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Benhamouda N, Besbes A, Bauer R, Mabrouk N, Gadouas G, Desaint C, Chevrier L, Lefebvre M, Radenne A, Roelens M, Parfait B, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Gruel N, Courbebaisse M, Appay V, Paul S, Gorochov G, Ropers J, Lebbah S, Lelievre JD, Johannes L, Ulmer J, Lebeaux D, Friedlander G, De Lamballerie X, Ravel P, Kieny MP, Batteux F, Durier C, Launay O, Tartour E. Cytokine profile of anti-spike CD4 +T cells predicts humoral and CD8 +T cell responses after anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. iScience 2024; 27:110441. [PMID: 39104410 PMCID: PMC11298648 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Coordinating immune responses - humoral and cellular - is vital for protection against severe Covid-19. Our study evaluates a multicytokine CD4+T cell signature's predictive for post-vaccinal serological and CD8+T cell responses. A cytokine signature composed of four cytokines (IL-2, TNF-α, IP10, IL-9) excluding IFN-γ, and generated through machine learning, effectively predicted the CD8+T cell response following mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2 vaccine administration. Its applicability extends to murine vaccination models, encompassing diverse immunization routes (such as intranasal) and vaccine platforms (including adjuvanted proteins). Notably, we found correlation between CD4+T lymphocyte-produced IL-21 and the humoral response. Consequently, we propose a test that offers a rapid overview of integrated immune responses. This approach holds particular relevance for scenarios involving immunocompromised patients because they often have low cell counts (lymphopenia) or pandemics. This study also underscores the pivotal role of CD4+T cells during a vaccine response and highlights their value in vaccine immunomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Benhamouda
- Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, PARCC, Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
| | - Anissa Besbes
- Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, PARCC, Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
| | | | - Nesrine Mabrouk
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, PARCC, Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
| | - Gauthier Gadouas
- Bioinformatics and Cancer System Biology Team, IRCM-INSERM U1194, Institut de Recherche en Cancerologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Corinne Desaint
- INSERM SC10-US019, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CIC 1417, F-CRIN, Innovative Clinical Research Network in Vaccinology (I-REIVAC), APHP, CIC Cochin Pasteur, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Chevrier
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1016 Insitut Cochin, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, Centre Service d’immunologie Biologique, Paris, France
| | - Maeva Lefebvre
- Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre de prévention des maladies infectieuses et transmissibles CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Anne Radenne
- Unité de Recherche Clinique des Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Marie Roelens
- Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, PARCC, Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Parfait
- Centre de ressources Biologiques, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine in Health Sciences, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nadège Gruel
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Paris, France
- Department of Translational Research, Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Marie Courbebaisse
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Explorations fonctionnelles rénales, Physiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Victor Appay
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5164, INSERM ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpT, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- International Research Center of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Stephane Paul
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, INSERM, CIC 1408 INSERM Vaccinology, Immunology Department, iBiothera Reference Center, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Guy Gorochov
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Ropers
- Unité de Recherche Clinique des Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière –Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière- Charles Foix, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Said Lebbah
- Unité de Recherche Clinique des Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière –Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière- Charles Foix, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Lelievre
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
- INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
- Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, APHP, Créteil, France
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Ulmer
- Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - David Lebeaux
- Université Paris Cité, Service de maladies infectieuses Hôpital Saint Louis/Lariboisère APHP, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Gerard Friedlander
- Department of « Croissance et Signalisation », Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Xavier De Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents, UVE: Aix-Marseille Université, IRD 190, INSERM 1207 Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Ravel
- Bioinformatics and Cancer System Biology Team, IRCM-INSERM U1194, Institut de Recherche en Cancerologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Paule Kieny
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Fréderic Batteux
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1016 Insitut Cochin, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, Centre Service d’immunologie Biologique, Paris, France
| | | | - Odile Launay
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CIC 1417, F-CRIN, Innovative Clinical Research Network in Vaccinology (I-REIVAC), APHP, CIC Cochin Pasteur, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, PARCC, Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
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2
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Capone M, Vanni A, Salvati L, Lamacchia G, Mazzoni A, Maggi L, Cosmi L, Liotta F, Romagnani P, Cirillo L, Buti E, Terlizzi V, Azzari C, Citera F, Barbati F, Rossolini GM, Bresci S, Borchi B, Cavallo A, Mencarini J, Francalanci E, Kiros ST, Bartoloni A, Annunziato F. Effect of antimetabolite regimen on cellular and humoral immune response to SARS-COV-2 vaccination in solid organ transplant recipients. Immunol Lett 2024; 268:106886. [PMID: 38906482 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Novel mRNA-based vaccines have been proven to be powerful tools in combating the global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 protecting individuals, especially the immunocompromised, from COVID-19. Still, it remains largely unknown how solid organ transplant and different immunosuppressive medications affect development of vaccine-induced immunity. METHODS In this work, we monitored humoral and cellular memory responses after mRNA SARS-CoV-2 two-doses and booster doses vaccination in cystic fibrosis lung transplanted patients (CFT) and compared them with both cystic fibrosis patients without lung transplant (CF) and with kidney transplant recipients (KT). In particular, we investigated the effects of immunosuppressive regimens on immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 after mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in transplanted patients. RESULTS Our results showed that immunocompromised transplanted patients displayed a weak cellular and humoral memory to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. In addition, obtained data clearly demonstrate that immunosuppressive therapy regimen including antimetabolites, further reduces patients' ability to respond to vaccination at both humoral and cell-mediated level. Notably, patient treated with antimetabolites showed a lower humoral and cellular response also after a booster dose vaccination. CONCLUSION These results, even if obtained on a small patient's cohort, question whether immunocompromised patients need interventions to improve vaccine SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine response such as additional jab or modulation of immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Capone
- University of Florence, Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Florence, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Azienda USL-Toscana Centro, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Vanni
- University of Florence, Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Salvati
- University of Florence, Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Lamacchia
- University of Florence, Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Mazzoni
- University of Florence, Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Florence, Italy; Flow cytometry diagnostic center and immunotherapy, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Maggi
- University of Florence, Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cosmi
- University of Florence, Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Florence, Italy; Immunology and Cell Therapy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Liotta
- University of Florence, Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Florence, Italy; Immunology and Cell Therapy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Romagnani
- University of Florence, Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Florence, Italy; Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Luigi Cirillo
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Buti
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Vito Terlizzi
- Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Department of Paediatric Medicine, Meyer Children's University Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Azzari
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Citera
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Barbati
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Santo Stefano Hospital, AUSL Toscana Centro, Prato, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- University of Florence, Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Florence, Italy; Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Bresci
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Beatrice Borchi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cavallo
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Jessica Mencarini
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Emanuela Francalanci
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Seble Tekle Kiros
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bartoloni
- University of Florence, Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Florence, Italy; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Annunziato
- University of Florence, Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Florence, Italy; Flow cytometry diagnostic center and immunotherapy, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
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3
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Liu X, Zhou M, Fang M, Xie Y, Chen P, Chen R, Wu K, Ye J, Liu C, Zhu H, Cheng T, Yuan L, Zhao H, Guan Y, Xia N. Decisive reversal of lethal coronavirus disease 2019 in senescent hamster by synchronic antiviral and immunoregulatory intervention. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e642. [PMID: 39036342 PMCID: PMC11258460 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The poor prognosis observed in elderly individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains a serious clinical burden and the underlying mechanism is unclear, which necessities detailed investigation of disease characteristics and research for efficient countermeasures. To simulate lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in senescent human patients, 80-week-old male hamsters are intranasally inoculated with different doses of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 variant. Exposure to a low dose of the Omicron BA.5 variant results in early activation of the innate immune response, followed by rapid viral clearance and minimal lung damage. However, a high dose of BA.5 results in impaired interferon signaling, cytokine storm, uncontrolled viral replication, and severe lung injury. To decrease viral load and reverse the deterioration of COVID-19, a new bio-mimic decoy called CoVR-MV is used as a preventive or therapeutic agent. Administration of CoVR-MV as a preventive or therapeutic intervention in the early stages of infection can effectively suppress viral load, regulate the immune response, and rescue animals from death and critical illness. These findings underscore the risk associated with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 exposure in senescent hamsters and highlight the importance of early intervention to prevent disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- Clinical Center for Bio‐TherapyZhongshan HospitalFudan University (Xiamen Branch)XiamenFujianChina
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, School of Life Sciences & School of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Ming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, School of Life Sciences & School of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Mujing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, School of Life Sciences & School of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Ying Xie
- National Institute for Food and Drug ControlBeijingChina
- Institute of Medical BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeKunmingChina
| | - Peiwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Guangdong‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/Joint Laboratory for International Collaboration in Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Institute of Virology (STU/HKU)Shantou UniversityShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Rirong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Guangdong‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/Joint Laboratory for International Collaboration in Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Institute of Virology (STU/HKU)Shantou UniversityShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Kun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, School of Life Sciences & School of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Jianghui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, School of Life Sciences & School of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Che Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, School of Life Sciences & School of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Huachen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Guangdong‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/Joint Laboratory for International Collaboration in Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Institute of Virology (STU/HKU)Shantou UniversityShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Tong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, School of Life Sciences & School of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Lunzhi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, School of Life Sciences & School of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Hui Zhao
- National Institute for Food and Drug ControlBeijingChina
| | - Yi Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Guangdong‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases/Joint Laboratory for International Collaboration in Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Institute of Virology (STU/HKU)Shantou UniversityShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, School of Life Sciences & School of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
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4
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Brook B, Duval V, Barman S, Speciner L, Sweitzer C, Khanmohammed A, Menon M, Foster K, Ghosh P, Abedi K, Koster J, Nanishi E, Baden LR, Levy O, VanCott T, Micol R, Dowling DJ. Adjuvantation of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine with controlled tissue-specific expression of an mRNA encoding IL-12p70. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadm8451. [PMID: 39047117 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adm8451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines were pivotal in reducing severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection burden, yet they have not demonstrated robust durability, especially in older adults. Here, we describe a molecular adjuvant comprising a lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated mRNA encoding interleukin-12p70 (IL-12p70). The bioactive adjuvant was engineered with a multiorgan protection (MOP) sequence to restrict transcript expression to the intramuscular injection site. Admixing IL-12-MOP (CTX-1796) with the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine increased spike protein-specific immune responses in mice. Specifically, the benefits of IL-12-MOP adjuvantation included amplified humoral and cellular immunity and increased immune durability for 1 year after vaccination in mice. An additional benefit included the restoration of immunity in aged mice to amounts comparable to those achieved in young adult animals, alongside amplification with a single immunization. Associated enhanced dendritic cell and germinal center responses were observed. Together, these data demonstrate that an LNP-encapsulated IL-12-MOP mRNA-encoded adjuvant can amplify immunogenicity independent of age, demonstrating translational potential to benefit vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron Brook
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Valerie Duval
- Combined Therapeutics Incorporated, Boston, MA 02135, USA
| | - Soumik Barman
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Cali Sweitzer
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Manisha Menon
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Pallab Ghosh
- Combined Therapeutics Incorporated, Boston, MA 02135, USA
| | - Kimia Abedi
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jacob Koster
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Etsuro Nanishi
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lindsey R Baden
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Thomas VanCott
- Combined Therapeutics Incorporated, Boston, MA 02135, USA
| | - Romain Micol
- Combined Therapeutics Incorporated, Boston, MA 02135, USA
| | - David J Dowling
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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5
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Jiang XL, Song XD, Shi C, Yang GJ, Wang XJ, Zhang YW, Wu J, Zhao LX, Zhang MZ, Wang MM, Chen RR, He XJ, Dai EH, Gao HX, Shen Y, Dong G, Wang YL, Ma MJ. Variant-specific antibody response following repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114387. [PMID: 38896777 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The ongoing emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants poses challenges to the immunity induced by infections and vaccination. We conduct a 6-month longitudinal evaluation of antibody binding and neutralization of sera from individuals with six different combinations of vaccination and infection against BA.5, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86. We find that most individuals produce spike-binding IgG or neutralizing antibodies against BA.5, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 2 months after infection or vaccination. However, compared to ancestral strain and BA.5 variant, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 exhibit comparable but significant immune evasion. The spike-binding IgG and neutralizing antibody titers decrease in individuals without additional antigen exposure, and <50% of individuals neutralize XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 during the 6-month follow-up. Approximately 57% of the 107 followed up individuals experienced an additional infection, leading to improved binding IgG and neutralizing antibody levels against these variants. These findings provide insights into the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on immunity following repeated exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xue-Dong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Handan Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Handan 056001, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Chao Shi
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Guo-Jian Yang
- Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosafety in Universities of Shandong, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xue-Jun Wang
- Bioinformatics Center of Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yu-Wei Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Binzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Binzhou 256613, China
| | - Lian-Xiang Zhao
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Ming-Ming Wang
- Bioinformatics Center of Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Rui-Rui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xue-Juan He
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Er-Hei Dai
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Hui-Xia Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China.
| | - Gang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Yu-Ling Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang 050021, China.
| | - Mai-Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosafety in Universities of Shandong, Jinan 250012, China; School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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6
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Ishihara Y, Naruse H, Fujigaki H, Murakami R, Ando T, Sakurai K, Uehara K, Shimomae K, Sakaguchi E, Hattori H, Sarai M, Ishii J, Fujii R, Ito H, Saito K, Izawa H. Humoral and Cellular Response Induced by Primary Series and Booster Doses of mRNA Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: A Longitudinal Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:786. [PMID: 39066424 PMCID: PMC11281625 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Preexisting cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a pivotal risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We investigated the longitudinal (over 1 year and 9 months) humoral and cellular responses to primary series and booster doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in patients with CVD. Twenty-six patients with CVD who received monovalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccines were enrolled in this study. Peripheral blood samples were serially drawn nine times from each patient. IgG against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The numbers of interferon-γ-releasing cells in response to SARS-CoV-2 peptides were measured using an enzyme-linked immunospot assay. The RBD-IgG titers increased 2 weeks after the primary series and booster vaccination and waned 6 months after vaccination. The S1-specific T cell responses in patients aged < 75 years were favorable before and after booster doses; however, the Omicron BA.1-specific T cell responses were poor. These results suggest that regular vaccination is useful to maintain long-term antibody levels and has implications for booster dose strategies in patients with CVD. Additional booster doses, including Omicron variant-adapted mRNA vaccines, may be recommended for patients with CVD, regardless of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Ishihara
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan;
| | - Hiroyuki Naruse
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (E.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Hidetsugu Fujigaki
- Department of Advanced Diagnostic System Development, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (H.F.); (K.S.)
| | - Reiko Murakami
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;
| | - Tatsuya Ando
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (T.A.); (K.S.); (H.I.)
| | - Kouhei Sakurai
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (T.A.); (K.S.); (H.I.)
| | - Komei Uehara
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University Graduate of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.U.); (K.S.)
| | - Koki Shimomae
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University Graduate of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.U.); (K.S.)
| | - Eirin Sakaguchi
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (E.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Hidekazu Hattori
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (E.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Masayoshi Sarai
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (M.S.); (J.I.); (H.I.)
| | - Junnichi Ishii
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (M.S.); (J.I.); (H.I.)
| | - Ryosuke Fujii
- Department of Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan;
| | - Hiroyasu Ito
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (T.A.); (K.S.); (H.I.)
| | - Kuniaki Saito
- Department of Advanced Diagnostic System Development, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (H.F.); (K.S.)
| | - Hideo Izawa
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (M.S.); (J.I.); (H.I.)
