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Grant M, Ni Lee L, Chinnakannan S, Tong O, Kwok J, Cianci N, Tillman L, Saha A, Pereira Almeida V, Leung C. Unlocking cancer vaccine potential: What are the key factors? Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2331486. [PMID: 38564321 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2331486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a global health challenge, with changing demographics and lifestyle factors producing an increasing burden worldwide. Screening advancements are enabling earlier diagnoses, but current cancer immunotherapies only induce remission in a small proportion of patients and come at a high cost. Cancer vaccines may offer a solution to these challenges, but they have been mired by poor results in past decades. Greater understanding of tumor biology, coupled with the success of vaccine technologies during the COVID-19 pandemic, has reinvigorated cancer vaccine development. With the first signs of efficacy being reported, cancer vaccines may be beginning to fulfill their potential. Solid tumors, however, present different hurdles than infectious diseases. Combining insights from previous cancer vaccine clinical development and contemporary knowledge of tumor immunology, we ask: who are the 'right' patients, what are the 'right' targets, and which are the 'right' modalities to maximize the chances of cancer vaccine success?
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Kolomba BM, Kalenga Luhembwe F, Ndala DBB, Kanku Wa Ilunga P, Ciamala Mukendi P, Ngongo Kitenge A, Ngoy Lumbule J, Kilolo Ngoy E, Umba Ilunga A, Mbidi Miema J, Mwavita CK, Mwamba GN, Wa Bene AC, Wakamba AM, Ngongo AN, Kabamba Nzaji M. Healthcare workers' willingness to receive COVID-19 booster dose and associated factors in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2357214. [PMID: 38783665 PMCID: PMC11135840 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2357214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 booster dose is considered an important adjunct for the control of the COVID-19 pandemic due to reports of reduced immunity in fully vaccinated individuals. The aims of this study were to assess healthcare workers' intention to receive the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine and to identify predictive factors among healthcare workers. A cross-sectional study was conducted among healthcare workers selected in two provinces, Kasai Oriental, and Haut-Lomami. Data were collected using a questionnaire administered through structured face-to-face interviews, with respondents using a pre-tested questionnaire set up on the Open Data Kit (ODK Collect). All data were analyzed using SPSS v26.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA). Vaccination coverage for COVID-19, considering declarations by health workers, is around 85.9% for the province of Kasai Oriental and 85.8% for Haut-Lomami. A total of 975 responses were collected, 71.4% of health workers at Kasai Oriental and 66.4% from Haut-Lomami declared a definite willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine booster. The duration of protection was the main reason for accepting a booster COVID-19 dose for 64.6% of the respondents. Logistic regression analysis showed that having chronic diseases (aOR = 2.95 [1.65-5.28]), having already received one of the COVID-19 vaccines (aOR = 2.72 [1.43-5. 19]); the belief that only high-risk individuals, such as healthcare professionals and elderly people suffering from other illnesses, needed a booster dose (aOR = 1.75 [1.10-2.81]). Considering the burden of COVID-19, a high acceptance rate for booster doses could be essential to control the pandemic. Our results are novel and could help policymakers design and implement specific COVID-19 vaccination programs to reduce reluctance to seek booster vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertin Mindje Kolomba
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kamina, Kamina, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Deca Blood Banza Ndala
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Nursing Care Section, Higher Institute of Medical Techniques of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Paul Ciamala Mukendi
- Department of Teaching and Administration in Nursing, Nursing Section, Higher Institute of Medical Techniques of Mbuji-Mayi, Mbuji-Mayi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Amide Ngongo Kitenge
- School of Public Health, University of Kamina, Kamina, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - John Ngoy Lumbule
- School of Public Health, University of Kamina, Kamina, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Elie Kilolo Ngoy
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kamina, Kamina, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Antoine Umba Ilunga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kamina, Kamina, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Judith Mbidi Miema
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kamina, Kamina, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Christelle Kalikat Mwavita
- Ministry of Health, National Expanded Program for Immunization, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic Of Congo
| | - Guillaume Ngoy Mwamba
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kamina, Kamina, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Ministry of Health, National Expanded Program for Immunization, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic Of Congo
| | - Aime Cikomola Wa Bene
- Ministry of Health, National Expanded Program for Immunization, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic Of Congo
| | - Audry Mulumba Wakamba
- Ministry of Health, National Expanded Program for Immunization, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic Of Congo
| | | | - Michel Kabamba Nzaji
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kamina, Kamina, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Ministry of Health, National Expanded Program for Immunization, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic Of Congo
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Steenackers K, Hanning N, Bruckers L, Desombere I, Marchant A, Ariën KK, Georges D, Soentjens P, D'Onofrio V, Hites M, Berens-Riha N, De Coster I, Damme PV. Humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 after adapted COVID-19 vaccine schedules in healthy adults: The IMCOVAS randomized clinical trial. Vaccine 2024; 42:126117. [PMID: 39019657 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To overcome supply issues of COVID-19 vaccines, this partially single blind, multi-centric, vaccine trial aimed to evaluate humoral immunogenicity using lower vaccine doses, intradermal vaccination, and heterologous vaccine schedules. Also, the immunity after a booster vaccination was assessed. METHODOLOGY 566 COVID-19-naïve healthy adults were randomized to 1 of 8 treatment arms consisting of combinations of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and ChAdOx1-S. Anti-Receptor-Binding Domain immunoglobulin G (RBD IgG) titers, neutralizing antibody titres, and avidity of the anti-RBD IgGs was assessed up to 1 year after study start. RESULTS Prolonging the interval between vaccinations from 28 to 84 days and the use of a heterologous BNT162b2 + mRNA-1273 vaccination schedule led to a non-inferior immune response, compared to the reference schedule. A low dose of mRNA-1273 was sufficient to induce non-inferior immunity. Non-inferiority could not be demonstrated for intradermal vaccination. For all adapted vaccination schedules, anti-RBD IgG titres measured after a first booster vaccination were non-inferior to their reference schedule. CONCLUSION This study suggests that reference vaccine schedules can be adapted without jeopardizing the development of an adequate immune response. Immunity after a booster vaccination did not depend on the dose or brand of the booster vaccine, which is relevant for future booster campaigns. The trial is registered in the European Union Clinical Trials Register (number 2021-001993-52) and on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT06189040).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Steenackers
- Centre for Evaluation of Vaccination, University of Antwerp, Drie Eikenstraat 663, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Nikita Hanning
- Centre for Evaluation of Vaccination, University of Antwerp, Drie Eikenstraat 663, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Bruckers
- Data Science Institute, UHasselt, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Desombere
- Laboratory Immune Response, Department of Infectious Diseases in Humans, Sciensano, Rue Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Marchant
- European Plotkin Institute for Vaccinology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Rte de Lennik 900, 1070 Anderlecht, Belgium
| | - Kevin K Ariën
- Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Daphnée Georges
- European Plotkin Institute for Vaccinology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Rte de Lennik 900, 1070 Anderlecht, Belgium; Laboratory of Enzymology and Protein Folding, Centre for Protein Engineering, InBioS, University of Liège, Bât.B6c Quartier Agora, allée du six Août 11, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Patrick Soentjens
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Kronenburgstraat 43, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Valentino D'Onofrio
- Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maya Hites
- Université libre de Bruxelles, Av. Franklin Roosevelt 50, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium; Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Nicole Berens-Riha
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Kronenburgstraat 43, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ilse De Coster
- Centre for Evaluation of Vaccination, University of Antwerp, Drie Eikenstraat 663, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Damme
- Centre for Evaluation of Vaccination, University of Antwerp, Drie Eikenstraat 663, 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
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Augello M, Wagenhäuser I, Krone M, Dauby N, Ferrara P, Sabbatucci M, Ruta S, Rezahosseini O, Velikov P, Gkrania-Klotsas E, Montes J, Franco-Paredes C, Goodman AL, Küçükkaya S, Tuells J, Harboe ZB, Epaulard O. Should SARS-CoV-2 serological testing be used in the decision to deliver a COVID-19 vaccine booster? A pro-con assessment. Vaccine 2024; 42:126184. [PMID: 39097440 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has saved millions of lives in the past few years. To maintain a high level of protection, particularly in at-risk populations, booster doses are recommended to counter the waning of circulating antibody levels over time and the continuous emergence of immune escape variants of concern (VOCs). As anti-spike serology is now widely available, it may be considered a useful tool to identify individuals needing an additional vaccine dose, i.e., to screen certain populations to identify those whose plasma antibody levels are too low to provide protection. However, no recommendations are currently available on this topic. We reviewed the relevant supporting and opposing arguments, including areas of uncertainty, and concluded that in most populations, spike serology should not be used to decide about the administration of a booster dose. The main counterarguments are as follows: correlates of protection are imperfectly characterised, essentially owing to the emergence of VOCs; spike serology has an intrinsic inability to comprehensively reflect the whole immune memory; and booster vaccines are now VOC-adapted, while the commonly available commercial serological assays explore antibodies against the original virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Augello
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabell Wagenhäuser
- University Hospital Würzburg, Infection Control and Antimicrobial Stewardship Unit, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Krone
- University Hospital Würzburg, Infection Control and Antimicrobial Stewardship Unit, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Dauby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Environmental health and occupational health, School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussel, Belgium
| | - Pietro Ferrara
- Center for Public Health Research, University of Milan - Bicocca, Monza, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Laboratory of Public Health, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Simona Ruta
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Stefan S Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Omid Rezahosseini
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Petar Velikov
- Clinic for Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Infectious Disease Hospital "Prof. Ivan Kirov", Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Global Public Health, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Jose Montes
- Investigación en Resistencia Antibiótica (INVERA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Fundación del Centro de Estudios Infectológicos (FUNCEI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Franco-Paredes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA; Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anna L Goodman
- Centre for Infection Diagnostics research, Department of Infection at at King's College London and Guys' and St Thomas NHS Foundation trust, London, UK
| | - Sertaç Küçükkaya
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jose Tuells
- Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e historia de la ciencia, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Olivier Epaulard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Infectiologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
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Bochnia-Bueno L, Coelho GM, Cataneo AHD, Zanluca C, Ferreira LH, Cavalcanti LPDG, Clementino MADF, Yaochite JNU, Dos Santos HG, Nogueira MB, Duarte Dos Santos CN, Raboni SM. Assessment of immune responses to a Comirnaty® booster following CoronaVac® vaccination in healthcare workers. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2024; 119:e230239. [PMID: 39258622 PMCID: PMC11385826 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760230239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunological response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and immunisation is variable. OBJECTIVES To describe the humoral immune response by correlating IgA and IgG antibodies with NAbs titration following CoronaVac® immunisation and an mRNA (Comirnaty®) booster among healthcare workers (HCWs) and to compare the cytokine and interleukin profiles between HCWs vaccinated with CoronaVac and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infected patients. METHODS Samples from 133 HCWs collected at 20 (T1) and 90 (T2) days after CoronaVac immunisation and 15 (T3) days after a booster dose with the Comirnaty vaccine were analysed for IgA and IgG EIA and neutralisation assay. Cytokine levels from vaccinated individuals at T1 day and COVID-19 patients were compared. FINDINGS Neutralising antibodies (NAbs) were observed in 81.7% of participants at T1, but only 49.2% maintained detectable NAbs after 90 days. The booster dose increased NAbs response in all participants. The cytokines with the highest levels post-vaccination were IL-6 and MCP-1. The MCP-1, IL-18, and IFN- γ levels were higher in COVID-19 patients than in vaccinated HCWs, while IL-22 levels increased in the vaccinated HCWs group. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The neutralisation titres in the T2 samples decreased, and antibody levels detected at T2 showed a more significant reduction than the neutralisation. The higher IL-22 expression in immunised individuals compared to those with COVID-19 suggests that IL-22 may be beneficial in protecting against severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Bochnia-Bueno
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Laboratório de Virologia, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Mattoso Coelho
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | | | - Camila Zanluca
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Laura Holtman Ferreira
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Laboratório de Virologia, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | | | | | - Juliana Navarro Ueda Yaochite
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | | | - Meri Bordignon Nogueira
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Laboratório de Virologia, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | | | - Sonia Mara Raboni
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Laboratório de Virologia, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
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Møller M, Friis-Hansen L, Kirkby N, Dilling-Hansen C, Andersson M, Vedsted P, Mølbak K, Koch A. Robust immune response to COVID-19 vaccination in the island population of Greenland. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2024; 4:173. [PMID: 39242878 PMCID: PMC11379896 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-024-00602-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Greenland, the COVID-19 pandemic was characterised by a late onset of community transmission and a low impact on the healthcare system, hypothesised as being partly due to a high uptake of vaccinations. To underpin this description, we aimed to assess the SARS-CoV-2 immune response post-vaccination in a Greenlandic population. METHODS In this observational cohort study, we included 430 adults in Greenland who had received a complete two-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccination at enrolment. The total plasma SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein Ig antibodies (S-Ab) induced by either the BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccine, was measured up to 11 months after the second vaccine dose. In addition, total salivary S-Abs were examined in 107 participants, and the T-cell response to the spike glycoprotein was assessed in 78 participants out of the entire study cohort. RESULTS Here we demonstrate that two months after the second vaccine dose, 96% of participants have protective plasma S-Ab levels. By 11 months, 98% have protective levels, with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection particularly enhancing S-Ab levels by 37% (95% CI 25-51%). Among individuals aged 60 years and older, we observe a 21% (95% CI 7-33%) reduction in antibody response. Total salivary S-Ab levels are detectable in all participants and significantly correlate with plasma levels. Moreover, all participants exhibit a robust SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell response 11 months post-primary vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that Greenlanders exhibit a robust and lasting immune response, both humoral and cellular, comparable to other population groups up to at least 11 months after the second vaccine dose. These results corroborate the hypothesis that vaccines contributed to the mild impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Greenlandic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Møller
- Institue of Health and Nature, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland.
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Queen Ingrid's Hospital, Nuuk, Greenland.
