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Loktionov AV, Kobzeva KA, Karpenko AR, Sergeeva VA, Orlov YL, Bushueva OY. GWAS-significant loci and severe COVID-19: analysis of associations, link with thromboinflammation syndrome, gene-gene, and gene-environmental interactions. Front Genet 2024; 15:1434681. [PMID: 39175753 PMCID: PMC11338913 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1434681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to replicate associations of GWAS-significant loci with severe COVID-19 in the population of Central Russia, to investigate associations of the SNPs with thromboinflammation parameters, to analyze gene-gene and gene-environmental interactions. Materials and Methods DNA samples from 798 unrelated Caucasian subjects from Central Russia (199 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 599 controls with a mild or asymptomatic course of COVID-19) were genotyped using probe-based polymerase chain reaction for 10 GWAS-significant SNPs: rs143334143 CCHCR1, rs111837807 CCHCR1, rs17078346 SLC6A20-LLZTFL1, rs17713054 SLC6A20-LLZTFL1, rs7949972 ELF5, rs61882275 ELF5, rs12585036 ATP11A, rs67579710 THBS3, THBS3-AS1, rs12610495 DPP9, rs9636867 IFNAR2. Results SNP rs17713054 SLC6A20-LZTFL1 was associated with increased risk of severe COVID-19 in the entire group (risk allele A, OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.22-2.6, p = 0.003), obese individuals (OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.52-3.5, p = 0.0002, (p bonf = 0.0004)), patients with low fruit and vegetable intake (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.15-2.58, p = 0.01, (p bonf = 0.02)), low physical activity (OR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.26-2.94, p = 0.0035, (p bonf = 0.007)), and nonsmokers (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.11-2.46, p = 0.02). This SNP correlated with increased BMI (p = 0.006) and worsened thrombodynamic parameters (maximum optical density of the formed clot, D (p = 0.02), delayed appearance of spontaneous clots, Tsp (p = 0.02), clot size 30 min after coagulation activation, CS (p = 0.036)). SNP rs17078346 SLC6A20-LZTFL1 was linked with increased BMI (p = 0.01) and severe COVID-19 in obese individuals (risk allele C, OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.15-2.58, p = 0.01, (p bonf = 0.02)). SNP rs12610495 DPP9 was associated with increased BMI (p = 0.01), severe COVID-19 in obese patients (risk allele G, OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.09-2.01, p = 0.01, (p bonf = 0.02)), and worsened thrombodynamic parameters (time to the start of clot growth, Tlag (p = 0.01)). For rs7949972 ELF5, a protective effect against severe COVID-19 was observed in non-obese patients (effect allele T, OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.47-0.95, p = 0.02, (p bonf = 0.04)), improving thrombodynamic parameters (CS (p = 0.02), stationary spatial clot growth rates, Vst (p = 0.02)). Finally, rs12585036 ATP11A exhibited a protective effect against severe COVID-19 in males (protective allele A, OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.32-0.83, p = 0.004). SNPs rs67579710 THBS3, THBS3-AS1, rs17713054 SLC6A20-LZTFL1, rs7949972 ELF5, rs9636867 IFNAR2-were involved in two or more of the most significant G×G interactions (p perm ≤ 0.01). The pairwise combination rs67579710 THBS3, THBS3-AS1 × rs17713054 SLC6A20-LZTFL1 was a priority in determining susceptibility to severe COVID-19 (it was included in four of the top five most significant SNP-SNP interaction models). Conclusion Overall, this study represents a comprehensive molecular-genetic and bioinformatics analysis of the involvement of GWAS-significant loci in the molecular mechanisms of severe COVID-19, gene-gene and gene-environmental interactions, and provides evidence of their relationship with thromboinflammation parameters in patients hospitalized in intensive care units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Valerevich Loktionov
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Institute of Continuing Education, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
- Laboratory of Genomic Research, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
| | - Ksenia Andreevna Kobzeva
- Laboratory of Genomic Research, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
| | - Andrey Romanovich Karpenko
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Institute of Continuing Education, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
- Laboratory of Genomic Research, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
| | - Vera Alexeevna Sergeeva
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Institute of Continuing Education, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
| | - Yuriy Lvovich Orlov
- Institute of Biodesign and Complex Systems Modeling, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Yurievna Bushueva
- Laboratory of Genomic Research, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
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da Silva GB, Manica D, da Silva AP, Valcarenghi E, Donassolo SR, Kosvoski GC, Mingoti MED, Gavioli J, Cassol JV, Hanauer MC, Hellmann MB, Marafon F, Bertollo AG, de Medeiros J, Cortez AD, Réus GZ, de Oliveira GG, Ignácio ZM, Bagatini MD. Peripheral biomarkers as a predictor of poor prognosis in severe cases of COVID-19. Am J Med Sci 2024; 368:122-135. [PMID: 38636654 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
We evaluated glycemia and triglyceride, hepatic, muscular, and renal damage markers, redox profile, and leptin and ghrelin hormone levels in COVID-19 patients. We also conducted statistical analysis to verify the potential of biomarkers to predict poor prognosis and the correlation between them in severe cases. We assessed glycemia and the levels of triglycerides, hepatic, muscular, and renal markers in automatized biochemical analyzer. The leptin and ghrelin hormones were assessed by the ELISA assay. Severe cases presented high glycemia and triglyceride levels. Hepatic, muscular, and renal biomarkers were altered in severe patients. Oxidative stress status was found in severe COVID-19 patients. Severe cases also had increased levels of leptin. The ROC curves indicated many biomarkers as poor prognosis predictors in severe cases. The Spearman analysis showed that biomarkers correlate between themselves. Patients with COVID-19 showed significant dysregulation in the levels of several peripheral biomarkers. We bring to light that a robust panel of peripheral biomarkers and hormones predict poor prognosis in severe cases of COVID-19 and biomarkers correlate with each other. Early monitoring of these biomarkers may lead to appropriate clinical interventions in patients infected by SARS-CoV2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilnei B da Silva
- Multicentric Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Daiane Manica
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | - Alana P da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Valcarenghi
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Sabine R Donassolo
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Greicy C Kosvoski
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Maiqueli E D Mingoti
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Jullye Gavioli
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Joana V Cassol
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Marceli C Hanauer
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Mariélly B Hellmann
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Filomena Marafon
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Amanda G Bertollo
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Jesiel de Medeiros
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Arthur D Cortez
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Z Réus
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriela G de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Zuleide M Ignácio
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Margarete D Bagatini
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
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Travers RL, Trim WV, Motta AC, Betts JA, Thompson D. Calorie restriction-induced leptin reduction and T-lymphocyte activation in blood and adipose tissue in men with overweight and obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:993-1002. [PMID: 38538853 PMCID: PMC11216992 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01513-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-Lymphocyte activation is modulated by the adipokine leptin and serum concentrations of this hormone can be reduced with short-term calorie restriction. The aim of this study was to understand whether leptin per se is important in determining levels of T-lymphocyte activation in humans, by investigating whether the reduction in leptin concentration following calorie restriction is associated with a decrease in T-Lymphocyte activation in blood and adipose tissue. METHODS Twelve men with overweight and obesity (age 35-55 years, waist circumference 95-115 cm) reduced their calorie intake by 50% for 3 consecutive days. Blood and subcutaneous adipose tissue were obtained for isolation of immune cells and cytokine analysis. CD4+ and CD8 + T-Lymphocytes were identified and characterised according to their expression of activation markers CD25 and CD69 by flow cytometry. RESULTS Serum leptin was reduced by (mean ± SEM) 31 ± 16% (p < 0.001) following calorie restriction. The percentage of blood CD4 + CD25 + T-lymphocytes and level of CD25 expression on these lymphocytes were significantly reduced by 8 ± 10% (p = 0.016) and 8 ± 4% (p = 0.058), respectively. After calorie restriction, ex vivo leptin secretion from abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue explants was not changed, and this corresponded with a lack of change in adipose tissue resident T-Lymphocyte activation. CONCLUSIONS Serum leptin was reduced after calorie restriction and this was temporally associated with a reduction in activation of blood CD4 + CD25 + T-Lymphocytes. In abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue, however, leptin secretion was unaltered, and there were no observed changes in adipose resident T-Lymphocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Travers
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism (CNEM), Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - William V Trim
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism (CNEM), Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, MA02115, USA
| | - Alexandre C Motta
- Unilever Food & Health Research Institute R&D, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
- IMcoMET BV, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - James A Betts
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism (CNEM), Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Dylan Thompson
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism (CNEM), Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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Neppala S, Chigurupati HD, Mopuru NN, Alle NR, James A, Bhalodia A, Shaik S, Bandaru RR, Nanjundappa A, Sunkara P, Gummadi J, Desai R. Impact Of body Mass Index on Cardiopulmonary Outcomes of COVID-19 Hospitalizations Complicated by Severe Sepsis. OBESITY PILLARS 2024; 10:100101. [PMID: 38435542 PMCID: PMC10905037 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2024.100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Background Body Mass Index (BMI) has a significant impact on Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patient outcomes; however, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular outcomes in patients with severe sepsis have been poorly understood. Our study aims to explore and provide insight into its association. Methods This is an observational study looking at the impact of BMI on COVID-19-severe sepsis hospitalizations. The primary outcomes are adjusted odds of all-cause in-hospital mortality, respiratory failure, and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), which include acute myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, and acute ischemic stroke. The secondary outcome was healthcare resource utilization. Coexisting comorbidities and patient features were adjusted with multivariable regression analyses. Results Of 51,740 patients with severe COVID-19-sepsis admissions, 11.4% were overweight, 24.8% had Class I obesity (BMI 30-34.9), 19.8% had Class II obesity (BMI 35-39.9), and 43.9% had the categorization of Class III obesity (BMI >40) cohorts with age>18 years. The odds of MACCE in patients with class II obesity and class III obesity (OR 1.09 and 1.54; 95CI 0.93-1.29 and 1.33-1.79) were significantly higher than in overweight (p < 0.001). Class I, Class II, and Class III patients with obesity revealed lower odds of respiratory failure compared to overweight (OR 0.89, 0.82, and 0.82; 95CI 0.75-1.05, 0.69-0.97, and 0.70-0.97), but failed to achieve statistical significance (p = 0.079). On multivariable regression analysis, all-cause in-hospital mortality revealed significantly higher odds in patients with Class III obesity, Class II, and Class I (OR 1.56, 1.17, and 1.06; 95CI 1.34-1.81, 0.99-1.38, and 0.91-1.24) vs. overweight patients (p < 0.001). Conclusions Patients with Class II and Class III obesity had significantly higher odds of MACCE and in-hospital mortality in COVID-19-severe sepsis admissions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Himaja Dutt Chigurupati
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College at Saint Michael's Medical Center, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Nikhilender Nag Mopuru
- Department of Medicine, Kamineni Academy of medical sciences and research Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Alpha James
- Department of Medicine, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivitsi, Ukraine
| | - Ami Bhalodia
- Department of Medicine, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay Medical College, Gujrat, India
| | - Sajida Shaik
- Department of Medicine, Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Praveena Sunkara
- Department of Medicine, Medstar Medical group, Charlotte Hall, MD, USA
| | - Jyotsna Gummadi
- Department of Medicine, MedStar Franklin Square Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rupak Desai
- Independent Outcomes Researcher, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Skerenova M, Cibulka M, Dankova Z, Holubekova V, Kolkova Z, Lucansky V, Dvorska D, Kapinova A, Krivosova M, Petras M, Baranovicova E, Baranova I, Novakova E, Liptak P, Banovcin P, Bobcakova A, Rosolanka R, Janickova M, Stanclova A, Gaspar L, Caprnda M, Prosecky R, Labudova M, Gabbasov Z, Rodrigo L, Kruzliak P, Lasabova Z, Matakova T, Halasova E. Host genetic variants associated with COVID-19 reconsidered in a Slovak cohort. Adv Med Sci 2024; 69:198-207. [PMID: 38555007 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
We present the results of an association study involving hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with a clinical background during the 3rd pandemic wave of COVID-19 in Slovakia. Seventeen single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in the eleven most relevant genes, according to the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative, were investigated. Our study confirms the validity of the influence of LZTFL1 and 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS)1/OAS3 genetic variants on the severity of COVID-19. For two LZTFL1 SNVs in complete linkage disequilibrium, rs17713054 and rs73064425, the odds ratios of baseline allelic associations and logistic regressions (LR) adjusted for age and sex ranged in the four tested designs from 2.04 to 2.41 and from 2.05 to 3.98, respectively. The OAS1/OAS3 haplotype 'gttg' carrying a functional allele G of splice-acceptor variant rs10774671 manifested its protective function in the Delta pandemic wave. Significant baseline allelic associations of two DPP9 variants in all tested designs and two IFNAR2 variants in the Omicron pandemic wave were not confirmed by adjusted LR. Nevertheless, adjusted LR showed significant associations of NOTCH4 rs3131294 and TYK2 rs2304256 variants with severity of COVID-19. Hospitalized patients' reported comorbidities were not correlated with genetic variants, except for obesity, smoking (IFNAR2), and hypertension (NOTCH4). The results of our study suggest that host genetic variations have an impact on the severity and duration of acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Considering the differences in allelic associations between pandemic waves, they support the hypothesis that every new SARS-CoV-2 variant may modify the host immune response by reconfiguring involved pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Skerenova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Michal Cibulka
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Dankova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Holubekova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Kolkova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Vincent Lucansky
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Dana Dvorska
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Kapinova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Krivosova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Martin Petras
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Eva Baranovicova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Baranova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Elena Novakova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Liptak
- Clinic of Internal Medicine- Gastroenterology, University Hospital in Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Banovcin
- Clinic of Internal Medicine- Gastroenterology, University Hospital in Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Anna Bobcakova
- Clinic of Pneumology and Phthisiology, University Hospital in Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Robert Rosolanka
- Clinic of Infectology and Travel Medicine, University Hospital in Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Maria Janickova
- Clinic of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital in Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Stanclova
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Ludovit Gaspar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Caprnda
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Robert Prosecky
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne'S University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Labudova
- Faculty of Health Care and Social Work, University of Trnava in Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Zufar Gabbasov
- National Medical Research Centre for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo and Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo and Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain; Research and Development Services, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Zora Lasabova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Tatiana Matakova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Erika Halasova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia.