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7
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van de Sandt CE, Kedzierska K. Robust immunity conferred by combining COVID-19 vaccine platforms in older adults. NATURE AGING 2024:10.1038/s43587-024-00668-2. [PMID: 38997423 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00668-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolien E van de Sandt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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8
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Hannawi S, Wu XH, Villalobos RE, Burhan E, Lallaine Borra MD, Gupta RK, Aquitania GP, Ang BWC, Mae A Zabat G, Roa CC, Zoleta-De Jesus L, Yu DD, Wang M, Wu Y, Song WJ, Ying B, Qin CF. Efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of a monovalent mRNA vaccine, ABO1020, in adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. MED 2024:S2666-6340(24)00259-9. [PMID: 39025066 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2024.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ABO1020 is a monovalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Results from a phase 1 trial showed ABO1020 was safe and well tolerated, and phase 3 trials to evaluate the efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of ABO1020 in healthy adults are urgently needed. METHODS We conducted a multinational, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trial among healthy adults (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05636319). Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either 2 doses of ABO1020 (15 μg per dose) or placebo, administered 28 days apart. The primary endpoint was the vaccine efficacy in preventing symptomatic COVID-19 cases that occurred at least 14 days post-full vaccination. The second endpoint included the neutralizing antibody titers against Omicron BA.5 and XBB and safety assessments. FINDINGS A total of 14,138 participants were randomly assigned to receive either vaccine or placebo (7,069 participants in each group). A total of 366 symptomatic COVID-19 cases were confirmed 14 days after the second dose among 93 participants in the ABO1020 group and 273 participants in the placebo group, yielding a vaccine efficacy of 66.18% (95% confidence interval: 57.21-73.27, p < 0.0001). A single dose or two doses of ABO1020 elicited potent neutralizing antibodies against both BA.5 and XBB.1.5. The safety profile of ABO1020 was characterized by transient, mild-to-moderate fever, pain at the injection site, and headache. CONCLUSION ABO1020 was well tolerated and conferred 66.18% protection against symptomatic COVID-19 in adults. FUNDING National Key Research and Development Project of China, Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences from the CAMS, National Natural Science Foundation of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suad Hannawi
- Internal Medicine Department, Al Kuwait-Dubai (Al Baraha) Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Xiao-Hong Wu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | | | - Erlina Burhan
- Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine Department, Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Rakesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pulmonology, Lifecare Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Blake Warren C Ang
- Internal Medicine Department, Manuel J. Santos Hospital, Butuan, Philippines
| | - Gelza Mae A Zabat
- William T. Chua Center for Clinical Research, Health Cube Medical Clinics, Mandaluyong, Philippines
| | - Camilo C Roa
- Department of Medicine, Medical Center Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Dan-Dan Yu
- Abogen Biosciences, Suzhou Abogen Biosciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Abogen Biosciences, Suzhou Abogen Biosciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Abogen Biosciences, Suzhou Abogen Biosciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jie Song
- Abogen Biosciences, Suzhou Abogen Biosciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Ying
- Abogen Biosciences, Suzhou Abogen Biosciences, Suzhou, China.
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China; Research Unit of Discovery and Tracing of Natural Focus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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9
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Hodgson D, Liu Y, Carolan L, Mahanty S, Subbarao K, Sullivan SG, Fox A, Kucharski A. Memory B cell proliferation drives differences in neutralising responses between ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.07.11.24310221. [PMID: 39040163 PMCID: PMC11261961 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.11.24310221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Vaccination against COVID-19 has been pivotal in reducing the global burden of the disease. However, Phase III trial results and observational studies underscore differences in efficacy across vaccine technologies and dosing regimens. Notably, mRNA vaccines have exhibited superior effectiveness compared to Adenovirus (AdV) vaccines, especially with extended dosing intervals. Using in-host mechanistic modelling, this study elucidates these variations and unravels the biological mechanisms shaping the immune responses at the cellular level. We used data on the change in memory B cells, plasmablasts, and antibody titres after the second dose of a COVID-19 vaccine for Australian healthcare workers. Alongside this dataset, we constructed a kinetic model of humoral immunity which jointly captured the dynamics of multiple immune markers, and integrated hierarchical effects into this kinetics model, including age, dosing schedule, and vaccine type. Our analysis estimated that mRNA vaccines induced 2.1 times higher memory B cell proliferation than AdV vaccines after adjusting for age, interval between doses and priming dose. Additionally, extending the duration between the second vaccine dose and priming dose beyond 28 days boosted neutralising antibody production per plasmablast concentration by 30%. We also found that antibody responses after the second dose were more persistent when mRNA vaccines were used over AdV vaccines and for longer dosing regimens. Reconstructing in-host kinetics in response to vaccination could help optimise vaccine dosing regimens, improve vaccine efficacy in different population groups, and inform the design of future vaccines for enhanced protection against emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hodgson
- Centre of Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School and Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Yi Liu
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Louise Carolan
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Siddhartha Mahanty
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sheena G. Sullivan
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Annette Fox
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adam Kucharski
- Centre of Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School and Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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10
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Carretero D, Giménez E, Albert E, Colomer E, Torres I, Olea B, Sánchez-Simarro Á, Navarro D. SARS-CoV-2-Spike T-cell response after receiving one or two Wuhan-Hu-1-based mRNA COVID-19 vaccine booster doses in elderly nursing home residents. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29790. [PMID: 38994662 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The effect of COVID-19 booster vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 T-cell mediated immune responses in elderly nursing home residents has not been explored in depth. Thirty-nine elderly nursing home residents (median age, 91 years) were included, all fully vaccinated with mRNA vaccines. The frequency of and the integrated mean fluorescence (iMFI) for peripheral blood SARS-CoV-2-Spike reactive IFN-γ-producing CD4+ or CD8+ T cells before and after the first (Pre-3D and Post-3D) and second (Pre-4D and Post-4D) vaccine booster doses was determined using flow cytometry for an intracellular staining method. 3D increased significantly (p = 0.01) the percentage of participants displaying detectable SARS-CoV-2-T-cell responses compared with pre-3D (97% vs. 74%). The magnitude of the increase was statistically significant for CD8+ T cells (p = 0.007) but not for CD4+ T cells (p = 0.77). A trend towards higher frequencies of peripheral blood SARS-CoV-2-CD8+ T cells was observed post-3D compared with pre-3D (p = 0.06). The percentage of participants with detectable SARS-S-CoV-2 CD4+ T-cell responses decreased post-4D (p = 0.035). Following 4D, a nonsignificant decrease in the frequencies of both T cell subsets was noticed (p = 0.94 for CD8+ T cells and p = 0.06 for CD4+ T cells). iMFI data mirrored that of T-cell frequencies. The kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 CD8+ and CD4+ T cells following receipt of 3D and 4D were comparable across SARS-CoV-2-experienced and -naïve participants and between individuals receiving a homologous or heterologous vaccine booster. 3D increased the percentage of elderly nursing home residents displaying detectable SARS-CoV-2 T-cell responses but had a marginal effect on T-cell frequencies. The impact of 4D on SARS-CoV-2 T-cell responses was negligible; whether this was due to suboptimal priming or rapid waning could not be ascertained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Carretero
- Microbiology Service, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Estela Giménez
- Microbiology Service, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eliseo Albert
- Microbiology Service, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ester Colomer
- Microbiology Service, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ignacio Torres
- Microbiology Service, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Olea
- Microbiology Service, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángela Sánchez-Simarro
- Microbiology Service, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Navarro
- Microbiology Service, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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11
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Lee B, Bae GE, Jeong IH, Kim JH, Kwon MJ, Kim J, Kim B, Lee JW, Nam JH, Huh HJ, Kang ES. Age-Related Differences in Neutralizing Antibody Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron Variants in 151 SARS-CoV-2-Naïve Metropolitan Residents Boosted with BNT162b2. J Appl Lab Med 2024; 9:741-751. [PMID: 38531067 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although age negatively correlates with vaccine-induced immune responses, whether the vaccine-induced neutralizing effect against variants of concern (VOCs) substantially differs across age remains relatively poorly explored. In addition, the utility of commercial binding assays developed with the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 for predicting the neutralizing effect against VOCs should be revalidated. METHODS We analyzed 151 triple-vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-naïve individuals boosted with BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech). The study population was divided into young adults (age < 30), middle-aged adults (30 ≤ age < 60), and older adults (age ≥ 60). The plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) titers against Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529) variants were compared across age. Antibody titers measured with commercial binding assays were compared with PRNT titers. RESULTS Age-related decline in neutralizing titers was observed for both Delta and Omicron variants. Neutralizing titers for Omicron were lower than those against Delta in all ages. The multiple linear regression model demonstrated that duration from third dose to sample collection and vaccine types were also significant factors affecting vaccine-induced immunity along with age. The correlation between commercial binding assays and PRNT was acceptable for all age groups with the Delta variant, but relatively poor for middle-aged and older adults with the Omicron variant due to low titers. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights into the age-related dynamics of vaccine-induced immunity against SARS-CoV-2 VOCs, corroborating the need for age-specific vaccination strategies in the endemic era where new variants continue to evolve. Moreover, commercial binding assays should be used cautiously when estimating neutralizing titers against VOCs, particularly Omicron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beomki Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Go Eun Bae
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hwa Jeong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hun Kim
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kwon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungguk Kim
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Woo Lee
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Nam
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Huh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Suk Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Dallan B, Proietto D, De Laurentis M, Gallerani E, Martino M, Ghisellini S, Zurlo A, Volpato S, Govoni B, Borghesi M, Albanese V, Appay V, Bonnini S, Llewellyn-Lacey S, Pacifico S, Grumiro L, Brandolini M, Semprini S, Sambri V, Ladell K, Parry HM, Moss PAH, Price DA, Caputo A, Gavioli R, Nicoli F. Age differentially impacts adaptive immune responses induced by adenoviral versus mRNA vaccines against COVID-19. NATURE AGING 2024:10.1038/s43587-024-00644-w. [PMID: 38918602 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00644-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Adenoviral and mRNA vaccines encoding the viral spike (S) protein have been deployed globally to contain severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Older individuals are particularly vulnerable to severe infection, probably reflecting age-related changes in the immune system, which can also compromise vaccine efficacy. It is nonetheless unclear to what extent different vaccine platforms are impacted by immunosenescence. Here, we evaluated S protein-specific immune responses elicited by vaccination with two doses of BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1-S and subsequently boosted with a single dose of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273, comparing age-stratified participants with no evidence of previous infection with SARS-CoV-2. We found that aging profoundly compromised S protein-specific IgG titers and further limited S protein-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immunity as a probable function of progressive erosion of the naive lymphocyte pool in individuals vaccinated initially with BNT162b2. Our results demonstrate that primary vaccination with ChAdOx1-S and subsequent boosting with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 promotes sustained immunological memory in older adults and potentially confers optimal protection against coronavirus disease 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Dallan
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Davide Proietto
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina De Laurentis
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gallerani
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mara Martino
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sara Ghisellini
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital St. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Amedeo Zurlo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Geriatrics Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Volpato
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Geriatrics Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Benedetta Govoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Geriatrics Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michela Borghesi
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina Albanese
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Victor Appay
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5164, INSERM ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpT, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stefano Bonnini
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sian Llewellyn-Lacey
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Salvatore Pacifico
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Laura Grumiro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Brandolini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Semprini
- Unit of Microbiology, Greater Romagna Area Hub Laboratory, Cesena, Italy
| | - Vittorio Sambri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Unit of Microbiology, Greater Romagna Area Hub Laboratory, Cesena, Italy
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Helen M Parry
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul A H Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Antonella Caputo
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Riccardo Gavioli
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicoli
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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13
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Kakugawa T, Mimura Y, Mimura-Kimura Y, Doi K, Ohteru Y, Kakugawa H, Oishi K, Kakugawa M, Hirano T, Matsunaga K. Kinetics of pro- and anti-inflammatory spike-specific cellular immune responses in long-term care facility residents after COVID-19 mRNA primary and booster vaccination: a prospective longitudinal study in Japan. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:41. [PMID: 38909235 PMCID: PMC11193299 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-024-00444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The magnitude and durability of cell-mediated immunity in older and severely frail individuals following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination remain unclear. A controlled immune response could be the key to preventing severe COVID-19; however, it is uncertain whether vaccination induces an anti-inflammatory cellular immune response. To address these issues, a 48-week-long prospective longitudinal study was conducted. A total of 106 infection-naive participants (57 long-term care facility [LTCF] residents [median age; 89.0 years], 28 outpatients [median age; 72.0 years], and 21 healthcare workers [median age; 51.0 years]) provided peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples for the assessment of spike-specific PBMC responses before primary vaccination, 24 weeks after primary vaccination, and three months after booster vaccination. Cellular immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein were examined by measuring interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 levels secreted from the spike protein peptide-stimulated PBMCs of participants. RESULTS LTCF residents exhibited significantly lower IFN-γ, TNF, IL-2, and IL-6 levels than healthcare workers after the primary vaccination. Booster vaccination increased IL-2 and IL-6 levels in LTCF residents comparable to those in healthcare workers, whereas IFN-γ and TNF levels in LTCF residents remained significantly lower than those in healthcare workers. IL-10 levels were not significantly different from the initial values after primary vaccination but increased significantly after booster vaccination in all subgroups. Multivariate analysis showed that age was negatively associated with IFN-γ, TNF, IL-2, and IL-6 levels but not with IL-10 levels. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IFN-γ, TNF, IL-2, and IL-6, were positively correlated with humoral immune responses, whereas IL-10 levels were not. CONCLUSIONS Older and severely frail individuals may exhibit diminished spike-specific PBMC responses following COVID-19 vaccination compared to the general population. A single booster vaccination may not adequately enhance cell-mediated immunity in older and severely frail individuals to a level comparable to that in the general population. Furthermore, booster vaccination may induce not only a pro-inflammatory cellular immune response but also an anti-inflammatory cellular immune response, potentially mitigating detrimental hyperinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kakugawa
- Department of Pulmonology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan.