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lennart Friis-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikolai Kirkby
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Mikael Andersson
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Vedsted
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
- Ilulissat Regional Hospital, Ilulissat, Greenland
| | - Kåre Mølbak
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Koch
- Institue of Health and Nature, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Queen Ingrid's Hospital, Nuuk, Greenland
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Seong H, Yoon JG, Nham E, Choi YJ, Noh JY, Cheong HJ, Kim WJ, Kim EH, Kim C, Han YH, Lim S, Song JY. The gut microbiota modifies antibody durability and booster responses after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. J Transl Med 2024; 22:827. [PMID: 39242525 PMCID: PMC11380214 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05637-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines are pivotal in combating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, the declining antibody titers postvaccination pose challenges for sustained protection and herd immunity. Although gut microbiome is reported to affect the early antibody response after vaccination, its impact on the longevity of vaccine-induced antibodies remains unexplored. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted involving 44 healthy adults who received two doses of either the BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 vaccine, followed by a BNT162b2 booster at six months. The gut microbiome was serially analyzed using 16S rRNA and shotgun sequencing, while humoral immune response was assessed using a SARS-CoV-2 spike protein immunoassay. RESULTS Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was associated with robust and persistent antibody responses post-BNT162b2 vaccination. In comparison, Escherichia coli was associated with a slower antibody decay following ChAdOx1 vaccination. The booster immune response was correlated with metabolic pathways involving cellular functions and aromatic amino acid synthesis. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study underscored the potential interaction between the gut microbiome and the longevity/boosting effect of antibodies following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. The identification of specific microbial associations suggests the prospect of microbiome-based strategies for enhancing vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Seong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Gurodong-Ro 148, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
- Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Gurodong-Ro 148, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
- Vaccine Innovation Center-KU Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Gu Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Gurodong-Ro 148, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
- Vaccine Innovation Center-KU Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eliel Nham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Gurodong-Ro 148, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
- Vaccine Innovation Center-KU Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jung Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Gurodong-Ro 148, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
- Vaccine Innovation Center-KU Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Noh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Gurodong-Ro 148, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
- Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Gurodong-Ro 148, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
- Vaccine Innovation Center-KU Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cheong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Gurodong-Ro 148, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
- Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Gurodong-Ro 148, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
- Vaccine Innovation Center-KU Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Joo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Gurodong-Ro 148, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
- Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Gurodong-Ro 148, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
- Vaccine Innovation Center-KU Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Ho Kim
- Viral Immunology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulwoo Kim
- Vaccine Innovation Center-KU Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hee Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeon Lim
- Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Gurodong-Ro 148, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
- Vaccine Innovation Center-KU Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joon Young Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Gurodong-Ro 148, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
- Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Gurodong-Ro 148, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
- Vaccine Innovation Center-KU Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Park JK, Davies B. Rationing, Responsibility, and Vaccination during COVID-19: A Conceptual Map. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS : AJOB 2024; 24:66-79. [PMID: 37104661 PMCID: PMC11248994 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2023.2201188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, shortages of scarce healthcare resources consistently presented significant moral and practical challenges. While the importance of vaccines as a key pharmaceutical intervention to stem pandemic scarcity was widely publicized, a sizable proportion of the population chose not to vaccinate. In response, some have defended the use of vaccination status as a criterion for the allocation of scarce medical resources. In this paper, we critically interpret this burgeoning literature, and describe a framework for thinking about vaccine-sensitive resource allocation using the values of responsibility, reciprocity, and justice. Although our aim here is not to defend a single view of vaccine-sensitive resource allocation, we believe that attending critically with the diversity of arguments in favor (and against) vaccine-sensitivity reveals a number of questions that a vaccine-sensitive approach to allocation should answer in future pandemics.
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Macdonald C, Palmateer N, McAuley A, Lindsay L, Hasan T, Hameed SS, Hall E, Jeffrey K, Grange Z, Gousias P, Mavin S, Jarvis L, Cameron JC, Daines L, Tibble H, Simpson CR, McCowan C, Katikireddi SV, Rudan I, Fagbamigbe AF, Ritchie L, Swallow B, Moss P, Robertson C, Sheikh A, Murray J. Association between antibody responses post-vaccination and severe COVID-19 outcomes in Scotland. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:107. [PMID: 38877008 PMCID: PMC11178861 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00898-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Several population-level studies have described individual clinical risk factors associated with suboptimal antibody responses following COVID-19 vaccination, but none have examined multimorbidity. Others have shown that suboptimal post-vaccination responses offer reduced protection to subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, the level of protection from COVID-19 hospitalisation/death remains unconfirmed. We use national Scottish datasets to investigate the association between multimorbidity and testing antibody-negative, examining the correlation between antibody levels and subsequent COVID-19 hospitalisation/death among double-vaccinated individuals. We found that individuals with multimorbidity ( ≥ five conditions) were more likely to test antibody-negative post-vaccination and 13.37 [6.05-29.53] times more likely to be hospitalised/die from COVID-19 than individuals without conditions. We also show a dose-dependent association between post-vaccination antibody levels and COVID-19 hospitalisation or death, with those with undetectable antibody levels at a significantly higher risk (HR 9.21 [95% CI 4.63-18.29]) of these serious outcomes compared to those with high antibody levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum Macdonald
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Pl, EH8 9AG, Edinburgh, UK.
- Health Data Research UK, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, NW1 2BE, London, UK.
| | - Norah Palmateer
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens, Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, UK.
- Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, G2 6QE, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Andrew McAuley
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens, Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, UK
- Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, G2 6QE, Glasgow, UK
| | - Laura Lindsay
- Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, G2 6QE, Glasgow, UK
| | - Taimoor Hasan
- Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, G2 6QE, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Elliot Hall
- Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, G2 6QE, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karen Jeffrey
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Pl, EH8 9AG, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Zoë Grange
- Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, G2 6QE, Glasgow, UK
| | - Petros Gousias
- Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, G2 6QE, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sally Mavin
- Scottish Microbiology Reference Laboratory, Raigmore Hospital, Old Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3UJ, UK
| | - Lisa Jarvis
- Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Jack Copland Centre, 52 Research Avenue North, EH14 4BE, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Claire Cameron
- Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, G2 6QE, Glasgow, UK
| | - Luke Daines
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Pl, EH8 9AG, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Holly Tibble
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Pl, EH8 9AG, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Colin R Simpson
- School of Health, Wellington Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Colin McCowan
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK
| | - Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi
- Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, G2 6QE, Glasgow, UK
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow Berkeley Square, 99 Berkeley St., G3 7HR, Glasgow, UK
| | - Igor Rudan
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Pl, EH8 9AG, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill Rd, AB25 2ZD, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Lewis Ritchie
- Centre of Academic Primary Care, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill Rd, AB25 2ZD, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ben Swallow
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, KY16 9SS, St Andrews, UK
| | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Cancer Sciences Building, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Chris Robertson
- Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, G2 6QE, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Richmond Street Glasgow, G1 1XH, Glasgow, UK
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Pl, EH8 9AG, Edinburgh, UK
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6GG, Oxford, UK
| | - Josie Murray
- Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, G2 6QE, Glasgow, UK
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK
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10
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Mitul MT, Kastenschmidt JM, Sureshchandra S, Wagoner ZW, Sorn AM, Mcllwain DR, Hernandez-Davies JE, Jain A, de Assis R, Trask D, Davies DH, Wagar LE. Tissue-specific sex differences in pediatric and adult immune cell composition and function. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1373537. [PMID: 38812520 PMCID: PMC11133680 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1373537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Sex-based differences in immune cell composition and function can contribute to distinct adaptive immune responses. Prior work has quantified these differences in peripheral blood, but little is known about sex differences within human lymphoid tissues. Here, we characterized the composition and phenotypes of adaptive immune cells from male and female ex vivo tonsils and evaluated their responses to influenza antigens using an immune organoid approach. In a pediatric cohort, female tonsils had more memory B cells compared to male tonsils direct ex vivo and after stimulation with live-attenuated but not inactivated vaccine, produced higher influenza-specific antibody responses. Sex biases were also observed in adult tonsils but were different from those measured in children. Analysis of peripheral blood immune cells from in vivo vaccinated adults also showed higher frequencies of tissue homing CD4 T cells in female participants. Together, our data demonstrate that distinct memory B and T cell profiles are present in male vs. female lymphoid tissues and peripheral blood respectively and suggest that these differences may in part explain sex biases in response to vaccines and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahina Tabassum Mitul
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Center for Virus Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jenna M. Kastenschmidt
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Center for Virus Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Suhas Sureshchandra
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Center for Virus Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Zachary W. Wagoner
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Center for Virus Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Andrew M. Sorn
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Center for Virus Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - David R. Mcllwain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Jenny E. Hernandez-Davies
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Center for Virus Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Aarti Jain
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Rafael de Assis
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Douglas Trask
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - D. Huw Davies
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Center for Virus Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Lisa E. Wagar
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Center for Virus Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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11
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Nakamura N, Kobashi Y, Kim KS, Park H, Tani Y, Shimazu Y, Zhao T, Nishikawa Y, Omata F, Kawashima M, Yoshida M, Abe T, Saito Y, Senoo Y, Nonaka S, Takita M, Yamamoto C, Kawamura T, Sugiyama A, Nakayama A, Kaneko Y, Jeong YD, Tatematsu D, Akao M, Sato Y, Iwanami S, Fujita Y, Wakui M, Aihara K, Kodama T, Shibuya K, Iwami S, Tsubokura M. Modeling and predicting individual variation in COVID-19 vaccine-elicited antibody response in the general population. PLOS DIGITAL HEALTH 2024; 3:e0000497. [PMID: 38701055 PMCID: PMC11068210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
As we learned during the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines are one of the most important tools in infectious disease control. To date, an unprecedentedly large volume of high-quality data on COVID-19 vaccinations have been accumulated. For preparedness in future pandemics beyond COVID-19, these valuable datasets should be analyzed to best shape an effective vaccination strategy. We are collecting longitudinal data from a community-based cohort in Fukushima, Japan, that consists of 2,407 individuals who underwent serum sampling two or three times after a two-dose vaccination with either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273. Using the individually reconstructed time courses of the vaccine-elicited antibody response based on mathematical modeling, we first identified basic demographic and health information that contributed to the main features of the antibody dynamics, i.e., the peak, the duration, and the area under the curve. We showed that these three features of antibody dynamics were partially explained by underlying medical conditions, adverse reactions to vaccinations, and medications, consistent with the findings of previous studies. We then applied to these factors a recently proposed computational method to optimally fit an "antibody score", which resulted in an integer-based score that can be used as a basis for identifying individuals with higher or lower antibody titers from basic demographic and health information. The score can be easily calculated by individuals themselves or by medical practitioners. Although the sensitivity of this score is currently not very high, in the future, as more data become available, it has the potential to identify vulnerable populations and encourage them to get booster vaccinations. Our mathematical model can be extended to any kind of vaccination and therefore can form a basis for policy decisions regarding the distribution of booster vaccines to strengthen immunity in future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naotoshi Nakamura
- interdisciplinary Biology Laboratory (iBLab), Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yurie Kobashi
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hirata Central Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kwang Su Kim
- interdisciplinary Biology Laboratory (iBLab), Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Science System Simulation, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
- Department of Mathematics, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyeongki Park
- interdisciplinary Biology Laboratory (iBLab), Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuta Tani
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuzo Shimazu
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tianchen Zhao
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nishikawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hirata Central Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Fumiya Omata
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hirata Central Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Moe Kawashima
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | - Toshiki Abe
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Senoo
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saori Nonaka
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Morihito Takita
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Chika Yamamoto
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawamura
- Proteomics Laboratory, Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Sugiyama
- Proteomics Laboratory, Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Nakayama
- Proteomics Laboratory, Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yudai Kaneko
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Medical & Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yong Dam Jeong
- interdisciplinary Biology Laboratory (iBLab), Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Mathematics, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Daiki Tatematsu
- interdisciplinary Biology Laboratory (iBLab), Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Marwa Akao
- interdisciplinary Biology Laboratory (iBLab), Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sato
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shoya Iwanami
- interdisciplinary Biology Laboratory (iBLab), Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Fujita
- interdisciplinary Biology Laboratory (iBLab), Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Wakui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Aihara
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence, The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Shibuya
- Soma Medical Center of Vaccination for COVID-19, Fukushima, Japan
- Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Iwami
- interdisciplinary Biology Laboratory (iBLab), Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Mathematics for Industry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences Program (iTHEMS), RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
- NEXT-Ganken Program, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan
- Science Groove Inc., Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaharu Tsubokura
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hirata Central Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
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12
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Yu Y, Knight MJ, Gibson D, O’Brien SF, Buckeridge DL, Russell WA. Temporal trends in disparities in COVID-19 seropositivity among Canadian blood donors. Int J Epidemiol 2024; 53:dyae078. [PMID: 38840559 PMCID: PMC11153835 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Canada's largest COVID-19 serological study, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in blood donors have been monitored since 2020. No study has analysed changes in the association between anti-N seropositivity (a marker of recent infection) and geographic and sociodemographic characteristics over the pandemic. METHODS Using Bayesian multi-level models with spatial effects at the census division level, we analysed changes in correlates of SARS-CoV-2 anti-N seropositivity across three periods in which different variants predominated (pre-Delta, Delta and Omicron). We analysed disparities by geographic area, individual traits (age, sex, race) and neighbourhood factors (urbanicity, material deprivation and social deprivation). Data were from 420 319 blood donations across four regions (Ontario, British Columbia [BC], the Prairies and the Atlantic region) from December 2020 to November 2022. RESULTS Seropositivity was higher for racialized minorities, males and individuals in more materially deprived neighbourhoods in the pre-Delta and Delta waves. These subgroup differences dissipated in the Omicron wave as large swaths of the population became infected. Across all waves, seropositivity was higher in younger individuals and those with lower neighbourhood social deprivation. Rural residents had high seropositivity in the Prairies, but not other regions. Compared to generalized linear models, multi-level models with spatial effects had better fit and lower error when predicting SARS-CoV-2 anti-N seropositivity by geographic region. CONCLUSIONS Correlates of recent COVID-19 infection have evolved over the pandemic. Many disparities lessened during the Omicron wave, but public health intervention may be warranted to address persistently higher burden among young people and those with less social deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yu
