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Chandran S, Gibson KE. Utilizing Zebrafish Embryos for Replication of Tulane Virus: A Human Norovirus Surrogate. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2024:10.1007/s12560-024-09610-6. [PMID: 39179704 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-024-09610-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
The zebrafish larvae/embryo model has been shown to support the replication of seven strains (G1.7[P7], GII.2[P16], GII.3[P16], GII.4[P4], GII.4[P16], GII.6[P7], and GII.17[P13]) of human norovirus (HuNoV). However, due to challenges in consistently obtaining HuNoV-positive stool samples from clinical sources, evaluating HuNoV surrogates in this model is highly valuable. This study assesses the potential of zebrafish embryos and larvae as a model for Tulane virus (TuV) replication. Three infection methods were examined: microinjection, immersion, and feeding. Droplet digital PCR was used to quantify viral RNA across all three infection methods. Microinjection of 3 nL of TuV into zebrafish embryos (< 6-h post-fertilization) resulted in significant replication, with viral RNA levels reaching 6.22 logs at 4-day post-infection. In contrast, the immersion method showed no replication after immersing 4-day post-fertilization (dpf) larvae in TuV suspension for 6 h. Similarly, no replication was observed with the feeding method, where Paramecium caudatum loaded with TuV were fed to 4 dpf larvae. The findings indicate that the zebrafish embryo model supports TuV replication through the microinjection method, suggesting that TuV may serve as a useful surrogate for studying HuNoV pathogenesis. Additionally, TuV can be utilized in place of HuNoV in method optimization studies using the zebrafish embryo model, circumventing the limited availability of HuNoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahaana Chandran
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, 72704, USA
| | - Kristen E Gibson
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, 72704, USA.
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2
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Chan YH, Liu Z, Bastard P, Khobrekar N, Hutchison KM, Yamazaki Y, Fan Q, Matuozzo D, Harschnitz O, Kerrouche N, Nakajima K, Amin P, Yatim A, Rinchai D, Chen J, Zhang P, Ciceri G, Chen J, Dobbs K, Belkaya S, Lee D, Gervais A, Aydın K, Kartal A, Hasek ML, Zhao S, Reino EG, Lee YS, Seeleuthner Y, Chaldebas M, Bailey R, Vanhulle C, Lorenzo L, Boucherit S, Rozenberg F, Marr N, Mogensen TH, Aubart M, Cobat A, Dulac O, Emiroglu M, Paludan SR, Abel L, Notarangelo L, Longnecker R, Smith G, Studer L, Casanova JL, Zhang SY. Human TMEFF1 is a restriction factor for herpes simplex virus in the brain. Nature 2024; 632:390-400. [PMID: 39048830 PMCID: PMC11306101 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07745-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Most cases of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis (HSE) remain unexplained1,2. Here, we report on two unrelated people who had HSE as children and are homozygous for rare deleterious variants of TMEFF1, which encodes a cell membrane protein that is preferentially expressed by brain cortical neurons. TMEFF1 interacts with the cell-surface HSV-1 receptor NECTIN-1, impairing HSV-1 glycoprotein D- and NECTIN-1-mediated fusion of the virus and the cell membrane, blocking viral entry. Genetic TMEFF1 deficiency allows HSV-1 to rapidly enter cortical neurons that are either patient specific or derived from CRISPR-Cas9-engineered human pluripotent stem cells, thereby enhancing HSV-1 translocation to the nucleus and subsequent replication. This cellular phenotype can be rescued by pretreatment with type I interferon (IFN) or the expression of exogenous wild-type TMEFF1. Moreover, ectopic expression of full-length TMEFF1 or its amino-terminal extracellular domain, but not its carboxy-terminal intracellular domain, impairs HSV-1 entry into NECTIN-1-expressing cells other than neurons, increasing their resistance to HSV-1 infection. Human TMEFF1 is therefore a host restriction factor for HSV-1 entry into cortical neurons. Its constitutively high abundance in cortical neurons protects these cells from HSV-1 infection, whereas inherited TMEFF1 deficiency renders them susceptible to this virus and can therefore underlie HSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hao Chan
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Bastard
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Noopur Khobrekar
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology & Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kennen M Hutchison
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qing Fan
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniela Matuozzo
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Oliver Harschnitz
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology & Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA
- Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
| | - Nacim Kerrouche
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Koji Nakajima
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Param Amin
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology & Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ahmad Yatim
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Darawan Rinchai
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jie Chen
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabriele Ciceri
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology & Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kerry Dobbs
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Serkan Belkaya
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Danyel Lee
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Adrian Gervais
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Kürşad Aydın
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Kartal
- Child Neurology Department, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mary L Hasek
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shuxiang Zhao
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eduardo Garcia Reino
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yoon Seung Lee
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yoann Seeleuthner
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Chaldebas
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rasheed Bailey
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Lazaro Lorenzo
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Soraya Boucherit
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Flore Rozenberg
- Laboratory of Virology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Nico Marr
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Trine H Mogensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mélodie Aubart
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris-City University, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Cobat
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Dulac
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Melike Emiroglu
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Søren R Paludan
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Luigi Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard Longnecker
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Greg Smith
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lorenz Studer
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology & Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Shen-Ying Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.
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3
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Jiang Y, Sun L, Qiao N, Wang X, Zhu C, Xing M, Liu H, Zhou P, Zhou D. A quadrivalent norovirus vaccine based on a chimpanzee adenovirus vector induces potent immunity in mice. Virol Sin 2024; 39:675-684. [PMID: 38997087 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) infection is a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. The virus poses great challenges in developing vaccines with broad immune protection due to its genetic and antigenic diversity. To date, there are no approved NoV vaccines for clinical use. Here, we aimed to develop a broad-acting quadrivalent NoV vaccine based on a chimpanzee adenovirus vector, AdC68, carrying the major capsid protein (VP1) of noroviral GI and GII genotypes. Compared to intramuscular (i.m.), intranasal (i.n.), or other prime-boost immunization regimens (i.m. + i.m., i.m. + i.n., i.n. + i.m.), AdC68-GI.1-GII.3 (E1)-GII.4-GII.17 (E3), administered via i.n. + i.n. induced higher titers of serum IgG antibodies and higher IgA antibodies in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and saliva against the four homologous VP1s in mice. It also significantly stimulated the production of blocking antibodies against the four genotypes. In response to re-stimulation with virus-like particles (VLP)-GI.1, VLP-GII.3, VLP-GII.4, and VLP-GII.17, the quadrivalent vaccine administered according to the i.n. + i.n. regimen effectively triggered specific cell-mediated immune responses, primarily characterized by IFN-γ secretion. Furthermore, the preparation of this novel quadrivalent NoV vaccine requires only a single recombinant adenovirus to provide broad preventive immunity against the major GI/GII epidemic strains, making it a promising vaccine candidate for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Jiang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Lingjin Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Nan Qiao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Caihong Zhu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Man Xing
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China; Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Hui Liu
- R&D Centre, Chengdu Kanghua Biological Products Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610000, China.
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Dongming Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China; Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
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4
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Brustad N, Stokholm J, Bønnelykke K, Chawes BL. Vitamin D-FUT2 interaction and risk of lower respiratory tract infections in childhood. Allergy 2024. [PMID: 39075834 DOI: 10.1111/all.16266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicklas Brustad
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo L Chawes
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Di Domenico M, Serretiello E, Smimmo A, Vieira e Silva FF, Raimondi SA, Pascariello C, Marino MM, Lo Muzio L, Caponio VCA, Cantore S, Ballini A. Monitoring of Immune Memory by Phenotypical Lymphocyte Subsets Identikit: An Observational Study in a Blood Donors' Cohort. J Pers Med 2024; 14:733. [PMID: 39063987 PMCID: PMC11277854 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14070733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The cross-talk between the innate and adaptive immune response represents the first defense weapon against the threat of pathogens. Substantial evidence has shown a relationship between immune phenotype lymphocytes and COVID-19 disease severity and/or implication in susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Recently, belonging to ABO blood groups has been investigated as a correlation factor to COVID-19 disease. This pilot study investigated lymphocyte typing in a cohort of blood donors to understand the underlying mechanism in SARS-CoV-2 infection linked to the blood group. The study cohort consisted of 20-64-year-old subjects, without comorbidities, from both sexes, who were COVID-19 vaccinated with previous or no infection history. Whole blood samples, collected at A.O.R.N. Sant'Anna and San Sebastiano Hospital (Campania Region), were processed by multiparametric cytofluorimetric assay, to characterize CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T cell CD3+ subpopulations. The CD45RA, CCR7, CD27, CD28, CD57 and PD-1 markers were investigated to delineate the peripheral T-cell maturation stages. Differences were detected in ABO blood types in CD3+, CD4+ gated on CD3+, CD8+ and CD8+ gated on CD3+ percentage. These results contribute to identifying a memory cell "identikit" profile in COVID-19 disease, thus leading to a useful tool in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Di Domenico
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.D.D.); (E.S.); (A.S.); (F.F.V.e.S.); (M.M.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Enrica Serretiello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.D.D.); (E.S.); (A.S.); (F.F.V.e.S.); (M.M.M.); (A.B.)
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio and Ruggi D’Aragona University Hospital, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Annafrancesca Smimmo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.D.D.); (E.S.); (A.S.); (F.F.V.e.S.); (M.M.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Fábio França Vieira e Silva
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.D.D.); (E.S.); (A.S.); (F.F.V.e.S.); (M.M.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Sonia Anna Raimondi
- Azienda Ospedaliera “Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano”, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (S.A.R.); (C.P.)
| | - Caterina Pascariello
- Azienda Ospedaliera “Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano”, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (S.A.R.); (C.P.)
| | - Maria Michela Marino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.D.D.); (E.S.); (A.S.); (F.F.V.e.S.); (M.M.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (L.L.M.); (V.C.A.C.)
| | - Vito Carlo Alberto Caponio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (L.L.M.); (V.C.A.C.)
| | - Stefania Cantore
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.D.D.); (E.S.); (A.S.); (F.F.V.e.S.); (M.M.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.D.D.); (E.S.); (A.S.); (F.F.V.e.S.); (M.M.M.); (A.B.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (L.L.M.); (V.C.A.C.)