- Medical Corporation WADOKAI, Hofu Rehabilitation Hospital, Hofu, Japan.
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi Ube Medical Center, Ube, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Mimura
- The Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi Ube Medical Center, Ube, Japan
| | - Yuka Mimura-Kimura
- The Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi Ube Medical Center, Ube, Japan
| | - Keiko Doi
- Department of Pulmonology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ohteru
- Medical Corporation WADOKAI, Hofu Rehabilitation Hospital, Hofu, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kakugawa
- Medical Corporation WADOKAI, Hofu Rehabilitation Hospital, Hofu, Japan
| | - Keiji Oishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kakugawa
- Medical Corporation WADOKAI, Hofu Rehabilitation Hospital, Hofu, Japan
| | - Tsunahiko Hirano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Kazuto Matsunaga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
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14
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Cheng KW, Yen CH, Chang R, Wei JCC, Wang SI. Real-World Assessment of Recommended COVID-19 Vaccination Waiting Period after Chemotherapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:678. [PMID: 38932407 PMCID: PMC11209144 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a knowledge gap concerning the proper timing for COVID-19 vaccination in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. We aimed to evaluate the suitability of the guidelines that recommend waiting at least three months after undergoing chemotherapy before receiving a COVID-19 vaccine. This retrospective cohort study used aggregated data from the TriNetX US Collaboratory network. Participants were grouped into two groups based on the interval between chemotherapy and vaccination. The primary outcome assessed was infection risks, including COVID-19; skin, intra-abdominal, and urinary tract infections; pneumonia; and sepsis. Secondary measures included healthcare utilization and all causes of mortality. Kaplan-Meier analysis and the Cox proportional hazard model were used to calculate the cumulative incidence and hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals for the outcomes. The proportional hazard assumption was tested with the generalized Schoenfeld approach. Four subgroup analyses (cancer type, vaccine brand, sex, age) were conducted. Sensitivity analyses were performed to account for competing risks and explore three distinct time intervals. Patients receiving a vaccine within three months after chemotherapy had a higher risk of COVID-19 infection (HR: 1.428, 95% CI: 1.035-1.970), urinary tract infection (HR: 1.477, 95% CI: 1.083-2.014), and sepsis (HR: 1.854, 95% CI: 1.091-3.152) compared to those who adhered to the recommendations. Hospital inpatient service utilization risk was also significantly elevated for the within three months group (HR: 1.692, 95% CI: 1.354-2.115). Adhering to a three-month post-chemotherapy waiting period reduces infection and healthcare utilization risks for cancer patients receiving a COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Wen Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Hua Yen
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Renin Chang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan;
- Department of Recreation and Sports Management, Tajen University, Pintung 90741, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Office of Research and Development, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Ing Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Center for Health Data Science, Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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15
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Zhang W, Sun HS, Wang X, Dumont AS, Liu Q. Cellular senescence, DNA damage, and neuroinflammation in the aging brain. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:461-474. [PMID: 38729785 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Aging may lead to low-level chronic inflammation that increases the susceptibility to age-related conditions, including memory impairment and progressive loss of brain volume. As brain health is essential to promoting healthspan and lifespan, it is vital to understand age-related changes in the immune system and central nervous system (CNS) that drive normal brain aging. However, the relative importance, mechanistic interrelationships, and hierarchical order of such changes and their impact on normal brain aging remain to be clarified. Here, we synthesize accumulating evidence that age-related DNA damage and cellular senescence in the immune system and CNS contribute to the escalation of neuroinflammation and cognitive decline during normal brain aging. Targeting cellular senescence and immune modulation may provide a logical rationale for developing new treatment options to restore immune homeostasis and counteract age-related brain dysfunction and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Aaron S Dumont
- Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
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16
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Sánchez-Simarro Á, Fernández-Soto D, Grau B, Albert E, Giménez E, Avilés-Alía AI, Gozalbo-Rovira R, Rusu L, Olea B, Geller R, Reyburn HT, Navarro D. Functional antibody responses targeting the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB.1.5 in elderly nursing home residents following Wuhan-Hu-1-based mRNA booster vaccination. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11896. [PMID: 38789475 PMCID: PMC11126592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62874-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune effector mechanisms involved in protecting against severe COVID-19 infection in elderly nursing home residents following vaccination or natural infection are not well understood. Here, we measured SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S)-directed functional antibody responses, including neutralizing antibodies (NtAb) and antibody Fc-mediated NK cell activity (degranulation and IFNγ production), against the Wuhan-Hu-1, BA.4/5 (for NtAb), and Omicron XBB.1.5 variants in elderly nursing home residents (n = 39; median age, 91 years) before and following a third (pre- and post-3D) and a fourth (pre- and post-4D) mRNA COVID-19 vaccine dose. Both 3D and 4D boosted NtAb levels against both (sub)variants. Likewise, 3D and 4D increased the ability of sera to trigger both LAMP1- and IFNγ-producing NK cells, in particular against XBB.1.5. In contrast to NtAb titres, the frequencies of LAMP1- and IFNγ-producing NK cells activated by antibodies binding to Wuhan-Hu-1 and Omicron XBB.1.5 S were comparable at all testing times. Stronger functional antibody responses were observed in vaccine-experienced participants compared to vaccine-naïve at some testing times. These findings can contribute to identifying a reliable correlate of protection in elderly nursing home residents against severe COVID-19 and inform future vaccine strategies in this population group.
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Grants
- FIS, PI21/00563 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- FIS, PI21/00563 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- FIS, PI21/00563 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- FIS, PI21/00563 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- FIS, PI21/00563 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- FIS, PI21/00563 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- FIS, PI21/00563 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- FIS, PI21/00563 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- FIS, PI21/00563 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- FIS, PI21/00563 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- FIS, PI21/00563 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- FIS, PI21/00563 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- 202020E079 y CSIC-COVID19-028 Fundación General CSIC
- 202020E079 y CSIC-COVID19-028 Fundación General CSIC
- 202020E079 y CSIC-COVID19-028 Fundación General CSIC
- 202020E079 y CSIC-COVID19-028 Fundación General CSIC
- 202020E079 y CSIC-COVID19-028 Fundación General CSIC
- 202020E079 y CSIC-COVID19-028 Fundación General CSIC
- 202020E079 y CSIC-COVID19-028 Fundación General CSIC
- 202020E079 y CSIC-COVID19-028 Fundación General CSIC
- 202020E079 y CSIC-COVID19-028 Fundación General CSIC
- 202020E079 y CSIC-COVID19-028 Fundación General CSIC
- 202020E079 y CSIC-COVID19-028 Fundación General CSIC
- 202020E079 y CSIC-COVID19-028 Fundación General CSIC
- PID2020-115506RB-I00 (HTR) Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- PID2020-115506RB-I00 (HTR) Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- PID2020-115506RB-I00 (HTR) Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- PID2020-115506RB-I00 (HTR) Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- PID2020-115506RB-I00 (HTR) Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- PID2020-115506RB-I00 (HTR) Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- PID2020-115506RB-I00 (HTR) Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- PID2020-115506RB-I00 (HTR) Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- PID2020-115506RB-I00 (HTR) Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- PID2020-115506RB-I00 (HTR) Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- PID2020-115506RB-I00 (HTR) Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- PID2020-115506RB-I00 (HTR) Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Sánchez-Simarro
- Microbiology Service, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Fernández-Soto
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Brayan Grau
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eliseo Albert
- Microbiology Service, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Estela Giménez
- Microbiology Service, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Avilés-Alía
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Luciana Rusu
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Olea
- Microbiology Service, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ron Geller
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Hugh T Reyburn
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Navarro
- Microbiology Service, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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17
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Walmsley S, Nabipoor M, Qi F, Lovblom LE, Ravindran R, Colwill K, Dayam RM, Tursun TR, Silva A, Gingras AC. Declining Levels of Neutralizing Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variants Are Enhanced by Hybrid Immunity and Original/Omicron Bivalent Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:564. [PMID: 38932293 PMCID: PMC11209254 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We determined neutralizing antibody levels to the ancestral Wuhan SARS-CoV-2 strain and three Omicron variants, namely BA.5, XBB.1.5, and EG.5, in a heavily vaccinated cohort of 178 adults 15-19 months after the initial vaccine series and prospectively after 4 months. Although all participants had detectable neutralizing antibodies to Wuhan, the proportion with detectable neutralizing antibodies to the Omicron variants was decreased, and the levels were lower. Individuals with hybrid immunity at the baseline visit and those receiving the Original/Omicron bivalent vaccine between the two sampling times demonstrated increased neutralizing antibodies to all strains. Both a higher baseline neutralizing antibody titer to Omicron BA.5 and hybrid immunity were associated with protection against a breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection during a 4-month period of follow up during the Omicron BA.5 wave. Neither were associated with protection from a breakthrough infection at 10 months follow up. Receipt of an Original/Omicron BA.4/5 vaccine was associated with protection from a breakthrough infection at both 4 and 10 months follow up. This work demonstrates neutralizing antibody escape with the emerging Omicron variants and supports the use of additional vaccine doses with components that match circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants. A threshold value for neutralizing antibodies for protection against reinfection cannot be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Walmsley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada;
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Majid Nabipoor
- Biostatistics Department, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada; (M.N.); (L.E.L.)
| | - Freda Qi
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; (F.Q.); (K.C.); (R.M.D.); (T.R.T.); (A.-C.G.)
| | - Leif Erik Lovblom
- Biostatistics Department, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada; (M.N.); (L.E.L.)
| | - Rizani Ravindran
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada;
| | - Karen Colwill
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; (F.Q.); (K.C.); (R.M.D.); (T.R.T.); (A.-C.G.)
| | - Roya Monica Dayam
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; (F.Q.); (K.C.); (R.M.D.); (T.R.T.); (A.-C.G.)
| | - Tulunay R. Tursun
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; (F.Q.); (K.C.); (R.M.D.); (T.R.T.); (A.-C.G.)
| | - Amanda Silva
- DATA Team, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada;
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; (F.Q.); (K.C.); (R.M.D.); (T.R.T.); (A.-C.G.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
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18
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Liu HH, Xie Y, Yang BP, Wen HY, Yang PH, Lu JE, Liu Y, Chen X, Qu MM, Zhang Y, Hong WG, Li YG, Fu J, Wang FS. Safety, immunogenicity and protective effect of sequential vaccination with inactivated and recombinant protein COVID-19 vaccine in the elderly: a prospective longitudinal study. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:129. [PMID: 38740763 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01846-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in the elderly, a high-risk group for severe COVID-19 infection, have not been fully understood. To clarify these issues, this prospective study followed up 157 elderly and 73 young participants for 16 months and compared the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of two doses of the inactivated vaccine BBIBP-CorV followed by a booster dose of the recombinant protein vaccine ZF2001. The results showed that this vaccination protocol was safe and tolerable in the elderly. After administering two doses of the BBIBP-CorV, the positivity rates and titers of neutralizing and anti-RBD antibodies in the elderly were significantly lower than those in the young individuals. After the ZF2001 booster dose, the antibody-positive rates in the elderly were comparable to those in the young; however, the antibody titers remained lower. Gender, age, and underlying diseases were independently associated with vaccine immunogenicity in elderly individuals. The pseudovirus neutralization assay showed that, compared with those after receiving two doses of BBIBP-CorV priming, some participants obtained immunological protection against BA.5 and BF.7 after receiving the ZF2001 booster. Breakthrough infection symptoms last longer in the infected elderly and pre-infection antibody titers were negatively associated with the severity of post-infection symptoms. The antibody levels in the elderly increased significantly after breakthrough infection but were still lower than those in the young. Our data suggest that multiple booster vaccinations at short intervals to maintain high antibody levels may be an effective strategy for protecting the elderly against COVID-19.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19/immunology
- Female
- Male
- Aged
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects
- COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Prospective Studies
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology
- Vaccines, Inactivated/adverse effects
- Vaccines, Inactivated/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Aged, 80 and over
- Adult
- Vaccination
- Longitudinal Studies
- Middle Aged
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/adverse effects
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine/immunology
- Immunization, Secondary
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hong Liu
- Out-patient Department of Day Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yunbo Xie
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100039, China
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Bao-Peng Yang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Huan-Yue Wen
- Hunyuan County People's Hospital, Datong, 037499, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Peng-Hui Yang
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jin-E Lu
- Hunyuan County People's Hospital, Datong, 037499, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Out-patient Department of Day Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Meng-Meng Qu
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Wei-Guo Hong
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yong-Gang Li
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Junliang Fu
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100039, China.
