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Liu C, Van Meerbeek K. Predicting the responses of European grassland communities to climate and land cover change. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230335. [PMID: 38583469 PMCID: PMC10999271 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
European grasslands are among the most species-rich ecosystems on small spatial scales. However, human-induced activities like land use and climate change pose significant threats to this diversity. To explore how climate and land cover change will affect biodiversity and community composition in grassland ecosystems, we conducted joint species distribution models (SDMs) on the extensive vegetation-plot database sPlotOpen to project distributions of 1178 grassland species across Europe under current conditions and three future scenarios. We further compared model accuracy and computational efficiency between joint SDMs (JSDMs) and stacked SDMs, especially for rare species. Our results show that: (i) grassland communities in the mountain ranges are expected to suffer high rates of species loss, while those in western, northern and eastern Europe will experience substantial turnover; (ii) scaling anomalies were observed in the predicted species richness, reflecting regional differences in the dominant drivers of assembly processes; (iii) JSDMs did not outperform stacked SDMs in predictive power but demonstrated superior efficiency in model fitting and predicting; and (iv) incorporating co-occurrence datasets improved the model performance in predicting the distribution of rare species. This article is part of the theme issue 'Ecological novelty and planetary stewardship: biodiversity dynamics in a transforming biosphere'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders 3001, Belgium
| | - Koenraad Van Meerbeek
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders 3001, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
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2
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Hülsmann L, Chisholm RA, Comita L, Visser MD, de Souza Leite M, Aguilar S, Anderson-Teixeira KJ, Bourg NA, Brockelman WY, Bunyavejchewin S, Castaño N, Chang-Yang CH, Chuyong GB, Clay K, Davies SJ, Duque A, Ediriweera S, Ewango C, Gilbert GS, Holík J, Howe RW, Hubbell SP, Itoh A, Johnson DJ, Kenfack D, Král K, Larson AJ, Lutz JA, Makana JR, Malhi Y, McMahon SM, McShea WJ, Mohamad M, Nasardin M, Nathalang A, Norden N, Oliveira AA, Parmigiani R, Perez R, Phillips RP, Pongpattananurak N, Sun IF, Swanson ME, Tan S, Thomas D, Thompson J, Uriarte M, Wolf AT, Yao TL, Zimmerman JK, Zuleta D, Hartig F. Latitudinal patterns in stabilizing density dependence of forest communities. Nature 2024; 627:564-571. [PMID: 38418889 PMCID: PMC10954553 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown reduced performance in plants that are surrounded by neighbours of the same species1,2, a phenomenon known as conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD)3. A long-held ecological hypothesis posits that CNDD is more pronounced in tropical than in temperate forests4,5, which increases community stabilization, species coexistence and the diversity of local tree species6,7. Previous analyses supporting such a latitudinal gradient in CNDD8,9 have suffered from methodological limitations related to the use of static data10-12. Here we present a comprehensive assessment of latitudinal CNDD patterns using dynamic mortality data to estimate species-site-specific CNDD across 23 sites. Averaged across species, we found that stabilizing CNDD was present at all except one site, but that average stabilizing CNDD was not stronger toward the tropics. However, in tropical tree communities, rare and intermediate abundant species experienced stronger stabilizing CNDD than did common species. This pattern was absent in temperate forests, which suggests that CNDD influences species abundances more strongly in tropical forests than it does in temperate ones13. We also found that interspecific variation in CNDD, which might attenuate its stabilizing effect on species diversity14,15, was high but not significantly different across latitudes. Although the consequences of these patterns for latitudinal diversity gradients are difficult to evaluate, we speculate that a more effective regulation of population abundances could translate into greater stabilization of tropical tree communities and thus contribute to the high local diversity of tropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hülsmann
- Ecosystem Analysis and Simulation (EASI) Lab, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
- Theoretical Ecology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
- Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Ryan A Chisholm
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liza Comita
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Marco D Visser
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Salomon Aguilar
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Kristina J Anderson-Teixeira
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian's National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Norman A Bourg
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian's National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Warren Y Brockelman
- National Biobank of Thailand (NBT), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok, Thailand
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin
- Thai Long Term Forest Ecological Research Project, Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nicolas Castaño
- Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas Sinchi, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Chia-Hao Chang-Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Keith Clay
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Stuart J Davies
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alvaro Duque
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Sisira Ediriweera
- Department of Science and Technology, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Gregory S Gilbert
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Jan Holík
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robert W Howe
- Cofrin Center for Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, WI, USA
| | - Stephen P Hubbell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Akira Itoh
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daniel J Johnson
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David Kenfack
- Global Earth Observatory (ForestGEO), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kamil Král
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew J Larson
- Department of Forest Management, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
- Wilderness Institute, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - James A Lutz
- Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | | | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sean M McMahon
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | - William J McShea
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian's National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Anuttara Nathalang
- National Biobank of Thailand (NBT), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natalia Norden
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Renan Parmigiani
- Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rolando Perez
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | | | | | - I-Fang Sun
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Donghwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Mark E Swanson
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | | | - Duncan Thomas
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jill Thompson
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, UK
| | - Maria Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amy T Wolf
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, WI, USA
| | - Tze Leong Yao
- Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Malaysia
| | - Jess K Zimmerman
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, USA
| | - Daniel Zuleta
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Florian Hartig
- Theoretical Ecology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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3
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Bin Y, Huang Z, Cao H, Ye W, Lian J. Seed rain composition responds to climate change in a subtropical forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166772. [PMID: 37666333 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent climate change has been shown to alter aspects of forest plant demography, such as growth and mortality, but less attention has been focused on how climate change alters the reproduction of plant populations through time. We hypothesized that the plant seed production would respond to climate change, and that the response would differ according to plant life form and functional traits. We tested this hypothesis by examining climate change from 2005 to 2020 and by determining the temporal trends of seed rain and seed production from plants with different life forms (e.g., herbs, vines, trees, palms) and of tree species with different statures as well as leaf, seed and wood traits during 2014-2020. We also tested the correlation between meteorological variables and time series of seed rain using cross correlation analysis. We found increasing wetness (lower vapor pressure deficit) through time but with decreasing minimum relative humidity, which is a pattern consistent with trends seen in many other parts of the world. During the study period, seed production of shrubs and relative contribution of woody vines to total seed rain decreased, while relative contribution of palms to total seed rain and tree species with more conservative leaf traits increased their contribution to total seed rain. Overall, these trends were well explained by the trends of meteorological variables and the responses of these life forms to climate change in previous studies. Additionally, the increasingly conservative leaf traits were also consistent with shifts in traits following recovery from disturbance. Our results suggest that a trait-based approach may help to unveil trends that are not readily apparent by examining seed counts alone. The compositional change found in the seed rain may indicate future shifts in forest species composition and should be incorporated into future studies of forest modelling and projections under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Bin
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 8 Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, China
| | - Zhongliang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 8 Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, China
| | - Honglin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 8 Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, China
| | - Wanhui Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 8 Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, China
| | - Juyu Lian
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 8 Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, China.
