1
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Pasini M, Codreanu N, Turan T, Riera Moral A, Primavera CF, De Santis L, Beukers HKC, Brevoord JM, Waas C, Borregaard J, Hanson R. Nonlinear Quantum Photonics with a Tin-Vacancy Center Coupled to a One-Dimensional Diamond Waveguide. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:023603. [PMID: 39073944 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.023603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Color centers integrated with nanophotonic devices have emerged as a compelling platform for quantum science and technology. Here, we integrate tin-vacancy centers in a diamond waveguide and investigate the interaction with light at the single-photon level in both reflection and transmission. We observe single-emitter-induced extinction of the transmitted light up to 25% and measure the nonlinear effect on the photon statistics. Furthermore, we demonstrate fully tunable interference between the reflected single-photon field and laser light backscattered at the fiber end and show the corresponding controlled change between bunched and antibunched photon statistics in the reflected field.
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2
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Larocque H, Buyukkaya MA, Errando-Herranz C, Papon C, Harper S, Tao M, Carolan J, Lee CM, Richardson CJK, Leake GL, Coleman DJ, Fanto ML, Waks E, Englund D. Tunable quantum emitters on large-scale foundry silicon photonics. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5781. [PMID: 38987545 PMCID: PMC11237125 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Controlling large-scale many-body quantum systems at the level of single photons and single atomic systems is a central goal in quantum information science and technology. Intensive research and development has propelled foundry-based silicon-on-insulator photonic integrated circuits to a leading platform for large-scale optical control with individual mode programmability. However, integrating atomic quantum systems with single-emitter tunability remains an open challenge. Here, we overcome this barrier through the hybrid integration of multiple InAs/InP microchiplets containing high-brightness infrared semiconductor quantum dot single photon emitters into advanced silicon-on-insulator photonic integrated circuits fabricated in a 300 mm foundry process. With this platform, we achieve single-photon emission via resonance fluorescence and scalable emission wavelength tunability. The combined control of photonic and quantum systems opens the door to programmable quantum information processors manufactured in leading semiconductor foundries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Larocque
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Mustafa Atabey Buyukkaya
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Carlos Errando-Herranz
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Institute of Physics, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Camille Papon
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Samuel Harper
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Max Tao
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jacques Carolan
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chang-Min Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | | | - Gerald L Leake
- State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, 12203, USA
| | - Daniel J Coleman
- State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, 12203, USA
| | - Michael L Fanto
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Information Directorate, Rome, NY, 13441, USA
| | - Edo Waks
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Dirk Englund
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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3
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Holewa P, Vajner DA, Zięba-Ostój E, Wasiluk M, Gaál B, Sakanas A, Burakowski M, Mrowiński P, Krajnik B, Xiong M, Yvind K, Gregersen N, Musiał A, Huck A, Heindel T, Syperek M, Semenova E. High-throughput quantum photonic devices emitting indistinguishable photons in the telecom C-band. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3358. [PMID: 38637520 PMCID: PMC11026509 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47551-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Single indistinguishable photons at telecom C-band wavelengths are essential for quantum networks and the future quantum internet. However, high-throughput technology for single-photon generation at 1550 nm remained a missing building block to overcome present limitations in quantum communication and information technologies. Here, we demonstrate the high-throughput fabrication of quantum-photonic integrated devices operating at C-band wavelengths based on epitaxial semiconductor quantum dots. Our technique enables the deterministic integration of single pre-selected quantum emitters into microcavities based on circular Bragg gratings. Respective devices feature the triggered generation of single photons with ultra-high purity and record-high photon indistinguishability. Further improvements in yield and coherence properties will pave the way for implementing single-photon non-linear devices and advanced quantum networks at telecom wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Holewa
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland.
- DTU Electro, Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 343, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
- NanoPhoton - Center for Nanophotonics, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 345A, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Daniel A Vajner
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emilia Zięba-Ostój
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maja Wasiluk
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Benedek Gaál
- DTU Electro, Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 343, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Aurimas Sakanas
- DTU Electro, Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 343, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marek Burakowski
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Mrowiński
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bartosz Krajnik
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Meng Xiong
- DTU Electro, Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 343, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- NanoPhoton - Center for Nanophotonics, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 345A, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kresten Yvind
- DTU Electro, Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 343, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- NanoPhoton - Center for Nanophotonics, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 345A, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Niels Gregersen
- DTU Electro, Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 343, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anna Musiał
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Alexander Huck
- Center for Macroscopic Quantum States (bigQ), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tobias Heindel
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcin Syperek
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Elizaveta Semenova
- DTU Electro, Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 343, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
- NanoPhoton - Center for Nanophotonics, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 345A, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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4
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Lowinski J, Heller L, Hoffet F, Padrón-Brito A, Theophilo K, de Riedmatten H. Strongly Nonlinear Interaction between Nonclassical Light and a Blockaded Rydberg Atomic Ensemble. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:053001. [PMID: 38364169 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.053001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
We investigate the interaction between nonclassical light with a tunable multiphoton component and a highly nonlinear medium based on cold Rydberg atoms. The nonclassical field emitted by a DLCZ quantum memory is stored using Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency, experiencing strong nonlinear response due to the dipole blockade. We show that the storage efficiency in the Rydberg ensemble decreases as a function of the multiphoton strength of the input field, as a result of the nonlinearity. We also show that the autocorrelation function g^{(2)}(0) of the retrieved field after storage in the Rydberg state is considerably reduced, leading to the first demonstration of single photon filtering with nonclassical input light. Finally, we develop a simple simulation that allows us to model the effect of our medium on the input state. This work is a step towards matter-mediated photon-photon interactions with nonclassical light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lowinski
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain
| | - Lukas Heller
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain
| | - Félix Hoffet
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain
| | | | - Klara Theophilo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain
| | - Hugues de Riedmatten
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08015 Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Lee H, Kim YB, Ryu JW, Kim S, Bae J, Koo Y, Jang D, Park KD. Recent progress of exciton transport in two-dimensional semiconductors. NANO CONVERGENCE 2023; 10:57. [PMID: 38102309 PMCID: PMC10724105 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Spatial manipulation of excitonic quasiparticles, such as neutral excitons, charged excitons, and interlayer excitons, in two-dimensional semiconductors offers unique capabilities for a broad range of optoelectronic applications, encompassing photovoltaics, exciton-integrated circuits, and quantum light-emitting systems. Nonetheless, their practical implementation is significantly restricted by the absence of electrical controllability for neutral excitons, short lifetime of charged excitons, and low exciton funneling efficiency at room temperature, which remain a challenge in exciton transport. In this comprehensive review, we present the latest advancements in controlling exciton currents by harnessing the advanced techniques and the unique properties of various excitonic quasiparticles. We primarily focus on four distinct control parameters inducing the exciton current: electric fields, strain gradients, surface plasmon polaritons, and photonic cavities. For each approach, the underlying principles are introduced in conjunction with its progression through recent studies, gradually expanding their accessibility, efficiency, and functionality. Finally, we outline the prevailing challenges to fully harness the potential of excitonic quasiparticles and implement practical exciton-based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongwoo Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Bin Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Ryu
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeong Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyuk Bae
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjeong Koo
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghoon Jang
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Duck Park
