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Yuya W, Yuansong Y, Susu L, Chen L, Yong W, Yining W, YouChun W, Changfa F. Progress and challenges in development of animal models for dengue virus infection. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2404159. [PMID: 39312399 PMCID: PMC11423536 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2404159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe severity of the dengue epidemic is on the rise, with its geographic range had expanded to southern Europe by 2024. In this August, the WHO updated the pathogens that could spark the next pandemic, dengue virus was on the list. Vaccines and drugs serve as powerful tools for both preventing dengue infections and treating patients. Animal models play a pivotal role in vaccine development and drug screening. Available potential susceptible animals, including non-human primates, rodents, pigs, and tree shrews, have been extensively explored to establish animal models of dengue disease. Despite significant advancements, there are still notable limitations. Different animal models exhibit distinct constraining factors such as viraemia, host susceptibility, immune function of the host, clinical symptoms, ADE (antibody-dependent enhancement) phenomena, cytokine storm response to various serotypes and strain variations. Furthermore, despite extensive research on the dengue virus receptor in recent years, genetically modified animal models immunocompetent harbouring dengue virus susceptibility receptors have not yet been available. This work reviewed the research progress of dengue virus receptors and dengue animal models, suggesting that the development of genetically modified murine models expressing dengue virus functional receptors may hold a promise for future dengue disease research, especially for its vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yuya
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Yuansong
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liu Susu
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Chen
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Science school, Northwest University, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wu Yong
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wang Yining
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wang YouChun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Changfa
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Wang S, Li W, Wang Z, Yang W, Li E, Xia X, Yan F, Chiu S. Emerging and reemerging infectious diseases: global trends and new strategies for their prevention and control. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:223. [PMID: 39256346 PMCID: PMC11412324 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01917-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To adequately prepare for potential hazards caused by emerging and reemerging infectious diseases, the WHO has issued a list of high-priority pathogens that are likely to cause future outbreaks and for which research and development (R&D) efforts are dedicated, known as paramount R&D blueprints. Within R&D efforts, the goal is to obtain effective prophylactic and therapeutic approaches, which depends on a comprehensive knowledge of the etiology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of these diseases. In this process, the accessibility of animal models is a priority bottleneck because it plays a key role in bridging the gap between in-depth understanding and control efforts for infectious diseases. Here, we reviewed preclinical animal models for high priority disease in terms of their ability to simulate human infections, including both natural susceptibility models, artificially engineered models, and surrogate models. In addition, we have thoroughly reviewed the current landscape of vaccines, antibodies, and small molecule drugs, particularly hopeful candidates in the advanced stages of these infectious diseases. More importantly, focusing on global trends and novel technologies, several aspects of the prevention and control of infectious disease were discussed in detail, including but not limited to gaps in currently available animal models and medical responses, better immune correlates of protection established in animal models and humans, further understanding of disease mechanisms, and the role of artificial intelligence in guiding or supplementing the development of animal models, vaccines, and drugs. Overall, this review described pioneering approaches and sophisticated techniques involved in the study of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention, and clinical theatment of WHO high-priority pathogens and proposed potential directions. Technological advances in these aspects would consolidate the line of defense, thus ensuring a timely response to WHO high priority pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Wujian Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130000, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhenshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130000, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wanying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Entao Li
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Anhui Province for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Feihu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130000, China.
| | - Sandra Chiu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anhui Province for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Park U, Lee JH, Kim U, Jeon K, Kim Y, Kim H, Kang JI, Park MY, Park SH, Cha JS, Yoon GY, Jeong DE, Kim T, Oh S, Yoon SH, Jin L, Ahn Y, Lim MY, Han SR, Kim HY, Kim MH, Zhang YH, Kang JG, Lee MS, Jeon YK, Cho HS, Lee HW, Cho NH. A humanized ACE2 mouse model recapitulating age- and sex-dependent immunopathogenesis of COVID-19. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29915. [PMID: 39279412 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
In the ongoing battle against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), understanding its pathogenesis and developing effective treatments remain critical challenges. The creation of animal models that closely replicate human infection stands as a critical step forward in this research. Here, we present a genetically engineered mouse model with specifically-humanized knock-in ACE2 (hiACE2) receptors. This model, featuring nine specific amino acid substitutions for enhanced interaction with the viral spike protein, enables efficient severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 replication in respiratory organs without detectable infection in the central nervous system. Moreover, it mirrors the age- and sex-specific patterns of morbidity and mortality, as well as the immunopathological features observed in human COVID-19 cases. Our findings further demonstrate that the depletion of eosinophils significantly reduces morbidity and mortality, depending on the infecting viral dose and the sex of the host. This reduction is potentially achieved by decreasing the pathogenic contribution of eosinophil-mediated inflammation, which is strongly correlated with neutrophil activity in human patients. This underscores the model's utility in studying the immunopathological aspects of COVID-19 and represents a significant advancement in COVID-19 modeling. It offers a valuable tool for testing vaccines and therapeutics, enhancing our understanding of the disease mechanisms and potentially guiding more targeted and effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uni Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- GEMCRO Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Uijin Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyeongseok Jeon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeran Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju-Il Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | - Jeong Seok Cha
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ga-Yeon Yoon
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Da-Eun Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Taehun Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Songhyeok Oh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Ho Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Liyuan Jin
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoojin Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Yeong Lim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Ro Han
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myoung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Yin Hua Zhang
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Myung-Shin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Cho
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Woong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- GEMCRO Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Friedrich VD, Pennitz P, Wyler E, Adler JM, Postmus D, Müller K, Teixeira Alves LG, Prigann J, Pott F, Vladimirova D, Hoefler T, Goekeri C, Landthaler M, Goffinet C, Saliba AE, Scholz M, Witzenrath M, Trimpert J, Kirsten H, Nouailles G. Neural network-assisted humanisation of COVID-19 hamster transcriptomic data reveals matching severity states in human disease. EBioMedicine 2024:105312. [PMID: 39317638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Translating findings from animal models to human disease is essential for dissecting disease mechanisms, developing and testing precise therapeutic strategies. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted this need, particularly for models showing disease severity-dependent immune responses. METHODS Single-cell transcriptomics (scRNAseq) is well poised to reveal similarities and differences between species at the molecular and cellular level with unprecedented resolution. However, computational methods enabling detailed matching are still scarce. Here, we provide a structured scRNAseq-based approach that we applied to scRNAseq from blood leukocytes originating from humans and hamsters affected with moderate or severe COVID-19. FINDINGS Integration of data from patients with COVID-19 with two hamster models that develop moderate (Syrian hamster, Mesocricetus auratus) or severe (Roborovski hamster, Phodopus roborovskii) disease revealed that most cellular states are shared across species. A neural network-based analysis using variational autoencoders quantified the overall transcriptomic similarity across species and severity levels, showing highest similarity between neutrophils of Roborovski hamsters and patients with severe COVID-19, while Syrian hamsters better matched patients with moderate disease, particularly in classical monocytes. We further used transcriptome-wide differential expression analysis to identify which disease stages and cell types display strongest transcriptional changes. INTERPRETATION Consistently, hamsters' response to COVID-19 was most similar to humans in monocytes and neutrophils. Disease-linked pathways found in all species specifically related to interferon response or inhibition of viral replication. Analysis of candidate genes and signatures supported the results. Our structured neural network-supported workflow could be applied to other diseases, allowing better identification of suitable animal models with similar pathomechanisms across species. FUNDING This work was supported by German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, (BMBF) grant IDs: 01ZX1304B, 01ZX1604B, 01ZX1906A, 01ZX1906B, 01KI2124, 01IS18026B and German Research Foundation (DFG) grant IDs: 14933180, 431232613.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent D Friedrich
- University of Leipzig, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology, Leipzig, Germany; Center for Scalable Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (ScaDS.AI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Pennitz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emanuel Wyler
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia M Adler
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Virologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dylan Postmus
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Kristina Müller
- University of Leipzig, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luiz Gustavo Teixeira Alves
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Prigann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, USA
| | - Fabian Pott
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Hoefler
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Virologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cengiz Goekeri
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Berlin, Germany; Cyprus International University, Faculty of Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Markus Landthaler
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Berlin, Germany; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut fuer Biologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Goffinet
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Scholz
- University of Leipzig, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology, Leipzig, Germany; University of Leipzig, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Trimpert
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Virologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Kirsten
- University of Leipzig, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Geraldine Nouailles
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Berlin, Germany.