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4
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Tschernosterová K, Trávníčková E, Grattarola F, Rosse C, Keil P. SPARSE 1.0: a template for databases of species inventories, with an open example of Czech birds. Biodivers Data J 2023; 11:e108731. [PMID: 38046930 PMCID: PMC10690794 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.11.e108731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we introduce SPARSE (acronym for "SPecies AcRoss ScalEs"), a simple and portable template for databases that can store data on species composition derived from ecological inventories, surveys and checklists, with emphasis on metadata describing sampling effort and methods. SPARSE can accommodate resurveys and time series and data from different spatial scales, as well as complex sampling designs. SPARSE focuses on inventories that report multiple species for a given site, together with sampling methods and effort, which can be used in statistical models of true probability of occurrence of species. SPARSE is spatially explicit and can accommodate nested spatial structures from multiple spatial scales, including sampling designs where multiple sites within a larger area have been surveyed and the larger area can again be nested in an even larger region. Each site in SPARSE is represented either by a point, line (for transects) or polygon, stored in an ESRI shapefile. SPARSE implements a new combination of our own field definitions with Darwin Core biodiversity data standard and its Humboldt core extension. The use of Humboldt core also makes SPARSE suitable for biodiversity data with temporal replication. We provide an example use of the SPARSE framework by digitising data on birds from the Czech Republic, from 348 sites and 524 sampling events, with 15,969 unique species-per-event observations of presence, abundance or population density. To facilitate use without the need for a high-level database expertise, the Czech bird example is implemented as MS Access .accdb file, but can be ported to other database engines. The example of Czech birds complements other bird datasets from the Czech Republic, specifically the four gridded national atlases and the breeding bird survey which cover a similar temporal extent, but different locations and spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Tschernosterová
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha - Suchdol, Czech RepublicCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePraha - SuchdolCzech Republic
| | - Eva Trávníčková
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha - Suchdol, Czech RepublicCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePraha - SuchdolCzech Republic
| | - Florencia Grattarola
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha - Suchdol, Czech RepublicCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePraha - SuchdolCzech Republic
| | - Clara Rosse
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyGerman Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Petr Keil
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha - Suchdol, Czech RepublicCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePraha - SuchdolCzech Republic
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5
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Taylor A, Weigelt P, Denelle P, Cai L, Kreft H. The contribution of plant life and growth forms to global gradients of vascular plant diversity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1548-1560. [PMID: 37264995 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant life and growth forms (shortened to 'plant forms') represent key functional strategies of plants in relation to their environment and provide important insights into the ecological constraints acting on the distribution of biodiversity. Despite their functional importance, how the spectra of plant forms contribute to global gradients of plant diversity is unresolved. Using a novel dataset comprising > 295 000 species, we quantify the contribution of different plant forms to global gradients of vascular plant diversity. Furthermore, we establish how plant form distributions in different biogeographical regions are associated with contemporary and paleoclimate conditions, environmental heterogeneity and phylogeny. We find a major shift in representation of woody perennials in tropical latitudes to herb-dominated floras in temperate and boreal regions, following a sharp latitudinal gradient in plant form diversity from the tropics to the poles. We also find significant functional differences between regions, mirroring life and growth form responses to environmental conditions, which is mostly explained by contemporary climate (18-87%), and phylogeny (6-62%), with paleoclimate and heterogeneity playing a lesser role (< 23%). This research highlights variation in the importance of different plant forms to diversity gradients world-wide, shedding light on the ecological and evolutionary pressures constraining plant-trait distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Taylor
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences & Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences & Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Campus Institute Data Science, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pierre Denelle
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences & Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lirong Cai
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences & Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences & Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Campus Institute Data Science, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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6
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Guo WY, Serra-Diaz JM, Eiserhardt WL, Maitner BS, Merow C, Violle C, Pound MJ, Sun M, Slik F, Blach-Overgaard A, Enquist BJ, Svenning JC. Climate change and land use threaten global hotspots of phylogenetic endemism for trees. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6950. [PMID: 37907453 PMCID: PMC10618213 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42671-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Across the globe, tree species are under high anthropogenic pressure. Risks of extinction are notably more severe for species with restricted ranges and distinct evolutionary histories. Here, we use a global dataset covering 41,835 species (65.1% of known tree species) to assess the spatial pattern of tree species' phylogenetic endemism, its macroecological drivers, and how future pressures may affect the conservation status of the identified hotspots. We found that low-to-mid latitudes host most endemism hotspots, with current climate being the strongest driver, and climatic stability across thousands to millions of years back in time as a major co-determinant. These hotspots are mostly located outside of protected areas and face relatively high land-use change and future climate change pressure. Our study highlights the risk from climate change for tree diversity and the necessity to strengthen conservation and restoration actions in global hotspots of phylogenetic endemism for trees to avoid major future losses of tree diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yong Guo
- Research Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems & Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, P. R. China.
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) & Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
- Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Josep M Serra-Diaz
- Eversource Energy Center and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Silva, Nancy, France
| | - Wolf L Eiserhardt
- Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Brian S Maitner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Cory Merow
- Eversource Energy Center and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Matthew J Pound
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Miao Sun
- Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Ferry Slik
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, BE1410, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Anne Blach-Overgaard
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) & Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Brian J Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- The Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Rd, Santa Fe, NM, 87501, USA
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) & Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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7
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Ji J, Yu Y, Zhang Z, Hua T, Zhu Y, Zhao H. Notable conservation gaps for biodiversity, ecosystem services and climate change adaptation on the Tibetan Plateau, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165032. [PMID: 37355118 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating biodiversity, ecosystem services (ESs) and climate change adaptation into the conservation targets of protected areas (PAs) is being acknowledged. Targeting conservation actions requires a thorough understanding of the relationship between PAs and these important regions. However, few studies have identified conservation gaps while simultaneously considering these three aspects. Here, we assessed the representativeness of the PAs network for biodiversity, ESs and climate refugia (as a proxy for climate change adaptation ability) on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Our analysis showed that these priority conservation regions were primarily located in the south and southeast of the TP, while they were impacted by intense human pressure. Most ESs and all types of species richness showed a significant positive correlation. Additionally, a positive correlation between multiple climate refugia and different types of species richness was detected. Representativeness analysis revealed notable conservation gaps for these three aspects in existing PAs, highlighting the urgency of adjusting their distribution and improving their representativeness. By integrating these conservation targets, priority regions for future conservation were further delineated. Taken together, our findings contribute to improving the efficiency of PAs and optimizing conservation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqian Ji
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Jixian National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, CNERN, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zhengchao Zhang
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yanpeng Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Haotian Zhao
- Sichuan Geological Environment Survey and Research Center, Chengdu 610081, Sichuan, China
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8
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Kusumoto B, Chao A, Eiserhardt WL, Svenning JC, Shiono T, Kubota Y. Occurrence-based diversity estimation reveals macroecological and conservation knowledge gaps for global woody plants. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh9719. [PMID: 37801494 PMCID: PMC10558125 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh9719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Incomplete sampling of species' geographic distributions has challenged biogeographers for many years to precisely quantify global-scale biodiversity patterns. After correcting for the spatial inequality of sample completeness, we generated a global species diversity map for woody angiosperms (82,974 species, 13,959,780 occurrence records). The standardized diversity estimated more pronounced latitudinal and longitudinal diversity gradients than the raw data and improved the spatial prediction of diversity based on environmental factors. We identified areas with potentially high species richness and rarity that are poorly explored, unprotected, and threatened by increasing human pressure: They are distributed mostly at low latitudes across central South America, Central Africa, subtropical China, and Indomalayan islands. These priority areas for botanical exploration can help to efficiently fill spatial knowledge gaps for better describing the status of biodiversity and improve the effectiveness of the protected area network for global woody plant conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buntarou Kusumoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Think Nature Inc., Naha City, Japan