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Chu XL, Papon C, Bart N, Wieck AD, Ludwig A, Midolo L, Rotenberg N, Lodahl P. Independent Electrical Control of Two Quantum Dots Coupled through a Photonic-Crystal Waveguide. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:033606. [PMID: 37540854 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.033606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Efficient light-matter interaction at the single-photon level is of fundamental importance in emerging photonic quantum technology. A fundamental challenge is addressing multiple quantum emitters at once, as intrinsic inhomogeneities of solid-state platforms require individual tuning of each emitter. We present the realization of two semiconductor quantum dot emitters that are efficiently coupled to a photonic-crystal waveguide and individually controllable by applying a local electric Stark field. We present resonant transmission and fluorescence spectra in order to probe the coupling of the two emitters to the waveguide. We exploit the single-photon stream from one quantum dot to perform spectroscopy on the second quantum dot positioned 16 μm away in the waveguide. Furthermore, power-dependent resonant transmission measurements reveal signatures of coherent coupling between the emitters. Our work provides a scalable route to realizing multiemitter collective coupling, which has inherently been missing for solid-state deterministic photon emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Liu Chu
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camille Papon
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikolai Bart
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas D Wieck
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Arne Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Leonardo Midolo
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nir Rotenberg
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Lodahl
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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7
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Flores Esparza SI, Lecestre A, Dubreuil P, Arnoult A, Mlayah A, Monmayrant A, Gauthier-Lafaye O. GaAs membrane PhC lasers threshold reduction using AlGaAs barriers and improved processing. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 34:015303. [PMID: 36179662 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac9685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Active suspended membranes are an ideal test-bench for experimenting with novel laser geometries and principles. We show that adding thin AlGaAs barrier near the top and bottom Air/GaAs interfaces of the membrane significantly reduces the carriers non-radiative recombinations and decreases the threshold of test photonic crystal test lasers. We review the existing literature on photonic crystal membrane fabrication and propose an overview of the significant defects that can be induced by each fabrication step. Finally we propose a complete processing scheme that overcome most of these defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurélie Lecestre
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 7 Avenue du Colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Pascal Dubreuil
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 7 Avenue du Colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandre Arnoult
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 7 Avenue du Colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Adnen Mlayah
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 7 Avenue du Colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine Monmayrant
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 7 Avenue du Colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Gauthier-Lafaye
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 7 Avenue du Colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France
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8
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Koch M, Hoese M, Bharadwaj V, Lang J, Hadden JP, Ramponi R, Jelezko F, Eaton SM, Kubanek A. Super-Poissonian Light Statistics from Individual Silicon Vacancy Centers Coupled to a Laser-Written Diamond Waveguide. ACS PHOTONICS 2022; 9:3366-3373. [PMID: 36281332 PMCID: PMC9585639 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Modifying light fields at the single-photon level is a key challenge for upcoming quantum technologies and can be realized in a scalable manner through integrated quantum photonics. Laser-written diamond photonics offers 3D fabrication capabilities and large mode-field diameters matched to fiber optic technology, though limiting the cooperativity at the single-emitter level. To realize large coupling efficiencies, we combine excitation of single shallow-implanted silicon vacancy centers via high numerical aperture optics with detection assisted by laser-written type-II waveguides. We demonstrate single-emitter extinction measurements with a cooperativity of 0.0050 and a relative beta factor of 13%. The transmission of resonant photons reveals single-photon subtraction from a quasi-coherent field resulting in super-Poissonian light statistics. Our architecture enables light field engineering in an integrated design on the single quantum level although the intrinsic cooperativity is low. Laser-written structures can be fabricated in three dimensions and with a natural connectivity to optical fiber arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael
K. Koch
- Institute
for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, UlmD-89081, Germany
- Center
for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQst), Ulm University, UlmD-89081, Germany
| | - Michael Hoese
- Institute
for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, UlmD-89081, Germany
| | - Vibhav Bharadwaj
- Institute
for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, UlmD-89081, Germany
- Institute
for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN)—CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milano20133, Italy
| | - Johannes Lang
- Institute
for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, UlmD-89081, Germany
- Diatope
GmbH, UmmendorfD-88444, Germany
| | - John P. Hadden
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, CardiffCF24 3AA, U.K.
| | - Roberta Ramponi
- Institute
for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN)—CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milano20133, Italy
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- Institute
for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, UlmD-89081, Germany
- Center for
Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQst), Ulm University, UlmD-89081, Germany
| | - Shane M. Eaton
- Institute
for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN)—CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milano20133, Italy
| | - Alexander Kubanek
- Institute
for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, UlmD-89081, Germany
- Center for
Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQst), Ulm University, UlmD-89081, Germany
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9
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Zhou J. Analytical formulation of quantum interference inside coupled waveguides with unequal losses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:38357-38370. [PMID: 36258403 DOI: 10.1364/oe.470006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a theoretical framework is proposed to formulate the quantum interference inside the coupled waveguides with unequal losses. The quantum coupled mode equation is added with the Langevin noise terms to account for the impact of unequal losses, which can be solved analytically. A close form formula is derived for the correlation matrix of the Langevin noise terms, which provides full information for the density matrix of the propagation state. The theory is self-consistent and tested with a three-waveguide system, which is considered as anti-parity-time (PT) symmetric and simulated in the previous publications. An 89-waveguide system is analyzed afterwards to further demonstrate the applicability of the theory.
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10
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Teklu B, Bina M, Paris MGA. Noisy propagation of Gaussian states in optical media with finite bandwidth. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11646. [PMID: 35804038 PMCID: PMC9270350 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15865-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We address propagation and entanglement of Gaussian states in optical media characterised by nontrivial spectral densities. In particular, we consider environments with a finite bandwidth \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$J(\omega ) = J_0 \left[ \theta (\omega -\Omega ) - \theta (\omega - \Omega - \delta )\right] $$\end{document}J(ω)=J0θ(ω-Ω)-θ(ω-Ω-δ), and show that in the low temperature regime \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$T\ll \Omega ^{-1}$$\end{document}T≪Ω-1: (i) secular terms in the master equation may be neglected; (ii) attenuation (damping) is strongly suppressed; (iii) the overall diffusion process may be described as a Gaussian noise channel with variance depending only on the bandwidth. We find several regimes where propagation is not much detrimental and entanglement may be protected form decoherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berihu Teklu
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Sciences and Center for Cyber-Physical Systems (C2PS), Khalifa University, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Matteo Bina
- Quantum Technology Lab, Dipartimento di Fisica Aldo Pontremoli, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo G A Paris
- Quantum Technology Lab, Dipartimento di Fisica Aldo Pontremoli, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy. .,INFN-Sezione di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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11
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Zhou J. Characterization of PT-symmetric quantum interference based on the coupled mode theory. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:23600-23607. [PMID: 36225036 DOI: 10.1364/oe.458881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a comprehensive quantum theoretical framework to formulate the quantum interference inside the parity-time (PT) symmetric waveguide system which is formed by two coupled optical waveguides with unequal losses. Based on the theory, the expression for the well-known Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) dip is derived, which is in an exact agreement with the published results. What's more, a novel one-photon quantum interference phenomenon is predicted according to the model, which suggests a quantum interference process similar to the HOM effect can be observed for the one-photon state, while the other photon is lost due to the waveguide attenuation. Such phenomenon cannot occur in a Hermitian system or in the system formed by the waveguides with equal losses.
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12
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Kamada S, Ueda R, Yamada C, Tanaka K, Yamada T, Otomo A. Superiorly low half-wave voltage electro-optic polymer modulator for visible photonics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:19771-19780. [PMID: 36221744 DOI: 10.1364/oe.456271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chip-scale optical devices operated at wavelengths shorter than communication wavelengths, such as LiDAR for autonomous driving, bio-sensing, and quantum computation, have been developed in the field of photonics. In data processing involving optical devices, modulators are indispensable for the conversion of electronic signals into optical signals. However, existing modulators have a high half-wave voltage-length product (VπL) which is not sufficient at wavelengths below 1000 nm. Herein, we developed a significantly efficient optical modulator which has low VπL of 0.52 V·cm at λ = 640 nm using an electro-optic (EO) polymer, with a high glass transition temperature (Tg = 164 °C) and low optical absorption loss (2.6 dB/cm) at λ = 640 nm. This modulator is not only more efficient than any EO-polymer modulator reported thus far, but can also enable ultra-high-speed data communication and light manipulation for optical platforms operating in the ranges of visible and below 1000 nm infrared.