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100039, China.
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
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19
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Hu X, Yuan D, Zeng Y, Guo C. Impact of the First-Wave COVID-19 Pandemic on Medical Expenditure for Older Adults in China: Lessons from a Natural Experiment. J Aging Soc Policy 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38734975 DOI: 10.1080/08959420.2024.2348967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Older adults' access to healthcare services may have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explored the effect of the first wave pandemic on the medical expenditure of older adults in China. Difference-in-Difference models captured both temporal and geographical variation in COVID-19 exposure to estimate the impacts of the pandemic on medical expenditure through a quasi-natural experiment. Data derived from the China Family Panel Studies. Results indicate that exposure to the pandemic significantly decreased total medical expenditures, hospital expenditures, and non-hospital medical expenditures of Chinese older adults by 15% (95% CI 12%-17%), 5% (95% CI 2%-7%), and 15% (95% CI 13%-16%), respectively, for each standardized severity increment. Females, less well-educated people, and individuals without internet access were most susceptible to experiencing these reductions. This study revealed that COVID-19 exerted a detrimental influence on the medical expenditure of older adults in mainland China. The "hidden epidemic" of non-COVID-19 medical needs of older adults deserves more attention on the part of policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyuan Hu
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dianqi Yuan
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyu Zeng
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
- APEC Health Science Academy (HeSAY), Peking University, Beijing, China
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20
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Brummelman J, Suárez-Hernández S, de Rond L, Bogaard-van Maurik M, Molenaar P, van Wijlen E, Oomen D, Beckers L, Rots NY, van Beek J, Nicolaie MA, van Els CACM, Boer MC, Kaaijk P, Buisman AM, de Wit J. Distinct T cell responsiveness to different COVID-19 vaccines and cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 variants with age and CMV status. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1392477. [PMID: 38774878 PMCID: PMC11106399 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1392477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Accumulating evidence indicates the importance of T cell immunity in vaccination-induced protection against severe COVID-19 disease, especially against SARS-CoV-2 Variants-of-Concern (VOCs) that more readily escape from recognition by neutralizing antibodies. However, there is limited knowledge on the T cell responses across different age groups and the impact of CMV status after primary and booster vaccination with different vaccine combinations. Moreover, it remains unclear whether age has an effect on the ability of T cells to cross-react against VOCs. Methods Therefore, we interrogated the Spike-specific T cell responses in healthy adults of the Dutch population across different ages, whom received different vaccine types for the primary series and/or booster vaccination, using IFNɣ ELISpot. Cells were stimulated with overlapping peptide pools of the ancestral Spike protein and different VOCs. Results Robust Spike-specific T cell responses were detected in the vast majority of participants upon the primary vaccination series, regardless of the vaccine type (i.e. BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, or Ad26.COV2.S). Clearly, in the 70+ age group, responses were overall lower and showed more variation compared to younger age groups. Only in CMV-seropositive older adults (>70y) there was a significant inverse relation of age with T cell responses. Although T cell responses increased in all age groups after booster vaccination, Spike-specific T cell frequencies remained lower in the 70+ age group. Regardless of age or CMV status, primary mRNA-1273 vaccination followed by BNT162b2 booster vaccination showed limited booster effect compared to the BNT162b2/BNT162b2 or BNT162b2/mRNA-1273 primary-booster regimen. A modest reduction in cross-reactivity to the Alpha, Delta and Omicron BA.1, but not the Beta or Gamma variant, was observed after primary vaccination. Discussion Together, this study shows that age, CMV status, but also the primary-booster vaccination regimen influence the height of the vaccination-induced Spike-specific T cell response, but did not impact the VOC cross-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanda Brummelman
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Sara Suárez-Hernández
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Lia de Rond
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Marjan Bogaard-van Maurik
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Petra Molenaar
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Emma van Wijlen
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Debbie Oomen
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Lisa Beckers
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Nynke Y. Rots
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Josine van Beek
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Mioara A. Nicolaie
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Cécile A. C. M. van Els
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mardi C. Boer
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Patricia Kaaijk
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Buisman
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Jelle de Wit
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
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21
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Li K, Xia Y, Ye H, Sun X, Shi B, Wu J. Effectiveness and safety of immune response to SARS‑CoV‑2 vaccine in patients with chronic kidney disease and dialysis: A systematic review and meta‑analysis. Biomed Rep 2024; 20:78. [PMID: 38590946 PMCID: PMC10999903 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is the most effective way to prevent COVID-19. However, for chronic kidney disease patients on long-term dialysis, there is a lack of evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of the immune response to the vaccine. The present meta-analysis explores the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccine in the immune response of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing dialysis. PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2022. Data analysis was performed using REVMAN 5.1s and Stata14 software. Baseline data and endpoint events were extracted, mainly including age, sex, dialysis vintage, body mass index (BMI), vaccine type and dose, history of COVID-19 infection, seropositivity rate, antibody titer, pain at injection site, headache and other safety events. The meta-analysis included 33 trials involving 81,348 patients. The immune efficacy of patients with CKD and dialysis was 80% (95 CI, 73-87%). The seropositivity rate of individuals without COVID-19 infection was 76.48% (3,824/5,000), while the seropositivity rate of individuals with COVID-19 infection was 80.82% (1,858/2,299). The standard mean difference of antibody titers in CKD and dialysis patients with or without COVID-19 infection was 27.73 (95% CI, -19.58-75.04). A total of nine studies reported the most common adverse events: Pain at the injection site, accounting for 18% (95 CI, 6-29%), followed by fatigue and headache, accounting for 8 (95 CI, 4-13%) and 6% (95 CI, 2-9%), respectively. COVID-19 vaccine benefitted patients with CKD undergoing dialysis with seropositivity rate ≥80%. Adverse events such as fatigue, headache, and pain at the injection site may occur after COVID-19 vaccination but the incidence is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejia Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Jiashan, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314100, P.R. China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Jiashan, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314100, P.R. China
| | - Hua Ye
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Jiashan, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314100, P.R. China
| | - Xian Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Jiashan, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314100, P.R. China
| | - Bairu Shi
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Jiashan, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314100, P.R. China
| | - Jiajun Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Jiashan, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314100, P.R. China
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22
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Zhao XJ, Liu XL, Liang YM, Zhang S, Liu T, Li LB, Jiang WG, Chen JJ, Xu Q, Lv CL, Jiang BG, Kou ZQ, Wang GL, Fang LQ. Epidemiological characteristics and antibody kinetics of elderly population with booster vaccination following both Omicron BA.5 and XBB waves in China. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29640. [PMID: 38699969 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
After the termination of zero-COVID-19 policy, the populace in China has experienced both Omicron BA.5 and XBB waves. Considering the poor antibody responses and severe outcomes observed among the elderly following infection, we conducted a longitudinal investigation to examine the epidemiological characteristics and antibody kinetics among 107 boosted elderly participants following the Omicron BA.5 and XBB waves. We observed that 96 participants (89.7%) were infected with Omicron BA.5, while 59 (55.1%) participants were infected with Omicron XBB. Notably, 52 participants (48.6%) experienced dual infections of both Omicron BA.5 and XBB. The proportion of symptomatic cases appeared to decrease following the XBB wave (18.6%) compared to that after the BA.5 wave (59.3%). Omicron BA.5 breakthrough infection induced lower neutralizing antibody titers against XBB.1.5, BA.2.86, and JN.1, while reinfection with Omicron XBB broadened the antibody responses against all measured Omicron subvariants and may alleviate the wild type-vaccination induced immune imprinting. Boosted vaccination type and comorbidities were the significant factors associated with antibody responses. Updated vaccines based on emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants are needed to control the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Liu
- Institute of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Yu-Min Liang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ti Liu
- Institute of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Li-Bo Li
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Wen-Guo Jiang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Jin-Jin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Chen-Long Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-Gui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Zeng-Qiang Kou
- Institute of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Guo-Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Qun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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23
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Chen M, Wu G, Lu Y, Sun S, Yu Z, Pan X, Chen W, Xu H, Qiu H, He W, Li X, Wang X, Luo Y, Du Y, Wu J, Wei K, Zhang W, Liu Z, He Z. A p21-ATD mouse model for monitoring and eliminating senescent cells and its application in liver regeneration post injury. Mol Ther 2024:S1525-0016(24)00218-1. [PMID: 38582962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence associates with pathological aging and tissue dysfunctions. Studies utilizing mouse models for cell lineage tracings have emphasized the importance of senescence heterogeneity in different organs and cell types. Here, we constructed a p21- (Akaluc - tdTomato - Diphtheria Toxin Receptor [DTR]) (ATD) mouse model to specifically study the undefined mechanism for p21-expressing senescent cells in the aged and liver injury animals. The successful expressions of these genes enabled in vitro flow cytometric sorting, in vivo tracing, and elimination of p21-expressing senescent cells. During the natural aging process, p21-expressing cells were found in various tissues of p21-ATD mice. Eliminating p21-expressing cells in the aged p21-ATD mice recovered their multiple biological functions. p21-ATD/Fah-/- mice, bred from p21-ATD mice and fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (Fah)-/- mice of liver injury, showed that the majority of their senescent hepatocytes were the phenotype of p21+ rather than p16+. Furthermore, eliminating the p21-expressing hepatocytes significantly promoted the engraftment of grafted hepatocytes and facilitated liver repopulation, resulting in significant recovery from liver injury. Our p21-ATD mouse model serves as an optimal model for studying the pattern and function of p21-expressing senescent cells under the physical and pathological conditions during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Chen
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200335, P.R. China; Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China
| | - Guoxiu Wu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200335, P.R. China; Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China
| | - Yanli Lu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200335, P.R. China; Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China
| | - Shiwen Sun
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200335, P.R. China; Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Yu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200335, P.R. China; Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China
| | - Xin Pan
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200335, P.R. China; Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China
| | - Wenjian Chen
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200335, P.R. China; Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Xu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200335, P.R. China; Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China
| | - Hua Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, P.R. China
| | - Weizhi He
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200335, P.R. China; Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China
| | - Xiuhua Li
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200335, P.R. China; Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China
| | - Xicheng Wang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200335, P.R. China; Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Yi Luo
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200335, P.R. China; Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Du
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jialing Wu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200335, P.R. China; Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China
| | - Ke Wei
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200335, P.R. China; Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China; Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China; Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Zhiying He
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200335, P.R. China; Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China.