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Ahmadi Hekmatikar A, Nelson A, Petersen A. Highlighting the idea of exerkines in the management of cancer patients with cachexia: novel insights and a critical review. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:889. [PMID: 37730552 PMCID: PMC10512651 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11391-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exerkines are all peptides, metabolites, and nucleic acids released into the bloodstream during and after physical exercise. Exerkines liberated from skeletal muscle (myokines), the heart (cardiokines), liver (hepatokines), white adipose tissue (adipokines), brown adipose tissue (batokines), and neurons (neurokines) may benefit health and wellbeing. Cancer-related cachexia is a highly prevalent disorder characterized by weight loss with specific skeletal muscle and adipose tissue loss. Many studies have sought to provide exercise strategies for managing cachexia, focusing on musculoskeletal tissue changes. Therefore, understanding the responses of musculoskeletal and other tissue exerkines to acute and chronic exercise may provide novel insight and recommendations for physical training to counteract cancer-related cachexia. METHODS For the purpose of conducting this study review, we made efforts to gather relevant studies and thoroughly discuss them to create a comprehensive overview. To achieve this, we conducted searches using appropriate keywords in various databases. Studies that were deemed irrelevant to the current research, not available in English, or lacking full-text access were excluded. Nevertheless, it is important to acknowledge the limited amount of research conducted in this specific field. RESULTS In order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the findings, we prioritized human studies in order to obtain results that closely align with the scope of the present study. However, in instances where human studies were limited or additional analysis was required to draw more robust conclusions, we also incorporated animal studies. Finally, 295 studies, discussed in this review. CONCLUSION Our understanding of the underlying physiological mechanisms related to the significance of investigating exerkines in cancer cachexia is currently quite basic. Nonetheless, this demonstrated that resistance and aerobic exercise can contribute to the reduction and control of the disease in individuals with cancer cachexia, as well as in survivors, by inducing changes in exerkines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Ahmadi Hekmatikar
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14117-13116, Iran
| | - André Nelson
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Aaron Petersen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Boicean LC, Birlutiu RM, Birlutiu V. Correlations between serum leptin levels and classical biomarkers in SARS-CoV-2 infection, in critically ill patients. Microb Pathog 2023; 182:106238. [PMID: 37419217 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered levels of some blood markers might be linked with the degree of severity and mortality of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study aimed to find out if there are correlations between serum leptin levels and classical biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS We present a single-center observational cohort study on SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. The study was conducted at Infectious Diseases Clinic of Academic Emergency Hospital Sibiu, from May through November 2020. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed 54 patients, all with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS Our results revealed that there is a negative correlation between serum leptin and Interleukin-6 levels and a positive correlation between serum leptin and blood glucose levels. A positive correlation between ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase levels was also observed. No correlation was found between leptin and other biomarkers such as ferritin, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, or D-dimer. CONCLUSIONS Further studies need to be conducted to investigate the role of leptin in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results of this research could contribute to the introduction of the determination of serum leptin levels in the routine evaluation of patients with critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Camelia Boicean
- "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, Faculty of Medicine, Sibiu, Romania; Academic Emergency Hospital Sibiu, Infectious Diseases Clinic, Sibiu, Romania.
| | | | - Victoria Birlutiu
- "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, Faculty of Medicine, Sibiu, Romania; Academic Emergency Hospital Sibiu, Infectious Diseases Clinic, Sibiu, Romania
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Nigro E, D’Agnano V, Quarcio G, Mariniello DF, Bianco A, Daniele A, Perrotta F. Exploring the Network between Adipocytokines and Inflammatory Response in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3806. [PMID: 37686837 PMCID: PMC10490077 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is actually regarded as an endocrine organ, rather than as an organ that merely stores energy. During the COVID-19 pandemic, obesity has undoubtedly emerged as one of the most important risk factors for disease severity and poor outcomes related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aberrant production of cytokine-like hormones, called adipokines, may contribute to alterations in metabolism, dysfunction in vascular endothelium and the creation of a state of general chronic inflammation. Moreover, chronic, low-grade inflammation linked to obesity predisposes the host to immunosuppression and excessive cytokine activation. In this respect, understanding the mechanisms that link obesity with the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection could represent a real game changer in the development of new therapeutic strategies. Our review therefore examines the pathogenic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2, the implications with visceral adipose tissue and the influences of the adipose tissue and its adipokines on the clinical behavior of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersilia Nigro
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl “Franco Salvatore”, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy; (E.N.); (A.D.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Vito D’Agnano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (G.Q.); (D.F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Gianluca Quarcio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (G.Q.); (D.F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Domenica Francesca Mariniello
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (G.Q.); (D.F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrea Bianco
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (G.Q.); (D.F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Aurora Daniele
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl “Franco Salvatore”, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy; (E.N.); (A.D.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Perrotta
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (G.Q.); (D.F.M.); (A.B.)
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D'Elia L, Masulli M, Iacone R, Russo O, Strazzullo P, Galletti F. Relationship between leptin and white blood cells: a potential role in infection susceptibility and severity-the Olivetti Heart Study. Intern Emerg Med 2023; 18:1429-1436. [PMID: 37217748 PMCID: PMC10202358 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-023-03313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A number of evidence showed an emerging role of leptin on immune system, involving inflammation, and innate and adaptive immunity. Few observational studies have evaluated the relationship between leptin and immunity, albeit with low statistical power and methodological differences. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential role of leptin on the immunity, expressed as white blood cells (WBC)-and its subpopulations, by comprehensive multivariate models in a sample of adult men. A cross-sectional evaluation of a general population comprised 939 subjects participating in the Olivetti Heart Study, with available leptin levels and WBC-and its subpopulations. WBC were significantly and positively associated with leptin, C-reactive protein and HOMA index (p < 0.05), but not with age and anthropometric indices (p > 0.05). The multivariate analysis confirmed the association between leptin and WBC, after accounting for main confounders (p < 0.05). Additional analysis on WBC subpopulations showed a positive and significant correlation between leptin and lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils (p < 0.05), but not with neutrophils and basophils (p > 0.05). After stratification by body weight, the positive and significant association between leptin and WBC-and its subpopulations-was found in excess body weight participants. The results of this study indicate a direct relationship between leptin levels and WBC-and its subpopulations-in excess body weight participants. These results support the hypothesis that leptin has modulatory functions on immunity and role in the pathophysiology of immune-related diseases, in particular in those associated with excess body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfranco D'Elia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples Medical School, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Masulli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples Medical School, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Iacone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples Medical School, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ornella Russo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples Medical School, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Strazzullo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples Medical School, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Galletti
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples Medical School, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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10
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Kuliczkowska-Płaksej J, Jawiarczyk-Przybyłowska A, Zembska A, Kolačkov K, Syrycka J, Kałużny M, Polowczyk-Kawałko B, Kubicka E, Bolanowski M. Ghrelin and Leptin Concentrations in Patients after SARS-CoV2 Infection. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12103551. [PMID: 37240656 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV2 infection can lead to severe cytokine storm especially in obese patients. Ghrelin acts not only as an appetite regulator but can also play a key role in the immune reaction. Leptin, secreted mainly by the white adipose tissue, can act as a pro-inflammatory cytokine. The crucial question is whether or not the cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients with obesity is linked to adipokine dysregulation. The aim of this study was to assess ghrelin and leptin concentrations in patients 6 months after SARS-CoV2 infection in comparison to a control group considering the influence of sex. The study group included 53 patients with a history of COVID-19 and 87 healthy subjects in the control group. Leptin and ghrelin concentrations as well as hormonal and biochemical parameters were measured. A significantly higher ghrelin concentration was observed in the COVID-19 group in comparison to the control group, with a statistically significant impact of sex on the relationship between COVID-19 and ghrelin concentration, which was lower in the males. No statistically significant differences in leptin concentration were observed between the groups. A significant negative correlation was observed between ghrelin and testosterone and morning cortisol levels in the COVID-19 group. The current study showed that ghrelin levels were significantly higher in patients 6 months after a mild course of SARS-CoV2 infection. To confirm the hypothetical protective role of ghrelin in the inflammatory process, it would be necessary to compare serum ghrelin levels between patients after mild and severe courses of COVID-19. Due to the small sample size and the lack of patients with a severe course of COVID-19, these observations need further investigation. There were no differences in leptin concentrations between the COVID-19 patients and the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Kuliczkowska-Płaksej
- Department and Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wrocław Medical University, Wybrzeże Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Jawiarczyk-Przybyłowska
- Department and Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wrocław Medical University, Wybrzeże Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zembska
- Department and Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wrocław Medical University, Wybrzeże Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kolačkov
- Department and Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wrocław Medical University, Wybrzeże Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Syrycka
- Department and Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wrocław Medical University, Wybrzeże Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Kałużny
- Department and Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wrocław Medical University, Wybrzeże Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Beata Polowczyk-Kawałko
- Department and Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wrocław Medical University, Wybrzeże Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Eliza Kubicka
- Department and Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wrocław Medical University, Wybrzeże Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Bolanowski
- Department and Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wrocław Medical University, Wybrzeże Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
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11
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Alim Al-Bari A, Ito Y, Thomes PG, Menon MB, García-Macia M, Fadel R, Stadlin A, Peake N, Faris ME, Eid N, Klionsky DJ. Emerging mechanistic insights of selective autophagy in hepatic diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1149809. [PMID: 37007026 PMCID: PMC10060854 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1149809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy), a highly conserved metabolic process, regulates cellular homeostasis by degrading dysfunctional cytosolic constituents and invading pathogens via the lysosomal system. In addition, autophagy selectively recycles specific organelles such as damaged mitochondria (via mitophagy), and lipid droplets (LDs; via lipophagy) or eliminates specialized intracellular pathogenic microorganisms such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and coronaviruses (via virophagy). Selective autophagy, particularly mitophagy, plays a key role in the preservation of healthy liver physiology, and its dysfunction is connected to the pathogenesis of a wide variety of liver diseases. For example, lipophagy has emerged as a defensive mechanism against chronic liver diseases. There is a prominent role for mitophagy and lipophagy in hepatic pathologies including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and drug-induced liver injury. Moreover, these selective autophagy pathways including virophagy are being investigated in the context of viral hepatitis and, more recently, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated hepatic pathologies. The interplay between diverse types of selective autophagy and its impact on liver diseases is briefly addressed. Thus, modulating selective autophagy (e.g., mitophagy) would seem to be effective in improving liver diseases. Considering the prominence of selective autophagy in liver physiology, this review summarizes the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms and functions of selective autophagy (mainly mitophagy and lipophagy) in liver physiology and pathophysiology. This may help in finding therapeutic interventions targeting hepatic diseases via manipulation of selective autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Alim Al-Bari