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13
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Brooks A, Chu XL, Liu Z, Schott R, Ludwig A, Wieck AD, Midolo L, Lodahl P, Rotenberg N. Integrated Whispering-Gallery-Mode Resonator for Solid-State Coherent Quantum Photonics. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:8707-8714. [PMID: 34636568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tailored photonics cavities enhance light-matter interactions, ultimately enabling a fully coherent quantum interface. Here, we report an integrated microdisk cavity containing self-assembled quantum dots to coherently route photons between different access waveguides. We measure a Purcell factor of Fexp = 6.9 ± 0.9 for a cavity quality factor of about 10,000, allowing us to observe clear signatures of coherent scattering of photons by the quantum dots. We show how this integrated system can coherently reroute photons between the drop and bus ports and how this routing is controlled by detuning the quantum dot and resonator or through the strength of the excitation beam, where a critical photon number less than one photon per lifetime is required. We discuss the strengths and limitations of this approach, focusing on how the coherent scattering and single-photon nonlinearity can be used to increase the efficiency of quantum devices such as routers or Bell-state analyzers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianne Brooks
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiao-Liu Chu
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhe Liu
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rüdiger Schott
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Arne Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas D Wieck
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Leonardo Midolo
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Lodahl
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nir Rotenberg
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Thirumurugan R, Ramalingam S, Periandy S, Aarthi R. Optoelectronic Evaluation, Chemical Potential Identification, Chemiparametric Oscillation Mapping, and Dielectric Efficiency Investigation of Organic NLO Crystal: 2‐Aminofluorene Using Computational Calculations. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.202100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sengany Periandy
- Department of Physics Kanchi Mamunivar Govt. Institute of PG Studies Puducherry 605008 India
| | - Ramadoss Aarthi
- Department of Physics ST. Theresa's College of Arts and Science Tharangambadi Tamilnadu 609313 India
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15
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Iversen OA, Pohl T. Strongly Correlated States of Light and Repulsive Photons in Chiral Chains of Three-Level Quantum Emitters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:083605. [PMID: 33709742 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.083605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We study the correlated transport of photons through a chain of three-level emitters that are coupled chirally to a photonic mode of a waveguide. It is found that this system can transfer a weak classical input into a strongly correlated state of light in a unitary manner. Our analysis reveals two-photon scattering eigenstates, that are akin to Fano resonances or shape resonances in particle collisions and facilitate the emergence of antibunched light with long-range correlations upon crossing a critical length of the chain. By operating close to conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency of the three-level medium, a high degree of antibunching and photon transmission can be maintained in the presence of moderate losses. These features suggest a promising mechanism for single-photon generation and may open the door to exploring correlated quantum many-body states of light with repulsively interacting photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole A Iversen
- Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Pohl
- Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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16
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Coherent characterisation of a single molecule in a photonic black box. Nat Commun 2021; 12:706. [PMID: 33514731 PMCID: PMC7846597 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20915-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extinction spectroscopy is a powerful tool for demonstrating the coupling of a single quantum emitter to a photonic structure. However, it can be challenging in all but the simplest of geometries to deduce an accurate value of the coupling efficiency from the measured spectrum. Here we develop a theoretical framework to deduce the coupling efficiency from the measured transmission and reflection spectra without precise knowledge of the photonic environment. We then consider the case of a waveguide interrupted by a transverse cut in which an emitter is placed. We apply that theory to a silicon nitride waveguide interrupted by a gap filled with anthracene that is doped with dibenzoterrylene molecules. We describe the fabrication of these devices, and experimentally characterise the waveguide coupling of a single molecule in the gap. The authors develop a method to measure the coupling between a single photon source and any arbitrary photonic structure having constant density of electromagnetic states over the linewidth of the emitter. They demonstrate this method by an experiment on a single molecule coupled to an interrupted nanophotonic waveguide.
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17
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Krisnanda T, Ghosh S, Paterek T, Liew TCH. Creating and concentrating quantum resource states in noisy environments using a quantum neural network. Neural Netw 2021; 136:141-151. [PMID: 33486293 DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Quantum information processing tasks require exotic quantum states as a prerequisite. They are usually prepared with many different methods tailored to the specific resource state. Here we provide a versatile unified state preparation scheme based on a driven quantum network composed of randomly-coupled fermionic nodes. The output of such a system is then superposed with the help of linear mixing where weights and phases are trained in order to obtain desired output quantum states. We explicitly show that our method is robust and can be utilized to create almost perfect maximally entangled, NOON, W, cluster, and discorded states. Furthermore, the treatment includes energy decay in the system as well as dephasing and depolarization. Under these noisy conditions we show that the target states are achieved with high fidelity by tuning controllable parameters and providing sufficient strength to the driving of the quantum network. Finally, in very noisy systems, where noise is comparable to the driving strength, we show how to concentrate entanglement by mixing more states in a larger network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanjung Krisnanda
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Sanjib Ghosh
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tomasz Paterek
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Timothy C H Liew
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore, Singapore; MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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18
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Le Jeannic H, Ramos T, Simonsen SF, Pregnolato T, Liu Z, Schott R, Wieck AD, Ludwig A, Rotenberg N, García-Ripoll JJ, Lodahl P. Experimental Reconstruction of the Few-Photon Nonlinear Scattering Matrix from a Single Quantum Dot in a Nanophotonic Waveguide. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:023603. [PMID: 33512234 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.023603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coherent photon-emitter interfaces offer a way to mediate efficient nonlinear photon-photon interactions, much needed for quantum information processing. Here we experimentally study the case of a two-level emitter, a quantum dot, coupled to a single optical mode in a nanophotonic waveguide. We carry out few-photon transport experiments and record the statistics of the light to reconstruct the scattering matrix elements of one- and two-photon components. This provides direct insight to the complex nonlinear photon interaction that contains rich many-body physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Le Jeannic
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tomás Ramos
- Instituto de Física Fundamental IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, Madrid 28006, Spain
- DAiTALab, Facultad de Estudios Interdisciplinarios, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Signe F Simonsen
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tommaso Pregnolato
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhe Liu
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rüdiger Schott
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas D Wieck
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Arne Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nir Rotenberg
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Lodahl
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Uppu R, Pedersen FT, Wang Y, Olesen CT, Papon C, Zhou X, Midolo L, Scholz S, Wieck AD, Ludwig A, Lodahl P. Scalable integrated single-photon source. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/50/eabc8268. [PMID: 33298444 PMCID: PMC7725451 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc8268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Photonic qubits are key enablers for quantum information processing deployable across a distributed quantum network. An on-demand and truly scalable source of indistinguishable single photons is the essential component enabling high-fidelity photonic quantum operations. A main challenge is to overcome noise and decoherence processes to reach the steep benchmarks on generation efficiency and photon indistinguishability required for scaling up the source. We report on the realization of a deterministic single-photon source featuring near-unity indistinguishability using a quantum dot in an "on-chip" planar nanophotonic waveguide circuit. The device produces long strings of >100 single photons without any observable decrease in the mutual indistinguishability between photons. A total generation rate of 122 million photons per second is achieved, corresponding to an on-chip source efficiency of 84%. These specifications of the single-photon source are benchmarked for boson sampling and found to enable scaling into the regime of quantum advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravitej Uppu
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Freja T Pedersen
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ying Wang
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie T Olesen
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camille Papon
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leonardo Midolo
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sven Scholz
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas D Wieck
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Arne Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Peter Lodahl
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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20
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Shan L, Zhang F, Ren J, Zhang Q, Gong Q, Gu Y. Large Purcell enhancement with nanoscale non-reciprocal photon transmission in chiral gap-plasmon-emitter systems. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:33890-33899. [PMID: 33182868 DOI: 10.1364/oe.404166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chiral photon-emitter coupling has been extensively explored in its non-reciprocal property, which results from spin-locked photon transmission. It manifests the potential in on-chip non-reciprocal devices, such as optical isolators and photon routing in quantum networks. However, the enhancement of chiral coupling, which has been seldom studied, remains wanting. Here, we numerically propose a gap-plasmon-emitter system demonstrating large Purcell enhancement with effective nanoscale non-reciprocal photon transmission. Owing to the strong field enhancement and high transverse spin momentum (TSM) in gap plasmons, the Purcell factor reaches 104. Simultaneously, the transmission in the nanowire is directional, in which 91% propagates in a single direction. The transmission confined around the nanowire also obtains a ∼700-fold enhancement compared with the vacuum decay rate of the emitter. Furthermore, the circularly polarized emitter couples preferentially to the opposite transmission direction in the two eigenmodes. This phenomenon is attributed to the special TSM profile of the two eigenmodes, that is, the transmission direction is locked to the opposite TSM in the two eigenmodes. Our proposed system offers an efficient way for photon routing in optical circuits and quantum networks and also extends methods for manipulating non-reciprocal devices.