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Fathollahi A, Bashizadeh Fakhar H, Shaghaghi B. Relationship between blood group (ABO) and risk of COVID-19 infection in a patient cohort in Tehran, Iran. Access Microbiol 2024; 6:000544.v5. [PMID: 39045258 PMCID: PMC11261716 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000544.v5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose. Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a contagious disease causing severe acute respiratory syndrome which had a catastrophic effect on the world population and resulted in more than 2.9 million deaths worldwide. Epidemiological investigations have recently announced blood type has an association with the incidence of COVID-19 infection. Consequently, research in this regard can be effective in determining a person's susceptibility to a viral infection. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between blood types and the risk of COVID-19 in patients admitted to Khorshid laboratory, Tehran, Iran. Materials and methods. From January to March 2020, 50 nasal and throat swapb samples of patients' secretions were obtained from patients who were admitted to Khorshid laboratory. They were confirmed to have COVID-19 virus RNA and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-ABI, and their blood type was determined simultaneously. After collecting data to determine the relationship between COVID-19 infection and blood type, a confidence interval of 90 % was considered using SPSS 16. Results. The mean age of the patients was measured at 38.4±6.3 years. According to PCR results, 100 % of the subjects with COVID-19 showed blood type A. In addition, the ratio of blood type A to the percentage of reference type O was higher (P=0.009). Conclusion. There was a significant relationship between ABO blood type and susceptibility to COVID-19. As the current study suggests, those with blood type A are at a higher COVID-19 infection risk than those with blood type O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asal Fathollahi
- Department of Medical Science, Chalus Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chalous, Iran
| | | | - Babak Shaghaghi
- Department of Laboratory Science, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chalous, Iran
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7
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Bykov R, Itani T, Starikova P, Skryabina S, Kilyachina A, Koltunov S, Romanov S, Semenov A. Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationship of Human Norovirus Sequences Derived from Municipalities within the Sverdlovsk Region of Russia. Viruses 2024; 16:1001. [PMID: 39066164 PMCID: PMC11281373 DOI: 10.3390/v16071001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are highly contagious pathogens responsible of norovirus-associated acute gastroenteritis (AGE). GII.4 is the prevailing HuNoV genotype worldwide. Currently there are no studies on the molecular monitoring and phylogenetic analysis of HuNoVs in the territory of the Sverdlovsk region; therefore, it is not possible to objectively assess their genetic diversity. The aim of the study is to carry out genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of HuNoVs in the Sverdlovsk region from 2022 to 2023. Fecal samples (n = 510) were collected from children suffering from HuNoV-AGE in municipalities of the Sverdlovsk region and the capsid genotype was determined by amplifying the ORF1/ORF2 junction. Of the 196 HuNoVs typed, which represent 38% of the studied samples, the largest share of HuNoV genotypes belong to the GII genogroup-86%, followed by the GI genogroup-14%. Noroviruses GII.4 and GII.17 were the co-dominant capsid genotypes (33.2% each). Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that the identified sequences on the territory of the Sverdlovsk region have the smallest genetic distance, which gives grounds for their unification into a common cluster. Routine monitoring and phylogenetic analysis of circulating norovirus pathogens spectrum will enable timely tracking of HuNoVs genetic diversity and evolutionary events. This will lead to the development of more effective anti-epidemic measures, ultimately reducing the burden of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Bykov
- Federal Budgetary Institution of Science, «Federal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections «Virome»», Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Ekaterinburg 620030, Russia; (T.I.); (P.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Tarek Itani
- Federal Budgetary Institution of Science, «Federal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections «Virome»», Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Ekaterinburg 620030, Russia; (T.I.); (P.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Polina Starikova
- Federal Budgetary Institution of Science, «Federal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections «Virome»», Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Ekaterinburg 620030, Russia; (T.I.); (P.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Svetlana Skryabina
- Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing in the Sverdlovsk Region, Ekaterinburg 620078, Russia;
| | - Anastasia Kilyachina
- Federal Budgetary Healthcare Institution «Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Sverdlovsk Region», Ekaterinburg 620078, Russia; (A.K.); (S.K.); (S.R.)
| | - Stanislav Koltunov
- Federal Budgetary Healthcare Institution «Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Sverdlovsk Region», Ekaterinburg 620078, Russia; (A.K.); (S.K.); (S.R.)
| | - Sergey Romanov
- Federal Budgetary Healthcare Institution «Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Sverdlovsk Region», Ekaterinburg 620078, Russia; (A.K.); (S.K.); (S.R.)
| | - Aleksandr Semenov
- Federal Budgetary Institution of Science, «Federal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections «Virome»», Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Ekaterinburg 620030, Russia; (T.I.); (P.S.); (A.S.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Ural State Medical University, Ekaterinburg 620109, Russia
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg 620075, Russia
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8
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Schäfer A, Gralinski LE, Leist SR, Hampton BK, Mooney MA, Jensen KL, Graham RL, Agnihothram S, Jeng S, Chamberlin S, Bell TA, Scobey DT, Linnertz CL, VanBlargan LA, Thackray LB, Hock P, Miller DR, Shaw GD, Diamond MS, de Villena FPM, McWeeney SK, Heise MT, Menachery VD, Ferris MT, Baric RS. Genetic loci regulate Sarbecovirus pathogenesis: A comparison across mice and humans. Virus Res 2024; 344:199357. [PMID: 38508400 PMCID: PMC10981091 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Coronavirus (CoV) cause considerable morbidity and mortality in humans and other mammals, as evidenced by the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory CoV (SARS-CoV) in 2003, Middle East Respiratory CoV (MERS-CoV) in 2012, and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019. Although poorly characterized, natural genetic variation in human and other mammals modulate virus pathogenesis, as reflected by the spectrum of clinical outcomes ranging from asymptomatic infections to lethal disease. Using multiple human epidemic and zoonotic Sarbecoviruses, coupled with murine Collaborative Cross genetic reference populations, we identify several dozen quantitative trait loci that regulate SARS-like group-2B CoV pathogenesis and replication. Under a Chr4 QTL, we deleted a candidate interferon stimulated gene, Trim14 which resulted in enhanced SARS-CoV titers and clinical disease, suggesting an antiviral role during infection. Importantly, about 60 % of the murine QTL encode susceptibility genes identified as priority candidates from human genome-wide association studies (GWAS) studies after SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting that similar selective forces have targeted analogous genes and pathways to regulate Sarbecovirus disease across diverse mammalian hosts. These studies provide an experimental platform in rodents to investigate the molecular-genetic mechanisms by which potential cross mammalian susceptibility loci and genes regulate type-specific and cross-SARS-like group 2B CoV replication, immunity, and pathogenesis in rodent models. Our study also provides a paradigm for identifying susceptibility loci for other highly heterogeneous and virulent viruses that sporadically emerge from zoonotic reservoirs to plague human and animal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Lisa E Gralinski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Sarah R Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brea K Hampton
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael A Mooney
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kara L Jensen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rachel L Graham
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sudhakar Agnihothram
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sophia Jeng
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Steven Chamberlin
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Timothy A Bell
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - D Trevor Scobey
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Colton L Linnertz
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laura A VanBlargan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Larissa B Thackray
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pablo Hock
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Darla R Miller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ginger D Shaw
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology2, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology3, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fernando Pardo Manuel de Villena
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shannon K McWeeney
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mark T Heise
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Discovery Initiative, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC, USA
| | - Vineet D Menachery
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston TX, USA; Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense & Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Martin T Ferris
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Discovery Initiative, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC, USA.
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9
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Carlson KB, Dilley A, O'Grady T, Johnson JA, Lopman B, Viscidi E. A narrative review of norovirus epidemiology, biology, and challenges to vaccine development. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:94. [PMID: 38811605 PMCID: PMC11137017 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00884-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Norovirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) globally. AGE resulting from norovirus causes significant morbidity and mortality in countries of all income levels, particularly among young children and older adults. Prevention of norovirus AGE represents a unique challenge as the virus is genetically diverse with multiple genogroups and genotypes cocirculating globally and causing disease in humans. Variants of the GII.4 genotype are typically the most common genotype, and other genotypes cause varying amounts of disease year-to-year, with GII.2, GII.3, and GII.6 most prevalent in recent years. Noroviruses are primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route and only a very small number of virions are required for infection, which makes outbreaks of norovirus extremely difficult to control when they occur. Settings like long-term care facilities, daycares, and hospitals are at high risk of outbreaks and can have very high attack rates resulting in substantial costs and disease burden. Severe cases of norovirus AGE are most common in vulnerable patient populations, such as infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals, with available treatments limited to rehydration therapies and supportive care. To date, there are no FDA-approved norovirus vaccines; however, several candidates are currently in development. Given the substantial human and economic burden associated with norovirus AGE, a vaccine to prevent morbidity and mortality and protect vulnerable populations could have a significant impact on global public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Dilley
- Epidemiologic Research & Methods, LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jordan A Johnson
- Epidemiologic Research & Methods, LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ben Lopman
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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10
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Omatola CA, Mshelbwala PP, Okolo MLO, Onoja AB, Abraham JO, Adaji DM, Samson SO, Okeme TO, Aminu RF, Akor ME, Ayeni G, Muhammed D, Akoh PQ, Ibrahim DS, Edegbo E, Yusuf L, Ocean HO, Akpala SN, Musa OA, Adamu AM. Noroviruses: Evolutionary Dynamics, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Vaccine Advances-A Comprehensive Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:590. [PMID: 38932319 PMCID: PMC11209302 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Noroviruses constitute a significant aetiology of sporadic and epidemic gastroenteritis in human hosts worldwide, especially among young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients. The low infectious dose of the virus, protracted shedding in faeces, and the ability to persist in the environment promote viral transmission in different socioeconomic settings. Considering the substantial disease burden across healthcare and community settings and the difficulty in controlling the disease, we review aspects related to current knowledge about norovirus biology, mechanisms driving the evolutionary trends, epidemiology and molecular diversity, pathogenic mechanism, and immunity to viral infection. Additionally, we discuss the reservoir hosts, intra-inter host dynamics, and potential eco-evolutionary significance. Finally, we review norovirus vaccines in the development pipeline and further discuss the various host and pathogen factors that may complicate vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Arome Omatola
- Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba 272102, Kogi State, Nigeria; (C.A.O.)
| | | | | | - Anyebe Bernard Onoja
- Department of Virology, University College Hospital, Ibadan 211101, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Oyiguh Abraham
- Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba 272102, Kogi State, Nigeria; (C.A.O.)
| | - David Moses Adaji
- Department of Biotechnology Science and Engineering, University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Sunday Ocholi Samson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 29, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Therisa Ojomideju Okeme
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Lokoja, Lokoja 260101, Kogi State, Nigeria
| | - Ruth Foluke Aminu
- Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba 272102, Kogi State, Nigeria; (C.A.O.)
| | - Monday Eneojo Akor
- Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba 272102, Kogi State, Nigeria; (C.A.O.)
| | - Gideon Ayeni
- Department of Biochemistry, Kogi State University, Anyigba 272102, Kogi State, Nigeria
| | - Danjuma Muhammed
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Department of Biology, Universiti Putra, Seri Kembangan 43300, Malaysia
| | - Phoebe Queen Akoh
- Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba 272102, Kogi State, Nigeria; (C.A.O.)
| | | | - Emmanuel Edegbo
- Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba 272102, Kogi State, Nigeria; (C.A.O.)
| | - Lamidi Yusuf
- Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba 272102, Kogi State, Nigeria; (C.A.O.)
| | | | - Sumaila Ndah Akpala
- Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba 272102, Kogi State, Nigeria; (C.A.O.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Federal University Lokoja, Lokoja 260101, Kogi State, Nigeria
| | - Oiza Aishat Musa
- Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba 272102, Kogi State, Nigeria; (C.A.O.)