- University Museum, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK
| | - Anne Chao
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wolf L. Eiserhardt
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) and for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Takayuki Shiono
- Think Nature Inc., Naha City, Japan
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kubota
- Think Nature Inc., Naha City, Japan
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
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9
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Wang SQ, Dong XY, Ye L, Wang HF, Ma KP. Flora of Northeast Asia. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2240. [PMID: 37375866 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
As a component of the MAP project, the study of the flora in Northeast Asia (comprising Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Northeast China, and Mongolia) convincingly underscores the indispensability of precise and comprehensive diversity data for flora research. Due to variations in the description of flora across different countries in Northeast Asia, it is essential to update our understanding of the region's overall flora using the latest high-quality diversity data. This study employed the most recently published authoritative data from various countries to conduct a statistical analysis of 225 families, 1782 genera, and 10,514 native vascular species and infraspecific taxa in Northeast Asia. Furthermore, species distribution data were incorporated to delineate three gradients in the overall distribution pattern of plant diversity in Northeast Asia. Specifically, Japan (excluding Hokkaido) emerged as the most prolific hotspot for species, followed by the Korean Peninsula and the coastal areas of Northeast China as the second richest hotspots. Conversely, Hokkaido, inland Northeast China, and Mongolia constituted species barren spots. The formation of the diversity gradients is primarily attributed to the effects of latitude and continental gradients, with altitude and topographic factors within the gradients modulating the distribution of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Qi Wang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xue-Yun Dong
- Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center, Harbin 150040, China
- School of Geography and Tourism, Harbin University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Liang Ye
- Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center, Harbin 150040, China
- Folia Multidimensional Innovate Lab, Anshan 114000, China
| | - Hong-Feng Wang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ke-Ping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 150093, China
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10
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Leroy F, Reif J, Storch D, Keil P. How has bird biodiversity changed over time? A review across spatio-temporal scales. Basic Appl Ecol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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11
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Xu WB, Guo WY, Serra-Diaz JM, Schrodt F, Eiserhardt WL, Enquist BJ, Maitner BS, Merow C, Violle C, Anand M, Belluau M, Bruun HH, Byun C, Catford JA, Cerabolini BE, Chacón-Madrigal E, Ciccarelli D, Cornelissen JHC, Dang-Le AT, de Frutos A, Dias AS, Giroldo AB, Gutiérrez AG, Hattingh W, He T, Hietz P, Hough-Snee N, Jansen S, Kattge J, Komac B, Kraft NJ, Kramer K, Lavorel S, Lusk CH, Martin AR, Ma KP, Mencuccini M, Michaletz ST, Minden V, Mori AS, Niinemets Ü, Onoda Y, Onstein RE, Peñuelas J, Pillar VD, Pisek J, Pound MJ, Robroek BJ, Schamp B, Slot M, Sun M, Sosinski ÊE, Soudzilovskaia NA, Thiffault N, van Bodegom PM, van der Plas F, Zheng J, Svenning JC, Ordonez A. Global beta-diversity of angiosperm trees is shaped by Quaternary climate change. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd8553. [PMID: 37018407 PMCID: PMC10075971 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add8553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
As Earth's climate has varied strongly through geological time, studying the impacts of past climate change on biodiversity helps to understand the risks from future climate change. However, it remains unclear how paleoclimate shapes spatial variation in biodiversity. Here, we assessed the influence of Quaternary climate change on spatial dissimilarity in taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional composition among neighboring 200-kilometer cells (beta-diversity) for angiosperm trees worldwide. We found that larger glacial-interglacial temperature change was strongly associated with lower spatial turnover (species replacements) and higher nestedness (richness changes) components of beta-diversity across all three biodiversity facets. Moreover, phylogenetic and functional turnover was lower and nestedness higher than random expectations based on taxonomic beta-diversity in regions that experienced large temperature change, reflecting phylogenetically and functionally selective processes in species replacement, extinction, and colonization during glacial-interglacial oscillations. Our results suggest that future human-driven climate change could cause local homogenization and reduction in taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of angiosperm trees worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Bing Xu
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wen-Yong Guo
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station and Research Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, P.R. China
| | | | - Franziska Schrodt
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Wolf L. Eiserhardt
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Brian J. Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- The Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Rd., Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
| | - Brian S. Maitner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Cory Merow
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Madhur Anand
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michaël Belluau
- Centre for Forest Research, Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Centre-ville station, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Hans Henrik Bruun
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Chaeho Byun
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, Korea
| | - Jane A. Catford
- Department of Geography, King’s College London, London WC2B 4BG, UK
| | - Bruno E. L. Cerabolini
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Eduardo Chacón-Madrigal
- Herbario Luis Fournier Origgi, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical (CIBET), Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Daniela Ciccarelli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Luca Ghini 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - J. Hans C. Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, A-LIFE, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anh Tuan Dang-Le
- Faculty of Biology - Biotechnology, University of Science - VNUHCM, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, District 5, 700000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Angel de Frutos
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arildo S. Dias
- Goethe University, Institute for Physical Geography, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Aelton B. Giroldo
- Departamento de Ensino, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciências e Tecnologia do Ceará - IFCE campus Crateús, Avenida Geraldo Barbosa Marques, 567, 63708-260 Crateús, Brazil
| | - Alvaro G. Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales Renovables, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Santiago, Chile
| | - Wesley Hattingh
- Global Systems and Analytics, Nova Pioneer, Paulshof, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Tianhua He
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, P.O. Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Peter Hietz
- Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Steven Jansen
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jens Kattge
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans Knöll Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Komac
- Andorra Recerca + Innovació, AD600 Sant Julià de Lòria (Principat d'), Andorra
| | - Nathan J. B. Kraft
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Koen Kramer
- Wageningen University, Forest Ecology and Management Group, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6700AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Land Life Company, Mauritskade 63, 1092AD, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sandra Lavorel
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, LECA, UMR UGA-USMB-CNRS 5553, Université Grenoble Alpes, CS 40700, 38058 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Christopher H. Lusk
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Adam R. Martin
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, M1C 1A4 Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ke-Ping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- ICREA, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sean T. Michaletz
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Vanessa Minden
- Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Akira S. Mori
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yusuke Onoda
- Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake, Kitashirakawa, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Renske E. Onstein
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333CR Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF- CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Valério D. Pillar
- Department of Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Jan Pisek
- Tartu Observatory, University of Tartu, Observatooriumi 1, Tõravere, 61602 Tartumaa, Estonia
| | - Matthew J. Pound
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Bjorn J. M. Robroek
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Brandon Schamp
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2G4, Canada
| | - Martijn Slot
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | - Miao Sun
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | | | | | - Nelson Thiffault
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Wood Fibre Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., P.O. Box 10380, Stn. Sainte-Foy, Quebec, QC G1V 4C7, Canada
| | - Peter M. van Bodegom
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Fons van der Plas
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Netherlands
| | - Jingming Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Resources and Ecosystem Processes, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Alejandro Ordonez
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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12
