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Goldman JT, Donohoe B, Hatamiya N, Boland NF, Vail J, Holmes KE, Presby D, Kim J, Duffaut C. Baseline Sleep Characteristics in NCAA Division I Collegiate Athletes. Clin J Sport Med 2024; 34:370-375. [PMID: 38174994 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000001205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors report no conflicts of interest.To determine baseline sleep characteristics of male/female student-athletes across multiple sports using objective and subjective measures. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Division I college. PARTICIPANTS Eighty-two male and female Division I student-athletes. INTERVENTIONS Participants completed 2 validated sleep questionnaires (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS] and Single-Item Sleep Quality Scale [SISQS]) to assess subjective sleep. They also wore a validated sleep monitoring device (WHOOP 4.0 band) for at least 14 nights to collect objective data on total sleep time (TST) and sleep architecture. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Overnight sleep variables, including TST, time spent awake in bed after falling asleep, time spent in light sleep, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and slow-wave sleep (SWS) cycles. Sleep quality and daytime sleepiness were also assessed. RESULTS There were no statistical differences between male and female student-athletes in average TST, sleep architecture, sleep consistency, SISQS, and ESS scores. The average TST was 409.2 ± 36.3 minutes. Sleep architecture consisted of 25.6% REM, 19.9% SWS, and 54.4% light sleep. The average sleep consistency was 61.6% ± 8.9%. The average SISQS score was 6.48 ± 1.71, and the average ESS score was 7.57 ± 3.82. A significant difference was found in average wake time between males and females (55.0 vs 43.7 min, P = 0.020), with an overall average of 50.2 ± 16.2 minutes. CONCLUSIONS College student-athletes do not typically obtain the recommended amount of sleep. Optimizing sleep can positively affect academic and athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T Goldman
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Intercollegiate Athletics, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brian Donohoe
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nicolas Hatamiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Nelson F Boland
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Intercollegiate Athletics, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jeremy Vail
- Department of Intercollegiate Athletics, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kristen E Holmes
- Department of Performance Science and Thought Leadership, WHOOP, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - David Presby
- Department of Data Science and Research, WHOOP, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeongeun Kim
- Department of Performance Science and Thought Leadership, WHOOP, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Calvin Duffaut
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Intercollegiate Athletics, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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Wang W, Scott PW, Kelly SH, Sherwood PR. Factors Associated With Sleep Quality Among Undergraduate Nursing Students During Clinical Practicums. Nurse Educ 2024; 49:E175-E179. [PMID: 38299887 DOI: 10.1097/nne.0000000000001596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited evidence exists on factors influencing nursing students' sleep quality during clinical practicums. PURPOSE This study examined the sleep quality of nursing students and factors that affect sleep quality during clinical practicums. METHODS Undergraduate nursing students (n = 135) enrolled in clinical practicums in 3 universities completed questionnaires including sociodemographics and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Stepwise linear regression evaluated factors predicating sleep quality. RESULTS Seventy percent of nursing students reported poor sleep quality. Weekly work hours and clinical hours were significant factors in predicting global PSQI scores, subjective sleep quality, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and daytime dysfunctions. The students' race was related to sleep latency and sleeping medication. Clinical hours and living on campus were associated with sleep disturbances. CONCLUSION Knowing the factors that influence nursing students' sleep during clinical practicums, nurse educators can help students improve sleep health and clinical experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwen Wang
- Author Affiliations: Assistant Professor (Drs Wang and Scott) and Professor (Dr Sherwood), Department of Acute/Tertiary Care, School of Nursing, and Faculty Statistician (Dr Scott), Department of Health & Community Systems, Center for Research & Evaluation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Clinical Associate Professor and Director (Dr Kelly), Undergraduate Adjunct Faculty and Clinical Affairs, Duquesne University School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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3
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Wüst LN, Capdevila NC, Lane LT, Reichert CF, Lasauskaite R. Impact of one night of sleep restriction on sleepiness and cognitive function: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2024; 76:101940. [PMID: 38759474 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Detrimental consequences of chronic sleep restriction on cognitive function are well established in the literature. However, effects of a single night of sleep restriction remain equivocal. Therefore, we synthesized data from 44 studies to investigate effects of sleep restriction to 2-6 h sleep opportunity on sleepiness and cognition in this meta-analysis. We investigated subjective sleepiness, sustained attention, choice reaction time, cognitive throughput, working memory, and inhibitory control. Results revealed a significant increase in subjective sleepiness following one night of sleep restriction (Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) = 0.986, p < 0.001), while subjective sleepiness was not associated with sleep duration during sleep restriction (β = -0.214, p = 0.039, significance level 0.01). Sustained attention, assessed via common 10-min tasks, was impaired, as demonstrated through increased reaction times (SMD = 0.512, p < 0.001) and attentional lapses (SMD = 0.489, p < 0.001). However, the degree of impaired attention was not associated with sleep duration (ps > 0.090). We did not find significant effects on choice reaction time, cognitive throughput, working memory, or inhibitory control. Overall, results suggest that a single night of restricted sleep can increase subjective sleepiness and impair sustained attention, a cognitive function crucial for everyday tasks such as driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa N Wüst
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Noëmi C Capdevila
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lina T Lane
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carolin F Reichert
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ruta Lasauskaite
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Liang Z, Melcer E, Khotchasing K, Hoang NH. Co-design personal sleep health technology for and with university students. Front Digit Health 2024; 6:1371808. [PMID: 38655450 PMCID: PMC11035743 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2024.1371808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
University students often experience sleep disturbances and disorders. Personal digital technologies present a great opportunity for sleep health promotion targeting this population. However, studies that engage university students in designing and implementing digital sleep health technologies are scarce. This study sought to understand how we could build digital sleep health technologies that meet the needs of university students through a co-design process. We conducted three co-design workshops with 51 university students to identify design opportunities and to generate features for sleep health apps through workshop activities. The generated ideas were organized using the stage-based model of self-tracking so that our findings could be well-situated within the context of personal health informatics. Our findings contribute new design opportunities for sleep health technologies targeting university students along the dimensions of sleep environment optimization, online community, gamification, generative AI, materializing sleep with learning, and personalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilu Liang
- Ubiquitous and Personal Computing Lab, Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University of Advanced Science (KUAS), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Edward Melcer
- Alternative Learning Technologies and Games Lab, Department of Computational Media, University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC), CA, United States
| | - Kingkarn Khotchasing
- Ubiquitous and Personal Computing Lab, Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University of Advanced Science (KUAS), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nhung Huyen Hoang
- Ubiquitous and Personal Computing Lab, Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University of Advanced Science (KUAS), Kyoto, Japan
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Arria AM, Parisi CE, Bugbee BA, Vincent KB. Implementation of a computerized tool to address barriers to academic success among college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38442337 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2317166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Academic assistance professionals work with college students to address barriers to academic success, although few assessment tools exist. This feasibility study examined the results of implementing a computerized tool for academic assistance professionals to help students. The Measure of Obstacles to Succeeding Academically in College (MOSAIC) is a 31-item risk assessment tool used to characterize academic barriers. It utilizes a tailored computer algorithm on a mobile device to match students with resources to address academic barriers. METHODS The MOSAIC was customized and administered at seven universities around the United States. Student responses were analyzed in Microsoft Excel. Academic assistance professionals were asked about implementation in unstructured interviews. RESULTS Stress and study skill concerns were the most reported barriers. The MOSAIC was well received, especially among students experiencing academic difficulties, but integration into routine workflow was an obstacle to sustained implementation. CONCLUSIONS The MOSAIC holds promise in addressing issues impeding academic success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia M Arria
- Center on Young Adult Health and Development, Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Christina E Parisi
- Center on Young Adult Health and Development, Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and the College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Brittany A Bugbee
- Center on Young Adult Health and Development, Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathryn B Vincent
- Center on Young Adult Health and Development, Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA
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Mahfouz HA, Alhazmi NF, Almatrafi MK, Almehmadi SS, Alharbi JK, Qadi LR, Tawakul A. The Influence of Lifestyle on Academic Performance Among Health Profession Students at Umm Al-Qura University. Cureus 2024; 16:e56759. [PMID: 38650788 PMCID: PMC11033961 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aim A healthy lifestyle is defined as a way of living that reduces the likelihood of severe illness or early death. Factors required for a healthy lifestyle, such as regular physical activity, better sleep patterns, improved dietary habits, probable caffeine consumption, and decreased feelings of anxiety, are generally assumed to be important for high academic performance. This study aims to investigate the correlation between a healthy lifestyle and academic success among health profession students at Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia. By doing so, we could potentially lead to the implementation of targeted interventions to support students in achieving their best academic potential. Methods This is an observational cross-sectional study conducted among health profession students at Umm Al-Qura University. An online questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic information and the impact of lifestyle characteristics on academic performance from October to November 2023. Data were analyzed using RStudio (R version 4.3.1). Results A total of 652 students participated in the study. The majority were between the ages of 18 and 25 years (97.2%, n=634). Females constituted the majority of the participants (69.9%, n=456). Regarding the field of study, the College of Medicine had the highest representation (52.9%, n=345). Regarding body mass index, the normal weight category was the most prevalent, encompassing 59.8% (n=390) of the participants. The results show that the participants generally had a good grade point average (GPA) in the range of 3.50 to 4.00. Also, the time spent on social media applications was not correlated with academic performance (P=0.575). Importantly, the majority of participants perceived that lifestyle habits impacted their academic performance. Conclusion This study found that unhealthy lifestyle factors, such as lack of physical activity, inadequate sleep, poor dietary choices, smoking, and mental health issues such as anxiety, have a negative impact on academic performance. Therefore, the dissemination of relevant knowledge is needed to promote the importance of a healthy lifestyle and raise students' awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda A Mahfouz
- College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Qunfudah, SAU
| | | | | | | | | | - Lyan R Qadi
- College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| | - Abdullah Tawakul
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
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Patrono A, Renzetti S, Guerini C, Macgowan M, Moncada SM, Placidi D, Memo M, Lucchini RG. Social isolation consequences: lessons from COVID-19 pandemic in a context of dynamic lock-down in Chile. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:599. [PMID: 38402167 PMCID: PMC10893693 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chile did not adopt general and unified lockdowns for the whole nation but organized itself with dynamic and sometimes irregular lockdowns. These dynamics and consequences of social isolation could be generalized to other contexts of isolation such as those affecting minorities such as immigrants, prisoners, refugees. METHODS In this study, we investigated the physical and mental health symptoms associated with lifestyle changes due to lockdown among university students in Chile. We examined psychopathological variations in relation to mental health problems in a healthy young population. Our goal was to develop interventions to address these new psychosocial problems in potentially comparable post-pandemic contexts. From May 10th 2021 to June 2th 2021, 420 University students took part in an anonymous survey asking for information on habits and symptoms that emerged during the lockdown in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Three health outcomes were assessed: digestive disorders; headache; fear of COVID-19. Covariates including conditions and lifestyle during the pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 infections in the family, financial situation and productivity were considered in the analysis. RESULTS Participants experienced headache and fear of COVID-19 quite frequently during the lockdown period. More than half of the sample also experienced social isolation. Female gender, sleep quality, memory difficulties, and a change in eating habits resulted associated with an increased risk of health outcomes such as headaches and digestive disorders. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study fit within an original pandemic context: The results of this study can help identify needs and promote solutions applicable to different contexts. Future interventions should focus on the promotion and implementation of healthy habits focused on sleep hygiene, psychoeducation on the use of mobile devices and gender medicine with the support of healthcare organizations and University.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Patrono