| | - Andrew Musa Adamu
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, QLD, Australia
- College of Public Health Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Biosecurity, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, QLD, Australia
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11
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Yang Y, An R, Lyu C, Wang D. Interactions between human norovirus and intestinal microbiota/microbes: A scoping review. Food Microbiol 2024; 119:104456. [PMID: 38225056 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Human norovirus (HuNoV) is an important foodborne virus, which causes non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis and is associated with a high disease burden. Recently, researchers have focus on the interaction between HuNoV and intestinal microbiota/microbes and engaged in studies investigating the implications of this interaction on HuNoV infection. However, the interaction mechanism and the implication of this interaction on host remain obscure. Current scoping review aimed to systematically investigate the interaction between HuNoV and intestinal microbiota, as well as their implication on HuNoV or HuNoV related symptoms. We found that HuNoV could bind to intestinal microbes and affect the intestinal microbial composition, diversity, and microbial gene expression. In reverse, intestinal microbes could affect HuNoV infectivity, although demonstrating contradictory effects (i.e., promote or inhibit HuNoV replication). These contradictory effects existed among microbes, in part, could be attributed to the differences among microbes (histo-blood group antigens and/or other small molecule substances). Results of current scoping review could assist in the selection and isolation of potential microbial candidates to prevent and/or alleviate HuNoV related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Yang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ran An
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chenang Lyu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Dapeng Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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12
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Song H, Chu J, Li W, Li X, Fang L, Han J, Zhao S, Ma Y. A Novel Approach Utilizing Domain Adversarial Neural Networks for the Detection and Classification of Selective Sweeps. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304842. [PMID: 38308186 PMCID: PMC11005742 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The identification and classification of selective sweeps are of great significance for improving the understanding of biological evolution and exploring opportunities for precision medicine and genetic improvement. Here, a domain adaptation sweep detection and classification (DASDC) method is presented to balance the alignment of two domains and the classification performance through a domain-adversarial neural network and its adversarial learning modules. DASDC effectively addresses the issue of mismatch between training data and real genomic data in deep learning models, leading to a significant improvement in its generalization capability, prediction robustness, and accuracy. The DASDC method demonstrates improved identification performance compared to existing methods and excels in classification performance, particularly in scenarios where there is a mismatch between application data and training data. The successful implementation of DASDC in real data of three distinct species highlights its potential as a useful tool for identifying crucial functional genes and investigating adaptive evolutionary mechanisms, particularly with the increasing availability of genomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Song
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal GeneticsBreeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of AgricultureHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Jinyu Chu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal GeneticsBreeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of AgricultureHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Wangjiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal GeneticsBreeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of AgricultureHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Xinyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal GeneticsBreeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of AgricultureHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryWuhan430070China
| | - Lingzhao Fang
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and GenomicsAarhus UniversityAarhus8000Denmark
| | - Jianlin Han
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal GeneticsBreeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of AgricultureHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
- CAAS‐ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic ResourcesInstitute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)Beijing100193China
- Livestock Genetics ProgramInternational Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)Nairobi00100Kenya
| | - Shuhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal GeneticsBreeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of AgricultureHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryWuhan430070China
- Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Guangdong LaboratoryGuangzhou510642China
| | - Yunlong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal GeneticsBreeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of AgricultureHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryWuhan430070China
- Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Guangdong LaboratoryGuangzhou510642China
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13
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Ferous S, Siafakas N, Boufidou F, Patrinos GP, Tsakris A, Anastassopoulou C. Investigating ABO Blood Groups and Secretor Status in Relation to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Severity. J Pers Med 2024; 14:346. [PMID: 38672973 PMCID: PMC11051264 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14040346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The ABO blood groups, Lewis antigens, and secretor systems are important components of transfusion medicine. These interconnected systems have been also shown to be associated with differing susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections, likely as the result of selection over the course of evolution and the constant tug of war between humans and infectious microbes. This comprehensive narrative review aimed to explore the literature and to present the current state of knowledge on reported associations of the ABO, Lewis, and secretor blood groups with SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. Our main finding was that the A blood group may be associated with increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and possibly also with increased disease severity and overall mortality. The proposed pathophysiological pathways explaining this potential association include antibody-mediated mechanisms and increased thrombotic risk amongst blood group A individuals, in addition to altered inflammatory cytokine expression profiles. Preliminary evidence does not support the association between ABO blood groups and COVID-19 vaccine response, or the risk of developing long COVID. Even though the emergency state of the pandemic is over, further research is needed especially in this area since tens of millions of people worldwide suffer from lingering COVID-19 symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Ferous
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.F.); (A.T.)
| | - Nikolaos Siafakas
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Attikon General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Fotini Boufidou
- Neurochemistry and Biological Markers Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - George P. Patrinos
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Athanasios Tsakris
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.F.); (A.T.)
| | - Cleo Anastassopoulou
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.F.); (A.T.)
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14
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Farkas T, Srivastava V. Strain-specific requirements of susceptibility to rhesus enteric calicivirus infection. J Virol 2024; 98:e0185123. [PMID: 38353537 PMCID: PMC10949478 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01851-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, we identified the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) as the entry receptor for rhesus enteric calicivirus (ReCV) isolate FT285 and demonstrated that co-expression of the CAR and the type B histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) is required to convert the resistant CHO cell line susceptible to infection. To address whether the CAR is also the functional entry receptor for other ReCV isolates and the requirement for specific HBGAs or other glycans, here we used a panel of recombinant CHO cell lines expressing the CAR and the type A, B, or H HBGAs alone or in combination. Infection studies with three diverse ReCV strains, the prototype GI.1 Tulane virus (TV), GI.2 ReCV-FT285, and GI.3 ReCV-FT7, identified that cell surface expression of the CAR is an absolute requirement for all three strains to promote susceptibility to infection, while the requirement for HBGAs varies among the strains. In addition to the CAR, ReCV-FT285 and TV require type A or B HBGAs for infection. In the absence of HBGAs, TV, but not Re-CV FT285, can also utilize sialic acids, while ReCV-FT7 infection is HBGA-independent and relies on CAR and sialic acid expression. In summary, we demonstrated strain-specific diversity of susceptibility requirements for ReCV infections and that CAR, type A and B HBGA, and sialic acid expression control susceptibility to infection with the three ReCV isolates studied. Our study also indicates that the correlation between in vitro HBGA binding and HBGAs required for infection is relatively high, but not absolute. This has direct implications for human noroviruses.IMPORTANCEHuman noroviruses (HuNoVs) are important enteric pathogens. The lack of a robust HuNoV cell culture system is a bottleneck for HuNoV cell culture-based studies. Often, cell culture-adapted caliciviruses that rapidly replicate in conventional cell lines and recapitulate biological features of HuNoVs are utilized as surrogates. Particularly, rhesus enteric caliciviruses (ReCVs) display remarkable similarities, including the primate host, clinical manifestation of gastroenteritis, genetic/antigenic diversity, and reliance on histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) for attachment. While the HuNoV entry receptor(s) is unknown, the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) has recently been identified as the ReCV entry receptor. Here, we identified the CAR, the type A and B HBGAs, and sialic acids as critical cell surface molecules controlling susceptibility to ReCV infections. The CAR is required for all ReCV isolates studied. However, the requirement for the different carbohydrate molecules varies among different ReCV strains. Our findings have direct implications for HuNoVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Farkas
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Vinod Srivastava
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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15
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Hong X, Xue L, Cao Y, Xu R, Wang J, Gao J, Miao S, Jiang Y, Kou X. The variation of antigenic and histo-blood group binding sites synergistically drive the evolution among chronologically emerging GII.4 noroviruses. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26567. [PMID: 38463890 PMCID: PMC10920170 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Norovirus, commonly found on shellfish and vegetables, is a foodborne virus with GII.4 as the dominant genotype responsible for widespread outbreaks since 1995. Continuous variation of major capsid protein VP1 can lead to changes in the immunogenicity and host receptor binding ability of norovirus, which is an important evolutionary mechanism. Therefore, analyzing the immunogenicity of VP1 and its binding ability to various HBGAs in GII.4 variants could improve our understanding of the persistent prevalence of GII.4. Here, the results suggest that GII.4 has gradually enhanced its HBGAs binding ability over time for various types of receptors. Variants exhibit significantly stronger immune response to homologous mouse antiserum than heterologous ones, highlighting the importance of variation of antigenic and histo-blood group binding sites in driving the evolution of GII.4. These synergistic forces constantly lead to antigenic drift and changes in receptor binding, resulting in continuous emergence of new variant strains and sustained prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Hong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Science, China
| | - Liang Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Science, China
| | - Yingwen Cao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiquan Xu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingmin Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junshan Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Science, China
| | - Shuidi Miao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Science, China
| | - Yueting Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiaoxia Kou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Wasielewski VV, Itani TM, Zakharova YA, Semenov AV. Current trends and new approaches for human norovirus replication in cell culture: a literature review. Arch Virol 2024; 169:71. [PMID: 38459228 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-05999-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Human norovirus (HuNoV) is one of the world's leading causes of acute gastroenteritis. At present, effective reproduction of the virus in cell cultures remains a challenge for virologists, as there is a lack of a permissive cell line that allows the entire viral life cycle to be reproduced. This is a barrier to the study of the HuNoV life cycle, its tropism, and virus-host interactions. It is also a major hurdle for the development of viral detection platforms, and ultimately for the development of therapeutics. The lack of an inexpensive, technically simple, and easily implemented cultivation method also negatively affects our ability to evaluate the efficacy of a variety of control measures (disinfectants, food processes) for human norovirus. In the process of monitoring this pathogen, it is necessary to detect infectious viral particles in water, food, and other environmental samples. Therefore, improvement of in vitro replication of HuNoV is still needed. In this review, we discuss current trends and new approaches to HuNoV replication in cell culture. We highlight ways in which previous research on HuNoV and other noroviruses has guided and influenced the development of new HuNoV culture systems and discuss the improvement of in vitro replication of HuNoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin V Wasielewski
- Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Federal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections «Virome», Ekaterinburg, 620030, Russian Federation
| | - Tarek M Itani
- Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Federal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections «Virome», Ekaterinburg, 620030, Russian Federation.