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Riva F, Barbero F, Balletto E, Bonelli S. Combining environmental niche models, multi-grain analyses, and species traits identifies pervasive effects of land use on butterfly biodiversity across Italy. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1715-1728. [PMID: 36695553 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how species respond to human activities is paramount to ecology and conservation science, one outstanding question being how large-scale patterns in land use affect biodiversity. To facilitate answering this question, we propose a novel analytical framework that combines environmental niche models, multi-grain analyses, and species traits. We illustrate the framework capitalizing on the most extensive dataset compiled to date for the butterflies of Italy (106,514 observations for 288 species), assessing how agriculture and urbanization have affected biodiversity of these taxa from landscape to regional scales (3-48 km grains) across the country while accounting for its steep climatic gradients. Multiple lines of evidence suggest pervasive and scale-dependent effects of land use on butterflies in Italy. While land use explained patterns in species richness primarily at grains ≤12 km, idiosyncratic responses in species highlighted "winners" and "losers" across human-dominated regions. Detrimental effects of agriculture and urbanization emerged from landscape (3-km grain) to regional (48-km grain) scales, disproportionally affecting small butterflies and butterflies with a short flight curve. Human activities have therefore reorganized the biogeography of Italian butterflies, filtering out species with poor dispersal capacity and narrow niche breadth not only from local assemblages, but also from regional species pools. These results suggest that global conservation efforts neglecting large-scale patterns in land use risk falling short of their goals, even for taxa typically assumed to persist in small natural areas (e.g., invertebrates). Our study also confirms that consideration of spatial scales will be crucial to implementing effective conservation actions in the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework. In this context, applications of the proposed analytical framework have broad potential to identify which mechanisms underlie biodiversity change at different spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Riva
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Barbero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Emilio Balletto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simona Bonelli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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13
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Cai L, Kreft H, Taylor A, Denelle P, Schrader J, Essl F, van Kleunen M, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Stein A, Winter M, Barcelona JF, Fuentes N, Karger DN, Kartesz J, Kuprijanov A, Nishino M, Nickrent D, Nowak A, Patzelt A, Pelser PB, Singh P, Wieringa JJ, Weigelt P. Global models and predictions of plant diversity based on advanced machine learning techniques. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1432-1445. [PMID: 36375492 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the paramount role of plant diversity for ecosystem functioning, biogeochemical cycles, and human welfare, knowledge of its global distribution is still incomplete, hampering basic research and biodiversity conservation. Here, we used machine learning (random forests, extreme gradient boosting, and neural networks) and conventional statistical methods (generalized linear models and generalized additive models) to test environment-related hypotheses of broad-scale vascular plant diversity gradients and to model and predict species richness and phylogenetic richness worldwide. To this end, we used 830 regional plant inventories including c. 300 000 species and predictors of past and present environmental conditions. Machine learning showed a superior performance, explaining up to 80.9% of species richness and 83.3% of phylogenetic richness, illustrating the great potential of such techniques for disentangling complex and interacting associations between the environment and plant diversity. Current climate and environmental heterogeneity emerged as the primary drivers, while past environmental conditions left only small but detectable imprints on plant diversity. Finally, we combined predictions from multiple modeling techniques (ensemble predictions) to reveal global patterns and centers of plant diversity at multiple resolutions down to 7774 km2 . Our predictive maps provide accurate estimates of global plant diversity available at grain sizes relevant for conservation and macroecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Cai
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Amanda Taylor
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pierre Denelle
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julian Schrader
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, 2109, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Franz Essl
- Bioinvasions, Global Change, Macroecology-Group, University of Vienna, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464, Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, 318000, Taizhou, China
| | - Jan Pergl
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12844, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anke Stein
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julie F Barcelona
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, 8140, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Nicol Fuentes
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - Dirk Nikolaus Karger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - John Kartesz
- Biota of North America Program (BONAP), Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | | | - Misako Nishino
- Biota of North America Program (BONAP), Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Daniel Nickrent
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Arkadiusz Nowak
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-728, Olsztyn, Poland
- PAS Botanical Garden, 02-973, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Annette Patzelt
- Hochschule Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, University of Applied Sciences, Vegetation Ecology, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Pieter B Pelser
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, 8140, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Jan J Wieringa
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2333 CR, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Campus-Institut Data Science, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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14
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Labrière N, Davies SJ, Disney MI, Duncanson LI, Herold M, Lewis SL, Phillips OL, Quegan S, Saatchi SS, Schepaschenko DG, Scipal K, Sist P, Chave J. Toward a forest biomass reference measurement system for remote sensing applications. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:827-840. [PMID: 36270799 PMCID: PMC10099565 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Forests contribute to climate change mitigation through carbon storage and uptake, but the extent to which this carbon pool varies in space and time is still poorly known. Several Earth Observation missions have been specifically designed to address this issue, for example, NASA's GEDI, NASA-ISRO's NISAR and ESA's BIOMASS. Yet, all these missions' products require independent and consistent validation. A permanent, global, in situ, site-based forest biomass reference measurement system relying on ground data of the highest possible quality is therefore needed. Here, we have assembled a list of almost 200 high-quality sites through an in-depth review of the literature and expert knowledge. In this study, we explore how representative these sites are in terms of their coverage of environmental conditions, geographical space and biomass-related forest structure, compared to those experienced by forests worldwide. This work also aims at identifying which sites are the most representative, and where to invest to improve the representativeness of the proposed system. We show that the environmental coverage of the system does not seem to improve after at least the 175 most representative sites are included, but geographical and structural coverages continue to improve as more sites are added. We highlight the areas of poor environmental, geographical, or structural coverage, including, but not limited to, Canada, the western half of the USA, Mexico, Patagonia, Angola, Zambia, eastern Russia, and tropical and subtropical highlands (e.g. in Colombia, the Himalayas, Borneo, Papua). For the proposed system to succeed, we stress that (1) data must be collected and processed applying the same standards across all countries and continents; (2) system establishment and management must be inclusive and equitable, with careful consideration of working conditions; and (3) training and site partner involvement in downstream activities should be mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Labrière
- Evolution and Biological Diversity (EDB)CNRS/IRD/UPSToulouseFrance
| | - Stuart J. Davies
- Forest Global Earth ObservatorySmithsonian Tropical Research InstituteWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Mathias I. Disney
- Department of GeographyUniversity College London (UCL)LondonUK
- NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO)LondonUK
| | - Laura I. Duncanson
- Department of Geographical SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMarylandUSA
| | - Martin Herold
- GFZ German Research Centre for GeosciencesPotsdamBrandenburgGermany
| | - Simon L. Lewis
- Department of GeographyUniversity College London (UCL)LondonUK
- School of GeographyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | | | - Shaun Quegan
- School of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Sassan S. Saatchi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Dmitry G. Schepaschenko
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)LaxenburgAustria
- Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | | | | | - Jérôme Chave
- Evolution and Biological Diversity (EDB)CNRS/IRD/UPSToulouseFrance
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15
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Puglielli G, Pärtel M. Macroecology of plant diversity across spatial scales. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1074-1077. [PMID: 36655592 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Puglielli
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Meelis Pärtel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, 50409, Tartu, Estonia
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16
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Procheş Ş, Watkeys MK, Ramsay LF, Cowling RM. Why we should be looking for longitudinal patterns in biodiversity. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1032827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of global diversity patterns relies overwhelmingly on ecological and evolutionary correlates of latitude, and largely ignores longitude. However, the two major explanations of biodiversity patterns – energy and stability – are confounded across latitudes, and longitude offers potential solutions. Recent literature shows that the global biogeography of the Cenozoic world is structured by longitudinal barriers. In a few well-studied regions, such as South Africa’s Cape, the Himalayas and the Amazon-Andes continuum, there are strong longitudinal gradients in biodiversity. Often, such gradients occur where high and low past climatic velocities are juxtaposed, and there is clear evidence of higher biodiversity at the climatically-stable end. Understanding longitudinal biodiversity variations more widely can offer new insights towards biodiversity conservation in the face of anthropogenic climatic change.
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17
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Abstract
Global patterns of regional (gamma) plant diversity are relatively well known, but whether these patterns hold for local communities, and the dependence on spatial grain, remain controversial. Using data on 170,272 georeferenced local plant assemblages, we created global maps of alpha diversity (local species richness) for vascular plants at three different spatial grains, for forests and non-forests. We show that alpha diversity is consistently high across grains in some regions (for example, Andean-Amazonian foothills), but regional 'scaling anomalies' (deviations from the positive correlation) exist elsewhere, particularly in Eurasian temperate forests with disproportionally higher fine-grained richness and many African tropical forests with disproportionally higher coarse-grained richness. The influence of different climatic, topographic and biogeographical variables on alpha diversity also varies across grains. Our multi-grain maps return a nuanced understanding of vascular plant biodiversity patterns that complements classic maps of biodiversity hotspots and will improve predictions of global change effects on biodiversity.
