had no change in body weight but significant increase in fat mass, decreased glucose tolerance, decreased insulin sensitivity, elevated plasma leptin, and elevated plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone. In addition, offspring exposed to maternal obesity had decreased energy intake and activity without change in basal metabolic rate. Hypothalamic neurochemical profile and transcriptome demonstrated decreased neuronal activity and inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation. Collectively, these results indicate that maternal obesity without diabetes is associated with adiposity and decreased hypothalamic energy production in offspring. We hypothesize that altered hypothalamic function significantly contributes to obesity development. Future studies focused on neuroprotective strategies aimed to improve hypothalamic function may decrease obesity development.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Offspring exposed to maternal diet-induced obesity demonstrate a phenotype consistent with energy excess. Contrary to previous studies, the observed energy phenotype was not associated with hyperphagia or decreased basal metabolic rate but rather decreased hypothalamic neuronal activity and energy production. This was supported by neurochemical changes in the hypothalamus as well as inhibition of hypothalamic oxidative phosphorylation pathway. These results highlight the potential for neuroprotective interventions in the prevention of obesity with fetal origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Kulhanek
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Lauren Buckley
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ivan Tkac
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Raghavendra Rao
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Megan E Paulsen
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Minnesota Institute for the Developing Brain, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Jia X, Chen S, Li X, Tao S, Lai J, Liu H, Huang K, Tian Y, Wei P, Yang F, Lu Z, Chen Z, Liu XA, Xu F, Wang L. Divergent neurocircuitry dissociates two components of the stress response: glucose mobilization and anxiety-like behavior. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111586. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Loss of hypothalamic Furin affects POMC to proACTH cleavage and feeding behavior in high-fat diet-fed mice. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101627. [PMID: 36374777 PMCID: PMC9664468 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The hypothalamus regulates feeding and glucose homeostasis through the balanced action of different neuropeptides, which are cleaved and activated by the proprotein convertases PC1/3 and PC2. However, the recent association of polymorphisms in the proprotein convertase FURIN with type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obesity, prompted us to investigate the role of FURIN in hypothalamic neurons controlling glucose and feeding. METHODS POMC-Cre+/- mice were bred with Furinfl/fl mice to generate conditional knockout mice with Furin-deletion in neurons expressing proopiomelanocortin (POMCFurKO), and Furinfl/fl mice were used as controls. POMCFurKO and controls were periodically monitored on both normal chow diet and high fat diet (HFD) for body weight and glucose tolerance by established in-vivo procedures. Food intake was measured in HFD-fed FurKO and controls. Hypothalamic Pomc mRNA was measured by RT-qPCR. ELISAs quantified POMC protein and resulting peptides in the hypothalamic extracts of POMCFurKO mice and controls. The in-vitro processing of POMC was studied by biochemical techniques in HEK293T and CHO cell lines lacking FURIN. RESULTS In control mice, Furin mRNA levels were significantly upregulated on HFD feeding, suggesting an increased demand for FURIN activity in obesogenic conditions. Under these conditions, the POMCFurKO mice were hyperphagic and had increased body weight compared to Furinfl/fl mice. Moreover, protein levels of POMC were elevated and ACTH concentrations markedly reduced. Also, the ratio of α-MSH/POMC was decreased in POMCFurKO mice compared to controls. This indicates that POMC processing was significantly reduced in the hypothalami of POMCFurKO mice, highlighting for the first time the involvement of FURIN in the cleavage of POMC. Importantly, we found that in vitro, the first stage in processing where POMC is cleaved into proACTH was achieved by FURIN but not by PC1/3 or the other proprotein convertases in cell lines lacking a regulated secretory pathway. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that FURIN processes POMC into proACTH before sorting into the regulated secretory pathway, challenging the dogma that PC1/3 and PC2 are the only convertases responsible for POMC cleavage. Furthermore, its deletion affects feeding behaviors under obesogenic conditions.