- Department of Molecular Medicine e. Translational, v.le Europa 11, 25121, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Stefano Renzetti
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, v.le Europa 11, 25121, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristian Guerini
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, v.le Europa 11, 25121, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mark Macgowan
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, School of Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC-5 Room 513, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Stefanny M Moncada
- Departamento de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Chile, 7610658, Las Condes, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, v.le Europa 11, 25121, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Memo
- Department of Molecular Medicine e. Translational, v.le Europa 11, 25121, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, v.le Europa 11, 25121, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St #500, Miami, FL, 33174, USA
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Sekartini R, Aditya CJ, Pramatirta B, Gosal S, Tjoa K. Primary School-Aged Children's Physical Activity Level, Eating Habit, and Sleeping Pattern Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. Cureus 2024; 16:e53354. [PMID: 38439919 PMCID: PMC10911643 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objective This study aims to explore the effect of physical distancing on physical activity, eating habits, and sleeping patterns among Indonesian primary schoolchildren during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology This cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2020, involving 489 primary schoolchildren. Parents/caregivers were queried about changes in their children's physical activity (utilizing the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children - PAQ-C), eating habits (via a questionnaire modified from Southeast Asian Nutrition Surveys - SEANUTS), and sleeping patterns (assessed using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire - CSHQ) both before and during the pandemic. Various sociodemographic characteristics and income status were also obtained. Paired univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted where applicable. Results In comparison to the period before the pandemic, both the PAQ-C score and active proportion significantly decreased during the pandemic (P = 0.000). Children consumed more snacks (322, 65.8%) but less canned and processed foods (180, 36.8%, and 128, 26.2%, respectively). Sleep duration and sufficiency increased significantly, with a CSHQ score mean of 48.62 ± 9.88 (P = 0.000, P = 0.004), and sleep disturbance was observed in 391 (79.96%) subjects. Conclusions Children were physically less active during the COVID-19 pandemic. They also experienced variable changes in eating habits based on parental employment, family income and expenses, and the presence of governmental support. While more children had longer sleep duration and more achieved the recommended sleep time, sleep disturbance happened in most subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rini Sekartini
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, IDN
| | - Clarissa J Aditya
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, IDN
| | | | | | - Kevin Tjoa
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, IDN
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Boersma GJ, Mijnster T, Vantyghem P, Kerkhof GA, Lancel M. Shift work is associated with extensively disordered sleep, especially when working nights. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1233640. [PMID: 38161719 PMCID: PMC10755475 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1233640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Shift work is generally associated with working and sleeping out of phase with the endogenous, circadian sleep-wake cycle. This exerts detrimental effects on sleep health. The present study aimed at evaluating the presence of short and long sleep as well as sleep disorders within a broad range of shift work schedules and elucidating the role of sociodemographic factors therein. Methods A large dataset containing information on sleep was collected through advertisement in a Belgium newspaper (De Standaard). Adult, working individuals were selected (n = 37,662) and categorized based on their work schedule (regular day, early morning, evening, night, and rotating shift). In this cross-sectional study, prevalence rates of short sleep (≤6 h), long sleep (≥9 h) and sleep disorders (screened with Holland Sleep Disorders Questionnaire), and associations between these sleep variables and sociodemographics (age, sex, education, living companion(s)) were analyzed using binominal logistic regression analyses. Results In the total sample all sociodemographic factors affected prevalences of short, long and disordered sleep, consistent with previous studies. Compared to day workers, shift workers more frequently reported short sleep, most prominently night workers (26 vs. 50%) (p < 0.001). Furthermore, all sleep disorders as well as sleep disorder comorbidity were more common in shift workers, again most pronounced in night workers (all p < 0.05). In night shift workers the level of education had the strongest associations with disturbed sleep with a two-fold higher prevalence of short and disordered sleep in low relative to academic educated groups (all p < 0.02). Conclusion Shift work is related not only to curtailed sleep and shift work disorder, but also to a plethora of sleep disorders, including insomnia, sleep-related breathing disorders and sleep-related movement disorders. Our findings imply that education on coping strategies may be especially important for young and/or lower educated shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. J. Boersma
- Forensic Psychiatric Hospital, GGZ Drenthe Mental Health Institute, Assen, Netherlands
| | - T. Mijnster
- Centre of Expertise on Sleep and Psychiatry, GGZ Drenthe Mental Health Institute, Assen, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - P. Vantyghem
- De Standaard (Daily Newspaper), Mediahuis, Brussels, Belgium
| | - G. A. Kerkhof
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Sleep Disorders Center, Haaglanden Medical Center (HMC), The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Marike Lancel
- Forensic Psychiatric Hospital, GGZ Drenthe Mental Health Institute, Assen, Netherlands
- Centre of Expertise on Sleep and Psychiatry, GGZ Drenthe Mental Health Institute, Assen, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Sletten TL, Weaver MD, Foster RG, Gozal D, Klerman EB, Rajaratnam SMW, Roenneberg T, Takahashi JS, Turek FW, Vitiello MV, Young MW, Czeisler CA. The importance of sleep regularity: a consensus statement of the National Sleep Foundation sleep timing and variability panel. Sleep Health 2023; 9:801-820. [PMID: 37684151 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and present consensus findings of the National Sleep Foundation sleep timing and variability panel regarding the impact of sleep timing variability on health and performance. METHODS The National Sleep Foundation assembled a panel of sleep and circadian experts to evaluate the scientific evidence and conduct a formal consensus and voting procedure. A systematic literature review was conducted using the NIH National Library of Medicine PubMed database, and panelists voted on the appropriateness of 3 questions using a modified Delphi RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method with 2 rounds of voting. RESULTS The literature search and panel review identified 63 full text publications to inform consensus voting. Panelists achieved consensus on each question: (1) is daily regularity in sleep timing important for (a) health or (b) performance? and (2) when sleep is of insufficient duration during the week (or work days), is catch-up sleep on weekends (or non-work days) important for health? Based on the evidence currently available, panelists agreed to an affirmative response to all 3 questions. CONCLUSIONS Consistency of sleep onset and offset timing is important for health, safety, and performance. Nonetheless, when insufficient sleep is obtained during the week/work days, weekend/non-work day catch-up sleep may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey L Sletten
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew D Weaver
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Russell G Foster
- Sleep & Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Gozal
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Klerman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shantha M W Rajaratnam
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Till Roenneberg
- Institutes for Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine and Medical Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joseph S Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Fred W Turek
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael V Vitiello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael W Young
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Ng ASC, Massar SAA, Bei B, Chee MWL. Assessing 'readiness' by tracking fluctuations in daily sleep duration and their effects on daily mood, motivation, and sleepiness. Sleep Med 2023; 112:30-38. [PMID: 37804715 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Consumer sleep trackers issue daily guidance on 'readiness' without clear empirical basis. We investigated how self-rated mood, motivation, and sleepiness (MMS) levels are affected by daily fluctuations in sleep duration, timing, and efficiency and overall sleep regularity. We also determined how temporally specific these associations are. METHODS 119 healthy university students (64 female, mean age = 22.54 ± 1.74 years) wore a wearable sleep tracker and undertook twice-daily smartphone-delivered ecological momentary assessment of mood, motivation, and sleepiness at post-wake and pre-bedtime timings for 2-6 weeks. Naps and their duration were reported daily. Nocturnal sleep on 2471 nights were examined using multilevel models to uncover within-subject and between-subject associations between sleep duration, timing, efficiency, and nap duration on following day MMS ratings. Time-lagged analyses examined the temporal specificity of these associations. Linear regression models investigated associations between MMS ratings and sleep variability, controlling for sleep duration. RESULTS Nocturnal sleep durations were short (6.03 ± 0.71 h), and bedtimes were late (1:42AM ± 1:05). Within-subjects, nocturnal sleep longer than a person's average was associated with better mood, higher motivation, and lower sleepiness after waking. Effects of such longer sleep duration lingered for mood and sleepiness till the pre-bedtime window (all Ps < .005) but did not extend to the next day. Between-subjects, higher intraindividual sleep variability, but not sleep duration, was associated with poorer mood and lower motivation after waking. Longer average sleep duration was associated with less sleepiness after waking and lower motivation pre-bedtime (all Ps < .05). Longer naps reduced post-nap sleepiness and improved mood. Controlling for nocturnal sleep duration, longer naps also associated with lower post-waking sleepiness on the following day. CONCLUSIONS Positive connections between nocturnal sleep and nap duration with MMS are temporally circumscribed, lending credence to the construction of sleep-based, daily 'readiness' scores. Higher sleep duration variability lowers an individual's post waking mood and motivation. CLINICAL TRIAL ID ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04880629.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa S C Ng
- Sleep and Cognition Laboratory, Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stijn A A Massar
- Sleep and Cognition Laboratory, Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bei Bei
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael W L Chee
- Sleep and Cognition Laboratory, Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Gupta S, Prithviraj M, Gangwar A, Rath RS. Impact of Sleep Duration, Quality, and Chronotype on Learning and Academic Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study Among First Year Medical Students of a Tertiary Care Institute. Cureus 2023; 15:e50413. [PMID: 38222241 PMCID: PMC10784715 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The link between sleep and cognitive processes, such as memory and learning, continues to be one of the most intriguing and perplexing theories. Undergraduate medical students in their first year are particularly vulnerable to sleep disturbances. Academic achievement and learning have been linked to sleep patterns, which include not only the quantity and quality of sleep but also the timing of sleep in relation to the natural sleep onsets, or chronotypes. There have been conflicting reports on the outcomes of sleep and relatively fewer researches focused on the impact of chronotypes on learning and academic achievement among medical students. The current study thus sought to determine the chronotypes of medical students, evaluate the quantity and quality of sleep, and determine the impact of these factors on learning and academic performance. Methods The study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Gorakhpur, India. Sleep health was assessed in 167 first-year medical students using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), morningness-eveningness questionnaire (MEQ), and sleep log books. Learning and memory assessment was performed using Raven's progressive matrices test. Grade point average (GPA) was used to assess their academic performance. The relationship of sleep scores with GPA and RPM scores were obtained by linear regression analysis. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and unpaired t-test were used to investigate other comparisons among categories of chronotypes and those of mean GPA. A p-value of <0.05 was considered as significant. Results The mean GPA and RPM scores obtained in the groups with PSQI ≥ 5 (2.67 ± 1.1, 49.51 ± 6.24, respectively) and PSQI < 5 (3.15 ± 0.59, 54.73 ± 4.01, respectively) and those in the group with ESS ≥ 10 (2.72 ± 1.17, 50.97 ± 5.92, respectively) and ESS < 10 (3.15 ± 0.6, 54.18 ± 3.91, respectively) varied with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Statistically significant R-squared values for the relationship of PSQI and ESS scores with RPM and GPA scores were obtained. No correlation between academic grades and chronotype was found. Poor GPA scores were found to be associated with reduced mean sleep duration for one week before the exams. Conclusion Learning and academic performance are negatively impacted by poor sleep quality and daytime sleep dysfunction. No definite evidence for the association of sleep chronotypes with the learning and memory could be attained. Higher test performance is more closely linked to the average sleep length over a duration of time preceding the exams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Gupta
- Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur, IND
| | - Manoj Prithviraj
- Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur, IND
| | - Anil Gangwar
- Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur, IND
| | - Rama S Rath
- Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur, IND
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13