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18
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Global variation in diversification rate and species richness are unlinked in plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2120662119. [PMID: 35767644 PMCID: PMC9271200 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120662119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Species richness varies immensely around the world. Variation in the rate of diversification (speciation minus extinction) is often hypothesized to explain this pattern, while alternative explanations invoke time or ecological carrying capacities as drivers. Focusing on seed plants, the world's most important engineers of terrestrial ecosystems, we investigated the role of diversification rate as a link between the environment and global species richness patterns. Applying structural equation modeling to a comprehensive distribution dataset and phylogenetic tree covering all circa 332,000 seed plant species and 99.9% of the world's terrestrial surface (excluding Antarctica), we test five broad hypotheses postulating that diversification serves as a mechanistic link between species richness and climate, climatic stability, seasonality, environmental heterogeneity, or the distribution of biomes. Our results show that the global patterns of species richness and diversification rate are entirely independent. Diversification rates were not highest in warm and wet climates, running counter to the Metabolic Theory of Ecology, one of the dominant explanations for global gradients in species richness. Instead, diversification rates were highest in edaphically diverse, dry areas that have experienced climate change during the Neogene. Meanwhile, we confirmed climate and environmental heterogeneity as the main drivers of species richness, but these effects did not involve diversification rates as a mechanistic link, calling for alternative explanations. We conclude that high species richness is likely driven by the antiquity of wet tropical areas (supporting the "tropical conservatism hypothesis") or the high ecological carrying capacity of warm, wet, and/or environmentally heterogeneous environments.
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19
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Guo WY, Serra-Diaz JM, Schrodt F, Eiserhardt WL, Maitner BS, Merow C, Violle C, Anand M, Belluau M, Bruun HH, Byun C, Catford JA, Cerabolini BEL, Chacón-Madrigal E, Ciccarelli D, Cornelissen JHC, Dang-Le AT, de Frutos A, Dias AS, Giroldo AB, Guo K, Gutiérrez AG, Hattingh W, He T, Hietz P, Hough-Snee N, Jansen S, Kattge J, Klein T, Komac B, Kraft NJB, Kramer K, Lavorel S, Lusk CH, Martin AR, Mencuccini M, Michaletz ST, Minden V, Mori AS, Niinemets Ü, Onoda Y, Peñuelas J, Pillar VD, Pisek J, Robroek BJM, Schamp B, Slot M, Sosinski ÊE, Soudzilovskaia NA, Thiffault N, van Bodegom P, van der Plas F, Wright IJ, Xu WB, Zheng J, Enquist BJ, Svenning JC. High exposure of global tree diversity to human pressure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2026733119. [PMID: 35709320 PMCID: PMC9231180 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026733119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Safeguarding Earth's tree diversity is a conservation priority due to the importance of trees for biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services such as carbon sequestration. Here, we improve the foundation for effective conservation of global tree diversity by analyzing a recently developed database of tree species covering 46,752 species. We quantify range protection and anthropogenic pressures for each species and develop conservation priorities across taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity dimensions. We also assess the effectiveness of several influential proposed conservation prioritization frameworks to protect the top 17% and top 50% of tree priority areas. We find that an average of 50.2% of a tree species' range occurs in 110-km grid cells without any protected areas (PAs), with 6,377 small-range tree species fully unprotected, and that 83% of tree species experience nonnegligible human pressure across their range on average. Protecting high-priority areas for the top 17% and 50% priority thresholds would increase the average protected proportion of each tree species' range to 65.5% and 82.6%, respectively, leaving many fewer species (2,151 and 2,010) completely unprotected. The priority areas identified for trees match well to the Global 200 Ecoregions framework, revealing that priority areas for trees would in large part also optimize protection for terrestrial biodiversity overall. Based on range estimates for >46,000 tree species, our findings show that a large proportion of tree species receive limited protection by current PAs and are under substantial human pressure. Improved protection of biodiversity overall would also strongly benefit global tree diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yong Guo
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Josep M. Serra-Diaz
- UMR Silva, Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, and INRAE, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Franziska Schrodt
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Wolf L. Eiserhardt
- Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Brian S. Maitner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Cory Merow
- Eversource Energy Center, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, Uni Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Madhur Anand
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Michaël Belluau
- Centre for Forest Research, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Hans Henrik Bruun
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Chaeho Byun
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea
| | - Jane A. Catford
- Department of Geography, King’s College London, London WC2B 4BG, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno E. L. Cerabolini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, I-21100 Varese, Italy
| | | | | | - J. Hans C. Cornelissen
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anh Tuan Dang-Le
- University of Science, 700000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, 700000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Angel de Frutos
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arildo S. Dias
- Institute for Physical Geography, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Aelton B. Giroldo
- Departamento de Ensino, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciências e Tecnologia do Ceará, Crateús 63708-260, Brazil
| | - Kun Guo
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Alvaro G. Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales Renovables, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Barrio Universitario, 4070374 Concepción, Chile
| | - Wesley Hattingh
- Global Systems and Analytics, Nova Pioneer, Paulshof, Gauteng, 2191, South Africa
| | - Tianhua He
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Peter Hietz
- Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Steven Jansen
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jens Kattge
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Tamir Klein
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Benjamin Komac
- Centre d’Estudis de la Neu i la Muntanya d’Andorra, Institut d’Estudis, Andorrans (CENMA–IEA), AD600 Sant Julià de Lòria, Principality of Andorra
| | - Nathan J. B. Kraft
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Koen Kramer
- Forest Ecology and Management Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Land Life Company, 1092AD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Lavorel
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, LECA, UMR UGA-USMB-CNRS 5553, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38058 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Christopher H. Lusk
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Adam R. Martin
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- ICREA, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sean T. Michaletz
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Vanessa Minden
- Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Akira S. Mori
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yusuke Onoda
- Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake, Kitashirakawa, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193 Catalonia, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF, CSIC–UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193 Catalonia, Spain
| | - Valério D. Pillar
- Department of Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Jan Pisek
- Tartu Observatory, University of Tartu, Tõravere, 61602 Tartumaa, Estonia
| | - Bjorn J. M. Robroek
- Aquatic Ecology & Environmental Biology Group, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Brandon Schamp
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2G4, Canada
| | - Martijn Slot
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | | | | | - Nelson Thiffault
- Canadian Wood Fibre Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Québec City, QC G1V 4C7, Canada
| | - Peter van Bodegom
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fons van der Plas
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ian J. Wright
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Wu-Bing Xu
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jingming Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Resources and Ecosystem Processes, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Brian J. Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
- The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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20
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Hartmann H, Bastos A, Das AJ, Esquivel-Muelbert A, Hammond WM, Martínez-Vilalta J, McDowell NG, Powers JS, Pugh TAM, Ruthrof KX, Allen CD. Climate Change Risks to Global Forest Health: Emergence of Unexpected Events of Elevated Tree Mortality Worldwide. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 73:673-702. [PMID: 35231182 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-102820-012804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent observations of elevated tree mortality following climate extremes, like heat and drought, raise concerns about climate change risks to global forest health. We currently lack both sufficient data and understanding to identify whether these observations represent a global trend toward increasing tree mortality. Here, we document events of sudden and unexpected elevated tree mortality following heat and drought events in ecosystems that previously were considered tolerant or not at risk of exposure. These events underscore the fact that climate change may affect forests with unexpected force in the future. We use the events as examples to highlight current difficulties and challenges for realistically predicting such tree mortality events and the uncertainties about future forest condition. Advances in remote sensing technology and greater availably of high-resolution data, from both field assessments and satellites, are needed to improve both understanding and prediction of forest responses to future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Hartmann
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Jena, Germany;
| | - Ana Bastos
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Jena, Germany
| | - Adrian J Das
- US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Three Rivers, Sequoia and Kings Canyon Field Station, California, USA
| | - Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - William M Hammond
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Lab, Richland, Washington, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Jennifer S Powers
- Departments of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior and Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Thomas A M Pugh
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katinka X Ruthrof
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, Western Australia, Australia
- Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Craig D Allen
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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21