| | - Yuliya A Zakharova
- Institute of Disinfectology of the F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Centre of Hygiene Rospotrebnadzor, Mosсow, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksandr V Semenov
- Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Federal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections «Virome», Ekaterinburg, 620030, Russian Federation
- Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
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17
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Borghesi A. Life-threatening infections in human newborns: Reconciling age-specific vulnerability and interindividual variability. Cell Immunol 2024; 397-398:104807. [PMID: 38232634 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2024.104807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
In humans, the interindividual variability of clinical outcome following exposure to a microorganism is immense, ranging from silent infection to life-threatening disease. Age-specific immune responses partially account for the high incidence of infection during the first 28 days of life and the related high mortality at population level. However, the occurrence of life-threatening disease in individual newborns remains unexplained. By contrast, inborn errors of immunity and their immune phenocopies are increasingly being discovered in children and adults with life-threatening viral, bacterial, mycobacterial and fungal infections. There is a need for convergence between the fields of neonatal immunology, with its in-depth population-wide characterization of newborn-specific immune responses, and clinical immunology, with its investigations of infections in patients at the cellular and molecular levels, to facilitate identification of the mechanisms of susceptibility to infection in individual newborns and the design of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Borghesi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, San Matteo Research Hospital, Pavia, EU, Italy; School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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18
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Akalu YT, Bogunovic D. Inborn errors of immunity: an expanding universe of disease and genetic architecture. Nat Rev Genet 2024; 25:184-195. [PMID: 37863939 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-023-00656-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) are generally considered to be rare monogenic disorders of the immune system that cause immunodeficiency, autoinflammation, autoimmunity, allergy and/or cancer. Here, we discuss evidence that IEIs need not be rare disorders or exclusively affect the immune system. Namely, an increasing number of patients with IEIs present with severe dysregulations of the central nervous, digestive, renal or pulmonary systems. Current challenges in the diagnosis of IEIs that result from the segregated practice of specialized medicine could thus be mitigated, in part, by immunogenetic approaches. Starting with a brief historical overview of IEIs, we then discuss the technological advances that are facilitating the immunogenetic study of IEIs, progress in understanding disease penetrance in IEIs, the expanding universe of IEIs affecting distal organ systems and the future of genetic, biochemical and medical discoveries in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemsratch T Akalu
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Precision Immunology Institute, Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dusan Bogunovic
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Precision Immunology Institute, Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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19
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Rimkute I, Chaimongkol N, Woods KD, Nagata BM, Darko S, Gudbole S, Henry AR, Sosnovtsev SV, Olia AS, Verardi R, Bok K, Todd JP, Woodward R, Kwong PD, Douek DC, Alves DA, Green KY, Roederer M. A non-human primate model for human norovirus infection. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:776-786. [PMID: 38321182 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Norovirus infection can cause gastrointestinal disease in humans. Development of therapies and vaccines against norovirus have been limited by the lack of a suitable and reliable animal model. Here we established rhesus macaques as an animal model for human norovirus infection. We show that rhesus macaques are susceptible to oral infection with human noroviruses from two different genogroups. Variation in duration of virus shedding (days to weeks) between animals, evolution of the virus over the time of infection, induction of virus-specific adaptive immune responses, susceptibility to reinfection and preferential replication of norovirus in the jejunum of rhesus macaques was similar to infection reported in humans. We found minor pathological signs and changes in epithelial cell surface glycosylation patterns in the small intestine during infection. Detection of viral protein and RNA in intestinal biopsies confirmed the presence of the virus in chromogranin A-expressing epithelial cells, as it does in humans. Thus, rhesus macaques are a promising non-human primate model to evaluate vaccines and therapeutics against norovirus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Rimkute
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Natthawan Chaimongkol
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kamron D Woods
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bianca M Nagata
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Samuel Darko
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sucheta Gudbole
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy R Henry
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stanislav V Sosnovtsev
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adam S Olia
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Raffaello Verardi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karin Bok
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John-Paul Todd
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ruth Woodward
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Derron A Alves
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Kim Y Green
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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20
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Størdal K, Tapia G, Lund-Blix NA, Stene LC. Genotypes predisposing for celiac disease and autoimmune diabetes and risk of infections in early childhood. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2024; 78:295-303. [PMID: 38374560 DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Infections in early childhood have been associated with risk of celiac disease (CD) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). We investigated whether this is driven by susceptibility genes for autoimmune disease by comparing infection frequency by genetic susceptibility variants for CD or T1D. METHODS We genotyped 373 controls and 384 children who developed CD or T1D in the population-based Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort study (MoBa) study for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ, FUT2, SH2B3, and PTPN22, and calculated a weighted non-HLA genetic risk score (GRS) for CD and T1D based on over 40 SNPs. Parents reported infections in questionnaires when children were 6 and 18 months old. We used negative binomial regression to estimate incidence rate ratio (IRR) for infections by genotype. RESULTS HLA genotypes for CD and T1D or non-HLA GRS for T1D were not associated with infections. The non-HLA GRS for CD was associated with a nonsignificantly lower frequency of infections (aIRR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.87-1.03 per weighted allele score), and significantly so when restricting to healthy controls (aIRR: 0.89, 0.81-0.99). Participants homozygous for rs601338(A;A) at FUT2, often referred to as nonsecretors, had a nonsignificantly lower risk of infections (aIRR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.83-1.01). SH2B3 and PTPN22 genotypes were not associated with infections. The association between infections and risk of CD (OR: 1.15 per five infections) was strengthened after adjustment for HLA genotype and non-HLA GRS (OR: 1.24). CONCLUSIONS HLA variants and non-HLA GRS conferring susceptibility for CD were not associated with increased risk of infections in early childhood and is unlikely to drive the observed association between infections and risk of CD or T1D in many studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketil Størdal
- Department of Pediatric Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - German Tapia
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Lars C Stene
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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21
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Lu G, Chen W, Lu Y, Yu Q, Gao L, Xin S, Zhou G. Association of ABO blood group, Rh phenotype and MN blood group with susceptibility to COVID-19. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296917. [PMID: 38241306 PMCID: PMC10798469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that the susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is related to ABO blood group, but the relationship with Rh phenotype and MN blood group is unknown. China had adopted a strict control policy on COVID-19 until December 5, 2022, when local communities were liberalized. Therefore, we aimed to explore the correlation between ABO blood group, Rh phenotype, MN blood group and susceptibility to COVID-19 based on the time sequence of infection during the pandemic. METHODS A total of 870 patients who were routinely hospitalized in Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital from March 1, 2023 to March 31, 2023 were randomly selected to enroll in this study. Patients were divided into susceptible group and non-susceptible group, according to the time of their previous infection. The demographics and clinical information of the enrolled participants were collected from electronic medical records. The association of ABO blood group, Rh phenotype and MN blood group with susceptibility to COVID-19 was analyzed. RESULTS A total of 650 cases (74.7%) had been infected with COVID-19, with 157 cases (18.0%) in the second week and 252 cases (29.0%) in the third week, reaching the peak of infection. Compared with the non-susceptible group, the susceptible group had no statistically significant differences in ABO blood group and Rh phenotype, but the proportion of N+ was higher (75.6% vs 68.9%, P = 0.030) and the proportion of MM was lower (24.4% vs 31.1%, P = 0.030). Consistent with this, ABO blood group and Rh phenotype were not significantly associated with susceptibility to COVID-19 (P>0.05), while N+ and MM were associated with susceptibility to COVID-19 (OR: 1.432, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.049, 1.954, P = 0.024; OR: 0.698, 95% CI: 0.512, 0.953, P = 0.024, respectively), after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, basic disease, and vaccination status in multivariate logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION Our study showed that ABO blood group and Rh phenotype may not be related to the susceptibility to COVID-19, but MN blood group may be associated with the susceptibility to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genjie Lu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yangfang Lu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qilin Yu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shijun Xin
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Guanbao Zhou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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22
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Abou-Hamad N, Estienney M, Chassagnon R, Bon M, Daval-Frerot P, de Rougemont A, Guyot S, Bouyer F, Belliot G. Biological and physico-chemical characterization of human norovirus-like particles under various environmental conditions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 231:113545. [PMID: 37741147 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the predominant etiological agent of viral gastroenteritis in all age groups worldwide. Mutations over the years have affected noroviruses' responses to environmental conditions due to the arrangement of amino acid residues exposed on the VP1 capsid surface of each strain. The GII.4 HuNoV genotype has been the predominant variant for decades, while the GII.17 genotype has often been detected in East Asia since 2014. Here, GII.17 and GII.4 baculovirus-expressed VLPs (virus-like particles) were used to study the biological (binding to HuNoV ligand, namely the ABO and Lewis antigens) and physicochemical properties (size, morphology, and charge) of the HuNoV capsid under different conditions (temperature, pH, and ionic strength). GII.17 showed stability at low and high ionic strength, while GII.4 aggregated at an ionic strength of 10 mM. The nature of the buffers influences the morphology and stability of the VLPs. Here, both VLPs were highly stable from pH 7-8.5 at 25 °C. VLPs retained HBGA binding capability for the pH, ionic strength and temperature encountered in the stomach (fed state) and the small intestine. Increasing the temperature to above 65 °C altered the morphology of VLPs, causing aggregation, and decreased their affinity to HBGAs. Comparing both isolates, GII.17 showed a better stability profile and higher affinity to HBGAs than GII.4, making them interesting candidate particles for a future norovirus vaccine. Biological and physicochemical studies of VLPs are as pertinent as ever in view of the future arrival of VLP-based HuNoV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Abou-Hamad
- National Reference Centre for Viral Gastroenteritis, Laboratory of Virology, University Hospital of Dijon, France; UMR PAM A 02.102, UBFC / Institut Agro Dijon, France; Laboratoire ICB UMR 6303 CNRS/Université de Bourgogne, 9 av. Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Marie Estienney
- National Reference Centre for Viral Gastroenteritis, Laboratory of Virology, University Hospital of Dijon, France; UMR PAM A 02.102, UBFC / Institut Agro Dijon, France
| | - Rémi Chassagnon
- Laboratoire ICB UMR 6303 CNRS/Université de Bourgogne, 9 av. Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Marjorie Bon
- National Reference Centre for Viral Gastroenteritis, Laboratory of Virology, University Hospital of Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Daval-Frerot
- National Reference Centre for Viral Gastroenteritis, Laboratory of Virology, University Hospital of Dijon, France
| | - Alexis de Rougemont
- National Reference Centre for Viral Gastroenteritis, Laboratory of Virology, University Hospital of Dijon, France; UMR PAM A 02.102, UBFC / Institut Agro Dijon, France
| | | | - Frédéric Bouyer
- Laboratoire ICB UMR 6303 CNRS/Université de Bourgogne, 9 av. Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France.
| | - Gaël Belliot
- National Reference Centre for Viral Gastroenteritis, Laboratory of Virology, University Hospital of Dijon, France; UMR PAM A 02.102, UBFC / Institut Agro Dijon, France.
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23
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Ibaraki M, Lai L, Huerta C, Natrajan MS, Collins MH, Anderson EJ, Mulligan MJ, Rouphael N, Moe CL, Liu P. Blockade Antibody Responses in Human Subjects Challenged with a New Snow Mountain Virus Inoculum. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3153900. [PMID: 37790500 PMCID: PMC10543019 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3153900/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Noroviruses (NoVs) are a leading cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis in young children and adults worldwide. Snow Mountain Virus (SMV) is the prototype of NoV GII genotype 2 (GII.2) that has been developed as a viral model for human challenge models, an important tool for studying pathogenesis and immune response of NoV infections and for evaluating NoV vaccine candidates. Previous studies have identified blockade antibodies that block the binding of NoV virus-like particles (VLPs) to histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) as a surrogate for neutralization in human Norwalk virus and GII.4 infections but little is known about SMV blockade antibodies. Methods In this secondary data analysis study, blockade antibodies were characterized in pre-challenge and post-challenge serum samples from human subjects challenged with a new SMV inoculum. The correlation between blockade antibody geometric mean antibody titers (GMTs) and SMV-specific serum IgG/IgA GMTs were examined after stratifying the subjects by infection status. A linear mixed model was applied to test the association between HBGA blockade antibody concentrations and post-challenge days accounting for covariates and random effects. Results Laboratory results from 33 SMV inoculated individuals were analyzed and 75.7% (25/33) participants became infected. Serum SMV-specific blockade antibodies, IgA, and IgG were all significantly different between infected and uninfected individuals beginning day 15 post-challenge. Within infected individuals, a significant correlation was observed between both IgG and IgA and blockade antibody concentration as early as day 6 post-challenge. Analysis of blockade antibody using the linear mixed model showed that infected individuals, when compared to uninfected individuals, had a statistically significant increase in blockade antibody concentrations across the post-challenge days. Among the post-challenge days, blockade antibody concentrations on days 15, 30, and 45 were significantly higher than those observed pre-challenge. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis indicated that the variability of blockade antibody titers is more observed between individuals rather than observations within subjects. Conclusions These results indicate that HBGA-blockade antibody GMTs are generated after SMV challenge and the blockade antibodies were still detectable at day 45 post-challenge. These data indicate that the second generation of SMV inoculum is highly effective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lilin Lai
- New York University Vaccine Center, New York University
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24