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5
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Compeer B, Neijzen TR, van Lelyveld SFL, Martina BEE, Russell CA, Goeijenbier M. Uncovering the Contrasts and Connections in PASC: Viral Load and Cytokine Signatures in Acute COVID-19 versus Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC). Biomedicines 2024; 12:1941. [PMID: 39335455 PMCID: PMC11428903 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12091941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent global COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound and enduring impact, resulting in substantial loss of life. The scientific community has responded unprecedentedly by investigating various aspects of the crisis, particularly focusing on the acute phase of COVID-19. The roles of the viral load, cytokines, and chemokines during the acute phase and in the context of patients who experienced enduring symptoms upon infection, so called Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 or PASC, have been studied extensively. Here, in this review, we offer a virologist's perspective on PASC, highlighting the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 viral loads, cytokines, and chemokines in different organs of patients across the full clinical spectrum of acute-phase disease. We underline that the probability of severe or critical disease progression correlates with increased viral load levels detected in the upper respiratory tract (URT), lower respiratory tract (LRT), and plasma. Acute-phase viremia is a clear, although not unambiguous, predictor of PASC development. Moreover, both the quantity and diversity of functions of cytokines and chemokines increase with acute-phase disease severity. Specific cytokines remain or become elevated in the PASC phase, although the driving factor of ongoing inflammation found in patients with PASC remains to be investigated. The key findings highlighted in this review contribute to a further understanding of PASC and their differences and overlap with acute disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Compeer
- Artemis Bioservices B.V., 2629 JD Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Amsterdam (UMC, Amsterdam), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias R Neijzen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, 2035 RC Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Colin A Russell
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Amsterdam (UMC, Amsterdam), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Goeijenbier
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Amsterdam (UMC, Amsterdam), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Kar M, Johnson KEE, Vanderheiden A, Elrod EJ, Floyd K, Geerling E, Stone ET, Salinas E, Banakis S, Wang W, Sathish S, Shrihari S, Davis-Gardner ME, Kohlmeier J, Pinto A, Klein R, Grakoui A, Ghedin E, Suthar MS. CD4 + and CD8 + T cells are required to prevent SARS-CoV-2 persistence in the nasal compartment. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadp2636. [PMID: 39178263 PMCID: PMC11343035 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adp2636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection induces the generation of virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ effector and memory T cells. However, the contribution of T cells in controlling SARS-CoV-2 during infection is not well understood. Following infection of C57BL/6 mice, SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are recruited to the respiratory tract, and a vast proportion secrete the cytotoxic molecule granzyme B. Using depleting antibodies, we found that T cells within the lungs play a minimal role in viral control, and viral clearance occurs in the absence of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells through 28 days postinfection. In the nasal compartment, depletion of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, but not individually, results in persistent, culturable virus replicating in the nasal epithelial layer through 28 days postinfection. Viral sequencing analysis revealed adapted mutations across the SARS-CoV-2 genome, including a large deletion in ORF6. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of T cells in controlling virus replication within the respiratory tract during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Kar
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katherine E. E. Johnson
- Systems Genomics Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, DIR, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abigail Vanderheiden
- Center for Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elizabeth J. Elrod
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katharine Floyd
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Geerling
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - E. Taylor Stone
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eduardo Salinas
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stephanie Banakis
- Systems Genomics Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, DIR, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Systems Genomics Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, DIR, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shruti Sathish
- Systems Genomics Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, DIR, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Swathi Shrihari
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Meredith E. Davis-Gardner
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jacob Kohlmeier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amelia Pinto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robyn Klein
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western Institute of Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arash Grakoui
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elodie Ghedin
- Systems Genomics Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, DIR, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mehul S. Suthar
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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7
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Kenney D, O’Connell AK, Tseng AE, Turcinovic J, Sheehan ML, Nitido AD, Montanaro P, Gertje HP, Ericsson M, Connor JH, Vrbanac V, Crossland NA, Harly C, Balazs AB, Douam F. A Novel Human Extravascular Monocyte Subset with Antiviral Functions Is Crucial for Resolving Lung Tissue Infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.08.583965. [PMID: 38496468 PMCID: PMC10942442 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.08.583965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The recurring emergence of novel respiratory viruses has highlighted our poor understanding of the human immune mechanisms governing the resolution of lung infection in an immunologically naïve context. Using SARS-CoV-2 as a prototypical emerging respiratory virus, we leveraged mice co-engrafted with a genetically matched fetal lung xenograft (fLX) and a human immune system (BLT-L mice) to investigate such mechanisms. While BLT-L mice effectively resolve SARS-CoV-2 infection following acute viral replication in fLX, viral clearance is robustly abrogated through systemic depletion of CD4+, but not CD3+ or CD8+ cells, resulting in persistent infection. Leveraging single-cell transcriptomics to uncover the CD4-expressing subsets driving infection resolution, we identified a novel subset of lung extravascular inflammatory monocytes (ExiMO) with antiviral functions. ExiMO are the dominant CD163-expressing myeloid population emerging in fLX upon acute infection and derive from recruited circulating CD4+ monocytes. They are highly enriched in viral RNA and elicit a robust antiviral response before vanishing from tissues when infection resolves. Notably, systemic CD4+ cell depletion results in impaired recruitment of CD163+ cells into fLX and leads to a state of immune tolerance and chronic infection defined by the absence of ExiMO antiviral responses. Together, our study uncovers ExiMO as major sentinels driving SARS-CoV-2 infection resolution in human lung tissues without pre-existing immunity. This work expands our understanding of lung extravascular monocytes and unravels novel facets of the cellular determinants governing our vulnerability to viral respiratory pathogens. One sentence summary We identified a novel human subset of lung extravascular monocytes with antiviral functions that play a critical role in resolving SARS-CoV-2 infection from human lung tissues in an immunologically naïve context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin Kenney
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aoife K. O’Connell
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna E. Tseng
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Turcinovic
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meagan L. Sheehan
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally to the work
| | - Adam D. Nitido
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally to the work
| | - Paige Montanaro
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hans P. Gertje
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John H. Connor
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Nicholas A. Crossland
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christelle Harly
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CRCINA, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO ‘Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology’, Nantes, France
- These authors contributed equally to the work
| | - Alejandro B. Balazs
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally to the work
| | - Florian Douam
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally to the work
- Lead contact
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Jenkins F, Mapulanga T, Thapa G, da Costa KAS, Temperton NJ. Conference Report: LPMHealthcare Emerging Viruses 2023 (EVOX23): Pandemics-Learning from the Past and Present to Prepare for the Future. Pathogens 2024; 13:679. [PMID: 39204279 PMCID: PMC11357271 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13080679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has meant that pandemic preparedness has become a major focus of the global scientific community. Gathered in the historic St Edmund Hall college in Oxford, the one-day LPMHealthcare conference on emerging viruses (6 September 2023) sought to review and learn from past pandemics-the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the Mpox outbreak-and then look towards potential future pandemics. This includes an emphasis on monitoring the "traditional" reservoirs of viruses with zoonotic potential, as well as possible new sources of spillover events, e.g., bats, which we are coming into closer contact with due to climate change and the impacts of human activities on habitats. Continued vigilance and investment into creative scientific solutions is required for issues including the long-term physical and psychological effects of COVID-19, i.e., long COVID. The evaluation of current systems, including environmental monitoring, communication (with the public, regulatory authorities, and governments), and training; assessment of the effectiveness of the technologies/assays we have in place currently; and lobbying of the government and the public to work with scientists are all required in order to build trust moving forward. Overall, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has shown how many sectors can work together to achieve a global impact in times of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tobias Mapulanga
- Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Chatham ME4 4BF, UK; (T.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Gauri Thapa
- Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Chatham ME4 4BF, UK; (T.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Kelly A. S. da Costa
- Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Chatham ME4 4BF, UK; (T.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Nigel J. Temperton
- Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Chatham ME4 4BF, UK; (T.M.); (G.T.)
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9
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Liu Y, Feng TT, Tong W, Guo Z, Li X, Kong Q, Xiang ZG. The transcriptome of MHV-infected RAW264.7 cells offers an alternative model for macrophage innate immunity research. Animal Model Exp Med 2024. [PMID: 38992966 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages are the primary innate immune cells encountered by the invading coronaviruses, and their abilities to initiate inflammatory reactions, to maintain the immunity homeostasis by differential polarization, to train the innate immune system by epigenic modification have been reported in laboratory animal research. METHODS In the current in vitro research, murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cell were infected by mouse hepatitis virus, a coronavirus existed in mouse. At 3-, 6-, 12-, 24-, and 48-h post infection (hpi.), the attached cells were washed with PBS and harvested in Trizol reagent. Then The harvest is subjected to transcriptome sequencing. RESULTS The transcriptome analysis showed the immediate (3 hpi.) up regulation of DEGs related to inflammation, like Il1b and Il6. DEGs related to M2 differential polarization, like Irf4 showed up regulation at 24 hpi., the late term after viral infection. In addition, DEGs related to metabolism and histone modification, like Ezh2 were detected, which might correlate with the trained immunity of macrophages. CONCLUSIONS The current in vitro viral infection study showed the key innated immunity character of macrophages, which suggested the replacement value of viral infection cells model, to reduce the animal usage in preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Feng
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wei Tong
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Guo
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xia Li
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qi Kong
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Guang Xiang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, P.R. China
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10
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Guo S, Yan T, Gao M, Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Zhang G, Zhu Z, Fan C. Study on the susceptibility of bovine coronavirus to BALB/c mice. Microb Pathog 2024; 192:106717. [PMID: 38806136 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
There are no other bovine coronavirus (BCoV) infection models except calves, which makes efficacy evaluation of vaccines and pathogenic mechanism research of BCoV inconvenient owing to their high value and inconvenient operation. This study aimed to establish a mouse model of BCoV infection. BCoV was used to infect 4-week-old male BALB/c mice and the optimal infection conditions were screened, including the following infection routes: gavage, intraperitoneal injection, and tail vein injection at doses of 1 × 108 TCID50, 2 × 108 TCID50 and 4 × 108 TCID50. Using the optimal infection conditions, BALB/c mice were infected with BCoV, and their body weight, blood routine, inflammatory factors, autopsy, virus distribution, and viral load were measured at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after infection. The results showed that the optimal conditions for infecting BALB/c mice with BCoV HLJ-325 strain were continuous oral gavage for 3 days with a dose of 4 × 108 TCID50. On the 7th day after infection, there was significant extensive consolidation of the lungs and thinning of the colon wall. Significant inflammation was observed in various organs, especially in the colon and alveoli, where a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrate. Both BCoV Ag and nucleic acid are positive in visceral organs. The viral load in the colon and lungs was significantly higher than that in the other organs (p < 0.001). BCoV-infected mice showed a decreasing trend in body weight starting from day 5, and there was a significant difference compared to the control group on days 6 and 7 (p < 0.001). The total number of white blood cells and lymphocytes began to decrease and was significantly lower than that in the control group 24 h after infection (p < 0.001), and gradually returned to the control level. The cytokine TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 showed an increasing trend, significantly higher than the control group on day 5 and 7 (p < 0.001). These results indicate that the BCoV HLJ-325 strain can infect BALB/c mice and cause inflammatory reactions and tissue lesions. The most significant effect was observed on the seventh day after infection with a dose of 4 × 108 TCID50 and three consecutive gavages. This study established, for the first time, a BALB/c mouse model of BCoV infection, providing a technical means for evaluating the immune efficacy of BCoV vaccines and studying their pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Tingfu Yan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Mengmeng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Yulong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing, 163319, China.