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She QY, Li LJ, Liu MH, Tan RY, Zhong YW, Bao JF, Xie JD. Bibliometric analysis of fibroblast growth factor 21 research over the period 2000 to 2021. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1011008. [PMID: 36238554 PMCID: PMC9551462 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1011008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) is an evolutionarily conserved protein that plays multiple roles in metabolic regulation. Over the past two decades, numerous studies have deepened our understanding of its various functions and its pharmacological value. Nevertheless, most clinical trials have not achieved the desired results, which raises issues regarding its clinical value. In this bibliometric analysis, we evaluated the state of FGF-21 research over the last 20 years and identified important topics, achievements, and potential future directions. Methods: Publications related to FGF-21 were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection-Science Citation Index Expanded. HistCite, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace were used for bibliometric analysis and visualization, including the analysis of annual publications, leading countries, active institutions and authors, core journals, co-cited references, and keywords. Results: Altogether, 2,490 publications related to FGF-21 were obtained. A total of 12,872 authors from 2,628 institutions in 77 countries or regions reported studies on FGF-21. The United States of America was the most influential country in FGF-21 research. Alexei Kharitonenkov, Steven A. Kliewer, and David J. Mangelsdorf were the most influential scholars, and endocrinology journals had a core status in the field. The physiological roles, clinical translation, and FGF-21-based drug development were the main topics of research, and future studies may concentrate on the central effects of FGF-21, FGF-21-based drug development, and the effects of FGF-21 on non-metabolic diseases. Conclusion: The peripheral metabolic effects of FGF-21, FGF-21-based drug development, and translational research on metabolic diseases are the three major topics in FGF-21 research, whereas the central metabolic effects of FGF-21 and the effects of FGF-21 on metabolic diseases are the emerging trends and may become the following hot topics in FGF-21 research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Ying She
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Juan Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Hong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ru-Yu Tan
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Wen Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Fu Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Dong Xie
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jie-Dong Xie,
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Wang Q, Zhang B, Stutz B, Liu ZW, Horvath TL, Yang X. Ventromedial hypothalamic OGT drives adipose tissue lipolysis and curbs obesity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn8092. [PMID: 36044565 PMCID: PMC9432828 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn8092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is known to regulate body weight and counterregulatory response. However, how VMH neurons regulate lipid metabolism and energy balance remains unknown. O-linked β-d-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification (O-GlcNAcylation), catalyzed by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), is considered a cellular sensor of nutrients and hormones. Here, we report that genetic ablation of OGT in VMH neurons inhibits neuronal excitability. Mice with VMH neuron-specific OGT deletion show rapid weight gain, increased adiposity, and reduced energy expenditure, without significant changes in food intake or physical activity. The obesity phenotype is associated with adipocyte hypertrophy and reduced lipolysis of white adipose tissues. In addition, OGT deletion in VMH neurons down-regulates the sympathetic activity and impairs the sympathetic innervation of white adipose tissues. These findings identify OGT in the VMH as a homeostatic set point that controls body weight and underscore the importance of the VMH in regulating lipid metabolism through white adipose tissue-specific innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Bichen Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Bernardo Stutz
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Zhong-Wu Liu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tamas L. Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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da Silva RKB, de Vasconcelos DAA, da Silva AVE, da Silva RPB, de Oliveira Neto OB, Galindo LCM. Effects of maternal high-fat diet on the hypothalamic components related to food intake and energy expenditure in mice offspring. Life Sci 2022; 307:120880. [PMID: 35963301 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD) during pregnancy and lactation has been related to changes in the hypothalamic circuits involved in the regulation of food intake. Furthermore, maternal HFD during the critical period of development can alter the offspring's metabolic programming with long-term repercussions. This study systematically reviewed the effects of HFD consumption during pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and/or lactation. The main outcomes evaluated were food intake; body weight; cellular or molecular aspects of peptides and hypothalamic receptors involved in the regulation of energy balance in mice. Two independent authors performed a search in the electronic databases Medline/PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, EMBASE, SCOPUS and Sigle via Open Gray. Included were experimental studies of mice exposed to HFD during pregnancy and/or lactation that evaluated body composition, food intake, energy expenditure and hypothalamic components related to energy balance. Internal validity was assessed using the SYRCLE risk of bias. The Kappa index was measured to analyze the agreement between reviewers. The PRISMA statement was used to report this systematic review. Most studies demonstrated that there was a higher body weight, body fat deposits and food intake, as well as alterations in the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides in offspring that consumed HFD. Therefore, the maternal diet can affect the phenotype and metabolism of the offspring, in addition to harming the hypothalamic circuits and favoring the orexigenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Katiuska Bezerra da Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Diogo Antonio Alves de Vasconcelos