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Maier MC, Scharf JY, Gold MA, Ancheta AJ, Bruzzese JM, Garbers S. 'Our mind could be our biggest challenge': A qualitative analysis of urban adolescents' sleep experiences and opportunities for mind-body integrative health approaches to improve sleep. PEC INNOVATION 2023; 2:100130. [PMID: 37214498 PMCID: PMC10194289 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecinn.2023.100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective To inform the development of a combined sleep and mind-body integrative health (MBIH) intervention, we explored urban adolescents' sleep experiences and perceptions of MBIH techniques. Methods We conducted eight focus groups with school-based health center patients in New York City, exploring sleep experiences; mindfulness, body awareness, tapping, acupressure, and self-hypnosis; and intervention delivery preferences. We recorded, transcribed, and analyzed the discussions applying methods from grounded theory. Results Participants (n = 25) were ages 14-17, predominantly female (64%), Latino (60%), and Black (40%). Participants reported social, physical, and internal sleep barriers, but had limited success implementing sleep improvement strategies. Participants viewed MBIH techniques positively, noted audio-guided techniques' accessibility, and were intrigued by less-familiar techniques. Preferences varied around domains of intervention delivery. Conclusion Results underscore the need for adolescent-informed interventions offering sleep improvement strategies. Participants' interest and willingness to engage in MBIH techniques present an opportunity for practitioners to develop and deliver sleep interventions incorporating MBIH components to urban adolescents. Varied intervention preferences highlight the need to be adaptable to adolescents' lived experiences, comfort levels, and learning styles. Innovation This study elucidates the perspectives of underrepresented adolescents whose perspectives on MBIH have rarely been explored, an important first step in developing tailored interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malia C. Maier
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jodi Y. Scharf
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melanie A. Gold
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- School-Based Health Centers, New York-Presbyterian, USA
| | | | | | - Samantha Garbers
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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14
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Tong X, Gao MM, Zhang L, Song JG, Feng Y, Tao Y, Zhu LJ, Wen LY, Jin YL, Chang WW. Chronotypes and their association with sleep quality among Chinese college students of Anhui Province: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e076782. [PMID: 37984950 PMCID: PMC10660650 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the prevalence of chronotype and sleep quality among Chinese college students and explore the relationship between chronotype and sleep quality. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING Four colleges and universities in Anhui, China, between November and December 2020. PARTICIPANTS A total of 4768 college students were recruited using a stratified, multistage, cluster sampling survey. OUTCOME MEASURES Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire 19 was used to determine the chronotype of the students and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to measure their sleep quality. The multiple logistic regression model was used to explore the potential association between chronotype and sleep quality. RESULTS The self-reported proportions of evening-type (E-type), neutral-type and morning-type among college students were 51.17%, 45.14% and 3.69%, respectively. The mean PSQI score was 4.97±2.82 and the prevalence of poor sleep quality was 18.2%. After adjusting the covariates by multiple logistic regression analysis, E-type was positively associated with subjective sleep quality (OR=1.671, 95% CI 1.414 to 1.975), sleep latency (OR=1.436, 95% CI 1.252 to 1.647), sleep duration (OR=2.149, 95% CI 1.506 to 3.067), habitual sleep efficiency (OR=1.702, 95% CI 1.329 to 2.180), daytime dysfunction (OR=1.602, 95% CI 1.412 to 1.818) and overall poor sleep quality (OR=1.866, 95% CI 1.586 to 2.196). CONCLUSIONS College students mainly exhibited E-type, and an elevated prevalence of poor sleep quality existed among these students. The E-type was positively associated with poor sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- Department of Epidemiology and Health statistics,School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Mei-Mei Gao
- Department of Ideological and Political Education, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liu Zhang
- Department of Hospital Infection Management Office, Wuhu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu, China
| | - Jian-Gen Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene,School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health statistics,School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yujing Tao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health statistics,School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health statistics,School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Li-Ying Wen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health statistics,School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yue-Long Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health statistics,School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Wei-Wei Chang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health statistics,School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
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15
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Lloyd E, Rastogi A, Holtz N, Aaronson B, Craig Albertson R, Keene AC. Ontogeny and social context regulate the circadian activity patterns of Lake Malawi cichlids. J Comp Physiol B 2023:10.1007/s00360-023-01523-3. [PMID: 37910192 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Activity patterns tend to be highly stereotyped and critical for executing many different behaviors including foraging, social interactions, and predator avoidance. Differences in the circadian timing of locomotor activity and rest periods can facilitate habitat partitioning and the exploitation of novel niches. As a consequence, closely related species often display highly divergent activity patterns, suggesting that shifts from diurnal to nocturnal behavior, or vice versa, are critical for survival. In Africa's Lake Malawi alone, there are over 500 species of cichlids, which inhabit diverse environments and exhibit extensive phenotypic variation. We have previously identified a substantial range in activity patterns across adult Lake Malawi cichlid species, from strongly diurnal to strongly nocturnal. In many species, including fishes, ecological pressures differ dramatically across life-history stages, raising the possibility that activity patterns may change over ontogeny. To determine if rest-activity patterns change across life stages, we compared the locomotor patterns of six Lake Malawi cichlid species. While total rest and activity did not change between early juvenile and adult stages, rest-activity patterns did, with juveniles displaying distinct activity rhythms that are more robust than adults. One distinct difference between juveniles and adults is the emergence of complex social behavior. To determine whether social context is required for activity rhythms, we next measured locomotor behavior in group-housed adult fish. We found that when normal social interactions were allowed, locomotor activity patterns were restored, supporting the notion that social interactions promote circadian regulation of activity in adult fish. These findings reveal a previously unidentified link between developmental stage and social interactions in the circadian timing of cichlid activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Lloyd
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
| | - Aakriti Rastogi
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
| | - Niah Holtz
- Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Ben Aaronson
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - R Craig Albertson
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Alex C Keene
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA.
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Moshayedi AJ, Uddin NMI, Khan AS, Zhu J, Emadi Andani M. Designing and Developing a Vision-Based System to Investigate the Emotional Effects of News on Short Sleep at Noon: An Experimental Case Study. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8422. [PMID: 37896515 PMCID: PMC10610979 DOI: 10.3390/s23208422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Background: Sleep is a critical factor in maintaining good health, and its impact on various diseases has been recognized by scientists. Understanding sleep patterns and quality is crucial for investigating sleep-related disorders and their potential links to health conditions. The development of non-intrusive and contactless methods for analyzing sleep data is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Methods: A novel system called the sleep visual analyzer (VSleep) was designed to analyze sleep movements and generate reports based on changes in body position angles. The system utilized camera data without requiring any physical contact with the body. A Python graphical user interface (GUI) section was developed to analyze body movements during sleep and present the data in an Excel format. To evaluate the effectiveness of the VSleep system, a case study was conducted. The participants' movements during daytime naps were recorded. The study also examined the impact of different types of news (positive, neutral, and negative) on sleep patterns. Results: The system successfully detected and recorded various angles formed by participants' bodies, providing detailed information about their sleep patterns. The results revealed distinct effects based on the news category, highlighting the potential impact of external factors on sleep quality and behaviors. Conclusions: The sleep visual analyzer (VSleep) demonstrated its efficacy in analyzing sleep-related data without the need for accessories. The VSleep system holds great potential for diagnosing and investigating sleep-related disorders. The proposed system is affordable, easy to use, portable, and a mobile application can be developed to perform the experiment and prepare the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata Jahangir Moshayedi
- School of Information Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; (A.J.M.); (N.M.I.U.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Nafiz Md Imtiaz Uddin
- School of Information Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; (A.J.M.); (N.M.I.U.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Amir Sohail Khan
- School of Information Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; (A.J.M.); (N.M.I.U.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Jianxiong Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Mehran Emadi Andani
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Via Casorati, 37131 Verona, Italy
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17
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Claydon EA, Kahwash JM, Lilly CL, Alamir Y, Zullig KJ. Subjective Sleep Quality, Caffeine, and Dieting Behaviors Among University-Attending Young Adults. Nat Sci Sleep 2023; 15:737-747. [PMID: 37766873 PMCID: PMC10521926 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s420568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Research has shown that university students engage in behaviors that are associated with poor sleep quality, such as higher caffeine and alcohol intake. Yet studies exploring eating habits and weight loss mechanisms related to sleep quality have generally been inconclusive. This study explored total daily caffeine consumption (along with different sources of caffeine) as well as dieting and exercising to lose weight in the last 30 days as risk factors for poor sleep quality among an undergraduate university population. Methods Full-time undergraduate students (n = 400) participated in an anonymous online survey about various health behaviors at a large, mid-Atlantic university. Multivariable linear regressions were run to consider subjective sleep quality in relation to caffeine consumption and dieting behavior along with other covariates. A sensitivity analysis was run to explore how different types of caffeinated beverages were associated with sleep quality as well. All analyses were conducted using SAS JMP Version 16. Results A stepwise multivariable linear regression controlling for alcohol use, grade point average, biological sex, and stress showed significant increases in sleep quality scores (indicating worsening sleep quality). Total caffeine consumption remained significant through the models until psychosocial factors were added (B = 0.003, p = 0.0035). The sensitivity analysis indicated that total caffeine consumption from soda remained significant across all models, significantly increasing sleep quality scores (B = 0.01; p = 0.0054). Discussion Higher amounts of caffeine from sodas were associated with more significant decreases in sleep quality than other types of caffeine, including energy drinks, coffee, and tea. Dieting or exercising to lose weight was not significantly associated with sleep quality. The results of this study can help to refine intervention efforts designed to improve sleep quality among undergraduate university students. Behavioral interventions specific to reducing caffeine intake, specifically from caffeinated sodas, may prove to be beneficial with this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Claydon
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jenna M Kahwash
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Christa L Lilly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Yahya Alamir
- Department of Health Education & Promotion, Faculty of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Keith J Zullig
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
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18
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Liebig L, Bergmann A, Voigt K, Balogh E, Birkas B, Faubl N, Kraft T, Schöniger K, Riemenschneider H. Screen time and sleep among medical students in Germany. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15462. [PMID: 37726327 PMCID: PMC10509232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Medical students are a vulnerable group for harmful health behaviours due to academic stress. Increased screen time is associated with adverse health behaviour, particularly delayed bedtime, shorter sleep duration and poorer sleep quality. This possible relationship has not yet been examined among medical students in Europe. Medical students at the Technical University of Dresden were invited to participate in an online questionnaire based cross-sectional study. To analyse correlations between screen time and sleep parameters, correlation coefficients, linear regression and mixed-model analysis were calculated. 415 students (average age 24 years, 70% female) were included in the analysis. The students reported an average of 7 h screen time per day and 7.25 h sleep duration per night. Approximately 23% (n = 97) reported sleeping less than 7 h per night and 25% (n = 105) reported fairly to very poor sleep quality. Students who reported more screen time for leisure went to bed significantly later (r = 0.213, p < 0.001). Students who spent more screen time for study/work tended to sleep shorter (r = - 0.108, p < 0.015). There was no significant association between screen time and sleep quality (p = 0.103). The results show a need for educational interventions to promote healthy sleep behaviour and to limit screen time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Liebig
- Department of General Practice, Medical Clinic 3, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Antje Bergmann
- Department of General Practice, Medical Clinic 3, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karen Voigt
- Department of General Practice, Medical Clinic 3, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Erika Balogh
- Department of Public Health Medicine, University of Pécs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Béla Birkas
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Pécs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Nora Faubl
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Pécs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Theresa Kraft
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry (IMB), Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Konrad Schöniger
- Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Henna Riemenschneider