| | - Zecai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, 161000, China
| | - Zhanbo Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Chunling Fan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
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11
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Peidli S, Nouailles G, Wyler E, Adler JM, Kunder S, Voß A, Kazmierski J, Pott F, Pennitz P, Postmus D, Teixeira Alves LG, Goffinet C, Gruber AD, Blüthgen N, Witzenrath M, Trimpert J, Landthaler M, Praktiknjo SD. Single-cell-resolved interspecies comparison shows a shared inflammatory axis and a dominant neutrophil-endothelial program in severe COVID-19. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114328. [PMID: 38861386 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A key issue for research on COVID-19 pathogenesis is the lack of biopsies from patients and of samples at the onset of infection. To overcome these hurdles, hamsters were shown to be useful models for studying this disease. Here, we further leverage the model to molecularly survey the disease progression from time-resolved single-cell RNA sequencing data collected from healthy and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected Syrian and Roborovski hamster lungs. We compare our data to human COVID-19 studies, including bronchoalveolar lavage, nasal swab, and postmortem lung tissue, and identify a shared axis of inflammation dominated by macrophages, neutrophils, and endothelial cells, which we show to be transient in Syrian and terminal in Roborovski hamsters. Our data suggest that, following SARS-CoV-2 infection, commitment to a type 1- or type 3-biased immunity determines moderate versus severe COVID-19 outcomes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Peidli
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Berlin, Germany; Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Geraldine Nouailles
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emanuel Wyler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia M Adler
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Kunder
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Voß
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Kazmierski
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Pott
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Pennitz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dylan Postmus
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luiz Gustavo Teixeira Alves
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Goffinet
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim D Gruber
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Blüthgen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Berlin, Germany; Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Trimpert
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Markus Landthaler
- Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Samantha D Praktiknjo
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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12
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Rochowski MT, Jayathilake K, Balcerak JM, Tamil Selvan M, Gunasekara S, Rudd J, Miller C, Lacombe VA. Alterations of whole body glucose metabolism in a feline SARS-CoV-2 infection model. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2024; 326:R499-R506. [PMID: 38574344 PMCID: PMC11381005 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00228.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been especially devastating to patients with comorbidities, including metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Elevated blood glucose during SARS-CoV-2 infection increased mortality of patients with COVID-19, although the mechanisms are not well understood. It has been previously demonstrated that glucose transport and utilization is a crucial pathway for other highly infectious RNA viruses. Thus, we hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 infection could lead to alterations in cellular and whole body glucose metabolism. Specific pathogen-free domestic cats were intratracheally inoculated with USA-WA1/2020 (wild-type) SARS-CoV-2 or vehicle-inoculated, then euthanized at 4- and 8-days postinoculation (dpi). Blood glucose and cortisol concentrations were elevated at 4 and 8 dpi. Blood ketones, insulin, and angiotensin II concentrations remained unchanged throughout the experimental timeline. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in the lung and heart, without changes in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) RNA expression. In the lung, SARS-CoV-2 infection increased glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) protein levels at 4 and 8 dpi, whereas GLUT4 level was only upregulated at 8 dpi. In the heart, GLUT-1 and -4 protein levels remained unchanged. Furthermore, GLUT1 level was upregulated in the skeletal muscle at 8 dpi, and AMPK was activated in the hearts of infected cats. SARS-CoV-2 infection increased blood glucose concentration and pulmonary GLUT protein levels. These findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces metabolic reprogramming primarily in the lung to support viral replication. Furthermore, this translational feline model mimicked human COVID-19 and could be used to explore novel therapeutic targets to treat metabolic disease during SARS-CoV-2 infection.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study on a feline model of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, mirroring human COVID-19, revealed alterations in whole body and cellular glucose metabolism. Infected cats developed mild hyperglycemia, increased protein levels of glucose transporters in the lung, and AMPK activation in the heart. These findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces metabolic reprogramming in the cardiorespiratory system to support viral replication. Understanding these mechanisms could lead to novel antiviral therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Rochowski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Kaushalya Jayathilake
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - John-Michael Balcerak
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Miruthula Tamil Selvan
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Sachithra Gunasekara
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Jennifer Rudd
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Craig Miller
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Véronique A Lacombe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
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13
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Qiu B, Zandkarimi F, Saqi A, Castagna C, Tan H, Sekulic M, Miorin L, Hibshoosh H, Toyokuni S, Uchida K, Stockwell BR. Fatal COVID-19 pulmonary disease involves ferroptosis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3816. [PMID: 38769293 PMCID: PMC11106344 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection causes severe pulmonary manifestations, with poorly understood mechanisms and limited treatment options. Hyperferritinemia and disrupted lung iron homeostasis in COVID-19 patients imply that ferroptosis, an iron-dependent cell death, may occur. Immunostaining and lipidomic analysis in COVID-19 lung autopsies reveal increases in ferroptosis markers, including transferrin receptor 1 and malondialdehyde accumulation in fatal cases. COVID-19 lungs display dysregulation of lipids involved in metabolism and ferroptosis. We find increased ferritin light chain associated with severe COVID-19 lung pathology. Iron overload promotes ferroptosis in both primary cells and cancerous lung epithelial cells. In addition, ferroptosis markers strongly correlate with lung injury severity in a COVID-19 lung disease model using male Syrian hamsters. These results reveal a role for ferroptosis in COVID-19 pulmonary disease; pharmacological ferroptosis inhibition may serve as an adjuvant therapy to prevent lung damage during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyu Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Fereshteh Zandkarimi
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Anjali Saqi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Candace Castagna
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Hui Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Miroslav Sekulic
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Lisa Miorin
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Global Health Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Hanina Hibshoosh
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Koji Uchida
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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14
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Li S, Lu Y, Yang S, Wang C, Yang J, Huang X, Chen G, Shao Y, Li M, Yu H, Fu Y, Liu G. Porcine lung tissue slices: a culture model for PRCV infection and innate immune response investigations. AMB Express 2024; 14:57. [PMID: 38753111 PMCID: PMC11098997 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01717-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory coronaviruses (RCoVs) significantly threaten human health, necessitating the development of an ex vivo respiratory culture system for investigating RCoVs infection. Here, we successfully generated a porcine precision-cut lung slices (PCLSs) culture system, containing all resident lung cell types in their natural arrangement. Next, this culture system was inoculated with a porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), exhibiting clinical features akin to humans who were infected by SARS-CoV-2. The results demonstrated that PRCV efficiently infected and replicated within PCLSs, targeting ciliated cells in the bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, and pulmonary alveoli. Additionally, through RNA-Seq analysis of the innate immune response in PCLSs following PRCV infection, expression levels of interferons, inflammatory cytokines and IFN stimulated genes were significantly upregulated. This ex vivo model may not only offer new insights into PRCV infection in the porcine respiratory tract but also serve as a valuable tool for studying human respiratory CoVs infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 XuJiaPing, YanChangBu, ChengGuan District, 730046, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yabin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 XuJiaPing, YanChangBu, ChengGuan District, 730046, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 XuJiaPing, YanChangBu, ChengGuan District, 730046, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Caiying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 XuJiaPing, YanChangBu, ChengGuan District, 730046, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 XuJiaPing, YanChangBu, ChengGuan District, 730046, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 XuJiaPing, YanChangBu, ChengGuan District, 730046, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Guohui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 XuJiaPing, YanChangBu, ChengGuan District, 730046, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yongheng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 XuJiaPing, YanChangBu, ChengGuan District, 730046, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Maolin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 XuJiaPing, YanChangBu, ChengGuan District, 730046, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Haoyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 XuJiaPing, YanChangBu, ChengGuan District, 730046, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yuguang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 XuJiaPing, YanChangBu, ChengGuan District, 730046, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | - Guangliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 XuJiaPing, YanChangBu, ChengGuan District, 730046, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China.
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15
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Wu J, Zhou Q, Qi H, Lan W, Yang S, Yang S, Fan Z, Zhang A. Antimicrobial resistance spectrum and virulence characterization of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis isolated from asymptomatic and diarrheal rhesus monkeys. Microbiol Res 2024; 282:127633. [PMID: 38364524 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to deepen our understanding of the drug resistance and virulence characterization among gut bacteria in asymptomatic and diarrheal captive rhesus macaques (RMs). A total of 31 samples, including 8 asymptomatic RMs, 10 diarrheal RMs, and 1 dead RM, were collected from a breeding base in Sichuan, China, for bacterial isolation. As a result, Escherichia coli (n = 23), Klebsiella (n = 22), Proteus mirabilis (n = 10), Enterococcus (n = 10), Salmonella (n = 2), and Staphylococcus (n = 2) were isolated. All isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing, among which some E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. mirabilis were subjected to the Galleria mellonella and mice infection testing. The antimicrobial resistance rates of levofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and cefotaxime in diarrhea-associated isolates were higher than those of asymptomatic isolates. Consistent with the antimicrobial resistance phenotype, diarrheal isolates had a higher prevalence rate to qnrS1, blaTEM-1B and blaCTX-M-27 than asymptomatic isolates. Furthermore, compared with asymptomatic isolates, diarrheal isolates demonstrated a higher pathogenic potential against larvae and mice. Additionally, sequence types (STs) 14179-14181 in E. coli and ST 625 and ST 630-631 in Klebsiella aerogenes were firstly characterized. Our evidence underscores the considerable challenge posed by high rates of bacterial drug resistance in the effective treatment of diarrheal RMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Haoxuan Qi
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Weiqi Lan
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Shujian Yang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Shengzhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenxin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Anyun Zhang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China.
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16
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Belser JA, Kieran TJ, Mitchell ZA, Sun X, Mayfield K, Tumpey TM, Spengler JR, Maines TR. Key considerations to improve the normalization, interpretation and reproducibility of morbidity data in mammalian models of viral disease. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050511. [PMID: 38440823 PMCID: PMC10941659 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral pathogenesis and therapeutic screening studies that utilize small mammalian models rely on the accurate quantification and interpretation of morbidity measurements, such as weight and body temperature, which can vary depending on the model, agent and/or experimental design used. As a result, morbidity-related data are frequently normalized within and across screening studies to aid with their interpretation. However, such data normalization can be performed in a variety of ways, leading to differences in conclusions drawn and making comparisons between studies challenging. Here, we discuss variability in the normalization, interpretation, and presentation of morbidity measurements for four model species frequently used to study a diverse range of human viral pathogens - mice, hamsters, guinea pigs and ferrets. We also analyze findings aggregated from influenza A virus-infected ferrets to contextualize this discussion. We focus on serially collected weight and temperature data to illustrate how the conclusions drawn from this information can vary depending on how raw data are collected, normalized and measured. Taken together, this work supports continued efforts in understanding how normalization affects the interpretation of morbidity data and highlights best practices to improve the interpretation and utility of these findings for extrapolation to public health contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Belser
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Troy J. Kieran
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Zoë A. Mitchell
- Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Xiangjie Sun
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Kristin Mayfield
- Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Terrence M. Tumpey
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jessica R. Spengler
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Taronna R. Maines
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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17
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Herron ICT, Laws TR, Nelson M. Marmosets as models of infectious diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1340017. [PMID: 38465237 PMCID: PMC10921895 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1340017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal models of infectious disease often serve a crucial purpose in obtaining licensure of therapeutics and medical countermeasures, particularly in situations where human trials are not feasible, i.e., for those diseases that occur infrequently in the human population. The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a Neotropical new-world (platyrrhines) non-human primate, has gained increasing attention as an animal model for a number of diseases given its small size, availability and evolutionary proximity to humans. This review aims to (i) discuss the pros and cons of the common marmoset as an animal model by providing a brief snapshot of how marmosets are currently utilized in biomedical research, (ii) summarize and evaluate relevant aspects of the marmoset immune system to the study of infectious diseases, (iii) provide a historical backdrop, outlining the significance of infectious diseases and the importance of developing reliable animal models to test novel therapeutics, and (iv) provide a summary of infectious diseases for which a marmoset model exists, followed by an in-depth discussion of the marmoset models of two studied bacterial infectious diseases (tularemia and melioidosis) and one viral infectious disease (viral hepatitis C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C. T. Herron
- CBR Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Salisbury, United Kingdom
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18
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Nazari-Vanani R, Negahdary M. Recent advances in electrochemical aptasensors and genosensors for the detection of pathogens. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 243:117850. [PMID: 38081349 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, pathogenic microorganisms have caused significant mortality rates and antibiotic resistance and triggered exorbitant healthcare costs. These pathogens often have high transmission rates within human populations. Rapid diagnosis is crucial in controlling and reducing the spread of pathogenic infections. The diagnostic methods currently used against individuals infected with these pathogens include relying on outward symptoms, immunological-based and, some biomolecular ones, which mainly have limitations such as diagnostic errors, time-consuming processes, and high-cost platforms. Electrochemical aptasensors and genosensors have emerged as promising diagnostic tools for rapid, accurate, and cost-effective pathogen detection. These bio-electrochemical platforms have been optimized for diagnostic purposes by incorporating advanced materials (mainly nanomaterials), biomolecular technologies, and innovative designs. This review classifies electrochemical aptasensors and genosensors developed between 2021 and 2023 based on their use of different nanomaterials, such as gold-based, carbon-based, and others that employed other innovative assemblies without the use of nanomaterials. Inspecting the diagnostic features of various sensing platforms against pathogenic analytes can identify research gaps and open new avenues for exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Nazari-Vanani
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Negahdary
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
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19
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Kaplan BLF, Hoberman AM, Slikker W, Smith MA, Corsini E, Knudsen TB, Marty MS, Sobrian SK, Fitzpatrick SC, Ratner MH, Mendrick DL. Protecting Human and Animal Health: The Road from Animal Models to New Approach Methods. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:251-266. [PMID: 38351072 PMCID: PMC10877708 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.000967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Animals and animal models have been invaluable for our current understanding of human and animal biology, including physiology, pharmacology, biochemistry, and disease pathology. However, there are increasing concerns with continued use of animals in basic biomedical, pharmacological, and regulatory research to provide safety assessments for drugs and chemicals. There are concerns that animals do not provide sufficient information on toxicity and/or efficacy to protect the target population, so scientists are utilizing the principles of replacement, reduction, and refinement (the 3Rs) and increasing the development and application of new approach methods (NAMs). NAMs are any technology, methodology, approach, or assay used to understand the effects and mechanisms of drugs or chemicals, with specific focus on applying the 3Rs. Although progress has been made in several areas with NAMs, complete replacement of animal models with NAMs is not yet attainable. The road to NAMs requires additional development, increased use, and, for regulatory decision making, usually formal validation. Moreover, it is likely that replacement of animal models with NAMs will require multiple assays to ensure sufficient biologic coverage. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a balanced view of the current state of the use of animal models and NAMs as approaches to development, safety, efficacy, and toxicity testing of drugs and chemicals. Animals do not provide all needed information nor do NAMs, but each can elucidate key pieces of the puzzle of human and animal biology and contribute to the goal of protecting human and animal health. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Data from traditional animal studies have predominantly been used to inform human health safety and efficacy. Although it is unlikely that all animal studies will be able to be replaced, with the continued advancement in new approach methods (NAMs), it is possible that sometime in the future, NAMs will likely be an important component by which the discovery, efficacy, and toxicity testing of drugs and chemicals is conducted and regulatory decisions are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara L F Kaplan
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (B.L.F.K.); Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania (A.M.H.); Retired, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas (W.S.); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A.S.); Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, 'Rodolfo Paoletti' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (E.C.); US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.B.K.); Dow, Inc., Midland, Michigan (M.S.M.); Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC (S.K.S.); Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland (S.C.F.); Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H.R.); and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (D.L.M.)