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Ren Z, Harriot AD, Mair DB, Chung MK, Lee PHU, Kim DH. Biomanufacturing of 3D Tissue Constructs in Microgravity and their Applications in Human Pathophysiological Studies. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300157. [PMID: 37483106 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in bioengineering in-vivo-like 3D functional tissues has led to novel approaches to the biomanufacturing process as well as expanded applications for these unique tissue constructs. Microgravity, as seen in spaceflight, is a unique environment that may be beneficial to the tissue-engineering process but cannot be completely replicated on Earth. Additionally, the expense and practical challenges of conducting human and animal research in space make bioengineered microphysiological systems an attractive research model. In this review, published research that exploits real and simulated microgravity to improve the biomanufacturing of a wide range of tissue types as well as those studies that use microphysiological systems, such as organ/tissue chips and multicellular organoids, for modeling human diseases in space are summarized. This review discusses real and simulated microgravity platforms and applications in tissue-engineered microphysiological systems across three topics: 1) application of microgravity to improve the biomanufacturing of tissue constructs, 2) use of tissue constructs fabricated in microgravity as models for human diseases on Earth, and 3) investigating the effects of microgravity on human tissues using biofabricated in vitro models. These current achievements represent important progress in understanding the physiological effects of microgravity and exploiting their advantages for tissue biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanping Ren
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Anicca D Harriot
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Devin B Mair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | - Peter H U Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Southcoast Health, Fall River, MA, 02720, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Center for Microphysiological Systems, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21218, USA
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25
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Cobat A, Zhang Q, Abel L, Casanova JL, Fellay J. Human Genomics of COVID-19 Pneumonia: Contributions of Rare and Common Variants. Annu Rev Biomed Data Sci 2023; 6:465-486. [PMID: 37196358 PMCID: PMC10879986 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biodatasci-020222-021705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection is silent or benign in most infected individuals, but causes hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia in about 10% of cases. We review studies of the human genetics of life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia, focusing on both rare and common variants. Large-scale genome-wide association studies have identified more than 20 common loci robustly associated with COVID-19 pneumonia with modest effect sizes, some implicating genes expressed in the lungs or leukocytes. The most robust association, on chromosome 3, concerns a haplotype inherited from Neanderthals. Sequencing studies focusing on rare variants with a strong effect have been particularly successful, identifying inborn errors of type I interferon (IFN) immunity in 1-5% of unvaccinated patients with critical pneumonia, and their autoimmune phenocopy, autoantibodies against type I IFN, in another 15-20% of cases. Our growing understanding of the impact of human genetic variation on immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is enabling health systems to improve protection for individuals and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Cobat
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France;
- Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA;
| | - Qian Zhang
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France;
- Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA;
| | - Laurent Abel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France;
- Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA;
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France;
- Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA;
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Fellay
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Precision Medicine Unit, Biomedical Data Science Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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26
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Ghorashi AC, Boucher A, Archer-Hartmann SA, Murray NB, Konada RSR, Zhang X, Xing C, Azadi P, Yrlid U, Kohler JJ. Fucosylated glycoproteins and fucosylated glycolipids play opposing roles in cholera intoxication. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.02.551727. [PMID: 37577488 PMCID: PMC10418270 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.02.551727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Cholera toxin (CT) is the etiological agent of cholera. Here we report that multiple classes of fucosylated glycoconjugates function in CT binding and intoxication of intestinal epithelial cells. In Colo205 cells, knockout of B3GNT5, the enzyme required for synthesis of lacto- and neolacto-series glycosphingolipids (GSLs), reduces CT binding but sensitizes cells to intoxication. Overexpressing B3GNT5 to generate more fucosylated GSLs confers protection against intoxication, indicating that fucosylated GSLs act as decoy receptors for CT. Knockout (KO) of B3GALT5 causes increased production of fucosylated O-linked and N-linked glycoproteins, and leads to increased CT binding and intoxication. Knockout of B3GNT5 in B3GALT5 KO cells eliminates production of fucosylated GSLs but increases intoxication, identifying fucosylated glycoproteins as functional receptors for CT. These findings provide insight into molecular determinants regulating CT sensitivity of host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atossa C. Ghorashi
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75390 USA
| | - Andrew Boucher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Nathan B. Murray
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | - Xunzhi Zhang
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75390 USA
| | - Chao Xing
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75390 USA
- Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75390 USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ulf Yrlid
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jennifer J. Kohler
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75390 USA
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27
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Suzuki Y. Predicting Dominant Genotypes in Norovirus Seasons in Japan. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1634. [PMID: 37629491 PMCID: PMC10455559 DOI: 10.3390/life13081634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Human noroviruses are an etiological agent of acute gastroenteritis. Since multiple genotypes co-circulate every season changing their proportions, it may be desirable to develop multivalent vaccines by formulating genotype composition of seed strains to match that of dominant strains. Here, performances of the models for predicting dominant genotypes, defined as the two most prevalent genotypes, were evaluated using observed genotype frequencies in Japan and genomic sequences for GI and GII strains. In the null model, genotype proportions in the target season were predicted to be the same as those in the immediately preceding season. In the fitness model, genotype proportions were predicted taking into account the acquisition of novel P-types through recombination and genotype-specific proliferation efficiency, as well as herd immunity to VP1 assuming the duration (d) of 0-10 years. The null model performed better in GII than in GI, apparently because dominant genotypes were more stable in the former than in the latter. Performance of the fitness model was similar to that of the null model irrespective of the assumed value of d. However, performance was improved when dominant genotypes were predicted as the union of those predicted with d = 0-10, suggesting that d may vary among individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, 1 Yamanohata, Nagoya-shi, Aichi-ken 467-8501, Japan
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28
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Zeng L, Li J, Lv M, Li Z, Yao L, Gao J, Wu Q, Wang Z, Yang X, Tang G, Qu G, Jiang G. Environmental Stability and Transmissibility of Enveloped Viruses at Varied Animate and Inanimate Interfaces. ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 1:15-31. [PMID: 37552709 PMCID: PMC10255587 DOI: 10.1021/envhealth.3c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Enveloped viruses have been the leading causative agents of viral epidemics in the past decade, including the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. In epidemics caused by enveloped viruses, direct contact is a common route of infection, while indirect transmissions through the environment also contribute to the spread of the disease, although their significance remains controversial. Bridging the knowledge gap regarding the influence of interfacial interactions on the persistence of enveloped viruses in the environment reveals the transmission mechanisms when the virus undergoes mutations and prevents excessive disinfection during viral epidemics. Herein, from the perspective of the driving force, partition efficiency, and viral survivability at interfaces, we summarize the viral and environmental characteristics that affect the environmental transmission of viruses. We expect to provide insights for virus detection, environmental surveillance, and disinfection to limit the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junya Li
- College of Sciences, Northeastern
University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Meilin Lv
- College of Sciences, Northeastern
University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Zikang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linlin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute
for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute
for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Ziniu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute
for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Institute of Environment and Health,
Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056,
China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute
for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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29
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Bai GH, Tsai MC, Lin SC, Hsu YH, Chen SY. Unraveling the interplay between norovirus infection, gut microbiota, and novel antiviral approaches: a comprehensive review. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1212582. [PMID: 37485533 PMCID: PMC10359435 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1212582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Norovirus infection is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide and can also cause harmful chronic infections in individuals with weakened immune systems. The role of the gut microbiota in the interactions between the host and noroviruses has been extensively studied. While most past studies were conducted in vitro or focused on murine noroviruses, recent research has expanded to human noroviruses using in vivo or ex vivo human intestinal enteroids culture studies. The gut microbiota has been observed to have both promoting and inhibiting effects on human noroviruses. Understanding the interaction between noroviruses and the gut microbiota or probiotics is crucial for studying the pathogenesis of norovirus infection and its potential implications, including probiotics and vaccines for infection control. Recently, several clinical trials of probiotics and norovirus vaccines have also been published. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the current understanding and recent updates on the interactions between noroviruses and gut microbiota, including the impact of norovirus on the microbiota profile, pro-viral and antiviral effects of microbiota on norovirus infection, the use of probiotics for treating norovirus infections, and human norovirus vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Hao Bai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chen Tsai
- Department of General Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chieh Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Shih-Yen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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30
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Mortensen SJ, Gjerding LAM, Exsteen MB, Benfield T, Larsen R, Clausen FB, Rieneck K, Krog GR, Eriksson F, Dziegiel MH. Reduced susceptibility to COVID-19 associated with ABO blood group and pre-existing anti-A and anti-B antibodies. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152399. [PMID: 37329825 PMCID: PMC10228156 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 shows individual variability in un-vaccinated and previously un-exposed individuals. We investigated the impact of ABO blood group, titers of anti-A and anti-B, other blood group antigens, and the extracellular deposition of ABH antigens as controlled by secretor fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) status. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We studied incidents in three different hospitals between April to September 2020, where un-diagnosed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients were cared for by health care workers without use of personal protection and with close contact while delivering therapy. We recruited 108 exposed staff, of whom 34 were diagnosed with COVID-19. ABO blood type, titer of anti-A and -B, blood group specific alleles, and secretor status were determined. RESULTS Blood group O was associated with lower risk of COVID-19 (OR 0.39, 95 %CI (0.16-0.92), p = 0.03) compared to non-O, i.e., blood groups A, B and AB. High titer anti-A immunoglobulin G (IgG) compared to low titer was associated with lower risk of COVID-19 (OR 0.24 95 %CI (0.07-0.78), p = 0.017). High titer of anti-B immunoglobulin M (IgM) compared to no anti-B (IgM) was associated with lower risk of COVID-19 (OR 0.16, 95 %CI (0.039-0.608), p = 0.006) and the same applies to low titer anti-B (IgM) compared to no titer (OR 0.23, 95 %CI (0.07-0.72), p = 0.012). The 33Pro variant in Integrin beta-3, that is part of human platelet antigen 1b (HPA-1b), was associated with lower risk of COVID-19 (OR 0.23, 95 %CI (0.034-0.86), p = 0.028). CONCLUSION Our data showed that blood group O, anti-A (IgG) titer, anti-B (IgM) titer as well as HPA-1b are associated with lower risk for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharri Junadi Mortensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Mads Billeskov Exsteen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Thomas Benfield
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager and Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rune Larsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Naestved Hospital, Naestved, Denmark
| | - Frederik Banch Clausen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Rieneck
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Grethe Risum Krog
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frank Eriksson
- Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Hanefeld Dziegiel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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31
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Suciu I, Pamies D, Peruzzo R, Wirtz PH, Smirnova L, Pallocca G, Hauck C, Cronin MTD, Hengstler JG, Brunner T, Hartung T, Amelio I, Leist M. G × E interactions as a basis for toxicological uncertainty. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2035-2049. [PMID: 37258688 PMCID: PMC10256652 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03500-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To transfer toxicological findings from model systems, e.g. animals, to humans, standardized safety factors are applied to account for intra-species and inter-species variabilities. An alternative approach would be to measure and model the actual compound-specific uncertainties. This biological concept assumes that all observed toxicities depend not only on the exposure situation (environment = E), but also on the genetic (G) background of the model (G × E). As a quantitative discipline, toxicology needs to move beyond merely qualitative G × E concepts. Research programs are required that determine the major biological variabilities affecting toxicity and categorize their relative weights and contributions. In a complementary approach, detailed case studies need to explore the role of genetic backgrounds in the adverse effects of defined chemicals. In addition, current understanding of the selection and propagation of adverse outcome pathways (AOP) in different biological environments is very limited. To improve understanding, a particular focus is required on modulatory and counter-regulatory steps. For quantitative approaches to address uncertainties, the concept of "genetic" influence needs a more precise definition. What is usually meant by this term in the context of G × E are the protein functions encoded by the genes. Besides the gene sequence, the regulation of the gene expression and function should also be accounted for. The widened concept of past and present "gene expression" influences is summarized here as Ge. Also, the concept of "environment" needs some re-consideration in situations where exposure timing (Et) is pivotal: prolonged or repeated exposure to the insult (chemical, physical, life style) affects Ge. This implies that it changes the model system. The interaction of Ge with Et might be denoted as Ge × Et. We provide here general explanations and specific examples for this concept and show how it could be applied in the context of New Approach Methodologies (NAM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilinca Suciu
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated By the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - David Pamies
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Peruzzo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Petra H Wirtz
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, 78457, Constance, Germany
- Biological Work and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Lena Smirnova
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | - Christof Hauck
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Mark T D Cronin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Thomas Brunner
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- CAAT Europe, University of Konstanz, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Division for Systems Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Marcel Leist
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated By the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457, Constance, Germany.
- CAAT Europe, University of Konstanz, 78457, Constance, Germany.