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21
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Schörner C, Lippitz M. Single Molecule Nonlinearity in a Plasmonic Waveguide. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:2152-2156. [PMID: 32077703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic waveguides offer the unique possibility to confine light far below the diffraction limit. Past room temperature experiments focused on efficient generation of single waveguide plasmons by a quantum emitter. However, only the simultaneous interaction of the emitter with multiple plasmonic fields would lead to functionality in a plasmonic circuit. Here, we demonstrate the nonlinear optical interaction of a single molecule and propagating plasmons. An individual terrylene diimide (TDI) molecule is placed in the nanogap between two single-crystalline silver nanowires. A visible wavelength pump pulse and a red-shifted depletion pulse travel along the waveguide, leading to stimulated emission depletion (STED) in the observed fluorescence. The efficiency increases by up to a factor of 50 compared to far-field excitation. Our study thus demonstrates remote nonlinear four-wave mixing at a single molecule with propagating plasmons. It paves the way toward functional quantum plasmonic circuits and improved nonlinear single-molecule spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schörner
- Experimental Physics III, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany D-95447
| | - Markus Lippitz
- Experimental Physics III, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany D-95447
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22
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Perczel J, Borregaard J, Chang DE, Yelin SF, Lukin MD. Topological Quantum Optics Using Atomlike Emitter Arrays Coupled to Photonic Crystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:083603. [PMID: 32167350 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.083603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose an experimentally feasible nanophotonic platform for exploring many-body physics in topological quantum optics. Our system is composed of a two-dimensional lattice of nonlinear quantum emitters with optical transitions embedded in a photonic crystal slab. The emitters interact through the guided modes of the photonic crystal, and a uniform magnetic field gives rise to large topological band gaps, robust edge states, and a nearly flat band with a nonzero Chern number. The presence of a topologically nontrivial nearly flat band paves the way for the realization of fractional quantum Hall states and fractional topological insulators in a topological quantum optical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Perczel
- Physics Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - J Borregaard
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- QMATH, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - D E Chang
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08015 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S F Yelin
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - M D Lukin
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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23
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Elshaari AW, Pernice W, Srinivasan K, Benson O, Zwiller V. Hybrid integrated quantum photonic circuits. NATURE PHOTONICS 2020; 14:10.1038/s41566-020-0609-x. [PMID: 34815738 PMCID: PMC8607459 DOI: 10.1038/s41566-020-0609-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in chip-based photonic quantum circuits has radically impacted quantum information processing. However, it is challenging for monolithic photonic platforms to meet the stringent demands of most quantum applications. Hybrid platforms combining different photonic technologies in a single functional unit have great potential to overcome the limitations of monolithic photonic circuits. Our review summarizes the progress of hybrid quantum photonics integration, discusses important design considerations including optical connectivity and operation conditions, then highlights several successful realizations of key physical resources for building a quantum-teleporter. We conclude by discussing the roadmap for realizing future advanced large-scale hybrid devices, beyond the solid state platform, which hold great potential for quantum information applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali W Elshaari
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wolfram Pernice
- Institute of Physics, University of Muenster, Heisenbergstr, 11, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Kartik Srinivasan
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Oliver Benson
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin & IRIS Adlershof, Nanooptics, Newtonstraße 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Val Zwiller
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Karigowda A, K V A, Nayak PK, Sudha S, Sanders BC, Bretenaker F, Narayanan A. Phase-sensitive amplification of an optical field using microwaves. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:32111-32121. [PMID: 31684429 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.032111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report phase-sensitive amplification (PSA) of a near-infrared electromagnetic field using room-temperature 85Rb atoms possessing ground-state coherence. Our novelty is in achieving significant optical PSA by manipulating the intensity and phase of a frequency-separated microwave field. PSA is obtained by inducing a three-wave mixing nonlinear process utilising a three-level cyclic scheme in the D1 manifold. We achieve a near-ideal PSA with a gain of 7 dB over a range of 500 kHz bandwidth with very low pump-field intensities and with low optical depths. Such a hybrid, ground-state-coherence-assisted PSA is the first such demonstration using atomic ensembles.
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25
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Brash AJ, Iles-Smith J, Phillips CL, McCutcheon DPS, O'Hara J, Clarke E, Royall B, Wilson LR, Mørk J, Skolnick MS, Fox AM, Nazir A. Light Scattering from Solid-State Quantum Emitters: Beyond the Atomic Picture. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:167403. [PMID: 31702333 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.167403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coherent scattering of light by a single quantum emitter is a fundamental process at the heart of many proposed quantum technologies. Unlike atomic systems, solid-state emitters couple to their host lattice by phonons. Using a quantum dot in an optical nanocavity, we resolve these interactions in both time and frequency domains, going beyond the atomic picture to develop a comprehensive model of light scattering from solid-state emitters. We find that even in the presence of a low-Q cavity with high Purcell enhancement, phonon coupling leads to a sideband that is completely insensitive to excitation conditions and to a nonmonotonic relationship between laser detuning and coherent fraction, both of which are major deviations from atomlike behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair J Brash
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Iles-Smith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine L Phillips
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Dara P S McCutcheon
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
| | - John O'Hara
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Edmund Clarke
- EPSRC National Epitaxy Facility, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DE, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Royall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Luke R Wilson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Jesper Mørk
- Department of Photonics Engineering, DTU Fotonik, Technical University of Denmark, Building 343, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Maurice S Skolnick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - A Mark Fox
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Ahsan Nazir
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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26
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Schnauber P, Singh A, Schall J, Park SI, Song JD, Rodt S, Srinivasan K, Reitzenstein S, Davanco M. Indistinguishable Photons from Deterministically Integrated Single Quantum Dots in Heterogeneous GaAs/Si 3N 4 Quantum Photonic Circuits. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7164-7172. [PMID: 31470692 PMCID: PMC7020556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Silicon photonics enables scaling of quantum photonic systems by allowing the creation of extensive, low-loss, reconfigurable networks linking various functional on-chip elements. Inclusion of single quantum emitters onto photonic circuits, acting as on-demand sources of indistinguishable photons or single-photon nonlinearities, may enable large-scale chip-based quantum photonic circuits and networks. Toward this, we use low-temperature in situ electron-beam lithography to deterministically produce hybrid GaAs/Si3N4 photonic devices containing single InAs quantum dots precisely located inside nanophotonic structures, which act as efficient, Si3N4 waveguide-coupled on-chip, on-demand single-photon sources. The precise positioning afforded by our scalable fabrication method furthermore allows observation of postselected indistinguishable photons. This indicates a promising path toward significant scaling of chip-based quantum photonics, enabled by large fluxes of indistinguishable single-photons produced on-demand, directly on-chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schnauber
- Institute of Solid State Physics , Technische Universität Berlin , Berlin 10623 , Germany
| | - Anshuman Singh
- National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
- Maryland NanoCenter , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Johannes Schall
- Institute of Solid State Physics , Technische Universität Berlin , Berlin 10623 , Germany
| | - Suk In Park
- Center for Optoelectronic Convergence Systems , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 South Korea
| | - Jin Dong Song
- Center for Optoelectronic Convergence Systems , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 South Korea
| | - Sven Rodt
- Institute of Solid State Physics , Technische Universität Berlin , Berlin 10623 , Germany
| | - Kartik Srinivasan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
- Joint Quantum Institute , NIST/University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Stephan Reitzenstein
- Institute of Solid State Physics , Technische Universität Berlin , Berlin 10623 , Germany
| | - Marcelo Davanco
- National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
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27