| | - Alan M Hoberman
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (B.L.F.K.); Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania (A.M.H.); Retired, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas (W.S.); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A.S.); Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, 'Rodolfo Paoletti' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (E.C.); US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.B.K.); Dow, Inc., Midland, Michigan (M.S.M.); Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC (S.K.S.); Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland (S.C.F.); Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H.R.); and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (D.L.M.)
| | - William Slikker
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (B.L.F.K.); Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania (A.M.H.); Retired, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas (W.S.); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A.S.); Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, 'Rodolfo Paoletti' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (E.C.); US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.B.K.); Dow, Inc., Midland, Michigan (M.S.M.); Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC (S.K.S.); Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland (S.C.F.); Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H.R.); and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (D.L.M.)
| | - Mary Alice Smith
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (B.L.F.K.); Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania (A.M.H.); Retired, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas (W.S.); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A.S.); Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, 'Rodolfo Paoletti' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (E.C.); US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.B.K.); Dow, Inc., Midland, Michigan (M.S.M.); Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC (S.K.S.); Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland (S.C.F.); Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H.R.); and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (D.L.M.)
| | - Emanuela Corsini
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (B.L.F.K.); Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania (A.M.H.); Retired, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas (W.S.); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A.S.); Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, 'Rodolfo Paoletti' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (E.C.); US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.B.K.); Dow, Inc., Midland, Michigan (M.S.M.); Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC (S.K.S.); Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland (S.C.F.); Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H.R.); and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (D.L.M.)
| | - Thomas B Knudsen
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (B.L.F.K.); Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania (A.M.H.); Retired, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas (W.S.); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A.S.); Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, 'Rodolfo Paoletti' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (E.C.); US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.B.K.); Dow, Inc., Midland, Michigan (M.S.M.); Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC (S.K.S.); Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland (S.C.F.); Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H.R.); and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (D.L.M.)
| | - M Sue Marty
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (B.L.F.K.); Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania (A.M.H.); Retired, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas (W.S.); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A.S.); Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, 'Rodolfo Paoletti' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (E.C.); US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.B.K.); Dow, Inc., Midland, Michigan (M.S.M.); Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC (S.K.S.); Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland (S.C.F.); Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H.R.); and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (D.L.M.)
| | - Sonya K Sobrian
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (B.L.F.K.); Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania (A.M.H.); Retired, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas (W.S.); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A.S.); Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, 'Rodolfo Paoletti' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (E.C.); US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.B.K.); Dow, Inc., Midland, Michigan (M.S.M.); Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC (S.K.S.); Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland (S.C.F.); Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H.R.); and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (D.L.M.)
| | - Suzanne C Fitzpatrick
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (B.L.F.K.); Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania (A.M.H.); Retired, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas (W.S.); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A.S.); Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, 'Rodolfo Paoletti' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (E.C.); US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.B.K.); Dow, Inc., Midland, Michigan (M.S.M.); Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC (S.K.S.); Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland (S.C.F.); Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H.R.); and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (D.L.M.)
| | - Marcia H Ratner
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (B.L.F.K.); Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania (A.M.H.); Retired, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas (W.S.); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A.S.); Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, 'Rodolfo Paoletti' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (E.C.); US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.B.K.); Dow, Inc., Midland, Michigan (M.S.M.); Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC (S.K.S.); Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland (S.C.F.); Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H.R.); and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (D.L.M.)
| | - Donna L Mendrick
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (B.L.F.K.); Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania (A.M.H.); Retired, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas (W.S.); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A.S.); Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, 'Rodolfo Paoletti' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (E.C.); US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.B.K.); Dow, Inc., Midland, Michigan (M.S.M.); Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC (S.K.S.); Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland (S.C.F.); Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H.R.); and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (D.L.M.)
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20
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Liu G, Zhang M, Wu B, Zhang C, Wang Y, Han X, Wang R, Li L, Wei Y, Sun Y, Cao X, Wang Y, Li Y, Li M, Zhao G, Ke Y, Guo Z, Yin Q, Sun Y. A highly susceptible hACE2-transgenic mouse model for SARS-CoV-2 research. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1348405. [PMID: 38389533 PMCID: PMC10883650 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1348405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Several animal models have been used to assist the development of vaccines and therapeutics since the COVID-19 outbreak. Due to the lack of binding affinity of mouse angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) to the S protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), increasing the susceptibility of mice to SARS-CoV-2 infection was considered in several ways. Here, we generated a COVID-19 mouse model expressing human ACE2 (hACE2) under the control of the CAG promoter. Overexpression of hACE2 did not pose a significant effect on weight growth. After SARS-CoV-2 inoculation, mice showed obvious viral replication and production of inflammation within 7 days, with a gradual decrease in body weight until death. Virological testing found that the virus can replicate in the respiratory system, small intestine, and brain. Additionally, this mouse model was applied to compare two antibody drug candidates, the anti-RBD antibody (MW06) and the mouse CD24-conjugated anti-RBD antibody (mCD24-MW06). Differences in antiviral effects between these two antibodies can be demonstrated in this mouse model when a challenge dose that invalidates the anti-RBD antibody treatment was used. This study provided a new mouse model for studying SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and evaluating potential interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baolei Wu
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yan Wang
- SPF (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Baoding, China
| | - Xuelian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rongjuan Wang
- Beijing Kohnoor Science & Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- SPF (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Baoding, China
| | - Yuwei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Public Health School, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Xiangwen Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Public Health School, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yalan Li
- Beijing Kohnoor Science & Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Public Health School, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Yuehua Ke
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Zhendong Guo
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Qi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yansong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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21
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Kwon T. Utilizing non-human primate models to combat recent COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 and viral infectious disease outbreaks. J Med Primatol 2024; 53:e12689. [PMID: 38084001 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
In recent times, global viral outbreaks and diseases, such as COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), Zika (ZIKV), monkeypox (MPOX), Ebola (EBOV), and Marburg (MARV), have been extensively documented. Swiftly deciphering the mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis and devising vaccines or therapeutic interventions to curtail these outbreaks stand as paramount imperatives. Amidst these endeavors, animal models emerge as pivotal tools. Among these models, non-human primates (NHPs) hold a position of particular importance. Their proximity in evolutionary lineage and physiological resemblances to humans render them a primary model for comprehending human viral infections. This review encapsulates the pivotal role of various NHP species-such as rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), african green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus/aethiops), pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina/Macaca leonina), baboons (Papio hamadryas/Papio anubis), and common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)-in investigations pertaining to the abovementioned viral outbreaks. These NHP models play a pivotal role in illuminating key aspects of disease dynamics, facilitating the development of effective countermeasures, and contributing significantly to our overall understanding of viral pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeho Kwon
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea National University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
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22
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Kar M, Johnson KEE, Vanderheiden A, Elrod EJ, Floyd K, Geerling E, Stone ET, Salinas E, Banakis S, Wang W, Sathish S, Shrihari S, Davis-Gardner ME, Kohlmeier J, Pinto A, Klein R, Grakoui A, Ghedin E, Suthar MS. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are required to prevent SARS-CoV-2 persistence in the nasal compartment. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.23.576505. [PMID: 38410446 PMCID: PMC10896337 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.23.576505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19 and continues to pose a significant public health threat throughout the world. Following SARS-CoV-2 infection, virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are rapidly generated to form effector and memory cells and persist in the blood for several months. However, the contribution of T cells in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection within the respiratory tract are not well understood. Using C57BL/6 mice infected with a naturally occurring SARS-CoV-2 variant (B.1.351), we evaluated the role of T cells in the upper and lower respiratory tract. Following infection, SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are recruited to the respiratory tract and a vast proportion secrete the cytotoxic molecule Granzyme B. Using antibodies to deplete T cells prior to infection, we found that CD4+ and CD8+ T cells play distinct roles in the upper and lower respiratory tract. In the lungs, T cells play a minimal role in viral control with viral clearance occurring in the absence of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells through 28 days post-infection. In the nasal compartment, depletion of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, but not individually, results in persistent and culturable virus replicating in the nasal compartment through 28 days post-infection. Using in situ hybridization, we found that SARS-CoV-2 infection persisted in the nasal epithelial layer of tandem CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-depleted mice. Sequence analysis of virus isolates from persistently infected mice revealed mutations spanning across the genome, including a deletion in ORF6. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of T cells in controlling virus replication within the respiratory tract during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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23
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Kuddus MA, Paul AK, Theparod T. Cost-effectiveness analysis of COVID-19 intervention policies using a mathematical model: an optimal control approach. Sci Rep 2024; 14:494. [PMID: 38177230 PMCID: PMC10766655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50799-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is an infectious disease that causes millions of deaths worldwide, and it is the principal leading cause of morbidity and mortality in all nations. Although the governments of developed and developing countries are enforcing their universal control strategies, more precise and cost-effective single or combination interventions are required to control COVID-19 outbreaks. Using proper optimal control strategies with appropriate cost-effectiveness analysis is important to simulate, examine, and forecast the COVID-19 transmission phase. In this study, we developed a COVID-19 mathematical model and considered two important features including direct link between vaccination and latently population, and practical healthcare cost by separation of infections into Mild and Critical cases. We derived basic reproduction numbers and performed mesh and contour plots to explore the impact of different parameters on COVID-19 dynamics. Our model fitted and calibrated with number of cases of the COVID-19 data in Bangladesh as a case study to determine the optimal combinations of interventions for particular scenarios. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of varying single and combinations of three intervention strategies, including transmission control, treatment, and vaccination, all within the optimal control framework of the single-intervention policies; enhanced transmission control is the most cost-effective and prompt in declining the COVID-19 cases in Bangladesh. Our finding recommends that a three-intervention strategy that integrates transmission control, treatment, and vaccination is the most cost-effective compared to single and double intervention techniques and potentially reduce the overall infections. Other policies can be implemented to control COVID-19 depending on the accessibility of funds and policymakers' judgments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Kuddus
- Department of Mathematics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Anip Kumar Paul
- Department of Mathematics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Thitiya Theparod
- Department of Mathematics, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand.