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32
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Rathore D, Marino MJ, Nita-Lazar A. Omics and systems view of innate immune pathways. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2200407. [PMID: 37269203 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiomics approaches to studying systems biology are very powerful techniques that can elucidate changes in the genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels within a cell type in response to an infection. These approaches are valuable for understanding the mechanisms behind disease pathogenesis and how the immune system responds to being challenged. With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance and utility of these tools have become evident in garnering a better understanding of the systems biology within the innate and adaptive immune response and for developing treatments and preventative measures for new and emerging pathogens that pose a threat to human health. In this review, we focus on state-of-the-art omics technologies within the scope of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Rathore
- Functional Cellular Networks Section, Laboratory of Immune Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew J Marino
- Functional Cellular Networks Section, Laboratory of Immune Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Aleksandra Nita-Lazar
- Functional Cellular Networks Section, Laboratory of Immune Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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33
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Andreu-Sánchez S, Bourgonje AR, Vogl T, Kurilshikov A, Leviatan S, Ruiz-Moreno AJ, Hu S, Sinha T, Vich Vila A, Klompus S, Kalka IN, de Leeuw K, Arends S, Jonkers I, Withoff S, Brouwer E, Weinberger A, Wijmenga C, Segal E, Weersma RK, Fu J, Zhernakova A. Phage display sequencing reveals that genetic, environmental, and intrinsic factors influence variation of human antibody epitope repertoire. Immunity 2023; 56:1376-1392.e8. [PMID: 37164013 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Phage-displayed immunoprecipitation sequencing (PhIP-seq) has enabled high-throughput profiling of human antibody repertoires. However, a comprehensive overview of environmental and genetic determinants shaping human adaptive immunity is lacking. In this study, we investigated the effects of genetic, environmental, and intrinsic factors on the variation in human antibody repertoires. We characterized serological antibody repertoires against 344,000 peptides using PhIP-seq libraries from a wide range of microbial and environmental antigens in 1,443 participants from a population cohort. We detected individual-specificity, temporal consistency, and co-housing similarities in antibody repertoires. Genetic analyses showed the involvement of the HLA, IGHV, and FUT2 gene regions in antibody-bound peptide reactivity. Furthermore, we uncovered associations between phenotypic factors (including age, cell counts, sex, smoking behavior, and allergies, among others) and particular antibody-bound peptides. Our results indicate that human antibody epitope repertoires are shaped by both genetics and environmental exposures and highlight specific signatures of distinct phenotypes and genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Andreu-Sánchez
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arno R Bourgonje
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria; Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria.
| | - Alexander Kurilshikov
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sigal Leviatan
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Angel J Ruiz-Moreno
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Shixian Hu
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Trishla Sinha
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arnau Vich Vila
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Shelley Klompus
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Iris N Kalka
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Karina de Leeuw
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Arends
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Iris Jonkers
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sebo Withoff
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Brouwer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Adina Weinberger
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eran Segal
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rinse K Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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34
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Hindi SS, Sabir JSM, Dawoud UM, Ismail IM, Asiry KA, Mirdad ZM, Abo-Elyousr KA, Shiboob MH, Gabal MA, Albureikan MOI, Alanazi RA, Ibrahim OHM. Nanocellulose-Based Passivated-Carbon Quantum Dots (P-CQDs) for Antimicrobial Applications: A Practical Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2660. [PMID: 37376306 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Passivated-carbon quantum dots (P-CQDs) have been attracting great interest as an antimicrobial therapy tool due to their bright fluorescence, lack of toxicity, eco-friendly nature, simple synthetic schemes, and possession of photocatalytic functions comparable to those present in traditional nanometric semiconductors. Besides synthetic precursors, CQDs can be synthesized from a plethora of natural resources including microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). Converting MCC into NCC is performed chemically via the top-down route, while synthesizing CODs from NCC can be performed via the bottom-up route. Due to the good surface charge status with the NCC precursor, we focused in this review on synthesizing CQDs from nanocelluloses (MCC and NCC) since they could become a potential source for fabricating carbon quantum dots that are affected by pyrolysis temperature. There are several P-CQDs synthesized with a wide spectrum of featured properties, namely functionalized carbon quantum dots (F-CQDs) and passivated carbon quantum dots (P-CQDs). There are two different important P-CQDs, namely 2,2'-ethylenedioxy-bis-ethylamine (EDA-CQDs) and 3-ethoxypropylamine (EPA-CQDs), that have achieved desirable results in the antiviral therapy field. Since NoV is the most common dangerous cause of nonbacterial, acute gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide, this review deals with NoV in detail. The surficial charge status (SCS) of the P-CQDs plays an important role in their interactions with NoVs. The EDA-CQDs were found to be more effective than EPA-CQDs in inhibiting the NoV binding. This difference may be attributed to their SCS as well as the virus surface. EDA-CQDs with surficial terminal amino (-NH2) groups are positively charged at physiological pH (-NH3+), whereas EPA-CQDs with surficial terminal methyl groups (-CH3) are not charged. Since the NoV particles are negatively charged, they are attracted to the positively charged EDA-CQDs, resulting in enhancing the P-CQDs concentration around the virus particles. The carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were found to be comparable to the P-CQDs in the non-specific binding with NoV capsid proteins, through complementary charges, π-π stacking, and/or hydrophobic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif S Hindi
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdullaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal S M Sabir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdullaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Uthman M Dawoud
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdullaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqbal M Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdullaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Asiry
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdullaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zohair M Mirdad
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdullaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamal A Abo-Elyousr
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdullaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Shiboob
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdullaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Gabal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdullaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Othman I Albureikan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdullaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rakan A Alanazi
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdullaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omer H M Ibrahim
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdullaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Soriano JB, Peláez A, Busquets X, Rodrigo-García M, Pérez-Urría EÁ, Alonso T, Girón R, Valenzuela C, Marcos C, García-Castillo E, Ancochea J. ABO blood group as a determinant of COVID-19 and Long COVID: An observational, longitudinal, large study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286769. [PMID: 37267401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An association of ABO blood group and COVID-19 remains controversial. METHODS Following STROBE guidance for observational research, we explored the distribution of ABO blood group in patients hospitalized for acute COVID-19 and in those with Long COVID. Contingency tables were made and risk factors were explored using crude and adjusted Mantle-Haentzel odds ratios (OR and 95% CI). RESULTS Up to September 2022, there were a total of 5,832 acute COVID-19 hospitalizations in our hospital, corresponding to 5,503 individual patients, of whom blood group determination was available for 1,513 (27.5%). Their distribution by ABO was: 653 (43.2%) group 0, 690 (45.6%) A, 113 (7.5%) B, and 57 (3.8%) AB, which corresponds to the expected frequencies in the general population. In parallel, of 676 patients with Long COVID, blood group determination was available for 135 (20.0%). Their distribution was: 60 (44.4%) from group 0, 61 (45.2%) A, 9 (6.7%) B, and 5 (3.7%) AB. The distribution of the ABO system of Long COVID patients did not show significant differences with respect to that of the total group (p ≥ 0.843). In a multivariate analysis adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, and severity of acute COVID-19 infection, subgroups A, AB, and B were not significantly associated with developing Long COVID with an OR of 1.015 [0.669-1.541], 1.327 [0.490-3.594] and 0.965 [0.453-2.058], respectively. The effect of the Rh+ factor was also not significant 1,423 [0.772-2,622] regarding Long COVID. CONCLUSIONS No association of any ABO blood subgroup with COVID-19 or developing Long COVID was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan B Soriano
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Peláez
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Busquets
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | | | - Elena Ávalos Pérez-Urría
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamara Alonso
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Girón
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Valenzuela
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celeste Marcos
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena García-Castillo
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Ancochea
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Yu Z, Shao Q, Xu Z, Chen C, Li M, Jiang Y, Cheng D. Immunogenicity and Blocking Efficacy of Norovirus GII.4 Recombinant P Protein Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1053. [PMID: 37376442 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Noroviruses (NoVs) are the main cause of acute gastroenteritis in all ages worldwide. The aim of this study was to produce the recombinant P protein of norovirus and to demonstrate its blocking effect. In this study, the engineered strains were induced to express the P protein of NoVs GII.4, which was identified using SDS-PAGE and ELISA as having the capacity to bind to histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs). Rabbits were immunized to obtain neutralizing antibodies. ELISA and ISC-RT-qPCR were used to determine the blocking efficacy of the neutralizing antibody to human norovirus (HuNoV) and murine norovirus (MNV). The recombinant P protein (35 KD) was obtained, and the neutralizing antibody was successfully prepared. The neutralizing antibody could block the binding of the P protein and HuNoV to HBGAs. Neutralizing antibodies can also block MNV invasion into host cells RAW264.7. The recombinant P protein expressed in E. coli can induce antibodies to block HuNoV and MNV. The recombinant P protein of NoVs GII.4 has the value of vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendi Yu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Qingyi Shao
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zhangkai Xu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Chenghao Chen
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Mingfan Li
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Dongqing Cheng
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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Packer RJ, Shrine N, Hall R, Melbourne CA, Thompson R, Williams AT, Paynton ML, Guyatt AL, Allen RJ, Lee PH, John C, Campbell A, Hayward C, de Vries M, Vonk JM, Davitte J, Hessel E, Michalovich D, Betts JC, Sayers I, Yeo A, Hall IP, Tobin MD, Wain LV. Genome-wide association study of chronic sputum production implicates loci involved in mucus production and infection. Eur Respir J 2023; 61:2201667. [PMID: 37263751 PMCID: PMC10284065 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01667-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic sputum production impacts on quality of life and is a feature of many respiratory diseases. Identification of the genetic variants associated with chronic sputum production in a disease agnostic sample could improve understanding of its causes and identify new molecular targets for treatment. METHODS We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of chronic sputum production in UK Biobank. Signals meeting genome-wide significance (p<5×10-8) were investigated in additional independent studies, were fine-mapped and putative causal genes identified by gene expression analysis. GWASs of respiratory traits were interrogated to identify whether the signals were driven by existing respiratory disease among the cases and variants were further investigated for wider pleiotropic effects using phenome-wide association studies (PheWASs). RESULTS From a GWAS of 9714 cases and 48 471 controls, we identified six novel genome-wide significant signals for chronic sputum production including signals in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus, chromosome 11 mucin locus (containing MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC5B) and FUT2 locus. The four common variant associations were supported by independent studies with a combined sample size of up to 2203 cases and 17 627 controls. The mucin locus signal had previously been reported for association with moderate-to-severe asthma. The HLA signal was fine-mapped to an amino acid change of threonine to arginine (frequency 36.8%) in HLA-DRB1 (HLA-DRB1*03:147). The signal near FUT2 was associated with expression of several genes including FUT2, for which the direction of effect was tissue dependent. Our PheWAS identified a wide range of associations including blood cell traits, liver biomarkers, infections, gastrointestinal and thyroid-associated diseases, and respiratory disease. CONCLUSIONS Novel signals at the FUT2 and mucin loci suggest that mucin fucosylation may be a driver of chronic sputum production even in the absence of diagnosed respiratory disease and provide genetic support for this pathway as a target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Packer
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Nick Shrine
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Robert Hall
- Centre for Respiratory Research, NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Carl A Melbourne
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Rebecca Thompson
- Centre for Respiratory Research, NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alex T Williams
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Megan L Paynton
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Anna L Guyatt
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Richard J Allen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Paul H Lee
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Catherine John
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maaike de Vries
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology and Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith M Vonk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology and Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Ian Sayers
- Centre for Respiratory Research, NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Ian P Hall
- Centre for Respiratory Research, NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Martin D Tobin
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Louise V Wain
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
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Lee H, Lee G, Cho YH, Song Y, Ko G. Chemokine CCL6 Plays Key Role in the Inhibitory Effect of Vitamin A on Norovirus Infection. J Microbiol 2023:10.1007/s12275-023-00047-3. [PMID: 37233907 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) is the most common viral cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Vitamin A has demonstrated the potential to protect against gastrointestinal infections. However, the effects of vitamin A on human norovirus (HuNoV) infections remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate how vitamin A administration affects NoV replication. We demonstrated that treatment with retinol or retinoic acid (RA) inhibited NoV replication in vitro based on their effects on HuNoV replicon-bearing cells and murine norovirus-1 (MNV-1) replication in murine cells. MNV replication in vitro showed significant transcriptomic changes, which were partially reversed by retinol treatment. RNAi knockdown of CCL6, a chemokine gene that was downregulated by MNV infection but upregulated by retinol administration, resulted in increased MNV replication in vitro. This suggested a role of CCL6 in the host response to MNV infections. Similar gene expression patterns were observed in the murine intestine after oral administration of RA and/or MNV-1.CW1. CCL6 directly decreased HuNoV replication in HG23 cells, and might indirectly regulate the immune response against NoV infection. Finally, relative replication levels of MNV-1.CW1 and MNV-1.CR6 were significantly increased in CCL6 knockout RAW 264.7 cells. This study is the first to comprehensively profile transcriptomes in response to NoV infection and vitamin A treatment in vitro, and thus may provide new insights into dietary prophylaxis and NoV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heetae Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea.