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24
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Barouch SE, Chicz TM, Blanc R, Barbati DR, Parker LJ, Tong X, Li W, McNamara RP. Concurrent Administration of COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccines Enhances Spike-Specific Antibody Responses. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofae144. [PMID: 38567194 PMCID: PMC10986856 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The bivalent COVID-19 mRNA boosters became available in fall 2022 and were recommended alongside the seasonal influenza vaccine. However, the immunogenicity of concurrent vs separate administration of these vaccines remains unclear. Methods Here, we analyzed antibody responses in health care workers who received the bivalent COVID-19 booster and the influenza vaccine on the same day or on different days through systems serology. Antibody-binding and functional responses were characterized at peak responses and after 6 months following vaccination. Results IgG1 and neutralization responses to SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.5 were higher at peak and after 6 months following concurrent administration as compared with separate administration of the COVID-19 and influenza vaccines. While similar results were not observed for influenza responses, no interference was noted with concurrent administration. Conclusions These data suggest that concurrent administration of these vaccines may yield higher and more durable SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody responses while maintaining responses against influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna E Barouch
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Taras M Chicz
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ross Blanc
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Domenic R Barbati
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lily J Parker
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xin Tong
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Public Health, Center for Health Statistics and Biostatistics, University of Massachusetts at Lowell. Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryan P McNamara
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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25
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Ross JB, Myers LM, Noh JJ, Collins MM, Carmody AB, Messer RJ, Dhuey E, Hasenkrug KJ, Weissman IL. Depleting myeloid-biased haematopoietic stem cells rejuvenates aged immunity. Nature 2024; 628:162-170. [PMID: 38538791 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07238-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Ageing of the immune system is characterized by decreased lymphopoiesis and adaptive immunity, and increased inflammation and myeloid pathologies1,2. Age-related changes in populations of self-renewing haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are thought to underlie these phenomena3. During youth, HSCs with balanced output of lymphoid and myeloid cells (bal-HSCs) predominate over HSCs with myeloid-biased output (my-HSCs), thereby promoting the lymphopoiesis required for initiating adaptive immune responses, while limiting the production of myeloid cells, which can be pro-inflammatory4. Ageing is associated with increased proportions of my-HSCs, resulting in decreased lymphopoiesis and increased myelopoiesis3,5,6. Transfer of bal-HSCs results in abundant lymphoid and myeloid cells, a stable phenotype that is retained after secondary transfer; my-HSCs also retain their patterns of production after secondary transfer5. The origin and potential interconversion of these two subsets is still unclear. If they are separate subsets postnatally, it might be possible to reverse the ageing phenotype by eliminating my-HSCs in aged mice. Here we demonstrate that antibody-mediated depletion of my-HSCs in aged mice restores characteristic features of a more youthful immune system, including increasing common lymphocyte progenitors, naive T cells and B cells, while decreasing age-related markers of immune decline. Depletion of my-HSCs in aged mice improves primary and secondary adaptive immune responses to viral infection. These findings may have relevance to the understanding and intervention of diseases exacerbated or caused by dominance of the haematopoietic system by my-HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason B Ross
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lara M Myers
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Joseph J Noh
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Madison M Collins
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
- Department of Biological and Physical Sciences, Montana State University Billings, Billings, MT, USA
| | - Aaron B Carmody
- Research Technologies Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Ronald J Messer
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Erica Dhuey
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kim J Hasenkrug
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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26
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Boston RH, Guan R, Kalmar L, Beier S, Horner EC, Beristain-Covarrubias N, Yam-Puc JC, Pereyra Gerber P, Faria L, Kuroshchenkova A, Lindell AE, Blasche S, Correa-Noguera A, Elmer A, Saunders C, Bermperi A, Jose S, Kingston N, Grigoriadou S, Staples E, Buckland MS, Lear S, Matheson NJ, Benes V, Parkinson C, Thaventhiran JE, Patil KR. Stability of gut microbiome after COVID-19 vaccination in healthy and immuno-compromised individuals. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302529. [PMID: 38316462 PMCID: PMC10844540 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Bidirectional interactions between the immune system and the gut microbiota are key contributors to various physiological functions. Immune-associated diseases such as cancer and autoimmunity, and efficacy of immunomodulatory therapies, have been linked to microbiome variation. Although COVID-19 infection has been shown to cause microbial dysbiosis, it remains understudied whether the inflammatory response associated with vaccination also impacts the microbiota. Here, we investigate the temporal impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the gut microbiome in healthy and immuno-compromised individuals; the latter included patients with primary immunodeficiency and cancer patients on immunomodulating therapies. We find that the gut microbiome remained remarkably stable post-vaccination irrespective of diverse immune status, vaccine response, and microbial composition spanned by the cohort. The stability is evident at all evaluated levels including diversity, phylum, species, and functional capacity. Our results indicate the resilience of the gut microbiome to host immune changes triggered by COVID-19 vaccination and suggest minimal, if any, impact on microbiome-mediated processes. These findings encourage vaccine acceptance, particularly when contrasted with the significant microbiome shifts observed during COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca H Boston
- https://ror.org/013meh722 Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rui Guan
- https://ror.org/013meh722 Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lajos Kalmar
- https://ror.org/013meh722 Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sina Beier
- https://ror.org/013meh722 Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily C Horner
- https://ror.org/013meh722 Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Juan Carlos Yam-Puc
- https://ror.org/013meh722 Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pehuén Pereyra Gerber
- https://ror.org/013meh722 Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- https://ror.org/013meh722 Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luisa Faria
- https://ror.org/013meh722 Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna Kuroshchenkova
- https://ror.org/013meh722 Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna E Lindell
- https://ror.org/013meh722 Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sonja Blasche
- https://ror.org/013meh722 Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrea Correa-Noguera
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Cambridge University NHS Hospitals Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne Elmer
- NIHR Cambridge Clinical Research Facility, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Areti Bermperi
- NIHR Cambridge Clinical Research Facility, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sherly Jose
- NIHR Cambridge Clinical Research Facility, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nathalie Kingston
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Emily Staples
- https://ror.org/013meh722 Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew S Buckland
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Barts Health, London, UK
- UCL GOSH Institute of Child Health Division of Infection and Immunity, Section of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, London, UK
| | - Sara Lear
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Cambridge University NHS Hospitals Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas J Matheson
- https://ror.org/013meh722 Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- https://ror.org/013meh722 Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vladimir Benes
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Parkinson
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Cambridge University NHS Hospitals Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Ed Thaventhiran
- https://ror.org/013meh722 Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Cambridge University NHS Hospitals Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kiran R Patil
- https://ror.org/013meh722 Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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27
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Shurtleff VW, Layton ME, Parish CA, Perkins JJ, Schreier JD, Wang Y, Adam GC, Alvarez N, Bahmanjah S, Bahnck-Teets CM, Boyce CW, Burlein C, Cabalu TD, Campbell BT, Carroll SS, Chang W, de Lera Ruiz M, Dolgov E, Fay JF, Fox NG, Goh SL, Hartingh TJ, Hurzy DM, Kelly MJ, Klein DJ, Klingler FM, Krishnamurthy H, Kudalkar S, Mayhood TW, McKenna PM, Murray EM, Nahas D, Nawrat CC, Park S, Qian D, Roecker AJ, Sharma V, Shipe WD, Su J, Taggart RV, Truong Q, Wu Y, Zhou X, Zhuang N, Perlin DS, Olsen DB, Howe JA, McCauley JA. Invention of MK-7845, a SARS-CoV-2 3CL Protease Inhibitor Employing a Novel Difluorinated Glutamine Mimic. J Med Chem 2024; 67:3935-3958. [PMID: 38365209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
As SARS-CoV-2 continues to circulate, antiviral treatments are needed to complement vaccines. The virus's main protease, 3CLPro, is an attractive drug target in part because it recognizes a unique cleavage site, which features a glutamine residue at the P1 position and is not utilized by human proteases. Herein, we report the invention of MK-7845, a novel reversible covalent 3CLPro inhibitor. While most covalent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CLPro reported to date contain an amide as a Gln mimic at P1, MK-7845 bears a difluorobutyl substituent at this position. SAR analysis and X-ray crystallographic studies indicate that this group interacts with His163, the same residue that forms a hydrogen bond with the amide substituents typically found at P1. In addition to promising in vivo efficacy and an acceptable projected human dose with unboosted pharmacokinetics, MK-7845 exhibits favorable properties for both solubility and absorption that may be attributable to the unusual difluorobutyl substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark E Layton
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Craig A Parish
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - James J Perkins
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - John D Schreier
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Yunyi Wang
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Gregory C Adam
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Nadine Alvarez
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Tamara D Cabalu
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Brian T Campbell
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Steven S Carroll
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Wonsuk Chang
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | | | - Enriko Dolgov
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - John F Fay
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Nicholas G Fox
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Shih Lin Goh
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | | | - Danielle M Hurzy
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Michael J Kelly
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Daniel J Klein
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | | | | | - Shalley Kudalkar
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Todd W Mayhood
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Philip M McKenna
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Edward M Murray
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Debbie Nahas
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | | | - Steven Park
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | | | | | - Vijeta Sharma
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - William D Shipe
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Jing Su
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Robert V Taggart
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Quang Truong
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yin Wu
- Viva Biotech Ltd., Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | | | - David S Perlin
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - David B Olsen
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - John A Howe
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - John A McCauley
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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Lavell AHA, Schramade AE, Sikkens JJ, van der Straten K, van Dort KA, Slim MA, Appelman B, van Vught LA, Vlaar APJ, Kootstra NA, van Gils MJ, Smulders YM, de Jongh RT, Bomers MK. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D concentrations do not affect the humoral or cellular immune response following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinations. Vaccine 2024; 42:1478-1486. [PMID: 37775466 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To improve effectiveness of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, it is important to identify factors that influence the immune response induced by vaccination. Evidence for the role of vitamin D in immune response against SARS-CoV-2 is contradictory. It is therefore of interest whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations affect the humoral and/or cellular response following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, blood samples were collected from 98 SARS-CoV-2 naive health care workers (HCW) receiving the first two doses of either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 in 2021. Wild-type spike (S) protein binding and neutralizing antibodies were determined approximately three weeks after the first dose and four to five weeks after the second dose. Antigen specific T-cells and functionality (proliferative response and interferon gamma [IFN-γ] release) were determined in 18 participants four weeks after the second dose of BNT162b2. We studied the association between 25(OH)D concentrations, which were determined prior to vaccination, and humoral and cellular immune responses following vaccination. RESULTS We found no association between 25(OH)D concentrations (median 55.9 nmol/L [IQR 40.5-69.8]) and binding or neutralizing antibody titers after complete vaccination (fold change of antibody titers per 10 nmol/L 25(OH)D increase: 0.98 [95% CI 0.93-1.04] and 1.03 [95% CI: 0.96-1.11], respectively), adjusted for age, sex and type of mRNA vaccine. Subsequently, continuous 25(OH)D concentrations were divided into commonly used clinical categories (<25 nmol/L [n = 6, 6%], 25-49 nmol/L [n = 33, 34%], 50-75 nmol/L [n = 37, 38%] and ≥75 nmol/L [n = 22, 22%]), but no association with the humoral immune response following vaccination was found. Also, 25(OH)D concentrations were not associated with the SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell response. CONCLUSION No association was found between 25(OH)D concentrations and the humoral or cellular immune response following mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Based on our findings there is no rationale to advise vitamin D optimization preceding SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in HCW with moderate vitamin D status.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H A Lavell
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A E Schramade
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J J Sikkens
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - K van der Straten
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - K A van Dort
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - M A Slim
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Intensive Care, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - B Appelman
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - L A van Vught
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Intensive Care, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A P J Vlaar
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Intensive Care, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - N A Kootstra
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - M J van Gils
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Y M Smulders
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R T de Jongh
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M K Bomers
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Kumwichar P, Poonsiri C, Botwright S, Sirichumroonwit N, Loharjun B, Thawillarp S, Cheewaruangroj N, Chokchaisiripakdee A, Teerawattananon Y, Chongsuvivatwong V. Durability of the Effectiveness of Heterologous COVID-19 Vaccine Regimens in Thailand: Retrospective Cohort Study Using National Registration Data. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e48255. [PMID: 38441923 PMCID: PMC10951833 DOI: 10.2196/48255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The durability of heterologous COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) has been primarily studied in high-income countries, while evaluation of heterologous vaccine policies in low- and middle-income countries remains limited. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the duration during which the VE of heterologous COVID-19 vaccine regimens in mitigating serious outcomes, specifically severe COVID-19 and death following hospitalization with COVID-19, remains over 50%. METHODS We formed a dynamic cohort by linking records of Thai citizens aged ≥18 years from citizen vital, COVID-19 vaccine, and COVID-19 cases registry databases between May 2021 and July 2022. Encrypted citizen identification numbers were used to merge the data between the databases. This study focuses on 8 common heterologous vaccine sequences: CoronaVac/ChAdOx1, ChAdOx1/BNT162b2, CoronaVac/CoronaVac/ChAdOx1, CoronaVac/ChAdOx1/ChAdOx1, CoronaVac/ChAdOx1/BNT162b2, BBIBP-CorV/BBIBP-CorV/BNT162b2, ChAdOx1/ChAdOx1/BNT162b2, and ChAdOx1/ChAdOx1/mRNA-1273. Nonimmunized individuals were considered for comparisons. The cohort was stratified according to the vaccination status, age, sex, province location, month of vaccination, and outcome. Data analysis employed logistic regression to determine the VE, accounting for potential confounders and durability over time, with data observed over a follow-up period of 7 months. RESULTS This study includes 52,580,841 individuals, with approximately 17,907,215 and 17,190,975 receiving 2- and 3-dose common heterologous vaccines (not mutually exclusive), respectively. The 2-dose heterologous vaccinations offered approximately 50% VE against severe COVID-19 and death following hospitalization with COVID-19 for 2 months; however, the protection significantly declined over time. The 3-dose heterologous vaccinations sustained over 50% VE against both outcomes for at least 8 months, as determined by logistic regression with durability time-interaction modeling. The vaccine sequence consisting of CoronaVac/CoronaVac/ChAdOx1 demonstrated >80% VE against both outcomes, with no evidence of VE waning. The final monthly measured VE of CoronaVac/CoronaVac/ChAdOx1 against severe COVID-19 and death following hospitalization at 7 months after the last dose was 82% (95% CI 80.3%-84%) and 86.3% (95% CI 83.6%-84%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS In Thailand, within a 7-month observation period, the 2-dose regimens could not maintain a 50% VE against severe and fatal COVID-19 for over 2 months, but all of the 3-dose regimens did. The CoronaVac/CoronaVac/ChAdOx1 regimen showed the best protective effect against severe and fatal COVID-19. The estimated durability of 50% VE for at least 8 months across all 3-dose heterologous COVID-19 vaccine regimens supports the adoption of heterologous prime-boost vaccination strategies, with a primary series of inactivated virus vaccine and boosting with either a viral vector or an mRNA vaccine, to prevent similar pandemics in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponlagrit Kumwichar
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Chittawan Poonsiri
- Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Siobhan Botwright
- Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Natchalaikorn Sirichumroonwit
- Department of Medical Services, Institute of Medical Research and Technology Assessment, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Bootsakorn Loharjun
- Department of Medical Services, Institute of Medical Research and Technology Assessment, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Yot Teerawattananon
- Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
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Xiao J, Luo Y, Li Y, Yao X. The characteristics of BCR-CDR3 repertoire in COVID-19 patients and SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated volunteers. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29488. [PMID: 38415507 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The global COVID-19 pandemic has caused more than 1 billion infections, and numerous SARS-CoV-2 vaccines developed rapidly have been administered over 10 billion doses. The world is continuously concerned about the cytokine storms induced by the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and host, long COVID, breakthrough infections postvaccination, and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants. BCR-CDR3 repertoire serves as a molecular target for monitoring the antiviral response "trace" of B cells, evaluating the effects, mechanisms, and memory abilities of individual responses to B cells, and has been successfully applied in analyzing the infection mechanisms, vaccine improvement, and neutralizing antibodies preparation of influenza virus, HIV, MERS, and Ebola virus. Based on research on BCR-CDR3 repertoire of COVID-19 patients and volunteers who received different SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in multiple laboratories worldwide, we focus on analyzing the characteristics and changes of BCR-CDR3 repertoire, such as diversity, clonality, V&J genes usage and pairing, SHM, CSR, shared CDR3 clones, as well as the summary on BCR sequences targeting virus-specific epitopes in the preparation and application research of SARS-CoV-2 potential therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. This review provides comparative data and new research schemes for studying the possible mechanisms of differences in B cell response between SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination, and supplies a foundation for improving vaccines after SARS-CoV-2 mutations and potential antibody therapy for infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Xiao