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Kim H, Moon JS, Noh G, Lee J, Kim JH. Position and Frequency Control of Strain-Induced Quantum Emitters in WSe 2 Monolayers. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7534-7539. [PMID: 31490079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Future scalable and integrated quantum photonic systems require deterministic generation and control of multiple quantum emitters. Although various approaches for spatial and spectral control of the quantum emitters have been developed, on-chip control of both position and frequency is still a long-standing goal in solid-state quantum emitters. Here, we demonstrate simultaneous control of position and frequency of the quantum emitters from transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers. Atomically thin two-dimensional materials are inherently sensitive to external strain and offer a new opportunity of creating and controlling the quantum emitters by engineering strain. We fabricate an electrostatically actuated microcantilever with nanopyramid patterns, providing a local strain engineering platform for the WSe2 monolayer. The integrated WSe2 generates high-purity single photon emission at patterned positions with a tuning range up to 3.5 meV. Together with the position and frequency control, we investigate the strain response on the fine-structure splitting and confirm 11% reduction in the fine splitting at the estimated tensile strain of 0.07%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoju Kim
- School of Nature Science, Department of Physics , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Sung Moon
- School of Nature Science, Department of Physics , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Gichang Noh
- Department of Physics and Department of Energy Systems Research , Ajou University , Suwon 16499 , Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Physics and Department of Energy Systems Research , Ajou University , Suwon 16499 , Korea
| | - Je-Hyung Kim
- School of Nature Science, Department of Physics , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
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Khazali M, Murray CR, Pohl T. Polariton Exchange Interactions in Multichannel Optical Networks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:113605. [PMID: 31573258 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.113605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We examine the dynamics of Rydberg polaritons with dipolar interactions that propagate in multiple spatial modes. The dipolar excitation exchange between different Rydberg states mediates an effective exchange between polaritons that enables photons to hop across different spatial channels. Remarkably, the efficiency of this photon exchange process can increase with the channel distance and becomes optimal at a finite rail separation. Based on this mechanism, we design a simple photonic network that realizes a two photon quantum gate with a robust π phase, protected by the symmetries of the underlying photon interaction and the geometry of the network. These capabilities expand the scope of Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency towards multidimensional geometries for nonlinear optical networks and explorations of photonic many-body physics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Callum R Murray
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Thomas Pohl
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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29
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Lachman L, Straka I, Hloušek J, Ježek M, Filip R. Faithful Hierarchy of Genuine n-Photon Quantum Non-Gaussian Light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:043601. [PMID: 31491243 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.043601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Light is an essential tool for connections between quantum devices and for diagnostic processes in quantum technology. Both applications deal with advanced nonclassical states beyond Gaussian coherent and squeezed states. Current development requires a loss-tolerant diagnostic of such nonclassical aspects. We propose and experimentally verify a faithful hierarchy of genuine n-photon quantum non-Gaussian light. We conclusively witnessed three-photon quantum non-Gaussian light in the experiment. Measured data demonstrate a direct applicability of the hierarchy for a large class of real states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Lachman
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Straka
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Hloušek
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Ježek
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Filip
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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30
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Hurst DL, Joanesarson KB, Iles-Smith J, Mørk J, Kok P. Generating Maximal Entanglement between Spectrally Distinct Solid-State Emitters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:023603. [PMID: 31386531 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.023603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We show how to create maximal entanglement between spectrally distinct solid-state emitters embedded in a waveguide interferometer. By revealing the rich underlying structure of multiphoton scattering in emitters, we show that a two-photon input state can generate deterministic maximal entanglement even for emitters with significantly different transition energies and linewidths. The optimal frequency of the input is determined by two competing processes: which-path erasure and interaction strength. We find that smaller spectral overlap can be overcome with higher photon numbers, and quasimonochromatic photons are optimal for entanglement generation. Our work provides a new methodology for solid-state entanglement generation, where the requirement for perfectly matched emitters can be relaxed in favor of optical state optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Hurst
- Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Kristoffer B Joanesarson
- Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
- Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jake Iles-Smith
- Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Jesper Mørk
- Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pieter Kok
- Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
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31
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Foster AP, Hallett D, Iorsh IV, Sheldon SJ, Godsland MR, Royall B, Clarke E, Shelykh IA, Fox AM, Skolnick MS, Itskevich IE, Wilson LR. Tunable Photon Statistics Exploiting the Fano Effect in a Waveguide. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:173603. [PMID: 31107076 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.173603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A strong optical nonlinearity arises when coherent light is scattered by a semiconductor quantum dot coupled to a nanophotonic waveguide. We exploit the Fano effect in such a waveguide to control the phase of the quantum interference underpinning the nonlinearity, experimentally demonstrating a tunable quantum optical filter which converts a coherent input state into either a bunched or an antibunched nonclassical output state. We show theoretically that the generation of nonclassical light is predicated on the formation of a two-photon bound state due to the interaction of the input coherent state with the quantum dot. Our model demonstrates that the tunable photon statistics arise from the dependence of the sign of two-photon interference (either constructive or destructive) on the detuning of the input relative to the Fano resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Foster
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - D Hallett
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - I V Iorsh
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - S J Sheldon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - M R Godsland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - B Royall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - E Clarke
- EPSRC National Epitaxy Facility, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - I A Shelykh
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - A M Fox
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - M S Skolnick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - I E Itskevich
- Department of Engineering, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - L R Wilson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
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32
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Hatifi M, Di Molfetta G, Debbasch F, Brachet M. Quantum walk hydrodynamics. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2989. [PMID: 30814623 PMCID: PMC6393481 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple Discrete-Time Quantum Walk (DTQW) on the line is revisited and given an hydrodynamic interpretation through a novel relativistic generalization of the Madelung transform. Numerical results show that suitable initial conditions indeed produce hydrodynamical shocks and that the coherence achieved in current experiments is robust enough to simulate quantum hydrodynamical phenomena through DTQWs. An analytical computation of the asymptotic quantum shock structure is presented. The non-relativistic limit is explored in the Supplementary Material (SM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hatifi
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, École Centrale de Marseille, Institut Fresnel UMR 7249, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Giuseppe Di Molfetta
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, LIS, France, Natural Computation research group, Marseille, France.
- Departamento de Física Teórica and IFIC, Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Fabrice Debbasch
- LERMA, UMR 8112, UPMC and Observatoire de Paris, 61 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Marc Brachet
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, CNRS, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
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33
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Hepp S, Bauer S, Hornung F, Schwartz M, Portalupi SL, Jetter M, Michler P. Bragg grating cavities embedded into nano-photonic waveguides for Purcell enhanced quantum dot emission. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:30614-30622. [PMID: 30469955 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.030614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we demonstrate the fabrication and optical properties of Bragg grating cavities that are directly integrated into ridge waveguides along with the Purcell enhanced emission from integrated quantum dots. Measured Q-factors up to 4600 are observed in combination with resonances of the fundamental mode within a ± 0.11 nm range along the full fabricated chip. The measured Purcell enhancement up to a factor of 3.5 ± 0.5 shows the potential utility for state-of-the-art on-chip quantum optical experiments as realized in off-chip implementations. Our measurements are fully supported via FDTD simulations giving a theoretical Purcell enhancement up to a factor of 20 with a highly directional βdir-factor of 70 %. The straightforward upscaling and robust design of the investigated Bragg grating cavity in combination with a substantial Purcell enhancement represents a major step towards large scale on-chip quantum photonic circuits.
