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Jiao H, Kalsbeek A, Yi CX. Microglia, circadian rhythm and lifestyle factors. Neuropharmacology 2024; 257:110029. [PMID: 38852838 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Microglia, a vital homeostasis-keeper of the central nervous system, perform critical functions such as synaptic pruning, clearance of cellular debris, and participation in neuroinflammatory processes. Recent research has shown that microglia exhibit strong circadian rhythms that not only actively regulate their own immune activity, but also affect neuronal function. Disruptions of the circadian clock have been linked to a higher risk of developing a variety of diseases. In this article we will provide an overview of how lifestyle factors impact microglial function, with a focus on disruptions caused by irregular sleep-wake patterns, reduced physical activity, and eating at the wrong time-of-day. We will also discuss the potential connection between these lifestyle factors, disrupted circadian rhythms, and the role of microglia in keeping brain health. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Microglia".
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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2
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Cutugno G, Kyriakidou E, Nadjar A. Rethinking the role of microglia in obesity. Neuropharmacology 2024; 253:109951. [PMID: 38615749 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Microglia are the macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), implying their role in maintaining brain homeostasis. To achieve this, these cells are sensitive to a plethora of endogenous and exogenous signals, such as neuronal activity, cellular debris, hormones, and pathological patterns, among many others. More recent research suggests that microglia are highly responsive to nutrients and dietary variations. In this context, numerous studies have demonstrated their significant role in the development of obesity under calorie surfeit. Because many reviews already exist on this topic, we have chosen to present the state of our reflections on various concepts put forth in the literature, bringing a new perspective whenever possible. Our literature review focuses on studies conducted in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, a key structure in the control of food intake. Specifically, we present the recent data available on the modifications of microglial energy metabolism following the consumption of an obesogenic diet and their consequences on hypothalamic neuron activity. We also highlight the studies unraveling the mechanisms underlying obesity-related sexual dimorphism. The review concludes with a list of questions that remain to be addressed in the field to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the role of microglia in the regulation of body energy metabolism. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Microglia".
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cutugno
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
| | - E Kyriakidou
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Nadjar
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France.
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3
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Le Thuc O, García-Cáceres C. Obesity-induced inflammation: connecting the periphery to the brain. Nat Metab 2024; 6:1237-1252. [PMID: 38997442 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is often associated with a chronic, low-grade inflammatory state affecting the entire body. This sustained inflammatory state disrupts the coordinated communication between the periphery and the brain, which has a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis through humoural, nutrient-mediated, immune and nervous signalling pathways. The inflammatory changes induced by obesity specifically affect communication interfaces, including the blood-brain barrier, glymphatic system and meninges. Consequently, brain areas near the third ventricle, including the hypothalamus and other cognition-relevant regions, become susceptible to impairments, resulting in energy homeostasis dysregulation and an elevated risk of cognitive impairments such as Alzheimer's disease and dementia. This Review explores the intricate communication between the brain and the periphery, highlighting the effect of obesity-induced inflammation on brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélia Le Thuc
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cristina García-Cáceres
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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4
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Regina-Ferreira L, Valdivieso-Rivera F, Angelim MKSC, Menezes Dos Reis L, Furino VO, Morari J, Maia de Sousa L, Consonni SR, Sponton CH, Moraes-Vieira PM, Velloso LA. Inhibition of Crif1 protects fatty acid-induced POMC neuron-like cell-line damage by increasing CPT-1 function. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E681-E695. [PMID: 38597829 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00420.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons are sensors of signals that reflect the energy stored in the body. Inducing mild stress in proopiomelanocortin neurons protects them from the damage promoted by the consumption of a high-fat diet, mitigating the development of obesity; however, the cellular mechanisms behind these effects are unknown. Here, we induced mild stress in a proopiomelanocortin neuron cell line by inhibiting Crif1. In proopiomelanocortin neurons exposed to high levels of palmitate, the partial inhibition of Crif1 reverted the defects in mitochondrial respiration and ATP production; this was accompanied by improved mitochondrial fusion/fission cycling. Furthermore, the partial inhibition of Crif1 resulted in increased reactive oxygen species production, increased fatty acid oxidation, and reduced dependency on glucose for mitochondrial respiration. These changes were dependent on the activity of CPT-1. Thus, we identified a CPT-1-dependent metabolic shift toward greater utilization of fatty acids as substrates for respiration as the mechanism behind the protective effect of mild stress against palmitate-induced damage of proopiomelanocortin neurons.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Saturated fats can damage hypothalamic neurons resulting in positive energy balance, and this is mitigated by mild cellular stress; however, the mechanisms behind this protective effect are unknown. Using a proopiomelanocortin cell line, we show that under exposure to a high concentration of palmitate, the partial inhibition of the mitochondrial protein Crif1 results in protection due to a metabolic shift warranted by the increased expression and activity of the mitochondrial fatty acid transporter CPT-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Valdivieso-Rivera
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology (IB), University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monara K S C Angelim
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Menezes Dos Reis
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Joseane Morari
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lizandra Maia de Sousa
- Laboratory of Cytochemistry and Immunocytochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology (IB), University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sílvio Roberto Consonni
- Laboratory of Cytochemistry and Immunocytochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology (IB), University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos H Sponton
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology (IB), University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Moraes-Vieira
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lício A Velloso
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, São Paulo, Brazil
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5
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Logesh R, Hari B, Chidambaram K, Das N. Molecular effects of Vitamin-D and PUFAs metabolism in skeletal muscle combating Type-II diabetes mellitus. Gene 2024; 904:148216. [PMID: 38307219 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Multiple post-receptor intracellular alterations such as impaired glucose transfer, glucose phosphorylation, decreased glucose oxidation, and glycogen production contribute to insulin resistance (IR) in skeletal muscle, manifested by diminished insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Type-2 diabetes mellites (T2DM) has caused by IR, which is also seen in obese patients and those with metabolic syndrome. The Vitamin-D receptor (VDR) and poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) roles in skeletal muscle growth, shapes, and function for combating type-2 diabetes have been clarified throughout this research. VDR and PUFAs appears to show a variety of effects on skeletal muscle, in addition it shows a promising role on bone and mineral homeostasis. Individuals having T2DM are reported to suffer from severe muscular weakness and alterations in shape of the muscle. Several studies have investigated the effect on VDR on muscular strength and mass, which leads to Vitamin-D deficiency (VDD) in individuals, in which most commonly seen in elderly. VDR has been shown to affect skeletal cellular proliferation, intracellular calcium handling, as well as genomic activity in a variety of different ways such as muscle metabolism, insulin sensitivity, which is the major characteristic pathogenesis for IR in combating T2DM. The identified VDR gene polymorphisms are ApaI, TaqI, FokI, and BsmI that are associated with T2DM. This review collates informations on the mechanisms by which VDR activation takes place in skeletal muscles. Despite the significant breakthroughs made in recent decades, various studies show that IR affects VDR and PUFAs metabolism in skeletal muscle. Therefore, this review collates the data to show the role of VDR and PUFAs in the skeletal muscles to combat T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Logesh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Karnataka, India.
| | - Balaji Hari
- TIFAC CORE in Herbal Drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, JSS College of Pharmacy, The Nilgiris, Ooty 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumarappan Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Al-Qara, Asir Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niranjan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar College, Belonia 799155, Tripura, India
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6
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Drougard A, Ma EH, Wegert V, Sheldon R, Panzeri I, Vatsa N, Apostle S, Fagnocchi L, Schaf J, Gossens K, Völker J, Pang S, Bremser A, Dror E, Giacona F, Sagar, Henderson MX, Prinz M, Jones RG, Pospisilik JA. An acute microglial metabolic response controls metabolism and improves memory. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.04.03.535373. [PMID: 37066282 PMCID: PMC10103996 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.03.535373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Chronic high-fat feeding triggers chronic metabolic dysfunction including obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. How high-fat intake first triggers these pathophysiological states remains unknown. Here, we identify an acute microglial metabolic response that rapidly translates intake of high-fat diet (HFD) to a surprisingly beneficial effect on metabolism and spatial / learning memory. High-fat intake rapidly increases palmitate levels in cerebrospinal fluid and triggers a wave of microglial metabolic activation characterized by mitochondrial membrane activation and fission as well as metabolic skewing towards aerobic glycolysis. These effects are detectable throughout the brain and can be detected within as little as 12 hours of HFD exposure. In vivo, microglial ablation and conditional DRP1 deletion show that the microglial metabolic response is necessary for the acute effects of HFD. 13C-tracing experiments reveal that in addition to processing via β-oxidation, microglia shunt a substantial fraction of palmitate towards anaplerosis and re-release of bioenergetic carbons into the extracellular milieu in the form of lactate, glutamate, succinate, and intriguingly, the neuro-protective metabolite itaconate. Together, these data identify microglia as a critical nutrient regulatory node in the brain, metabolizing away harmful fatty acids and releasing the same carbons as alternate bioenergetic and protective substrates for surrounding cells. The data identify a surprisingly beneficial effect of short-term HFD on learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Drougard
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave, 49503, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eric H Ma
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave, 49503, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Vanessa Wegert
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave, 49503, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ryan Sheldon
- Metabolomics and Bioenergetics Core, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave, 49503, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Ilaria Panzeri
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave, 49503, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Naman Vatsa
- Department of Neurodegenerative Sciences, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave, 49503, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Stefanos Apostle
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave, 49503, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Luca Fagnocchi
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave, 49503, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Judith Schaf
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Gossens
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Josephine Völker
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Shengru Pang
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna Bremser
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Erez Dror
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Francesca Giacona
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave, 49503, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Sagar
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael X Henderson
- Department of Neurodegenerative Sciences, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave, 49503, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for NeuroModulation (NeuroModBasics), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Russell G Jones
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave, 49503, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - J. Andrew Pospisilik