- Department of Immunology, Center of Immunomolecular Engineering, Innovation & Practice Base for Graduate Students Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Fushun People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Immunology, Center of Immunomolecular Engineering, Innovation & Practice Base for Graduate Students Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Department of Immunology, Center of Immunomolecular Engineering, Innovation & Practice Base for Graduate Students Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- Department of Immunology, Center of Immunomolecular Engineering, Innovation & Practice Base for Graduate Students Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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Faraone JN, Wang X, Qu P, Zheng YM, Vincent E, Xu H, Liu SL. Neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 bivalent mRNA vaccine in SIV-infected rhesus macaques: Enhanced immunity to XBB subvariants by two-dose vaccination. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29520. [PMID: 38528837 PMCID: PMC10987079 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 paired with immune imprinting by prototype messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine has challenged the current vaccination efficacy against newly emerged Omicron subvariants. In our study, we investigated a cohort of macaques infected by SIV and vaccinated with two doses of bivalent Pfizer mRNA vaccine containing wildtype and BA.5 spikes. Using a pseudotyped lentivirus neutralization assay, we determined neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers against new XBB variants, i.e., XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16, and XBB.2.3, alongside D614G and BA.4/5. We found that compared to humans vaccinated with three doses of monovalent mRNA vaccine plus a bivalent booster, the monkeys vaccinated with two doses of bivalent mRNA vaccines exhibited relatively increased titers against XBB subvariants. Of note, SIV-positive dam macaques had reduced nAb titers relative to SIV-negative dams. Additionally, SIV positive dams that received antiretroviral therapy had lower nAb titers than untreated dams. Our study underscores the importance of reformulating the COVID-19 vaccine to better protect against newly emerged XBB subvariants as well as the need for further investigation of vaccine efficacy in individuals living with HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia N. Faraone
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiaolwei Wang
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Panke Qu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yi-Min Zheng
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eunice Vincent
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Huanbin Xu
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Chen H, Chen S, Liu L, Fang Y, Liang X, Liang D, Su L, Peng W, Zhou X, Luo J, Wang Z. Inactivated COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection among Chinese adults in the "living with COVID" era. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25803. [PMID: 38379961 PMCID: PMC10877243 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to examine the correlation between the status of inactivated COVID-19 vaccination and self-reported confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection among adults after China entered the "living with COVID" era. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among parents or guardians of students attending all 220 kindergartens and 105 primary or secondary schools in Longhua District of Shenzhen, China during March 1 to 9, 2023. The participating schools invited all parents or guardians of their students to complete the online survey. The study focused on a sub-sample of 68,584 participants who were either unvaccinated (n = 2152) or only receiving inactivated COVID-19 vaccination (n = 66,432). Logistic regression was employed for data analysis. Prior to the implementation of the "living with COVID" policy, 83.5% of the participants received three doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines; 63.0% reported being infected with the SARS-CoV-2 after the policy change. In a multivariate analysis, participants who had received a third dose within the past 6 months were less likely to be infected with SARS-CoV-2, as compared to those who had not completed the primary vaccination series (4-6 months: AOR: 0.84, 95%CI: 0.77, 0.92; ≤3 months: AOR: 0.82, 95%CI: 0.73, 0.92). Despite the high coverage, our results suggested that three doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines did not provide adequate protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection among Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbiao Chen
- Department Epidemiology and Infectious Disease Control, Longhua District Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518110, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Disease Control, Longgang District Nanwan Centre for Public Health, Shenzhen, 518100, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xue Liang
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dongmei Liang
- Department of Environmental and School Health Supervision, Baoan District Centre for Public Health, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Lixian Su
- Department of Child Healthcare, Shenzhen Futian District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, 518045, China
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department Epidemiology and Infectious Disease Control, Longhua District Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518110, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Department Epidemiology and Infectious Disease Control, Longhua District Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518110, China
| | - Jingwei Luo
- Department Epidemiology and Infectious Disease Control, Longhua District Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518110, China
| | - Zixin Wang
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, China
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Bohmwald K, Diethelm-Varela B, Rodríguez-Guilarte L, Rivera T, Riedel CA, González PA, Kalergis AM. Pathophysiological, immunological, and inflammatory features of long COVID. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1341600. [PMID: 38482000 PMCID: PMC10932978 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1341600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to cause severe global disruption, resulting in significant excess mortality, overwhelming healthcare systems, and imposing substantial social and economic burdens on nations. While most of the attention and therapeutic efforts have concentrated on the acute phase of the disease, a notable proportion of survivors experience persistent symptoms post-infection clearance. This diverse set of symptoms, loosely categorized as long COVID, presents a potential additional public health crisis. It is estimated that 1 in 5 COVID-19 survivors exhibit clinical manifestations consistent with long COVID. Despite this prevalence, the mechanisms and pathophysiology of long COVID remain poorly understood. Alarmingly, evidence suggests that a significant proportion of cases within this clinical condition develop debilitating or disabling symptoms. Hence, urgent priority should be given to further studies on this condition to equip global public health systems for its management. This review provides an overview of available information on this emerging clinical condition, focusing on the affected individuals' epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, and immunological and inflammatory profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bohmwald
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Benjamín Diethelm-Varela
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Linmar Rodríguez-Guilarte
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thomas Rivera
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A. Riedel
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A. González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Usai C, Ainsua-Enrich E, Gales VU, Pradenas E, Lorca-Oró C, Tarrés-Freixas F, Roca N, Pérez M, Ávila-Nieto C, Rodríguez de la Concepción ML, Pedreño-Lopez N, Carabelli J, Trinité B, Ballana E, Riveira-Muñoz E, Izquierdo-Useros N, Clotet B, Blanco J, Guallar V, Cantero G, Vergara-Alert J, Carrillo J, Segalés J. Immunisation efficacy of a stabilised SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein in two geriatric animal models. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:48. [PMID: 38413645 PMCID: PMC10899648 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00840-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Age is associated with reduced efficacy of vaccines and linked to higher risk of severe COVID-19. Here we determined the impact of ageing on the efficacy of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on a stabilised Spike glycoprotein (S-29) that had previously shown high efficacy in young animals. Thirteen to 18-month-old golden Syrian hamsters (GSH) and 22-23-month-old K18-hCAE2 mice were immunised twice with S-29 protein in AddaVaxTM adjuvant. GSH were intranasally inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 either two weeks or four months after the booster dose, while all K18-hACE2 mice were intranasally inoculated two weeks after the second immunisation. Body weight and clinical signs were recorded daily post-inoculation. Lesions and viral load were investigated in different target tissues. Immunisation induced seroconversion and production of neutralising antibodies; however, animals were only partially protected from weight loss. We observed a significant reduction in the amount of viral RNA and a faster viral protein clearance in the tissues of immunized animals. Infectious particles showed a faster decay in vaccinated animals while tissue lesion development was not altered. In GSH, the shortest interval between immunisation and inoculation reduced RNA levels in the lungs, while the longest interval was equally effective in reducing RNA in nasal turbinates; viral nucleoprotein amount decreased in both tissues. In mice, immunisation was able to improve the survival of infected animals. Despite the high protection shown in young animals, S-29 efficacy was reduced in the geriatric population. Our research highlights the importance of testing vaccine efficacy in older animals as part of preclinical vaccine evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Usai
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, CReSA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Cristina Lorca-Oró
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, CReSA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ferran Tarrés-Freixas
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, CReSA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Núria Roca
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, CReSA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mónica Pérez
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, CReSA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nuria Izquierdo-Useros
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruit, Badalona, Spain
- CIBERINFEC. ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
- CIBERINFEC. ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic - UCC), Vic, Catalonia, Spain
- Fundació Lluita contra les Infeccions, Badalona, Spain
| | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruit, Badalona, Spain
- CIBERINFEC. ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic - UCC), Vic, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Victor Guallar
- Life Science Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Cantero
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, CReSA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Júlia Vergara-Alert
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, CReSA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jorge Carrillo
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruit, Badalona, Spain.
- CIBERINFEC. ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain.
- Department de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Krishna BA, Lim EY, Metaxaki M, Jackson S, Mactavous L, Lyons PA, Doffinger R, Bradley JR, Smith KGC, Sinclair J, Matheson NJ, Lehner PJ, Sithole N, Wills MR. Spontaneous, persistent, T cell-dependent IFN-γ release in patients who progress to Long Covid. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi9379. [PMID: 38381822 PMCID: PMC10881041 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi9379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
After acute infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a proportion of patients experience persistent symptoms beyond 12 weeks, termed Long Covid. Understanding the mechanisms that cause this debilitating disease and identifying biomarkers for diagnostic, therapeutic, and monitoring purposes are urgently required. We detected persistently high levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with Long Covid using highly sensitive FluoroSpot assays. This IFN-γ release was seen in the absence of ex vivo peptide stimulation and remains persistently elevated in patients with Long Covid, unlike the resolution seen in patients recovering from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. The IFN-γ release was CD8+ T cell-mediated and dependent on antigen presentation by CD14+ cells. Longitudinal follow-up of our study cohort showed that symptom improvement and resolution correlated with a decrease in IFN-γ production to baseline levels. Our study highlights a potential mechanism underlying Long Covid, enabling the search for biomarkers and therapeutics in patients with Long Covid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Krishna
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Eleanor Y. Lim
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Marina Metaxaki
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Sarah Jackson
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Lenette Mactavous
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - NIHR BioResource
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Paul A. Lyons
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Rainer Doffinger
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - John R. Bradley
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Renal Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Kenneth G. C. Smith
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - John Sinclair
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nicholas J. Matheson
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Paul J. Lehner
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nyaradzai Sithole
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Mark R. Wills
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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Hu C, Hu W, Tang B, Bao Q, Jiang X, Tang L, Wang H, He L, Lv M, Xiao Y, Liu C, Li X, Liu Y, Li J, Huang G, Dong Z, Li Z, Guo T, Yang S. Plasma and urine proteomics and gut microbiota analysis reveal potential factors affecting COVID-19 vaccination response. iScience 2024; 27:108851. [PMID: 38318387 PMCID: PMC10838952 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination relies on the induction of neutralizing antibodies, which can vary among vaccine recipients. In this study, we investigated the potential factors affecting the neutralizing antibody response by combining plasma and urine proteomics and gut microbiota analysis. We found that activation of the LXR/FXR pathway in plasma was associated with the production of ACE2-RBD-inhibiting antibodies, while urine proteins related to complement system, acute phase response signaling, LXR/FXR, and STAT3 pathways were correlated with neutralizing antibody production. Moreover, we observed a correlation between the gut microbiota and plasma and urine proteins, as well as the vaccination response. Based on the above data, we built a predictive model for vaccination response (AUC = 0.85). Our study provides insights into characteristic plasma and urine proteins and gut microbiota associated with the ACE2-RBD-inhibiting antibodies, which could benefit our understanding of the host response to COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
- iMarkerlab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang, China
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weichao Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
- iMarkerlab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang, China
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Qiyu Bao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - He Wang
- iMarkerlab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang, China
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijiao He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Moyang Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Yufeng Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xinzhe Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Yunyi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Guiping Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- iMarkerlab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang, China
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongjun Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Tiannan Guo
- iMarkerlab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang, China
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
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Rohit A, DSouza C, Kumar S, Ct M, V V, Perumal S, Philip M, George R, Karunasagar I. IgG responses against SARS-CoV-2 vaccines AZD1222 and BBV-152 and breakthrough infections among health care workers in southern India. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25528. [PMID: 38327428 PMCID: PMC10847638 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
IgG antibodies elicited in response to SARS-CoV-2 are critical in determining the protection achieved through vaccination. The present longitudinal study aims to assess the immune response generated through AZD1222 & BBV-152 vaccination among health care workers (HCWs) in a selected hospital. Serum IgG levels were measured approximately at 1.5 months and 6 months after the first and second vaccination. The final assessment was done 12 months after the first vaccination to analyse the sustained antibody levels. Results showed a progressive increase in antibody titres as a function of time. 26 HCWs in all had SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection, but their antibody titres were not significantly higher compared to COVID-19 naïve individuals. However, a comparative analysis showed considerably higher antibody titre in those who received the AZD1222 vaccine among this cohort. AZD1222 vaccination was significantly associated with seropositivity in the first and second assessments. Female HCWs showed significantly higher seropositivity, and participants above 60 years showed considerably reduced antibody titre in the first assessment. However, the final assessment showed no association with these variables, with 97.1 % of participants reporting to be seropositive. The results indicate good antibody response and potential protection against SARS CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Rohit
- Madras Medical Mission, 4-A, Dr, Mogappair, Chennai 600037, India
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), University Enclave, Medical Sciences Complex, Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, India
| | - Caroline DSouza
- Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Madras Medical Mission, 4-A, Dr, Mogappair, Chennai 600037, India
| | - Meenachi Ct
- Madras Medical Mission, 4-A, Dr, Mogappair, Chennai 600037, India
| | - Vinothini V
- Madras Medical Mission, 4-A, Dr, Mogappair, Chennai 600037, India
| | - Siva Perumal
- Madras Medical Mission, 4-A, Dr, Mogappair, Chennai 600037, India
| | - M. Philip
- Madras Medical Mission, 4-A, Dr, Mogappair, Chennai 600037, India
| | - Raju George
- Madras Medical Mission, 4-A, Dr, Mogappair, Chennai 600037, India
| | - Iddya Karunasagar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), University Enclave, Medical Sciences Complex, Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, India
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Wang Z, Huang AS, Tang L, Wang J, Wang G. Microfluidic-assisted single-cell RNA sequencing facilitates the development of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:642-657. [PMID: 38165771 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00749a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
As a class of antibodies that specifically bind to a virus and block its entry, neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (neutralizing mAbs) have been recognized as a top choice for combating COVID-19 due to their high specificity and efficacy in treating serious infections. Although conventional approaches for neutralizing mAb development have been optimized for decades, there is an urgent need for workflows with higher efficiency due to time-sensitive concerns, including the high mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2. One promising approach is the identification of neutralizing mAb candidates via single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), as each B cell has a unique transcript sequence corresponding to its secreted antibody. The state-of-the-art high-throughput single-cell sequencing technologies, which have been greatly facilitated by advances in microfluidics, have greatly accelerated the process of neutralizing mAb development. Here, we provide an overview of the general procedures for high-throughput single-cell RNA-seq enabled by breakthroughs in droplet microfluidics, introduce revolutionary approaches that combine single-cell RNA-seq to facilitate the development of neutralizing mAbs against SARS-CoV-2, and outline future steps that need to be taken to further improve development strategies for effective treatments against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Amelia Siqi Huang
- Dalton Academy, The Affiliated High School of Peking University, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lingfang Tang
- Dalton Academy, The Affiliated High School of Peking University, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jianbin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guanbo Wang
- Institute for Cell Analysis, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China.