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34
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Fons R, Osterkryger AD, Stepanov P, Gautier E, Bleuse J, Gérard JM, Gregersen N, Claudon J. All-Optical Mapping of the Position of Quantum Dots Embedded in a Nanowire Antenna. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:6434-6440. [PMID: 30185050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanowire antennas embedding single quantum dots (QDs) have recently emerged as a versatile solid-state platform for quantum optics. Within the nanowire section, the emitter position simultaneously determines the strength of the light-matter interaction, as well as the coupling to potential decoherence channels. Therefore, to quantitatively understand device performance and guide future optimization, it is highly desirable to map the emitter position with an accuracy much smaller than the waveguide diameter, on the order of a few hundreds of nanometers. We introduce here a nondestructive, all-optical mapping technique that exploits the QD emission into two guided modes with different transverse profiles. These two modes are fed by the same emitter and thus interfere. The resulting intensity pattern, which is highly sensitive to the emitter position, is resolved in the far-field using Fourier microscopy. We demonstrate this technique on a standard microphotoluminescence setup and map the position of individual QDs in a nanowire antenna with a spatial resolution of ±10 nm. This work opens important perspectives for the future development of light-matter interfaces based on nanowire antennas. Beyond single-QD devices, it will also provide a valuable tool for the investigation of collective effects that imply several emitters coupled to an optical waveguide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Fons
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INAC, PHELIQS , "Nanophysique et semiconducteurs" group, F-38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Andreas D Osterkryger
- DTU Fotonik, Department of Photonics Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , Ørsteds Plads Building 343 , DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Petr Stepanov
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INAC, PHELIQS , "Nanophysique et semiconducteurs" group, F-38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Eric Gautier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, SPINTEC , F-38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Joël Bleuse
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INAC, PHELIQS , "Nanophysique et semiconducteurs" group, F-38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Jean-Michel Gérard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INAC, PHELIQS , "Nanophysique et semiconducteurs" group, F-38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Niels Gregersen
- DTU Fotonik, Department of Photonics Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , Ørsteds Plads Building 343 , DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Julien Claudon
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INAC, PHELIQS , "Nanophysique et semiconducteurs" group, F-38000 Grenoble , France
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35
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Mirhosseini M, Kim E, Ferreira VS, Kalaee M, Sipahigil A, Keller AJ, Painter O. Superconducting metamaterials for waveguide quantum electrodynamics. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3706. [PMID: 30209270 PMCID: PMC6135821 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06142-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Embedding tunable quantum emitters in a photonic bandgap structure enables control of dissipative and dispersive interactions between emitters and their photonic bath. Operation in the transmission band, outside the gap, allows for studying waveguide quantum electrodynamics in the slow-light regime. Alternatively, tuning the emitter into the bandgap results in finite-range emitter-emitter interactions via bound photonic states. Here, we couple a transmon qubit to a superconducting metamaterial with a deep sub-wavelength lattice constant (λ/60). The metamaterial is formed by periodically loading a transmission line with compact, low-loss, low-disorder lumped-element microwave resonators. Tuning the qubit frequency in the vicinity of a band-edge with a group index of ng = 450, we observe an anomalous Lamb shift of -28 MHz accompanied by a 24-fold enhancement in the qubit lifetime. In addition, we demonstrate selective enhancement and inhibition of spontaneous emission of different transmon transitions, which provide simultaneous access to short-lived radiatively damped and long-lived metastable qubit states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mirhosseini
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Thomas J. Watson, Sr., Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Eunjong Kim
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Thomas J. Watson, Sr., Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Vinicius S Ferreira
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Thomas J. Watson, Sr., Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Mahmoud Kalaee
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Thomas J. Watson, Sr., Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Alp Sipahigil
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Thomas J. Watson, Sr., Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Andrew J Keller
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Thomas J. Watson, Sr., Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Oskar Painter
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
- Thomas J. Watson, Sr., Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
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36
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Hurst DL, Price DM, Bentham C, Makhonin MN, Royall B, Clarke E, Kok P, Wilson LR, Skolnick MS, Fox AM. Nonreciprocal Transmission and Reflection of a Chirally Coupled Quantum Dot. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:5475-5481. [PMID: 30080970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report strongly nonreciprocal behavior for quantum dot exciton spins coupled to nanophotonic waveguides under resonant laser excitation. A clear dependence of the transmission spectrum on the propagation direction is found for a chirally coupled quantum dot, with spin up and spin down exciton spins coupling to the left and right propagation directions, respectively. The reflection signal shows an opposite trend to the transmission, which a numerical model indicates is due to direction-selective saturation of the quantum dot. The chiral spin-photon interface we demonstrate breaks reciprocity of the system and opens the way to spin-based quantum optical components such as optical diodes and circulators in a chip-based solid-state environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Hurst
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Sheffield , Hounsfield Road , Sheffield , S3 7RH , United Kingdom
| | - D M Price
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Sheffield , Hounsfield Road , Sheffield , S3 7RH , United Kingdom
| | - C Bentham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Sheffield , Hounsfield Road , Sheffield , S3 7RH , United Kingdom
| | - M N Makhonin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Sheffield , Hounsfield Road , Sheffield , S3 7RH , United Kingdom
| | - B Royall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Sheffield , Hounsfield Road , Sheffield , S3 7RH , United Kingdom
| | - E Clarke
- EPSRC National Epitaxy Facility, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering , University of Sheffield , Sheffield S1 3JD , United Kingdom
| | - P Kok
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Sheffield , Hounsfield Road , Sheffield , S3 7RH , United Kingdom
| | - L R Wilson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Sheffield , Hounsfield Road , Sheffield , S3 7RH , United Kingdom
| | - M S Skolnick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Sheffield , Hounsfield Road , Sheffield , S3 7RH , United Kingdom
| | - A M Fox
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Sheffield , Hounsfield Road , Sheffield , S3 7RH , United Kingdom
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37
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Kim JH, Aghaeimeibodi S, Richardson CJK, Leavitt RP, Waks E. Super-Radiant Emission from Quantum Dots in a Nanophotonic Waveguide. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:4734-4740. [PMID: 29966093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Future scalable photonic quantum information processing relies on the ability of integrating multiple interacting quantum emitters into a single chip. Quantum dots provide ideal on-chip quantum light sources. However, achieving quantum interaction between multiple quantum dots on-a-chip is a challenging task due to the randomness in their frequency and position, requiring local tuning technique and long-range quantum interaction. Here, we demonstrate quantum interactions between separated two quantum dots on a nanophotonic waveguide. We achieve a photon-mediated long-range interaction by integrating the quantum dots to the same optical mode of a nanophotonic waveguide and overcome spectral mismatch by incorporating on-chip thermal tuners. We observe their quantum interactions of the form of super-radiant emission, where the two dots collectively emit faster than each dot individually. Creating super-radiant emission from integrated quantum emitters could enable compact chip-integrated photonic structures that exhibit long-range quantum interactions. Therefore, these results represent a major step toward establishing photonic quantum information processors composed of multiple interacting quantum emitters on a semiconductor chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Hyung Kim
- Department of Physics , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Shahriar Aghaeimeibodi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Christopher J K Richardson
- Laboratory for Physical Sciences , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20740 , United States
| | - Richard P Leavitt
- Laboratory for Physical Sciences , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20740 , United States
| | - Edo Waks
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
- Joint Quantum Institute , University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
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38
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Javadi A, Ding D, Appel MH, Mahmoodian S, Löbl MC, Söllner I, Schott R, Papon C, Pregnolato T, Stobbe S, Midolo L, Schröder T, Wieck AD, Ludwig A, Warburton RJ, Lodahl P. Spin-photon interface and spin-controlled photon switching in a nanobeam waveguide. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 13:398-403. [PMID: 29556004 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-018-0091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The spin of an electron is a promising memory state and qubit. Connecting spin states that are spatially far apart will enable quantum nodes and quantum networks based on the electron spin. Towards this goal, an integrated spin-photon interface would be a major leap forward as it combines the memory capability of a single spin with the efficient transfer of information by photons. Here, we demonstrate such an efficient and optically programmable interface between the spin of an electron in a quantum dot and photons in a nanophotonic waveguide. The spin can be deterministically prepared in the ground state with a fidelity of up to 96%. Subsequently, the system is used to implement a single-spin photonic switch, in which the spin state of the electron directs the flow of photons through the waveguide. The spin-photon interface may enable on-chip photon-photon gates, single-photon transistors and the efficient generation of a photonic cluster state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Javadi
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Dapeng Ding
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Immo Söllner
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rüdiger Schott