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave, 49503, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
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7
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Correa-da-Silva F, Carter J, Wang XY, Sun R, Pathak E, Kuhn JMM, Schriever SC, Maya-Monteiro CM, Jiao H, Kalsbeek MJ, Moraes-Vieira PMM, Gille JJP, Sinnema M, Stumpel CTRM, Curfs LMG, Stenvers DJ, Pfluger PT, Lutter D, Pereira AM, Kalsbeek A, Fliers E, Swaab DF, Wilkinson L, Gao Y, Yi CX. Microglial phagolysosome dysfunction and altered neural communication amplify phenotypic severity in Prader-Willi Syndrome with larger deletion. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:64. [PMID: 38556574 PMCID: PMC10982101 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02714-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder of genetic etiology, characterized by paternal deletion of genes located at chromosome 15 in 70% of cases. Two distinct genetic subtypes of PWS deletions are characterized, where type I (PWS T1) carries four extra haploinsufficient genes compared to type II (PWS T2). PWS T1 individuals display more pronounced physiological and cognitive abnormalities than PWS T2, yet the exact neuropathological mechanisms behind these differences remain unclear. Our study employed postmortem hypothalamic tissues from PWS T1 and T2 individuals, conducting transcriptomic analyses and cell-specific protein profiling in white matter, neurons, and glial cells to unravel the cellular and molecular basis of phenotypic severity in PWS sub-genotypes. In PWS T1, key pathways for cell structure, integrity, and neuronal communication are notably diminished, while glymphatic system activity is heightened compared to PWS T2. The microglial defect in PWS T1 appears to stem from gene haploinsufficiency, as global and myeloid-specific Cyfip1 haploinsufficiency in murine models demonstrated. Our findings emphasize microglial phagolysosome dysfunction and altered neural communication as crucial contributors to the severity of PWS T1's phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Correa-da-Silva
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC. University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny Carter
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetic and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Xin-Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ekta Pathak
- Computational Discovery Unit, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit NeuroBiology of Diabetes, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - José Manuel Monroy Kuhn
- Computational Discovery Unit, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sonja C Schriever
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit NeuroBiology of Diabetes, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Clarissa M Maya-Monteiro
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC. University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Han Jiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC. University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC. University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro M M Moraes-Vieira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Johan J P Gille
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUMC. University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margje Sinnema
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Constance T R M Stumpel
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Leopold M G Curfs
- Governor Kremers Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Jan Stenvers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC. University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul T Pfluger
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit NeuroBiology of Diabetes, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Neurobiology of Diabetes, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Lutter
- Computational Discovery Unit, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alberto M Pereira
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC. University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC. University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC. University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick F Swaab
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lawrence Wilkinson
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetic and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Yuanqing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC. University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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8
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Salvi J, Andreoletti P, Audinat E, Balland E, Ben Fradj S, Cherkaoui-Malki M, Heurtaux T, Liénard F, Nédélec E, Rovère C, Savary S, Véjux A, Trompier D, Benani A. Microgliosis: a double-edged sword in the control of food intake. FEBS J 2024; 291:615-631. [PMID: 35880408 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining energy balance is essential for survival and health. This physiological function is controlled by the brain, which adapts food intake to energy needs. Indeed, the brain constantly receives a multitude of biological signals that are derived from digested foods or that originate from the gastrointestinal tract, energy stores (liver and adipose tissues) and other metabolically active organs (muscles). These signals, which include circulating nutrients, hormones and neuronal inputs from the periphery, collectively provide information on the overall energy status of the body. In the brain, several neuronal populations can specifically detect these signals. Nutrient-sensing neurons are found in discrete brain areas and are highly enriched in the hypothalamus. In turn, specialized brain circuits coordinate homeostatic responses acting mainly on appetite, peripheral metabolism, activity and arousal. Accumulating evidence shows that hypothalamic microglial cells located at the vicinity of these circuits can influence the brain control of energy balance. However, microglial cells could have opposite effects on energy balance, that is homeostatic or detrimental, and the conditions for this shift are not totally understood yet. One hypothesis relies on the extent of microglial activation, and nutritional lipids can considerably change it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Salvi
- CSGA, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Andreoletti
- Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Etienne Audinat
- IGF, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Eglantine Balland
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, Australia
| | - Selma Ben Fradj
- IPMC, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | | | - Tony Heurtaux
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Fabienne Liénard
- CSGA, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Nédélec
- CSGA, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Carole Rovère
- IPMC, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Stéphane Savary
- Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Anne Véjux
- Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Doriane Trompier
- Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Alexandre Benani
- CSGA, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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9
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Kim JD, Copperi F, Diano S. Microglia in Central Control of Metabolism. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 37962895 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00021.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond their role as brain immune cells, microglia act as metabolic sensors in response to changes in nutrient availability, thus playing a role in energy homeostasis. This review highlights the evidence and challenges of studying the role of microglia in metabolism regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Dae Kim
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Francesca Copperi
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Sabrina Diano
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
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10
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Ullah R, Shen Y, Zhou YD, Fu J. Perinatal metabolic inflammation in the hypothalamus impairs the development of homeostatic feeding circuitry. Metabolism 2023; 147:155677. [PMID: 37543245 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, there has been a global increase in childhood obesity. This rise in childhood obesity contributes to the susceptibility of impaired metabolism during both childhood and adulthood. The hypothalamus, specifically the arcuate nucleus (ARC), houses crucial neurons involved in regulating homeostatic feeding. These neurons include proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and agouti-related peptide (AGRP) secreting neurons. They play a vital role in sensing nutrients and metabolic hormones like insulin, leptin, and ghrelin. The neurogenesis of AGRP and POMC neurons completes at birth; however, axon development and synapse formation occur during the postnatal stages in rodents. Insulin, leptin, and ghrelin are the essential regulators of POMC and AGRP neurons. Maternal obesity and postnatal overfeeding or a high-fat diet (HFD) feeding cause metabolic inflammation, disrupted signaling of metabolic hormones, netrin-1, and neurogenic factors, neonatal obesity, and defective neuronal development in animal models; however, the mechanism is unclear. Within the hypothalamus and other brain areas, there exists a wide range of interconnected neuronal populations that regulate various aspects of feeding. However, this review aims to discuss how perinatal metabolic inflammation influences the development of POMC and AGRP neurons within the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Ullah
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, China; Institute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Institute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yu-Dong Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Junfen Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, China.
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11
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Douglass JD, Ness KM, Valdearcos M, Wyse-Jackson A, Dorfman MD, Frey JM, Fasnacht RD, Santiago OD, Niraula A, Banerjee J, Robblee M, Koliwad SK, Thaler JP. Obesity-associated microglial inflammatory activation paradoxically improves glucose tolerance. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1613-1629.e8. [PMID: 37572666 PMCID: PMC10528677 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Hypothalamic gliosis associated with high-fat diet (HFD) feeding increases susceptibility to hyperphagia and weight gain. However, the body-weight-independent contribution of microglia to glucose regulation has not been determined. Here, we show that reducing microglial nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling via cell-specific IKKβ deletion exacerbates HFD-induced glucose intolerance despite reducing body weight and adiposity. Conversely, two genetic approaches to increase microglial pro-inflammatory signaling (deletion of an NF-κB pathway inhibitor and chemogenetic activation through a modified Gq-coupled muscarinic receptor) improved glucose tolerance independently of diet in both lean and obese rodents. Microglial regulation of glucose homeostasis involves a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-dependent mechanism that increases activation of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and other hypothalamic glucose-sensing neurons, ultimately leading to a marked amplification of first-phase insulin secretion via a parasympathetic pathway. Overall, these data indicate that microglia regulate glucose homeostasis in a body-weight-independent manner, an unexpected mechanism that limits the deterioration of glucose tolerance associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Douglass
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kelly M Ness
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Martin Valdearcos
- The Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alice Wyse-Jackson
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Mauricio D Dorfman
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jeremy M Frey
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rachael D Fasnacht
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Olivia D Santiago
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Anzela Niraula
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jineta Banerjee
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Megan Robblee
- The Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Suneil K Koliwad
- The Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Joshua P Thaler
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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12
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Romanova IV, Mikhailova EV, Mikhrina AL, Shpakov AO. Type 1 melanocortin receptors in pro-opiomelanocortin-, vasopressin-, and oxytocin-immunopositive neurons in different areas of mouse brain. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:2388-2399. [PMID: 35475324 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Information on the localization of the Type 1 melanocortin receptors (MC1Rs) in different regions of the brain is very scarce. As a result, the role of MC1Rs in the functioning of brain neurons and in the central regulation of physiological functions has not been studied. This work aimed to study the expression and distribution of MС1Rs in different brain areas of female C57Bl/6J mice. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction, we demonstrated the Mс1R gene expression in the cerebral cortex, midbrain, hypothalamus, medulla oblongata, and hippocampus. Using an immunohistochemical approach, we showed the MС1R localization in neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate, paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei, nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), dorsal hippocampus, substantia nigra, and cerebral cortex. Using double immunolabeling, the MC1Rs were visualized on the surface and in the bodies and outgrowths of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-immunopositive neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, NTS, hippocampal CA3 and CA1 regions, and cerebral cortex. Co-localization with POMC indicates that MC1R, like MC3R, is able to function as an autoreceptor. In the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei, MC1Rs were visualized on the surface and in the cell bodies of vasopressin- and oxytocin-immunopositive neurons, indicating a relationship between hypothalamic MC1R signaling and vasopressin and oxytocin production. The data obtained indicate a wide distribution of MC1Rs in different areas of the mouse brain and their localization in POMC-, vasopressin- and oxytocin-immunopositive neurons, which may indicate the participation of MC1Rs in the control of many physiological processes in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Romanova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena V Mikhailova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasiya L Mikhrina