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24
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Scheithauer TPM, Montijn RC, Mieremet A. Gut microbe-host interactions in post-COVID syndrome: a debilitating or restorative partnership? Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2402544. [PMID: 39287023 PMCID: PMC11409505 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2402544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-COVID syndrome (PCS) patients have reported a wide range of symptoms, including fatigue, shortness of breath, and diarrhea. Particularly, the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms has led to the hypothesis that the gut microbiome is involved in the development and severity of PCS. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the role of the gut microbiome in PCS by describing the microbial composition and microbial metabolites in COVID-19 and PCS. Moreover, host-microbe interactions via the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) and the microbiota-gut-lung (MGL) axes are described. Furthermore, we explore the potential of therapeutically targeting the gut microbiome to support the recovery of PCS by reviewing preclinical model systems and clinical studies. Overall, current studies provide evidence that the gut microbiota is affected in PCS; however, diversity in symptoms and highly individual microbiota compositions suggest the need for personalized medicine. Gut-targeted therapies, including treatments with pre- and probiotics, have the potential to improve the quality of life of affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten P M Scheithauer
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roy C Montijn
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arnout Mieremet
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
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25
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Hu W, Meng L, Wang C, Lu W, Tong X, Lin R, Xu T, Chen L, Cui A, Xu X, Li A, Tang J, Gao H, Pei Z, Zhang R, Wang Y, Wang Y, Han W, Jiang N, Xiong C, Feng Y, Lee K, Chen M. Spatiotemporal observations of host-pathogen interactions in mucosa during SARS-CoV-2 infection indicate a protective role of ILC2s. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0087823. [PMID: 37937994 PMCID: PMC10714800 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00878-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Our study revealed the spatial interaction between humanized ACE2 and pseudovirus expressing Spike, emphasizing the role of type 2 innate lymphoid cells during the initial phase of viral infection. These findings provide a foundation for the development of mucosal vaccines and other treatment approaches for both pre- and post-infection management of coronavirus disease 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Meng
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhan Lu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tong
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - An Cui
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anni Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Tang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongru Gao
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenle Pei
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruonan Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yicong Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wendong Han
- Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenglong Xiong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kuinyu Lee
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingquan Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Zumbrun EE, Zak SE, Lee ED, Bowling PA, Ruiz SI, Zeng X, Koehler JW, Delp KL, Bakken RR, Hentschel SS, Bloomfield HA, Ricks KM, Clements TL, Babka AM, Dye JM, Herbert AS. SARS-CoV-2 Aerosol and Intranasal Exposure Models in Ferrets. Viruses 2023; 15:2341. [PMID: 38140582 PMCID: PMC10747480 DOI: 10.3390/v15122341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. Animal models are extremely helpful for testing vaccines and therapeutics and for dissecting the viral and host factors that contribute to disease severity and transmissibility. Here, we report the assessment and comparison of intranasal and small particle (~3 µm) aerosol SARS-CoV-2 exposure in ferrets. The primary endpoints for analysis were clinical signs of disease, recovery of the virus in the upper respiratory tract, and the severity of damage within the respiratory tract. This work demonstrated that ferrets were productively infected with SARS-CoV-2 following either intranasal or small particle aerosol exposure. SARS-CoV-2 infection of ferrets resulted in an asymptomatic disease course following either intranasal or small particle aerosol exposure, with no clinical signs, significant weight loss, or fever. In both aerosol and intranasal ferret models, SARS-CoV-2 replication, viral genomes, and viral antigens were detected within the upper respiratory tract, with little to no viral material detected in the lungs. The ferrets exhibited a specific IgG immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 full spike protein. Mild pathological findings included inflammation, necrosis, and edema within nasal turbinates, which correlated to positive immunohistochemical staining for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Environmental sampling was performed following intranasal exposure of ferrets, and SARS-CoV-2 genomic material was detected on the feeders and nesting areas from days 2-10 post-exposure. We conclude that both intranasal and small particle aerosol ferret models displayed measurable parameters that could be utilized for future studies, including transmission studies and testing SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E. Zumbrun
- Division of Virology, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (S.E.Z.); (R.R.B.); (S.S.H.); (J.M.D.); (A.S.H.)
| | - Samantha E. Zak
- Division of Virology, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (S.E.Z.); (R.R.B.); (S.S.H.); (J.M.D.); (A.S.H.)
| | - Eric D. Lee
- Division of Pathology, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (E.D.L.); (X.Z.); (H.A.B.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Philip A. Bowling
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Sara I. Ruiz
- Division of Bacteriology, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Xiankun Zeng
- Division of Pathology, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (E.D.L.); (X.Z.); (H.A.B.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Jeffrey W. Koehler
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (J.W.K.); (K.L.D.); (K.M.R.); (T.L.C.)
| | - Korey L. Delp
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (J.W.K.); (K.L.D.); (K.M.R.); (T.L.C.)
| | - Russel R. Bakken
- Division of Virology, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (S.E.Z.); (R.R.B.); (S.S.H.); (J.M.D.); (A.S.H.)
| | - Shannon S. Hentschel
- Division of Virology, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (S.E.Z.); (R.R.B.); (S.S.H.); (J.M.D.); (A.S.H.)
| | - Holly A. Bloomfield
- Division of Pathology, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (E.D.L.); (X.Z.); (H.A.B.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Keersten M. Ricks
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (J.W.K.); (K.L.D.); (K.M.R.); (T.L.C.)
| | - Tamara L. Clements
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (J.W.K.); (K.L.D.); (K.M.R.); (T.L.C.)
| | - April M. Babka
- Division of Pathology, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (E.D.L.); (X.Z.); (H.A.B.); (A.M.B.)
| | - John M. Dye
- Division of Virology, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (S.E.Z.); (R.R.B.); (S.S.H.); (J.M.D.); (A.S.H.)
| | - Andrew S. Herbert
- Division of Virology, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (S.E.Z.); (R.R.B.); (S.S.H.); (J.M.D.); (A.S.H.)
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27
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Condor Capcha JM, Kamiar A, Robleto E, Saad AG, Cui T, Wong A, Villano J, Zhong W, Pekosz A, Medina E, Cai R, Sha W, Ranek MJ, Webster KA, Schally AV, Jackson RM, Shehadeh LA. Growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor antagonist MIA-602 attenuates cardiopulmonary injury induced by BSL-2 rVSV-SARS-CoV-2 in hACE2 mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2308342120. [PMID: 37983492 PMCID: PMC10691341 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308342120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pneumonia causes acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) characterized by early pulmonary endothelial and epithelial injuries with altered pulmonary diffusing capacity and obstructive or restrictive physiology. Growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRH-R) is expressed in the lung and heart. GHRH-R antagonist, MIA-602, has been reported to modulate immune responses to bleomycin lung injury and inflammation in granulomatous sarcoidosis. We hypothesized that MIA-602 would attenuate rVSV-SARS-CoV-2-induced pulmonary dysfunction and heart injury in a BSL-2 mouse model. Male and female K18-hACE2tg mice were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2/USA-WA1/2020, BSL-2-compliant recombinant VSV-eGFP-SARS-CoV-2-Spike (rVSV-SARS-CoV-2), or PBS, and lung viral load, weight loss, histopathology, and gene expression were compared. K18-hACE2tg mice infected with rVSV-SARS-CoV-2 were treated daily with subcutaneous MIA-602 or vehicle and conscious, unrestrained plethysmography performed on days 0, 3, and 5 (n = 7 to 8). Five days after infection mice were killed, and blood and tissues collected for histopathology and protein/gene expression. Both native SARS-CoV-2 and rVSV-SARS-CoV-2 presented similar patterns of weight loss, infectivity (~60%), and histopathologic changes. Daily treatment with MIA-602 conferred weight recovery, reduced lung perivascular inflammation/pneumonia, and decreased lung/heart ICAM-1 expression compared to vehicle. MIA-602 rescued altered respiratory rate, increased expiratory parameters (Te, PEF, EEP), and normalized airflow parameters (Penh and Rpef) compared to vehicle, consistent with decreased airway inflammation. RNASeq followed by protein analysis revealed heightened levels of inflammation and end-stage necroptosis markers, including ZBP1 and pMLKL induced by rVSV-SARS-CoV-2, that were normalized by MIA-602 treatment, consistent with an anti-inflammatory and pro-survival mechanism of action in this preclinical model of COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Condor Capcha
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL33136
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL33136
| | - Ali Kamiar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL33136
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL33136
| | - Emely Robleto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL33136
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL33136
| | - Ali G. Saad
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL33136
| | - Tengjiao Cui
- Research Service, Miami Veterans Affairs Health System (VAHS), Miami, FL33125
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL33101
| | - Amanda Wong
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Jason Villano
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - William Zhong
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Edgar Medina
- Qualityminds Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH), Munchen, Munich81549, Germany
| | - Renzhi Cai
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL33136
- Research Service, Miami Veterans Affairs Health System (VAHS), Miami, FL33125
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL33101
| | - Wei Sha
- Research Service, Miami Veterans Affairs Health System (VAHS), Miami, FL33125
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL33101
| | - Mark J. Ranek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21205
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Keith A. Webster
- Integene International Holdings, Miami, FL33179
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Andrew V. Schally
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL33136
- Research Service, Miami Veterans Affairs Health System (VAHS), Miami, FL33125
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL33101
| | - Robert M. Jackson
- Research Service, Miami Veterans Affairs Health System (VAHS), Miami, FL33125
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL33101
| | - Lina A. Shehadeh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL33136
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL33136
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28
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Gordhan BG, Liebenberg D, Scarlatti G, Herrera C, Chiodi F, Martinson N, Fox J, Kana BD. Ex vivo challenge models for infectious diseases. Crit Rev Microbiol 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37909097 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2023.2274855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis for infectious agents were studied in cell culture or animal models but have limitations on the extent to which the resulting data reflect natural infection in humans. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need to rapidly develop laboratory models that enable the study of host-pathogen interactions, particularly the relative efficacy of preventive measures. Recently, human and animal ex vivo tissue challenge models have emerged as a promising avenue to study immune responses, screen potential therapies and triage vaccine candidates. This approach offers the opportunity to closely approximate human disease from the perspective of pathology and immune response. It has advantages compared to animal models which are expensive, lengthy and often require containment facilities. Herein, we summarize some recent advances in the development of ex vivo tissue challenge models for COVID-19, HIV-1 and other pathogens. We focus on the contribution of these models to enhancing knowledge of host-pathogen interactions, immune modulation, and their value in testing therapeutic agents. We further highlight the advantages and limitations of using ex vivo challenge models and briefly summarize how the use of organoids provides a useful advancement over current approaches. Collectively, these developments have enormous potential for the study of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna Gowan Gordhan