| | - Giljae Lee
- Center for Human and Environmental Microbiome, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Hee Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngcheon Song
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - GwangPyo Ko
- Center for Human and Environmental Microbiome, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Cheng L, Zhan H, Liu Y, Chen H, Zhang F, Zheng W, Li Y. Infectious agents and pathogenesis of Behçet's disease: An extensive review. Clin Immunol 2023; 251:109631. [PMID: 37127189 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Behçet's disease (BD) is a multisystemic chronic vasculitis. Sustained and enhanced immune responses were reportedly associated with active BD. Although genetic polymorphisms increase development risk, genetic factors alone cannot account for BD development, suggesting the involvement of exogenous factors. Also, how various infectious agents promote BD in high-risk populations is not fully understood. In this review, we summarized the current findings on the associations of infectious agents with BD pathogenesis. The review also highlights the potential microbial risk factors and their pathogenic role in BD progression. Interactions between genetic and infectious risk factors was also discussed. Furthermore, evidence implied that after the eradication of infectious agents, BD symptoms and recurrence decreased, thus highlighting that combined use of antibiotics may be an effective therapy for BD. Finally, we summarized the main limitation of the current related studies, providing valuable insights and a basis for future studies on BD pathogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haoting Zhan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Fengchun Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Kher G, Sabin C, Lun JH, Devant JM, Ruoff K, Koromyslova AD, von Itzstein M, Pancera M, Hansman GS. Direct Blockade of the Norovirus Histo-Blood Group Antigen Binding Pocket by Nanobodies. J Virol 2023; 97:e0183322. [PMID: 36971561 PMCID: PMC10134814 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01833-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Noroviruses are the leading cause of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis. These viruses usually interact with histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs), which are considered essential cofactors for norovirus infection. This study structurally characterizes nanobodies developed against the clinically important GII.4 and GII.17 noroviruses with a focus on the identification of novel nanobodies that efficiently block the HBGA binding site. Using X-ray crystallography, we have characterized nine different nanobodies that bound to the top, side, or bottom of the P domain. The eight nanobodies that bound to the top or side of the P domain were mainly genotype specific, while one nanobody that bound to the bottom cross-reacted against several genotypes and showed HBGA blocking potential. The four nanobodies that bound to the top of the P domain also inhibited HBGA binding, and structural analysis revealed that these nanobodies interacted with several GII.4 and GII.17 P domain residues that commonly engaged HBGAs. Moreover, these nanobody complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) extended completely into the cofactor pockets and would likely impede HBGA engagement. The atomic level information for these nanobodies and their corresponding binding sites provide a valuable template for the discovery of additional "designer" nanobodies. These next-generation nanobodies would be designed to target other important genotypes and variants, while maintaining cofactor interference. Finally, our results clearly demonstrate for the first time that nanobodies directly targeting the HBGA binding site can function as potent norovirus inhibitors. IMPORTANCE Human noroviruses are highly contagious and a major problem in closed institutions, such as schools, hospitals, and cruise ships. Reducing norovirus infections is challenging on multiple levels and includes the frequent emergence of antigenic variants, which complicates designing effective, broadly reactive capsid therapeutics. We successfully developed and characterized four norovirus nanobodies that bound at the HBGA pockets. Compared with previously developed norovirus nanobodies that inhibited HBGA through disrupted particle stability, these four novel nanobodies directly inhibited HBGA engagement and interacted with HBGA binding residues. Importantly, these new nanobodies specifically target two genotypes that have caused the majority of outbreaks worldwide and consequently would have an enormous benefit if they could be further developed as norovirus therapeutics. To date, we have structurally characterized 16 different GII nanobody complexes, a number of which block HBGA binding. These structural data could be used to design multivalent nanobody constructs with improved inhibition properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Kher
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Charles Sabin
- Schaller Research Group, University of Heidelberg, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer H. Lun
- Schaller Research Group, University of Heidelberg, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jessica M. Devant
- Schaller Research Group, University of Heidelberg, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Ruoff
- Schaller Research Group, University of Heidelberg, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna D. Koromyslova
- Schaller Research Group, University of Heidelberg, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark von Itzstein
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marie Pancera
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Grant S. Hansman
- Schaller Research Group, University of Heidelberg, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Deschasaux-Tanguy M, Szabo de Edelenyi F, Druesne-Pecollo N, Esseddik Y, Allègre J, Srour B, Galan P, Hercberg S, Severi G, Zins M, Wiernik E, de Lamballerie X, Carrat F, Touvier M. ABO blood types and SARS-CoV-2 infection assessed using seroprevalence data in a large population-based sample: the SAPRIS-SERO multi-cohort study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4775. [PMID: 36959255 PMCID: PMC10034870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30714-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
ABO blood type has been reported as a potential factor influencing SARS-CoV-2 infection, but so far mostly in studies that involved small samples, selected population and/or used PCR test results. In contrast our study aimed to assess the association between ABO blood types and SARS-CoV-2 infection using seroprevalence data (independent of whether or not individuals had symptoms or sought for testing) in a large population-based sample. Our study included 67,340 French participants to the SAPRIS-SERO multi-cohort project. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected using ELISA (targeting the proteins spike (S) and nucleocapsid (NP)) and seroneutralisation (SN) tests on dried blood spots collected in May-November 2020. Non-O individuals (and especially types A and AB) were more likely to bear anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (ELISA-S, 2964 positive cases: ORnon-Ovs.O = 1.09[1.01-1.17], ORAvs.O = 1.08[1.00-1.17]; ELISA-S/ELISA-NP/SN, 678 triple positive cases: ORnon-Ovs.O = 1.19 [1.02-1.39], ORAvs.O = 1.19[1.01-1.41], ORABvs.O = 1.43[1.01-2.03]). Hence, our results provided additional insights into the dynamic of SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting a higher susceptibility of infection for individuals of blood types A and AB and a lesser risk for blood type O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy
- Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - Université Paris Cité (CRESS), Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, France.
| | - Fabien Szabo de Edelenyi
- Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - Université Paris Cité (CRESS), Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, France
| | - Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo
- Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - Université Paris Cité (CRESS), Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, France
| | - Younes Esseddik
- Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - Université Paris Cité (CRESS), Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, France
| | - Julien Allègre
- Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - Université Paris Cité (CRESS), Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, France
| | - Bernard Srour
- Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - Université Paris Cité (CRESS), Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - Université Paris Cité (CRESS), Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - Université Paris Cité (CRESS), Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, France
| | - Gianluca Severi
- UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" team, CESP UMR1018, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications "G. Parenti", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marie Zins
- Population-based Cohorts Unit, INSERM, UMS 011, Paris Saclay University, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Wiernik
- Population-based Cohorts Unit, INSERM, UMS 011, Paris Saclay University, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), IRD 190, INSERM 1207, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Carrat
- Inserm, Institut Pierre-Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Département de Santé Publique, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - Université Paris Cité (CRESS), Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, France
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Creutznacher R, Schulze-Niemand E, König P, Stanojlovic V, Mallagaray A, Peters T, Stein M, Schubert M. Conformational Control of Fast Asparagine Deamidation in a Norovirus Capsid Protein. Biochemistry 2023; 62:1032-1043. [PMID: 36808948 PMCID: PMC9996831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Accelerated spontaneous deamidation of asparagine 373 and subsequent conversion into an isoaspartate has been shown to attenuate the binding of histo blood group antigens (HBGAs) to the protruding domain (P-domain) of the capsid protein of a prevalent norovirus strain (GII.4). Here, we link an unusual backbone conformation of asparagine 373 to its fast site-specific deamidation. NMR spectroscopy and ion exchange chromatography have been used to monitor the deamidation reaction of P-domains of two closely related GII.4 norovirus strains, specific point mutants, and control peptides. MD simulations over several microseconds have been instrumental to rationalize the experimental findings. While conventional descriptors such as available surface area, root-mean-square fluctuations, or nucleophilic attack distance fail as explanations, the population of a rare syn-backbone conformation distinguishes asparagine 373 from all other asparagine residues. We suggest that stabilization of this unusual conformation enhances the nucleophilicity of the backbone nitrogen of aspartate 374, in turn accelerating the deamidation of asparagine 373. This finding should be relevant to the development of reliable prediction algorithms for sites of rapid asparagine deamidation in proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Creutznacher
- Institute of Chemistry and Metabolomics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Eric Schulze-Niemand
- Molecular Simulations and Design Group, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Patrick König
- Institute of Chemistry and Metabolomics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Vesna Stanojlovic
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alvaro Mallagaray
- Institute of Chemistry and Metabolomics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Peters
- Institute of Chemistry and Metabolomics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Matthias Stein
- Molecular Simulations and Design Group, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mario Schubert
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Minimal Antigenic Evolution after a Decade of Norovirus GII.4 Sydney_2012 Circulation in Humans. J Virol 2023; 97:e0171622. [PMID: 36688654 PMCID: PMC9973034 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01716-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Norovirus is a major human pathogen that can cause severe gastroenteritis in vulnerable populations. The extensive viral diversity presented by human noroviruses constitutes a major roadblock for the development of effective vaccines. In addition to the large number of genotypes, antigenically distinct variants of GII.4 noroviruses have chronologically emerged over the last 3 decades. The last variant to emerge, Sydney_2012, has been circulating at high incidence worldwide for over a decade. We analyzed 1449 capsid sequences from GII.4 Sydney_2012 viruses to determine genetic changes indicative of antigenic diversification. Phylogenetic analyses show that Sydney_2012 viruses scattered within the tree topology with no single cluster dominating during a given year or geographical location. Fourteen residues presented high variability, 7 of which mapped to 4 antigenic sites. Notably, ~52% of viruses presented mutations at 2 or more antigenic sites. Mutational patterns showed that residues 297 and 372, which map to antigenic site A, changed over time. Virus-like particles (VLPs) developed from wild-type Sydney_2012 viruses and engineered to display all mutations detected at antigenic sites were tested against polyclonal sera and monoclonal antibodies raised against Sydney_2012 and Farmington_Hills_2002 VLPs. Minimal changes in reactivity were detected with polyclonal sera and only 4 MAbs lost binding, with all mapping to antigenic site A. Notably, reversion of residues from Sydney_2012 reconstituted epitopes from ancestral GII.4 variants. Overall, this study demonstrates that, despite circulating for over a decade, Sydney_2012 viruses present minimal antigenic diversification and provides novel insights on the diversification of GII.4 noroviruses that could inform vaccine design. IMPORTANCE GII.4 noroviruses are the major cause of acute gastroenteritis in all age groups. This predominance has been attributed to the continued emergence of phylogenetically discrete variants that escape immune responses to previous infections. The last GII.4 variant to emerge, Sydney_2012, has been circulating at high incidence for over a decade, raising the question of whether this variant is undergoing antigenic diversification without presenting a major distinction at the phylogenetic level. Sequence analyses that include >1400 capsid sequences from GII.4 Sydney_2012 showed changes in 4 out of the 6 major antigenic sites. Notably, while changes were detected in one of the most immunodominant sites over time, these resulted in minimal changes in the antigenic profile of these viruses. This study provides new insights on the mechanism governing the antigenic diversification of GII.4 norovirus that could help in the development of cross-protective vaccines to human noroviruses.