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander O Shpakov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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13
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Mukherjee S, Skrede S, Haugstøyl M, López M, Fernø J. Peripheral and central macrophages in obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1232171. [PMID: 37720534 PMCID: PMC10501731 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1232171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation. Excessive nutrient intake causes adipose tissue expansion, which may in turn cause cellular stress that triggers infiltration of pro-inflammatory immune cells from the circulation as well as activation of cells that are residing in the adipose tissue. In particular, the adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are important in the pathogenesis of obesity. A pro-inflammatory activation is also found in other organs which are important for energy metabolism, such as the liver, muscle and the pancreas, which may stimulate the development of obesity-related co-morbidities, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Interestingly, it is now clear that obesity-induced pro-inflammatory signaling also occurs in the central nervous system (CNS), and that pro-inflammatory activation of immune cells in the brain may be involved in appetite dysregulation and metabolic disturbances in obesity. More recently, it has become evident that microglia, the resident macrophages of the CNS that drive neuroinflammation, may also be activated in obesity and can be relevant for regulation of hypothalamic feeding circuits. In this review, we focus on the action of peripheral and central macrophages and their potential roles in metabolic disease, and how macrophages interact with other immune cells to promote inflammation during obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayani Mukherjee
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Silje Skrede
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Martha Haugstøyl
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Miguel López
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Johan Fernø
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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14
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Correa-da-Silva F, Kalsbeek MJ, Gadella FS, Oppersma J, Jiang W, Wolff SEC, Korpel NL, Swaab DF, Fliers E, Kalsbeek A, Yi CX. Reduction of oxytocin-containing neurons and enhanced glymphatic activity in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:107. [PMID: 37400893 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01606-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence from animal experiments has shown that the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) plays a key role in regulating body weight and blood glucose levels. However, it is unclear whether neuron populations in the human PVN are involved in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To address this, we investigated the neuronal and glial populations in the PVN of 26 T2DM patients and 20 matched controls. Our findings revealed a significant reduction in oxytocin (Oxt) neuron density in the PVN of T2DM patients compared to controls, while other neuronal populations remained unchanged. This suggests that Oxt neurons may play a specific role in the pathophysiology of T2DM. Interestingly, the reduction in Oxt neurons was accompanied by a decreased melanocortinergic input in to the PVN as reflected by a reduction in alpha-MSH immunoreactivity. We also analysed two glial cell populations, as they are important for maintaining a healthy neural microenvironment. We found that microglial density, phagocytic capacity, and their proximity to neurons were not altered in T2DM patients, indicating that the loss of Oxt neurons is independent of changes in microglial immunity. However, we did observe a reduction in the number of astrocytes, which are crucial for providing trophic support to local neurons. Moreover, a specific subpopulation of astrocytes characterized by aquaporin 4 expression was overrepresented in T2DM patients. Since this subset of astrocytes is linked to the glymphatic system, their overrepresentation might point to alterations in the hypothalamic waste clearance system in T2DM. Our study shows selective loss of Oxt neurons in the PVN of T2DM individuals in association with astrocytic reduction and gliovascular remodelling. Therefore, hypothalamic Oxt neurons may represent a potential target for T2DM treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Correa-da-Silva
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke S Gadella
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jorn Oppersma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Samantha E C Wolff
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nikita L Korpel
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick F Swaab
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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15
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Brécier A, Li VW, Smith CS, Halievski K, Ghasemlou N. Circadian rhythms and glial cells of the central nervous system. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:520-539. [PMID: 36352529 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Glial cells are the most abundant cells in the central nervous system and play crucial roles in neural development, homeostasis, immunity, and conductivity. Over the past few decades, glial cell activity in mammals has been linked to circadian rhythms, the 24-h chronobiological clocks that regulate many physiological processes. Indeed, glial cells rhythmically express clock genes that cell-autonomously regulate glial function. In addition, recent findings in rodents have revealed that disruption of the glial molecular clock could impact the entire organism. In this review, we discuss the impact of circadian rhythms on the function of the three major glial cell types - astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes - across different locations within the central nervous system. We also review recent evidence uncovering the impact of glial cells on the body's circadian rhythm. Together, this sheds new light on the involvement of glial clock machinery in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Brécier
- Pain Chronobiology & Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Queen's University, Botterell Hall, room 754, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Vina W Li
- Pain Chronobiology & Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Queen's University, Botterell Hall, room 754, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Chloé S Smith
- Pain Chronobiology & Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Queen's University, Botterell Hall, room 754, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Katherine Halievski
- Pain Chronobiology & Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Queen's University, Botterell Hall, room 754, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Nader Ghasemlou
- Pain Chronobiology & Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Queen's University, Botterell Hall, room 754, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, 76 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 2V7, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
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16
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Davanzo GG, Castro G, Monteiro LDB, Castelucci BG, Jaccomo VH, da Silva FC, Marques AM, Francelin C, de Campos BB, de Aguiar CF, Joazeiro PP, Consonni SR, Farias ADS, Moraes-Vieira PM. Obesity increases blood-brain barrier permeability and aggravates the mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 72:104605. [PMID: 36907120 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-induced insulin resistance (OIR) has been associated with an increased prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders such as multiple sclerosis. Obesity results in increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, specifically in the hypothalamic regions associated with the control of caloric intake. In obesity, the chronic state of low-grade inflammation has been implicated in several chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorders. However, the mechanisms that connect the inflammatory profile of obesity with the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) are poorly defined. In this study, we show that obese mice are more susceptible to EAE, presenting a worse clinical score with more severe pathological changes in the spinal cord when compared with control mice. Analysis of immune infiltrates at the peak of the disease shows that high-fat diet (HFD)- and control (chow)-fed groups do not present any difference in innate or adaptive immune cell compartments, indicating the increased severity occurs prior to disease onset. In the setting of worsening EAE in HFD-fed mice, we observed spinal cord lesions in myelinated regions and (blood brain barrier) BBB disruption. We also found higher levels of pro-inflammatory monocytes, macrophages, and IFN-γ+CD4+ T cells in the HFD-fed group compared to chow-fed animals. Altogether, our results indicate that OIR promotes BBB disruption, allowing the infiltration of monocytes/macrophages and activation of resident microglia, ultimately promoting CNS inflammation and exacerbation of EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Gastão Davanzo
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Castro
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Lauar de Brito Monteiro
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Gazieri Castelucci
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Cytochemistry and Immunocytochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Vitor Hugo Jaccomo
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Corrêa da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Marques
- Autoimmune Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carolina Francelin
- Autoimmune Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Bruna Bueno de Campos
- Autoimmune Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Cristhiane Fávero de Aguiar
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Pinto Joazeiro
- Laboratory of Cytochemistry and Immunocytochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sílvio Roberto Consonni
- Laboratory of Cytochemistry and Immunocytochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Dos Santos Farias
- Autoimmune Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil; Experimental Medicine Research Cluster, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Moraes-Vieira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, SP, Brazil; Experimental Medicine Research Cluster, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
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17
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Vargas-Soria M, García-Alloza M, Corraliza-Gómez M. Effects of diabetes on microglial physiology: a systematic review of in vitro, preclinical and clinical studies. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:57. [PMID: 36869375 PMCID: PMC9983227 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02740-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous chronic metabolic disorder characterized by the presence of hyperglycemia, commonly preceded by a prediabetic state. The excess of blood glucose can damage multiple organs, including the brain. In fact, cognitive decline and dementia are increasingly being recognized as important comorbidities of diabetes. Despite the largely consistent link between diabetes and dementia, the underlying causes of neurodegeneration in diabetic patients remain to be elucidated. A common factor for almost all neurological disorders is neuroinflammation, a complex inflammatory process in the central nervous system for the most part orchestrated by microglial cells, the main representatives of the immune system in the brain. In this context, our research question aimed to understand how diabetes affects brain and/or retinal microglia physiology. We conducted a systematic search in PubMed and Web of Science to identify research items addressing the effects of diabetes on microglial phenotypic modulation, including critical neuroinflammatory mediators and their pathways. The literature search yielded 1327 records, including 18 patents. Based on the title and abstracts, 830 papers were screened from which 250 primary research papers met the eligibility criteria (original research articles with patients or with a strict diabetes model without comorbidities, that included direct data about microglia in the brain or retina), and 17 additional research papers were included through forward and backward citations, resulting in a total of 267 primary research articles included in the scoping systematic review. We reviewed all primary publications investigating the effects of diabetes and/or its main pathophysiological traits on microglia, including in vitro studies, preclinical models of diabetes and clinical studies on diabetic patients. Although a strict classification of microglia remains elusive given their capacity to adapt to the environment and their morphological, ultrastructural and molecular dynamism, diabetes modulates microglial phenotypic states, triggering specific responses that include upregulation of activity markers (such as Iba1, CD11b, CD68, MHC-II and F4/80), morphological shift to amoeboid shape, secretion of a wide variety of cytokines and chemokines, metabolic reprogramming and generalized increase of oxidative stress. Pathways commonly activated by diabetes-related conditions include NF-κB, NLRP3 inflammasome, fractalkine/CX3CR1, MAPKs, AGEs/RAGE and Akt/mTOR. Altogether, the detailed portrait of complex interactions between diabetes and microglia physiology presented here can be regarded as an important starting point for future research focused on the microglia-metabolism interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Vargas-Soria
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Mónica García-Alloza
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Miriam Corraliza-Gómez
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain.