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Yuko Ito
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Paul G. Thomes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Manoj B. Menon
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Marina García-Macia
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Raouf Fadel
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Al Manama, Bahrain
| | - Alfreda Stadlin
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Ajman university, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nicholas Peake
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - MoezAlIslam Ezzat Faris
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nabil Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Human Biology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Nabil Eid,
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of MI, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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12
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Chen Y, Song W, Li C, Wang J, Liu F, Ye Z, Ren P, Tong Y, Li J, Ou Z, Lee ACY, Cai JP, Wong BHY, Chan JFW, Yuen KY, Zhang AJX, Chu H. COVID-19 mRNA vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 infection in diet-induced obese mice through boosting host innate antiviral responses. EBioMedicine 2023; 89:104485. [PMID: 36857860 PMCID: PMC9970285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a worldwide epidemic and is considered a risk factor of severe manifestation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The pathogenicity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and host responses to infection, re-infection, and vaccination in individuals with obesity remain incompletely understood. METHODS Using the diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse model, we studied SARS-CoV-2 Alpha- and Omicron BA.1-induced disease manifestations and host immune responses to infection, re-infection, and COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. FINDINGS Unlike in lean mice, Omicron BA.1 and Alpha replicated to comparable levels in the lungs of DIO mice and resulted in similar degree of tissue damages. Importantly, both T cell and B cell mediated adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 mRNA vaccination are impaired in DIO mice, leading to higher propensity of re-infection and lower vaccine efficacy. However, despite the absence of neutralizing antibody, vaccinated DIO mice are protected from lung damage upon Omicron challenge, accompanied with significantly more IFN-α and IFN-β production in the lung tissue. Lung RNAseq and subsequent experiments indicated that COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in DIO mice boosted antiviral innate immune response, including the expression of IFN-α, when compared to the nonvaccinated controls. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggested that COVID-19 mRNA vaccination enhances host innate antiviral responses in obesity which protect the DIO mice to a certain degree when adaptive immunity is suboptimal. FUNDING A full list of funding bodies that contributed to this study can be found in the Acknowledgements section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Chen
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchen Song
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Li
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxuan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Liu
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanhong Ye
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Peidi Ren
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihan Tong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhua Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Ou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrew Chak-Yiu Lee
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Piao Cai
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Bosco Ho-Yin Wong
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China; and The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China; and The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Anna Jin-Xia Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hin Chu
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Chen J, Mi B, Yan M, Wang Y, Zhu K, Yu C, Zhang Y, Koyama S, Ren X. The effects of comorbidities on the change of taste and smell in COVID-19 patients. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2023; 8:25-33. [PMID: 36846410 PMCID: PMC9948579 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sudden chemosensory changes were considered an early predictor of COVID-19. Here, the effects of comorbidities on changes in taste and smell in COVID-19 patients were investigated based on a worldwide study. Methods Data analyzed here were collected from the Global Consortium for Chemosensory Research (GCCR) core questionnaire, including questions regarding preexisting disease conditions. Overall, the final sample of 12,438 participants who were diagnosed with COVID-19 included patients with preexisting conditions. Mixed linear regression models were used to test our hypothesis, and the p-value of interaction was examined. Results A total of 61,067 participants completed the GCCR questionnaire, including 16,016 participants had preexisting diseases. The multivariate regression analysis showed that individuals with high blood pressure, lung disease, or sinus problems, or neurological diseases exhibited worse self-reported smell loss (p < .05), but no apparent significant differences in the smell or taste recovery. COVID-19 patients with seasonal allergy/hay fever lost their olfactory ability more than patients who did not have it (with 11.90 [9.67, 14.13] vs. without 6.97 [6.04, 7.91], p < .0001). The taste ability, smell loss and taste loss after COVID-19 recovery also decreased in the COVID-19 patients with seasonal allergy/hay fever (p < .001). Preexisting condition of diabetes did not worsen to chemosensory disorder but also had no obvious impact on the chemosensory recovery after acute infection. Preexisting diseases also affected the type of smell change in the COVID-19 patients with seasonal allergy/hay fever or sinus problems (p < .05). Conclusions COVID-19 patients with high blood pressure, lung disease, or sinus problems, or neurological diseases exhibited worse self-reported smell loss, but no differences in the smell or taste recovery. COVID-19 patients with seasonal allergy/hay fever had greater loss of smell and taste, poorer smell and taste recovery. Level of Evidence 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingguo Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xibei Hospital)Xi'anChina
| | - Baibing Mi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Health Science CenterXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Miaojia Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Health Science CenterXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yutong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Health Science CenterXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Kang Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xibei Hospital)Xi'anChina
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xibei Hospital)Xi'anChina
| | - Yanni Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xibei Hospital)Xi'anChina
| | - Sachiko Koyama
- Department of ChemistryIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIndianaUSA
| | - Xiaoyong Ren
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xibei Hospital)Xi'anChina
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Horlenko OM, Hechko KA, Prylypko LB, Blaga O, Horlenko FV, Kutsyn ОO, Halay BM. IMMUNE-INFLAMMATORY-ENDOCRINE REGULATION DISORDERS IN CHILDREN WITH CORONAVIRUS INFECTION. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2023; 76:2420-2428. [PMID: 38112359 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202311113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: To study the of homeostasis links desorder and indicators imbalance in children with Coronavirus infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: A clinical and laboratory study was conducted in children (50 persons) with Coronavirus infection. The children were used outpatient treatment. RESULTS Results: It was found that Direct bilirubin was increased in 3 times (10.55±7.67 vs. 3.63±0.49 μmol/l, p<0.01), Alanine aminotransferase - in 1.7 times (37,02±20.53 vs. 21.90±1.82 IU/l, p<0.01). An levels increassng of Ig G - in 12.3 times, Ig E - in 4.6 times, Ig M - in 3.4 times was observed. The CRP level was increased in 3.1 times (8.76 ± 2.16 vs. 2.54 ± 0.53 mg/l, p< 0.01), C-peptide (4.65±1.67 vs. 1.23±0.08 ng/ml, p<0.01) - in 3.8 times. Negative correlations of T3 with Procalcitonin (r=-0.30) and Creatinine (r=-34) were revealed. T4 values are correlated with Total cholesterol (r=-0.65) and Creatinine (r=0.29). Leptin was presented positive correlations with Alanine aminotransferase (r=0.48) and with C-peptide (r=0.39). CONCLUSION Conclusions: There was an increase in the Ig G levels in 12.3 times, Ig E - in 4.6 times, and the Ig M level - in 3.4 times. The Thyroid stimulating hormone level was significantly lower (in 4.7 times). An increase in the C-reactive protein levels (in 3.1 times) and C-peptide (in 3.8 times) was observed. It should be noted that the strongest negative correlation between T4 and Total cholesterol (r=-0.65) and the highest positive correlation between Leptin and Alanine aminotransferase (r=0.48) and C-peptide (r=0. 39).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Olga Blaga
- UZHHOROD NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, UZHHOROD, UKRAINE
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15
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Geerling E, Hameed M, Weger-Lucarelli J, Pinto AK. Metabolic syndrome and aberrant immune responses to viral infection and vaccination: Insights from small animal models. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1015563. [PMID: 36532060 PMCID: PMC9747772 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1015563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This review outlines the propensity for metabolic syndrome (MetS) to induce elevated disease severity, higher mortality rates post-infection, and poor vaccination outcomes for viral pathogens. MetS is a cluster of conditions including high blood glucose, an increase in circulating low-density lipoproteins and triglycerides, abdominal obesity, and elevated blood pressure which often overlap in their occurrence. MetS diagnoses are on the rise, as reported cases have increased by greater than 35% since 1988, resulting in one-third of United States adults currently diagnosed as MetS patients. In the aftermath of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, a link between MetS and disease severity was established. Since then, numerous studies have been conducted to illuminate the impact of MetS on enhancing virally induced morbidity and dysregulation of the host immune response. These correlative studies have emphasized the need for elucidating the mechanisms by which these alterations occur, and animal studies conducted as early as the 1940s have linked the conditions associated with MetS with enhanced viral disease severity and poor vaccine outcomes. In this review, we provide an overview of the importance of considering overall metabolic health in terms of cholesterolemia, glycemia, triglyceridemia, insulin and other metabolic molecules, along with blood pressure levels and obesity when studying the impact of metabolism-related malignancies on immune function. We highlight the novel insights that small animal models have provided for MetS-associated immune dysfunction following viral infection. Such animal models of aberrant metabolism have paved the way for our current understanding of MetS and its impact on viral disease severity, dysregulated immune responses to viral pathogens, poor vaccination outcomes, and contributions to the emergence of viral variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Geerling
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Muddassar Hameed
- Department of Biomedical Science and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States,Center for Zoonotic and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - James Weger-Lucarelli
- Department of Biomedical Science and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States,Center for Zoonotic and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Amelia K. Pinto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States,*Correspondence: Amelia K. Pinto,
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16
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Roy PK, Song MG, Jeon EB, Kim SH, Park SY. Effects of dietary intake behavior, food supply, nutrition, and health during the COVID-19 outbreak. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1032750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which began in 2019, has far-reaching ramifications, including economic losses and health challenges that still affect various parts of the world. During our review, we learned that the entire world is working to stop the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. We explore ways that may lower the danger of SARS-CoV-2 contamination and useful strategies to avoid the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 spreading through food. While hygienic protocols are required in the food supply sector, cleaning, disinfection, and the avoidance of cross-contamination across food categories and other related goods at different stages of the manufacturing process remain especially important because the virus can survive for long periods of time on inert materials such as food packaging. Furthermore, personal hygiene (regular washing and disinfection), wearing gloves and using masks, garments, and footwear dedicated to maintaining hygiene provide on-site safety for food sector personnel, supply chain intermediaries, and consumers. Restrictions imposed in response to the pandemic (e.g., closure of physical workplaces, canteens, cafes, restaurants, schools, and childcare institutions), changes in household grocery shopping frequency, individuals' perceived risk of COVID-19, income losses due to the pandemic, and sociodemographic factors are among the factors. The conclusions drawn from this study consider the implications of healthy diets, food system resilience, behavior change, and nutritional imbalance for policymakers and food supply chain participants, as well as the antimicrobial effects of vitamins and nutrients. During a public health crisis, people should eat less, necessitating preventive policies and nutritional advice to deal with this.