- Department of General Practice, Medical Clinic 3, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Dietch JR, Huskey A, Dadeboe IO, Slavish DC, Taylor DJ. Intraindividual variability in sleep duration and college degree attainment. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:1291-1295. [PMID: 37722693 PMCID: PMC10578456 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2256845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to examine the relationship between sleep characteristics and college degree attainment. Participants were 968 college students (72% female; mean age 19.7 [1.7]). Participants completed a psychosocial and sleep questionnaire battery followed by one week of daily sleep diaries. Academic degree completion data was obtained from the university registrar 10 years later. Logistic regression examined whether mean and variability in sleep duration and sleep efficiency and insomnia symptoms predicted degree attainment, adjusting for age, gender, semester, grade point average (GPA), and perceived stress. The strongest predictors of degree attainment were female gender (OR = 0.67), greater age (OR = 1.32), GPA (OR = 1.97), and lower intraindividual variability in sleep duration (OR = 0.99). Results highlight the importance of examining variability in sleep duration in addition to mean sleep duration in predicting college retention. Future research should use a combination of objective and subjective measures to explore the impact of sleep factors, including variability, on degree completion and other academic metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Dietch
- School of Psychological Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Alisa Huskey
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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Bani Issa W, Hijazi H, Radwan H, Saqan R, Al-Sharman A, Samsudin ABR, Fakhry R, Al-Yateem N, Rossiter RC, Ibrahim A, Moustafa I, Naja F, Alameddine M, Abbas N, Abdelrahim DN, Al-Shujairi A, Awad M. Evaluation of the effectiveness of sleep hygiene education and FITBIT devices on quality of sleep and psychological worry: a pilot quasi-experimental study among first-year college students. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1182758. [PMID: 37680271 PMCID: PMC10482237 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1182758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background College students report disturbed sleep patterns that can negatively impact their wellbeing and academic performance. Objectives This study examined the effect of a 4-week sleep hygiene program that included sleep education and actigraph sleep trackers (FITBITs) on improving sleep quality and reducing psychological worry without control group. Design settings and participants A pilot quasi-experimental design, participants were randomly selected medical and health sciences from a university students in the United-Arab-Emirates. Methods Students were asked to wear FITBITs and log their daily sleep data and completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ). Extensive sleep hygiene education was delivered via lectures, a WhatsApp group, and the Blackboard platform. In total, 50 students completed pre-and post-assessments and returned FITBIT data. Results There was a significant difference in the prevalence of good sleep postintervention compared with pre-intervention (46% vs. 28%; p = 0.0126). The mean PSQI score was significantly lower post-intervention compared with pre-intervention (6.17 ± 3.16 vs. 7.12.87; p = 0.04, Cohen's d 0.33). After the intervention, subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, and daytime dysfunction were significantly improved compared with pre-intervention (p < 0.05). In addition, FITBIT data showed total sleep time and the number of restless episodes per night were significantly improved postintervention compared with pre-intervention (p = 0.013). The mean PSWQ score significantly decreased from pre-intervention to p = 0.049, Cohen' d = 0.25. The correlation between PSQI and PSWQ scores was significant post-intervention (β = 0.40, p = 0.02). Conclusion Our results may inform university educational policy and curricular reform to incorporate sleep hygiene awareness programs to empower students and improve their sleep habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wegdan Bani Issa
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Heba Hijazi
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hadia Radwan
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Roba Saqan
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alham Al-Sharman
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - A. B. Rani Samsudin
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Randa Fakhry
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nabeel Al-Yateem
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rachel C. Rossiter
- School of Nursing, Paramedicine and Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Ali Ibrahim
- College of Business and Economics, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ibrahim Moustafa
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farah Naja
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamad Alameddine
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nada Abbas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dana N. Abdelrahim
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Manal Awad
- University Dental Hospital Sharjah, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Barley BK, Gao C, Luster T, Porro A, Parizi-Robinson M, Quigley D, Zinke P, Scullin MK. Chronotype in college science students is associated with behavioral choices and can fluctuate across a semester. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:710-724. [PMID: 37080776 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2203251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Many students self-report that they are "night owls," which can result from neurodevelopmental delays in the circadian timing system. However, whether an individual considers themselves to be an evening-type versus a morning-type (self-reported chronotype) may also be influenced by academic demands (e.g. class start times, course load) and behavioral habits (e.g. bedtime social media use, late caffeine consumption, daytime napping). If so, then chronotype should be malleable. We surveyed 858 undergraduate students enrolled in demanding science courses at up to three time points. The survey assessed morning/evening chronotype, global sleep quality, academics, and behavioral habits. Evening and morning-type students showed similar demographics, stress levels, and academic demands. At baseline measurements, relative to morning-types, evening-types showed significantly worse sleep quality and duration as well as 22% greater bedtime social media usage, 27% greater daytime napping duration, and 46% greater likelihood of consuming caffeine after 5pm. These behavioral habits partially mediated the effects of self-reported chronotype on sleep quality/duration, even after controlling for demographic factors. Interestingly, 54 students reported switching from being at least moderate evening-types at baseline to being at least moderate morning-types later in the semester and 56 students showed the reverse pattern (6.3% of students switched from "definitely" one chronotype to the other chronotype). Evening-to-morning "chrono-switchers" consumed less caffeine after 5pm and showed significantly better sleep quantity/quality at the later timepoint. Thus, some students may consider themselves to be night owls in part because they consume caffeine later, take more daytime naps, or use more social media at bedtime. Experimental work is needed to determine whether nudging night owls to behave like morning larks results in better sleep health or academic achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake K Barley
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Chenlu Gao
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Taylor Luster
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Abbye Porro
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | | | - Dena Quigley
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Paul Zinke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Michael K Scullin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
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22
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Steffey MA, Scharf VF, Risselada M, Buote NJ, Griffon D, Winter AL, Zamprogno H. A narrative review of the pathophysiology and impacts of insufficient and disrupted sleep. THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL = LA REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE 2023; 64:579-587. [PMID: 37265804 PMCID: PMC10204879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Despite substantial ramifications of insufficient sleep on mental and physical health and general well-being, many individuals are unaware of what constitutes sufficient sleep, or of the short- and long-term extent of sleep deficiency effects, including those that may not be perceived as fatigue. Objectives and procedures This review describes the physiology of sleep, defines healthy standards, reviews the pathophysiology and health hazards of acute and chronic sleep insufficiency, and offers concepts for improving individual sleep hygiene. Online databases were searched to extract literature pertaining to sleep, sleep insufficiency, fatigue, and health, with emphasis on literature published in the preceding 5 years. Results The detrimental effects of acute and chronic sleep loss vary in their range and impact. Individuals often obtain a substandard quantity of sleep, a problem that is poorly recognized by individuals and society. This lack of recognition perpetuates a culture in which sleep insufficiency is accepted, resulting in serious and substantial negative impacts on mental and physical health. Conclusion and clinical relevance Sleep management is one of the most fundamental and changeable aspects of personal health. Improving awareness of the important physiological roles of sleep, healthy sleep habits, and the consequence of insufficient sleep is essential in promoting general well-being and mental and physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele A Steffey
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA (Steffey); Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, USA (Scharf ); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA (Risselada); Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA, (Buote); College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 East Second Street, Pomona, California 91766, USA (Griffon); Merck Manuals Department, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA (Winter); Surgery Department, Evidensia Oslo Dyresykehus, Ensjøveien 14, 0655, Oslo, Norway (Zamprogno)
| | - Valery F Scharf
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA (Steffey); Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, USA (Scharf ); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA (Risselada); Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA, (Buote); College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 East Second Street, Pomona, California 91766, USA (Griffon); Merck Manuals Department, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA (Winter); Surgery Department, Evidensia Oslo Dyresykehus, Ensjøveien 14, 0655, Oslo, Norway (Zamprogno)
| | - Marije Risselada
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA (Steffey); Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, USA (Scharf ); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA (Risselada); Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA, (Buote); College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 East Second Street, Pomona, California 91766, USA (Griffon); Merck Manuals Department, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA (Winter); Surgery Department, Evidensia Oslo Dyresykehus, Ensjøveien 14, 0655, Oslo, Norway (Zamprogno)
| | - Nicole J Buote
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA (Steffey); Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, USA (Scharf ); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA (Risselada); Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA, (Buote); College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 East Second Street, Pomona, California 91766, USA (Griffon); Merck Manuals Department, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA (Winter); Surgery Department, Evidensia Oslo Dyresykehus, Ensjøveien 14, 0655, Oslo, Norway (Zamprogno)
| | - Dominique Griffon
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA (Steffey); Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, USA (Scharf ); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA (Risselada); Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA, (Buote); College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 East Second Street, Pomona, California 91766, USA (Griffon); Merck Manuals Department, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA (Winter); Surgery Department, Evidensia Oslo Dyresykehus, Ensjøveien 14, 0655, Oslo, Norway (Zamprogno)
| | - Alexandra L Winter
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA (Steffey); Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, USA (Scharf ); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA (Risselada); Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA, (Buote); College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 East Second Street, Pomona, California 91766, USA (Griffon); Merck Manuals Department, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA (Winter); Surgery Department, Evidensia Oslo Dyresykehus, Ensjøveien 14, 0655, Oslo, Norway (Zamprogno)
| | - Helia Zamprogno
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA (Steffey); Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, USA (Scharf ); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA (Risselada); Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA, (Buote); College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 East Second Street, Pomona, California 91766, USA (Griffon); Merck Manuals Department, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA (Winter); Surgery Department, Evidensia Oslo Dyresykehus, Ensjøveien 14, 0655, Oslo, Norway (Zamprogno)
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Shanbhog M S, Medikonda J. A clinical and technical methodological review on stress detection and sleep quality prediction in an academic environment. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 235:107521. [PMID: 37044054 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health in recent times is a much talked about topic and its effects on the sleep health of the students are said to result in long-term health issues if not identified and resolved. Students who are subjected to psychological stress have often been reported to have lower sleep quality which together has affected the academic performance of the students. OBJECTIVE While stress has its adverse effect on students'quality of sleep, an effort is also made to identify standard techniques and tools to automatically assess stress levels and sleep quality in a non-invasive environment among students only. This article mainly focuses on the Clinical and technical methodology employed in stress level detection and sleep quality prediction among students. METHODS This study was conducted by examining all research studies conducted in the past with respect to students in an academic setting from year 2000 to early 2022. The papers under study where finalised based on different methodologies involved in stress level detection and sleep quality prediction considering both in unimodal and multimodal measurements. RESULTS While questionnaires and physiological signals are used as a standard measuring tool, it is mostly used in a unimodal environment to measure students' mental stress or sleep quality in academic settings. CONCLUSION This paper describes in detail the clinical aspect of the association between mental stress, sleep quality, and academic performance in students followed by technical aspects to analyse the stress levels and sleep quality both qualitatively and quantitatively in an academic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharisha Shanbhog M
- Biomedical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104 India.
| | - Jeevan Medikonda
- Biomedical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104 India.