- Department of Science and Innovation/National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dale Liebenberg
- Department of Science and Innovation/National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gabriella Scarlatti
- Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Carolina Herrera
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Francesca Chiodi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Neil Martinson
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Julie Fox
- Guys and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bavesh Davandra Kana
- Department of Science and Innovation/National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Jack KM, Kulick NK. Primate field research during a pandemic: Lessons learned from the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Am J Primatol 2023; 85:e23551. [PMID: 37706674 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic abruptly halted most primate field research in early 2020. While international travel bans and regional travel restrictions made continuing primate field research impossible early on in the pandemic, ethical concerns of transmitting the virus from researchers to primates and surrounding human communities informed decisions regarding the timing of resuming research. Between June and September 2020, we surveyed field primatologists regarding the impacts of the pandemic on their research. We received 90 completed surveys from respondents residing in 21 countries, though most were from the United States and Canada. These data provide a valuable window into the perspectives and actions taken by researchers during the early stages of the pandemic as events were still unfolding. Only 2.4% of projects reported continuing research as usual, 33.7% continued with some decrease in productivity, 42.2% reported postponing research projects, and 21.7% reported canceling projects or postponing research indefinitely. Respondents most severely impacted by the pandemic were those establishing new field sites and graduate students whose projects were postponed or canceled due to pandemic-related shutdowns. Fears about increased poaching, the inability to pay local assistants, frozen research funds, declining habituation, disruptions to data collection, and delays in student projects were among the top concerns of respondents. Nearly all the projects able to continue research in any capacity during the early months of the pandemic were run by or employed primate habitat country primatologists. This finding is a major lesson learned from the pandemic; without habitat country scientists, primate research is not sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine M Jack
- Department of Anthropology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Nelle K Kulick
- Department of Anthropology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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30
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Brandenburg K, Ferrer-Espada R, Martinez-de-Tejada G, Nehls C, Fukuoka S, Mauss K, Weindl G, Garidel P. A Comparison between SARS-CoV-2 and Gram-Negative Bacteria-Induced Hyperinflammation and Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15169. [PMID: 37894850 PMCID: PMC10607443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by the body's overwhelming response to an infection, such as pneumonia or urinary tract infection. It occurs when the immune system releases cytokines into the bloodstream, triggering widespread inflammation. If not treated, it can lead to organ failure and death. Unfortunately, sepsis has a high mortality rate, with studies reporting rates ranging from 20% to over 50%, depending on the severity and promptness of treatment. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the annual death toll in the world is about 11 million. One of the main toxins responsible for inflammation induction are lipopolysaccharides (LPS, endotoxin) from Gram-negative bacteria, which rank among the most potent immunostimulants found in nature. Antibiotics are consistently prescribed as a part of anti-sepsis-therapy. However, antibiotic therapy (i) is increasingly ineffective due to resistance development and (ii) most antibiotics are unable to bind and neutralize LPS, a prerequisite to inhibit the interaction of endotoxin with its cellular receptor complex, namely Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/MD-2, responsible for the intracellular cascade leading to pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. The pandemic virus SARS-CoV-2 has infected hundreds of millions of humans worldwide since its emergence in 2019. The COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease-19) caused by this virus is associated with high lethality, particularly for elderly and immunocompromised people. As of August 2023, nearly 7 million deaths were reported worldwide due to this disease. According to some reported studies, upregulation of TLR4 and the subsequent inflammatory signaling detected in COVID-19 patients "mimics bacterial sepsis". Furthermore, the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 was described by others as "mirror image of sepsis". Similarly, the cytokine profile in sera from severe COVID-19 patients was very similar to those suffering from the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and sepsis. Finally, the severe COVID-19 infection is frequently accompanied by bacterial co-infections, as well as by the presence of significant LPS concentrations. In the present review, we will analyze similarities and differences between COVID-19 and sepsis at the pathophysiological, epidemiological, and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Brandenburg
- Brandenburg Antiinfektiva, c/o Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz-Lungenzentrum, Parkallee 10, 23845 Borstel, Germany; (K.B.); (K.M.)
| | - Raquel Ferrer-Espada
- Department of Microbiology, University of Navarra, IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Guillermo Martinez-de-Tejada
- Department of Microbiology, University of Navarra, IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Christian Nehls
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, FG Biophysik, Parkallee 10, 23845 Borstel, Germany;
| | - Satoshi Fukuoka
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu 761-0395, Japan;
| | - Karl Mauss
- Brandenburg Antiinfektiva, c/o Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz-Lungenzentrum, Parkallee 10, 23845 Borstel, Germany; (K.B.); (K.M.)
- Sylter Klinik Karl Mauss, Dr.-Nicolas-Strasse 3, 25980 Westerland (Sylt), Germany
| | - Günther Weindl
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Abteilung Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Patrick Garidel
- Physikalische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
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31
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Hoffmann M, Wong LYR, Arora P, Zhang L, Rocha C, Odle A, Nehlmeier I, Kempf A, Richter A, Halwe NJ, Schön J, Ulrich L, Hoffmann D, Beer M, Drosten C, Perlman S, Pöhlmann S. Omicron subvariant BA.5 efficiently infects lung cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3500. [PMID: 37311762 PMCID: PMC10262933 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.2 exhibit reduced lung cell infection relative to previously circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants, which may account for their reduced pathogenicity. However, it is unclear whether lung cell infection by BA.5, which displaced these variants, remains attenuated. Here, we show that the spike (S) protein of BA.5 exhibits increased cleavage at the S1/S2 site and drives cell-cell fusion and lung cell entry with higher efficiency than its counterparts from BA.1 and BA.2. Increased lung cell entry depends on mutation H69Δ/V70Δ and is associated with efficient replication of BA.5 in cultured lung cells. Further, BA.5 replicates in the lungs of female Balb/c mice and the nasal cavity of female ferrets with much higher efficiency than BA.1. These results suggest that BA.5 has acquired the ability to efficiently infect lung cells, a prerequisite for causing severe disease, suggesting that evolution of Omicron subvariants can result in partial loss of attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hoffmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany.
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Lok-Yin Roy Wong
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, BSB 3-712, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Prerna Arora
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lu Zhang
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cheila Rocha
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Abby Odle
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, BSB 3-712, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Inga Nehlmeier
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Amy Kempf
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anja Richter
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nico Joel Halwe
- Institut für Virusdiagnostik (IVD), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Jacob Schön
- Institut für Virusdiagnostik (IVD), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Lorenz Ulrich
- Institut für Virusdiagnostik (IVD), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Donata Hoffmann
- Institut für Virusdiagnostik (IVD), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institut für Virusdiagnostik (IVD), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, BSB 3-712, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany.
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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32
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Yang B, Liu C, Ju X, Wu B, Wang Z, Dong F, Yu Y, Hou X, Fang M, Gao F, Guo X, Gui Y, Ding Q, Li W. A tissue specific-infection mouse model of SARS-CoV-2. Cell Discov 2023; 9:43. [PMID: 37080957 PMCID: PMC10117269 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-023-00536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models play crucial roles in the rapid development of vaccines/drugs for the prevention and therapy of COVID-19, but current models have some deficits when studying the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 on some special tissues or organs. Here, we generated a human ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 NF/F knockin mouse line that constitutively expresses human ACE2 and specifically expresses SARS-CoV-2 N gene induced by Cre-recombinase. By crossing with Cre transgenic lines allowing for lung-specific and constitutive expression, we generated lung-specific (Sftpc-hACE2-NF/F) and constitutive SARS-CoV-2 N (EIIa-hACE2-NF/F) expressing mice. Upon intranasal infection with a SARS-CoV-2 GFP/ΔN strain which can only replicate in SARS-CoV-2 N expressed cells, we demonstrated that both the Sftpc-hACE2-NF/F and EIIa-hACE2-NF/F mice support viral replication. Consistent with our design, viral replication was limited to the lung tissues in Sftpc-hACE2-NF/F mice, while the EIIa-hACE2-NF/F mice developed infections in multiple tissues. Furthermore, our model supports different SARS-CoV-2 variants infection, and it can be successfully used to evaluate the effects of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (Ab1F11) and antiviral drugs (Molnupiravir). Finally, to test the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on male reproduction, we generated Sertoli cell-specific SARS-CoV-2 N expressed mice by crossing with AMH-Cre transgenic line. We found that SARS-CoV-2 GFP/ΔN strain could infect Sertoli cells, led to spermatogenic defects due to the destruction of blood-testis barrier. Overall, combining with different tissue-specific Cre transgenic lines, the human ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 NF/F line enables us to evaluate antivirals in vivo and study the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 on some special tissues or organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Ju
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingbing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuangfei Wang
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Fucheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanying Yu
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Hou
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Min Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaoting Gui
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Qiang Ding
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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33