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Cavender-Bares J, Schneider FD, Santos MJ, Armstrong A, Carnaval A, Dahlin KM, Fatoyinbo L, Hurtt GC, Schimel D, Townsend PA, Ustin SL, Wang Z, Wilson AM. Integrating remote sensing with ecology and evolution to advance biodiversity conservation. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:506-519. [PMID: 35332280 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Remote sensing has transformed the monitoring of life on Earth by revealing spatial and temporal dimensions of biological diversity through structural, compositional and functional measurements of ecosystems. Yet, many aspects of Earth's biodiversity are not directly quantified by reflected or emitted photons. Inclusive integration of remote sensing with field-based ecology and evolution is needed to fully understand and preserve Earth's biodiversity. In this Perspective, we argue that multiple data types are necessary for almost all draft targets set by the Convention on Biological Diversity. We examine five key topics in biodiversity science that can be advanced by integrating remote sensing with in situ data collection from field sampling, experiments and laboratory studies to benefit conservation. Lowering the barriers for bringing these approaches together will require global-scale collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabian D Schneider
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Amanda Armstrong
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Ana Carnaval
- Department of Biology, Ph.D. Program in Biology, City University of New York and The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Kyla M Dahlin
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Lola Fatoyinbo
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - George C Hurtt
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - David Schimel
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Philip A Townsend
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Susan L Ustin
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources and the John Muir Institute of the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Key Lab of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Adam M Wilson
- Department of Geography, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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22
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Deeply divergent freshwater fish species within a single river system in central Sulawesi. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 173:107519. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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23
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Aspinwall MJ, Chieppa J, Gray E, Golden-Ebanks M, Davidson L. Warming impacts on photosynthetic processes in dominant plant species in a subtropical forest. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13654. [PMID: 35233781 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming could shift some subtropical regions to a tropical climate in the next 30 years. Yet, climate warming impacts on subtropical species and ecosystems remain unclear. We conducted a passive warming experiment in a subtropical forest in Florida, USA, to determine warming impacts on four species differing in their climatic distribution, growth form, and functional type: Serenoa repens (palm), Andropogon glomeratus (C4 grass), Pinus palustris (needled evergreen tree), and Quercus laevis (broadleaved deciduous tree). We hypothesized that warming would have neutral-positive effects on photosynthetic processes in monocot species with warmer climatic distributions or adaptations to warmer temperatures, but negative effects on photosynthesis in tree species. We also hypothesized that periods of low soil moisture would alter photosynthetic responses to warming. In both monocot species, warming had no significant effect on net photosynthesis (A) or stomatal conductance (gs ) measured at prevailing temperatures, or photosynthetic capacity measured at a common temperature. In P. palustris, warming reduced A (-15%) and gs (-28%), and caused small reductions in Rubisco carboxylation and RuBP regeneration. Warming had little effect on photosynthetic processes in Q. laevis. Interestingly, A. glomeratus showed little sensitivity to reduced soil moisture, and all C3 species reduced A and gs as soil moisture declined and did so consistently across temperature treatments. In subtropical forests of the southeastern US, we conclude that climate warming may have neutral or slightly positive effects on the performance of grasses and broadleaved species but negative effects on P. palustris seedlings, foreshadowing possible changes in community and ecosystem properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Aspinwall
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeff Chieppa
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Eve Gray
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Lynsae Davidson
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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24
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Gougherty AV, Davies TJ. Host phylogenetic diversity predicts the global extent and composition of tree pests. Ecol Lett 2021; 25:101-112. [PMID: 34719086 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Tree pests cause billions of dollars of damage annually; yet, we know little about what limits their regional composition and distribution. Here, we model the co-occurrence of 4510 pests and 981 tree host genera spread across 233 countries. We show the composition of tree pests is primarily driven by the phylogenetic composition of host trees, whereas effects of climate and geography tend to be more minor. Pests that utilise many hosts tend to be more widespread; however, most pests do not fill the geographic range of their hosts-indicating that many pests could expand their extents if able to overcome barriers limiting their current distribution. Our results suggest that the establishment of pests in new regions may be largely dictated by the presence of suitable host trees, but more work is needed to fully understand the influences climate has on the distributions of individual pest species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V Gougherty
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - T Jonathan Davies
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Forest & Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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25
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Overcast I, Ruffley M, Rosindell J, Harmon L, Borges PAV, Emerson BC, Etienne RS, Gillespie R, Krehenwinkel H, Mahler DL, Massol F, Parent CE, Patiño J, Peter B, Week B, Wagner C, Hickerson MJ, Rominger A. A unified model of species abundance, genetic diversity, and functional diversity reveals the mechanisms structuring ecological communities. Mol Ecol Resour 2021; 21:2782-2800. [PMID: 34569715 PMCID: PMC9297962 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Biodiversity accumulates hierarchically by means of ecological and evolutionary processes and feedbacks. Within ecological communities drift, dispersal, speciation, and selection operate simultaneously to shape patterns of biodiversity. Reconciling the relative importance of these is hindered by current models and inference methods, which tend to focus on a subset of processes and their resulting predictions. Here we introduce massive ecoevolutionary synthesis simulations (MESS), a unified mechanistic model of community assembly, rooted in classic island biogeography theory, which makes temporally explicit joint predictions across three biodiversity data axes: (i) species richness and abundances, (ii) population genetic diversities, and (iii) trait variation in a phylogenetic context. Using simulations we demonstrate that each data axis captures information at different timescales, and that integrating these axes enables discriminating among previously unidentifiable community assembly models. MESS is unique in generating predictions of community‐scale genetic diversity, and in characterizing joint patterns of genetic diversity, abundance, and trait values. MESS unlocks the full potential for investigation of biodiversity processes using multidimensional community data including a genetic component, such as might be produced by contemporary eDNA or metabarcoding studies. We combine MESS with supervised machine learning to fit the parameters of the model to real data and infer processes underlying how biodiversity accumulates, using communities of tropical trees, arthropods, and gastropods as case studies that span a range of data availability scenarios, and spatial and taxonomic scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Overcast
- Biology Department, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA.,Biology Department, City College of New York, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA
| | - Megan Ruffley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA.,Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST), University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - James Rosindell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, Berkshire, UK
| | - Luke Harmon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Paulo A V Borges
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e do Ambiente, Universidade dos Açores, Açores, Portugal
| | - Brent C Emerson
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology, IPNA-CSIC), La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Rampal S Etienne
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rosemary Gillespie
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - D Luke Mahler
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francois Massol
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France.,Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.,CNRS, Evo-Eco-Paleo, SPICI Group, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christine E Parent
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA.,Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST), University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Jairo Patiño
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology, IPNA-CSIC), La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.,Plant Conservation and Biogeography Group, Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain
| | - Ben Peter
- Group of Genetic Diversity through Space and Time, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bob Week
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Catherine Wagner
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Institute, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Michael J Hickerson
- Biology Department, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA.,Biology Department, City College of New York, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew Rominger
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA.,Maine Center for Genetics in the Environment, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
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26
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Zhang C, Zhu R, Sui X, Li X, Chen Y. Understanding patterns of taxonomic diversity, functional diversity, and ecological drivers of fish fauna in the Mekong River. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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27
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Arlé E, Zizka A, Keil P, Winter M, Essl F, Knight T, Weigelt P, Jiménez‐Muñoz M, Meyer C. bRacatus
: A method to estimate the accuracy and biogeographical status of georeferenced biological data. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Arlé
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Alexander Zizka
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Petr Keil
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Computer Science Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Praha Czech Republic
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Franz Essl
- Division of Conservation, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Tiffany Knight
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
- Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ‐ UFZ Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography University of Goettingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Marina Jiménez‐Muñoz
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Carsten Meyer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Geosciences and Geography Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle Germany
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28
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Huang S, Tucker MA, Hertel AG, Eyres A, Albrecht J. Scale-dependent effects of niche specialisation: The disconnect between individual and species ranges. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:1408-1419. [PMID: 33960589 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