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17
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Hameed M, Geerling E, Pinto AK, Miraj I, Weger-Lucarelli J. Immune response to arbovirus infection in obesity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:968582. [PMID: 36466818 PMCID: PMC9716109 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.968582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem that affects 650 million people worldwide and leads to diverse changes in host immunity. Individuals with obesity experience an increase in the size and the number of adipocytes, which function as an endocrine organ and release various adipocytokines such as leptin and adiponectin that exert wide ranging effects on other cells. In individuals with obesity, macrophages account for up to 40% of adipose tissue (AT) cells, three times more than in adipose tissue (10%) of healthy weight individuals and secrete several cytokines and chemokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, chemokine C-C ligand (CCL)-2, IL-6, CCL5, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, leading to the development of inflammation. Overall, obesity-derived cytokines strongly affect immune responses and make patients with obesity more prone to severe symptoms than patients with a healthy weight. Several epidemiological studies reported a strong association between obesity and severe arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) infections such as dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Sindbis virus (SINV). Recently, experimental investigations found that DENV, WNV, CHIKV and Mayaro virus (MAYV) infections cause worsened disease outcomes in infected diet induced obese (DIO) mice groups compared to infected healthy-weight animals. The mechanisms leading to higher susceptibility to severe infections in individuals with obesity remain unknown, though a better understanding of the causes will help scientists and clinicians develop host directed therapies to treat severe disease. In this review article, we summarize the effects of obesity on the host immune response in the context of arboviral infections. We have outlined that obesity makes the host more susceptible to infectious agents, likely by disrupting the functions of innate and adaptive immune cells. We have also discussed the immune response of DIO mouse models against some important arboviruses such as CHIKV, MAYV, DENV, and WNV. We can speculate that obesity-induced disruption of innate and adaptive immune cell function in arboviral infections ultimately affects the course of arboviral disease. Therefore, further studies are needed to explore the cellular and molecular aspects of immunity that are compromised in obesity during arboviral infections or vaccination, which will be helpful in developing specific therapeutic/prophylactic interventions to prevent immunopathology and disease progression in individuals with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muddassar Hameed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Geerling
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Amelia K. Pinto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Iqra Miraj
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - James Weger-Lucarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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18
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Schwarz B, Roberts LM, Bohrnsen E, Jessop F, Wehrly TD, Shaia C, Bosio CM. Contribution of Lipid Mediators in Divergent Outcomes following Acute Bacterial and Viral Lung Infections in the Obese Host. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:1323-1334. [PMID: 36002235 PMCID: PMC9529825 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is considered an important comorbidity for a range of noninfectious and infectious disease states including those that originate in the lung, yet the mechanisms that contribute to this susceptibility are not well defined. In this study, we used the diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model and two models of acute pulmonary infection, Francisella tularensis subspecies tularensis strain SchuS4 and SARS-CoV-2, to uncover the contribution of obesity in bacterial and viral disease. Whereas DIO mice were more resistant to infection with SchuS4, DIO animals were more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with regular weight mice. In both models, neither survival nor morbidity correlated with differences in pathogen load, overall cellularity, or influx of inflammatory cells in target organs of DIO and regular weight animals. Increased susceptibility was also not associated with exacerbated production of cytokines and chemokines in either model. Rather, we observed pathogen-specific dysregulation of the host lipidome that was associated with vulnerability to infection. Inhibition of specific pathways required for generation of lipid mediators reversed resistance to both bacterial and viral infection. Taken together, our data demonstrate disparity among obese individuals for control of lethal bacterial and viral infection and suggest that dysregulation of the host lipidome contributes to increased susceptibility to viral infection in the obese host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Schwarz
- Immunity to Pulmonary Pathogens Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT; and
| | - Lydia M Roberts
- Immunity to Pulmonary Pathogens Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT; and
| | - Eric Bohrnsen
- Immunity to Pulmonary Pathogens Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT; and
| | - Forrest Jessop
- Immunity to Pulmonary Pathogens Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT; and
| | - Tara D Wehrly
- Immunity to Pulmonary Pathogens Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT; and
| | - Carl Shaia
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT
| | - Catharine M Bosio
- Immunity to Pulmonary Pathogens Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT; and
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19
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Presti EL, Nuzzo D, Al Mahmeed W, Al-Rasadi K, Al-Alawi K, Banach M, Banerjee Y, Ceriello A, Cesur M, Cosentino F, Firenze A, Galia M, Goh SY, Janez A, Kalra S, Kapoor N, Kempler P, Lessan N, Lotufo P, Papanas N, Rizvi AA, Sahebkar A, Santos RD, Stoian AP, Toth PP, Viswanathan V, Rizzo M. Molecular and pro-inflammatory aspects of COVID-19: The impact on cardiometabolic health. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166559. [PMID: 36174875 PMCID: PMC9510069 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), hypertension (HTN), and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) often cluster together as “Cardiometabolic Disease” (CMD). Just under 50% of patients with CMD increased the risk of morbidity and mortality right from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic as it has been reported in most countries affected by the SARS-CoV2 virus. One of the pathophysiological hallmarks of COVID-19 is the overactivation of the immune system with a prominent IL-6 response, resulting in severe and systemic damage involving also cytokines such as IL2, IL4, IL8, IL10, and interferon-gamma were considered strong predictors of COVID-19 severity. Thus, in this mini-review, we try to describe the inflammatory state, the alteration of the adipokine profile, and cytokine production in the obese state of infected and not infected patients by SARS-CoV2 with the final aim to find possible influences of COVID-19 on CMD and CVD. The immunological-based discussion of the molecular processes could inspire the study of promising targets for managing CMD patients and its complications during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lo Presti
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Nuzzo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Wael Al Mahmeed
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Kamila Al-Alawi
- Department of Training and Studies, Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Yajnavalka Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Mohamed Bin Rashid University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Mustafa Cesur
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Ankara Güven Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Francesco Cosentino
- Unit of Cardiology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, University of Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alberto Firenze
- Unit of Research and International Cooperation, University Hospital of Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimo Galia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bind), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Su-Yen Goh
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Andrej Janez
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sanjay Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital & BRIDE, Karnal, India
| | - Nitin Kapoor
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Kempler
- Department of Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nader Lessan
- The Research Institute, Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Paulo Lotufo
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nikolaos Papanas
- Diabetes Center, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ali A Rizvi
- Department of Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Raul D Santos
- Heart Institute (InCor) University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anca P Stoian
- Faculty of Medicine, Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Peter P Toth
- Cicarrone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Promise), University of Palermo, Italy.
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20
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Humoral immunoresponse elicited against an adenoviral-based SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus vaccine in elderly patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:7193-7205. [PMID: 36152043 PMCID: PMC9550251 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The early sequencing of the SARS-CoV-2 viral genome allowed for a speedy development of effective vaccines against the virus. Nevertheless, age-related immunosenescence, the inability to mount strong immune responses, still represents a major obstacle. Here, in a group of 149 elderly volunteers (70-96 years old), evolution of the humoral immune response over time to Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V), a vaccine based on heterologous recombinant adenovirus-26 (Ad26) and adenovirus-5 (Ad5) carrying the Spike genome, was analyzed by an anti-RBD ELISA. At 28 days post vaccination (dpv), a seroconversion rate of 91% was achieved, showing the importance of administering at least two doses of Gam-COVID-Vac to elicit a robust immune response, especially in elderly individuals without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Interestingly, IgG specific antibodies that reached their highest titers around 28 dpv (median = 740), persisted without significant decrease after 60 dpv (median = 650). After 90 dpv, IgG titers began to drop, and at 180 dpv only 44.7% of the elderly individuals remained with detectable anti-RBD IgG antibodies. No significant differences were observed in specific humoral immune responses between genders at early times point. However, at 60 dpv anti-RBD titers were more persistent in elderly females, and only dropped at 90 dpv (p < 0.0001). As expected, the highest antibodies titers were elicited in the youngest subgroup (70-74 years). Our results show that Gam-COVID-Vac was able to deal with the ageing of the immune system, eliciting a robust immune response in an elderly cohort, which lasted approximately 90 dpv at high levels, and protected against COVID-19.
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21
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Bigdelou B, Sepand MR, Najafikhoshnoo S, Negrete JAT, Sharaf M, Ho JQ, Sullivan I, Chauhan P, Etter M, Shekarian T, Liang O, Hutter G, Esfandiarpour R, Zanganeh S. COVID-19 and Preexisting Comorbidities: Risks, Synergies, and Clinical Outcomes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:890517. [PMID: 35711466 PMCID: PMC9196863 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.890517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated symptoms, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), have rapidly spread worldwide, resulting in the declaration of a pandemic. When several countries began enacting quarantine and lockdown policies, the pandemic as it is now known truly began. While most patients have minimal symptoms, approximately 20% of verified subjects are suffering from serious medical consequences. Co-existing diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and others, have been shown to make patients more vulnerable to severe outcomes from COVID-19 by modulating host-viral interactions and immune responses, causing severe infection and mortality. In this review, we outline the putative signaling pathways at the interface of COVID-19 and several diseases, emphasizing the clinical and molecular implications of concurring diseases in COVID-19 clinical outcomes. As evidence is limited on co-existing diseases and COVID-19, most findings are preliminary, and further research is required for optimal management of patients with comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banafsheh Bigdelou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, United States
| | - Mohammad Reza Sepand
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, United States
| | - Sahar Najafikhoshnoo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Laboratory for Integrated Nano Bio Electronics Innovation, The Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jorge Alfonso Tavares Negrete
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Laboratory for Integrated Nano Bio Electronics Innovation, The Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Mohammed Sharaf
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jim Q Ho
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Ian Sullivan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, United States
| | - Prashant Chauhan
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre Czech Academy of Science, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Manina Etter
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tala Shekarian
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olin Liang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Gregor Hutter
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rahim Esfandiarpour
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Laboratory for Integrated Nano Bio Electronics Innovation, The Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Steven Zanganeh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, United States
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22
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The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients from a Bariatric Program: A Qualitative Analysis of Their Perceptions of Health and Well-Being. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10050780. [PMID: 35627916 PMCID: PMC9141578 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The study was conducted to explore the perceptions of patients from a bariatric program who have undergone or will undergo bariatric surgery during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, specifically as related to their struggles with health issues and their psychological well-being. Materials and Methods: We conducted semi-structured, in-depth interviews with nineteen pre- or post-bariatric patients to generate data on their perceptions of COVID-19. Consistent with the methods of constructivist grounded theory, we collected and analyzed data iteratively through a constant comparative process for data coding and develop themes in the transcripts. Results: We identified themes to summarize the pandemic-associated experiences of our cohort as follows: their life structure before COVID-19, the turning point with changes and adaptations, and the impact of isolation on psychological well-being. We identified grief due to loss of social contacts as well as physical and psychological health impairment as consequences of pandemic-related lifestyle changes. Most participants were not aware of overweight and obesity being major risk factors for worse outcomes of COVID-19. We developed a theme-based theory on patients’ perceptions and fears regarding the pandemic as they live through phases of grief. Discussion: Most participants shared critical perceptions about their own somatic and psychological health. These findings may inform recommendations and strategies for both patients and healthcare professionals to manage the challenges potentially presented by this vulnerable patient group in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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23
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Obesity and Leptin Resistance in the Regulation of the Type I Interferon Early Response and the Increased Risk for Severe COVID-19. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071388. [PMID: 35406000 PMCID: PMC9002648 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, and obesity-associated conditions such as hypertension, chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, are important risk factors for severe Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The common denominator is metaflammation, a portmanteau of metabolism and inflammation, which is characterized by chronically elevated levels of leptin and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These induce the “Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling 1 and 3” (SOCS1/3), which deactivates the leptin receptor and also other SOCS1/3 sensitive cytokine receptors in immune cells, impairing the type I and III interferon early responses. By also upregulating SOCS1/3, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 adds a significant boost to this. The ensuing consequence is a delayed but over-reactive immune response, characterized by high-grade inflammation (e.g., cytokine storm), endothelial damage, and hypercoagulation, thus leading to severe COVID-19. Superimposing an acute disturbance, such as a SARS-CoV-2 infection, on metaflammation severely tests resilience. In the long run, metaflammation causes the “typical western” conditions associated with metabolic syndrome. Severe COVID-19 and other serious infectious diseases can be added to the list of its short-term consequences. Therefore, preventive measures should include not only vaccination and the well-established actions intended to avoid infection, but also dietary and lifestyle interventions aimed at improving body composition and preventing or reversing metaflammation.