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18
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Sonnefeld L, Rohmann N, Geisler C, Laudes M. Is human obesity an inflammatory disease of the hypothalamus? Eur J Endocrinol 2023; 188:R37-R45. [PMID: 36883605 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and its comorbidities are long-standing, challenging global health problems. Lack of exercise, overnutrition, and especially the consumption of fat-rich foods are some of the most important factors leading to an increase in prevalence in modern society. The pathophysiology of obesity as a metabolic inflammatory disease has moved into focus since new therapeutic approaches are required. The hypothalamus, a brain area responsible for energy homeostasis, has recently received special attention in this regard. Hypothalamic inflammation was identified to be associated with diet-induced obesity and new evidence suggests that it may be, beyond that, a pathological mechanism of the disease. This inflammation impairs the local signaling of insulin and leptin leading to dysfunction of the regulation of energy balance and thus, weight gain. After a high-fat diet consumption, activation of inflammatory mediators such as the nuclear factor κB or c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway can be observed, accompanied by elevated secretion of pro-inflammatory interleukins and cytokines. Brain resident glia cells, especially microglia and astrocytes, initiate this release in response to the flux of fatty acids. The gliosis occurs rapidly before the actual weight gain. Dysregulated hypothalamic circuits change the interaction between neuronal and non-neuronal cells, contributing to the establishment of inflammatory processes. Several studies have reported reactive gliosis in obese humans. Although there is evidence for a causative role of hypothalamic inflammation in the obesity development, data on underlying molecular pathways in humans are limited. This review discusses the current state of knowledge on the relationship between hypothalamic inflammation and obesity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Sonnefeld
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Nathalie Rohmann
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Corinna Geisler
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine 1, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
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Niraula A, Fasnacht RD, Ness KM, Frey JM, Cuschieri SA, Dorfman MD, Thaler JP. Prostaglandin PGE2 Receptor EP4 Regulates Microglial Phagocytosis and Increases Susceptibility to Diet-Induced Obesity. Diabetes 2023; 72:233-244. [PMID: 36318114 PMCID: PMC10090268 DOI: 10.2337/db21-1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In rodents, susceptibility to diet-induced obesity requires microglial activation, but the molecular components of this pathway remain incompletely defined. Prostaglandin PGE2 levels increase in the mediobasal hypothalamus during high-fat-diet (HFD) feeding, and the PGE2 receptor EP4 regulates microglial activation state and phagocytic activity, suggesting a potential role for microglial EP4 signaling in obesity pathogenesis. To test the role of microglial EP4 in energy balance regulation, we analyzed the metabolic phenotype in a microglia-specific EP4 knockout (MG-EP4 KO) mouse model. Microglial EP4 deletion markedly reduced weight gain and food intake in response to HFD feeding. Corresponding with this lean phenotype, insulin sensitivity was also improved in HFD-fed MG-EP4 KO mice, though glucose tolerance remained surprisingly unaffected. Mechanistically, EP4-deficient microglia showed an attenuated phagocytic state marked by reduced CD68 expression and fewer contacts with pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neuron processes. These cellular changes observed in the MG-EP4 KO mice corresponded with an increased density of POMC neurites extending into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). These findings reveal that microglial EP4 signaling promotes body weight gain and insulin resistance during HFD feeding. Furthermore, the data suggest that curbing microglial phagocytic function may preserve POMC cytoarchitecture and PVN input to limit overconsumption during diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzela Niraula
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Rachael D. Fasnacht
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Kelly M. Ness
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jeremy M. Frey
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Sophia A. Cuschieri
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Mauricio D. Dorfman
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Joshua P. Thaler
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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20
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Guzmán-Ruiz MA, Guerrero-Vargas NN, Lagunes-Cruz A, González-González S, García-Aviles JE, Hurtado-Alvarado G, Mendez-Hernández R, Chavarría-Krauser A, Morin JP, Arriaga-Avila V, Buijs RM, Guevara-Guzmán R. Circadian modulation of microglial physiological processes and immune responses. Glia 2023; 71:155-167. [PMID: 35971989 PMCID: PMC10087862 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Microglia is considered the central nervous system (CNS) resident macrophages that establish an innate immune response against pathogens and toxins. However, the recent studies have shown that microglial gene and protein expression follows a circadian pattern; several immune activation markers and clock genes are expressed rhythmically without the need for an immune stimulus. Furthermore, microglia responds to an immune challenge with different magnitudes depending on the time of the day. This review examines the circadian control of microglia function and the possible physiological implications. For example, we discuss that synaptic prune is performed in the cortex at a certain moment of the day. We also consider the implications of daily microglial function for maintaining biological rhythms like general activity, body temperature, and food intake. We conclude that the developmental stage, brain region, and pathological state are not the only factors to consider for the evaluation of microglial functions; instead, emerging evidence indicates that circadian time as an essential aspect for a better understanding of the role of microglia in CNS physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara A Guzmán-Ruiz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Natalí N Guerrero-Vargas
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Lagunes-Cruz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Shellye González-González
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Jesús Enrique García-Aviles
- Área de Neurociencias, Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México City, Mexico
| | | | - Rebeca Mendez-Hernández
- Instituto Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Anahí Chavarría-Krauser
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Jean-Pascal Morin
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Virginia Arriaga-Avila
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Ruud M Buijs
- Instituto Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Rosalinda Guevara-Guzmán
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
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21
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Zhang Y, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Zeng F, Yan S, Chen Y, Li Z, Zhou D, Liu L. The role of circadian clock in astrocytes: From cellular functions to ischemic stroke therapeutic targets. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1013027. [PMID: 36570843 PMCID: PMC9772621 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1013027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that astrocytes, the abundant cell type in the central nervous system (CNS), play a critical role in maintaining the immune response after cerebral infarction, regulating the blood-brain barrier (BBB), providing nutrients to the neurons, and reuptake of glutamate. The circadian clock is an endogenous timing system that controls and optimizes biological processes. The central circadian clock and the peripheral clock are consistent, controlled by various circadian components, and participate in the pathophysiological process of astrocytes. Existing evidence shows that circadian rhythm controls the regulation of inflammatory responses by astrocytes in ischemic stroke (IS), regulates the repair of the BBB, and plays an essential role in a series of pathological processes such as neurotoxicity and neuroprotection. In this review, we highlight the importance of astrocytes in IS and discuss the potential role of the circadian clock in influencing astrocyte pathophysiology. A comprehensive understanding of the ability of the circadian clock to regulate astrocytes after stroke will improve our ability to predict the targets and biological functions of the circadian clock and gain insight into the basis of its intervention mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,The Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- The Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,The Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fukang Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,The Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siyang Yan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Desheng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,Desheng Zhou,
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Lijuan Liu,
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22
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Chen X, Huang L, Cui L, Xiao Z, Xiong X, Chen C. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor ameliorates high fat diet-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis disorders. J Physiol 2022; 600:4549-4568. [PMID: 36048516 PMCID: PMC9826067 DOI: 10.1113/jp283259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) consumption is known to be associated with ovulatory disorders among women of reproductive age. Previous studies in animal models suggest that HFD-induced microglia activation contributes to hypothalamic inflammation. This causes the dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis, leading to subfertility. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a novel class of lipid-soluble antidiabetic drugs that target primarily the early proximal tubules in kidney. Recent evidence revealed an additional expression site of SGLT2 in the central nervous system (CNS), indicating a promising role of SGLT2 inhibitors in the CNS. In type 2 diabetes patients and rodent models, SGLT2 inhibitors exhibit neuroprotective properties through reduction of oxidative stress, alleviation of cerebral atherosclerosis and suppression of microglia-induced neuroinflammation. Furthermore, clinical observations in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) demonstrated that SGLT2 inhibitors ameliorated patient anthropometric parameters, body composition and insulin resistance. Therefore, it is of importance to explore the central mechanism of SGLT2 inhibitors in the recovery of reproductive function in patients with PCOS and obesity. Here, we review the hypothalamic inflammatory mechanisms of HFD-induced microglial activation, with a focus on the clinical utility and possible mechanism of SGLT2 inhibitors in promoting reproductive fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Chen
- Department of EndocrinologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Lili Huang
- School of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Ling Cui
- Department of Reproduction and InfertilityChengdu Women's and Children's Central HospitalSchool of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Zhuoni Xiao
- Reproductive Medical CenterRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of NeurosurgeryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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23
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Insulin and Its Key Role for Mitochondrial Function/Dysfunction and Quality Control: A Shared Link between Dysmetabolism and Neurodegeneration. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060943. [PMID: 35741464 PMCID: PMC9220302 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Insulin was discovered and isolated from the beta cells of pancreatic islets of dogs and is associated with the regulation of peripheral glucose homeostasis. Insulin produced in the brain is related to synaptic plasticity and memory. Defective insulin signaling plays a role in brain dysfunction, such as neurodegenerative disease. Growing evidence suggests a link between metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and obesity, and neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). This association is due to a common state of insulin resistance (IR) and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review takes a journey into the past to summarize what was known about the physiological and pathological role of insulin in peripheral tissues and the brain. Then, it will land in the present to analyze the insulin role on mitochondrial health and the effects on insulin resistance and neurodegenerative diseases that are IR-dependent. Specifically, we will focus our attention on the quality control of mitochondria (MQC), such as mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial biogenesis, and selective autophagy (mitophagy), in healthy and altered cases. Finally, this review will be projected toward the future by examining the most promising treatments that target the mitochondria to cure neurodegenerative diseases associated with metabolic disorders.
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24
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Banerjee J, Dorfman MD, Fasnacht R, Douglass JD, Wyse-Jackson AC, Barria A, Thaler JP. CX3CL1 Action on Microglia Protects from Diet-Induced Obesity by Restoring POMC Neuronal Excitability and Melanocortin System Activity Impaired by High-Fat Diet Feeding. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6380. [PMID: 35742824 PMCID: PMC9224384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Both hypothalamic microglial inflammation and melanocortin pathway dysfunction contribute to diet-induced obesity (DIO) pathogenesis. Previous studies involving models of altered microglial signaling demonstrate altered DIO susceptibility with corresponding POMC neuron cytological changes, suggesting a link between microglia and the melanocortin system. We addressed this hypothesis using the specific microglial silencing molecule, CX3CL1 (fractalkine), to determine whether reducing hypothalamic microglial activation can restore POMC/melanocortin signaling to protect against DIO. We performed metabolic analyses in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice with targeted viral overexpression of CX3CL1 in the hypothalamus. Electrophysiologic recording in hypothalamic slices from POMC-MAPT-GFP mice was used to determine the effects of HFD feeding and microglial silencing via minocycline or CX3CL1 on GFP-labeled POMC neurons. Finally, mice with hypothalamic overexpression of CX3CL1 received central treatment with the melanocortin receptor antagonist SHU9119 to determine whether melanocortin signaling is required for the metabolic benefits of CX3CL1. Hypothalamic overexpression of CX3CL1 increased leptin sensitivity and POMC gene expression, while reducing weight gain in animals fed an HFD. In electrophysiological recordings from hypothalamic slice preparations, HFD feeding was associated with reduced POMC neuron excitability and increased amplitude of inhibitory postsynaptic currents. Microglial silencing using minocycline or CX3CL1 treatment reversed these HFD-induced changes in POMC neuron electrophysiologic properties. Correspondingly, blockade of melanocortin receptor signaling in vivo prevented both the acute and chronic reduction in food intake and body weight mediated by CX3CL1. Our results show that suppressing microglial activation during HFD feeding reduces DIO susceptibility via a mechanism involving increased POMC neuron excitability and melanocortin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jineta Banerjee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (J.B.); (M.D.D.); (R.F.); (J.D.D.); (A.C.W.-J.)
| | - Mauricio D. Dorfman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (J.B.); (M.D.D.); (R.F.); (J.D.D.); (A.C.W.-J.)
| | - Rachael Fasnacht
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (J.B.); (M.D.D.); (R.F.); (J.D.D.); (A.C.W.-J.)
| | - John D. Douglass
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (J.B.); (M.D.D.); (R.F.); (J.D.D.); (A.C.W.-J.)
| | - Alice C. Wyse-Jackson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (J.B.); (M.D.D.); (R.F.); (J.D.D.); (A.C.W.-J.)
| | - Andres Barria
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA;
| | - Joshua P. Thaler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (J.B.); (M.D.D.); (R.F.); (J.D.D.); (A.C.W.-J.)