- School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Matthew J Knight
- School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Diana Gibson
- School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sheila F O’Brien
- Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - David L Buckeridge
- School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- COVID-19 Immunity Task Force, Montreal, Canada
| | - W Alton Russell
- School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- COVID-19 Immunity Task Force, Montreal, Canada
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13
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Mahan K, Kiel S, Freese R, Marka N, Dunitz J, Billings J. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG in people with cystic fibrosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27567. [PMID: 38501003 PMCID: PMC10945179 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background When the first known US case of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) was reported in early 2020, little was known about the impact of this novel virus on the cystic fibrosis community. As the majority of individuals with CF have chronic lung disease, this population was initially considered to be at high risk for severe disease as infection with a multitude of viruses has proven to cause pulmonary exacerbation. SARS-CoV-2 virus has proven challenging to study given the multiple disease manifestations, range of severity, and wave-like phenomenon that varies geographically. People with CF who become infected with COVID-19 can be asymptomatic or have symptoms ranging from mild cough and congestion to full respiratory failure, similar to the manifestations seen in non-CF individuals. By studying the seroprevalence, clinical course, and antibody durability due to COVID-19 and vaccinations, we will be better equipped to provide appropriate and informed care to people with CF. Methods Between July 2020 and April 2021 we enrolled 123 people with CF (pwCF) who receive care at the MN CF Center. We monitored their serology every 6 months for SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins (nucleocapsid and spike IgG) for evidence of natural and induced immunity. Medication use, pulmonary function, exacerbation history, and hospitalizations were extracted via electronic medical record (EMR). Results 84% (101/120) of enrolled participants were vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 during the study. Eighty three percent of the cohort showed evidence of either natural or induced "immunity." The average duration of antibody from induced immunity in participants was 6.1 months and from natural immunity was 7.4 months with an overall average duration of antibody of 6.8 months. Earliest antibody detected was 12 days after a single dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine and antibody was detectable across a span of 13 months. Eleven percent of vaccinated individuals did not have measurable IgG. 36% of non-responders (NRs) were solid organ transplant patients on chronic immunosuppressive therapy. Only 3 people within this cohort were hospitalized due to COVID pneumonia and all three survived. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report on the seroprevalence and longevity of SARS-CoV-2 IgG to 1 year in adults with CF after the widespread availability of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations. These data show that pwCF respond to the COVID vaccination and produce long-lasting antibodies similar to the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Mahan
- University of Minnesota, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, USA
| | - Sarah Kiel
- University of Minnesota, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, USA
| | - Rebecca Freese
- Biostatistical Design and Analysis Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Nicholas Marka
- Biostatistical Design and Analysis Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Jordan Dunitz
- University of Minnesota, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, USA
| | - Joanne Billings
- University of Minnesota, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, USA
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14
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Levy ME, Yang D, Dunne MM, Miley K, Irving SA, Grannis SJ, Weber ZA, Griggs EP, Spark TL, Bassett E, Embi PJ, Gaglani M, Natarajan K, Valvi NR, Ong TC, Naleway AL, Stenehjem E, Klein NP, Link‐Gelles R, DeSilva MB, Kharbanda AB, Raiyani C, Beaton MA, Dixon BE, Rao S, Dascomb K, Patel P, Mamawala M, Han J, Fadel WF, Barron MA, Grisel N, Dickerson M, Liao I, Arndorfer J, Najdowski M, Murthy K, Ray C, Tenforde MW, Ball SW. Risk of COVID-19 Hospitalization and Protection Associated With mRNA Vaccination Among US Adults With Psychiatric Disorders. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2024; 18:e13269. [PMID: 38494192 PMCID: PMC10944689 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although psychiatric disorders have been associated with reduced immune responses to other vaccines, it remains unknown whether they influence COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE). This study evaluated risk of COVID-19 hospitalization and estimated mRNA VE stratified by psychiatric disorder status. METHODS In a retrospective cohort analysis of the VISION Network in four US states, the rate of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19-associated hospitalization between December 2021 and August 2022 was compared across psychiatric diagnoses and by monovalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccination status using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS Among 2,436,999 adults, 22.1% had ≥1 psychiatric disorder. The incidence of COVID-19-associated hospitalization was higher among patients with any versus no psychiatric disorder (394 vs. 156 per 100,000 person-years, p < 0.001). Any psychiatric disorder (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.27; 95% CI, 1.18-1.37) and mood (aHR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.15-1.36), anxiety (aHR, 1.33, 95% CI, 1.22-1.45), and psychotic (aHR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.14-1.74) disorders were each significant independent predictors of hospitalization. Among patients with any psychiatric disorder, aHRs for the association between vaccination and hospitalization were 0.35 (95% CI, 0.25-0.49) after a recent second dose, 0.08 (95% CI, 0.06-0.11) after a recent third dose, and 0.33 (95% CI, 0.17-0.66) after a recent fourth dose, compared to unvaccinated patients. Corresponding VE estimates were 65%, 92%, and 67%, respectively, and were similar among patients with no psychiatric disorder (68%, 92%, and 79%). CONCLUSION Psychiatric disorders were associated with increased risk of COVID-19-associated hospitalization. However, mRNA vaccination provided similar protection regardless of psychiatric disorder status, highlighting its benefit for individuals with psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shaun J. Grannis
- Center for Biomedical InformaticsRegenstrief InstituteIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- School of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | | | - Eric P. Griggs
- Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory DiseasesCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | | | - Peter J. Embi
- Center for Biomedical InformaticsRegenstrief InstituteIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Manjusha Gaglani
- Baylor Scott & White HealthTempleTexasUSA
- Texas A&M University College of MedicineTempleTexasUSA
| | - Karthik Natarajan
- Department of Biomedical InformaticsColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- New York Presbyterian HospitalNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Nimish R. Valvi
- Center for Biomedical InformaticsRegenstrief InstituteIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Toan C. Ong
- School of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | | | - Edward Stenehjem
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical EpidemiologyIntermountain HealthcareSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Nicola P. Klein
- Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study CenterKaiser Permanente Northern California Division of ResearchOaklandCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ruth Link‐Gelles
- Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory DiseasesCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | | | | | - Maura A. Beaton
- Department of Biomedical InformaticsColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Brian E. Dixon
- Center for Biomedical InformaticsRegenstrief InstituteIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Fairbanks School of Public HealthIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Suchitra Rao
- School of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Kristin Dascomb
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical EpidemiologyIntermountain HealthcareSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Palak Patel
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory DiseasesCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Jungmi Han
- Department of Biomedical InformaticsColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - William F. Fadel
- Center for Biomedical InformaticsRegenstrief InstituteIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Fairbanks School of Public HealthIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Michelle A. Barron
- School of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Nancy Grisel
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical EpidemiologyIntermountain HealthcareSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Monica Dickerson
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory DiseasesCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Julie Arndorfer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical EpidemiologyIntermountain HealthcareSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Morgan Najdowski
- Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory DiseasesCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Caitlin Ray
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory DiseasesCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Mark W. Tenforde
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory DiseasesCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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15
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Usai C, Ainsua-Enrich E, Gales VU, Pradenas E, Lorca-Oró C, Tarrés-Freixas F, Roca N, Pérez M, Ávila-Nieto C, Rodríguez de la Concepción ML, Pedreño-Lopez N, Carabelli J, Trinité B, Ballana E, Riveira-Muñoz E, Izquierdo-Useros N, Clotet B, Blanco J, Guallar V, Cantero G, Vergara-Alert J, Carrillo J, Segalés J. Immunisation efficacy of a stabilised SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein in two geriatric animal models. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:48. [PMID: 38413645 PMCID: PMC10899648 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00840-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Age is associated with reduced efficacy of vaccines and linked to higher risk of severe COVID-19. Here we determined the impact of ageing on the efficacy of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on a stabilised Spike glycoprotein (S-29) that had previously shown high efficacy in young animals. Thirteen to 18-month-old golden Syrian hamsters (GSH) and 22-23-month-old K18-hCAE2 mice were immunised twice with S-29 protein in AddaVaxTM adjuvant. GSH were intranasally inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 either two weeks or four months after the booster dose, while all K18-hACE2 mice were intranasally inoculated two weeks after the second immunisation. Body weight and clinical signs were recorded daily post-inoculation. Lesions and viral load were investigated in different target tissues. Immunisation induced seroconversion and production of neutralising antibodies; however, animals were only partially protected from weight loss. We observed a significant reduction in the amount of viral RNA and a faster viral protein clearance in the tissues of immunized animals. Infectious particles showed a faster decay in vaccinated animals while tissue lesion development was not altered. In GSH, the shortest interval between immunisation and inoculation reduced RNA levels in the lungs, while the longest interval was equally effective in reducing RNA in nasal turbinates; viral nucleoprotein amount decreased in both tissues. In mice, immunisation was able to improve the survival of infected animals. Despite the high protection shown in young animals, S-29 efficacy was reduced in the geriatric population. Our research highlights the importance of testing vaccine efficacy in older animals as part of preclinical vaccine evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Usai
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, CReSA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Cristina Lorca-Oró
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, CReSA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ferran Tarrés-Freixas
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, CReSA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Núria Roca
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, CReSA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mónica Pérez
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, CReSA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nuria Izquierdo-Useros
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruit, Badalona, Spain
- CIBERINFEC. ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
- CIBERINFEC. ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic - UCC), Vic, Catalonia, Spain
- Fundació Lluita contra les Infeccions, Badalona, Spain
| | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruit, Badalona, Spain
- CIBERINFEC. ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic - UCC), Vic, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Victor Guallar
- Life Science Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Cantero
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, CReSA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Júlia Vergara-Alert
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, CReSA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jorge Carrillo
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruit, Badalona, Spain.
- CIBERINFEC. ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain.
- Department de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.
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16
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Tariverdi M, Mohammadi H, Hassanzadeh F, Tamaddondar M. Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies pre- and post-COVID-19 vaccination in staff members of Bandar Abbas Children's Hospital. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:253. [PMID: 38395759 PMCID: PMC10893658 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08863-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare workers (HCWs) have a higher risk of contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared to the general population due to their frontline role and direct contact with the infected patients. Accordingly, they were among the first groups to receive vaccination against COVID-19. A higher risk of COVID-19 infection may also exist among hospital staff members other than HCWs. In this study, we assessed the seroprevalence of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG pre- and post-COVID-19 vaccination in hospital staff members. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 228 staff members of Bandar Abbas Children's Hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran, who were recruited from 2020 to 2021. Staff members were vaccinated with vector and inactivated vaccines. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG was measured in their blood samples pre- and post-COVID-19 vaccination. RESULTS Of the 228 hospital staff members evaluated in this study (mean age: 37.59 ± 8.70 years), 204 (89.5%) were female and 210 (92.1%) were HCWs. Only one staff member was not vaccinated, the rest received one dose (99.6%), and 224 (98.7%) two doses. Vector vaccines were administered to 71.4% of staff members and 72.9% of HCWs. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody was positive in 8.8% of staff members before vaccination, 9.3% after the first dose, and 50% after the second dose. The corresponding percentages were 9.5%, 9.5%, and 48.8% in HCWs. Being a HCW was not associated with the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG after the second dose; however, multivariable binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the interval between two vaccine doses (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.595, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.434; 0.816, P = 0.001) and age (aOR = 1.062, 95% CI 1.021; 1.105, P = 0.003) were associated with seroprevalence. CONCLUSIONS After receiving a second dose of vector or inactive virus vaccines, our hospital's staff members and HCWs had a seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies of around 50%. Seroprevalence increased with increasing age and shorter intervals between doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Tariverdi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Hossein Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Farideh Hassanzadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Research Development Center of Children's Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Science, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mohammad Tamaddondar
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Medicine, Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
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17
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Cavalera S, Di Nardo F, Serra T, Testa V, Baggiani C, Rosati S, Colitti B, Brienza L, Colasanto I, Nogarol C, Cosseddu D, Guiotto C, Anfossi L. A semi-quantitative visual lateral flow immunoassay for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection for the follow-up of immune response to vaccination or recovery. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:2139-2149. [PMID: 38315042 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02895j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) technique is largely employed for the point-of-care detection of antibodies especially for revealing the immune response in serum. Visual LFIAs usually provide the qualitative yes/no detection of antibodies, while quantification requires some equipment, making the assay more expensive and complicated. To achieve visual semi-quantification, the alignment of several lines (made of the same antigen) along a LFIA strip has been proposed. The numbering of the reacting lines has been used to correlate with the quantity of some biomarkers in serum. Here, we designed the first semiquantitative LFIA for detecting antibodies and applied it to classify the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 raised by vaccination or natural infection. We used a recombinant spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) as the specific capture reagent to draw two test lines. The detection reagent was selected among three possible ligands that are able to bind to anti-spike human antibodies: the same RBD, staphylococcal protein A, and anti-human immunoglobulin G antibodies. The most convenient detector, adsorbed on gold nanoparticles, was chosen based on the highest correlation with an antibody titre of 171 human sera, measured by a reference serological method, and was the RBD (Spearman's rho = 0.84). Incorporated into the semiquantitative LFIA, it confirmed the ability to discriminate high- and low-titre samples and to classify them into two classes (Dunn's test, P < 0.05). The proposed approach enabled the semiquantification of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 by the unaided eye observation, thus overcoming the requirement of costly and complicated equipment, and represents a general strategy for the development of semiquantitative serological LFIAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cavalera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, Turin, Italy.
| | - Fabio Di Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, Turin, Italy.
| | - Thea Serra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, Turin, Italy.
| | - Valentina Testa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, Turin, Italy.
| | - Claudio Baggiani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, Turin, Italy.
| | - Sergio Rosati
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Barbara Colitti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Ludovica Brienza
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Irene Colasanto
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Chiara Nogarol
- In3diagnostic srl, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Domenico Cosseddu
- A.O. Ordine Mauriziano, Ospedale Umberto I di Torino, Via Magellano 1, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Guiotto
- A.O. Ordine Mauriziano, Ospedale Umberto I di Torino, Via Magellano 1, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Anfossi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, Turin, Italy.