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Ben Khlil AA, Zamali I, Belloumi D, Gdoura M, Kharroubi G, Marzouki S, Dachraoui R, Ben Yaiche I, Bchiri S, Hamdi W, Gharbi M, Ben Hmid A, Samoud S, Galai Y, Torjmane L, Ladeb S, Bettaieb J, Triki H, Ben Abdeljelil N, Ben Othman T, Ben Ahmed M. Immunogenicity and Tolerance of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:174. [PMID: 38400157 PMCID: PMC10892348 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) induces acquired immunodeficiency, potentially altering vaccine response. Herein, we aimed to explore the clinical tolerance and the humoral and cellular immune responses following anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in ASCT recipients. METHODS A prospective, non-randomized, controlled study that involved 43 ASCT subjects and 31 healthy controls. Humoral response was investigated using the Elecsys® test anti-SARS-CoV-2. Cellular response was assessed using the QFN® SARS-CoV-2 test. The lymphocyte cytokine profile was tested using the LEGENDplex™ HU Th Cytokine Panel Kit (12-plex). RESULTS Adverse effects (AE) were observed in 69% of patients, encompassing pain at the injection site, fever, asthenia, or headaches. Controls presented more side effects like pain in the injection site and asthenia with no difference in the overall AE frequency. Both groups exhibited robust humoral and cellular responses. Only the vaccine transplant delay impacted the humoral response alongside a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Noteworthily, controls displayed a Th1 cytokine profile, while patients showed a mixed Th1/Th2 profile. CONCLUSIONS Pfizer-BioNTech® anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is well tolerated in ASCT patients, inducing robust humoral and cellular responses. Further exploration is warranted to understand the impact of a mixed cytokine profile in ASCT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Amine Ben Khlil
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (A.A.B.K.); (I.Z.); (W.H.); (A.B.H.); (S.S.); (Y.G.)
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (D.B.); (G.K.); (R.D.); (I.B.Y.); (L.T.); (S.L.); (J.B.); (H.T.); (N.B.A.); (T.B.O.)
| | - Imen Zamali
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (A.A.B.K.); (I.Z.); (W.H.); (A.B.H.); (S.S.); (Y.G.)
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (D.B.); (G.K.); (R.D.); (I.B.Y.); (L.T.); (S.L.); (J.B.); (H.T.); (N.B.A.); (T.B.O.)
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR16IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Dorra Belloumi
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (D.B.); (G.K.); (R.D.); (I.B.Y.); (L.T.); (S.L.); (J.B.); (H.T.); (N.B.A.); (T.B.O.)
- Department of Hematology and Transplant, Centre National de Greffe de Moelle Osseuse, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Gdoura
- Laboratory of Virology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (M.G.); (M.G.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Ghassen Kharroubi
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (D.B.); (G.K.); (R.D.); (I.B.Y.); (L.T.); (S.L.); (J.B.); (H.T.); (N.B.A.); (T.B.O.)
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR16IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.M.); (S.B.)
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Marzouki
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR16IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Rym Dachraoui
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (D.B.); (G.K.); (R.D.); (I.B.Y.); (L.T.); (S.L.); (J.B.); (H.T.); (N.B.A.); (T.B.O.)
- Department of Hematology and Transplant, Centre National de Greffe de Moelle Osseuse, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Insaf Ben Yaiche
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (D.B.); (G.K.); (R.D.); (I.B.Y.); (L.T.); (S.L.); (J.B.); (H.T.); (N.B.A.); (T.B.O.)
- Department of Hematology and Transplant, Centre National de Greffe de Moelle Osseuse, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Bchiri
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR16IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Walid Hamdi
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (A.A.B.K.); (I.Z.); (W.H.); (A.B.H.); (S.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Manel Gharbi
- Laboratory of Virology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (M.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Ahlem Ben Hmid
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (A.A.B.K.); (I.Z.); (W.H.); (A.B.H.); (S.S.); (Y.G.)
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (D.B.); (G.K.); (R.D.); (I.B.Y.); (L.T.); (S.L.); (J.B.); (H.T.); (N.B.A.); (T.B.O.)
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR16IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Samar Samoud
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (A.A.B.K.); (I.Z.); (W.H.); (A.B.H.); (S.S.); (Y.G.)
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR16IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Yousr Galai
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (A.A.B.K.); (I.Z.); (W.H.); (A.B.H.); (S.S.); (Y.G.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Lamia Torjmane
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (D.B.); (G.K.); (R.D.); (I.B.Y.); (L.T.); (S.L.); (J.B.); (H.T.); (N.B.A.); (T.B.O.)
- Department of Hematology and Transplant, Centre National de Greffe de Moelle Osseuse, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Saloua Ladeb
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (D.B.); (G.K.); (R.D.); (I.B.Y.); (L.T.); (S.L.); (J.B.); (H.T.); (N.B.A.); (T.B.O.)
- Department of Hematology and Transplant, Centre National de Greffe de Moelle Osseuse, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Jihene Bettaieb
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (D.B.); (G.K.); (R.D.); (I.B.Y.); (L.T.); (S.L.); (J.B.); (H.T.); (N.B.A.); (T.B.O.)
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR16IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.M.); (S.B.)
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Henda Triki
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (D.B.); (G.K.); (R.D.); (I.B.Y.); (L.T.); (S.L.); (J.B.); (H.T.); (N.B.A.); (T.B.O.)
- Laboratory of Virology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (M.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Nour Ben Abdeljelil
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (D.B.); (G.K.); (R.D.); (I.B.Y.); (L.T.); (S.L.); (J.B.); (H.T.); (N.B.A.); (T.B.O.)
- Department of Hematology and Transplant, Centre National de Greffe de Moelle Osseuse, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Tarek Ben Othman
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (D.B.); (G.K.); (R.D.); (I.B.Y.); (L.T.); (S.L.); (J.B.); (H.T.); (N.B.A.); (T.B.O.)
- Department of Hematology and Transplant, Centre National de Greffe de Moelle Osseuse, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Melika Ben Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (A.A.B.K.); (I.Z.); (W.H.); (A.B.H.); (S.S.); (Y.G.)
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (D.B.); (G.K.); (R.D.); (I.B.Y.); (L.T.); (S.L.); (J.B.); (H.T.); (N.B.A.); (T.B.O.)
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR16IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.M.); (S.B.)
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Kim E, Khan MS, Ferrari A, Huang S, Kenniston TW, Cassaniti I, Baldanti F, Gambotto A. Second Boost of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 S1 Subunit Vaccine Induced Broad Humoral Immune Responses in Elderly Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.05.578925. [PMID: 38370806 PMCID: PMC10871204 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.05.578925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Currently approved COVID-19 vaccines prevent symptomatic infection, hospitalization, and death from the disease. However, repeated homologous boosters, while considered a solution for severe forms of the disease caused by new SARS-CoV-2 variants in elderly individuals and immunocompromised patients, cannot provide complete protection against breakthrough infections. This highlights the need for alternative platforms for booster vaccines. In our previous study, we assessed the boost effect of the SARS-CoV-2 Beta S1 recombinant protein subunit vaccine (rS1Beta) in aged mice primed with an adenovirus-based vaccine expressing SARS-CoV-2-S1 (Ad5.S1) via subcutaneous injection or intranasal delivery, which induced robust humoral immune responses (1). In this follow-up study, we demonstrated that a second booster dose of a non-adjuvanted recombinant Omicron (BA.1) S1 subunit vaccine with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist RS09 (rS1RS09OM) was effective in stimulating strong S1-specific immune responses and inducing significantly high neutralizing antibodies against the Wuhan, Delta, and Omicron variants in 100-week-old mice. Importantly, the second booster dose elicits cross-reactive antibody responses, resulting in ACE2 binding inhibition against the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron (BA.1) and its subvariants. Interestingly, the levels of IgG and neutralizing antibodies correlated with the level of ACE2 inhibition in the booster serum samples, although Omicron S1-specific IgG level showed a weaker correlation compared to Wuhan S1-specific IgG level. Furthermore, we compared the immunogenic properties of the rS1 subunit vaccine in young, middle-aged, and elderly mice, resulting in reduced immunogenicity with age, especially an impaired Th1-biased immune response in aged mice. Our findings demonstrate that the new variant of concern (VOC) rS1 subunit vaccine as a second booster has the potential to offer cross-neutralization against a broad range of variants and to improve vaccine effectiveness against newly emerging breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 variants in elderly individuals who were previously primed with the authorized vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, PA 15213, USA
| | - Muhammad S. Khan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alessandro Ferrari
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Shaohua Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, PA 15213, USA
| | - Thomas W. Kenniston
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, PA 15213, USA
| | - Irene Cassaniti
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fausto Baldanti
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambotto
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Ellis S, Way R, Nel M, Burleigh A, Doykov I, Kembou-Ringert J, Woodall M, Masonou T, Case KM, Ortez AT, McHugh TD, Casal A, McCoy LE, Murdan S, Hynds RE, Gilmour KC, Grandjean L, Cortina-Borja M, Heywood WE, Mills K, Smith CM. Salivary IgA and vimentin differentiate in vitro SARS-CoV-2 infection: A study of 290 convalescent COVID-19 patients. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:124-136. [PMID: 38007005 PMCID: PMC11139657 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 initially infects cells in the nasopharynx and oral cavity. The immune system at these mucosal sites plays a crucial role in minimizing viral transmission and infection. To develop new strategies for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection, this study aimed to identify proteins that protect against viral infection in saliva. We collected 551 saliva samples from 290 healthcare workers who had tested positive for COVID-19, before vaccination, between June and December 2020. The samples were categorized based on their ability to block or enhance infection using in vitro assays. Mass spectrometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay experiments were used to identify and measure the abundance of proteins that specifically bind to SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Immunoglobulin (Ig)A specific to SARS-CoV-2 antigens was detectable in over 83% of the convalescent saliva samples. We found that concentrations of anti-receptor-binding domain IgA >500 pg/µg total protein in saliva correlate with reduced viral infectivity in vitro. However, there is a dissociation between the salivary IgA response to SARS-CoV-2, and systemic IgG titers in convalescent COVID-19 patients. Then, using an innovative technique known as spike-baited mass spectrometry, we identified novel spike-binding proteins in saliva, most notably vimentin, which correlated with increased viral infectivity in vitro and could serve as a therapeutic target against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Ellis
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Rosie Way
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Miranda Nel
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Alice Burleigh
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ivan Doykov
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | | | - Tereza Masonou
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | | | - Timothy D McHugh
- UCL Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Antonio Casal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
| | - Laura E McCoy
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Robert E Hynds
- Epithelial Cell Biology in ENT Research (EpiCENTR) Group, Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Kimberly C Gilmour
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Louis Grandjean
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Wendy E Heywood
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Kevin Mills
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Claire M Smith
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
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Sievers BL, Cheng MTK, Csiba K, Meng B, Gupta RK. SARS-CoV-2 and innate immunity: the good, the bad, and the "goldilocks". Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:171-183. [PMID: 37985854 PMCID: PMC10805730 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01104-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An ancient conflict between hosts and pathogens has driven the innate and adaptive arms of immunity. Knowledge about this interplay can not only help us identify biological mechanisms but also reveal pathogen vulnerabilities that can be leveraged therapeutically. The humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection has been the focus of intense research, and the role of the innate immune system has received significantly less attention. Here, we review current knowledge of the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the various means SARS-CoV-2 employs to evade innate defense systems. We also consider the role of innate immunity in SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and in the phenomenon of long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark T K Cheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kata Csiba
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bo Meng
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Ravindra K Gupta
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Xie Y, Xia Y, Xu H, Wang J, Zhang W, Li L, Liu Z. Analysis of related factors of plasma antibody levels in patients with severe and critical COVID-19. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2581. [PMID: 38297067 PMCID: PMC10831068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52572-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to impact global public health. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become less virulent as it mutates, prompting China to ease restrictions at the end of 2022. With the complete reopening, a surge in COVID-19 cases has ensued. Therefore, we conducted a study to explore the correlation between plasma antibody levels and baseline conditions or clinical outcomes in severe and critical patients. We collected the basic information of 79 included patients. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests were performed on plasma samples. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG antibody level of the mild group was significantly higher than that of the severe/critical group (P = 0.00049). And in the severe/critical group, there existed an association between plasma antibody levels and age (P < 0.001, r = - 0.471), as well as plasma antibody levels and vaccination status (P = 0.00147, eta2 = 0.211). Besides, the level of plasma antibody seemed to be moderately correlated with the age, indicating the need for heightened attention to infections in the elderly. And plasma antibody levels were strongly associated with vaccination status in the severe/critical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudi Xie
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 26 Huacai Road, Longtan Industry Zone, Chenghua District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Transfusion Adverse Reactions, CAMS, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixia Xu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 26 Huacai Road, Longtan Industry Zone, Chenghua District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Transfusion Adverse Reactions, CAMS, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jue Wang
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 26 Huacai Road, Longtan Industry Zone, Chenghua District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Transfusion Adverse Reactions, CAMS, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, 82 Qinglong Street, Qingyang District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
- College of Public, Hygiene of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong Liu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 26 Huacai Road, Longtan Industry Zone, Chenghua District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
- College of Public, Hygiene of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
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Machado RRG, Candido ÉD, Aguiar AS, Chalup VN, Sanches PR, Dorlass EG, Amgarten DE, Pinho JRR, Durigon EL, Oliveira DBL. Immune Evasion of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16 and EG.5.1 in a Cohort of Older Adults after ChAdOx1-S Vaccination and BA.4/5 Bivalent Booster. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:144. [PMID: 38400128 PMCID: PMC10892985 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages, including the BA.2-derived XBB.1.5 (Kraken), XBB.1.16 (Arcturus), and EG.5.1 (Eris), have accumulated several spike mutations that may increase immune escape, affecting vaccine effectiveness. Older adults are an understudied group at significantly increased risk of severe COVID-19. Here we report the neutralizing activities of 177 sera samples from 59 older adults, aged 62-97 years, 1 and 4 months after vaccination with a 4th dose of ChAdOx1-S (Oxford/AstraZeneca) and 3 months after a 5th dose of Comirnaty Bivalent Original/Omicron BA.4/BA.5 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech). The ChAdOx1-S vaccination-induced antibodies neutralized efficiently the ancestral D614G and BA.4/5 variants, but to a much lesser extent the XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16, and EG.5.1 variants. The results showed similar neutralization titers between XBB.1.16 and EG.5.1 and were lower compared to XBB.1.5. Sera from the same individuals boosted with the bivalent mRNA vaccine contained higher neutralizing antibody titers, providing a better cross-protection against Omicron XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16 and EG.5.1 variants. Previous history of infection during the epidemiological waves of BA.1/BA.2 and BA.4/BA.5, poorly enhanced neutralization activity of serum samples against XBBs and EG.5.1 variants. Our data highlight the continued immune evasion of recent Omicron subvariants and support the booster administration of BA.4/5 bivalent vaccine, as a continuous strategy of updating future vaccine booster doses to match newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Rahal Guaragna Machado