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24
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Burns RD, Bilic A, Bai Y, Brusseau TA, Lucero JE, King Jensen JL. Bidirectional associations of physical activity, sleep, and self-reported mental health in young adults participating in an online wellness intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1168702. [PMID: 37325310 PMCID: PMC10264583 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1168702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the bidirectional associations of physical activity (PA), sleep, and mental health in young adults participating in an online wellness intervention from October 2021 to April 2022. Methods Participants were a sample of undergraduate students from one US university (N = 89; 28.0% freshman; 73.0% female). The intervention was a 1-h health coaching session that was delivered either once or twice by peer health coaches on Zoom during COVID-19. The number of coaching sessions was determined by random allocation of participants to experimental groups. Lifestyle and mental health assessments were collected at two separate assessment timepoints after each session. PA was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form. Weekday and weekend sleep were assessed by two one-item questionnaires and mental health was calculated from five items. Cross-lagged panel models (CLPMs) examined the crude bidirectional associations of PA, sleep, and mental health across four-time waves (i.e., T1 through T4). To control for individual unit effects and time-invariant covariates, linear dynamic panel-data estimation using maximum likelihood and structural equation modeling (ML-SEM) was also employed. Results ML-SEMs showed that mental health predicted future weekday sleep (β = 0.46, p < 0.001) and weekend sleep predicted future mental health (β = 0.11, p = 0.028). Although CLPMs showed significant associations between T2 PA and T3 mental health (β = 0.27, p = 0.002), no associations were observed when unit effects and time-invariant covariates were accounted for. Conclusion Self-reported mental health was a positive predictor of weekday sleep and weekend sleep positively predicted mental health during the online wellness intervention.
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25
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Chan NY, Wu WJ, Chan JWY, Chan KCC, Li AM, Chan SSM, Hau KT, Wing YK. Sleep and academic performance among students in Hong Kong: Curvilinear relationship suggesting an optimal amount of sleep. Sleep Med 2023; 106:97-105. [PMID: 37079951 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to elucidate the association between sleep and academic performance using standardized academic assessment in a large and representative sample of school children and adolescents in Hong Kong. METHODS This school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016. Students completed territory-wide standardized tests in Chinese, English, and Mathematics and a set of questionnaires covering sleep, academic anxiety and motivation. Parents provided additional information on socioeconomic status and children's study behaviors. Weekday proxy sleep duration was reflected by time-in-bed, the difference between bedtime and wakeup time. RESULTS The study included 4262 Grade 3 (G.3) (mean age [SD], 9.2 [0.6] years; girls: 49.7%) and 3297 G.9 students (mean age [SD], 15.3 [0.74]; girls: 57.5%) from 77 schools. Apart from showing a general insufficiency of students' sleep in this metropolitan city, there was a significant quadratic relationship (G.3: β = -0.05, p < .001; G.9: β = -0.03, p < .01), indicating that students with an optimal level of sleep (9.5 h and 8.5 h in G.3 and G.9, respectively) tend to have better academic performance. The significant association remained after controlling for socioeconomic and study-related variables in that sleeping too little or too much was associated with poor academic performance. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to explore the curvilinear association between sleep duration and academic performance by using standardized test and simultaneously examining learning-related controls with a large representative sample in Hong Kong. The findings suggested that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and academic performance in both school-aged children and adolescents. It is recommended that systematic sleep education and intervention is necessary to encourage the development of optimal sleep pattern, which might have beneficial effect on academic performance for students at both primary and secondary level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngan Yin Chan
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wen Jie Wu
- Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joey Wing Yan Chan
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kate Ching Ching Chan
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Albert Martin Li
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sandra Sau Man Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kit Tai Hau
- Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yun Kwok Wing
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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26
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Al-Haifi AR, Al-Awadhi BA, Bumaryoum NY, Alajmi FA, Ashkanani RH, Al-Hazzaa HM. The association between academic performance indicators and lifestyle behaviors among Kuwaiti college students. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2023; 42:27. [PMID: 37016438 PMCID: PMC10071657 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00370-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle behaviors are developed during young adulthood and carried through life. Accordingly, early detection of unhealthy behaviors can help prevent the increase in non-communicable diseases in the population. College students are an especially vulnerable group who, upon entering a new environment, tend to engage in unhealthy behaviors. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to evaluate the lifestyle behaviors of Kuwaiti college students and their association with markers of academic achievements. METHODS One thousand two hundred fifty-nine students participated in the present study and answered an online questionnaire pertaining to their sociodemographic status, academic performance indicators, body weight and height, and lifestyle behaviors. Data were collected from November 2020 to February 2021. RESULTS Results of the present study showed that obesity was significantly more prevalent among male participants than among females even though males were more physically active. Alternatively, females had a greater grade point average in college, slept more, and had more screen time. Interestingly, we were unable to detect a significant correlation between lifestyle behaviors and academic achievements. CONCLUSION The observed differences in body mass index between genders may have been attributed to energy intake rather than energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R Al-Haifi
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Health Sciences, PAAET, Showaikh, Kuwait.
| | - Balqees A Al-Awadhi
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Health Sciences, PAAET, Showaikh, Kuwait
| | - Nayef Y Bumaryoum
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Health Sciences, PAAET, Showaikh, Kuwait
| | - Fahhad A Alajmi
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Health Sciences, PAAET, Showaikh, Kuwait
| | - Rasha H Ashkanani
- Department of Home Economics, Basic Education Collage, PAAET, Showaikh, Kuwait
| | - Hazzaa M Al-Hazzaa
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Samuolis J. Sleep difficulties and psychological distress among college students during a COVID-19 campus red alert. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-5. [PMID: 36943235 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2185451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The current study examined the extent to which pandemic-specific psychological distress symptoms and perceived stress were associated with sleep difficulties among college students. Participants: Participants included 203 full-time undergraduates from a medium-sized university located in the U.S. Methods: A survey was administered online in December of 2020. Results: Regression analyses showed pandemic-specific psychological distress was associated with the three sleep difficulties. Perceived stress was also associated with these three sleep difficulties of falling asleep (B = 0.078, SE = 0.013, p = .000), difficulty staying asleep (B = 0.080, SE = 0.014, p = .000), and with waking too early (B = 0.043, SE = 0.014, p = .003), and mediated the relationship between psychological distress and each of the sleep difficulties. Conclusions: During public health emergencies health promotion strategies to promote sleep health should include psychoeducational strategies specifically addressing pandemic-specific psychological distress symptoms and perceived stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Samuolis
- Department of Psychology, Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, Connecticut, USA
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28
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Ngo TP, Antisdel JL, Xing K, Reising DL. Relationships Between Remote Learning Modalities and Nursing Students' Perceptions of Their Sleep Quality During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nurse Educ 2023; 48:E41-E46. [PMID: 36730031 PMCID: PMC9936842 DOI: 10.1097/nne.0000000000001320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between learning modalities and nursing students' sleep quality during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is unknown. PURPOSE This study examined the relationships between remote learning and the sleep quality of nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Using a cross-sectional descriptive design, 890 nursing students were surveyed online to identify sleeping habits and learning modalities. RESULTS There were no significant correlations between remote learning hours, self-reported sleep hours, and sleep quality. The asynchronous-only group reported better sleep quality than the in-person and online hybrid group after controlling for health conditions and grade point average. Students who reported that remote learning had impacted their sleep had poorer sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insight into how different learning modalities impact nursing students' sleep quality during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thye Peng Ngo
- Assistant Professor and PhD Candidate (Mr Ngo), Department of Nursing, Glendale Community College, Glendale, California, and School of Nursing, Indiana University, Indianapolis; Assistant Professor and PhD Candidate (Ms Antisdel), School of Nursing, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, Indiana, and School of Nursing, Indiana University, Indianapolis; Director of Assessment and Research and Assistant Professor (Dr Xing), Center for Healthcare Improvement and Patient Simulation, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; and Professor (Dr Reising), School of Nursing, Indiana University, Bloomington
| | - J'Andra L. Antisdel
- Assistant Professor and PhD Candidate (Mr Ngo), Department of Nursing, Glendale Community College, Glendale, California, and School of Nursing, Indiana University, Indianapolis; Assistant Professor and PhD Candidate (Ms Antisdel), School of Nursing, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, Indiana, and School of Nursing, Indiana University, Indianapolis; Director of Assessment and Research and Assistant Professor (Dr Xing), Center for Healthcare Improvement and Patient Simulation, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; and Professor (Dr Reising), School of Nursing, Indiana University, Bloomington
| | - Kuan Xing
- Assistant Professor and PhD Candidate (Mr Ngo), Department of Nursing, Glendale Community College, Glendale, California, and School of Nursing, Indiana University, Indianapolis; Assistant Professor and PhD Candidate (Ms Antisdel), School of Nursing, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, Indiana, and School of Nursing, Indiana University, Indianapolis; Director of Assessment and Research and Assistant Professor (Dr Xing), Center for Healthcare Improvement and Patient Simulation, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; and Professor (Dr Reising), School of Nursing, Indiana University, Bloomington
| | - Deanna L. Reising
- Assistant Professor and PhD Candidate (Mr Ngo), Department of Nursing, Glendale Community College, Glendale, California, and School of Nursing, Indiana University, Indianapolis; Assistant Professor and PhD Candidate (Ms Antisdel), School of Nursing, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, Indiana, and School of Nursing, Indiana University, Indianapolis; Director of Assessment and Research and Assistant Professor (Dr Xing), Center for Healthcare Improvement and Patient Simulation, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; and Professor (Dr Reising), School of Nursing, Indiana University, Bloomington
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Badri M, Alkhaili M, Aldhaheri H, Yang G, Albahar M, Alrashdi A. From good sleep to health and to quality of life – a path analysis of determinants of sleep quality of working adults in Abu Dhabi. SLEEP SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s41606-023-00083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sleep quality has significant impacts on many aspects of quality of life. Therefore, identifying the association of sleep quality with that quality of life domains could lead to deeper insights for social policymakers and professionals to enhance their understanding of the lives of Abu Dhabi working adults. This research focuses on sleep quality among working people in Abu Dhabi. The direct and indirect associations of sleep quality with various quality-of-life domains such as income and housing, physical and mental health, sport and activities, eating habits and obesity, work-life balance, online hours, and social connections are investigated and discussed.
Methods
Data were drawn from 36,515 full-time employees in both public, and private sectors, obtained from the third Abu Dhabi Quality of Life (QoL) survey aimed to cover all community members using online platforms. Informed by international research on sleep quality, preliminary investigation using correlation analysis and simple regression identified many well-being variables deemed necessary for inclusion in the path model. Path analysis was then performed.
Results
The final path model produced excellent fit measures. The significant variables directly associated with sleep quality included sleeping hours, social connection, satisfaction with income, satisfaction with residence, subjective physical and mental health, income satisfaction, satisfaction with the surrounding environment, frequency of eating healthy food, work-life balance, and online time. In addition, most variables recorded an indirect association to sleep quality through subjective health.
Conclusions
The importance of multidimensional linkages between many well-being factors influencing sleep quality and subjective health is underscored.