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18
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Kim JS, Sun Y, Balte P, Cushman M, Boyle R, Tracy RP, Styer LM, Bell TD, Anderson MR, Allen NB, Schreiner PJ, Bowler RP, Schwartz DA, Lee JS, Xanthakis V, Doyle MF, Regan EA, Make BJ, Kanaya AM, Wenzel SE, Coresh J, Isasi CR, Raffield LM, Elkind MSV, Howard VJ, Ortega VE, Woodruff P, Cole SA, Henderson JM, Mantis NJ, Parker MM, Demmer RT, Oelsner EC. Demographic and Clinical Factors Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1 Antibody Response Among Vaccinated US Adults: the C4R Study. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1492. [PMID: 38374032 PMCID: PMC10876680 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates correlates of anti-S1 antibody response following COVID-19 vaccination in a U.S. population-based meta-cohort of adults participating in longstanding NIH-funded cohort studies. Anti-S1 antibodies were measured from dried blood spots collected between February 2021-August 2022 using Luminex-based microsphere immunoassays. Of 6245 participants, mean age was 73 years (range, 21-100), 58% were female, and 76% were non-Hispanic White. Nearly 52% of participants received the BNT162b2 vaccine and 48% received the mRNA-1273 vaccine. Lower anti-S1 antibody levels are associated with age of 65 years or older, male sex, higher body mass index, smoking, diabetes, COPD and receipt of BNT16b2 vaccine (vs mRNA-1273). Participants with a prior infection, particularly those with a history of hospitalized illness, have higher anti-S1 antibody levels. These results suggest that adults with certain socio-demographic and clinical characteristics may have less robust antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccination and could be prioritized for more frequent re-vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yifei Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pallavi Balte
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Rebekah Boyle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Linda M Styer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Taison D Bell
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Norrina B Allen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pamela J Schreiner
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Russell P Bowler
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - David A Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joyce S Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vanessa Xanthakis
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Margaret F Doyle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Barry J Make
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Alka M Kanaya
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Department of Medicine, Department of Immunology, and Department of Environmental Medicine and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mitchell S V Elkind
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Virginia J Howard
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Victor E Ortega
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Prescott Woodruff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shelley A Cole
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Joel M Henderson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Mantis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Monica M Parker
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Ryan T Demmer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Elizabeth C Oelsner
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
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19
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Monroe JM, Quach HQ, Punia S, Enninga EAL, Fedyshyn Y, Girsch JH, Fedyshyn B, Lemens M, Littlefield D, Behl S, Sintim-Aboagye E, Mejia Plazas MC, Yamaoka S, Ebihara H, Pandey A, Correia C, Ung CY, Li H, Vassallo R, Sun J, Johnson EL, Olson JE, Theel ES, Badley AD, Kennedy RB, Theiler RN, Chakraborty R. Vertical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibodies and Cytokine Profiles in Pregnancy. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:473-484. [PMID: 37786979 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive characterization of immune responses after COVID-19 infection and vaccination, research examining protective correlates of vertical transmission in pregnancy are limited. Herein, we profiled humoral and cellular characteristics in pregnant women infected or vaccinated at different trimesters and in their corresponding newborns. We noted a significant correlation between spike S1-specific IgG antibody and its RBD-ACE2 blocking activity (receptor-binding domain-human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) in maternal and cord plasma (P < .001, R > 0.90). Blocking activity of spike S1-specific IgG was significantly higher in pregnant women infected during the third trimester than the first and second trimesters. Elevated levels of 28 cytokines/chemokines, mainly proinflammatory, were noted in maternal plasma with infection at delivery, while cord plasma with maternal infection 2 weeks before delivery exhibited the emergence of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Our data support vertical transmission of protective SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. This vertical antibody transmission and the presence of anti-inflammatory cytokines in cord blood may offset adverse outcomes of inflammation in exposed newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sohan Punia
- Children Research Center, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine
| | | | - Yaroslav Fedyshyn
- Children Research Center, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine
| | - James H Girsch
- Children Research Center, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | | | - Maureen Lemens
- Division of Obstetrics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | - Dawn Littlefield
- Children Research Center, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine
| | - Supriya Behl
- Children Research Center, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine
| | - Elise Sintim-Aboagye
- Children Research Center, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine
| | - Maria C Mejia Plazas
- Children Research Center, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine
| | | | | | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore
- Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Cristina Correia
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
| | - Choong Yong Ung
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
| | - Robert Vassallo
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Immunology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jie Sun
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Immunology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Carter Immunology Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Erica L Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Elitza S Theel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
| | - Andrew D Badley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Regan N Theiler
- Division of Obstetrics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | - Rana Chakraborty
- Children Research Center, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine
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20
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Comunale BA, Hsu YJ, Larson RJ, Singh A, Jackson-Ward E, Engineer LD. Vitamin D Supplementation and Prior Oral Poliovirus Vaccination Decrease Odds of COVID-19 Outcomes among Adults Recently Inoculated with Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:121. [PMID: 38400105 PMCID: PMC10892023 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural and functional commonalities between poliovirus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) suggest that poliovirus inoculation may induce antibodies that mitigate the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). No known studies have evaluated COVID-19 risk factors in adults recently vaccinated against poliovirus. STUDY OBJECTIVE Among adults with no history of COVID-19 infection or vaccination, who recently received an inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), we sought to determine which biological factors and social determinants of health (SDOH) may be associated with (1) testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, (2) experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, and (3) a longer duration of COVID-19 symptoms. METHODS The influence of biological factors and SDOH on SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 symptoms were evaluated among 282 adults recently inoculated with IPV. Participant-reported surveys were analyzed over 12 months post-enrollment. Bivariate and multivariate linear and logistic regression models identified associations between variables and COVID-19 outcomes. RESULTS Adjusting for COVID-19 vaccinations, variants, and other SDOH, secondary analyses revealed that underlying conditions, employment, vitamin D, education, and the oral poliovirus vaccination (OPV) were associated with COVID-19 outcomes. The odds of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 and experiencing symptoms were significantly reduced among participants who took vitamin D (OR 0.12 and OR 0.09, respectively). Unemployed or part-time working participants were 72% less likely to test positive compared with full-time workers. No prior dose of OPV was one of the strongest predictors of SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR 4.36) and COVID-19 symptoms (OR 6.95). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that prophylactic measures and mucosal immunity may mitigate the risk and severity of COVID-19 outcomes. Larger-scale studies may inform future policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A. Comunale
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yea-Jen Hsu
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Robin J. Larson
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Aditi Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
| | - Erin Jackson-Ward
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Lilly D. Engineer
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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21
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Nelson AL, Fontana G, Chubb L, Choe J, Williams K, Regan D, Huard J, Murphy W, Ehrhart N, Bahney C. Mineral coated microparticles doped with fluoride and complexed with mRNA prolong transfection in fracture healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1295313. [PMID: 38264578 PMCID: PMC10803474 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1295313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Impaired fracture healing, specifically non-union, has been found to occur up to 14% in tibial shaft fractures. The current standard of care to treat non-union often requires additional surgeries which can result in long recovery times. Injectable-based therapies to accelerate fracture healing have the potential to mitigate the need for additional surgeries. Gene therapies have recently undergone significant advancements due to developments in nanotechnology, which improve mRNA stability while reducing immunogenicity. Methods: In this study, we tested the efficacy of mineral coated microparticles (MCM) and fluoride-doped MCM (FMCM) to effectively deliver firefly luciferase (FLuc) mRNA lipoplexes (LPX) to the fracture site. Here, adult mice underwent a tibia fracture and stabilization method and all treatments were locally injected into the fracture. Level of osteogenesis and amount of bone formation were assessed using gene expression and histomorphometry respectively. Localized and systemic inflammation were measured through gene expression, histopathology scoring and measuring C-reactive protein (CRP) in the serum. Lastly, daily IVIS images were taken to track and measure transfection over time. Results: MCM-LPX-FLuc and FMCM-LPX-FLuc were not found to cause any cytotoxic effects when tested in vitro. When measuring the osteogenic potential of each mineral composition, FMCM-LPX-FLuc trended higher in osteogenic markers through qRT-PCR than the other groups tested in a murine fracture and stabilization model. Despite FMCM-LPX-FLuc showing slightly elevated il-1β and il-4 levels in the fracture callus, inflammation scoring of the fracture callus did not result in any differences. Additionally, an acute systemic inflammatory response was not observed in any of the samples tested. The concentration of MCM-LPX-FLuc and FMCM-LPX-FLuc that was used in the murine fracture model did not stimulate bone when analyzed through stereological principles. Transfection efficacy and kinetics of delivery platforms revealed that FMCM-LPX-FLuc prolongs the luciferase signal both in vitro and in vivo. Discussion: These data together reveal that FMCM-LPX-FLuc could serve as a promising mRNA delivery platform for fracture healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Laura Nelson
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI), Vail, CO, United States
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Gianluca Fontana
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Laura Chubb
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Josh Choe
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Katherine Williams
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Dan Regan
- Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Johnny Huard
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI), Vail, CO, United States
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - William Murphy
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nicole Ehrhart
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Chelsea Bahney
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI), Vail, CO, United States
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
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22
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Mimpen M, Kreiter D, Kempkens T, Knippenberg S, Hupperts R, Gerlach O. Humoral immune response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in cladribine-treated multiple sclerosis patients. Vaccine X 2024; 16:100445. [PMID: 38304878 PMCID: PMC10832451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis immunomodulatory treatments such as cladribine, which affects both B- and T-lymphocytes, can potentially alter the humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. This monocenter retrospective study reports on anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody response in cladribine treated MS patients and we compare the response in patients vaccinated before and after an 18-week interval after last cladribine dose. Of the 34 patients (5 patients ≤ 18 weeks and 29 patients > 18 weeks after last cladribine dose) that were included, 32 reached seropositivity (94 %). All patients vaccinated < 18 weeks after last cladribine dose reached seropositivity. This study confirms findings of earlier reports that cladribine-treated MS patients show an adequate humoral response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, even when vaccinated early (≤18 weeks) after last cladribine dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Mimpen
- Academic MS Center Zuyderland, Zuyderland Medical Center Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - D. Kreiter
- Academic MS Center Zuyderland, Zuyderland Medical Center Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - T. Kempkens
- Academic MS Center Zuyderland, Zuyderland Medical Center Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands
| | - S. Knippenberg
- Academic MS Center Zuyderland, Zuyderland Medical Center Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands
| | - R. Hupperts
- Academic MS Center Zuyderland, Zuyderland Medical Center Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - O. Gerlach
- Academic MS Center Zuyderland, Zuyderland Medical Center Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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23
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Shuaib F, Odusolu Y, Okposen BB, Osibogun O, Akanmu S, Mohammed A, Yahya S, Akande T, Aliyu A, Ifeadike C, Akande A, Aigbokhaode A, Adebiyi A, Tobin-West C, Olatunya OS, Aguwa E, Danjuma G, Dika J, Nwosu A, Olubodun T, Oladunjoye A, Giwa O, Osibogun A. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination Coverage and Seropositivity amongst Nigerians 18 Years Old and Above. Niger Postgrad Med J 2024; 31:8-13. [PMID: 38321792 DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_299_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This was a cross-sectional community-based survey to study the prevalence of serum antibodies against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-COV-1) and determine possible source of antibodies as to whether from vaccination or from natural infection as well as attempt to compare antibody levels in response to the different four types of vaccines administered in Nigeria. METHODS A cross-sectional community-based study of the prevalence of serum antibodies against all four vaccine types used in Nigeria amongst a representative sample of people aged 18 years and above in the six geopolitical zones of the country using a multistage sampling technique covering 12 states of the country with two states being randomly selected from each geopolitical zone. High-throughput Roche electrochemiluminescence immunoassay system (Elecsys Anti-SARS-COV-1 Cobas) was used for qualitative and quantitative detection of antibodies to SARS-COV-1 in human plasma. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference between the proportions with seropositivity for both the vaccinated and the unvaccinated (P = 0.95). The nucleocapsid antibody (anti-Nc) titres were similar in both the vaccinated and the unvaccinated, whereas the Spike protein antibody (anti-S) titres were significantly higher amongst the vaccinated than amongst the unvaccinated. Antibody levels in subjects who received different vaccines were compared to provide information for policy. CONCLUSION While only 45.9% of the subjects were reported to have been vaccinated, 98.7% of the subjects had had contact with the SARS-COV-1 as evidenced by the presence of nucleocapsid (NC) antibodies in their plasma. The 1.3% who had not been exposed to the virus, had spike protein antibodies which most likely resulted from vaccination in the absence of NC antibodies. Successive vaccination and booster doses either through heterogeneous or homologous vaccines increased antibody titres, and this stimulation of immune memory may offer greater protection against coronavirus disease 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Shuaib
- National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Yetunde Odusolu
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Sulaimon Akanmu
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | - Shuaib Yahya
- Department of Community Health, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Tanimola Akande
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Alhaji Aliyu
- Department of Community Health, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Chigozie Ifeadike
- Department of Community Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | - Aderonke Akande
- Primary Health Care Board, Federal Capital Territory Administration, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Akin Adebiyi
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Medicine University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Charles Tobin-West
- Department of Community Health, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | | | - Emmanuel Aguwa
- Department of Community Health University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | - Joseph Dika
- Modibbo Adama University Teaching Hospital, Yola, Nigeria
| | - Augustina Nwosu
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Tope Olubodun
- Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care, Federal Medical Center, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Adebimpe Oladunjoye
- Primary Health Care Department, Badagry West Local Government Area, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Opeyemi Giwa
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Akin Osibogun
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Community Health, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
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24
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Choi HW, Achangwa C, Park J, Lee SM, Lee NY, Jeon CH, Choi JH, Do HK, Nam JH, Lee JW, Kim B, Ryu S, Kee SJ. Pediatric humoral immune responses and infection risk after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and two-dose vaccination during SARS-CoV-2 omicron BA.5 and BN.1 variants predominance in South Korea. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1306604. [PMID: 38193075 PMCID: PMC10773891 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1306604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Humoral immune responses and infection risk after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination during the Omicron BA.5 and BN.1 variants predominant period remains unexplored in pediatric population. Methods We examined anti-spike (anti-S) immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses in a total of 986 children aged 4-18 years who visited outpatient clinics between June 2022 and January 2023, with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection alone, completed two doses of COVID-19 vaccination alone, vaccine-breakthrough infection (i.e., infection after the single dose of vaccination), and no antigenic exposure. Furthermore, to determine SARS-CoV-2 infection risk, the incidence of newly developed SARS-CoV-2 infection was investigated up to March 2023. Results The anti-S IgG levels in the 'vaccine-breakthrough infection' group exceeded those in the 'infection alone' and 'vaccination alone' groups (both P <0.01). Furthermore, the 'vaccination alone' group experienced more rapid anti-S IgG waning than the 'infection alone' and 'vaccine-breakthrough infection' groups (both P <0.01). We could not identify newly developed SARS-CoV-2 infection in the 'vaccine-breakthrough infection' group. Conclusion Our findings suggest that hybrid immunity, acquired from SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination, was a potentially higher and longer-lasting humoral immune response and protected against SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric population during Omicron BA.5 and BN.1 variants predominant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Woo Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiara Achangwa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhong Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Min Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nan Young Lee
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Hyeon Jeon
- Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Choi
- Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Do
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Nam
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Woo Lee
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungguk Kim
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukhyun Ryu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Kee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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25
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Anticoli S, Dorrucci M, Iessi E, Chiarotti F, Di Prinzio RR, Vinci MR, Zaffina S, Puro V, Colavita F, Mizzoni K, Meschi S, Vonesch N, Albano C, Ortona E, Ruggieri A, Tomao P. Association between sex hormones and anti-S/RBD antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccines in healthcare workers. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2273697. [PMID: 37961893 PMCID: PMC10760357 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2273697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are the target population for vaccination against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as they are at a high risk of exposure and transmission of pathogens to patients. Neutralizing antibodies developed after COVID-19 vaccination decline within few months of vaccination. Several factors, including age and sex, can affect the intensity, efficacy, and duration of immune response to vaccines. However, sex-specific analyses of humoral responses to COVID-19 vaccines are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate sex-based differences in anti-S/RBD (Receptor Binding Domain) responses at three different time points after the second dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in HCWs in relation to age, and to investigate the role of sex hormones as potential markers of response. Anti-S/RBD levels after two doses of the mRNA vaccine were collected from 521 HCWs naïve to COVID-19, working at two Italian Clinical Centers. Multiple regression analysis was applied to evaluate the association between anti-S levels and sex, age, and plasma levels of sex hormones. Significantly higher anti-S/RBD response to the COVID-19 vaccination was found in female HCWs, and a significant and more abrupt decline in response with time was observed in women than that in men. A novel, positive association of testosterone plasma levels and higher anti-S levels in male HCWs was found, suggesting its potential role as sex specific marker in males. In conclusion, understanding the sex-based differences in humoral immune responses to vaccines may potentially improve vaccination strategies and optimize surveillance programs for HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Anticoli
