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Hendershot LM, Buck TM, Brodsky JL. The Essential Functions of Molecular Chaperones and Folding Enzymes in Maintaining Endoplasmic Reticulum Homeostasis. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168418. [PMID: 38143019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
It has been estimated that up to one-third of the proteins encoded by the human genome enter the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as extended polypeptide chains where they undergo covalent modifications, fold into their native structures, and assemble into oligomeric protein complexes. The fidelity of these processes is critical to support organellar, cellular, and organismal health, and is perhaps best underscored by the growing number of disease-causing mutations that reduce the fidelity of protein biogenesis in the ER. To meet demands encountered by the diverse protein clientele that mature in the ER, this organelle is populated with a cadre of molecular chaperones that prevent protein aggregation, facilitate protein disulfide isomerization, and lower the activation energy barrier of cis-trans prolyl isomerization. Components of the lectin (glycan-binding) chaperone system also reside within the ER and play numerous roles during protein biogenesis. In addition, the ER houses multiple homologs of select chaperones that can recognize and act upon diverse peptide signatures. Moreover, redundancy helps ensure that folding-compromised substrates are unable to overwhelm essential ER-resident chaperones and enzymes. In contrast, the ER in higher eukaryotic cells possesses a single member of the Hsp70, Hsp90, and Hsp110 chaperone families, even though several homologs of these molecules reside in the cytoplasm. In this review, we discuss specific functions of the many factors that maintain ER quality control, highlight some of their interactions, and describe the vulnerabilities that arise from the absence of multiple members of some chaperone families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Hendershot
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, United States.
| | - Teresa M Buck
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
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2
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Shrestha S, Taujale R, Katiyar S, Kannan N. Multi-omics reveals new links between Fructosamine-3-Kinase (FN3K) and core metabolic pathways. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2024; 10:64. [PMID: 38830903 PMCID: PMC11148063 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-024-00390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Fructosamine-3-kinases (FN3Ks) are a conserved family of repair enzymes that phosphorylate reactive sugars attached to lysine residues in peptides and proteins. Although FN3Ks are present across the Tree of Life and share detectable sequence similarity to eukaryotic protein kinases, the biological processes regulated by these kinases are largely unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we leveraged the FN3K CRISPR Knock-Out (KO) HepG2 cell line alongside an integrative multi-omics study combining transcriptomics, metabolomics, and interactomics to place these enzymes in a pathway context. The integrative analyses revealed the enrichment of pathways related to oxidative stress response, lipid biosynthesis (cholesterol and fatty acids), and carbon and co-factor metabolism. Moreover, enrichment of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) binding proteins and localization of human FN3K (HsFN3K) to mitochondria suggests potential links between FN3K and NAD-mediated energy metabolism and redox balance. We report specific binding of HsFN3K to NAD compounds in a metal and concentration-dependent manner and provide insight into their binding mode using modeling and experimental site-directed mutagenesis. Our studies provide a framework for targeting these understudied kinases in diabetic complications and metabolic disorders where redox balance and NAD-dependent metabolic processes are altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safal Shrestha
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Rahil Taujale
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Samiksha Katiyar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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3
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Melo EP, El-Guendouz S, Correia C, Teodoro F, Lopes C, Martel PJ. A Conformational-Dependent Interdomain Redox Relay at the Core of Protein Disulfide Isomerase Activity. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024. [PMID: 38497737 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Aims: Protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) are a family of chaperones resident in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In addition to holdase function, some members catalyze disulfide bond formation and isomerization, a crucial step for native folding and prevention of aggregation of misfolded proteins. PDIs are characterized by an arrangement of thioredoxin-like domains, with the canonical protein disulfide isomerase A1 (PDIA1) organized as four thioredoxin-like domains forming a horseshoe with two active sites, a and a', at the extremities. We aimed to clarify important aspects underlying the catalytic cycle of PDIA1 in the context of the full pathways of oxidative protein folding operating in the ER. Results: Using two fluorescent redox sensors, redox green fluorescent protein 2 (roGFP2) and HyPer (circularly permutated yellow fluorescent protein containing the regulatory domain of the H2O2-sensing protein OxyR), either unfolded or native, as client substrates, we identified the N-terminal a active site of PDIA1 as the main oxidant of thiols. From there, electrons can flow to the C-terminal a' active site, with the redox-dependent conformational flexibility of PDIA1 allowing the formation of an interdomain disulfide bond. The a' active site then acts as a crossing point to redirect electrons to ER downstream oxidases or back to client proteins to reduce scrambled disulfide bonds. Innovation and Conclusions: The two active sites of PDIA1 work cooperatively as an interdomain redox relay mechanism that explains PDIA1 oxidative activity to form native disulfides and PDIA1 reductase activity to resolve scrambled disulfides. This mechanism suggests a new rationale for shutting down oxidative protein folding under ER redox imbalance. Whether it applies to physiological substrates in cells remains to be shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo P Melo
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Cátia Correia
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Fernando Teodoro
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Carlos Lopes