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Liu T, Xu Y, Yi CX, Tong Q, Cai D. The hypothalamus for whole-body physiology: from metabolism to aging. Protein Cell 2022; 13:394-421. [PMID: 33826123 PMCID: PMC9095790 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-021-00834-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and aging are two important epidemic factors for metabolic syndrome and many other health issues, which contribute to devastating diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, stroke and cancers. The brain plays a central role in controlling metabolic physiology in that it integrates information from other metabolic organs, sends regulatory projections and orchestrates the whole-body function. Emerging studies suggest that brain dysfunction in sensing various internal cues or processing external cues may have profound effects on metabolic and other physiological functions. This review highlights brain dysfunction linked to genetic mutations, sex, brain inflammation, microbiota, stress as causes for whole-body pathophysiology, arguing brain dysfunction as a root cause for the epidemic of aging and obesity-related disorders. We also speculate key issues that need to be addressed on how to reveal relevant brain dysfunction that underlines the development of these disorders and diseases in order to develop new treatment strategies against these health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiemin Liu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Human Phenome Institute, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Yong Xu
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XChildren’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Qingchun Tong
- grid.453726.10000 0004 5906 7293Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Graduate Program in Neuroscience of MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Dongsheng Cai
- grid.251993.50000000121791997Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461 USA
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Fernández‐Arjona MDM, León‐Rodríguez A, Grondona JM, López‐Ávalos MD. Long-term priming of hypothalamic microglia is associated with energy balance disturbances under diet-induced obesity. Glia 2022; 70:1734-1761. [PMID: 35603807 PMCID: PMC9540536 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of microglia to an inflammatory environment may lead to their priming and exacerbated response to future inflammatory stimuli. Here we aimed to explore hypothalamic microglia priming and its consequences on energy balance regulation. A model of intracerebroventricular administration of neuraminidase (NA, which is present in various pathogens such as influenza virus) was used to induce acute neuroinflammation. Evidences of primed microglia were observed 3 months after NA injection, namely (1) a heightened response of microglia located in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus after an in vivo inflammatory challenge (high fat diet [HFD] feeding for 10 days), and (2) an enhanced response of microglia isolated from NA‐treated mice and challenged in vitro to LPS. On the other hand, the consequences of a previous NA‐induced neuroinflammation were further evaluated in an alternative inflammatory and hypercaloric scenario, such as the obesity generated by continued HDF feeding. Compared with sham‐injected mice, NA‐treated mice showed increased food intake and, surprisingly, reduced body weight. Besides, NA‐treated mice had enhanced microgliosis (evidenced by increased number and reactive morphology of microglia) and a reduced population of POMC neurons in the basal hypothalamus. Thus, a single acute neuroinflammatory event may elicit a sustained state of priming in microglial cells, and in particular those located in the hypothalamus, with consequences in hypothalamic cytoarchitecture and its regulatory function upon nutritional challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Mar Fernández‐Arjona
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
- Grupo de investigación en Neuropsicofarmacología, Laboratorio de Medicina RegenerativaHospital Regional Universitario de MálagaMálagaSpain
| | - Ana León‐Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de Málaga, Campus de TeatinosMálagaSpain
| | - Jesús M. Grondona
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de Málaga, Campus de TeatinosMálagaSpain
| | - María D. López‐Ávalos
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de Málaga, Campus de TeatinosMálagaSpain
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27
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Prevot V, Sharif A. The polygamous GnRH neuron: Astrocytic and tanycytic communication with a neuroendocrine neuronal population. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13104. [PMID: 35233849 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To ensure the survival of the species, hypothalamic neuroendocrine circuits controlling fertility, which converge onto neurons producing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), must respond to fluctuating physiological conditions by undergoing rapid and reversible structural and functional changes. However, GnRH neurons do not act alone, but through reciprocal interactions with multiple hypothalamic cell populations, including several glial and endothelial cell types. For instance, it has long been known that in the hypothalamic median eminence, where GnRH axons terminate and release their neurohormone into the pituitary portal blood circulation, morphological plasticity displayed by distal processes of tanycytes modifies their relationship with adjacent neurons as well as the spatial properties of the neurohemal junction. These alterations not only regulate the capacity of GnRH neurons to release their neurohormone, but also the activation of discrete non-neuronal pathways that mediate feedback by peripheral hormones onto the hypothalamus. Additionally, a recent breakthrough has demonstrated that GnRH neurons themselves orchestrate the establishment of their neuroendocrine circuitry during postnatal development by recruiting an entourage of newborn astrocytes that escort them into adulthood and, via signalling through gliotransmitters such as prostaglandin E2, modulate their activity and GnRH release. Intriguingly, several environmental and behavioural toxins perturb these neuron-glia interactions and consequently, reproductive maturation and fertility. Deciphering the communication between GnRH neurons and other neural cell types constituting hypothalamic neuroendocrine circuits is thus critical both to understanding physiological processes such as puberty, oestrous cyclicity and aging, and to developing novel therapeutic strategies for dysfunctions of these processes, including the effects of endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Prevot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, FHU 1000 Days for Health, Lille, France
| | - Ariane Sharif
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, FHU 1000 Days for Health, Lille, France
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28
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Santos RPM, Ribeiro R, Ferreira-Vieira TH, Aires RD, de Souza JM, Oliveira BS, Lima ALD, de Oliveira ACP, Reis HJ, de Miranda AS, Vieira EML, Ribeiro FM, Vieira LB. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 knockout rescues obesity phenotype in a mouse model of Huntington's disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5621. [PMID: 35379852 PMCID: PMC8980063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08924-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity represents a global health problem and is characterized by metabolic dysfunctions and a low-grade chronic inflammatory state, which can increase the risk of comorbidities, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes and insulin resistance. Here we tested the hypothesis that the genetic deletion of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) may rescue metabolic and inflammatory features present in BACHD mice, a mouse model of Huntington's disease (HD) with an obese phenotype. For that, we crossed BACHD and mGluR5 knockout mice (mGluR5-/-) in order to obtain the following groups: Wild type (WT), mGluR5-/-, BACHD and BACHD/mGluR5-/- (double mutant mice). Our results showed that the double mutant mice present decreased body weight as compared to BACHD mice in all tested ages and reduced visceral adiposity as compared to BACHD at 6 months of age. Additionally, 12-month-old double mutant mice present increased adipose tissue levels of adiponectin, decreased leptin levels, and increased IL-10/TNF ratio as compared to BACHD mice. Taken together, our preliminary data propose that the absence of mGluR5 reduce weight gain and visceral adiposity in BACHD mice, along with a decrease in the inflammatory state in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT), which may indicate that mGluR5 may play a role in adiposity modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca P M Santos
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Ave. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Roberta Ribeiro
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Ave. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Talita H Ferreira-Vieira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
- Faculdade Sete Lagoas, Sete Lagoas, Brazil
| | - Rosaria D Aires
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Ave. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
- Faculdade Sete Lagoas, Sete Lagoas, Brazil
| | - Jessica M de Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Bruna S Oliveira
- Departamento de Morfologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Anna Luiza D Lima
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Ave. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Antônio Carlos P de Oliveira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Ave. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Helton J Reis
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Ave. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Aline S de Miranda
- Departamento de Morfologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Erica M L Vieira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Ave. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Fabiola M Ribeiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, CEP 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Luciene B Vieira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Ave. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil.
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29
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Merabet N, Lucassen PJ, Crielaard L, Stronks K, Quax R, Sloot PMA, la Fleur SE, Nicolaou M. How exposure to chronic stress contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes: A complexity science approach. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 65:100972. [PMID: 34929260 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress contributes to the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D), yet the underlying etiological mechanisms are not fully understood. Responses to stress are influenced by earlier experiences, sex, emotions and cognition, and involve a complex network of neurotransmitters and hormones, that affect multiple biological systems. In addition, the systems activated by stress can be altered by behavioral, metabolic and environmental factors. The impact of stress on metabolic health can thus be considered an emergent process, involving different types of interactions between multiple variables, that are driven by non-linear dynamics at different spatiotemporal scales. To obtain a more comprehensive picture of the links between chronic stress and T2D, we followed a complexity science approach to build a causal loop diagram (CLD) connecting the various mediators and processes involved in stress responses relevant for T2D pathogenesis. This CLD could help develop novel computational models and formulate new hypotheses regarding disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Merabet
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands; Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands; Brain Plasticity Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Loes Crielaard
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands
| | - Karien Stronks
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands; Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands
| | - Rick Quax
- Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands; Computational Science Lab, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Peter M A Sloot
- Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands; Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands; Computational Science Lab, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, the Netherlands; National Centre of Cognitive Research, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Susanne E la Fleur
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism & Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Metabolism and Reward Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Mary Nicolaou
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands; Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands.
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30
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Folick A, Cheang RT, Valdearcos M, Koliwad SK. Metabolic factors in the regulation of hypothalamic innate immune responses in obesity. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:393-402. [PMID: 35474339 PMCID: PMC9076660 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00666-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus is a central regulator of body weight and energy homeostasis. There is increasing evidence that innate immune activation in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) is a key element in the pathogenesis of diet-induced obesity. Microglia, the resident immune cells in the brain parenchyma, have been shown to play roles in diverse aspects of brain function, including circuit refinement and synaptic pruning. As such, microglia have also been implicated in the development and progression of neurological diseases. Microglia express receptors for and are responsive to a wide variety of nutritional, hormonal, and immunological signals that modulate their distinct functions across different brain regions. We showed that microglia within the MBH sense and respond to a high-fat diet and regulate the function of hypothalamic neurons to promote food intake and obesity. Neurons, glia, and immune cells within the MBH are positioned to sense and respond to circulating signals that regulate their capacity to coordinate aspects of systemic energy metabolism. Here, we review the current knowledge of how these peripheral signals modulate the innate immune response in the MBH and enable microglia to regulate metabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Folick
- Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachel T Cheang
- Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Martin Valdearcos
- Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Suneil K Koliwad
- Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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31
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Engel DF, Velloso LA. The timeline of neuronal and glial alterations in experimental obesity. Neuropharmacology 2022; 208:108983. [PMID: 35143850 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.108983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In experimental models, hypothalamic dysfunction is a key component of the pathophysiology of diet-induced obesity. Early after the introduction of a high-fat diet, neurons, microglia, astrocytes and tanycytes of the mediobasal hypothalamus undergo structural and functional changes that impact caloric intake, energy expenditure and systemic glucose tolerance. Inflammation has emerged as a central component of this response, and as in other inflammatory conditions, there is a time course of events that determine the fate of distinct cells involved in the central regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis. Here, we review the work that identified key mechanisms, cellular players and temporal features of diet-induced hypothalamic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane F Engel
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Brazil.