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Érika Donizetti Candido
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Andressa Simoes Aguiar
- Dom Pedro II Geriatric and Convalescent Hospital, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo 02265-002, SP, Brazil
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Nascimento Chalup
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Romão Sanches
- Dom Pedro II Geriatric and Convalescent Hospital, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo 02265-002, SP, Brazil
| | - Erick Gustavo Dorlass
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
| | | | - João Renato Rebello Pinho
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Medicina Laboratorial (LIM03), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Gastroenterologia Clínica e Experimental (LIM07), Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
- Scientific Platform Pasteur-USP, São Paulo 05508-020, SP, Brazil
| | - Danielle Bruna Leal Oliveira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
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Zhang Y, Zhao L, Zhang J, Zhang X, Han S, Sun Q, Yao M, Pang B, Duan Q, Jiang X. Antibody and transcription landscape in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of elderly adults over 70 years of age with third dose of COVID-19 BBIBP-CorV and ZF2001 booster vaccine. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:11. [PMID: 38280989 PMCID: PMC10821575 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00408-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and extensive vaccination, it is important to explore the immune response of elderly adults to homologous and heterologous booster vaccines of COVID-19. At this point, we detected serum IgG antibodies and PBMC sample transcriptome profiles in 46 participants under 70 years old and 25 participants over 70 years old who received the third dose of the BBIBP-CorV and ZF2001 vaccines. RESULTS On day 7, the antibody levels of people over 70 years old after the third dose of booster vaccine were lower than those of young people, and the transcriptional responses of innate and adaptive immunity were also weak. The age of the participants showed a significant negative correlation with functions related to T-cell differentiation and costimulation. Nevertheless, 28 days after the third dose, the IgG antibodies of elderly adults reached equivalence to those of younger adults, and immune-related transcriptional regulation was significantly improved. The age showed a significant positive correlation with functions related to "chemokine receptor binding", "chemokine activity", and "chemokine-mediated signaling pathway". CONCLUSIONS Our results document that the response of elderly adults to the third dose of the vaccine was delayed, but still able to achieve comparable immune effects compared to younger adults, in regard to antibody responses as well as at the transcript level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhang
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Section, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lianxiang Zhao
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai , Shandong Province, China
| | - Jinzhong Zhang
- Liaocheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Section, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shanshan Han
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qingshuai Sun
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mingxiao Yao
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Section, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bo Pang
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Section, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qing Duan
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Section, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaolin Jiang
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai , Shandong Province, China.
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 16992 Jingshi Road , Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, China.
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46
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Li W, Ding T, Chang H, Peng Y, Li J, Liang X, Ma H, Li F, Ren M, Wang W. Plant-derived strategies to fight against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:116000. [PMID: 38056300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused an unprecedented crisis, which has been exacerbated because specific drugs and treatments have not yet been developed. In the post-pandemic era, humans and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) will remain in equilibrium for a long time. Therefore, we still need to be vigilant against mutated SARS-CoV-2 variants and other emerging human viruses. Plant-derived products are increasingly important in the fight against the pandemic, but a comprehensive review is lacking. This review describes plant-based strategies centered on key biological processes, such as SARS-CoV-2 transmission, entry, replication, and immune interference. We highlight the mechanisms and effects of these plant-derived products and their feasibility and limitations for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19. The development of emerging technologies is driving plants to become production platforms for various antiviral products, improving their medicinal potential. We believe that plant-based strategies will be an important part of the solutions for future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkang Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Tianze Ding
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Huimin Chang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yuanchang Peng
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Jun Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Huixin Ma
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Maozhi Ren
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572000, China.
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47
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Sagawa F, Yamada H, Ayano M, Kimoto Y, Mitoma H, Ono N, Arinobu Y, Kondo M, Nakashima Y, Akashi K, Horiuchi T, Niiro H. Determination of the factors associated with antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell responses to BNT162b2 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. RMD Open 2024; 10:e003693. [PMID: 38216287 PMCID: PMC10806600 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Understanding interpatient variation in CD4+T-cell responses is the bases for understanding the pathogenesis and management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We examined immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in a cohort of patients with RA and determined factors associated with the responses. METHODS Four hundred and thirty-one patients with RA having received two doses of BNT162b2, a messenger RNA-based vaccine for SARS-CoV-2, were included. Vaccine antigen-specific IgG was detected by ELISA, and antigen-specific CD4+T cells were detected by CD154 expression in response to antigenic stimulation. Expression of cytokines was concomitantly detected by intracellular staining. Associations among background variables, antigen-specific antibody production and the CD4+T-cell responses were analysed. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was performed based on the profiles of antigen-specific cytokine production by CD4+T cells to stratify patients with RA. RESULTS Multivariate analysis indicated that ageing negatively affects CD4+T-cell response as well as antibody production. No association was detected between the presence or the levels of rheumatoid factor/anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody and anti-vaccine immune responses. Methotrexate and prednisolone reduced B cell but not T-cell responses. Conventional immunophenotyping by the expression of chemokine receptors was not associated with the actual CD4+T-cell response, except for T helper cells (Th1). Functional immunophenotyping based on the profiles of antigen-specific cytokine production of CD4+T cells stratified patients with RA into three clusters, among which Th1-dominant type less frequently underwent joint surgery. CONCLUSIONS Clinical and immunological variables that are associated with antigen-specific CD4 T-cell responses in patients with RA were determined by analysing immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Sagawa
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hisakata Yamada
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ayano
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mitoma
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ono
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yojiro Arinobu
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Kondo
- Kondo Clinic for Rheumatology and Orthopaedics, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Hiroaki Niiro
- Department of Medical Education, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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48
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Zhan XY, Chen Y, Zhang X, Shi Q, Chen K, Zeng C, Zhang Y, Liang Y, Li W, Li M, Peng Q, Qin C, Liu T, Xu H, Yuan D, Ye Z, Yan L, Cheng S, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Chen Y, Chen M, Li K, Ke C, Zhu Y, Huang B. Characterization of SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral immunity and associated factors in the healthy population post-vaccination. Vaccine 2024; 42:175-185. [PMID: 38103966 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate factors that may influence humoral immunity post-vaccination with a COVID-19-inactivated vaccine (SC2IV). METHODS A total of 1596 healthy individuals from the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University (1217) and Shenzhen Baotian Hospital (379) were enrolled in this study among which 694 and 218 participants were vaccinated with two-dose SC2IV, respectively. Physical examination indices were recorded. The levels of neutralizing antibody (NA), Spike IgG, receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG, RBD IgG + IgM + IgA, and nucleocapsid IgG of SARS-CoV-2 were measured by a non-virus ELISA kit. Multiple statistical analyses were carried out to identify factors that influence humoral immunity post-vaccination. RESULTS The two-dosage vaccination could induce NA in more than 90 % of recipients. The NA has the strongest correlation with anti-RBD IgG. Age is the most important independent index that affects the NA level, while basophil count, creatine kinase-MB, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, the ratio of albumin to urine creatinine, and thyroglobulin antibody have relatively minor contributions. Indices that affect the NA level were different between males and females. Antibodies targeting other epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 were detected in recipients without anti-RBD. CONCLUSIONS The factors identified in association with the NA level post-vaccination may help to evaluate the protective effect, risk of re-infection, the severity of symptoms, and prognosis for vaccine recipients in clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yong Zhan
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Yun Chen
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Health Management Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Qipeng Shi
- Shenzhen Mindray Bio-medical Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518057, PR China
| | - Kaiyin Chen
- Health Management Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Changchun Zeng
- Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Yuhong Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macau
| | - Wenxia Li
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Manli Li
- Shenzhen Genrui Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518106, PR China
| | - Qin Peng
- Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, PR China
| | - Changfei Qin
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Taoli Liu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Haifeng Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Dasen Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Ziheng Ye
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Ling Yan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Shuming Cheng
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Youpeng Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Ming Chen
- Shenzhen Genrui Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518106, PR China.
| | - Ke Li
- Health Management Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China.
| | - Changneng Ke
- Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, PR China.
| | - Yunxiao Zhu
- Health Management Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China.
| | - Bihui Huang
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China.
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49
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Sattler A, Gamradt S, Proß V, Thole LML, He A, Schrezenmeier EV, Jechow K, Gold SM, Lukassen S, Conrad C, Kotsch K. CD3 downregulation identifies high-avidity, multipotent SARS-CoV-2 vaccine- and recall antigen-specific Th cells with distinct metabolism. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e166833. [PMID: 38206757 PMCID: PMC11143931 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.166833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional avidity is supposed to critically shape the quality of immune responses, thereby influencing host protection against infectious agents including SARS-CoV-2. Here we show that after human SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, a large portion of high-avidity spike-specific CD4+ T cells lost CD3 expression after in vitro activation. The CD3- subset was enriched for cytokine-positive cells, including elevated per-cell expression levels, and showed increased polyfunctionality. Assessment of key metabolic pathways by flow cytometry revealed that superior functionality was accompanied by a shift toward fatty acid synthesis at the expense of their oxidation, whereas glucose transport and glycolysis were similarly regulated in SARS-CoV-2-specific CD3- and CD3+ subsets. As opposed to their CD3+ counterparts, frequencies of vaccine-specific CD3- T cells positively correlated with both the size of the naive CD4+ T cell pool and vaccine-specific IgG levels. Moreover, their frequencies negatively correlated with advancing age and were impaired in patients under immunosuppressive therapy. Typical recall antigen-reactive T cells showed a comparable segregation into functionally and metabolically distinct CD3+ and CD3- subsets but were quantitatively maintained upon aging, likely due to earlier recruitment in life. In summary, our data identify CD3- T helper cells as correlates of high-quality immune responses that are impaired in at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Sattler
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department for General and Visceral Surgery, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Gamradt
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences – Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine – Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vanessa Proß
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department for General and Visceral Surgery, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linda Marie Laura Thole
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department for General and Visceral Surgery, Berlin, Germany
| | - An He
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department for General and Visceral Surgery, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Vanessa Schrezenmeier
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Jechow
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Digital Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan M. Gold
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences – Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine – Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Universitätsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sören Lukassen
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Digital Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Conrad
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Digital Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Kotsch
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department for General and Visceral Surgery, Berlin, Germany
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50
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Wells SB, Rainbow DB, Mark M, Szabo PA, Ergen C, Maceiras AR, Caron DP, Rahmani E, Benuck E, Amiri VVP, Chen D, Wagner A, Howlett SK, Jarvis LB, Ellis KL, Kubota M, Matsumoto R, Mahbubani K, Saeb-Parsy K, Dominguez-Conde C, Richardson L, Xu C, Li S, Mamanova L, Bolt L, Wilk A, Teichmann SA, Farber DL, Sims PA, Jones JL, Yosef N. Multimodal profiling reveals tissue-directed signatures of human immune cells altered with age. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.03.573877. [PMID: 38260588 PMCID: PMC10802388 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.03.573877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The immune system comprises multiple cell lineages and heterogeneous subsets found in blood and tissues throughout the body. While human immune responses differ between sites and over age, the underlying sources of variation remain unclear as most studies are limited to peripheral blood. Here, we took a systems approach to comprehensively profile RNA and surface protein expression of over 1.25 million immune cells isolated from blood, lymphoid organs, and mucosal tissues of 24 organ donors aged 20-75 years. We applied a multimodal classifier to annotate the major immune cell lineages (T cells, B cells, innate lymphoid cells, and myeloid cells) and their corresponding subsets across the body, leveraging probabilistic modeling to define bases for immune variations across donors, tissue, and age. We identified dominant tissue-specific effects on immune cell composition and function across lineages for lymphoid sites, intestines, and blood-rich tissues. Age-associated effects were intrinsic to both lineage and site as manifested by macrophages in mucosal sites, B cells in lymphoid organs, and T and NK cells in blood-rich sites. Our results reveal tissue-specific signatures of immune homeostasis throughout the body and across different ages. This information provides a basis for defining the transcriptional underpinnings of immune variation and potential associations with disease-associated immune pathologies across the human lifespan.
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