- Reference Center for Gender-specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità [Italian National Institute of Health], Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Dorrucci
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità [Italian National Institute of Health], Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Iessi
- Reference Center for Gender-specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità [Italian National Institute of Health], Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Chiarotti
- Reference Center for the Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, [Italian National Institute of Health], Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Rosaria Vinci
- Occupational Medicine Unit, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Zaffina
- Occupational Medicine Unit, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Puro
- UOC Emerging Infections and CRAIDS, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Colavita
- UOC Lab of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Klizia Mizzoni
- UOC Lab of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Meschi
- UOC Lab of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Vonesch
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Albano
- B cell Lab, Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Ortona
- Reference Center for Gender-specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità [Italian National Institute of Health], Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Ruggieri
- Reference Center for Gender-specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità [Italian National Institute of Health], Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Tomao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy
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26
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Chuang GT, Lin WC, Chang LY, Tsai IJ, Tsau YK. Pediatric glomerulopathy after COVID-19 vaccination: A case series and review of the literature. J Formos Med Assoc 2023; 122:1125-1131. [PMID: 37147241 PMCID: PMC10130328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2023.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cases of glomerulopathy after COVID-19 vaccination have been reported in the adult population, while only a few cases have been reported in children and adolescents. For better understanding of this association in pediatric population, we aimed to describe clinical course of patients with glomerulopathy within 60 days of COVID-19 vaccination who were under followed up in the pediatric nephrology department of National Taiwan University Children's Hospital. METHODS We reviewed the clinical characteristics, vaccine types, and outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed glomerular diseases or relapse of underlying glomerulopathy within 60 days after COVID-19 vaccination at our facility between January 2021 and July 2022. RESULTS Thirteen pediatric patients were found to have newly diagnosed glomerular diseases or relapse from their underlying glomerulopathy after receiving their first, second, or third COVID-19 vaccines in our facility. Of the five pediatric patients with newly diagnosed glomerulopathy after vaccination, thin basement membrane nephropathy, idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, and hematuria have been identified. Seven patients had relapse episodes of underlying nephrotic syndrome and one patient with underlying isolated microscopic hematuria developed subnephrotic proteinuria after COVID-19 vaccination. All patients experienced remission or improvement with either immunosuppressive or conservative treatment during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest case series to date of pediatric glomerulopathy after COVID-19 vaccination. From our report, patients with either newly diagnosed or relapse of glomerulopathy after vaccination had good outcomes, and receiving vaccination to prevent COVID-19 infection or complications should be encouraged in pandemic era under close monitoring kidney manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwo-Tsann Chuang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chou Lin
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Luan-Yin Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Jung Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yong-Kwei Tsau
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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27
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Ward H, Atchison C, Whitaker M, Davies B, Ashby D, Darzi A, Chadeau-Hyam M, Riley S, Donnelly CA, Barclay W, Cooke GS, Elliott P. Design and Implementation of a National Program to Monitor the Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies in England Using Self-Testing: The REACT-2 Study. Am J Public Health 2023; 113:1201-1209. [PMID: 37733993 PMCID: PMC10568505 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2023.307381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Data System. The UK Department of Health and Social Care funded the REal-time Assessment of Community Transmission-2 (REACT-2) study to estimate community prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG (immunoglobulin G) antibodies in England. Data Collection/Processing. We obtained random cross-sectional samples of adults from the National Health Service (NHS) patient list (near-universal coverage). We sent participants a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) self-test, and they reported the result online. Overall, 905 991 tests were performed (28.9% response) over 6 rounds of data collection (June 2020-May 2021). Data Analysis/Dissemination. We produced weighted estimates of LFIA test positivity (validated against neutralizing antibodies), adjusted for test performance, at local, regional, and national levels and by age, sex, and ethnic group and area-level deprivation score. In each round, fieldwork occurred over 2 weeks, with results reported to policymakers the following week. We disseminated results as preprints and peer-reviewed journal publications. Public Health Implications. REACT-2 estimated the scale and variation in antibody prevalence over time. Community self-testing and -reporting produced rapid insights into the changing course of the pandemic and the impact of vaccine rollout, with implications for future surveillance. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(11):1201-1209. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307381).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Ward
- Helen Ward, Christina Atchison, Matthew Whitaker, Bethan Davies, Deborah Ashby, Marc Chadeau-Hyam, Steven Riley, and Paul Elliott are with the School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK. Ara Darzi is with the Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London. Christl A. Donnelly is with the Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Wendy Barclay and Graham S. Cooke are with the Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London
| | - Christina Atchison
- Helen Ward, Christina Atchison, Matthew Whitaker, Bethan Davies, Deborah Ashby, Marc Chadeau-Hyam, Steven Riley, and Paul Elliott are with the School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK. Ara Darzi is with the Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London. Christl A. Donnelly is with the Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Wendy Barclay and Graham S. Cooke are with the Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London
| | - Matthew Whitaker
- Helen Ward, Christina Atchison, Matthew Whitaker, Bethan Davies, Deborah Ashby, Marc Chadeau-Hyam, Steven Riley, and Paul Elliott are with the School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK. Ara Darzi is with the Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London. Christl A. Donnelly is with the Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Wendy Barclay and Graham S. Cooke are with the Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London
| | - Bethan Davies
- Helen Ward, Christina Atchison, Matthew Whitaker, Bethan Davies, Deborah Ashby, Marc Chadeau-Hyam, Steven Riley, and Paul Elliott are with the School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK. Ara Darzi is with the Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London. Christl A. Donnelly is with the Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Wendy Barclay and Graham S. Cooke are with the Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London
| | - Deborah Ashby
- Helen Ward, Christina Atchison, Matthew Whitaker, Bethan Davies, Deborah Ashby, Marc Chadeau-Hyam, Steven Riley, and Paul Elliott are with the School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK. Ara Darzi is with the Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London. Christl A. Donnelly is with the Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Wendy Barclay and Graham S. Cooke are with the Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London
| | - Ara Darzi
- Helen Ward, Christina Atchison, Matthew Whitaker, Bethan Davies, Deborah Ashby, Marc Chadeau-Hyam, Steven Riley, and Paul Elliott are with the School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK. Ara Darzi is with the Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London. Christl A. Donnelly is with the Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Wendy Barclay and Graham S. Cooke are with the Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- Helen Ward, Christina Atchison, Matthew Whitaker, Bethan Davies, Deborah Ashby, Marc Chadeau-Hyam, Steven Riley, and Paul Elliott are with the School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK. Ara Darzi is with the Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London. Christl A. Donnelly is with the Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Wendy Barclay and Graham S. Cooke are with the Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London
| | - Steven Riley
- Helen Ward, Christina Atchison, Matthew Whitaker, Bethan Davies, Deborah Ashby, Marc Chadeau-Hyam, Steven Riley, and Paul Elliott are with the School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK. Ara Darzi is with the Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London. Christl A. Donnelly is with the Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Wendy Barclay and Graham S. Cooke are with the Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London
| | - Christl A Donnelly
- Helen Ward, Christina Atchison, Matthew Whitaker, Bethan Davies, Deborah Ashby, Marc Chadeau-Hyam, Steven Riley, and Paul Elliott are with the School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK. Ara Darzi is with the Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London. Christl A. Donnelly is with the Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Wendy Barclay and Graham S. Cooke are with the Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London
| | - Wendy Barclay
- Helen Ward, Christina Atchison, Matthew Whitaker, Bethan Davies, Deborah Ashby, Marc Chadeau-Hyam, Steven Riley, and Paul Elliott are with the School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK. Ara Darzi is with the Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London. Christl A. Donnelly is with the Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Wendy Barclay and Graham S. Cooke are with the Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London
| | - Graham S Cooke
- Helen Ward, Christina Atchison, Matthew Whitaker, Bethan Davies, Deborah Ashby, Marc Chadeau-Hyam, Steven Riley, and Paul Elliott are with the School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK. Ara Darzi is with the Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London. Christl A. Donnelly is with the Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Wendy Barclay and Graham S. Cooke are with the Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London
| | - Paul Elliott
- Helen Ward, Christina Atchison, Matthew Whitaker, Bethan Davies, Deborah Ashby, Marc Chadeau-Hyam, Steven Riley, and Paul Elliott are with the School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK. Ara Darzi is with the Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London. Christl A. Donnelly is with the Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Wendy Barclay and Graham S. Cooke are with the Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London
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Peterhoff D, Wiegrebe S, Einhauser S, Patt AJ, Beileke S, Günther F, Steininger P, Niller HH, Burkhardt R, Küchenhoff H, Gefeller O, Überla K, Heid IM, Wagner R. Population-based study of the durability of humoral immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1242536. [PMID: 37868969 PMCID: PMC10585261 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1242536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 antibody quantity and quality are key markers of humoral immunity. However, there is substantial uncertainty about their durability. We investigated levels and temporal change of SARS-CoV-2 antibody quantity and quality. We analyzed sera (8 binding, 4 avidity assays for spike-(S-)protein and nucleocapsid-(N-)protein; neutralization) from 211 seropositive unvaccinated participants, from the population-based longitudinal TiKoCo study, at three time points within one year after infection with the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 virus. We found a significant decline of neutralization titers and binding antibody levels in most assays (linear mixed regression model, p<0.01). S-specific serum avidity increased markedly over time, in contrast to N-specific. Binding antibody levels were higher in older versus younger participants - a difference that disappeared for the asymptomatic-infected. We found stronger antibody decline in men versus women and lower binding and avidity levels in current versus never-smokers. Our comprehensive longitudinal analyses across 13 antibody assays suggest decreased neutralization-based protection and prolonged affinity maturation within one year after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Peterhoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Wiegrebe
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Statistical Consulting Unit StaBLab, Department of Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Einhauser
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Arisha J. Patt
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Beileke
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix Günther
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Statistical Consulting Unit StaBLab, Department of Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Steininger
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans H. Niller
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Burkhardt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Helmut Küchenhoff
- Statistical Consulting Unit StaBLab, Department of Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Olaf Gefeller
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klaus Überla
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iris M. Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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29
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Pérez-Alós L, Hansen CB, Almagro Armenteros JJ, Madsen JR, Heftdal LD, Hasselbalch RB, Pries-Heje MM, Bayarri-Olmos R, Jarlhelt I, Hamm SR, Møller DL, Sørensen E, Ostrowski SR, Frikke-Schmidt R, Hilsted LM, Bundgaard H, Nielsen SD, Iversen KK, Garred P. Previous immunity shapes immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination and Omicron breakthrough infection risk. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5624. [PMID: 37699890 PMCID: PMC10497567 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of the SARS-CoV-2 immune responses has become considerably more complex over time and diverse immune imprinting is observed in vaccinated individuals. Despite vaccination, following the emergence of the Omicron variant, some individuals appear more susceptible to primary infections and reinfections than others, underscoring the need to elucidate how immune responses are influenced by previous infections and vaccination. IgG, IgA, neutralizing antibodies and T-cell immune responses in 1,325 individuals (955 of which were infection-naive) were investigated before and after three doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine, examining their relation to breakthrough infections and immune imprinting in the context of Omicron. Our study shows that both humoral and cellular responses following vaccination were generally higher after SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to infection-naive. Notably, viral exposure before vaccination was crucial to achieving a robust IgA response. Individuals with lower IgG, IgA, and neutralizing antibody responses postvaccination had a significantly higher risk of reinfection and future Omicron infections. This was not observed for T-cell responses. A primary infection before Omicron and subsequent reinfection with Omicron dampened the humoral and cellular responses compared to a primary Omicron infection, consistent with immune imprinting. These results underscore the significant impact of hybrid immunity for immune responses in general, particularly for IgA responses even after revaccination, and the importance of robust humoral responses in preventing future infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pérez-Alós
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Cecilie Bo Hansen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Johannes Roth Madsen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Dam Heftdal
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 8632, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Haematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Bo Hasselbalch
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mia Marie Pries-Heje
- The Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Recombinant Protein and Antibody Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Jarlhelt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Rask Hamm
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 8632, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dina Leth Møller
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 8632, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 2034, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 2034, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linda Maria Hilsted
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- The Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Dam Nielsen
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 8632, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Karmark Iversen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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30
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Rafie RA, Azimi L, Armin S, Aghamohammadi A, Karimi A, Fallah F, Khodaei H, Mansour Ghanaie R, Alebouyeh M. Evaluation of Covid-19 anti-spike IgG antibody five months after the second Covid-19 vaccination. GMS HYGIENE AND INFECTION CONTROL 2023; 18:Doc20. [PMID: 37829253 PMCID: PMC10566013 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Studies in different communities have shown significant differences in IgG antibody titers in the time period after the first and second doses of the vaccines. This study aimed to serologically evaluate the IgG anti-spike antibody titer five months after injection of the second COVID-19 vaccine in healthcare workers. Materials and method This study was performed in healthcare personnel for whom five months had passed since their second anti-Covid-19 vaccination. The level of IgG antibody against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was measured by ELISA. Healthcare workers in Mofid Children's hospital received three brands of vaccines: Sputnik V, Sinopharm, and AstraZeneca. Results The mean titer of anti-spike IgG was 4.3±2.29 units. The percentage of positive cases of the antibody was estimated to be 96.4%. The titer of anti-spike IgG antibody was dependent on both the occupational area and a positive history of Covid-19 disease. Conclusion About 96.4% of the staff vaccinated against Covid-19 had a high titer of anti-spike IgG antibody even five months after inoculation of the second dose. The field of occupational can affect the level of antibody present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Alipoor Rafie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Azimi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Armin
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirali Aghamohammadi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdollah Karimi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fallah
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hannan Khodaei
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roxana Mansour Ghanaie
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Alebouyeh
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Whitaker M, Davies B, Atchison C, Barclay W, Ashby D, Darzi A, Riley S, Cooke G, Donnelly CA, Chadeau-Hyam M, Elliott P, Ward H. SARS-CoV-2 rapid antibody test results and subsequent risk of hospitalisation and death in 361,801 people. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4957. [PMID: 37587102 PMCID: PMC10432566 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40643-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The value of SARS-CoV-2 lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) tests for estimating individual disease risk is unclear. The REACT-2 study in England, UK, obtained self-administered SARS-CoV-2 LFIA test results from 361,801 adults in January-May 2021. Here, we link to routine data on subsequent hospitalisation (to September 2021), and death (to December 2021). Among those who had received one or more vaccines, a negative LFIA is associated with increased risk of hospitalisation with COVID-19 (HR: 2.73 [95% confidence interval: 1.15,6.48]), death (all-cause) (HR: 1.59, 95% CI:1.07, 2.37), and death with COVID-19 as underlying cause (20.6 [1.83,232]). For people designated at high risk from COVID-19, who had received one or more vaccines, there is an additional risk of all-cause mortality of 1.9 per 1000 for those testing antibody negative compared to positive. However, the LFIA does not provide substantial predictive information over and above that which is available from detailed sociodemographic and health-related variables. Nonetheless, this simple test provides a marker which could be a valuable addition to understanding population and individual-level risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Whitaker
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bethan Davies
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Christina Atchison
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Wendy Barclay
- National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Deborah Ashby
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ara Darzi
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Steven Riley
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and Jameel Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Graham Cooke
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christl A Donnelly
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and Jameel Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Elliott
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
- Health Data Research (HDR) UK London at Imperial College, London, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College, London, UK.