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32
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Vohra MS, Benchoula K, Serpell CJ, Hwa WE. AgRP/NPY and POMC neurons in the arcuate nucleus and their potential role in treatment of obesity. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 915:174611. [PMID: 34798121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major health crisis affecting over a third of the global population. This multifactorial disease is regulated via interoceptive neural circuits in the brain, whose alteration results in excessive body weight. Certain central neuronal populations in the brain are recognised as crucial nodes in energy homeostasis; in particular, the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) region contains two peptide microcircuits that control energy balance with antagonistic functions: agouti-related peptide/neuropeptide-Y (AgRP/NPY) signals hunger and stimulates food intake; and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) signals satiety and reduces food intake. These neuronal peptides levels react to energy status and integrate signals from peripheral ghrelin, leptin, and insulin to regulate feeding and energy expenditure. To manage obesity comprehensively, it is crucial to understand cellular and molecular mechanisms of information processing in ARC neurons, since these regulate energy homeostasis. Importantly, a specific strategy focusing on ARC circuits needs to be devised to assist in treating obese patients and maintaining weight loss with minimal or no side effects. The aim of this review is to elucidate the recent developments in the study of AgRP-, NPY- and POMC-producing neurons, specific to their role in controlling metabolism. The impact of ghrelin, leptin, and insulin signalling via action of these neurons is also surveyed, since they also impact energy balance through this route. Lastly, we present key proteins, targeted genes, compounds, drugs, and therapies that actively work via these neurons and could potentially be used as therapeutic targets for treating obesity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sufyan Vohra
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Khaled Benchoula
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Christopher J Serpell
- School of Physical Sciences, Ingram Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NH, United Kingdom
| | - Wong Eng Hwa
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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33
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Wang XL, Li L. Microglia Regulate Neuronal Circuits in Homeostatic and High-Fat Diet-Induced Inflammatory Conditions. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:722028. [PMID: 34720877 PMCID: PMC8549960 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.722028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are brain resident macrophages, which actively survey the surrounding microenvironment and promote tissue homeostasis under physiological conditions. During this process, microglia participate in synaptic remodeling, neurogenesis, elimination of unwanted neurons and cellular debris. The complex interplay between microglia and neurons drives the formation of functional neuronal connections and maintains an optimal neural network. However, activation of microglia induced by chronic inflammation increases synaptic phagocytosis and leads to neuronal impairment or death. Microglial dysfunction is implicated in almost all brain diseases and leads to long-lasting functional deficiency, such as hippocampus-related cognitive decline and hypothalamus-associated energy imbalance (i.e., obesity). High-fat diet (HFD) consumption triggers mediobasal hypothalamic microglial activation and inflammation. Moreover, HFD-induced inflammation results in cognitive deficits by triggering hippocampal microglial activation. Here, we have summarized the current knowledge of microglial characteristics and biological functions and also reviewed the molecular mechanism of microglia in shaping neural circuitries mainly related to cognition and energy balance in homeostatic and diet-induced inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lianjian Li
- Department of Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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34
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Wang XL, Kooijman S, Gao Y, Tzeplaeff L, Cosquer B, Milanova I, Wolff SEC, Korpel N, Champy MF, Petit-Demoulière B, Goncalves Da Cruz I, Sorg-Guss T, Rensen PCN, Cassel JC, Kalsbeek A, Boutillier AL, Yi CX. Microglia-specific knock-down of Bmal1 improves memory and protects mice from high fat diet-induced obesity. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:6336-6349. [PMID: 34050326 PMCID: PMC8760060 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01169-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Microglia play a critical role in maintaining neural function. While microglial activity follows a circadian rhythm, it is not clear how this intrinsic clock relates to their function, especially in stimulated conditions such as in the control of systemic energy homeostasis or memory formation. In this study, we found that microglia-specific knock-down of the core clock gene, Bmal1, resulted in increased microglial phagocytosis in mice subjected to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic stress and likewise among mice engaged in critical cognitive processes. Enhanced microglial phagocytosis was associated with significant retention of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-immunoreactivity in the mediobasal hypothalamus in mice on a HFD as well as the formation of mature spines in the hippocampus during the learning process. This response ultimately protected mice from HFD-induced obesity and resulted in improved performance on memory tests. We conclude that loss of the rigorous control implemented by the intrinsic clock machinery increases the extent to which microglial phagocytosis can be triggered by neighboring neurons under metabolic stress or during memory formation. Taken together, microglial responses associated with loss of Bmal1 serve to ensure a healthier microenvironment for neighboring neurons in the setting of an adaptive response. Thus, microglial Bmal1 may be an important therapeutic target for metabolic and cognitive disorders with relevance to psychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lan Wang
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Neuroscience Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Strasbourg, France
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Medicine, Divison of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yuanqing Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Tzeplaeff
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Neuroscience Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Strasbourg, France
| | - Brigitte Cosquer
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Neuroscience Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Strasbourg, France
- CNRS UMR 7364, LNCA, Strasbourg, France
| | - Irina Milanova
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Samantha E C Wolff
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nikita Korpel
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-France Champy
- PHENOMIN-ICS, Institut Clinique de la souris, CNRS, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- INSERM, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Benoit Petit-Demoulière
- PHENOMIN-ICS, Institut Clinique de la souris, CNRS, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- INSERM, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Isabelle Goncalves Da Cruz
- PHENOMIN-ICS, Institut Clinique de la souris, CNRS, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- INSERM, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tania Sorg-Guss
- PHENOMIN-ICS, Institut Clinique de la souris, CNRS, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- INSERM, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Divison of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Christophe Cassel
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Neuroscience Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Strasbourg, France
- CNRS UMR 7364, LNCA, Strasbourg, France
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Laurence Boutillier
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Neuroscience Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Strasbourg, France.
- CNRS UMR 7364, LNCA, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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35
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Moura-Assis A, Nogueira PAS, de-Lima-Junior JC, Simabuco FM, Gaspar JM, Donato Jr J, Velloso LA. TLR4-interactor with leucine-rich repeats (TRIL) is involved in diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18015. [PMID: 34504172 PMCID: PMC8429592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and high-fat diet (HFD) consumption result in hypothalamic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. While the TLR4 activation by dietary fats is a well-characterized pathway involved in the neuronal and glial inflammation, the role of its accessory proteins in diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the knockdown of TLR4-interactor with leucine-rich repeats (Tril), a functional component of TLR4, resulted in reduced hypothalamic inflammation, increased whole-body energy expenditure, improved the systemic glucose tolerance and protection from diet-induced obesity. The POMC-specific knockdown of Tril resulted in decreased body fat, decreased white adipose tissue inflammation and a trend toward increased leptin signaling in POMC neurons. Thus, Tril was identified as a new component of the complex mechanisms that promote hypothalamic dysfunction in experimental obesity and its inhibition in the hypothalamus may represent a novel target for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Moura-Assis
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Laboratory of Cell Signalling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Pedro A. S. Nogueira
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Laboratory of Cell Signalling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jose C. de-Lima-Junior
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Laboratory of Cell Signalling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernando M. Simabuco
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LABMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Joana M. Gaspar
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Laboratory of Cell Signalling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato Jr
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Licio A. Velloso
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Laboratory of Cell Signalling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil ,National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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36
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Bobbo VC, Engel DF, Jara CP, Mendes NF, Haddad-Tovolli R, Prado TP, Sidarta-Oliveira D, Morari J, Velloso LA, Araujo EP. Interleukin-6 actions in the hypothalamus protects against obesity and is involved in the regulation of neurogenesis. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:192. [PMID: 34465367 PMCID: PMC8408946 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-6 (IL6) produced in the context of exercise acts in the hypothalamus reducing obesity-associated inflammation and restoring the control of food intake and energy expenditure. In the hippocampus, some of the beneficial actions of IL6 are attributed to its neurogenesis-inducing properties. However, in the hypothalamus, the putative neurogenic actions of IL6 have never been explored, and its potential to balance energy intake can be an approach to prevent or attenuate obesity. Methods Wild-type (WT) and IL6 knockout (KO) mice were employed to study the capacity of IL6 to induce neurogenesis. We used cell labeling with Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), immunofluorescence, and real-time PCR to determine the expression of markers of neurogenesis and neurotransmitters. We prepared hypothalamic neuroprogenitor cells from KO that were treated with IL6 in order to provide an ex vivo model to further characterizing the neurogenic actions of IL6 through differentiation assays. In addition, we analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing data and determined the expression of IL6 and IL6 receptor in specific cell types of the murine hypothalamus. Results IL6 expression in the hypothalamus is low and restricted to microglia and tanycytes, whereas IL6 receptor is expressed in microglia, ependymocytes, endothelial cells, and astrocytes. Exogenous IL6 reduces diet-induced obesity. In outbred mice, obesity-resistance is accompanied by increased expression of IL6 in the hypothalamus. IL6 induces neurogenesis-related gene expression in the hypothalamus and in neuroprogenitor cells, both from WT as well as from KO mice. Conclusion IL6 induces neurogenesis-related gene expression in the hypothalamus of WT mice. In KO mice, the neurogenic actions of IL6 are preserved; however, the appearance of new fully differentiated proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons is either delayed or disturbed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02242-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa C Bobbo
- Nursing School, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Rua Cinco de Junho, 350, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, 13083-877, Brazil
| | - Daiane F Engel
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Rua Cinco de Junho, 350, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, 13083-877, Brazil
| | - Carlos Poblete Jara
- Nursing School, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Rua Cinco de Junho, 350, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, 13083-877, Brazil
| | - Natalia F Mendes
- Nursing School, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Rua Cinco de Junho, 350, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, 13083-877, Brazil
| | - Roberta Haddad-Tovolli
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Rua Cinco de Junho, 350, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, 13083-877, Brazil
| | - Thais P Prado
- Nursing School, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Rua Cinco de Junho, 350, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, 13083-877, Brazil
| | - Davi Sidarta-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Rua Cinco de Junho, 350, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, 13083-877, Brazil
| | - Joseane Morari
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Rua Cinco de Junho, 350, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, 13083-877, Brazil
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Rua Cinco de Junho, 350, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, 13083-877, Brazil
| | - Eliana P Araujo
- Nursing School, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Rua Cinco de Junho, 350, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, 13083-877, Brazil.