One of the most general expectations of species range dynamics is that widespread species tend to have broader niches. However, it remains unclear how this relationship is expressed at different levels of biological organisation, which involve potentially distinctive processes operating at different spatial and temporal scales. Here, we show that range sizes of terrestrial non-volant mammals at the individual and species level show contrasting relationships with two ecological niche dimensions: diet and habitat breadth. While average individual home range size appears to be mainly shaped by the interplay of diet niche breadth and body mass, species geographical range size is primarily related to habitat niche breadth but not to diet niche breadth. Our findings suggest that individual home range size is shaped by the trade-off between energetic requirements, movement capacity and trophic specialisation, whereas species geographical range size is related to the ability to persist under various environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marlee A Tucker
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anne G Hertel
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt, Germany.,Behavioural Ecology, Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Alison Eyres
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jörg Albrecht
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt, Germany
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29
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Spake R, Mori AS, Beckmann M, Martin PA, Christie AP, Duguid MC, Doncaster CP. Implications of scale dependence for cross-study syntheses of biodiversity differences. Ecol Lett 2020; 24:374-390. [PMID: 33216440 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Biodiversity studies are sensitive to well-recognised temporal and spatial scale dependencies. Cross-study syntheses may inflate these influences by collating studies that vary widely in the numbers and sizes of sampling plots. Here we evaluate sources of inaccuracy and imprecision in study-level and cross-study estimates of biodiversity differences, caused by within-study grain and sample sizes, biodiversity measure, and choice of effect-size metric. Samples from simulated communities of old-growth and secondary forests demonstrated influences of all these parameters on the accuracy and precision of cross-study effect sizes. In cross-study synthesis by formal meta-analysis, the metric of log response ratio applied to measures of species richness yielded better accuracy than the commonly used Hedges' g metric on species density, which dangerously combined higher precision with persistent bias. Full-data analyses of the raw plot-scale data using multilevel models were also susceptible to scale-dependent bias. We demonstrate the challenge of detecting scale dependence in cross-study synthesis, due to ubiquitous covariation between replication, variance and plot size. We propose solutions for diagnosing and minimising bias. We urge that empirical studies publish raw data to allow evaluation of covariation in cross-study syntheses, and we recommend against using Hedges' g in biodiversity meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Spake
- School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Akira S Mori
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Michael Beckmann
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
| | - Philip A Martin
- BioRISC (Biosecurity Research Initiative at St Catharine's), St Catharine's College, Cambridge, CB2 1RL, UK.,Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, The David Attenborough Building, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB3 3QZ, UK
| | - Alec P Christie
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, The David Attenborough Building, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB3 3QZ, UK
| | - Marlyse C Duguid
- Yale School of the Environment, 195 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - C Patrick Doncaster
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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30
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Jiang Z, Dai B, Wang C, Xiong W. Multifaceted biodiversity measurements reveal incongruent conservation priorities for rivers in the upper reach and lakes in the middle-lower reach of the largest river-floodplain ecosystem in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 739:140380. [PMID: 32758978 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biological conservation necessitates robust understanding of multifaceted biodiversity from local to regional scales. Mismatches among multifaceted diversity and conservation trade-offs are the most important challenge for conservation planning. The Yangtze River floodplain is among the most speciose whereas threatened and poorly protected ecosystems in China. Here we evaluated multifaceted (taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional) alpha and beta fish diversity by simultaneously addressing two typical habitats (FRs, floodplain rivers and FLs, floodplain lakes) in this basin, to reliably aid conservation planning across local and regional scales. Our results demonstrated spatially incongruent multifaceted fish diversity between FRs and FLs. Characterizing by flocks of phylogenetic close species, we detected significantly higher species richness while lower phylogenetic and functional alpha diversity in FRs. In contrast, fish assemblages in FLs exhibited significantly higher functional alpha diversity characterized by functional unique species. Consequently, conservation planning should fasten on clusters of phylogenetic close endemic species to sustain high intrinsic species richness in FRs, and sustain high functional diversity as well as protecting fish species with unique functions in FLs. Meanwhile, for all the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional facets, our results demonstrated significantly higher turnover components in FRs, and the dominant contribution of the nestedness components to overall beta diversity in FLs. As a result, conservation planning in FLs may just focus on several richest lakes, while multiple spatially disjunct river networks should be protected in FRs. Contradicting the anthropocentric "new conservation", our study advocated protecting intrinsic uniqueness and peculiarity of multifaceted biodiversity as well as the ecological integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongguan Jiang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Bingguo Dai
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hefei 230601, PR China.
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Wen Xiong
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
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31
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Pinto‐Ledezma JN, Villalobos F, Reich PB, Catford JA, Larkin DJ, Cavender‐Bares J. Testing Darwin’s naturalization conundrum based on taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional dimensions of vascular plants. ECOL MONOGR 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús N. Pinto‐Ledezma
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota 1479 Gortner Avenue Saint Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Fabricio Villalobos
- Red de Biología Evolutiva Instituto de Ecología A.C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya 91070Xalapa Veracruz México
| | - Peter B. Reich
- Department of Forest Resources University of Minnesota 1530 Cleveland Avenue Saint Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith New South Wales 2753 Australia
| | - Jane A. Catford
- Department of Geography King’s College London Strand London WC2B 4BG UK
| | - Daniel J. Larkin
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology University of Minnesota 135 Skok Hall, 2003 Upper Buford Circle Saint Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Jeannine Cavender‐Bares
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota 1479 Gortner Avenue Saint Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
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32
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Roden VJ, Zuschin M, Nützel A, Hausmann IM, Kiessling W. Drivers of beta diversity in modern and ancient reef-associated soft-bottom environments. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9139. [PMID: 32461832 PMCID: PMC7231500 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta diversity, the compositional variation among communities, is often associated with environmental gradients. Other drivers of beta diversity include stochastic processes, priority effects, predation, or competitive exclusion. Temporal turnover may also explain differences in faunal composition between fossil assemblages. To assess the drivers of beta diversity in reef-associated soft-bottom environments, we investigate community patterns in a Middle to Late Triassic reef basin assemblage from the Cassian Formation in the Dolomites, Northern Italy, and compare results with a Recent reef basin assemblage from the Northern Bay of Safaga, Red Sea, Egypt. We evaluate beta diversity with regard to age, water depth, and spatial distance, and compare the results with a null model to evaluate the stochasticity of these differences. Using pairwise proportional dissimilarity, we find very high beta diversity for the Cassian Formation (0.91 ± 0.02) and slightly lower beta diversity for the Bay of Safaga (0.89 ± 0.04). Null models show that stochasticity only plays a minor role in determining faunal differences. Spatial distance is also irrelevant. Contrary to expectations, there is no tendency of beta diversity to decrease with water depth. Although water depth has frequently been found to be a key factor in determining beta diversity, we find that it is not the major driver in these reef-associated soft-bottom environments. We postulate that priority effects and the biotic structuring of the sediment may be key determinants of beta diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Julie Roden
- GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Section Paleobiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Zuschin
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Nützel
- SNSB—Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Munich, Germany
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Imelda M. Hausmann
- SNSB—Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Munich, Germany
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kiessling
- GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Section Paleobiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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33
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Chung KF. In memoriam Ching-I Peng (1950-2018)-an outstanding scientist and mentor with a remarkable legacy. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2020; 61:14. [PMID: 32333228 PMCID: PMC7182648 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-020-00291-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ching-I Peng, the most prolific and internationally recognized Taiwanese plant taxonomist of his generation, passed away on May 1, 2018. Dr. Peng was an eminent worker on the taxonomy of East Asian plants and the genus Ludwigia, and the foremost expert on Asian Begonia. He served as associate editor, co-editor in chief, and editor-in-chief of Botanical Studies and its predecessor Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica during the period 1992-2016. He gathered over 25,000 plant specimens, name 121 plant taxa, and has left a remarkable legacy of literature, collaborations and collections. This article summarizes Dr. Peng's academic career and commemorates his enduring contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Fang Chung
- Research Museum and Herbarium (HAST), Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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34
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Abstract
Climate strongly shapes plant diversity over large spatial scales, with relatively warm and wet (benign, productive) regions supporting greater numbers of species. Unresolved aspects of this relationship include what causes it, whether it permeates to community diversity at smaller spatial scales, whether it is accompanied by patterns in functional and phylogenetic diversity as some hypotheses predict, and whether it is paralleled by climate-driven changes in diversity over time. Here, studies of Californian plants are reviewed and new analyses are conducted to synthesize climate-diversity relationships in space and time. Across spatial scales and organizational levels, plant diversity is maximized in more productive (wetter) climates, and these consistent spatial relationships are mirrored in losses of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity over time during a recent climatic drying trend. These results support the tolerance and climatic niche conservatism hypotheses for climate-diversity relationships, and suggest there is some predictability to future changes in diversity in water-limited climates.