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Szpiro L, Bourgeay C, Hoareau AL, Julien T, Menard C, Marie Y, Rosa-Calatrava M, Moules V. Antiviral Activity of Active Materials: Standard and Finger-Pad-Based Innovative Experimental Approaches. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2889. [PMID: 37049183 PMCID: PMC10096329 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Environmental surfaces, including high-touch surfaces (HITS), bear a high risk of becoming fomites and can participate in viral dissemination through contact and transmission to other persons, due to the capacity of viruses to persist on such contaminated surface before being transferred to hands or other supports at sufficient concentration to initiate infection through direct contact. Interest in the development of self-decontaminating materials as additional safety measures towards preventing viral infectious disease transmission has been growing. Active materials are expected to reduce the viral charge on surfaces over time and consequently limit viral transmission capacity through direct contact. In this study, we compared antiviral activities obtained using three different experimental procedures by assessing the survival of an enveloped virus (influenza virus) and non-enveloped virus (feline calicivirus) over time on a reference surface and three active materials. Our data show that experimental test conditions can have a substantial impact of over 1 log10 on the antiviral activity of active material for the same contact period, depending on the nature of the virus. We then developed an innovative and reproducible approach based on finger-pad transfer to evaluate the antiviral activity of HITS against a murine norovirus inoculum under conditions closely reflecting real-life surface exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Szpiro
- VirHealth SAS, Innovation Centre Lyonbiopole, 321 Avenue Jean Jaurès, 69007 Lyon, France
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Joint Technology Research Laboratory on Pathogenic Respiratory Viruses (PRV TEchLab), Innovation Centre Lyonbiopole, 321 Avenue Jean Jaurès, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Clara Bourgeay
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Joint Technology Research Laboratory on Pathogenic Respiratory Viruses (PRV TEchLab), Innovation Centre Lyonbiopole, 321 Avenue Jean Jaurès, 69007 Lyon, France
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir, University Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Alexandre Loic Hoareau
- VirHealth SAS, Innovation Centre Lyonbiopole, 321 Avenue Jean Jaurès, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Julien
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Joint Technology Research Laboratory on Pathogenic Respiratory Viruses (PRV TEchLab), Innovation Centre Lyonbiopole, 321 Avenue Jean Jaurès, 69007 Lyon, France
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir, University Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Camille Menard
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Joint Technology Research Laboratory on Pathogenic Respiratory Viruses (PRV TEchLab), Innovation Centre Lyonbiopole, 321 Avenue Jean Jaurès, 69007 Lyon, France
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir, University Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Yana Marie
- VirHealth SAS, Innovation Centre Lyonbiopole, 321 Avenue Jean Jaurès, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Manuel Rosa-Calatrava
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Joint Technology Research Laboratory on Pathogenic Respiratory Viruses (PRV TEchLab), Innovation Centre Lyonbiopole, 321 Avenue Jean Jaurès, 69007 Lyon, France
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir, University Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Vincent Moules
- VirHealth SAS, Innovation Centre Lyonbiopole, 321 Avenue Jean Jaurès, 69007 Lyon, France
- Joint Technology Research Laboratory on Pathogenic Respiratory Viruses (PRV TEchLab), Innovation Centre Lyonbiopole, 321 Avenue Jean Jaurès, 69007 Lyon, France
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Moore KA, Leighton T, Ostrowsky JT, Anderson CJ, Danila RN, Ulrich AK, Lackritz EM, Mehr AJ, Baric RS, Baylor NW, Gellin BG, Gordon JL, Krammer F, Perlman S, Rees HV, Saville M, Weller CL, Osterholm MT. A research and development (R&D) roadmap for broadly protective coronavirus vaccines: A pandemic preparedness strategy. Vaccine 2023; 41:2101-2112. [PMID: 36870874 PMCID: PMC9941884 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Broadly protective coronavirus vaccines are an important tool for protecting against future SARS-CoV-2 variants and could play a critical role in mitigating the impact of future outbreaks or pandemics caused by novel coronaviruses. The Coronavirus Vaccines Research and Development (R&D) Roadmap (CVR) is aimed at promoting the development of such vaccines. The CVR, funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and The Rockefeller Foundation, was generated through a collaborative and iterative process, which was led by the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy (CIDRAP) at the University of Minnesota and involved 50 international subject matter experts and recognized leaders in the field. This report summarizes the major issues and areas of research outlined in the CVR and identifies high-priority milestones. The CVR covers a 6-year timeframe and is organized into five topic areas: virology, immunology, vaccinology, animal and human infection models, and policy and finance. Included in each topic area are key barriers, gaps, strategic goals, milestones, and additional R&D priorities. The roadmap includes 20 goals and 86 R&D milestones, 26 of which are ranked as high priority. By identifying key issues, and milestones for addressing them, the CVR provides a framework to guide funding and research campaigns that promote the development of broadly protective coronavirus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine A Moore
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, C315 Mayo Memorial Building, MMC 263, 420 Delaware Street, SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
| | - Tabitha Leighton
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Julia T Ostrowsky
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cory J Anderson
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Angela K Ulrich
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eve M Lackritz
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Angela J Mehr
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Jennifer L Gordon
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, and Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | | | - Helen V Rees
- Wits RHI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Melanie Saville
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michael T Osterholm
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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35
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Gressett TE, Leist SR, Ismael S, Talkington G, Dinnon KH, Baric RS, Bix G. Mouse Adapted SARS-CoV-2 Model Induces "Long-COVID" Neuropathology in BALB/c Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.18.533204. [PMID: 36993423 PMCID: PMC10055301 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.18.533204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused significant global morbidity and mortality and continues to burden patients with persisting neurological dysfunction. COVID-19 survivors develop debilitating symptoms to include neuro-psychological dysfunction, termed "Long COVID", which can cause significant reduction of quality of life. Despite vigorous model development, the possible cause of these symptoms and the underlying pathophysiology of this devastating disease remains elusive. Mouse adapted (MA10) SARS-CoV-2 is a novel mouse-based model of COVID-19 which simulates the clinical symptoms of respiratory distress associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice. In this study, we evaluated the long-term effects of MA10 infection on brain pathology and neuroinflammation. 10-week and 1-year old female BALB/cAnNHsd mice were infected intranasally with 10 4 plaque-forming units (PFU) and 10 3 PFU of SARS-CoV-2 MA10, respectively, and the brain was examined 60 days post-infection (dpi). Immunohistochemical analysis showed a decrease in the neuronal nuclear protein NeuN and an increase in Iba-1 positive amoeboid microglia in the hippocampus after MA10 infection, indicating long-term neurological changes in a brain area which is critical for long-term memory consolidation and processing. Importantly, these changes were seen in 40-50% of infected mice, which correlates to prevalence of LC seen clinically. Our data shows for the first time that MA10 infection induces neuropathological outcomes several weeks after infection at similar rates of observed clinical prevalence of "Long COVID". These observations strengthen the MA10 model as a viable model for study of the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 in humans. Establishing the viability of this model is a key step towards the rapid development of novel therapeutic strategies to ameliorate neuroinflammation and restore brain function in those suffering from the persistent cognitive dysfunction of "Long-COVID".
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Wong YP, Tan GC, Khong TY. SARS-CoV-2 Transplacental Transmission: A Rare Occurrence? An Overview of the Protective Role of the Placenta. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054550. [PMID: 36901979 PMCID: PMC10002996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in a global public health crisis, causing substantial concern especially to the pregnant population. Pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 are at greater risk of devastating pregnancy complications such as premature delivery and stillbirth. Irrespective of the emerging reported cases of neonatal COVID-19, reassuringly, confirmatory evidence of vertical transmission is still lacking. The protective role of the placenta in limiting in utero spread of virus to the developing fetus is intriguing. The short- and long-term impact of maternal COVID-19 infection in the newborn remains an unresolved question. In this review, we explore the recent evidence of SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission, cell-entry pathways, placental responses towards SARS-CoV-2 infection, and its potential effects on the offspring. We further discuss how the placenta serves as a defensive front against SARS-CoV-2 by exerting various cellular and molecular defense pathways. A better understanding of the placental barrier, immune defense, and modulation strategies involved in restricting transplacental transmission may provide valuable insights for future development of antiviral and immunomodulatory therapies to improve pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Ping Wong
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Department of Pathology, SA Pathology, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
- Correspondence: (Y.P.W.); (G.C.T.)
| | - Geok Chin Tan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (Y.P.W.); (G.C.T.)
| | - T. Yee Khong
- Department of Pathology, SA Pathology, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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In Vitro Pharmacokinetic Behavior of Antiviral 3-Amidinophenylalanine Derivatives in Rat, Dog and Monkey Hepatocytes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030682. [PMID: 36979660 PMCID: PMC10045298 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II transmembrane serine proteases represent pharmacological targets for blocking entry and spread of influenza or coronaviruses. In this study, the depletion rates of the 3-amidinophenylalanine (3-APhA)-derived matriptase/TMPRSS2 inhibitors MI-463, MI-472, MI-485 or MI-1900 were determined by LC-MS/MS measurements over a period of 300 min using suspensions of rat, dog and cynomolgus monkey primary hepatocytes. From these in vitro pharmacokinetic (PK) experiments, intrinsic clearance values (Clint) were evaluated, and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters (hepatic clearance, hepatic extraction ratio and bioavailability) were predicted. It was found that rat hepatocytes were the most active in the metabolism of 3-APhA derivatives (Clint 31.9–37.8 mL/min/kg), whereas dog and monkey cells displayed somewhat lower clearance of these compounds (Clint 6.6–26.7 mL/min/kg). These data support elucidation of important PK properties of anti-TMPRSS2/anti-matriptase 3-APhAs using mammalian hepatocyte models and thus contribute to the optimization of lead compounds.
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Host Response of Syrian Hamster to SARS-CoV-2 Infection including Differences with Humans and between Sexes. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020428. [PMID: 36851642 PMCID: PMC9960357 DOI: 10.3390/v15020428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has highlighted the importance of having proper tools and models to study the pathophysiology of emerging infectious diseases to test therapeutic protocols, assess changes in viral phenotypes, and evaluate the effects of viral evolution. This study provided a comprehensive characterization of the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) as an animal model for SARS-CoV-2 infection using different approaches (description of clinical signs, viral load, receptor profiling, and host immune response) and targeting four different organs (lungs, intestine, brain, and PBMCs). Our data showed that both male and female hamsters were susceptible to the infection and developed a disease similar to the one observed in patients with COVID-19 that included moderate to severe pulmonary lesions, inflammation, and recruitment of the immune system in the lungs and at the systemic level. However, all animals recovered within 14 days without developing the severe pathology seen in humans, and none of them died. We found faint evidence for intestinal and neurological tropism associated with the absence of lesions and a minimal host response in intestines and brains, which highlighted another crucial difference with the multiorgan impairment of severe COVID-19. When comparing male and female hamsters, we observed that males sustained higher viral RNA shedding and replication in the lungs, suffered from more severe symptoms and histopathological lesions, and triggered higher pulmonary inflammation. Overall, these data confirmed the Syrian hamster as a suitable model for mild to moderate COVID-19 and reflected sex-related differences in the response against the virus observed in humans.