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Cocozza G, Garofalo S, Morotti M, Chece G, Grimaldi A, Lecce M, Scavizzi F, Menghini R, Casagrande V, Federici M, Raspa M, Wulff H, Limatola C. The feeding behaviour of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis mouse models is modulated by the Ca 2+ -activated K Ca 3.1 channels. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4891-4906. [PMID: 34411281 PMCID: PMC9293222 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients exhibit dysfunctional energy metabolism and weight loss, which is negatively correlated with survival, together with neuroinflammation. However, the possible contribution of neuroinflammation to deregulations of feeding behaviour in ALS has not been studied in detail. We here investigated if microglial KCa 3.1 is linked to hypothalamic neuroinflammation and affects feeding behaviours in ALS mouse models. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH hSOD1G93A and TDP43A315T mice were treated daily with 120 mg·kg-1 of TRAM-34 or vehicle by intraperitoneal injection from the presymptomatic until the disease onset phase. Body weight and food intake were measured weekly. The later by weighing food provided minus that left in the cage. RT-PCR and immunofluorescence analysis were used to characterize microglia phenotype and the main populations of melanocortin neurons in the hypothalamus of hSOD1G93A and age-matched non-tg mice. The cannabinoid-opioid interactions in feeding behaviour of hSOD1G93A mice were studied using an inverse agonist and an antagonist of the cannabinoid receptor CB1 (rimonabant) and μ-opioid receptors (naloxone), respectively. KEY RESULTS We found that treatment of hSOD1G93A mice with the KCa 3.1 inhibitor TRAM-34 (i), attenuates the pro-inflammatory phenotype of hypothalamic microglia, (ii) increases food intake and promotes weight gain, (iii) increases the number of healthy pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons and (iv), changes the expression of cannabinoid receptors involved in energy homeostasis. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Using ALS mouse models, we describe defects in the hypothalamic melanocortin system that affect appetite control. These results reveal a new regulatory role for KCa 3.1 to counteract weight loss in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germana Cocozza
- Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Stefano Garofalo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Morotti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Chece
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfonso Grimaldi
- Center for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia@Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Lecce
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Menghini
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Casagrande
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Ye L, Jia G, Li Y, Wang Y, Chen H, Yu L, Wu D. C1q/TNF-related protein 4 restores leptin sensitivity by downregulating NF-κB signaling and microglial activation. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:159. [PMID: 34275474 PMCID: PMC8286609 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective C1qTNF-related protein 4 (CTRP4) acts in the hypothalamus to modulate food intake in diet-induced obese mice and has been shown to exert an anti-inflammatory effect on macrophages. Since high-fat diet-induced microglial activation and hypothalamic inflammation impair leptin signaling and increase food intake, we aimed to explore the potential connection between the anorexigenic effect of CTRP4 and the suppression of hypothalamic inflammation in mice with DIO. Methods Using an adenovirus-mediated hypothalamic CTRP4 overexpression model, we investigated the impact of CTRP4 on food intake and the hypothalamic leptin signaling pathway in diet-induced obese mice. Furthermore, central and plasma proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-6, were measured by Western blotting and ELISA. Changes in the hypothalamic NF-κB signaling cascade and microglial activation were also examined in vivo. In addition, NF-κB signaling and proinflammatory factors were investigated in BV-2 cells after CTRP4 intervention. Results We found that food intake was decreased, while leptin signaling was significantly improved in mice with DIO after CTRP4 overexpression. Central and peripheral TNF-α and IL-6 levels were reduced by central Ad-CTRP4 administration. Hypothalamic NF-κB signaling and microglial activation were also significantly suppressed in vivo. In addition, NF-κB signaling was inhibited in BV-2 cells following CTRP4 intervention, which was consistent with the decreased production of TNF-α and IL-6. Conclusions Our data indicate that CTRP4 reverses leptin resistance by inhibiting NF-κB-dependent microglial activation and hypothalamic inflammation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02167-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Ye
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Gongwei Jia
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yuejie Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lehua Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Dandong Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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Correa‐da‐Silva F, Fliers E, Swaab DF, Yi C. Hypothalamic neuropeptides and neurocircuitries in Prader Willi syndrome. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12994. [PMID: 34156126 PMCID: PMC8365683 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a rare and incurable congenital neurodevelopmental disorder, resulting from the absence of expression of a group of genes on the paternally acquired chromosome 15q11-q13. Phenotypical characteristics of PWS include infantile hypotonia, short stature, incomplete pubertal development, hyperphagia and morbid obesity. Hypothalamic dysfunction in controlling body weight and food intake is a hallmark of PWS. Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that PWS subjects have abnormal neurocircuitry engaged in the hedonic and physiological control of feeding behavior. This is translated into diminished production of hypothalamic effector peptides which are responsible for the coordination of energy homeostasis and satiety. So far, studies with animal models for PWS and with human post-mortem hypothalamic specimens demonstrated changes particularly in the infundibular and the paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus, both in orexigenic and anorexigenic neural populations. Moreover, many PWS patients have a severe endocrine dysfunction, e.g. central hypogonadism and/or growth hormone deficiency, which may contribute to the development of increased fat mass, especially if left untreated. Additionally, the role of non-neuronal cells, such as astrocytes and microglia in the hypothalamic dysregulation in PWS is yet to be determined. Notably, microglial activation is persistently present in non-genetic obesity. To what extent microglia, and other glial cells, are affected in PWS is poorly understood. The elucidation of the hypothalamic dysfunction in PWS could prove to be a key feature of rational therapeutic management in this syndrome. This review aims to examine the evidence for hypothalamic dysfunction, both at the neuropeptidergic and circuitry levels, and its correlation with the pathophysiology of PWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Correa‐da‐Silva
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam University Medical Center (UMC)University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyAmsterdam University Medical Center (UMC)University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Neuropsychiatric DisordersNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAn Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eric Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam University Medical Center (UMC)University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Dick F. Swaab
- Department of Neuropsychiatric DisordersNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAn Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Chun‐Xia Yi
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam University Medical Center (UMC)University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyAmsterdam University Medical Center (UMC)University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Neuropsychiatric DisordersNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAn Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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40
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Fatty acids role on obesity induced hypothalamus inflammation: From problem to solution – A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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41
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Microglia-Neuron Crosstalk in Obesity: Melodious Interaction or Kiss of Death? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105243. [PMID: 34063496 PMCID: PMC8155827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity can originate from the dysregulated activity of hypothalamic neuronal circuits, which are critical for the regulation of body weight and food intake. The exact mechanisms underlying such neuronal defects are not yet fully understood, but a maladaptive cross-talk between neurons and surrounding microglial is likely to be a contributing factor. Functional and anatomical connections between microglia and hypothalamic neuronal cells are at the core of how the brain orchestrates changes in the body's metabolic needs. However, such a melodious interaction may become maladaptive in response to prolonged diet-induced metabolic stress, thereby causing overfeeding, body weight gain, and systemic metabolic perturbations. From this perspective, we critically discuss emerging molecular and cellular underpinnings of microglia-neuron communication in the hypothalamic neuronal circuits implicated in energy balance regulation. We explore whether changes in this intercellular dialogue induced by metabolic stress may serve as a protective neuronal mechanism or contribute to disease establishment and progression. Our analysis provides a framework for future mechanistic studies that will facilitate progress into both the etiology and treatments of metabolic disorders.
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Mapping of Microglial Brain Region, Sex and Age Heterogeneity in Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063141. [PMID: 33808700 PMCID: PMC8003547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has increased rapidly in recent years and has put a huge burden on healthcare worldwide. Obesity is associated with an increased risk for many comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and hypertension. The hypothalamus is a key brain region involved in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. Research on experimental animals has shown neuronal loss, as well as microglial activation in the hypothalamus, due to dietary-induced obesity. Microglia, the resident immune cells in the brain, are responsible for maintaining the brain homeostasis and, thus, providing an optimal environment for neuronal function. Interestingly, in obesity, microglial cells not only get activated in the hypothalamus but in other brain regions as well. Obesity is also highly associated with changes in hippocampal function, which could ultimately result in cognitive decline and dementia. Moreover, changes have also been reported in the striatum and cortex. Microglial heterogeneity is still poorly understood, not only in the context of brain region but, also, age and sex. This review will provide an overview of the currently available data on the phenotypic differences of microglial innate immunity in obesity, dependent on brain region, sex and age.
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Quarta C, Claret M, Zeltser LM, Williams KW, Yeo GSH, Tschöp MH, Diano S, Brüning JC, Cota D. POMC neuronal heterogeneity in energy balance and beyond: an integrated view. Nat Metab 2021; 3:299-308. [PMID: 33633406 PMCID: PMC8085907 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hypothalamic AgRP and POMC neurons are conventionally viewed as the yin and yang of the body's energy status, since they act in an opposite manner to modulate appetite and systemic energy metabolism. However, although AgRP neurons' functions are comparatively well understood, a unifying theory of how POMC neuronal cells operate has remained elusive, probably due to their high level of heterogeneity, which suggests that their physiological roles might be more complex than initially thought. In this Perspective, we propose a conceptual framework that integrates POMC neuronal heterogeneity with appetite regulation, whole-body metabolic physiology and the development of obesity. We highlight emerging evidence indicating that POMC neurons respond to distinct combinations of interoceptive signals and food-related cues to fine-tune divergent metabolic pathways and behaviours necessary for survival. The new framework we propose reflects the high degree of developmental plasticity of this neuronal population and may enable progress towards understanding of both the aetiology and treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Quarta
- University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, INSERM U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marc Claret
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lori M Zeltser
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin W Williams
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Giles S H Yeo
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Diano
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Cota
- University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, INSERM U1215, Bordeaux, France.