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Camille Papon
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Søren Stobbe
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leonardo Midolo
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tim Schröder
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Dirk Wieck
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Arne Ludwig
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter Lodahl
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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39
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Murray CR, Mirgorodskiy I, Tresp C, Braun C, Paris-Mandoki A, Gorshkov AV, Hofferberth S, Pohl T. Photon Subtraction by Many-Body Decoherence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:113601. [PMID: 29601756 PMCID: PMC6467281 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally and theoretically investigate the scattering of a photonic quantum field from another stored in a strongly interacting atomic Rydberg ensemble. Considering the many-body limit of this problem, we derive an exact solution to the scattering-induced spatial decoherence of multiple stored photons, allowing for a rigorous understanding of the underlying dissipative quantum dynamics. Combined with our experiments, this analysis reveals a correlated coherence-protection process in which the scattering from one excitation can shield all others from spatial decoherence. We discuss how this effect can be used to manipulate light at the quantum level, providing a robust mechanism for single-photon subtraction, and experimentally demonstrate this capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Murray
- Center for Quantum Optics and Quantum Matter, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - I Mirgorodskiy
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - C Tresp
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense-M, Denmark
| | - C Braun
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense-M, Denmark
| | - A Paris-Mandoki
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense-M, Denmark
| | - A V Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Hofferberth
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense-M, Denmark
| | - T Pohl
- Center for Quantum Optics and Quantum Matter, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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40
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Thyrrestrup H, Kiršanskė G, Le Jeannic H, Pregnolato T, Zhai L, Raahauge L, Midolo L, Rotenberg N, Javadi A, Schott R, Wieck AD, Ludwig A, Löbl MC, Söllner I, Warburton RJ, Lodahl P. Quantum Optics with Near-Lifetime-Limited Quantum-Dot Transitions in a Nanophotonic Waveguide. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:1801-1806. [PMID: 29494160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b05016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Establishing a highly efficient photon-emitter interface where the intrinsic linewidth broadening is limited solely by spontaneous emission is a key step in quantum optics. It opens a pathway to coherent light-matter interaction for, e.g., the generation of highly indistinguishable photons, few-photon optical nonlinearities, and photon-emitter quantum gates. However, residual broadening mechanisms are ubiquitous and need to be combated. For solid-state emitters charge and nuclear spin noise are of importance, and the influence of photonic nanostructures on the broadening has not been clarified. We present near-lifetime-limited linewidths for quantum dots embedded in nanophotonic waveguides through a resonant transmission experiment. It is found that the scattering of single photons from the quantum dot can be obtained with an extinction of 66 ± 4%, which is limited by the coupling of the quantum dot to the nanostructure rather than the linewidth broadening. This is obtained by embedding the quantum dot in an electrically contacted nanophotonic membrane. A clear pathway to obtaining even larger single-photon extinction is laid out; i.e., the approach enables a fully deterministic and coherent photon-emitter interface in the solid state that is operated at optical frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Thyrrestrup
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Blegdamsvej 17 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Gabija Kiršanskė
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Blegdamsvej 17 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Hanna Le Jeannic
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Blegdamsvej 17 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Tommaso Pregnolato
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Blegdamsvej 17 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Liang Zhai
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Blegdamsvej 17 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Laust Raahauge
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Blegdamsvej 17 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Leonardo Midolo
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Blegdamsvej 17 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Nir Rotenberg
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Blegdamsvej 17 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Alisa Javadi
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Blegdamsvej 17 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Rüdiger Schott
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Universitätsstrasse 150 , D-44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Andreas D Wieck
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Universitätsstrasse 150 , D-44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Arne Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Universitätsstrasse 150 , D-44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Matthias C Löbl
- Department of Physics , University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 82 , CH-4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Immo Söllner
- Department of Physics , University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 82 , CH-4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Richard J Warburton
- Department of Physics , University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 82 , CH-4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Peter Lodahl
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Blegdamsvej 17 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
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41
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Liu JZ, Wei HR, Chen NY. A heralded and error-rejecting three-photon hyper-parallel quantum gate through cavity-assisted interactions. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1885. [PMID: 29382855 PMCID: PMC5790023 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20148-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyper-parallel quantum computation is a promising and fruitful area of research with its high capacity and low loss rate characters. In this paper, we propose a heralded, compact, scalable, and deterministic error-rejecting scheme for implementing three-photon hyper-parallel Toffoli gate simultaneously acting on polarization and spatial degrees of freedom. It is a practical and unity gate without strong coupling strength limitations, since the undesired performances caused by the side leakage and the limited coupling strength are detected by the single-photon detectors. The success of our proposal can be heralded by the detectors, and the efficiency can be further improved by repeating the operation processes when the detectors are clicked. The evaluation of gate performance with experimental parameters shows that it is feasible with current experimental technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Zhen Liu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hai-Rui Wei
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Ning-Yang Chen
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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42
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Hagenmüller D, Schachenmayer J, Schütz S, Genes C, Pupillo G. Cavity-Enhanced Transport of Charge. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:223601. [PMID: 29286774 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.223601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate charge transport through electronic bands of a mesoscopic one-dimensional system, where interband transitions are coupled to a confined cavity mode, initially prepared close to its vacuum. This coupling leads to light-matter hybridization where the dressed fermionic bands interact via absorption and emission of dressed cavity photons. Using a self-consistent nonequilibrium Green's function method, we compute electronic transmissions and cavity photon spectra and demonstrate how light-matter coupling can lead to an enhancement of charge conductivity in the steady state. We find that depending on cavity loss rate, electronic bandwidth, and coupling strength, the dynamics involves either an individual or a collective response of Bloch states, and we explain how this affects the current enhancement. We show that the charge conductivity enhancement can reach orders of magnitudes under experimentally relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hagenmüller
- IPCMS (UMR 7504) and ISIS (UMR 7006), University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Johannes Schachenmayer
- IPCMS (UMR 7504) and ISIS (UMR 7006), University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Stefan Schütz
- IPCMS (UMR 7504) and ISIS (UMR 7006), University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Claudiu Genes
- IPCMS (UMR 7504) and ISIS (UMR 7006), University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Guido Pupillo
- IPCMS (UMR 7504) and ISIS (UMR 7006), University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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43
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Huang YQ, Huang R, Liu QL, Zheng CC, Ning JQ, Peng Y, Zhang ZY. Realization of III-V Semiconductor Periodic Nanostructures by Laser Direct Writing Technique. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:12. [PMID: 28058648 PMCID: PMC5216013 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1780-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrated the fabrication of one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) periodic nanostructures on III-V GaAs substrates utilizing laser direct writing (LDW) technique. Metal thin films (Ti) and phase change materials (Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) and Ge2Sb1.8Bi0.2Te5 (GSBT)) were chosen as photoresists to achieve small feature sizes of semiconductor nanostructures. A minimum feature size of about 50 nm about a quarter of the optical diffraction limit was obtained on the photoresists, and 1D III-V semiconductor nanolines with a minimum width of 150 nm were successfully acquired on the GaAs substrate which was smaller than the best results acquired on Si substrate ever reported. 2D nanosquare holes were fabricated as well by using Ti thin film as the photoresist, with a side width of about 200 nm, but the square holes changed to a rectangle shape when GST or GSBT was employed as the photoresist, which mainly resulted from the interaction of two cross-temperature fields induced by two scanning laser beams. The interacting mechanism of different photoresists in preparing periodic nanostructures with the LDW technique was discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Qing Huang
- School of Physical Sciences and Technology, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Huang
- The NanoX, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Lu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Cheng Zheng
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Mathematics and Physics Centre, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 215123, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Qiang Ning
- The NanoX, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Peng
- School of Physical Sciences and Technology, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.