| | - Helen Ward
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and Jameel Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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32
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Pearce FA, Lim SH, Bythell M, Lanyon P, Hogg R, Taylor A, Powter G, Cooke GS, Ward H, Chilcot J, Thomas H, Mumford L, McAdoo SP, Pettigrew GJ, Lightstone L, Willicombe M. Antibody prevalence after three or more COVID-19 vaccine doses in individuals who are immunosuppressed in the UK: a cross-sectional study from MELODY. THE LANCET. RHEUMATOLOGY 2023; 5:e461-e473. [PMID: 38251578 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(23)00160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the UK, additional COVID-19 vaccine booster doses and treatments are offered to people who are immunosuppressed to protect against severe COVID-19, but how best to choose the individuals that receive these vaccine booster doses and treatments is unclear. We investigated the association between seropositivity to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with demographic, disease, and treatment-related characteristics after at least three COVID-19 vaccines in three cohorts of people who are immunosuppressed. METHODS In a cross-sectional study using UK national disease registries, we identified, contacted, and recruited recipients of solid organ transplants, participants with rare autoimmune rheumatic diseases, and participants with lymphoid malignancies who were 18 years or older, resident in the UK, and who had received at least three doses of a COVID-19 vaccine. The study was open to recruitment from Dec 7, 2021, to June 26, 2022. Participants received a lateral flow immunoassay test for SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies to complete at home, and an online questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the mutually adjusted odds of seropositivity against each characteristic. FINDINGS Between Feb 14 and June 26, 2022, we screened 101 972 people (98 725 invited, 3247 self-enrolled) and recruited 28 411 (27·9%) to the study. 23 036 (81·1%) recruited individuals provided serological data. Of these, 9927 (43·1%) were recipients of solid organ transplants, 6516 (28·3%) had rare autoimmune rheumatic diseases, and 6593 (28·6%) had lymphoid malignancies. 10 485 (45·5%) participants were men and 12 535 (54·4%) were women (gender was not reported for 16 [<0·1%] participants), and 21661 (94·0%) participants were of White ethnicity. The median age of participants with solid organ transplants was 60 years (SD 50-67), with rare autoimmune rheumatic diseases was 65 years (54-73), and with lymphoid malignancy was 69 years (61-75). Of the 23 036 participants with serological data, 6583 (28·6%) had received three vaccine doses, 14 234 (61·8%) had received four vaccine doses, and 2219 (9·6%) had received five or more vaccine doses. IgG anti-spike antibodies were undetectable in 2310 (23·3%) of 9927 patients with solid organ transplants, 922 (14·1%) of 6516 patients with rare autoimmune rheumatic diseases, and 1366 (20·7%) of 6593 patients with lymphoid malignancies. In all groups, seropositivity was associated with younger age, higher number of vaccine doses (ie, five vs three), and previous COVID-19. Immunosuppressive medication reduced the likelihood of seropositivity: the lowest odds of seropositivity were found in recipients of solid organ transplants receiving a combination of an anti-proliferative agent, a calcineurin inhibitor, and steroids, and those with rare autoimmune rheumatic diseases or lymphoid malignancies treated with anti-CD20 therapies. INTERPRETATION Approximately one in five recipients of solid organ transplants, individuals with rare autoimmune rheumatic diseases, and individuals with lymphoid malignancies have no detectable IgG anti-spike antibodies despite three or more vaccine doses, but this proportion decreases with sequential booster doses. Choice of immunosuppressant and disease type is strongly associated with serological response. Antibody testing using lateral flow immunoassay tests could enable rapid identification of individuals who are most likely to benefit from additional COVID-19 interventions. FUNDING UK Research and Innovation, Kidney Research UK, Blood Cancer UK, Vasculitis UK and the Cystic Fibrosis Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona A Pearce
- Lifespan and Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Department of Rheumatology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK; National Disease Registration Service, NHS England, Leeds, UK
| | - Sean H Lim
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mary Bythell
- National Disease Registration Service, NHS England, Leeds, UK
| | - Peter Lanyon
- Lifespan and Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Department of Rheumatology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK; National Disease Registration Service, NHS England, Leeds, UK
| | - Rachel Hogg
- Statistics and Clinical Research, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, UK
| | - Adam Taylor
- Digital Research Service, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; National Disease Registration Service, NHS England, Leeds, UK
| | - Gillian Powter
- NHS Blood and Transplant Clinical Trials Unit, Oxford, UK
| | - Graham S Cooke
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Helen Ward
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Joseph Chilcot
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Helen Thomas
- Statistics and Clinical Research, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, UK
| | - Lisa Mumford
- Statistics and Clinical Research, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, UK
| | - Stephen P McAdoo
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK; Imperial College Renal and Transplant Centre, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gavin J Pettigrew
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Liz Lightstone
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK; Imperial College Renal and Transplant Centre, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Michelle Willicombe
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK; Imperial College Renal and Transplant Centre, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
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Trevisan C, Raparelli V, Malara A, Abbatecola AM, Noale M, Palmieri A, Fedele G, Di Lonardo A, Leone P, Schiavoni I, Stefanelli P, Volpato S, Antonelli Incalzi R, Onder G. Sex differences in the efficacy and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in residents of long-term care facilities: insights from the GeroCovid Vax study. Intern Emerg Med 2023; 18:1337-1347. [PMID: 37120663 PMCID: PMC10148701 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-023-03283-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite the reported sex-related variations in the immune response to vaccination, whether the effects of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination differ by sex is still under debate, especially considering old vulnerable individuals, such as long-term care facilities (LTCFs) residents. This study aimed to evaluate COVID-19 infections, adverse events, and humoral response after vaccination in a sample of LTCF residents. A total of 3259 LTCF residents (71% females; mean age: 83.4 ± 9.2 years) were enrolled in the Italian-based multicenter GeroCovid Vax study. We recorded the adverse effects occurring during the 7 days after vaccine doses and COVID-19 cases over 12 months post-vaccination. In a subsample of 524 residents (69% females), pre- and post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 trimeric S immunoglobulin G (Anti-S-IgG) were measured through chemiluminescent assays at different time points. Only 12.1% of vaccinated residents got COVID-19 during the follow-up, without any sex differences. Female residents were more likely to have local adverse effects after the first dose (13.3% vs. 10.2%, p = 0.018). No other sex differences in systemic adverse effects and for the following doses were recorded, as well as in anti-S-IgG titer over time. Among the factors modifying the 12-month anti-S-IgG titers, mobility limitations and depressive disorder were more likely to be associated with higher and lower levels in the antibody response, respectively; a significantly lower antibody titer was observed in males with cardiovascular diseases and in females with diabetes or cognitive disorders. The study suggests that, among LTCF residents, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was effective regardless of sex, yet sex-specific comorbidities influenced the antibody response. Local adverse reactions were more common in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Trevisan
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Valeria Raparelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124, Cona, Ferrara, Italy.
- University Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Alba Malara
- Scientific Committee of National Association of Third Age Residences (ANASTE) Calabria, Lamezia Terme, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Marianna Noale
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padua, Italy
| | - Annapina Palmieri
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine‑Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Fedele
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Di Lonardo
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine‑Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Leone
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Schiavoni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Stefanelli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Volpato
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Graziano Onder
- Universita' Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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34
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Basto-Abreu A, Carnalla M, Torres-Ibarra L, Sanchez-Pájaro A, Romero-Martínez M, Martínez-Barnetche J, López-Martínez I, Aparicio-Antonio R, Shamah-Levy T, Alpuche-Aranda C, Rivera JA, Barrientos-Gutiérrez T. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and vaccine coverage from August to November 2021: A nationally representative survey in Mexico. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29038. [PMID: 37615363 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to estimate self-reported vaccine coverage and SARS-CoV-2 anti-N and anti-S seroprevalence in Mexico overall and for five vaccine types. We used a nationally representative survey with 7236 dried blood spot samples for adults 18 years and older collected from August to November 2021. Anti-N and anti-S seroprevalence were estimated adjusting for the sensitivity and specificity of the immunoassay test. A multivariate Poisson regression model was used to estimate seroprevalence by vaccine type and by age group adjusting for confounders and test performance. Vaccination coverage was 74%, being higher in women compared to men, high socioeconomic status (SES) compared to low and middle SES, graduates compared to people with high school, and formal workers compared to other employment statuses. Anti-N seroprevalence was 59.2%, compared to 84.1% anti-S seroprevalence. Anti-S seroprevalence was higher for vaccinated than unvaccinated participants. All vaccines were associated with more than 70% anti-S seroprevalence, with the lowest being observed for CoronaVac and Ad5-nCoV. Fully vaccinated participants over 60 years presented a lower seroprevalence (77.6%) compared to younger adults (91.1%), with larger differences for ChAdOx1 and CoronaVac vaccines. Between August and November 2021, three out of four Mexican adults had been vaccinated. Vaccination was associated with a higher positivity to anti-S antibodies. While antibodies do not reflect immunity, our results suggest that booster doses should be offered to people over 60 years of age and to adults who received Ad5-nCoV or CoronaVac as primary vaccination schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Basto-Abreu
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Martha Carnalla
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Leticia Torres-Ibarra
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Andres Sanchez-Pájaro
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Martin Romero-Martínez
- Center for Research in Evaluation and Surveys, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Jesus Martínez-Barnetche
- Center for Research on Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | | | - Teresa Shamah-Levy
- Center for Research in Evaluation and Surveys, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Celia Alpuche-Aranda
- Center for Research on Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Juan A Rivera
- National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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Koretzky SG, Olivar-López V, Chávez-López A, Sienra-Monge JJ, Klünder-Klünder M, Márquez-González H, Salazar-García M, de la Rosa-Zamboni D, Parra-Ortega I, López-Martínez B. Behavior of immunoglobulin G antibodies for SARS-COV-2 in Mexican pediatric patients with comorbidities: a prospective comparative cohort study. Transl Pediatr 2023; 12:1319-1326. [PMID: 37575905 PMCID: PMC10416121 DOI: 10.21037/tp-22-454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background More than two years after the pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) there is a great lack of information. The presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) have been related with disease severity. Patients with comorbidities could develop more severe infection; however, the evaluation of the humoral response in pediatric population are needed especially in patients with comorbidities. Our aim was to describe the behavior of IgG in pediatric patients and to know if there is a difference between patients with comorbidities. Methods A prospective comparative cohort study was carried out in a single center from June 2020 to January 2021, with a follow-up of 6 months. The study included all the subjects with confirmatory test for SARS-CoV-2 from 1 month to 17 years 11 months, the follow-up of the disease's evolution and measurement of IgG antibodies was collected. We obtained the clinical data, and comorbidities like arterial hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and cancer, the initial symptoms were recorded as well as the evolution regarding the severity of COVID-19 and the need for hospitalization, intensive care unit or mechanical ventilation. The follow up was carried out through medical consultation with an appointment every month that included direct interrogation, examination, and peripheral blood collection for the IgG quantification. The antibodies detection was done through peripheral blood and chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay. Results A total of 237 patients with positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for SARS-COV-2 were included, of which 147 presented IgG antibodies (62%), 112 (76%) without comorbidity and 35 (24%) with comorbidities, by the sixth month only 2.7% continue with positive antibody measurements. Patients with comorbidities reach higher IgG levels than patients without comorbidities the basal titters were: 5.17 for patients without comorbidities vs. 6.96 for the group with comorbidities (P<0.001). Conclusions We found an association between the presence of comorbidities and high levels of IgG units in pediatric patients with COVID-19. Additionally, patients with more severe course of the disease have higher levels of IgG and by the third month less than 35% have immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Olivar-López
- Pediatric Emergency Service, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adrián Chávez-López
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Israel Parra-Ortega
- Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Briseida López-Martínez
- Auxiliary Diagnostic Resources, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
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36
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Tapia-Rivera JC, Mendoza-Jaramillo HE, González-Villaseñor CO, Ramirez-Flores M, Aguilar-Velazquez JA, López-Quintero A, Pérez-Guerrero EE, Vargas-Rodriguez MDLÁ, Gutiérrez-Hurtado IA, Martínez-López E. Effect of Human Adenovirus 36 on Response to Metformin Monotherapy in Obese Mexican Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study. Viruses 2023; 15:1514. [PMID: 37515200 PMCID: PMC10386570 DOI: 10.3390/v15071514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus 36 (HAdV-36) has been associated with obesity and changes in glucose and lipid metabolism. The virus has been reported to increase insulin sensitivity and paradoxically promote weight gain. Because of its effects on metabolism, infection with the virus could alter the response to several drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes (DM2), such as metformin. The aim of this study was to test whether HAdV-36 affects the response to metformin in a group of obese patients with DM2. METHODS In a prospective cohort study, 103 obese patients with newly diagnosed DM2 were divided into two groups based on their HAdV-36 seropositivity (+HAdV-36 and -HAdV-36). Weight, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, body mass index, body fat percentage, and waist and hip circumference were measured and compared in both groups at baseline and after 45 days of metformin treatment. RESULTS Only glucose was significantly lower in the +HAdV-36 group at baseline, while all other variables were similar between the two study groups. After 45 days of follow-up, it was observed that the effect of metformin did not differ between the groups, but the variables improved significantly after treatment. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we did not find that HAdV-36 had an effect on the response to metformin in obese patients with DM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Tapia-Rivera
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas para la Salud, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán 49000, Mexico
| | - Héctor Eduardo Mendoza-Jaramillo
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas para la Salud, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán 49000, Mexico
| | | | - Mario Ramirez-Flores
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico
| | - José Alonso Aguilar-Velazquez
- Departamento de Morfología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Andres López-Quintero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Edsaúl Emilio Pérez-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - María de Los Ángeles Vargas-Rodriguez
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Itzae Adonai Gutiérrez-Hurtado
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Erika Martínez-López
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
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Barnes E, Goodyear CS, Willicombe M, Gaskell C, Siebert S, I de Silva T, Murray SM, Rea D, Snowden JA, Carroll M, Pirrie S, Bowden SJ, Dunachie SJ, Richter A, Lim Z, Satsangi J, Cook G, Pope A, Hughes A, Harrison M, Lim SH, Miller P, Klenerman P, Basu N, Gilmour A, Irwin S, Meacham G, Marjot T, Dimitriadis S, Kelleher P, Prendecki M, Clarke C, Mortimer P, McIntyre S, Selby R, Meardon N, Nguyen D, Tipton T, Longet S, Laidlaw S, Orchard K, Ireland G, Thomas D, Kearns P, Kirkham A, McInnes IB. SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses and clinical outcomes after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with immune-suppressive disease. Nat Med 2023; 29:1760-1774. [PMID: 37414897 PMCID: PMC10353927 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02414-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immune responses and infection outcomes were evaluated in 2,686 patients with varying immune-suppressive disease states after administration of two Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. Overall, 255 of 2,204 (12%) patients failed to develop anti-spike antibodies, with an additional 600 of 2,204 (27%) patients generating low levels (<380 AU ml-1). Vaccine failure rates were highest in ANCA-associated vasculitis on rituximab (21/29, 72%), hemodialysis on immunosuppressive therapy (6/30, 20%) and solid organ transplant recipients (20/81, 25% and 141/458, 31%). SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses were detected in 513 of 580 (88%) patients, with lower T cell magnitude or proportion in hemodialysis, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and liver transplant recipients (versus healthy controls). Humoral responses against Omicron (BA.1) were reduced, although cross-reactive T cell responses were sustained in all participants for whom these data were available. BNT162b2 was associated with higher antibody but lower cellular responses compared to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. We report 474 SARS-CoV-2 infection episodes, including 48 individuals with hospitalization or death from COVID-19. Decreased magnitude of both the serological and the T cell response was associated with severe COVID-19. Overall, we identified clinical phenotypes that may benefit from targeted COVID-19 therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Barnes
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Carl S Goodyear
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michelle Willicombe
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Gaskell
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stefan Siebert
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Thushan I de Silva
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sam M Murray
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Rea
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - John A Snowden
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Miles Carroll
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Pirrie
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah J Bowden
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Susanna J Dunachie
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Alex Richter
- Clinical Immunology Service, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zixiang Lim
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jack Satsangi
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gordon Cook
- National Institute for Health Research, Leeds MIC, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ann Pope
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ana Hughes
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Molly Harrison
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sean H Lim
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Paul Miller
- British Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Neil Basu