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Ilich JZ, Liu PY, Shin H, Kim Y, Chi Y. Cardiometabolic Indices after Weight Loss with Calcium or Dairy Foods: Secondary Analyses from a Randomized Trial with Overweight/Obese Postmenopausal Women. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051082. [PMID: 35268057 PMCID: PMC8912560 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of dairy foods and calcium/vitamin D supplements in cardiometabolic diseases is unknown. The objective of this secondary analysis is to investigate cardiometabolic risk factors changes after a 6-month weight-loss intervention in overweight/obese postmenopausal women divided in three groups: Ca+vitamin D supplements (S); low-fat dairy foods (D; 4−5 servings/day); or control/placebo pills (C), as complements to hypocaloric diets. The original study focused on bone/body composition. This analysis included blood pressure (BP), and serum triglycerides, lipids (including apoproteins Apo1 and ApoB), adipokines, and C-reactive protein in n = 97 participants who finished with complete data points. Systolic BP decreased 5.1%, 4.8%, and 1.8% in S, D, and C groups, respectively (p < 0.05 for S and D vs. baseline and vs. C at 6 months). Reduction in triglycerides and ratio of total cholesterol (TC)/high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL-C) was the highest in S, while the reduction in TC and LDL-C was the highest in D group (all p < 0.05). Leptin and ApoB significantly decreased and adiponectin and ApoA1 increased in all groups. In conclusion, although the C group’s participants experienced an improvement in some of the cardiometabolic indices with weight loss, those in the S and D groups showed significantly better results in most of the outcomes, indicating the beneficial effects of low-fat dairy foods and/or Ca+vitamin D intake as complements to a hypocaloric diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Z. Ilich
- Institute for Successful Longevity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-850-691-8770
| | - Pei-Yang Liu
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA;
| | - Hyehyung Shin
- Department of Social Welfare, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea;
| | - Youjin Kim
- GNC Holdings, LLC, Pittsburg, PA 15222, USA;
| | - Yichih Chi
- Independent Researcher, Fremont, CA 94539, USA;
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25
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Prescott L. SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro whole human proteome cleavage prediction and enrichment/depletion analysis. Comput Biol Chem 2022; 98:107671. [PMID: 35429835 PMCID: PMC8958254 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2022.107671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has devastated the globe as a pandemic that has killed millions of people. Widespread vaccination is still uncertain, so many scientific efforts have been directed toward discovering antiviral treatments. Many drugs are being investigated to inhibit the coronavirus main protease, 3CLpro, from cleaving its viral polyprotein, but few publications have addressed this protease’s interactions with the host proteome or their probable contribution to virulence. Too few host protein cleavages have been experimentally verified to fully understand 3CLpro’s global effects on relevant cellular pathways and tissues. Here, I set out to determine this protease’s targets and corresponding potential drug targets. Using a neural network trained on cleavages from 392 coronavirus proteomes with a Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.985, I predict that a large proportion of the human proteome is vulnerable to 3CLpro, with 4898 out of approximately 20,000 human proteins containing at least one putative cleavage site. These cleavages are nonrandomly distributed and are enriched in the epithelium along the respiratory tract, brain, testis, plasma, and immune tissues and depleted in olfactory and gustatory receptors despite the prevalence of anosmia and ageusia in COVID-19 patients. Affected cellular pathways include cytoskeleton/motor/cell adhesion proteins, nuclear condensation and other epigenetics, host transcription and RNAi, ribosomal stoichiometry and nascent-chain detection and degradation, ubiquitination, pattern recognition receptors, coagulation, lipoproteins, redox, and apoptosis. This whole proteome cleavage prediction demonstrates the importance of 3CLpro in expected and nontrivial pathways affecting virulence, lead me to propose more than a dozen potential therapeutic targets against coronaviruses, and should therefore be applied to all viral proteases and subsequently experimentally verified.
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Galkin SO, Anisenko AN, Shadrina OA, Gottikh MB. Genetic Engineering Systems to Study Human Viral Pathogens from the Coronaviridae Family. Mol Biol 2022; 56:72-89. [PMID: 35194246 PMCID: PMC8853348 DOI: 10.1134/s0026893322010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the previously unknown SARS-CoV-2 Betacoronavirus made it extremely important to develop simple and safe cellular systems which allow manipulation of the viral genome and high-throughput screening of its potential inhibitors. In this review, we made an attempt at summarizing the currently existing data on genetic engineering systems used to study not only SARS-CoV-2, but also other viruses from the Coronaviridae family. In addition, the review covers the basic knowledge about the structure and the life cycle of coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. O. Galkin
- Bioengineering and Bioinformatics Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - A. N. Anisenko
- Bioengineering and Bioinformatics Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - O. A. Shadrina
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - M. B. Gottikh
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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COVID-19 in Latin America and the Caribbean Region: Symptoms and Morbidities in the Epidemiology of Infection. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 63:102203. [PMID: 35255454 PMCID: PMC8896761 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has widespread economic and social effects on Latin America (LA) and the Caribbean (CA). This region, which has a high prevalence of chronic diseases, has been one of the most affected during the pandemic. Multiple symptoms and comorbidities are related to distinct COVID-19 outcomes. However, there has been no explanation as to why different patients present with different arrays of clinical presentations. Studies report that similar to comorbidities, each country in LA and the CA has its own particular health issues. Moreover, economic and social features have yet to be studied in detail to obtain a complete perspective of the disease in the region. Herein, the impact of demographic and economic characteristics in LA and the CA on COVID-19 are presented in combination with symptoms and comorbidities related to the disease as important aspects that can influence management and treatment.
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Mechanisms contributing to adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in obesity. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1155-1193. [PMID: 35084674 PMCID: PMC8793096 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04356-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A growing amount of epidemiological data from multiple countries indicate an increased prevalence of obesity, more importantly central obesity, among hospitalized subjects with COVID-19. This suggests that obesity is a major factor contributing to adverse outcome of the disease. As it is a metabolic disorder with dysregulated immune and endocrine function, it is logical that dysfunctional metabolism contributes to the mechanisms behind obesity being a risk factor for adverse outcome in COVID-19. Emerging data suggest that in obese subjects, (a) the molecular mechanisms of viral entry and spread mediated through ACE2 receptor, a multifunctional host cell protein which links to cellular homeostasis mechanisms, are affected. This includes perturbation of the physiological renin-angiotensin system pathway causing pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic challenges (b) existent metabolic overload and ER stress-induced UPR pathway make obese subjects vulnerable to severe COVID-19, (c) host cell response is altered involving reprogramming of metabolism and epigenetic mechanisms involving microRNAs in line with changes in obesity, and (d) adiposopathy with altered endocrine, adipokine, and cytokine profile contributes to altered immune cell metabolism, systemic inflammation, and vascular endothelial dysfunction, exacerbating COVID-19 pathology. In this review, we have examined the available literature on the underlying mechanisms contributing to obesity being a risk for adverse outcome in COVID-19.
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Bruno A, Ferrante G, Di Vincenzo S, Pace E, La Grutta S. Leptin in the Respiratory Tract: Is There a Role in SARS-CoV-2 Infection? Front Physiol 2022; 12:776963. [PMID: 35002761 PMCID: PMC8727443 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.776963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a pleiotropic adipocytokine involved in several physiologic functions, with a known role in innate and adaptive immunity as well as in tissue homeostasis. Long- and short-isoforms of leptin receptors are widely expressed in many peripheral tissues and organs, such as the respiratory tract. Similar to leptin, microbiota affects the immune system and may interfere with lung health through the bidirectional crosstalk called the “gut-lung axis.” Obesity leads to impaired protective immunity and altered susceptibility to pulmonary infections, as those by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although it is known that leptin and microbiota link metabolism and lung health, their role within the SARS-CoV2 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deserves further investigations. This review aimed to summarize the available evidence about: (i) the role of leptin in immune modulation; (ii) the role of gut microbiota within the gut-lung axis in modulating leptin sensitivity; and (iii) the role of leptin in the pathophysiology of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreina Bruno
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuliana Ferrante
- Pediatric Division, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Serena Di Vincenzo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefania La Grutta
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
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Larsson A, Lipcsey M, Hultström M, Frithiof R, Eriksson M. Plasma Leptin Is Increased in Intensive Care Patients with COVID-19-An Investigation Performed in the PronMed-Cohort. Biomedicines 2021; 10:biomedicines10010004. [PMID: 35052684 PMCID: PMC8773415 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has shaken the world and intensive care units (ICU) have been challenged by numerous patients suffering from a previously unknown disease. Leptin is a polypeptide pleiotropic hormone, mainly expressed by adipocytes. It acts as a proinflammatory cytokine and is associated with several conditions, known to increase the risk of severe COVID-19. Very little is known about leptin in severe viral disorders. Plasma leptin was analyzed in 222 out of 229 patients with severe COVID-19 on admission to an ICU at Uppsala University Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in Sweden, and compared to plasma leptin in 25 healthy blood donors. COVID-19 was confirmed by positive PCR. Leptin levels were significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 (18.3 ng × mL−1; IQR = 30.4), than in healthy controls (7.8 ng × mL−1; IQR = 6.4). Women had significantly higher leptin values (22.9 ng × mL−1; IQR = 29.8) than men (17.5 ng × mL−1; IQR = 29.9). Mortality at 30 days was 23% but was not associated with increased leptin levels. Neither median duration of COVID-19 before admission to ICU (10 days; IQR = 4) or median length of ICU stay (8 days; IQR = 11) correlated with the plasma leptin levels. Leptin levels in COVID-19 were higher in females than in males. Both treatment (e.g., use of corticosteroids) and prophylaxis (vaccines) have been improved since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, which may contribute to some difficulties in deciphering relations between COVID-19 and leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-186114271
| | - Miklós Lipcsey
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.L.); (M.H.); (R.F.); (M.E.)
- Hedenstierna Laboratory, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Hultström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.L.); (M.H.); (R.F.); (M.E.)
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Integrative Physiology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert Frithiof
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.L.); (M.H.); (R.F.); (M.E.)
| | - Mats Eriksson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.L.); (M.H.); (R.F.); (M.E.)