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Kay DB, Simmons Z, Nielson SA, Braithwaite SR, Esplin C. A First Glimpse at the Latent Structure of Sleep Valuation Using a Sleep Valuation Item Bank. Nat Sci Sleep 2023; 15:127-137. [PMID: 36974200 PMCID: PMC10039622 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s386838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sleep valuation is the relative worth individuals place on sleep. Our prior study using a Sleep Valuation Item Bank (SVIB) showed that sleep valuation relates to age, gender, and health status. In this study, the psychometric properties of the SVIB and its latent factor structure were explored. We also investigated how sleep valuation factors relate to demographic, psychological, and sleep features. Methods Participants (N = 854) were recruited through TurkPRIME and completed a survey consisting of demographic, psychological, and sleep-related questions. The distributional properties of the SVIB items were quantified. Cronbach's alpha and correlation analyses were used to assess the internal consistency and test-retest reliability of SVIB items. Iterated principal factoring with a Promax rotation was used on the SVIB to explore its latent factor structure. Multiple regression analyses were used to investigate the variables associated with each factor. Results The factor analysis identified 29 items with factor loadings ≥0.4 on four major factors, tentatively called (1) sleep wanting, (2) sleep prioritizing, (3) sleep onset preference, and (4) sleep devaluation. While women had higher sleep wanting and lower sleep devaluation scores than men, they had lower sleep prioritizing. Older individuals tended to value sleep less but also devalued it less than younger participants. Finally, although both individuals with insomnia and depression devalued sleep, depressed individuals prioritized it more than those who were less depressed, while individuals with insomnia symptoms wanted sleep and preferred sleep onset more than those with less insomnia symptoms. Discussion The current SVIB captures broad dimensions of sleep valuation (wanting, prioritizing, preferring) and sleep devaluation. These broad dimensions had distinct patterns across person-level factors. Recognition of individual differences in sleep valuation may help target sleep health advocacy efforts and individualized treatment approaches, including for those with depression or insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Kay
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
- Correspondence: Daniel B Kay, Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, UT 1090 KMBL, Provo, UT, 84602, USA, Tel +1 801 422-7949, Email
| | - Zach Simmons
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Spencer A Nielson
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Charlotte Esplin
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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Pattanaik S, Fastring D, Bateman RC. A Longitudinal Pilot Study of Stress and Sleep in First-Year Osteopathic Medical Students. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION AND CURRICULAR DEVELOPMENT 2023; 10:23821205231179532. [PMID: 37324050 PMCID: PMC10265315 DOI: 10.1177/23821205231179532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Poor sleep quality is thought to be a contributor to medical student stress. The authors evaluated the effect of high and low periods of academic stress on sleep quality and quantity in first-year medical students. METHODS A group of 25 students in their first year of medical school were provided Fitbit Charge 3 activity trackers for continual use and were surveyed at 4 intervals to assess stress level, sleep quantity, and sleep quality. Fitbit data were collected through the Fitbit mobile app and uploaded to the Fitabase (Small Steps Labs, LLC) server. Data collection times were scheduled around the academic exam schedule. Weeks in which testing occurred were identified as high-stress periods. Results from assessments were compared to nontesting periods of low stress. RESULTS During stressful periods, students slept an average of one hour less per 24-h period, took more naps, and reported poorer sleep quality than during the low-stress periods. No significant change was seen in the 4 surveyed intervals in sleep efficiency or sleep stages. CONCLUSION Students slept less and had poorer quality sleep in their main sleep event during stressful periods but attempted to compensate with increased napping and weekend catchup sleep. The objective Fitbit activity tracker data were consistent with and validated the self-reported survey data. Activity trackers could potentially be used to optimize the efficiency and quality of both student napping and main sleep events as one component of a stress reduction program for medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle Fastring
- College of Osteopathic Medicine,
William Carey University, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Robert C. Bateman
- College of Osteopathic Medicine,
William Carey University, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
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Knapik JJ, Caldwell JA, Steelman RA, Trone DW, Farina EK, Lieberman HR. Short sleep duration is associated with a wide variety of medical conditions among United States military service members. Sleep Med 2023; 101:283-295. [PMID: 36470164 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This cross-sectional study investigated self-reported sleep duration and its association with a comprehensive range of clinically-diagnosed medical condition categories (CDMCs), as well as the relationship between short sleep duration (≤6 h) and demographic/lifestyle factors, among United States military service members (SMs). METHODS A stratified random sample of SMs (n = 20,819) completed an online questionnaire on usual daily hours of sleep and demographic/lifestyle characteristics. CDMCs for a six-month period prior to questionnaire completion were obtained from a comprehensive military electronic medical surveillance system and grouped into 33 CDMCs covering both broad and specific medical conditions. Prevalence of CDMCs was compared among three sleep duration categories (≤4, 5-6 and ≥7 h). RESULTS SMs reported a mean ± standard deviation of 6.3 ± 1.4 h of sleep per day. After adjustment for demographic/lifestyle characteristics, shorter sleep duration was associated with higher odds of a medical condition in 25 of 33 CDMCs, with most (n = 20) demonstrating a dose-response relationship. The five CDMCs with the largest differences between ≤4 vs ≥ 7 h sleep were: diseases of the nervous system (odds ratio [OR] = 2.9, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] = 2.4-3.4), mental/behavioral diseases (OR = 2.7, 95%CI = 2.3-3.2), diseases of the musculoskeletal system (OR = 1.9, 95%CI = 1.6-2.1), diseases of the circulatory system (OR = 1.7, 95%CI = 1.3-2.2), and diseases of the digestive system (OR = 1.6, 95%CI = 1.2-2.0). Six hours of sleep or less was independently associated with older age, less formal education, race, Hispanic ethnicity, higher body mass index, smoking, and military service branch. CONCLUSIONS In this young, physically active population, reporting shorter sleep duration was associated with a higher risk of multiple CDMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Knapik
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Natick, MA, 01760, USA.
| | - John A Caldwell
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Natick, MA, 01760, USA; Laulima Government Solutions, 5301 Buckystown Pike, STE 460, Frederick, MD, 21704, USA
| | - Ryan A Steelman
- U.S. Army Public Health Center, 8252 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010, USA
| | - Daniel W Trone
- Naval Health Research Center, Building 329, Ryne Rd, San Diego, CA, 92152, USA
| | - Emily K Farina
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| | - Harris R Lieberman
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
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Garbers S, Umar NQ, Hand RE, Usseglio J, Gold MA, Bruzzese JM. Mind-Body Integrative Health (MBIH) Interventions for Sleep among Adolescents: A Scoping Review of Implementation, Participation and Outcomes. ADOLESCENT RESEARCH REVIEW 2022; 7:565-589. [PMID: 36619475 PMCID: PMC9815202 DOI: 10.1007/s40894-021-00176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents get insufficient sleep, adversely affecting health. Mind-body integrative health interventions for adolescents have been shown to reduce stress, a barrier to good sleep. This scoping review aimed to synthesize mind-body integrative health interventions for adolescents, how interventions were implemented, who was reached. A systematic search of four online databases was conducted. Randomized, quasi-experimental, and single-group designs with participants ages 10-24 years were included. Twelve studies covering 10 interventions using mindfulness, qigong, aromatherapy, or yoga were identified. Participants were predominantly female; only one study reported participants' race or ethnicity (81% non-Hispanic white). Most (n=6) interventions were delivered in groups, and half reported significant improvements in subjective sleep quality. Mindfulness-based stress reduction and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy were the most commonly used modalities, with reported impact on sleep outcomes measured objectively. The two interventions that found statistically significant, moderate improvements in objectively-measured sleep onset latency and sleep efficiency were of higher intensity and used mindfulness. Four interventions were self-directed; participants in these struggled with adherence; significant impacts on sleep were not found. While findings were mixed, stemming in part from the quality of the underlying studies, this review identified several promising features of interventions, including using mindfulness, ensuring sufficient intervention dose, and targeting interventions towards adolescents with poor sleep at baseline (rather than a general population of adolescents). The findings suggests that sleep interventions for adolescents may improve psychological well-being as an intermediate effect, as sleep improvements were observed mostly among participants with poor sleep quality or anxiety symptoms at baseline. This review identified several gaps in the literature. Despite documented racial and ethnic disparities in sleep quality among adolescents, published evidence of mind-body integrative health-based sleep interventions among Black and Latinx adolescents is lacking. None of the studies in this review assessed developmental stage or age differences, despite documented differences in sleep across age groups of adolescents. These two gaps in the evidence should be addressed in future intervention research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Garbers
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Heilbrunn Department of Population & Family Health, New York, NY
| | - Nawal Q. Umar
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
| | - Rachel E. Hand
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
| | - John Usseglio
- Augustus C. Long Health Sciences Library, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Melanie A. Gold
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Heilbrunn Department of Population & Family Health, New York, NY
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child and Adolescent Health, New York, NY
- New York-Presbyterian, School-Based Health Centers, New York, NY
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Almarzouki AF, Mandili RL, Salloom J, Kamal LK, Alharthi O, Alharthi S, Khayyat N, Baglagel AM. The Impact of Sleep and Mental Health on Working Memory and Academic Performance: A Longitudinal Study. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1525. [PMID: 36358451 PMCID: PMC9688482 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep and mental health can affect cognition and academic performance. The present study aimed to investigate the relationships between sleep, mental health, working memory, and academic performance. We collected demographic data from university students during the non-academic summer period and the academic term. We also measured academic performance (GPA), sleep (PSQI), depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), and disordered social media use (SMDS). Working memory was assessed by the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). We assessed 83 students (42.2% male) with a mean age of 21 years. Compared to the non-academic summer period, students had significantly worse sleep and distress scores in the academic term. Anxiety, depression, and distress scores were significantly correlated with worse sleep quality. Despite worse mental health and sleep in the academic term, working memory improved compared to the non-academic summer period and was also correlated with a higher GPA. However, a higher GPA was significantly associated with longer sleep latency, increased sleep disturbances, and increased use of sleep medication. Students experiencing poor sleep suffered from poor mental health, although they maintained high GPA and working memory scores. Cognitive resilience, including higher working memory, may mask poor sleep quality and mental health among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer F. Almarzouki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahaf L. Mandili
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joud Salloom
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lujain K. Kamal
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omimah Alharthi
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah Alharthi
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nusaiba Khayyat
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa M. Baglagel
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Hinkson KD, Drake-Brooks MM, Christensen KL, Chatterley MD, Robinson AK, Crowell SE, Williams PG, Bryan CJ. An examination of the mental health and academic performance of student veterans. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:2334-2341. [PMID: 33400638 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1858837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to provide a more comprehensive look into the demographics of the veteran student subpopulation while exploring the relationship between the mental health of student veterans and their academic performance. Methods: A nationwide anonymous survey was distributed to student veterans who were enrolled in postsecondary institutions. Results: A large number of participants reported distress with symptoms of PTSD, depression, sleep disturbances, and/or suicidal ideation and attempts, and screened likely for mental health problems in these areas. Participants also endorsed academic problems ranging from the ability to stay focused to failing tests and quizzes. Additional findings demonstrated a positive association between GPA and both PTSD and depression. Conclusion: These findings can be used as a platform upon which to begin the discussion on the implications for mental health professionals, administrators, and educators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent D Hinkson
- National Center for Veterans Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Sheila E Crowell
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Paula G Williams
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Craig J Bryan
- National Center for Veterans Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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36
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Vik FN, Nilsen T, Øverby NC. Associations between sleep deficit and academic achievement - triangulation across time and subject domains among students and teachers in TIMSS in Norway. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1790. [PMID: 36131267 PMCID: PMC9494780 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14161-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sufficient sleep is important to an individual’s health and well-being, but also for school achievement among adolescents. This study investigates the associations between sleepiness, sleep deficits, and school achievements among adolescents. Methods This trend study involved a representative sample of Norwegian adolescents based on the “Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study” (TIMSS), N = 4499 (2015) and N = 4685 (2019) and their teachers. The students were 9th graders from a Norwegian compulsory secondary school. The survey included questions on students’ sleepiness as students reported in 2019 and sleep deficits among students that limited teaching in class as their teachers reported in 2015 and 2019. Regression, triangulation, and mediation analyses were used. Mplus was used to perform the statistical analyses. Results The results revealed significant negative associations between sleep deficits and school achievements, adjusted for gender, socioeconomic status (SES), and minority status among Norwegian 9th graders. These results were found for both mathematics and science achievements in 2015 and 2019. Sleepiness that the students reported was negatively associated with school achievements in 2019. Trend and mediation analyses showed that sleep deficits explained 18 and 11% of the decrease in mathematics and science achievements, respectively, from 2015 to 2019. Conclusions Sleep deficits were associated with school achievements in mathematics and science among Norwegian 9th graders. Mediation analyses revealed that sleep deficits explained a significant part of the decline in academic achievements. Insufficient sleep may have negative public health implications and influence adolescents’ academic achievements and competences, and should therefore be discussed in both the educational and health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frøydis N Vik
- Center for Lifecourse Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Public health, University of Agder, Post box 422, 4604, Kristiansand, Norway.