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ashley Gilmour
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sophie Irwin
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Georgina Meacham
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Marjot
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Peter Kelleher
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, School of Medicine Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Maria Prendecki
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Candice Clarke
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Paige Mortimer
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Stacey McIntyre
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Rachael Selby
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Naomi Meardon
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Dung Nguyen
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tom Tipton
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephanie Longet
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen Laidlaw
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kim Orchard
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Georgina Ireland
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Immunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - David Thomas
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Pamela Kearns
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Amanda Kirkham
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Iain B McInnes
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Masson LC, Servian CDP, Jardim VH, Dos Anjos D, Dorta ML, Batalha-Carvalho JV, Moro AM, Romão PRT, Souza M, Fiaccadori FS, Fonseca SG. Heterologous Booster with BNT162b2 Induced High Specific Antibody Levels in CoronaVac Vaccinees. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1183. [PMID: 37514999 PMCID: PMC10383528 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune responses after COVID-19 vaccination should be evaluated in different populations around the world. This study compared antibody responses induced by ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, CoronaVac, and BNT162b2 vaccines. Blood samples from vaccinees were collected pre- and post-vaccinations with the second and third doses. The study enrolled 78 vaccinees, of whom 62.8% were women, with the following median ages: 26 years-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19; 40 years-CoronaVac; 30 years-BNT162b2. Serum samples were quantified for anti-RBD IgG and anti-RBD IgA and anti-spike IgG by ELISA. After two vaccine doses, BNT162b2 vaccinees produced higher levels of anti-RBD IgA and IgG, and anti-spike IgG compared to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and CoronaVac vaccinees. The third dose booster with BNT162b2 induced higher levels of anti-RBD IgA and IgG, and anti-spike IgG in CoronaVac vaccinees. Individuals who reported a SARS-CoV-2 infection before or during the study had higher anti-RBD IgA and IgG production. In conclusion, two doses of the studied vaccines induced detectable levels of anti-RBD IgA and IgG and anti-spike IgG in vaccinees. The heterologous booster with BNT162b2 increased anti-RBD IgA and IgG and anti-spike IgG levels in CoronaVac vaccinees and anti-RBD IgA levels in ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccinees. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 infection induced higher anti-RBD IgA and IgG levels in CoronaVac vaccinees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Carrijo Masson
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
| | - Carolina do Prado Servian
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
| | - Vitor Hugo Jardim
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
| | - Déborah Dos Anjos
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
| | - Miriam Leandro Dorta
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Maria Moro
- Laboratório de Biofármacos, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (iii-INCT), Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
| | - Pedro Roosevelt Torres Romão
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil
| | - Menira Souza
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Souza Fiaccadori
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
| | - Simone Gonçalves Fonseca
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (iii-INCT), Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
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39
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Augustyniak A, Szymański T, Porzucek F, Mieloch AA, Semba JA, Hubert KA, Grajek D, Krela R, Rogalska Z, Zalc-Budziszewska E, Wysocki S, Sobczak K, Kuczyński L, Rybka JD. A cohort study reveals different dynamics of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody formation after Comirnaty and Vaxzevria vaccination. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)00665-5. [PMID: 37407407 PMCID: PMC10284451 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The Coronavirus (COVID-19) Disease Pandemic, caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has affected millions of people worldwide, prompting a collective effort from the global scientific community to develop a vaccine against it. This study purports to investigate the influence of factors such as sex, age, type of vaccination (Comirnaty, BNT162b2, Pfizer Inc. or Vaxzevria, ChAdOx1-S, Oxford/AstraZeneca), and time since vaccine administration on the process of antibody production. Both of them are based on the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S protein) to the body using different mechanisms (mRNA and recombinant adenovirus, respectively). S protein is responsible for host cell attachment and penetration via its receptor-binding domain (RBD domain). The level of anti-RBD IgG antibodies was tested with an ELISA-based immunodiagnostic assay in serum samples from a total of 1395 patients at 3 time points: before vaccination, after the first dose, and after the second dose. Our novel statistical model, the Generalized Additive Model, revealed variability in antibody production dynamics for both vaccines. Interestingly, no discernible variation in antibody levels between men and women was found. A nonlinear relationship between age and antibody production was observed, characterized by decreased antibody levels for people up to 30 and over 60 years of age, with a lack of correlation in the middle age range. Collectively, our findings further the understanding of the mechanism driving vaccine-induced immunity. Additionally, we propose the Generalized Additive Model as a standardized way of presenting data in similar research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Augustyniak
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szymański
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Filip Porzucek
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Adam Aron Mieloch
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Julia Anna Semba
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Anna Hubert
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dominika Grajek
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Rafał Krela
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Rogalska
- Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Zalc-Budziszewska
- Provincial Specialist Complex of Healthcare Institutions of Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis, Wolica 113, 62-872 Godziesze Małe, Poland
| | - Sławomir Wysocki
- Provincial Specialist Complex of Healthcare Institutions of Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis, Wolica 113, 62-872 Godziesze Małe, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sobczak
- Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Lechosław Kuczyński
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jakub Dalibor Rybka
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
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Karakoc ZC, Tascioglu D, Ediz B, Caglan M, Hancer VS, Tugrul TS, Simsek BP. Antibody Response to COVID-19 Vaccines in Healthcare Workers: Which One is More Successful? Homologous or Heterologous? SISLI ETFAL HASTANESI TIP BULTENI 2023; 57:216-223. [PMID: 37899804 PMCID: PMC10600628 DOI: 10.14744/semb.2023.48264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to determine the antibody levels created by COVID-19 vaccination in healthcare workers and the factors affecting the antibody response. Methods Our research is a single-center, observational study that was prospectively designed and retrospectively analyzed at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, and included 103 healthcare workers who received the three-dose regimen of COVID-19 vaccine. In accordance with the recommendations of the Ministry of Health of Turkey, the first two doses of CoronaVac vaccine were administered routinely, while the booster dose was given as BioNTech or CoronaVac (heterologous or homologous vaccination) depending on the preference of the volunteers. Antibody titers against the SARS-CoV-2 were measured in all individuals at different time points (1 month after the second dose of CoronaVac, before the booster dose [BioNTech or CoronaVac] at the fifth month and one month after the booster dose) with AESKULISA® SARS-CoV-2 S1 IgG (AESKU DIAGNOSTICS, Wendelsheim, Germany). Results The mean age was 39.98±11.31 years, 62.1% of whom were women and 54.4% of them were accompanied by comorbid disease. After two doses of CoronaVac, the antibody titer averaged 49.50±33.15 U/mL in the 1st month (antibody seropositivity 86%) and the antibody titer decreased 24.01±33.48 U/mL (antibody seropositivity 49.5%) at 5th month. The mean antibody titer was found 59.73±60.20 U/ml in those who received the booster dose of homologous and 185.07±46.28 U/mL in those who were heterologous (p<0.001). Antibody levels were detected significantly lower after the booster dose of vaccination in patients with comorbidities (p<0.05). Conclusion Our study, which reflects the data within the scope of the Turkey Ministry of Health's COVID-19 vaccination program determined that the antibody response after heterologous vaccination is better than in homologous vaccination. Antibody titer level in the 5th month was 50% waned after two doses of inactivated vaccination. It was also shown that factors such as gender, age, body mass index, and smoking did not create a statistically significant difference in homologous and heterologous vaccination, but after the booster dose antibody levels decreased significantly in those with comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Cagla Karakoc
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Didem Tascioglu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Bulent Ediz
- Department of Biostatistics, Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Musa Caglan
- Department of Chemisty, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Türkiye
| | - Veysel Sabri Hancer
- Department of Medical Biology, Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Tolga Simru Tugrul
- Department of Anestesiology and Reanimation, Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Binnur Pinarbasi Simsek
- Department of Gastroenterohepatology, Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Golec M, Zembala-John J, Fronczek M, Konka A, Bochenek A, Wystyrk K, Botor H, Zalewska M, Chrapiec M, Kasperczyk S, Brzoza Z, Bułdak RJ. Relationship between anthropometric and body composition parameters and anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG titers in females vaccinated against COVID-19 according to the heterologous vaccination course: A cohort study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287128. [PMID: 37310975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this cohort study was to evaluate the relationship between anthropometric and body composition parameters and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers in a group of females who were vaccinated against COVID-19 with two doses of ChAdOx1 vaccine and then boosted with the BNT162b2 vaccine. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group consisted of 63 women. Basic demographic and clinical data were collected. To assess the anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G titers following the vaccination, five blood draws were performed: 1) before the first dose, 2) before the second dose, 3) 14-21 days after the primary vaccination, 4) before the booster, and 5) 21 days after the booster. Blood samples were analyzed using a two-step enzymatic chemiluminescent assay. Body mass index and body composition were evaluated using bioelectrical impedance analysis. To select the most distinguishing parameters and correlations between anthropometric and body composition parameters and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers, factor analysis using the Principal Component Analysis was conducted. RESULTS Sixty-three females (mean age: 46.52 years) who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. 40 of them (63.50%) participated in the post-booster follow-up. After receiving two doses of the ChAdOx1 vaccine, the study group's anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers were 67.19 ± 77.44 AU/mL (mean ± SD), whereas after receiving a heterologous mRNA booster, the level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers was about three-times higher and amounted to 212.64 ± 146.40 AU/mL (mean ± SD). Our data shows that seropositivity, obesity, non-fat-related, and fat-related body composition parameters all had a significant effect on the level of IgG titer after a two-dose vaccination of ChAdOx1. However, only non-fat-related and fat-related body composition parameters had a significant effect on the IgG titer after booster vaccination. CONCLUSION COVID-19 infection before the first dose of vaccination is not related to IgG titer after booster administration. Body composition has a significant effect on the production of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG after booster vaccination in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Golec
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Joanna Zembala-John
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Medicine and Environmental Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
- Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Martyna Fronczek
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Adam Konka
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Aneta Bochenek
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Karolina Wystyrk
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | | | - Marzena Zalewska
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom, Poland
| | - Martyna Chrapiec
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Sławomir Kasperczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Zenon Brzoza
- Department of Internal Diseases, Allergology, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | - Rafał J Bułdak
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
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Orillard E, Spehner L, Mansi L, Bouard A, Falcoz A, Lepiller Q, Renaude E, Pallandre JR, Vienot A, Kroemer M, Borg C. The presence of senescent peripheral T-cells is negatively correlated to COVID-19 vaccine-induced immunity in cancer patients under 70 years of age. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1160664. [PMID: 37334387 PMCID: PMC10272422 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1160664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cancer patients are at risk of severe COVID-19 infection, and vaccination is recommended. Nevertheless, we observe a failure of COVID-19 vaccines in this vulnerable population. We hypothesize that senescent peripheral T-cells alter COVID-19 vaccine-induced immunity. Methods We performed a monocentric prospective study and enrolled cancer patients and healthy donors before the COVID-19 vaccination. The primary objective was to assess the association of peripheral senescent T-cells (CD28-CD57+KLRG1+) with COVID-19 vaccine-induced immunity. Results Eighty cancer patients have been included, with serological and specific T-cell responses evaluated before and at 3 months post-vaccination. Age ≥ 70 years was the principal clinical factor negatively influencing the serological (p=0.035) and specific SARS-CoV-2 T-cell responses (p=0.047). The presence of senescent T-cells was correlated to lower serological (p=0.049) and specific T-cell responses (p=0.009). Our results sustained the definition of a specific cut-off for senescence immune phenotype (SIP) (≥ 5% of CD4 and ≥ 39.5% of CD8 T-cells), which was correlated to a lower serological response induced by COVID-19 vaccination for CD4 and CD8 SIPhigh (p=0.039 and p=0.049 respectively). While CD4 SIP level had no impact on COVID-19 vaccine efficacy in elderly patients, our results unraveled a possible predictive role for CD4 SIPhigh T-cell levels in younger cancer patients. Conclusions Elderly cancer patients have a poor serological response to vaccination; specific strategies are needed in this population. Also, the presence of a CD4 SIPhigh affects the serological response in younger patients and seems to be a potential biomarker of no vaccinal response.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Orillard
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
- Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
| | - L. Spehner
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
- Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
| | - L. Mansi
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
- Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
| | - A. Bouard
- ITAC Platform, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - A. Falcoz
- Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
- Methodology and Quality of Life Unit in Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Q. Lepiller
- Department of Virology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
- Research Unit EA3181, Université de Franche Comté, Besançon, France
| | - E. Renaude
- Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
| | - JR. Pallandre
- Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
- ITAC Platform, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - A. Vienot
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
- Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
| | - M. Kroemer
- Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
- ITAC Platform, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - C. Borg
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
- Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
- ITAC Platform, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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Jaisinghani P, Kumar R. Obesity and Viral Infections. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2023; 52:393-402. [PMID: 37197881 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) triggered a rapidly expanding global pandemic. The presence of obesity in patients with COVID-19 has been established as a risk factor for disease severity, hospital admission, and mortality. Thus, it is imperative those living with obesity be vaccinated against COVID-19. Although there is a timeframe COVID-19 vaccines are efficacious in those living with obesity, more studies need to be conducted to ensure that those long-lasting protection is maintained, as obesity has implications on the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Jaisinghani
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Rekha Kumar
- Division of Endocrinology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Pavlidis G, Giannoulis V, Pirounaki M, Lampropoulos IC, Siafi E, Nitsa A, Pavlou E, Xanthaki A, Perlepe G, Fortis SP, Charalambous G, Kampolis CF, Pantazopoulos I. Evaluation of Antibody Kinetics Following COVID-19 Vaccination in Greek SARS-CoV-2 Infected and Naïve Healthcare Workers. J Pers Med 2023; 13:910. [PMID: 37373899 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13060910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the antibody kinetics after vaccination against COVID-19 in healthcare workers of a Greek tertiary hospital. Eight hundred and three subjects were included, of whom 758 (94.4%) received the BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech), eight (1%) mRNA-1273 (Moderna), 14 (1.7%) ChAdOx1 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) and 23 (2.9%) Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen). Before the second dose, at 2, 6 and 9 months after the second dose and at 2 and 6 months after the third dose, anti-spike IgG were quantified by the chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay method. One hundred subjects were infected before vaccination (group A), 335 were infected after receiving at least one vaccine dose (group B), while 368 had never been infected (group C). Group A presented a greater number of hospitalizations and reinfections compared to group B (p < 0.05). By multivariate analysis, younger age was associated with an increased risk of reinfection (odds ratio: 0.956, p = 0.004). All subjects showed the highest antibody titers at 2 months after the second and third dose. Group A showed higher antibody titers pre-second dose, which remained elevated 6 months post-second dose compared to groups B and C (p < 0.05). Pre-vaccine infection leads to rapid development of high antibody titer and a slower decline. Vaccination is associated with fewer hospitalizations and fewer reinfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Pavlidis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasileios Giannoulis
- Transfusion and Haemophilia Centre, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Pirounaki
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis C Lampropoulos
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Eirini Siafi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Alkippi Nitsa
- Microbiology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Efthymia Pavlou
- Transfusion and Haemophilia Centre, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Xanthaki
- Microbiology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Garyfallia Perlepe
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Sotirios P Fortis
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology (HemQcR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Egaleo, Greece
| | - George Charalambous
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos F Kampolis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Pantazopoulos
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