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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Karamali N, Daraei A, Rostamlou A, Mahdavi R, Akbari Jonoush Z, Ghadiri N, Mahmoudi Z, Mardi A, Javidan M, Sohrabi S, Baradaran B. Decoding contextual crosstalk: revealing distinct interactions between non-coding RNAs and unfolded protein response in breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:104. [PMID: 38468244 PMCID: PMC10926595 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03296-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is significantly influenced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, impacting both its initiation and progression. When cells experience an accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins, they activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore cellular balance. In breast cancer, the UPR is frequently triggered due to challenging conditions within tumors. The UPR has a dual impact on breast cancer. On one hand, it can contribute to tumor growth by enhancing cell survival and resistance to programmed cell death in unfavorable environments. On the other hand, prolonged and severe ER stress can trigger cell death mechanisms, limiting tumor progression. Furthermore, ER stress has been linked to the regulation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in breast cancer cells. These ncRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), play essential roles in cancer development by influencing gene expression and cellular processes. An improved understanding of how ER stress and ncRNAs interact in breast cancer can potentially lead to new treatment approaches. Modifying specific ncRNAs involved in the ER stress response might interfere with cancer cell survival and induce cell death. Additionally, focusing on UPR-associated proteins that interact with ncRNAs could offer novel therapeutic possibilities. Therefore, this review provides a concise overview of the interconnection between ER stress and ncRNAs in breast cancer, elucidating the nuanced effects of the UPR on cell fate and emphasizing the regulatory roles of ncRNAs in breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Karamali
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arshia Daraei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Arman Rostamlou
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of EGE, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Roya Mahdavi
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Akbari Jonoush
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nooshin Ghadiri
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Mahmoudi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Mardi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Moslem Javidan
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Sohrabi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Shrestha S, Taujale R, Katiyar S, Kannan N. Illuminating the functions of the understudied Fructosamine-3-kinase (FN3K) using a multi-omics approach reveals new links to lipid, carbon, and co-factor metabolic pathways. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3934957. [PMID: 38410452 PMCID: PMC10896376 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3934957/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Fructosamine-3-kinases (FN3Ks) are a conserved family of repair enzymes that phosphorylate reactive sugars attached to lysine residues in peptides and proteins. Although FN3Ks are present across the tree of life and share detectable sequence similarity to eukaryotic protein kinases, the biological processes regulated by these kinases are largely unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we leveraged the FN3K CRISPR Knock-Out (KO) cell line alongside an integrative multi-omics study combining transcriptomics, metabolomics, and interactomics to place these enzymes in a pathway context. The integrative analyses revealed the enrichment of pathways related to oxidative stress response, lipid biosynthesis (cholesterol and fatty acids), carbon and co-factor metabolism. Moreover, enrichment of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) binding proteins and localization of human FN3K (HsFN3K) to mitochondria suggests potential links between FN3Ks and NAD-mediated energy metabolism and redox balance. We report specific binding of HsFN3K to NAD compounds in a metal and concentration-dependent manner and provide insight into their binding mode using modeling and experimental site-directed mutagenesis. By identifying a potential link between FN3Ks, redox regulation, and NAD-dependent metabolic processes, our studies provide a framework for targeting these understudied kinases in diabetic complications and metabolic disorders where redox balance is altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safal Shrestha
- Institute of Bioinformatics; University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Rahil Taujale
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Samiksha Katiyar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- Institute of Bioinformatics; University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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6
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Liu K, Wang X, Li Y, Shi Y, Ren Y, Wang A, Zhao B, Cheng P, Wang B. Protein Disulfide Isomerase FgEps1 Is a Secreted Virulence Factor in Fusarium graminearum. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1009. [PMID: 37888265 PMCID: PMC10607971 DOI: 10.3390/jof9101009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a member of the thioredoxin (Trx) superfamily with important functions in cellular stability, ion uptake, and cellular differentiation. While PDI has been extensively studied in humans and animals, its role in fungi remains relatively unknown. In this study, the biological functions of FgEps1, a disulfide bond isomerase in the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum, were investigated. It was found that FgEps1 mutation affected nutritional growth, asexual and sexual reproduction, and stress tolerance. Additionally, its deletion resulted in reduced pathogenicity and impaired DON toxin biosynthesis. The involvement of FgEps1 in host infection was also confirmed, as its expression was detected during the infection period. Further investigation using a yeast signal peptide secretion system and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana showed that FgEps1 suppressed the immune response of plants and promoted infection. These findings suggest that virulence factor FgEps1 plays a crucial role in growth, development, virulence, secondary metabolism, and host infection in F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (K.L.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.R.); (A.W.); (B.Z.)