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44
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De Santis L, Antón C, Reznychenko B, Somaschi N, Coppola G, Senellart J, Gómez C, Lemaître A, Sagnes I, White AG, Lanco L, Auffèves A, Senellart P. A solid-state single-photon filter. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 12:663-667. [PMID: 28507332 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2017.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A strong limitation of linear optical quantum computing is the probabilistic operation of two-quantum-bit gates based on the coalescence of indistinguishable photons. A route to deterministic operation is to exploit the single-photon nonlinearity of an atomic transition. Through engineering of the atom-photon interaction, phase shifters, photon filters and photon-photon gates have been demonstrated with natural atoms. Proofs of concept have been reported with semiconductor quantum dots, yet limited by inefficient atom-photon interfaces and dephasing. Here, we report a highly efficient single-photon filter based on a large optical nonlinearity at the single-photon level, in a near-optimal quantum-dot cavity interface. When probed with coherent light wavepackets, the device shows a record nonlinearity threshold around 0.3 ± 0.1 incident photons. We demonstrate that 80% of the directly reflected light intensity consists of a single-photon Fock state and that the two- and three-photon components are strongly suppressed compared with the single-photon one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo De Santis
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Carlos Antón
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Bogdan Reznychenko
- CNRS, Inst. NEEL, Nanophysics and Semiconductors group, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble-Alpes &CNRS, Institut Néel, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Niccolo Somaschi
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Guillaume Coppola
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | | | - Carmen Gómez
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Aristide Lemaître
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Isabelle Sagnes
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Andrew G White
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Loïc Lanco
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Paris 7, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Alexia Auffèves
- CNRS, Inst. NEEL, Nanophysics and Semiconductors group, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble-Alpes &CNRS, Institut Néel, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Pascale Senellart
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
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45
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Morse KJ, Abraham RJS, DeAbreu A, Bowness C, Richards TS, Riemann H, Abrosimov NV, Becker P, Pohl HJ, Thewalt MLW, Simmons S. A photonic platform for donor spin qubits in silicon. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1700930. [PMID: 28782032 PMCID: PMC5529058 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Donor spins in silicon are highly competitive qubits for upcoming quantum technologies, offering complementary metal-oxide semiconductor compatibility, coherence (T2) times of minutes to hours, and simultaneous initialization, manipulation, and readout fidelities near ~99.9%. This allows for many quantum error correction protocols, which will be essential for scale-up. However, a proven method of reliably coupling spatially separated donor qubits has yet to be identified. We present a scalable silicon-based platform using the unique optical properties of "deep" chalcogen donors. For the prototypical 77Se+ donor, we measure lower bounds on the transition dipole moment and excited-state lifetime, enabling access to the strong coupling limit of cavity quantum electrodynamics using known silicon photonic resonator technology and integrated silicon photonics. We also report relatively strong photon emission from this same transition. These results unlock clear pathways for silicon-based quantum computing, spin-to-photon conversion, photonic memories, integrated single-photon sources, and all-optical switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Morse
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Rohan J. S. Abraham
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Adam DeAbreu
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Camille Bowness
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Timothy S. Richards
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Helge Riemann
- Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Peter Becker
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) Braunschweig, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Michael L. W. Thewalt
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Stephanie Simmons
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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46
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Lodahl P, Mahmoodian S, Stobbe S, Rauschenbeutel A, Schneeweiss P, Volz J, Pichler H, Zoller P. Chiral quantum optics. Nature 2017; 541:473-480. [PMID: 28128249 DOI: 10.1038/nature21037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Advanced photonic nanostructures are currently revolutionizing the optics and photonics that underpin applications ranging from light technology to quantum-information processing. The strong light confinement in these structures can lock the local polarization of the light to its propagation direction, leading to propagation-direction-dependent emission, scattering and absorption of photons by quantum emitters. The possibility of such a propagation-direction-dependent, or chiral, light-matter interaction is not accounted for in standard quantum optics and its recent discovery brought about the research field of chiral quantum optics. The latter offers fundamentally new functionalities and applications: it enables the assembly of non-reciprocal single-photon devices that can be operated in a quantum superposition of two or more of their operational states and the realization of deterministic spin-photon interfaces. Moreover, engineered directional photonic reservoirs could lead to the development of complex quantum networks that, for example, could simulate novel classes of quantum many-body systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lodahl
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sahand Mahmoodian
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Stobbe
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arno Rauschenbeutel
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Schneeweiss
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Volz
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannes Pichler
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Zoller
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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47
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Bhaskar MK, Sukachev DD, Sipahigil A, Evans RE, Burek MJ, Nguyen CT, Rogers LJ, Siyushev P, Metsch MH, Park H, Jelezko F, Lončar M, Lukin MD. Quantum Nonlinear Optics with a Germanium-Vacancy Color Center in a Nanoscale Diamond Waveguide. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017. [PMID: 28621982 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.223603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a quantum nanophotonics platform based on germanium-vacancy (GeV) color centers in fiber-coupled diamond nanophotonic waveguides. We show that GeV optical transitions have a high quantum efficiency and are nearly lifetime broadened in such nanophotonic structures. These properties yield an efficient interface between waveguide photons and a single GeV center without the use of a cavity or slow-light waveguide. As a result, a single GeV center reduces waveguide transmission by 18±1% on resonance in a single pass. We use a nanophotonic interferometer to perform homodyne detection of GeV resonance fluorescence. By probing the photon statistics of the output field, we demonstrate that the GeV-waveguide system is nonlinear at the single-photon level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Bhaskar
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - D D Sukachev
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the RAS, Leninsky Prospekt 53, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A Sipahigil
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - R E Evans
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M J Burek
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - C T Nguyen
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - L J Rogers
- Institute for Quantum Optics, University Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - P Siyushev
- Institute for Quantum Optics, University Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - M H Metsch
- Institute for Quantum Optics, University Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - H Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - F Jelezko
- Institute for Quantum Optics, University Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - M Lončar
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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48
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Sipahigil A, Evans RE, Sukachev DD, Burek MJ, Borregaard J, Bhaskar MK, Nguyen CT, Pacheco JL, Atikian HA, Meuwly C, Camacho RM, Jelezko F, Bielejec E, Park H, Lončar M, Lukin MD. An integrated diamond nanophotonics platform for quantum-optical networks. Science 2016; 354:847-850. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aah6875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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49
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Bennett AJ, Lee JP, Ellis DJP, Farrer I, Ritchie DA, Shields AJ. A semiconductor photon-sorter. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 11:857-860. [PMID: 27428275 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining substantial nonlinear effects at the single-photon level is a considerable challenge that holds great potential for quantum optical measurements and information processing. Of the progress that has been made in recent years one of the most promising methods is to scatter coherent light from quantum emitters, imprinting quantum correlations onto the photons. We report effective interactions between photons, controlled by a single semiconductor quantum dot that is weakly coupled to a monolithic cavity. We show that the nonlinearity of a transition modifies the counting statistics of a Poissonian beam, sorting the photons in number. This is used to create strong correlations between detection events and to create polarization-correlated photons from an uncorrelated stream using a single spin. These results pave the way for semiconductor optical switches operated by single quanta of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Bennett
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, Cambridge Research Laboratory, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0GZ, UK
| | - J P Lee
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, Cambridge Research Laboratory, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0GZ, UK
- Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK
| | - D J P Ellis
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, Cambridge Research Laboratory, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0GZ, UK
| | - I Farrer
- Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - D A Ritchie
- Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - A J Shields
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, Cambridge Research Laboratory, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0GZ, UK
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50
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Kyriienko O, Sørensen AS. Continuous-Wave Single-Photon Transistor Based on a Superconducting Circuit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:140503. [PMID: 27740803 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.140503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We propose a microwave frequency single-photon transistor which can operate under continuous wave probing and represents an efficient single microwave photon detector. It can be realized using an impedance matched system of a three level artificial ladder-type atom coupled to two microwave cavities connected to input-output waveguides. Using a classical drive on the upper transition, we find parameter space where a single photon control pulse incident on one of the cavities can be fully absorbed into hybridized excited states. This subsequently leads to series of quantum jumps in the upper manifold and the appearance of a photon flux leaving the second cavity through a separate input-output port. The proposal does not require time variation of the probe signals, thus corresponding to a passive version of a single-photon transistor. The resulting device is robust to qubit dephasing processes, possesses low dark count rate for large anharmonicity, and can be readily implemented using current technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Kyriienko
- The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders S Sørensen
- The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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