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35
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Wang W, Chen S, Guo W, Li Y, Zhang X. Tropical plants evolve faster than their temperate relatives: a case from the bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) based on chloroplast genome data. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1773312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wencai Wang
- Molecular Genetics Group, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
- Molecular Genetics Group, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Siyun Chen
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yongquan Li
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Xianzhi Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
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36
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Chesters D, Beckschäfer P, Orr MC, Adamowicz SJ, Chun K, Zhu C. Climatic and vegetational drivers of insect beta diversity at the continental scale. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:13764-13775. [PMID: 31938480 PMCID: PMC6953656 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We construct a framework for mapping pattern and drivers of insect diversity at the continental scale and use it to test whether and which environmental gradients drive insect beta diversity. LOCATION Global; North and Central America; Western Europe. TIME PERIOD 21st century. MAJOR TAXA STUDIED Insects. METHODS An informatics system was developed to integrate terrestrial data on insects with environmental parameters. We mined repositories of data for distribution, climatic data were retrieved (WorldClim), and vegetation parameters inferred from remote sensing analysis (MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields). Beta diversity between sites was calculated and then modeled with two methods, Mantel test with multiple regression and generalized dissimilarity modeling. RESULTS Geographic distance was the main driver of insect beta diversity. Independent of geographic distance, bioclimate variables explained more variance in dissimilarity than vegetation variables, although the particular variables found to be significant were more consistent in the latter, particularly, tree cover. Tree cover gradients drove compositional dissimilarity at denser coverages, in both continental case studies. For climate, gradients in temperature parameters were significant in driving beta diversity more so than gradients in precipitation parameters. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Although environmental gradients drive insect beta diversity independently of geography, the relative contribution of different climatic and vegetational parameters is not expected to be consistent in different study systems. With further incorporation of additional temporal information and variables, this approach will enable the development of a predictive framework for conserving insect biodiversity at the global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Chesters
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and EvolutionInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Philip Beckschäfer
- Forest Inventory and Remote SensingFaculty of Forest Sciences and Forest EcologyGöttingen UniversityGöttingenGermany
- Northwest German Forest Research InstituteGöttingenGermany
| | - Michael C. Orr
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and EvolutionInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Sarah J. Adamowicz
- Department of Integrative Biology & Biodiversity Institute of OntarioUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
| | - Kwok‐Pan Chun
- Department of GeographyHong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongHong Kong S. A. R.China
| | - Chao‐Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and EvolutionInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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37
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Graham LJ, Eigenbrod F. Scale dependency in drivers of outdoor recreation in England. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Graham
- Geography and Environment University of Southampton Southampton UK
| | - Felix Eigenbrod
- Geography and Environment University of Southampton Southampton UK
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38
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Chase JM, McGill BJ, Thompson PL, Antão LH, Bates AE, Blowes SA, Dornelas M, Gonzalez A, Magurran AE, Supp SR, Winter M, Bjorkman AD, Bruelheide H, Byrnes JEK, Cabral JS, Elahi R, Gomez C, Guzman HM, Isbell F, Myers‐Smith IH, Jones HP, Hines J, Vellend M, Waldock C, O'Connor M. Species richness change across spatial scales. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig, Deutscherplatz 5e DE‐04103 Leipzig Germany
- Dept of Computer Sciences, Martin Luther Univ. ‐Halle‐Wittenberg Halle Germany
| | - Brian J. McGill
- School of Biology and Ecology & Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions, Univ. of Maine Orono ME USA
| | - Patrick L. Thompson
- Biodiversity Research Centre and Dept of Zoology, Univ. of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Laura H. Antão
- Centre for Biological Diversity, Univ. of St Andrews St Andrews Scotland UK
- Dept of Biology and CESAM, Univ de Aveiro Portugal
| | - Amanda E. Bates
- Centre for Biological Diversity, Univ. of St Andrews St Andrews Scotland UK
- Dept of Ocean Sciences, Memorial Univ. of Newfoundland St. John's NF Canada
| | - Shane A. Blowes
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig, Deutscherplatz 5e DE‐04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Maria Dornelas
- Centre for Biological Diversity, Univ. of St Andrews St Andrews Scotland UK
| | - Andrew Gonzalez
- Dept of Biology, Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, McGill University Montreal QC Canada
| | - Anne E. Magurran
- Centre for Biological Diversity, Univ. of St Andrews St Andrews Scotland UK
| | - Sarah R. Supp
- Data Analytics Program, Denison Univ Granville OH USA
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig, Deutscherplatz 5e DE‐04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Anne D. Bjorkman
- Group for Informatics and Biodiversity, Dept of Bioscience, Aarhus Univ Aarhus Denmark
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig, Deutscherplatz 5e DE‐04103 Leipzig Germany
- Inst. of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther Univ Halle‐Wittenberg Halle, (Saale) Germany
| | | | - Juliano Sarmento Cabral
- Ecosystem Modeling, Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology (CCTB), Faculty of Biology, Univ. of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Robin Elahi
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford Univ Pacific Grove CA USA
| | - Catalina Gomez
- Smithsonian Tropical Res. Inst Panama Republic of Panama
- Dept of Biology, Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, McGill Univ Montreal QC Canada
| | | | - Forest Isbell
- Dept of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Univ.y of Minnesota Twin Cities Saint Paul MN USA
| | | | - Holly P. Jones
- Dept of Biological Sciences and Inst. for the Study of the Environment, Sustainability and Energy, Northern Illinois Univ DeKalb IL USA
| | - Jes Hines
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig, Deutscherplatz 5e DE‐04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Mark Vellend
- Dépt de Biologie, Univ. de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC Canada
| | - Conor Waldock
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Univ. of Southampton Southampton England UK
| | - Mary O'Connor
- Biodiversity Research Centre and Dept of Zoology, Univ. of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
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