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Ghanemi A, Yoshioka M, St-Amand J. Diet Impact on Obesity beyond Calories and Trefoil Factor Family 2 (TFF2) as an Illustration: Metabolic Implications and Potential Applications. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1830. [PMID: 34944474 PMCID: PMC8698828 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a health problem with increasing impacts on public health, economy and even social life. In order to reestablish the energy balance, obesity management focuses mainly on two pillars; exercise and diet. Beyond the contribution to the caloric intake, the diet nutrients and composition govern a variety of properties. This includes the energy balance-independent properties and the indirect metabolic effects. Whereas the energy balance-independent properties are close to "pharmacological" effects and include effects such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, the indirect metabolic effects represent the contribution a diet can have on energy metabolism beyond the caloric contribution itself, which include the food intake control and metabolic changes. As an illustration, we also described the metabolic implication and hypothetical pathways of the high-fat diet-induced gene Trefoil Factor Family 2. The properties the diet has can have a variety of applications mainly in pharmacology and nutrition and further explore the "pharmacologically" active food towards potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Mayumi Yoshioka
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jonny St-Amand
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
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Gryczyńska W, Litvinov N, Bitew B, Bartosz Z, Kośmider W, Bogdański P, Skrypnik D. Excess Body Mass-A Factor Leading to the Deterioration of COVID-19 and Its Complications-A Narrative Review. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122427. [PMID: 34960696 PMCID: PMC8708912 DOI: 10.3390/v13122427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the world is facing two serious pandemics: obesity and COVID-19. It is well-established that the prevalence of obesity has risen dramatically, causing a deterioration in the health quality of the population and increasing susceptibility for the unfavourable course of acute infections. It has been observed that excess body mass significantly influences the COVID-19 outcome. The aim of this review is to present the latest scientific reports on the impact of excess body mass on the course and complications of COVID-19. The Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were searched. Only studies reporting patients stated to be COVID-19 positive based on the results of a nasopharyngeal swab and the ribonucleic acid test were included. It is shown that thromboembolic and ischemic complications, namely stroke, disseminated intravascular coagulation, severe hyperglycaemia, and leukoencephalopathy are more likely to appear in COVID-19 positive patients with obesity compared to non-obese subjects. COVID-19 complications such as cardiomyopathy, dysrhythmias, endothelial dysfunction, acute kidney injury, dyslipidaemia, lung lesions and acute respiratory distress syndrome have a worse outcome among obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Gryczyńska
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (W.G.); (N.L.); (B.B.); (Z.B.); (W.K.)
| | - Nikita Litvinov
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (W.G.); (N.L.); (B.B.); (Z.B.); (W.K.)
| | - Bezawit Bitew
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (W.G.); (N.L.); (B.B.); (Z.B.); (W.K.)
- Ethiopian Medical Students’ Association, Zambia Street, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 9302, Ethiopia
| | - Zuzanna Bartosz
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (W.G.); (N.L.); (B.B.); (Z.B.); (W.K.)
| | - Weronika Kośmider
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (W.G.); (N.L.); (B.B.); (Z.B.); (W.K.)
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Damian Skrypnik
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Resident and migratory adipose immune cells control systemic metabolism and thermogenesis. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 19:421-431. [PMID: 34837070 PMCID: PMC8891307 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose is a vital source of energy for all mammals. The balance between glucose uptake, metabolism and storage determines the energy status of an individual, and perturbations in this balance can lead to metabolic diseases. The maintenance of organismal glucose metabolism is a complex process that involves multiple tissues, including adipose tissue, which is an endocrine and energy storage organ that is critical for the regulation of systemic metabolism. Adipose tissue consists of an array of different cell types, including specialized adipocytes and stromal and endothelial cells. In addition, adipose tissue harbors a wide range of immune cells that play vital roles in adipose tissue homeostasis and function. These cells contribute to the regulation of systemic metabolism by modulating the inflammatory tone of adipose tissue, which is directly linked to insulin sensitivity and signaling. Furthermore, these cells affect the control of thermogenesis. While lean adipose tissue is rich in type 2 and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10, obesity tips the balance in favor of a proinflammatory milieu, leading to the development of insulin resistance and the dysregulation of systemic metabolism. Notably, anti-inflammatory immune cells, including regulatory T cells and innate lymphocytes, protect against insulin resistance and have the characteristics of tissue-resident cells, while proinflammatory immune cells are recruited from the circulation to obese adipose tissue. Here, we review the key findings that have shaped our understanding of how immune cells regulate adipose tissue homeostasis to control organismal metabolism.
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Shinjyo N, Kita K. Infection and Immunometabolism in the Central Nervous System: A Possible Mechanistic Link Between Metabolic Imbalance and Dementia. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:765217. [PMID: 34795562 PMCID: PMC8592913 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.765217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndromes are frequently associated with dementia, suggesting that the dysregulation of energy metabolism can increase the risk of neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. In addition, growing evidence suggests the link between infections and brain disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. The immune system and energy metabolism are in an intricate relationship. Infection triggers immune responses, which are accompanied by imbalance in cellular and organismal energy metabolism, while metabolic disorders can lead to immune dysregulation and higher infection susceptibility. In the brain, the activities of brain-resident immune cells, including microglia, are associated with their metabolic signatures, which may be affected by central nervous system (CNS) infection. Conversely, metabolic dysregulation can compromise innate immunity in the brain, leading to enhanced CNS infection susceptibility. Thus, infection and metabolic imbalance can be intertwined to each other in the etiology of brain disorders, including dementia. Insulin and leptin play pivotal roles in the regulation of immunometabolism in the CNS and periphery, and dysfunction of these signaling pathways are associated with cognitive impairment. Meanwhile, infectious complications are often comorbid with diabetes and obesity, which are characterized by insulin resistance and leptin signaling deficiency. Examples include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and periodontal disease caused by an oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. This review explores potential interactions between infectious agents and insulin and leptin signaling pathways, and discuss possible mechanisms underlying the relationship between infection, metabolic dysregulation, and brain disorders, particularly focusing on the roles of insulin and leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Shinjyo
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Laboratory of Immune Homeostasis, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kita
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Host-Defense Biochemistry, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Assessing Predictive Factors of COVID-19 Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (Brazil). MEDICINA-LITHUANIA 2021; 57:medicina57101068. [PMID: 34684105 PMCID: PMC8540449 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57101068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to search individual, sociodemographic and environmental predictors of COVID-19 outcomes. Materials and Methods: A convenience sample of 1036 COVID-19 confirmed patients (3-99 years, mean 59 years; 482 females) who sought treatment at the emergency units of the public health system of Diadema (Brazil; March-October 2020) was included. Primary data were collected from medical records: sex, age, occupation/education, onset of symptoms, presence of chronic diseases/treatment and outcome (death and non-death). Secondary socioeconomic and environmental data were provided by the Department of Health. Results: The mean time spent between COVID-19 symptom onset and admission to the health system was 7.4 days. Principal component analysis summarized secondary sociodemographic data, and a Poisson regression model showed that the time between symptom onset and health system admission was higher for younger people and those from the least advantaged regions (availability of electricity, a sewage network, a water supply and garbage collection). A multiple logistic regression model showed an association of age (OR = 1.08; 1.05-1.1), diabetes (OR = 1.9; 1.1-3.4) and obesity (OR = 2.9; 1.1-7.6) with death outcome, while hypertension and sex showed no significant association. Conclusion: The identification of vulnerable groups may help the development of health strategies for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
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Salvadori A, Fanari P, Marzullo P, Codecasa F, Tovaglieri I, Cornacchia M, Terruzzi I, Ferrulli A, Palmulli P, Brunani A, Lanzi S, Luzi L. Playing around the anaerobic threshold during COVID-19 pandemic: advantages and disadvantages of adding bouts of anaerobic work to aerobic activity in physical treatment of individuals with obesity. Acta Diabetol 2021; 58:1329-1341. [PMID: 34047810 PMCID: PMC8159723 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-021-01747-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a condition that generally limits work capacity and predisposes to a number of comorbidities and related diseases, the last being COVID-19 and its complications and sequelae. Physical exercise, together with diet, is a milestone in its management and rehabilitation, although there is still a debate on intensity and duration of training. Anaerobic threshold (AT) is a broad term often used either as ventilatory threshold or as lactate threshold, respectively, detected by respiratory ventilation and/or respiratory gases (VCO2 and VO2), and by blood lactic acid. AIMS AND METHODOLOGY This review outlines the role of AT and of the different variations of growth hormone and catecholamine, in subjects with obesity vs normal weight individuals below and beyond AT, during a progressive increase in exercise training. We present a re-evaluation of the effects of physical activity on body mass and metabolism of individuals with obesity in light of potential benefits and pitfalls during COVID-19 pandemic. Comparison of a training program at moderate-intensity exercise (< AT) with training performed at moderate intensity (< AT) plus a final bout of high-intensity (> AT) exercise at the end of the aerobic session will be discussed. RESULTS Based on our data and considerations, a tailored strategy for individuals with obesity concerning the most appropriate intensity of training in the context of rehabilitation is proposed, with special regard to potential benefits of work program above AT. CONCLUSION Adding bouts of exercise above AT may improve lactic acid and H+ disposal and improve growth hormone. Long-term aerobic exercise may improve leptin reduction. In this way, the propensity of subjects with obesity to encounter a serious prognosis of COVID-19 may be counteracted and the systemic and cardiorespiratory sequelae that may ensue after COVID-19, can be overcome. Individuals with serious comorbidities associated with obesity should avoid excessive exercise intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Salvadori
- Department of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Verbania (VB), Italy
| | - Paolo Fanari
- Department of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Verbania (VB), Italy
| | - Paolo Marzullo
- Division of General Medicine, Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, via Cadorna 90, 28824, Piancavallo Di Oggebbio (VB), Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Franco Codecasa
- Department of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Verbania (VB), Italy
| | - Ilaria Tovaglieri
- Department of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Verbania (VB), Italy
| | - Mauro Cornacchia
- Department of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Verbania (VB), Italy
| | - Ileana Terruzzi
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Via Milanese 300, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Ferrulli
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Via Milanese 300, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Palmulli
- Department of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Verbania (VB), Italy
| | - Amelia Brunani
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Verbania (VB), Italy
| | - Stefano Lanzi
- Division of Angiology, Heart and Vessel Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Via Milanese 300, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Gierhardt M, Pak O, Walmrath D, Seeger W, Grimminger F, Ghofrani HA, Weissmann N, Hecker M, Sommer N. Impairment of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Eur Respir Rev 2021; 30:30/161/210059. [PMID: 34526314 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0059-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious complication of severe systemic or local pulmonary inflammation, such as caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. ARDS is characterised by diffuse alveolar damage that leads to protein-rich pulmonary oedema, local alveolar hypoventilation and atelectasis. Inadequate perfusion of these areas is the main cause of hypoxaemia in ARDS. High perfusion in relation to ventilation (V/Q<1) and shunting (V/Q=0) is not only caused by impaired hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction but also redistribution of perfusion from obstructed lung vessels. Rebalancing the pulmonary vascular tone is a therapeutic challenge. Previous clinical trials on inhaled vasodilators (nitric oxide and prostacyclin) to enhance perfusion to high V/Q areas showed beneficial effects on hypoxaemia but not on mortality. However, specific patient populations with pulmonary hypertension may profit from treatment with inhaled vasodilators. Novel treatment targets to decrease perfusion in low V/Q areas include epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and specific leukotriene receptors. Still, lung protective ventilation and prone positioning are the best available standard of care. This review focuses on disturbed perfusion in ARDS and aims to provide basic scientists and clinicians with an overview of the vascular alterations and mechanisms of V/Q mismatch, current therapeutic strategies, and experimental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Gierhardt
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany.,Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) - CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI) Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Oleg Pak
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany
| | - Dieter Walmrath
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany.,Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) - CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Giessen, Germany
| | - Friedrich Grimminger
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany
| | - Hossein A Ghofrani
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany.,Dept of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany
| | - Matthias Hecker
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Natascha Sommer
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany.,Both authors contributed equally
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Moura AD, da Costa HHM, Correa VA, de S Lima AK, Lindoso JAL, De Gaspari E, Hong MA, Cunha-Junior JP, Prudencio CR. Assessment of avidity related to IgG subclasses in SARS-CoV-2 Brazilian infected patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17642. [PMID: 34480056 PMCID: PMC8417219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is considered a global emergency, resulting in an exacerbated crisis in the health public in the world. Although there are advances in vaccine development, it is still limited for many countries. On the other hand, an immunological response that mediates protective immunity or indicates that predict disease outcome in SARS-CoV-2 infection remains undefined. This work aimed to assess the antibody levels, avidity, and subclasses of IgG to RBD protein, in symptomatic patients with severe and mild forms of COVID-19 in Brazil using an adapted in-house RBD-IgG ELISA. The RBD IgG-ELISA showed 100% of specificity and 94.3% of sensibility on detecting antibodies in the sera of hospitalized patients. Patients who presented severe COVID-19 had higher anti-RBD IgG levels compared to patients with mild disease. Additionally, most patients analyzed displayed low antibody avidity, with 64.4% of the samples of patients who recovered from the disease and 84.6% of those who died in this avidity range. Our data also reveals an increase of IgG1 and IgG3 levels since the 8th day after symptoms onset, while IgG4 levels maintained less detectable during the study period. Surprisingly, patients who died during 8-14 and 15-21 days also showed higher anti-RBD IgG4 levels in comparison with the recovered (P < 0.05), suggesting that some life-threatening patients can elicit IgG4 to RBD antibody response in the first weeks of symptoms onset. Our findings constitute the effort to clarify IgG antibodies' kinetics, avidity, and subclasses against SARS-CoV-2 RBD in symptomatic patients with COVID-19 in Brazil, highlighting the importance of IgG antibody avidity in association with IgG4 detection as tool laboratory in the follow-up of hospitalized patients with more significant potential for life-threatening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Moura
- Center of Immunology, Institute Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Victor A Correa
- Center of Immunology, Institute Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José A L Lindoso
- Institute of Infectology Emilio Ribas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marisa A Hong
- Center of Immunology, Institute Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jair P Cunha-Junior
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry and Immunotechnology, Department of Immunology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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39
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A lipidomic view of SARS-CoV-2. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:229396. [PMID: 34313294 PMCID: PMC8350433 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20210953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The global pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which started in late 2019, has caused huge social and economic losses. A growing number of investigators are focusing on understanding the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with host cellular processes to find therapeutic approaches. New data suggest that lipid metabolism may play a significant role in regulating the response of immune cells like macrophages to viral infection, thereby affecting the outcome of the disease. Therefore, understanding the role of lipid metabolism could help develop new therapeutic approaches to mitigate the social and economic cost of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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40
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Daoust L, Pilon G, Marette A. Perspective: Nutritional Strategies Targeting the Gut Microbiome to Mitigate COVID-19 Outcomes. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1074-1086. [PMID: 33783468 PMCID: PMC8083677 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
More than a year has passed since the first reported case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection in the city of Wuhan in China's Hubei Province. Until now, few antiviral medications (e.g., remdesivir) or drugs that target inflammatory complications associated with SARS-CoV2 infection have been considered safe by public health authorities. By the end of November 2020, this crisis had led to >1 million deaths and revealed the high susceptibility of people with pre-existing comorbidities (e.g., obesity, diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension) to suffer from a severe form of the disease. Elderly people have also been found to be highly susceptible to SARS-CoV2 infection and morbidity. Gastrointestinal manifestations and gut microbial alterations observed in SARS-CoV2-infected hospitalized patients have raised awareness of the potential role of intestinal mechanisms in increasing the severity of the disease. It is therefore critically important to find alternative or complementary approaches, not only to prevent or treat the disease, but also to reduce its growing societal and economic burden. In this review, we explore potential nutritional strategies that implicate the use of polyphenols, probiotics, vitamin D, and ω-3 fatty acids with a focus on the gut microbiome, and that could lead to concrete recommendations that are easily applicable to both vulnerable people with pre-existing metabolic comorbidities and the elderly, but also to the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Daoust
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Pilon
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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41
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Kang IS, Kong KA. Body mass index and severity/fatality from coronavirus disease 2019: A nationwide epidemiological study in Korea. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253640. [PMID: 34157043 PMCID: PMC8219144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity has been reported as a risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in recent studies. However, the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and COVID-19 severity and fatality are unclear. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study included 4,141 COVID-19 patients who were released from isolation or had died as of April 30, 2020. This nationwide data was provided by the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Agency. BMI was categorized as follows; < 18.5 kg/m2, 18.5-22.9 kg/m2, 23.0-24.9 kg/m2, 25.0-29.9 kg/m2, and ≥ 30 kg/m2. We defined a fatal illness if the patient had died. RESULTS Among participants, those with a BMI of 18.5-22.9 kg/m2 were the most common (42.0%), followed by 25.0-29.9 kg/m2 (24.4%), 23.0-24.9 kg/m2 (24.3%), ≥ 30 kg/m2 (4.7%), and < 18.5 kg/m2 (4.6%). In addition, 1,654 (41.2%) were men and 3.04% were fatalities. Multivariable analysis showed that age, male sex, BMI < 18.5 kg/m2, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, cancer, and dementia were independent risk factors for fatal illness. In particular, BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 (odds ratio [OR] 3.97, 95% CI 1.77-8.92), 25.0-29.9 kg/m2 (2.43, 1.32-4.47), and ≥ 30 kg/m2 (4.32, 1.37-13.61) were found to have higher ORs than the BMI of 23.0-24.9 kg/m2 (reference). There was no significant difference between those with a BMI of 18.5-22.9 kg/m2 (1.59, 0.88-2.89) and 23.0-24.9 kg/m2. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated a non-linear (U-shaped) relationship between BMI and fatal illness. Subjects with a BMI of < 18.5 kg/m2 and those with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 had a high risk of fatal illness. Maintaining a healthy weight is important not only to prevent chronic cardiometabolic diseases, but also to improve the outcome of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Sook Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ae Kong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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42
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Maurya R, Sebastian P, Namdeo M, Devender M, Gertler A. COVID-19 Severity in Obesity: Leptin and Inflammatory Cytokine Interplay in the Link Between High Morbidity and Mortality. Front Immunol 2021; 12:649359. [PMID: 34220807 PMCID: PMC8250137 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.649359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the foremost risk factors in coronavirus infection resulting in severe illness and mortality as the pandemic progresses. Obesity is a well-known predisposed chronic inflammatory condition. The dynamics of obesity and its impacts on immunity may change the disease severity of pneumonia, especially in acute respiratory distress syndrome, a primary cause of death from SARS-CoV-2 infection. The adipocytes of adipose tissue secret leptin in proportion to individuals’ body fat mass. An increase in circulating plasma leptin is a typical characteristic of obesity and correlates with a leptin-resistant state. Leptin is considered a pleiotropic molecule regulating appetite and immunity. In immunity, leptin functions as a cytokine and coordinates the host’s innate and adaptive responses by promoting the Th1 type of immune response. Leptin induced the proliferation and functions of antigen-presenting cells, monocytes, and T helper cells, subsequently influencing the pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by these cells, such as TNF-α, IL-2, or IL-6. Leptin scarcity or resistance is linked with dysregulation of cytokine secretion leading to autoimmune disorders, inflammatory responses, and increased susceptibility towards infectious diseases. Therefore, leptin activity by leptin long-lasting super active antagonist’s dysregulation in patients with obesity might contribute to high mortality rates in these patients during SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review systematically discusses the interplay mechanism between leptin and inflammatory cytokines and their contribution to the fatal outcomes in COVID-19 patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radheshyam Maurya
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Prince Sebastian
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Madhulika Namdeo
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Moodu Devender
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Arieh Gertler
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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43
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Fink S, Ruoff F, Stahl A, Becker M, Kaiser P, Traenkle B, Junker D, Weise F, Ruetalo N, Hörber S, Peter A, Nelde A, Walz J, Krause G, Baillot A, Schenke-Layland K, Joos TO, Rothbauer U, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Schindler M, Templin MF. Multiplexed Serum Antibody Screening Platform Using Virus Extracts from Endemic Coronaviridae and SARS-CoV-2. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1596-1606. [PMID: 33724771 PMCID: PMC8101008 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The presence of antibodies against endemic coronaviruses has been linked to disease severity after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Assays capable of concomitantly detecting antibodies against endemic coronaviridae such as OC43, 229E, NL63, and SARS-CoV-2 may help to elucidate this question. We developed a serum screening platform using a bead-based Western blot system called DigiWest, capable of running hundreds of assays using microgram amounts of protein prepared directly from different viruses. Characterization of the immunoassay for detection of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies revealed a sensitivity of 90.3% and a diagnostic specificity of 98.1%. Concordance analysis with the SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays available by Roche, Siemens, and Euroimmun indicates comparable assay performances (Cohen's κ ranging from 0.8874 to 0.9508). Analogous assays for OC43, 229E, and NL63 were established and combined into one multiplex with the SARS-CoV-2 assay. Seroreactivity for different coronaviruses was detected with high incidence, and the multiplex assay was adapted for serum screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Fink
- NMI Natural and Medical
Sciences Institute at the University of
Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen,
Germany
| | - Felix Ruoff
- NMI Natural and Medical
Sciences Institute at the University of
Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen,
Germany
| | - Aaron Stahl
- NMI Natural and Medical
Sciences Institute at the University of
Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen,
Germany
| | - Matthias Becker
- NMI Natural and Medical
Sciences Institute at the University of
Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen,
Germany
| | - Philipp Kaiser
- NMI Natural and Medical
Sciences Institute at the University of
Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen,
Germany
| | - Bjoern Traenkle
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology,
Eberhard-Karls-University, 72076
Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Junker
- NMI Natural and Medical
Sciences Institute at the University of
Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen,
Germany
| | - Frank Weise
- NMI Natural and Medical
Sciences Institute at the University of
Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen,
Germany
| | - Natalia Ruetalo
- Institute for Medical Virology and
Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital
Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen,
Germany
| | - Sebastian Hörber
- Central Laboratory, Institute for
Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University
Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076,
Germany
- Institute for Diabetes
Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich
at the University of Tübingen, 72076
Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes
Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg 85764,
Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Central Laboratory, Institute for
Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University
Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076,
Germany
- Institute for Diabetes
Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich
at the University of Tübingen, 72076
Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes
Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg 85764,
Germany
| | - Annika Nelde
- Clinical Collaboration Unit
Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department
of Internal Medicine, University Hospital
Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen,
Germany
- Department of Immunology, Institute
for Cell Biology, University of
Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen,
Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180)
“Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor
Therapies”, University of
Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen,
Germany
| | - Juliane Walz
- Clinical Collaboration Unit
Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department
of Internal Medicine, University Hospital
Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen,
Germany
- Department of Immunology, Institute
for Cell Biology, University of
Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen,
Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180)
“Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor
Therapies”, University of
Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen,
Germany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology,
Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital
Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen,
Germany
| | - Gérard Krause
- Department of Epidemiology,
Helmholtz Centre for Infection
Research, 38124 Braunschweig,
Germany
- TWINCORE GmbH, Centre
for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint