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Lacasse É, Gudimard L, Dubuc I, Gravel A, Allaeys I, Boilard É, Flamand L. SARS-CoV-2 Nsp2 Contributes to Inflammation by Activating NF-κB. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020334. [PMID: 36851549 PMCID: PMC9964531 DOI: 10.3390/v15020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is associated with robust inflammation and partially impaired antiviral responses. The modulation of inflammatory gene expression by SARS-CoV-2 is not completely understood. In this study, we characterized the inflammatory and antiviral responses mounted during SARS-CoV-2 infection. K18-hACE2 mice were infected with a Wuhan-like strain of SARS-CoV-2, and the transcriptional and translational expression interferons (IFNs), cytokines, and chemokines were analyzed in mouse lung homogenates. Our results show that the infection of mice with SARS-CoV-2 induces the expression of several pro-inflammatory CC and CXC chemokines activated through NF-κB but weakly IL1β and IL18 whose expression are more characteristic of inflammasome formation. We also observed the downregulation of several inflammasome effectors. The modulation of innate response, following expressions of non-structural protein 2 (Nsp2) and SARS-CoV-2 infection, was assessed by measuring IFNβ expression and NF-κB modulation in human pulmonary cells. A robust activation of the NF-κB p65 subunit was induced following the infection of human cells with the corresponding NF-κB-driven inflammatory signature. We identified that Nsp2 expression induced the activation of the IFNβ promoter through its NF-κB regulatory domain as well as activation of p65 subunit phosphorylation. The present studies suggest that SARS-CoV-2 skews the antiviral response in favor of an NF-κB-driven inflammatory response, a hallmark of acute COVID-19 and for which Nsp2 should be considered an important contributor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Émile Lacasse
- Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d’Immunologie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Leslie Gudimard
- Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Isabelle Dubuc
- Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Annie Gravel
- Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Isabelle Allaeys
- Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Éric Boilard
- Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d’Immunologie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Louis Flamand
- Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d’Immunologie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Zymosan Particle-Induced Hemodynamic, Cytokine and Blood Cell Changes in Pigs: An Innate Immune Stimulation Model with Relevance to Cytokine Storm Syndrome and Severe COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021138. [PMID: 36674654 PMCID: PMC9863690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemodynamic disturbance, a rise in neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and release of inflammatory cytokines into blood, is a bad prognostic indicator in severe COVID-19 and other diseases involving cytokine storm syndrome (CSS). The purpose of this study was to explore if zymosan, a known stimulator of the innate immune system, could reproduce these changes in pigs. Pigs were instrumented for hemodynamic analysis and, after i.v. administration of zymosan, serial blood samples were taken to measure blood cell changes, cytokine gene transcription in PBMC and blood levels of inflammatory cytokines, using qPCR and ELISA. Zymosan bolus (0.1 mg/kg) elicited transient hemodynamic disturbance within minutes without detectable cytokine or blood cell changes. In contrast, infusion of 1 mg/kg zymosan triggered maximal pulmonary hypertension with tachycardia, lasting for 30 min. This was followed by a transient granulopenia and then, up to 6 h, major granulocytosis, resulting in a 3-4-fold increase in NLR. These changes were paralleled by massive transcription and/or rise in IL-6, TNF-alpha, CCL-2, CXCL-10, and IL-1RA in blood. There was significant correlation between lymphopenia and IL-6 gene expression. We conclude that the presented model may enable mechanistic studies on late-stage COVID-19 and CSS, as well as streamlined drug testing against these conditions.
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Joshi S, Singh S, Sharma R, Vats S, Alam A. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling of aqueous methanol fraction of Plagiochasma appendiculatum Lehm. & Lindenb. and Sphagnum fimbriatum Wilson for probable antiviral potential. VEGETOS (BAREILLY, INDIA) 2023; 36:87-92. [PMID: 36061344 PMCID: PMC9426370 DOI: 10.1007/s42535-022-00458-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The bryophytes consist of liverworts, mosses, and hornworts, among which the liverworts are quite different in having cellular oil bodies and contain numerous terpenoids, acetogenins, quinones, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, etc. These metabolites exhibit interesting biological activity such as allergenic response, insecticide, cytotoxic, neurotrophic, antimicrobial, and anti-HIV actions, etc. Though several bioactive compounds have been isolated in many liverworts, yet most of the liverworts have been unexplored till date regarding their phytochemistry. The ability of liverworts to generate a wide range of important phytochemicals makes them a hoard of bioactive compounds. In the past, a few species of bryophytes have been evaluated against a few viruses and interesting results were obtained that showed their role as an immunity enhancer against viral infection. The phytoconstituents found in liverworts and mosses can be useful to increase human immunity against a variety of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Keeping this in view, one of the most developed and robust metabolomics technologies, Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) was used to estimate the various phytoconstituents found in a commonly growing thalloid liverwort, Plagiochasma appendiculatum, and moss Sphagnum fimbriatum. The obtained profiles were appraised for their bioactive potential and probable role as antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Joshi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk, Rajasthan 304022 India
| | - Swati Singh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk, Rajasthan 304022 India
| | - Rimjhim Sharma
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk, Rajasthan 304022 India
| | - Sharad Vats
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk, Rajasthan 304022 India
| | - Afroz Alam
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk, Rajasthan 304022 India
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42
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Qiu X, Liu Y, Sha A. SARS-CoV-2 and natural infection in animals. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28147. [PMID: 36121159 PMCID: PMC9538246 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which has caused serious challenges for public health systems worldwide. Due to the close relationship between animals and humans, confirmed transmission from humans to numerous animal species has been reported. Understanding the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and the infection and transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in different animals is crucial to control COVID-19 and protect animal health. In this review, the possible animal origins of SARS-CoV-2 and animal species naturally susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection are discussed. Furthermore, this review categorizes the SARS-CoV-2 susceptible animals by families, so as to better understand the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Qiu
- School of Biology and Food EngineeringChongqing Three Gorges UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Biology and Food EngineeringChongqing Three Gorges UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ailong Sha
- School of Teacher EducationChongqing Three Gorges UniversityChongqingChina
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43
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Beig M, Mohammadi M, Nafe Monfared F, Nasereslami S. Monkeypox: An emerging zoonotic pathogen. World J Virol 2022; 11:426-434. [PMID: 36483104 PMCID: PMC9724206 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v11.i6.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Monkeypox virus (MPXV), which belongs to the orthopoxvirus genus, causes zoonotic viral disease. This review discusses the biology, epidemiology, and evolution of MPXV infection, particularly cellular, human, and viral factors, virus transmission dynamics, infection, and persistence in nature. This review also describes the role of recombination, gene loss, and gene gain in MPXV evol-vement and the role of signal transduction in MPXV infection and provides an overview of the current access to therapeutic options for the treatment and prevention of MPXV. Finally, this review highlighted gaps in knowledge and proposed future research endeavors to address the unresolved questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Beig
- Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 5423566512, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Mohammadi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan 8715973449, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nafe Monfared
- Department of Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 5151561892, Iran
| | - Somaieh Nasereslami
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 5214632542, Iran
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44
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Ma Q, Ma W, Song TZ, Wu Z, Liu Z, Hu Z, Han JB, Xu L, Zeng B, Wang B, Sun Y, Yu DD, Wu Q, Yao YG, Zheng YT, Wang X. Single-nucleus transcriptomic profiling of multiple organs in a rhesus macaque model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Zool Res 2022; 43:1041-1062. [PMID: 36349357 PMCID: PMC9700497 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes diverse clinical manifestations and tissue injuries in multiple organs. However, cellular and molecular understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection-associated pathology and immune defense features in different organs remains incomplete. Here, we profiled approximately 77 000 single-nucleus transcriptomes of the lung, liver, kidney, and cerebral cortex in rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta) infected with SARS-CoV-2 and healthy controls. Integrated analysis of the multi-organ dataset suggested that the liver harbored the strongest global transcriptional alterations. We observed prominent impairment in lung epithelial cells, especially in AT2 and ciliated cells, and evident signs of fibrosis in fibroblasts. These lung injury characteristics are similar to those reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Furthermore, we found suppressed MHC class I/II molecular activity in the lung, inflammatory response in the liver, and activation of the kynurenine pathway, which induced the development of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Analysis of the kidney dataset highlighted tropism of tubule cells to SARS-CoV-2, and we found membranous nephropathy (an autoimmune disease) caused by podocyte dysregulation. In addition, we identified the pathological states of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the cerebral cortex, providing molecular insights into COVID-19-related neurological implications. Overall, our multi-organ single-nucleus transcriptomic survey of SARS-CoV-2-infected rhesus macaques broadens our understanding of disease features and antiviral immune defects caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, which may facilitate the development of therapeutic interventions for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenji Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tian-Zhang Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming National High-Level Biosafety Research Center for Non-Human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
| | - Zhaobo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zeyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhenxiang Hu
- LivzonBio, Inc., Zhuhai, Guangdong 519045, China
| | - Jian-Bao Han
- Kunming National High-Level Biosafety Research Center for Non-Human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming National High-Level Biosafety Research Center for Non-Human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bosong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yinuo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dan-Dan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming National High-Level Biosafety Research Center for Non-Human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
| | - Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming National High-Level Biosafety Research Center for Non-Human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China. E-mail:
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming National High-Level Biosafety Research Center for Non-Human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China. E-mail:
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China. E-mail:
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Yu D, Long Y, Xu L, Han JB, Xi J, Xu J, Yang LX, Feng XL, Zou QC, Qu W, Lin J, Li MH, Yao YG. Infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 and protection against reinfection in rats. Zool Res 2022; 43:945-948. [PMID: 36208120 PMCID: PMC9700504 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Kunming National High-Level Biosafety Research Center for Non-Human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Yanghaopeng Long
- Kunming National High-Level Biosafety Research Center for Non-Human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Kunming National High-Level Biosafety Research Center for Non-Human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Jian-Bao Han
- Kunming National High-Level Biosafety Research Center for Non-Human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
| | - Jiawei Xi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Jianlin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Lu-Xiu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Xiao-Li Feng
- Kunming National High-Level Biosafety Research Center for Non-Human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
| | - Qing-Cui Zou
- Kunming National High-Level Biosafety Research Center for Non-Human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
| | - Wang Qu
- Kunming National High-Level Biosafety Research Center for Non-Human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
| | - Jiangwei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Ming-Hua Li
- Kunming National High-Level Biosafety Research Center for Non-Human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Kunming National High-Level Biosafety Research Center for Non-Human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China. E-mail:
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Organoid Technologies for SARS-CoV-2 Research. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2022; 8:151-163. [PMID: 36313938 PMCID: PMC9589566 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-022-00220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Organoids are an emerging technology utilizing three-dimensional (3D), multi-cellular in vitro models to represent the function and physiological responses of tissues and organs. By using physiologically relevant models, more accurate tissue responses to viral infection can be observed, and effective treatments and preventive strategies can be identified. Animals and two-dimensional (2D) cell culture models occasionally result in inaccurate disease modeling outcomes. Organoids have been developed to better represent human organ and tissue systems, and accurately model tissue function and disease responses. By using organoids to study SARS-Cov-2 infection, researchers have now evaluated the viral effects on different organs and evaluate efficacy of potential treatments. The purpose of this review is to highlight organoid technologies and their ability to model SARS-Cov-2 infection and tissue responses. Recent Findings Lung, cardiac, kidney, and small intestine organoids have been examined as potential models of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lung organoid research has highlighted that SARS-CoV-2 shows preferential infection of club cells and have shown value for the rapid screening and evaluations of multiple anti-viral drugs. Kidney organoid research suggests human recombinant soluble ACE2 as a preventative measure during early-stage infection. Using small intestine organoids, fecal to oral transmission has been evaluated as a transmission route for the virus. Lastly in cardiac organoids drug evaluation studies have found that drugs such as bromodomain, external family inhibitors, BETi, and apabetalone may be effective treatments for SARs-CoV-2 cardiac injury. Summary Organoids are an effective tool to study the effects of viral infections and for drug screening and evaluation studies. By using organoids, more accurate disease modeling can be performed, and physiological effects of infection and treatment can be better understood.
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