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Guemes-Villahoz N, Burgos-Blasco B, Echevarria-Torres PL, Vidal-Villegas B, Rodriguez de la Peña A, Diaz-Valle D, Fernández-Vigo JI, Sánchez-Ramón S, Garcia-Feijoo J. Detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in tears: Ocular surface immunity to COVID-19. ARCHIVOS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2023:S2173-5794(23)00083-X. [PMID: 37247663 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA and IgG antibodies in tears of unvaccinated and anti-COVID-19 vaccinated subjects with previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. To compare results in tears with those in saliva and serum and correlate with clinical data and vaccination regimens. METHODS Cross-sectional study including subjects with a previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, both unvaccinated and vaccinated against COVID-19. Three samples were collected: tears, saliva and serum. IgA and IgG antibodies against S-1 protein of SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed with a semi-quantitative ELISA. RESULTS 30 subjects, mean age 36.4 ± 10, males 13/30 (43.3%) with history of mild SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. 13/30 (43.3%) subjects had received a 2-dose regimen and 13/30 (43.3%) a 3-dose regimen of anti-COVID-19 vaccine, 4/30 (13.3%) subjects were unvaccinated. All the participants with full anti-COVID-19 vaccination (2-or 3-doses) presented detectable anti-S1 specific IgA in all three biofluids, tears, saliva and serum. Among unvaccinated subjects, specific IgA was detected in 3/4 subjects in tears and saliva, whereas IgG was not detected. Considering IgA and IgG antibodies titers, no differences were observed between the 2- and 3-dose vaccination regimen. CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgG antibodies were detected in tears after mild COVID-19, highlighting the role of the ocular surface as a first line of defense against infection. Most naturally infected unvaccinated individuals exhibit long-term specific IgA in tears and saliva. Hybrid immunization (natural infection plus vaccination) appears to enhance mucosal and systemic IgG responses. However, no differences were observed between the 2- and 3-dose vaccination schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Guemes-Villahoz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto de investigación sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), IIORC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - B Burgos-Blasco
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto de investigación sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), IIORC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - P L Echevarria-Torres
- Grupo de Biomateriales, Departamento de Nanomateriales Poliméricos y Biomateriales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Vidal-Villegas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto de investigación sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), IIORC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Rodriguez de la Peña
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de investigación sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), Madrid, Spain
| | - D Diaz-Valle
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto de investigación sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), IIORC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J I Fernández-Vigo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto de investigación sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), IIORC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Sánchez-Ramón
- Grupo de Biomateriales, Departamento de Nanomateriales Poliméricos y Biomateriales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de investigación sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Garcia-Feijoo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto de investigación sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), IIORC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Kara Z, Akçin R, Demir AN, Dinç HÖ, Kocazeybek B, Yumuk VD. Antibody Response to Inactive SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in a Cohort of Elderly Patients Living with Obesity. Obes Facts 2023; 16:374-380. [PMID: 37231909 PMCID: PMC10443995 DOI: 10.1159/000530315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity and aging negatively affect the immune system and host defense mechanisms, increasing vulnerability to and worsening prognosis of infectious diseases, leading to vaccine failure. Our aim was to investigate the antibody response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike antigens and the risk factors affecting antibody levels in elderly patients living with obesity (PwO) after inactive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) administration. METHODS One hundred twenty-three consecutive elderly patients with obesity (age ≥65 years, body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m2) and 47 adults with obesity (age 18-64 years, BMI ≥30 kg/m2) admitted between August and November 2021 were enrolled. Seventy-five nonobese elderly people (age ≥65 years, BMI 18.5-29.9 kg/m2) and 105 nonobese adults (age 18-64 years, BMI 18.5-29.9 kg/m2) were recruited from subjects who visited the Vaccination Unit. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody titers were measured in patients with obesity and nonobese controls who received two doses of CoronaVac. RESULTS SARS-CoV-2 levels of patients with obesity were found to be significantly lower than those of nonobese elderly individuals who had non-prior infection. There was no difference in SARS-CoV-2 levels between patients with obesity and nonobese individuals with prior infection. Age and SARS-CoV-2 level were found to be highly correlated in the correlation analysis in the group of elderly individuals (r: -0.184). In multivariate regression analysis, when SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin class G (IgG) was regressed on age, sex, BMI, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension (HT), HT was found to be an independent factor of the SARS-CoV-2 level (β: -2,730). CONCLUSION In the non-prior infection group, elderly patients with obesity generated significantly reduced antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen after CoronaVac vaccine compared to nonobese people. It is anticipated that the results obtained will provide invaluable information about SARS-CoV-2 vaccination strategies in this vulnerable population. Antibody titers may be measured, and booster doses should be delivered accordingly in elderly PwO for optimal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Kara
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
- European Association for the Study of Obesity-Collaborating Center for Obesity Management, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rüveyda Akçin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Numan Demir
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
- European Association for the Study of Obesity-Collaborating Center for Obesity Management, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Harika Öykü Dinç
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakıf University Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bekir Kocazeybek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Volkan Demirhan Yumuk
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
- European Association for the Study of Obesity-Collaborating Center for Obesity Management, Istanbul, Turkey
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Zhang F, Lau RI, Liu Q, Su Q, Chan FKL, Ng SC. Gut microbiota in COVID-19: key microbial changes, potential mechanisms and clinical applications. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:323-337. [PMID: 36271144 PMCID: PMC9589856 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00698-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is involved in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The gut microbiota has important roles in viral entry receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression, immune homeostasis, and crosstalk between the gut and lungs, the 'gut-lung axis'. Emerging preclinical and clinical studies indicate that the gut microbiota might contribute to COVID-19 pathogenesis and disease outcomes; SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with altered intestinal microbiota and correlated with inflammatory and immune responses. Here, we discuss the cutting-edge evidence on the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the gut microbiota, key microbial changes in relation to COVID-19 severity and host immune dysregulations with the possible underlying mechanisms, and the conceivable consequences of the pandemic on the human microbiome and post-pandemic health. Finally, potential modulatory strategies of the gut microbiota are discussed. These insights could shed light on the development of microbiota-based interventions for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Zhang
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Raphaela I Lau
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Qin Liu
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Qi Su
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Francis K L Chan
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Siew C Ng
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China.
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China.
- State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China.
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Guemes-Villahoz N, Burgos-Blasco B, Echevarria-Torres PL, Vidal-Villegas B, Rodriguez de la Peña A, Diaz-Valle D, Fernández-Vigo JI, Sánchez-Ramón S, Garcia-Feijoo J. [Detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in tears: Ocular surface immunity to COVID-19]. ARCHIVOS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2023:S0365-6691(23)00091-6. [PMID: 37360534 PMCID: PMC10150186 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA and IgG antibodies in tears of unvaccinated and anti-COVID-19 vaccinated subjects with previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. To compare results in tears with those in saliva and serum and correlate with clinical data and vaccination regimens. Methods Cross-sectional study including subjects with a previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, both unvaccinated and vaccinated against COVID-19. Three samples were collected: tears, saliva and serum. IgA and IgG antibodies against S-1 protein of SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed with a semi-quantitative ELISA. Results Thirty subjects, mean age 36.4 ± 10, males 13/30 (43.3%) with history of mild SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. 13/30 (43.3%) subjects had received a 2-dose regimen and 13/30 (43.3%) a 3-dose regimen of anti-COVID-19 vaccine, 4/30 (13.3%) subjects were unvaccinated. All the participants with full anti-COVID-19 vaccination (2-or 3-doses) presented detectable anti-S1 specific IgA in all 3 biofluids, tears, saliva and serum. Among unvaccinated subjects, specific IgA was detected in 3/4 subjects in tears and saliva, whereas IgG was not detected. Considering IgA and IgG antibodies titers, no differences were observed between the 2- and 3-dose vaccination regimen. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgG antibodies were detected in tears after mild COVID-19, highlighting the role of the ocular surface as a first line of defense against infection. Most naturally infected unvaccinated individuals exhibit long-term specific IgA in tears and saliva. Hybrid immunization (natural infection plus vaccination) appears to enhance mucosal and systemic IgG responses. However, no differences were observed between the 2- and 3-dose vaccination schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Guemes-Villahoz
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), IIORC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, España
| | - B Burgos-Blasco
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), IIORC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, España
| | - P L Echevarria-Torres
- Grupo de Biomateriales, Departamento de Nanomateriales Poliméricos y Biomateriales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Madrid, España
| | - B Vidal-Villegas
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), IIORC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, España
| | - A Rodriguez de la Peña
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de investigación sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), Madrid, España
| | - D Diaz-Valle
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), IIORC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, España
| | - J I Fernández-Vigo
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), IIORC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, España
| | - S Sánchez-Ramón
- Grupo de Biomateriales, Departamento de Nanomateriales Poliméricos y Biomateriales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Madrid, España
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de investigación sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), Madrid, España
| | - J Garcia-Feijoo
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), IIORC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, España
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49
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van der Klaauw AA, Horner EC, Pereyra-Gerber P, Agrawal U, Foster WS, Spencer S, Vergese B, Smith M, Henning E, Ramsay ID, Smith JA, Guillaume SM, Sharpe HJ, Hay IM, Thompson S, Innocentin S, Booth LH, Robertson C, McCowan C, Kerr S, Mulroney TE, O'Reilly MJ, Gurugama TP, Gurugama LP, Rust MA, Ferreira A, Ebrahimi S, Ceron-Gutierrez L, Scotucci J, Kronsteiner B, Dunachie SJ, Klenerman P, Park AJ, Rubino F, Lamikanra AA, Stark H, Kingston N, Estcourt L, Harvala H, Roberts DJ, Doffinger R, Linterman MA, Matheson NJ, Sheikh A, Farooqi IS, Thaventhiran JED. Accelerated waning of the humoral response to COVID-19 vaccines in obesity. Nat Med 2023; 29:1146-1154. [PMID: 37169862 PMCID: PMC10202802 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02343-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and mortality. COVID-19 vaccines reduce the risk of serious COVID-19 outcomes; however, their effectiveness in people with obesity is incompletely understood. We studied the relationship among body mass index (BMI), hospitalization and mortality due to COVID-19 among 3.6 million people in Scotland using the Early Pandemic Evaluation and Enhanced Surveillance of COVID-19 (EAVE II) surveillance platform. We found that vaccinated individuals with severe obesity (BMI > 40 kg/m2) were 76% more likely to experience hospitalization or death from COVID-19 (adjusted rate ratio of 1.76 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.60-1.94). We also conducted a prospective longitudinal study of a cohort of 28 individuals with severe obesity compared to 41 control individuals with normal BMI (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2). We found that 55% of individuals with severe obesity had unquantifiable titers of neutralizing antibody against authentic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus compared to 12% of individuals with normal BMI (P = 0.0003) 6 months after their second vaccine dose. Furthermore, we observed that, for individuals with severe obesity, at any given anti-spike and anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibody level, neutralizing capacity was lower than that of individuals with a normal BMI. Neutralizing capacity was restored by a third dose of vaccine but again declined more rapidly in people with severe obesity. We demonstrate that waning of COVID-19 vaccine-induced humoral immunity is accelerated in individuals with severe obesity. As obesity is associated with increased hospitalization and mortality from breakthrough infections, our findings have implications for vaccine prioritization policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agatha A van der Klaauw
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily C Horner
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pehuén Pereyra-Gerber
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Utkarsh Agrawal
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Sarah Spencer
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bensi Vergese
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Clinical Research Facility, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Miriam Smith
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elana Henning
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Isobel D Ramsay
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jack A Smith
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Iain M Hay
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sam Thompson
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Lucy H Booth
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chris Robertson
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Colin McCowan
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Steven Kerr
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria A Rust
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alex Ferreira
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Soraya Ebrahimi
- Immunology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lourdes Ceron-Gutierrez
- Immunology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jacopo Scotucci
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Barbara Kronsteiner
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susanna J Dunachie
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NDM Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NDM Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adrian J Park
- Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francesco Rubino
- Department of Diabetes, King's College London and King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Abigail A Lamikanra
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford, UK
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hannah Stark
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nathalie Kingston
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lise Estcourt
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford, UK
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - David J Roberts
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford, UK
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rainer Doffinger
- Immunology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Nicholas J Matheson
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - I Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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50
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Ravussin A, Robertson AH, Wolf AS, Blix K, Kjønstad IF, Solum G, Feiring B, Strand BH, Lund-Johansen F, Munthe LA, Magnus P, Trogstad L, Mjaaland S. Determinants of humoral and cellular immune responses to three doses of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in older adults: a longitudinal cohort study. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2023; 4:e188-e199. [PMID: 37148891 PMCID: PMC10156136 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older age is associated with poorer outcomes to COVID-19 infection. The Norwegian Institute of Public Health established a longitudinal cohort of adults aged 65-80 years to study the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we describe the characteristics of the cohort in general, and specifically the immune responses at baseline and after primary and booster vaccination in a subset of longitudinal blood samples, and the epidemiological factors affecting these responses. METHODS 4551 participants were recruited, with humoral (n=299) and cellular (n=90) responses measured before vaccination and after two and three vaccine doses. Information on general health, infections, and vaccinations were obtained from questionnaires and national health registries. FINDINGS Half of the participants had a chronic condition. 849 (18·7%) of 4551 were prefrail and 184 (4%) of 4551 were frail. 483 (10·6%) of 4551 had general activity limitations (scored with the Global Activity Limitation Index). After dose two, 295 (98·7%) of 299 participants were seropositive for anti-receptor binding domain IgG, and 210 (100%) of 210 participants after dose three. Spike-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses showed high heterogeneity after vaccination and responded to the alpha (B.1.1.7), delta (B.1.617.2), and omicron (B.1.1.529 or BA.1) variants of concern. Cellular responses to seasonal coronaviruses increased after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Heterologous prime boosting with mRNA vaccines was associated with the highest antibody (p=0·019) and CD4 T cell responses (p=0·003), and hypertension with lower antibody levels after three doses (p=0·04). INTERPRETATION Most older adults, including those with comorbidities, generated good serological and cellular responses after two vaccine doses. Responses further improved after three doses, particularly after heterologous boosting. Vaccination also generated cross-reactive T cells against variants of concern and seasonal coronaviruses. Frailty was not associated with impaired immune responses, but hypertension might indicate reduced responsiveness to vaccines even after three doses. Individual differences identified through longitudinal sampling enables better prediction of the variability of vaccine responses, which can help guide future policy on the need for subsequent doses and their timing. FUNDING Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norwegian Ministry of Health, Research Council of Norway, and Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Ravussin
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Hayman Robertson
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Vaccine Epidemiology and Population Studies, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Asia-Sophia Wolf
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine Blix
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Vaccine Epidemiology and Population Studies, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Fadum Kjønstad
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guri Solum
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit Feiring
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Vaccine Epidemiology and Population Studies, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Heine Strand
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig A Munthe
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lill Trogstad
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Vaccine Epidemiology and Population Studies, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siri Mjaaland
- Division of Infection Control, Section for Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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