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Kalsbeek MJT, Yi CX. The infundibular peptidergic neurons and glia cells in overeating, obesity, and diabetes. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 180:315-325. [PMID: 34225937 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-820107-7.00019-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunctional regulation of energy homeostasis results in increased bodyweight and obesity, eventually leading to type 2 diabetes mellitus. The infundibular nucleus (IFN) of the hypothalamus is the main regulator of energy homeostasis. The peptidergic neurons and glia cells of the IFN receive metabolic cues concerning energy state of the body from the circulation. The IFN can monitor hormones like insulin and leptin and nutrients like glucose and fatty acids. All these metabolic cues are integrated into an output signal regulating energy homeostasis through the release of neuropeptides. These neuropeptides are released in several inter- and extrahypothalamic brain regions involved in regulation of energy homeostasis. This review will give an overview of the peripheral signals involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis, the peptidergic neurons and glial cells of the IFN, and will highlight the main intra-hypothalamic projection sites of the IFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J T Kalsbeek
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Wang XL, Wolff SEC, Korpel N, Milanova I, Sandu C, Rensen PCN, Kooijman S, Cassel JC, Kalsbeek A, Boutillier AL, Yi CX. Deficiency of the Circadian Clock Gene Bmal1 Reduces Microglial Immunometabolism. Front Immunol 2020; 11:586399. [PMID: 33363534 PMCID: PMC7753637 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.586399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are brain immune cells responsible for immune surveillance. Microglial activation is, however, closely associated with neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and obesity. Therefore, it is critical that microglial immune response appropriately adapts to different stressors. The circadian clock controls the cellular process that involves the regulation of inflammation and energy hemostasis. Here, we observed a significant circadian variation in the expression of markers related to inflammation, nutrient utilization, and antioxidation in microglial cells isolated from mice. Furthermore, we found that the core clock gene-Brain and Muscle Arnt-like 1 (Bmal1) plays a role in regulating microglial immune function in mice and microglial BV-2 cells by using quantitative RT-PCR. Bmal1 deficiency decreased gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, increased gene expression of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory factors in microglia. These changes were also observed in Bmal1 knock-down microglial BV-2 cells under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and palmitic acid stimulations. Moreover, Bmal1 deficiency affected the expression of metabolic associated genes and metabolic processes, and increased phagocytic capacity in microglia. These findings suggest that Bmal1 is a key regulator in microglial immune response and cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lan Wang
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Neuroscience Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Strasbourg, France
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Samantha E. C. Wolff
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nikita Korpel
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Irina Milanova
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cristina Sandu
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick C. N. Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Divison of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Medicine, Divison of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jean-Christophe Cassel
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Neuroscience Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Strasbourg, France
- CNRS UMR 7364, LNCA, Strasbourg, France
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anne-Laurence Boutillier
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Neuroscience Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Strasbourg, France
- CNRS UMR 7364, LNCA, Strasbourg, France
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Chaves FM, Mansano NS, Frazão R, Donato J. Tumor Necrosis Factor α and Interleukin-1β Acutely Inhibit AgRP Neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus of the Hypothalamus. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238928. [PMID: 33255553 PMCID: PMC7728092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-associated low-grade inflammation favors weight gain, whereas systemic infection frequently leads to anorexia. Thus, inflammatory signals can either induce positive or negative energy balance. In this study, we used whole-cell patch-clamp to investigate the acute effects of three important proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) on the membrane excitability of agouti-related peptide (AgRP)- or proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-producing neurons. We found that both TNF-α and IL-1β acutely inhibited the activity of 35-42% of AgRP-producing neurons, whereas very few POMC neurons were depolarized by TNF-α. Interleukin-6 induced no acute changes in the activity of AgRP or POMC neurons. Our findings indicate that the effect of TNF-α and IL-1β, especially on the activity of AgRP-producing neurons, may contribute to inflammation-induced anorexia observed during acute inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M. Chaves
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Naira S. Mansano
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil;
| | - Renata Frazão
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (R.F.); (J.D.J.)
| | - Jose Donato
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (R.F.); (J.D.J.)
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47
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Lutgens E, Atzler D, Döring Y, Duchene J, Steffens S, Weber C. Immunotherapy for cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J 2020; 40:3937-3946. [PMID: 31121017 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The outcomes of the Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study (CANTOS) trial have unequivocally proven that inflammation is a key driver of atherosclerosis and that targeting inflammation, in this case by using an anti-interleukin-1β antibody, improves cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes. This is especially true for CVD patients with a pro-inflammatory constitution. Although CANTOS has epitomized the importance of targeting inflammation in atherosclerosis, treatment with canakinumab did not improve CVD mortality, and caused an increase in infections. Therefore, the identification of novel drug targets and development of novel therapeutics that block atherosclerosis-specific inflammatory pathways and exhibit limited immune-suppressive side effects, as pursued in our collaborative research centre, are required to optimize immunotherapy for CVD. In this review, we will highlight the potential of novel immunotherapeutic targets that are currently considered to become a future treatment for CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Lutgens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), CRC 1123 Atherosclerosis - Mechanisms and Networks of novel therapeutic Targets, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 9, Munich 80336, Germany.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Dorothee Atzler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), CRC 1123 Atherosclerosis - Mechanisms and Networks of novel therapeutic Targets, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 9, Munich 80336, Germany.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Goethestraße 33, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), CRC 1123 Atherosclerosis - Mechanisms and Networks of novel therapeutic Targets, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 9, Munich 80336, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Johan Duchene
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), CRC 1123 Atherosclerosis - Mechanisms and Networks of novel therapeutic Targets, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 9, Munich 80336, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Steffens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), CRC 1123 Atherosclerosis - Mechanisms and Networks of novel therapeutic Targets, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 9, Munich 80336, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), CRC 1123 Atherosclerosis - Mechanisms and Networks of novel therapeutic Targets, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 9, Munich 80336, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitsingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
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48
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Wolff SEC, Wang XL, Jiao H, Sun J, Kalsbeek A, Yi CX, Gao Y. The Effect of Rev-erbα Agonist SR9011 on the Immune Response and Cell Metabolism of Microglia. Front Immunol 2020; 11:550145. [PMID: 33101272 PMCID: PMC7546349 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.550145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the immune cells of the brain. Hyperactivation of microglia contributes to the pathology of metabolic and neuroinflammatory diseases. Evidence has emerged that links the circadian clock, cellular metabolism, and immune activity in microglia. Rev-erb nuclear receptors are known for their regulatory role in both the molecular clock and cell metabolism, and have recently been found to play an important role in neuroinflammation. The Rev-erbα agonist SR9011 disrupts circadian rhythm by altering intracellular clock machinery. However, the exact role of Rev-erbα in microglial immunometabolism remains to be elucidated. In the current study, we explored whether SR9011 also had such a detrimental impact on microglial immunometabolic functions. Primary microglia were isolated from 1–3 days old Sprague-Dawley rat pups. The expression of clock genes, cytokines and metabolic genes was evaluated using RT-PCR and rhythmic expression was analyzed. Phagocytic activity was determined by the uptake capacity of fluorescent microspheres. Mitochondria function was evaluated by measuring oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate. We found that key cytokines and metabolic genes are rhythmically expressed in microglia. SR9011 disturbed rhythmic expression of clock genes in microglia. Pro-inflammatory cytokine expression was attenuated by SR9011 during an immune challenge by TNFα, while expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine Il10 was stimulated. Moreover, SR9011 decreased phagocytic activity, mitochondrial respiration, ATP production, and metabolic gene expression. Our study highlights the link between the intrinsic clock and immunometabolism of microglia. We show that Rev-erbα is implicated in both metabolic homeostasis and the inflammatory responses in microglia, which has important implications for the treatment of metabolic and neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E C Wolff
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Laboratoire de Neuroscience Cognitives et Adaptatives, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Han Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yuanqing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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49
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Kalsbeek MJ, Wolff SE, Korpel NL, la Fleur SE, Romijn JA, Fliers E, Kalsbeek A, Swaab DF, Huitinga I, Hol EM, Yi CX. The impact of antidiabetic treatment on human hypothalamic infundibular neurons and microglia. JCI Insight 2020; 5:133868. [PMID: 32814716 PMCID: PMC7455135 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.133868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal studies indicate that hypothalamic dysfunction plays a major role in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development, and that insulin resistance and inflammation are important mechanisms involved in this disorder. However, it remains unclear how T2DM and antidiabetic treatments affect the human hypothalamus. Here, we characterized the proopiomelanocortin (POMC) immunoreactive (-ir) neurons, the neuropeptide-Y-ir (NPY-ir) neurons, the ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1-ir (iba1-ir) microglia, and the transmembrane protein 119-ir (TMEM119-ir) microglia in the infundibular nucleus (IFN) of human postmortem hypothalamus of 32 T2DM subjects with different antidiabetic treatments and 17 matched nondiabetic control subjects. Compared with matched control subjects, T2DM subjects showed a decrease in the number of POMC-ir neurons, but no changes in NPY-ir neurons or microglia. Interestingly, T2DM subjects treated with the antidiabetic drug metformin had fewer NPY-ir neurons and microglia than T2DM subjects not treated with metformin. We found that the number of microglia correlated with the number of NPY-ir neurons, but only in T2DM subjects. These results indicate that different changes in POMC and NPY neurons and microglial cells in the IFN accompany T2DM. In addition, T2DM treatment modality is associated with highly selective changes in hypothalamic neurons and microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jt Kalsbeek
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, and.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Samantha Ec Wolff
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, and.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nikita L Korpel
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, and.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susanne E la Fleur
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, and.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johannes A Romijn
- Department of Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eric Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, and.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dick F Swaab
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Inge Huitinga
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, and.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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50
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Nilsson IAK, Millischer V, Göteson A, Hübel C, Thornton LM, Bulik CM, Schalling M, Landén M. Aberrant inflammatory profile in acute but not recovered anorexia nervosa. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 88:718-724. [PMID: 32389698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder with high mortality and relapse rates. Even though changes in inflammatory markers and cytokines are known to accompany cachexia associated with somatic disorders such as cancer and chronic kidney disorder, studies on inflammatory markers in AN are rare and typically include few individuals. Here, we utilize an Olink Proteomics inflammatory panel to explore the concentrations of 92 preselected inflammation-related proteins in plasma samples from women with active AN (N = 113), recovered from AN (AN-REC, N = 113), and normal weight healthy controls (N = 114). After correction for multiple testing, twenty-five proteins differed significantly between the AN group and controls (lower levels: ADA, CCL19, CD40, CD5, CD8A, CSF1, CXCL1, CXCL5, HGF, IL10RB, IL12B, 1L18R1, LAP TGFß1, MCP3, OSM, TGFα, TNFRSF9, TNFS14 and TRANCE; higher levels: CCL11, CCL25, CST5, DNER, LIFR and OPG). Although more than half of these differences (N = 15) were present in the comparison between AN and AN-REC, no significant differences were seen between AN-REC and controls. Furthermore, twenty-five proteins correlated positively with BMI (ADA, AXIN1, CASP8, CD5, CD40, CSF1, CXCL1, CXCL5, EN-RAGE, HGF, IL6, IL10RB, IL12B, IL18, IL18R1, LAP TGFß1, OSM, SIRT2, STAMBP, TGFα, TNFRSF9, TNFS14, TRANCE, TRAIL and VEGFA) and four proteins correlated negatively with BMI (CCL11, CCL25, CCL28 and DNER). These results suggest that a dysregulated inflammatory status is associated with AN, but, importantly, seem to be confined to the acute illness state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida A K Nilsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Eating Disorders Innovation, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Vincent Millischer
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Göteson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Christopher Hübel
- Centre for Eating Disorders Innovation, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Laura M Thornton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Centre for Eating Disorders Innovation, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martin Schalling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Landén
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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