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Functional and structural characterization of Norovirus GII.6 in recognizing histo-blood group antigens. Virol Sin 2023; 38:56-65. [PMID: 36216242 PMCID: PMC10006186 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Noroviruses (NoVs) are the primary cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) are receptors or attachment factors that affect the prevalence and host susceptibility of NoVs. GII.6 NoV is one of the predominant genotypes in humans, which recognizes the type ABO secretor of HBGAs. However, the structural basis of GII.6 NoV's interaction with HBGAs receptors remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the binding features of the GII.6 strain to HBGAs using saliva- and glycan-ELISA assays and characterized the molecular basis of the GII.6 virus that recognizes H disaccharide. We showed that the GII.6 P domain recognized some A and O secretor's saliva samples, most B secretor's saliva samples, and H disaccharide antigen, but did not bind non-secretors' saliva. Further, we determined the crystal structures of GII.6 and its complex with H disaccharides at 1.7 Å, revealing that the P domain of GII.6 shares the conventional binding interface and mode of GII HBGAs. Single residue mutations at the GII.6-H binding sites could inhibit the binding of GII.6 to HBGAs, demonstrating that the interaction residues were crucial in maintaining NoV-glycan integrity. Finally, structural and sequence analyses showed that the major residues of the GII.6-H interaction were conserved among NoVs in the GII genogroup. Taken together, our study characterized the functional and structural features of GII.6 that allow it to interact with HBGAs, and shed light on NoV evolution, epidemiology, and anti-viral drug development.
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Genetic adaptation to pathogens and increased risk of inflammatory disorders in post-Neolithic Europe. CELL GENOMICS 2023; 3:100248. [PMID: 36819665 PMCID: PMC9932995 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2022.100248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Ancient genomics can directly detect human genetic adaptation to environmental cues. However, it remains unclear how pathogens have exerted selective pressures on human genome diversity across different epochs and affected present-day inflammatory disease risk. Here, we use an ancestry-aware approximate Bayesian computation framework to estimate the nature, strength, and time of onset of selection acting on 2,879 ancient and modern European genomes from the last 10,000 years. We found that the bulk of genetic adaptation occurred after the start of the Bronze Age, <4,500 years ago, and was enriched in genes relating to host-pathogen interactions. Furthermore, we detected directional selection acting on specific leukocytic lineages and experimentally demonstrated that the strongest negatively selected candidate variant in immunity genes, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) D283G, is hypomorphic. Finally, our analyses suggest that the risk of inflammatory disorders has increased in post-Neolithic Europeans, possibly because of antagonistic pleiotropy following genetic adaptation to pathogens.
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Lin SJH, Helm ET, Gabler NK, Burrough ER. Acute infection with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae affects mucin expression, glycosylation, and fecal MUC5AC. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1042815. [PMID: 36683692 PMCID: PMC9852840 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1042815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Infection with strongly β-hemolytic strains of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae leads to swine dysentery (SD), a production-limiting disease that causes mucohemorrhagic diarrhea and typhlocolitis in pigs. This pathogen has strong chemotactic activity toward mucin, and infected pigs often have a disorganized mucus layer and marked de novo expression of MUC5AC, which is not constitutively expressed in the colon. It has been shown that fucose is chemoattractant for B. hyodysenteriae, and a highly fermentable fiber diet can mitigate and delay the onset of SD. Methods We used lectins targeting sialic acids in α-2,6 or α-2,3 linkages, N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), α-linked L-fucose, and an immunohistochemical stain targeting N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) to investigate the local expression of these mucin glycans in colonic tissues of pigs with acute SD. We used a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to quantify fecal MUC5AC in infected pigs and assess its potential as a diagnostic monitoring tool and RNA in situ hybridization to detect IL-17A in the colonic mucosa. Results Colonic mucin glycosylation during SD has an overall increase in fucose, a spatially different distribution of GlcNAc with more expression within the crypt lumens of the upper colonic mucosa, and decreased expression or a decreased trend of sialic acids in α-2,6 or α-2,3 linkages, and NeuGc compared to the controls. The degree of increased fucosylation was less in the colonic mucosa of pigs with SD and fed the highly fermentable fiber diet. There was a significant increase in MUC5AC in fecal and colonic samples of pigs with SD at the endpoint compared to the controls, but the predictive value for disease progression was limited. Discussion Fucosylation and the impact of dietary fiber may play important roles in the pathogenesis of SD. The lack of predictive value for fecal MUC5AC quantification by ELISA is possibly due to the presence of other non-colonic sources of MUC5AC in the feces. The moderate correlation between IL-17A, neutrophils and MUC5AC confirms its immunoregulatory and mucin stimulatory role. Our study characterizes local alteration of mucin glycosylation in the colonic mucosa of pigs with SD after B. hyodysenteriae infection and may provide insight into host-pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Je-Han Lin
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Emma T Helm
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Nicholas K Gabler
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Eric R Burrough
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Winder N, Gohar S, Muthana M. Norovirus: An Overview of Virology and Preventative Measures. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122811. [PMID: 36560815 PMCID: PMC9781483 DOI: 10.3390/v14122811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) is an enteric non-enveloped virus which is the leading cause of gastroenteritis across all age groups. It is responsible for around 200,000 deaths annually and outbreaks are common in small communities such as educational and care facilities. 40% of all NoV outbreaks occur in long-term and acute-care facilities, forming the majority of outbreaks. Nosocomial settings set ideal environments for ease of transmission, especially due to the presence of immunocompromised groups. It is estimated to cost global economies around £48 billion a year, making it a global issue. NoV is transmitted via the faecal-oral route and infection with it results in asymptomatic cases or gastrointestinal disease. It has high mutational rates and this allows for new variants to emerge and be more resistant. The classification system available divides NoV into 10 genogroups and 49 genotypes based on whole amino acid sequencing of VP1 capsid protein and partial sequencing of RdRp, respectively. The most predominant genotypes which cause gastroenteritis in humans include GI.1 and GII.4, where GII.4 is responsible for more extreme clinical implications such as hospitalisation. In addition, GII.4 has been responsible for 6 pandemic strains, the last of which is the GII.4 Sydney (2012) variant. In recent years, the successful cultivation of HuNoV was reported in stem cell-derived human intestinal enteroids (HIEs), which promises to assist in giving a deeper understanding of its underlying mechanisms of infection and the development of more personalized control measures. There are no specific control measures against NoV, therefore common practices are used against it such as hand washing. No vaccine is available, but the HIL-214 candidate passed clinical phase 2b and shows promise.
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Abstract
Since the identification of sickle cell trait as a heritable form of resistance to malaria, candidate gene studies, linkage analysis paired with sequencing, and genome-wide association (GWA) studies have revealed many examples of genetic resistance and susceptibility to infectious diseases. GWA studies enabled the identification of many common variants associated with small shifts in susceptibility to infectious diseases. This is exemplified by multiple loci associated with leprosy, malaria, HIV, tuberculosis, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which illuminate genetic architecture and implicate pathways underlying pathophysiology. Despite these successes, most of the heritability of infectious diseases remains to be explained. As the field advances, current limitations may be overcome by applying methodological innovations such as cellular GWA studies and phenome-wide association (PheWA) studies as well as by improving methodological rigor with more precise case definitions, deeper phenotyping, increased cohort diversity, and functional validation of candidate loci in the laboratory or human challenge studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Gibbs
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA;
| | - Benjamin H Schott
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA; .,Duke University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dennis C Ko
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA; .,Duke University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Sahar Abd AD. Overview of Foodborne viruses: Important viruses, outbreaks, health concerns, food Handling and fresh produce. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION THERAPY 2022; 8:038-045. [DOI: 10.17352/jfsnt.000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne viruses can transmit through food in lots of ways including consuming items of animal origin containing zoonotic viruses, consuming contaminated food handled by infected food workers, and consuming contaminated food produced by humans. Viral foodborne illnesses are now a major contributor to all foodborne illness reports in recent years and are seen as a rising issue to the public health of humans and animals. Noroviruses and hepatitis A viruses were shown to be predominantly linked to the food-handler transmission and sewage-contaminated foods, according to microbiological research. In order to facilitate source attribution and identify risk preventive measures, routine, standard surveillance of viral outbreaks, and surveillance of virus occurrence in food products, combined with systematic strain typing, food and clinical microbiologists, would be advocated.
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Rouphael N, Beck A, Kirby AE, Liu P, Natrajan MS, Lai L, Phadke V, Winston J, Raabe V, Collins MH, Girmay T, Alvarez A, Beydoun N, Karmali V, Altieri-Rivera J, Lindesmith LC, Anderson EJ, Wang Y, El-Khorazaty J, Petrie C, Baric RS, Baqar S, Moe CL, Mulligan MJ. Dose-Response of a Norovirus GII.2 Controlled Human Challenge Model Inoculum. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:1771-1780. [PMID: 35137154 PMCID: PMC9650503 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genogroup II noroviruses are the most common cause of acute infectious gastroenteritis. We evaluated the use of a new GII.2 inoculum in a human challenge. METHODS Forty-four healthy adults (36 secretor-positive and 8 secretor-negative for histo-blood group antigens) were challenged with ascending doses of a new safety-tested Snow Mountain virus (SMV) GII.2 norovirus inoculum (1.2 × 104 to 1.2 × 107 genome equivalent copies [GEC]; n = 38) or placebo (n = 6). Illness was defined as diarrhea and/or vomiting postchallenge in subjects with evidence of infection (defined as GII.2 norovirus RNA detection in stool and/or anti-SMV immunoglobulin G [IgG] seroconversion). RESULTS The highest dose was associated with SMV infection in 90%, and illness in 70% of subjects with 10 of 12 secretor-positive (83%) and 4 of 8 secretor-negative (50%) becoming ill. There was no association between prechallenge anti-SMV serum IgG concentration, carbohydrate-binding blockade antibody, or salivary immunoglobulin A and infection. The median infectious dose (ID50) was 5.1 × 105 GEC. CONCLUSIONS High rates of infection and illness were observed in both secretor-positive and secretor-negative subjects in this challenge study. However, a high dose will be required to achieve the target of 75% illness to make this an efficient model for evaluating potential norovirus vaccines and therapeutics. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT02473224.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Rouphael
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Allison Beck
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Amy E Kirby
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Pengbo Liu
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Muktha S Natrajan
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lilin Lai
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Varun Phadke
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Juton Winston
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Vanessa Raabe
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine and New York University Vaccine Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Matthew H Collins
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tigisty Girmay
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alicarmen Alvarez
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nour Beydoun
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Vinit Karmali
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joanne Altieri-Rivera
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lisa C Lindesmith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Evan J Anderson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yuke Wang
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Carey Petrie
- The Emmes Company, LLC, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shahida Baqar
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christine L Moe
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mark J Mulligan
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine and New York University Vaccine Center, New York, New York, USA
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