venture of the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre
for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover,
Germany
| | - Armin Baillot
- Department of Virology/Serology,
Niedersächsisches
Landesgesundheitsamt, 30449 Hannover,
Germany
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- NMI Natural and Medical
Sciences Institute at the University of
Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen,
Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180)
“Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor
Therapies”, University of
Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen,
Germany
- Department of Women’s Health,
Research Institute for Women’s Health,
Eberhard-Karls-University, 72076
Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology,
Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School
of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
90095, United States
| | - Thomas O. Joos
- NMI Natural and Medical
Sciences Institute at the University of
Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen,
Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- NMI Natural and Medical
Sciences Institute at the University of
Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen,
Germany
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology,
Eberhard-Karls-University, 72076
Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Michael Schindler
- Institute for Medical Virology and
Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital
Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen,
Germany
| | - Markus F. Templin
- NMI Natural and Medical
Sciences Institute at the University of
Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen,
Germany
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Ramos-Campo DJ, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Dalamitros AA, Nikolaidis PA, Hormeño-Holgado A, Tornero-Aguilera JF. Nutrition in the Actual COVID-19 Pandemic. A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:1924. [PMID: 34205138 PMCID: PMC8228835 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has shocked world health authorities generating a global health crisis. The present study discusses the main finding in nutrition sciences associated with COVID-19 in the literature. We conducted a consensus critical review using primary sources, scientific articles, and secondary bibliographic indexes, databases, and web pages. The method was a narrative literature review of the available literature regarding nutrition interventions and nutrition-related factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main search engines used in the present research were PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar. We found how the COVID-19 lockdown promoted unhealthy dietary changes and increases in body weight of the population, showing obesity and low physical activity levels as increased risk factors of COVID-19 affection and physiopathology. In addition, hospitalized COVID-19 patients presented malnutrition and deficiencies in vitamin C, D, B12 selenium, iron, omega-3, and medium and long-chain fatty acids highlighting the potential health effect of vitamin C and D interventions. Further investigations are needed to show the complete role and implications of nutrition both in the prevention and in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
- Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, 080002 Barranquilla, Colombia
- Studies Centre in Applied Combat (CESCA), 45007 Toledo, Spain;
| | | | - Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain;
| | - Athanasios A. Dalamitros
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | | | | | - Jose Francisco Tornero-Aguilera
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
- Studies Centre in Applied Combat (CESCA), 45007 Toledo, Spain;
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45
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Couselo-Seijas M, Almengló C, M Agra-Bermejo R, Luis Fernandez Á, Alvarez E, R González-Juanatey J, Eiras S. Higher ACE2 expression levels in epicardial cells than subcutaneous stromal cells from patients with cardiovascular disease: Diabetes and obesity as possible enhancer. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13463. [PMID: 33251580 PMCID: PMC7744875 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease are associated with COVID-19 risk and severity. Because epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) expresses ACE2, we wanted to identify the main factors associated with ACE2 levels and its cleavage enzyme, ADAM17, in epicardial fat. MATERIALS AND METHODS Epicardial and subcutaneous fat biopsies were obtained from 43 patients who underwent open-heart surgery. From 36 patients, biopsies were used for RNA expression analysis by real-time PCR of ACE1, ACE2 and ADAM17. From 8 patients, stromal vascular cells were submitted to adipogenesis or used for studying the treatment effects on gene expression levels. Soluble ACE2 was determined in supernatants by ELISA. RESULTS Epicardial fat biopsies expressed higher levels of ACE2 (1.53 [1.49-1.61] vs 1.51 [1.47-1.56] a.u., P < .05) and lower ADAM17 than subcutaneous fat (1.67 [1.65-1.70] vs 1.70 [1.66-1.74] a.u., P < .001). Both genes were increased in epicardial fat from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (1.62 [1.50-2.28] vs 1.52 [1.49-1.55] a.u., P = .05 for ACE2 and 1.68 [1.66-1.78] vs 1.66 [1.63-1.69] a.u., P < .05 for ADAM17). Logistic regression analysis determined that T2DM was the main associated factor with epicardial ACE2 levels (P < .01). The highest ACE2 levels were found on patients with diabetes and obesity. ACE1 and ACE2 levels were not upregulated by antidiabetic treatment (metformin, insulin or thiazolidinedione). Its cellular levels, which were higher in epicardial than in subcutaneous stromal cells (1.61 [1.55-1.63] vs 1 [1-1.34]), were not correlated with the soluble ACE2. CONCLUSION Epicardial fat cells expressed higher levels of ACE2 in comparison with subcutaneous fat cells, which is enhanced by diabetes and obesity presence in patients with cardiovascular disease. Both might be risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinela Couselo-Seijas
- Translational Cardiology Group, Health Research Institute, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristina Almengló
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Cardiology Group, Health Research Institute, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosa M Agra-Bermejo
- Cardiology Group, Health Research Institute, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Cardiovascular Department, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Luis Fernandez
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain.,Heart Surgery Department, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ezequiel Alvarez
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Cardiology Group, Health Research Institute, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose R González-Juanatey
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Cardiology Group, Health Research Institute, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Cardiovascular Department, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Eiras
- Translational Cardiology Group, Health Research Institute, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
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46
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Caussy C. Obésité et infection par la COVID-19 : une liaison dangereuse. MÉDECINE DES MALADIES MÉTABOLIQUES 2021. [PMCID: PMC7881725 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmm.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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47
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Tucholska K, Gulla B, Grabowska A, Major P. Time perspective, future anxiety, and hope for success in individuals awaiting bariatric surgery. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY REPORT 2021; 10:111-121. [PMID: 38084328 PMCID: PMC10681836 DOI: 10.5114/hpr.2021.105259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The paper focuses on the problems of temporal functioning of obese individuals and of individuals prepared for bariatric treatment. The experience of time heavily weighs on many areas of human functioning, everyday activity, planning and achieving goals, engaging in pro-health behaviours, and in consequence on the quality of life and on physical health. Contingent on numerous factors, obesity may be related to focusing on particular aspects of time perspective. The aim of the study was to determine the specificity of particular temporal dispositions in individuals prepared for bariatric surgery, and thus to devise suitable post-op psychological interventions. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE The study sample comprised 28 individuals (60.7% women, mean age M = 43.82 years, SD = 10.01, mean BMI M = 44.83 kg/m2, SD = 6.51) awaiting bariatric surgery. The data were collected individually with the following pen-and-paper questionnaires: the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, the Dark Future Scale, and the Polish adaptation of Snyder's Adult Hope Scale, which is named the Hope for Success Questionnaire. RESULTS The results showed the prevalence of present hedonistic time perspective in the obese. With regard to future anxiety or the hope for success, no significant deviations from the general population were observed. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that this group is in need of temporal psychotherapy aimed at balancing the time perspective. The results may also be interpreted through the lens of contextual determinants connected with task orientation preceding the surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Tucholska
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bożena Gulla
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Grabowska
- 2 Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Major
- 2 Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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48
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Bugert CL, Kwiat V, Valera IC, Bugert JJ, Parvatiyar MS. Cardiovascular Injury Due to SARS-CoV-2. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 8:167-177. [PMID: 33717830 PMCID: PMC7934983 DOI: 10.1007/s40588-021-00160-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The world is currently facing the largest global health crisis since the early 1900s due to a novel coronavirus. While SARS-CoV-2 infection causes predictable symptoms in COVID-19 patients, including upper respiratory distress and fever, the heterogeneity of manifestations is surprising. This review focuses on direct and indirect causes of myocardial injury in COVID-19 patients and highlights current knowledge, treatment strategies, and outstanding questions in the field. Recent Findings Data are emerging that highlight the extent of cardiovascular involvement in COVID-19 patients, including evidence that SARS-CoV-2 causes myocarditis and increases cardiac risk. The incidence of cardiac injury is much greater in patients with severe disease presentation and those in intensive care. Summary During the past year, COVID-19 patient mortality rates have improved due to tailored pharmacological treatments and patient management strategies that address the unique presentation of symptoms, which will hopefully also reduce the incidence of cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L. Bugert
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, South West UK
| | - Victoria Kwiat
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL USA
| | - Isela C. Valera
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL USA
| | | | - Michelle S. Parvatiyar
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL USA
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49
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Kellogg C, Equils O. The role of the thymus in COVID-19 disease severity: implications for antibody treatment and immunization. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:638-643. [PMID: 33064620 PMCID: PMC7993178 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1818519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The thymus is a largely neglected organ but plays a significant role in the regulation of adaptive immune responses. The effect of aging on the thymus and immune senescence is well established, and the resulting inflammaging is found to be implicated in the development of many chronic diseases including atherosclerosis, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Both aging and diseases of inflammaging are associated with severe COVID-19 disease, and a dysfunctional thymus may be a predisposing factor. In addition, insults on the thymus during childhood may lead to abnormal thymic function and may explain severe COVID-19 disease among younger individuals; therefore, measurement of thymic function may assist COVID-19 care. Those with poor thymic function may be treated prophylactically with convalescent serum or recombinant antibodies, and they may respond better to high-dose or adjuvanted COVID-19 vaccines. Treatments inducing thymic regeneration may improve patients' overall health and may be incorporated in COVID-19 management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn Kellogg
- University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
- Public Health Education , MiOra Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ozlem Equils
- Public Health Education , MiOra Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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50
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Caffo O, Ralston PA, Lemacks JL, Young-Clark I, Wickrama KKAS, Ilich JZ. Sex and Body Circumferences Associated with Serum Leptin in African American Adults. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2021; 30:1769-1777. [PMID: 33661054 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2020.8820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be a leading cause of death for U.S. adults, especially African Americans (AA). Yet, few studies have examined a comprehensive set of metabolic health and health behavior factors related to CVD risk in this population. This study investigated the relationship between serum leptin and anthropometries (body mass index [BMI], circumferences [waist-WC, hip-HC, and waist/hip ratio W/H]), metabolic health (systolic and diastolic blood pressure [BP], serum lipids, glucose, and C-reactive protein [CRP]), and health behaviors (hours of sleep, physical activity) in midlife and older AAs. Materials and Methods: Participants (n = 89, ≥45 years of age) were AAs in six churches in North Florida enrolled in a broader church-based longitudinal study. Anthropometric measurements, serum analyses, and self-reported items. Results: Serum leptin was positively correlated with gender (being female) (r = 0.623, p < 0.001), BMI log transformed (r = 0.469, p < 0.001), WC (r = 0.440, p < 0.001), HC (r = 0.658, p < 0.001), use of BP medication (r = 0.216, p < 0.05), and serum CRP (r = 0.277, p < 0.01). Correlations by sex showed significant relationships for both men and women between leptin and BMI log transformed, WC, and HC. The final multiple regression model [R2 = 0.758, F(4, 66) = 55.871, p < 0.001] showed that 75.8% of the variance in leptin was explained by being female (β = 0.65, p < 0.001), WC (β = 0.26, p < 0.02), and HC (β = 0.28, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Findings more specifically delineate the variables associated with serum leptin in AAs, particularly WC and HC, and suggest greater attention to possible risk for leptin resistance in AA females. Clinical Trial Registration: This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT03339050.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olenka Caffo
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Penny A Ralston
- Center on Better Health and Life for Underserved Populations, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Jennifer L Lemacks
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA
| | - Iris Young-Clark
- Center on Better Health and Life for Underserved Populations, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | | | - Jasminka Z Ilich
- Institute for Successful Longevity, Consulting Faculty, Center on Better Health and Life for Underserved Populations, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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