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil; Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Study Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Roxana Patrícia Bezerra da Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Lígia Cristina Monteiro Galindo
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil; Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil; Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Study Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
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D-Allulose cooperates with glucagon-like peptide-1 and activates proopiomelanocortin neurons in the arcuate nucleus and central injection inhibits feeding in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 613:159-165. [PMID: 35561584 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A rare sugar D-Allulose has sweetness without calorie. Previous studies have shown that D-Allulose improves glucose and energy metabolism and ameliorates obesity. However, underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study explored the effect of central injection of D-Allulose on feeding behavior in mice. We also examined direct effects of D-Allulose on the neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) that regulate feeding, including the anorexigenic glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-responsive neurons and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. Single neurons were isolated from ARC and cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was measured by fura-2 microfluorometry. Administration of D-Allulose at 5.6, 16.7 and 56 mM concentration-dependently increased [Ca2+]i in ARC neurons. The [Ca2+]i increases took place similarly when the osmolarity of superfusion solution was kept constant. The majority (40%) of the D-Allulose-responsive neurons also responded to GLP-1 with [Ca2+]i increases. D-Allulose increased [Ca2+]i in 33% of POMC neurons in ARC. D-Allulose potentiated the GLP-1 action to increase [Ca2+]i in ARC neurons including POMC neurons. Intracerebroventricular injection of D-Allulose significantly decreased food intake at 1 and 2 h after injection. These results demonstrate that D-Allulose cooperates with glucagon-like peptide-1 and activates the ARC neurons including POMC neurons. Furthermore, central injection of D-Allulose inhibits feeding. These central actions of D-Allulose may underlie the ability of D-Allulose to counteract obesity and diabetes.
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Piper NBC, Whitfield EA, Stewart GD, Xu X, Furness SGB. Targeting appetite and satiety in diabetes and obesity, via G protein-coupled receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115115. [PMID: 35671790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes and obesity have reached pandemic proportions throughout the world, so much so that the World Health Organisation coined the term "Globesity" to help encapsulate the magnitude of the problem. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are highly tractable drug targets due to their wide involvement in all aspects of physiology and pathophysiology, indeed, GPCRs are the targets of approximately 30% of the currently approved drugs. GPCRs are also broadly involved in key physiologies that underlie type 2 diabetes and obesity including feeding reward, appetite and satiety, regulation of blood glucose levels, energy homeostasis and adipose function. Despite this, only two GPCRs are the target of approved pharmaceuticals for treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. In this review we discuss the role of these, and select other candidate GPCRs, involved in various facets of type 2 diabetic or obese pathophysiology, how they might be targeted and the potential reasons why pharmaceuticals against these targets have not progressed to clinical use. Finally, we provide a perspective on the current development pipeline of anti-obesity drugs that target GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah B C Piper
- Receptor Transducer Coupling Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Emily A Whitfield
- Receptor Transducer Coupling Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Gregory D Stewart
- Drug Discovery Biology Laboratory, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Pharmacology Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Xiaomeng Xu
- Drug Discovery Biology Laboratory, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Pharmacology Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Sebastian G B Furness
- Receptor Transducer Coupling Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Drug Discovery Biology Laboratory, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Pharmacology Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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50
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Stamou MI, Chen C, Wander SA, Supko JG, Juric D, Bardia A, Wexler DJ. Severe Lactic Acidosis Complicated by Insulin-Resistant Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome in a Patient With Metastatic Breast Cancer Undergoing AKT-Inhibitor Therapy. JCO Precis Oncol 2022; 6:e2100428. [PMID: 35700410 PMCID: PMC9384915 DOI: 10.1200/po.21.00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria I. Stamou
- Endocrine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Christopher Chen
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine,Palo Alto, CA
| | - Seth A. Wander
- Division of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jeffrey G. Supko
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Dejan Juric
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Aditya Bardia
- Division of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Deborah J. Wexler
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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