| | - Trude Nilsen
- Department of Teacher Education and School Research, University of Oslo, Niels Henrik Abels hus, Moltke Moes vei 35, 0851, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina C Øverby
- Center for Lifecourse Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Public health, University of Agder, Post box 422, 4604, Kristiansand, Norway
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De Fazio R, Mattei V, Al-Naami B, De Vittorio M, Visconti P. Methodologies and Wearable Devices to Monitor Biophysical Parameters Related to Sleep Dysfunctions: An Overview. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13081335. [PMID: 36014257 PMCID: PMC9412310 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is crucial for human health from metabolic, mental, emotional, and social points of view; obtaining good sleep in terms of quality and duration is fundamental for maintaining a good life quality. Over the years, several systems have been proposed in the scientific literature and on the market to derive metrics used to quantify sleep quality as well as detect sleep disturbances and disorders. In this field, wearable systems have an important role in the discreet, accurate, and long-term detection of biophysical markers useful to determine sleep quality. This paper presents the current state-of-the-art wearable systems and software tools for sleep staging and detecting sleep disorders and dysfunctions. At first, the paper discusses sleep's functions and the importance of monitoring sleep to detect eventual sleep disturbance and disorders. Afterward, an overview of prototype and commercial headband-like wearable devices to monitor sleep is presented, both reported in the scientific literature and on the market, allowing unobtrusive and accurate detection of sleep quality markers. Furthermore, a survey of scientific works related the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep functions, attributable to both infection and lifestyle changes. In addition, a survey of algorithms for sleep staging and detecting sleep disorders is introduced based on an analysis of single or multiple biosignals (EEG-electroencephalography, ECG-electrocardiography, EMG-electromyography, EOG-electrooculography, etc.). Lastly, comparative analyses and insights are provided to determine the future trends related to sleep monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto De Fazio
- Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Veronica Mattei
- Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Bassam Al-Naami
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Massimo De Vittorio
- Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Italian Technology Institute IIT, 73010 Arnesano, Italy
| | - Paolo Visconti
- Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Li L, Wu B, Patwary AK. The Psychosocial Factors Affecting Chinese Outbound Exchange and Mobility Students' Academic Performance During COVID-19. Front Psychol 2022; 13:872516. [PMID: 36017423 PMCID: PMC9397364 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.872516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has affected every aspect of our life, including economic, social, and academic. Exchange and mobility students face more difficulties overseas, and Chinese students are no exception. However, e-learning has been introduced by institutions in many countries. The present study examines the psychosocial factors affecting the academic performance of Chinese outbound exchange and mobility students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study surveys about 186 Chinese outbound exchange and mobility students. The present study performs the quantitative data analysis using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) through the Smart PLS software version 3. By confirming the measurement model and structural model assessments, the study finds that personality, social support, and language fluency are psychosocial factors that significantly influence the exchange and mobility students' academic performance. This study contributes by establishing relationships among psychosocial factors, language fluency and academic performance. Besides, practitioners can be benefitted by understanding students' psychosocial factors and its relation to academic performance during COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Li
- School of Management, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Baijun Wu
- School of Marxism Studies, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Ataul Karim Patwary
- Faculty of Hospitality, Tourism and Wellness, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
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Xu Y, Liu S, Chen Y. On the Problems and Countermeasures of College Students' Mental Health and Safe Work under Network Environment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2022:2993982. [PMID: 36034617 PMCID: PMC9410823 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2993982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Under the network environment, mental health and safety work on college is related to national security and campus security. Moreover, it affects the healthy development of college students. In the era of ever-changing mobile Internet, colleges and universities must take practical countermeasures against the problems in mental health and safety education on college and improve the relevance and effectiveness of college students' network safety education. This paper first finds the problems of college students' mental health and safety through questionnaire survey and analyzes the current situation of college students' mental health and safety under the current networked environment. In response to the problems found, we propose complete and systematic educational countermeasures. At the same time, we need to firmly establish the strategic awareness of network security education and strengthen the construction of network security education in colleges and universities. We should strengthen the construction of network security education in colleges and universities, form a joint effort of schools, families, government, and society, and improve the quality and effectiveness of network security education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xu
- School of Marxism, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Shuchao Liu
- Office of Science and Technology, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Yongdong Chen
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, China
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Patrono A, Renzetti S, Manco A, Brunelli P, Moncada SM, Macgowan MJ, Placidi D, Calza S, Cagna G, Rota M, Memo M, Tira M, Lucchini RG. COVID-19 Aftermath: Exploring the Mental Health Emergency among Students at a Northern Italian University. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148587. [PMID: 35886439 PMCID: PMC9318913 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the symptoms of physical and mental health associated with lifestyle changes due to a lockdown among the students of a university in Northern Italy, one of the most affected areas in Europe during the first wave of COVID-19. We examined the psychopathological variations in relation to mental health problems in a young population. The goal was to develop interventions to resolve these new psychosocial problems. From June to July 2020, students participated in an anonymous survey asking about habits and symptoms that emerged during the lockdown and the COVID-19 pandemic. Five health outcomes were assessed: digestive disorders; headaches; fear of COVID-19; panic and anxiety crises; and depression/sadness. The conditions and duration of the social isolation, lifestyle, SARS-CoV-2 infection in the household, financial situation, and productivity were considered in the analysis. A total of 3533 students completed the survey. The participants experienced headaches, depression and sadness, digestive disorders, a fear of COVID-19, and anxiety/panic crises. The duration of isolation was associated with an increased risk of digestive disorders, headaches, and COVID-19 fear. The female gender, medium–intense telephone usage, sleep quality, memory difficulties, and performance reduction were associated with an increased risk of the health outcomes. Future interventions should focus on promoting and implementing different habits with the support of health and university organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Patrono
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.R.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefano Renzetti
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (S.R.); (A.M.); (P.B.); (D.P.); (G.C.); (R.G.L.)
| | - Angela Manco
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (S.R.); (A.M.); (P.B.); (D.P.); (G.C.); (R.G.L.)
| | - Paola Brunelli
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (S.R.); (A.M.); (P.B.); (D.P.); (G.C.); (R.G.L.)
| | - Stefanny M. Moncada
- Departamento de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7590000, Chile;
| | - Mark J. Macgowan
- School of Social Work, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (S.R.); (A.M.); (P.B.); (D.P.); (G.C.); (R.G.L.)
| | - Stefano Calza
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Giuseppa Cagna
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (S.R.); (A.M.); (P.B.); (D.P.); (G.C.); (R.G.L.)
| | - Matteo Rota
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Maurizio Memo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Maurizio Tira
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics (DICATAM), University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Roberto G. Lucchini
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (S.R.); (A.M.); (P.B.); (D.P.); (G.C.); (R.G.L.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Rebello LJ, Roberts AW, Fenuta AM, Cote AT, Bodner ME. Sleep Quality and Sleep Behaviors in Varsity Athletes: A Pilot Study. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:906663. [PMID: 35813053 PMCID: PMC9256907 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.906663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep hygiene practices may hinder university athletes from obtaining quality sleep to support health and performance. We sought to provide a comprehensive evaluation of sleep quality and behaviors in varsity athletes using validated sleep questionnaires: the Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) and the Athlete Sleep Behavior Questionnaire (ASBQ). Sixty-four (n = 64) athletes participated (54% female; 71% Caucasian). The mean age was 20.3 ± 1.7 years and the mean BMI was 23.3 ± 3.3. Fifty-one percent met the threshold for adequate sleep (7+ h) and 54% reported being somewhat/very satisfied with sleep quality. Global scores for ASSQ Sleep Difficulty and ASBQ sleep behaviors were significantly correlated (r = 0.31; p = 0.014) and not significantly different across age, academic year, or residence. According to the ASSQ, 11% and 24% were classified as having severe or moderate sleep problems, respectively. The ASBQ categorized 62% as having “poor” sleep behaviors. Notable sleep-influencing factors included a high frequency of emotional/cognitive processing of sport-performance issues (46.9%), frequent use of light-emitting devices before bed (90%), training after 7 pm (65%), and the use of sleep medication (19%). Half of the university athletes did not meet the thresholds for adequate sleep, and some may require a referral for clinical sleep issues. The majority of these athletes' sleep behaviors do not promote adequate sleep. The ASSQ shows utility to assess gradations in clinical sleep difficulty; the ASBQ could be used in concert with the ASSQ to discern “cognitive and physiological arousal” targets for use in educational workshops designed to promote optimal sleep hygiene in university athletes.
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42
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Charest J, Grandner MA. Sleep and Athletic Performance: Impacts on Physical Performance, Mental Performance, Injury Risk and Recovery, and Mental Health: An Update. Sleep Med Clin 2022; 17:263-282. [PMID: 35659079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Sleep health is an important consideration for athletic performance. Athletes are at high risk of insufficient sleep duration, poor sleep quality, daytime sleepiness and fatigue, suboptimal sleep schedules, irregular sleep schedules, and sleep and circadian disorders. These issues likely have an impact on athletic performance via several domains. Sleep loss and/or poor sleep quality can impair muscular strength, speed, and other aspects of physical performance. Sleep issues can also increase risk of concussions and other injuries and impair recovery after injury. Cognitive performance is also impacted in several domains, including vigilance, learning and memory, decision making, and creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Charest
- Department of Psychology, Universite Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Centre for Sleep and Human Performance, #106, 51 Sunpark Drive Southeast, Calgary, Alberta T2X 3V4, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael A Grandner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, PO Box 245002, Tucson, AZ 8524-5002, USA.
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43
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Luo X, Hu C. Loneliness and sleep disturbance among first‐year college students: The sequential mediating effect of attachment anxiety and mobile social media dependence. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Luo
- Mental Health Education Center Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Chunnan Hu
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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44
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Flegenheimer C, Scherf KS. College as a Developmental Context for Emerging Adulthood in Autism: A Systematic Review of What We Know and Where We Go from Here. J Autism Dev Disord 2022; 52:2075-2097. [PMID: 34060001 PMCID: PMC8720487 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Autistic individuals often struggle to successfully navigate emerging adulthood (EA). College is an increasingly common context in which individuals learn and hone the necessary skills for adulthood. The goal of this paper is to systematically review and assess the existing research on college as a context of EA development in autistic individuals, particularly in terms of understanding whether and how this context might be critically different for those who are typically developing or developing with other disabilities. Our findings indicate that ASD college students report feeling prepared academically, but exhibit weaknesses in daily living and social skills. Interventions largely focus on social skills, and rarely evaluate outcomes relevant to college success or longer-term emerging adulthood independence. We conclude with hypotheses and recommendations for future work that are essential for understanding and supporting ASD students as they navigate potentially unique challenges in college and their transition to independence during EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaia Flegenheimer
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, 425 Moore Bldg., State College, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - K Suzanne Scherf
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, 425 Moore Bldg., State College, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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45
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Hjetland GJ, Skogen JC, Hysing M, Sivertsen B. The Association Between Self-Reported Screen Time, Social Media Addiction, and Sleep Among Norwegian University Students. Front Public Health 2022; 9:794307. [PMID: 34976935 PMCID: PMC8716598 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.794307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between daily screen time and sleep, evening screen time and sleep, and between social media addiction and sleep in a student population. This cross-sectional study is based on data from a national survey of all college and university students in Norway (the SHoT2018 study; n = 49,051). The sleep outcomes were sleep duration, sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, and insomnia operationalized according to formal DSM-5 criteria. The results show a strong negative association between time spent on screen-based devices and sleep quality and quantity, and where screen use in bed had more consistent negative associations with sleep. Furthermore, there were higher rates of insomnia among those with higher levels of addiction, and curvilinear relationships with sleep duration, sleep onset latency, and sleep efficiency. Those with higher levels of addiction also had more evening screen time. The findings suggest that screen use plays an important role in students' sleep quantity and quality, where evening screen time has a stronger relationship with sleep compared to total daily screen time. The results also suggest a role of social media addiction, and addictive social media use may be a target for intervention in order to reduce evening screen time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnhild J Hjetland
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jens C Skogen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Alcohol and Drug Research Western Norway, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Centre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Research and Innovation, Helse Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway.,Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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46
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Bai Y, Tan J, Liu X, Cui X, Li D, Yin H. Resting-state functional connectivity of the sensory/somatomotor network associated with sleep quality: evidence from 202 young male samples. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:1832-1841. [PMID: 35381969 PMCID: PMC8982909 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00654-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that sleep is associated with brain functional changes in some specific brain regions. However, few studies have examined the relationship between all possible functional connectivities (FCs) within the sensory/somatomotor network (SSN) and the sleep quality of young male samples. The SSN consists of two motor cortices and is known to play a critical role in sleep. Poor sleep quality may be associated with increased sensory/somatomotor functional connectivity during rest. Hence, 202 young male participants underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan and completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results indicated that increased functional connectivity within the SSN was associated with poor sleep quality. Specifically, the total PSQI score was positively correlated with the increased functional connectivity of the left paracentral lobule (PCL), bilateral precentral gyrus (PreCG), supplementary motor area (SMA) and bilateral postcentral gyrus (PoCG). Additionally, our findings also exhibited that (a) the subjective sleep quality factor of PSQI was positively correlated with FC between the bilateral PoCG and the bilateral PCL as well as between the left PreCG and the right SMA; (b) the sleep latency factor of PSQI was positively correlated with FC between the left PoCG and the right precuneus (PCUN); (c) the sleep disturbances factor of PSQI was positively correlated with FC between the left PCL and the right PoCG, and (d) the daytime dysfunction factor of PSQI was positively correlated with FC between the bilateral PoCG and the left PCL as well as between the bilateral PreCG and the SMA. In short, our findings can be comprehensively understood as neural mechanisms of intrinsic SSN connectivity are associated with sleep quality of man. Meanwhile, it may expand our knowledge and provide new insight into a deeper understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms of sleep or sleep problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youling Bai
- School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha, 410081, China.,Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha, 410081, China
| | - Jiawen Tan
- School of art and education, Chizhou University, Chizhou, 247000, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha, 410081, China.,Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha, 410081, China
| | - Xiaobing Cui
- School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha, 410081, China.,Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha, 410081, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha, 410081, China. .,Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha, 410081, China.
| | - Huazhan Yin
- School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha, 410081, China. .,Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha, 410081, China.
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47
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Zepp C, Ohlert J, Kleinert J. Sleep Quality and Well-Being in Junior Elite Athletes. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR SPORTPSYCHOLOGIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1026/1612-5010/a000369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Little cross-sectional and even less longitudinal research has been conducted on sleep quality and well-being in junior elite athletes. This study analyzed the relationship between subjective sleep quality and both psychological and physiological well-being in junior elite athletes using both a cross-sectional ( N = 625 athletes; 49.9 % = female; M = 16.4 years, SD = 3.5 years) and a longitudinal approach ( n = 79; 44.3 % = female; M = 16.4 years, SD = 3.5 years) over a period of M = 1.66 years ( SD = 0.87 years). The results demonstrated that both samples showed that subjective sleep quality is correlated with well-being in junior elite athletes. In addition, the results showed that athletes of prepuberty age reported significantly better sleep quality than athletes during and after puberty, and that the relationship between sleep quality and psychological well-being is stronger in female junior athletes than in male athletes. This study emphasizes the need to ensure quality sleep in junior elite athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Zepp
- Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - Jeannine Ohlert
- Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
- The German Research Centre for Elite Sports – momentum, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Kleinert
- Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
- The German Research Centre for Elite Sports – momentum, Cologne, Germany
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48
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Han T, Wang W, Kuroda Y, Mizuno M. The Relationships of Sleep Duration and Inconsistency With the Athletic Performance of Collegiate Soft Tennis Players. Front Psychol 2022; 13:791805. [PMID: 35401355 PMCID: PMC8988183 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.791805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the relationships of daily sleep duration and inconsistency with soft tennis competitive performance among 15 healthy collegiate soft tennis players (13 male, 2 female, mean age = 19.7 ± 0.8 years, height = 170.8 ± 7.3 cm, weight = 60.3 ± 5.6 kg, soft tennis experience = 8.7 ± 2.0 years). Sleep duration and inconsistency were determined by a 50-day sleep diary, which recorded sleep and wake times of sleep. Soft tennis athletic performance was evaluated by a service and baseline stroke accuracy test and the spider run test. Mean sleep duration was 7.4 ± 1.7 h. No correlation was found between long-term mean sleep duration and athletic performance. But inconsistency in sleep duration (SD of sleep duration) was inversely correlated with service score after controlling for soft tennis experience and sex (r = −0.56, p = 0.046). There was no significant relationship between sleep inconsistency and other athletic performance. This result indicates that reducing the instability of sleep duration (i.e., sleep regular hours) in the long-term may have a positive effect on soft tennis players’ service performance. Although participants’ current mean sleep duration (7.4 h) was not as sufficient as the recommendation in sleep extension experiments (9–10 h), it revealed the importance for athletes to maintain regular sleep in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfang Han
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Graduate School of Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Tianfang Han,
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Graduate School of Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuta Kuroda
- Department of Sport Education, Hokusho University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Masao Mizuno
- Faculty of Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Medical Care, Hachinohe Gakuin University, Hachinohe, Japan
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49
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Ho GW, Yang Z, Xing L, Tsang KKT, Ruan HD, Li Y. Nighttime Sleep Awakening Frequency and Its Consistency Predict Future Academic Performance in College Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052933. [PMID: 35270625 PMCID: PMC8910766 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although the relationship between sleep and academic performance has been extensively examined, how sleep predicts future academic performance (e.g., 2-3 years) remains to be further investigated. Using wearable smartwatches and a self-report questionnaire, we tracked sleep activities of 45 college students over a period of approximately half a month to see whether their sleep activities predicted their academic performance, which was estimated by grade point average (GPA). Results showed that both nighttime sleep awakening frequency and its consistency in the tracking period were not significantly correlated with the GPA for the courses taken in the sleep tracking semester (current GPA). However, both nighttime sleep awakening frequency and its consistency inversely predicted the GPA for the rest of the courses taken after that semester (future GPA). Moreover, students with more difficulty staying awake throughout the day obtained lower current and future GPAs, and students with higher inconsistency of sleep quality obtained lower future GPA. Together, these findings highlight the importance of nighttime sleep awakening frequency and consistency in predicting future academic performance, and emphasize the necessity of assessing the consistency of sleep measures in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghee Wee Ho
- Applied Psychology Programme, Division of Science and Technology, BNU-HKBU United International College, 2000 Jintong Rd, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai 519087, China; (Z.Y.); (L.X.)
- Correspondence: (G.W.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhenzhi Yang
- Applied Psychology Programme, Division of Science and Technology, BNU-HKBU United International College, 2000 Jintong Rd, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai 519087, China; (Z.Y.); (L.X.)
| | - Linna Xing
- Applied Psychology Programme, Division of Science and Technology, BNU-HKBU United International College, 2000 Jintong Rd, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai 519087, China; (Z.Y.); (L.X.)
| | - Ken Kang-Too Tsang
- Statistics Programme, Division of Science and Technology, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China;
| | - Huada Daniel Ruan
- Environmental Science Programme, Division of Science and Technology, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China;
| | - Yu Li
- Applied Psychology Programme, Division of Science and Technology, BNU-HKBU United International College, 2000 Jintong Rd, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai 519087, China; (Z.Y.); (L.X.)
- Correspondence: (G.W.H.); (Y.L.)
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50
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Dalpati N, Jena S, Jain S, Sarangi PP. Yoga and meditation, an essential tool to alleviate stress and enhance immunity to emerging infections: A perspective on the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on students. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 20:100420. [PMID: 35072120 PMCID: PMC8767968 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has negatively impacted the global healthcare and economic systems worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic has also created an emotional and psychological pandemic among people of all ages irrespective of economic status and physical wellbeing. As a consequence of prolonged lockdowns, one of the most severely affected age groups globally is the young adults' group, especially students. Uncertainties in the academic calendar, restricted outdoor activities, and unusual daily routines during lockdowns led to higher incidences of stress, anxiety, and depression among students worldwide. In this review, we summarise the available evidence on the effect of lockdowns on students and discuss possible positive impacts of yoga and meditation on various psychological, emotional, and immunological parameters, which can significantly influence the general wellbeing and academic performance of students. Perspectives shared in the review will also bring awareness on how yoga and meditation could boost students' performance and assist them in maintaining physical and mental wellbeing during stressful conditions such as future epidemics and pandemics with novel infections. This information could help create better educational curriculums and healthy routines for students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibedita Dalpati
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Subhashree Jena
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Shikha Jain
- Institute Wellness Center, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Pranita P Sarangi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
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