| | - Baotong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (K.L.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.R.); (A.W.); (B.Z.)
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7
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Gebert M, Sławski J, Kalinowski L, Collawn JF, Bartoszewski R. The Unfolded Protein Response: A Double-Edged Sword for Brain Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1648. [PMID: 37627643 PMCID: PMC10451475 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient brain function requires as much as 20% of the total oxygen intake to support normal neuronal cell function. This level of oxygen usage, however, leads to the generation of free radicals, and thus can lead to oxidative stress and potentially to age-related cognitive decay and even neurodegenerative diseases. The regulation of this system requires a complex monitoring network to maintain proper oxygen homeostasis. Furthermore, the high content of mitochondria in the brain has elevated glucose demands, and thus requires a normal redox balance. Maintaining this is mediated by adaptive stress response pathways that permit cells to survive oxidative stress and to minimize cellular damage. These stress pathways rely on the proper function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), a cellular pathway responsible for normal ER function and cell survival. Interestingly, the UPR has two opposing signaling pathways, one that promotes cell survival and one that induces apoptosis. In this narrative review, we discuss the opposing roles of the UPR signaling pathways and how a better understanding of these stress pathways could potentially allow for the development of effective strategies to prevent age-related cognitive decay as well as treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gebert
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-134 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jakub Sławski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14a Street, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-134 Gdansk, Poland
- BioTechMed Centre, Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - James F. Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Rafal Bartoszewski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14a Street, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
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8
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Klyosova E, Azarova I, Buikin S, Polonikov A. Differentially Expressed Genes Regulating Glutathione Metabolism, Protein-Folding, and Unfolded Protein Response in Pancreatic β-Cells in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12059. [PMID: 37569434 PMCID: PMC10418503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired redox homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) may contribute to proinsulin misfolding and thus to activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) and apoptotic pathways, culminating in pancreatic β-cell loss and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The present study was designed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) encoding enzymes for glutathione metabolism and their impact on the expression levels of genes regulating protein folding and UPR in β-cells of T2D patients. The GEO transcriptome datasets of β-cells of diabetics and non-diabetics, GSE20966 and GSE81608, were analyzed for 142 genes of interest using limma and GREIN software, respectively. Diabetic β-cells showed dataset-specific patterns of DEGs (FDR ≤ 0.05) implicated in the regulation of glutathione metabolism (ANPEP, PGD, IDH2, and CTH), protein-folding (HSP90AB1, HSP90AA1, HSPA1B, HSPA8, BAG3, NDC1, NUP160, RLN1, and RPS19BP1), and unfolded protein response (CREB3L4, ERP27, and BID). The GCLC gene, encoding the catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase, the first rate-limiting enzyme of glutathione biosynthesis, was moderately down-regulated in diabetic β-cells from both datasets (p ≤ 0.05). Regression analysis established that genes involved in the de novo synthesis of glutathione, GCLC, GCLM, and GSS affect the expression levels of genes encoding molecular chaperones and those involved in the UPR pathway. This study showed for the first time that diabetic β-cells exhibit alterations in the expression of genes regulating glutathione metabolism, protein-folding, and UPR and provided evidence for the molecular crosstalk between impaired redox homeostasis and abnormal protein folding, underlying ER stress in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Klyosova
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia; (E.K.); (I.A.)
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
| | - Iuliia Azarova
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia; (E.K.); (I.A.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
| | - Stepan Buikin
- Centre of Omics Technology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Internal Diseases, Yaroslav the Wise Novgorod State University, 41 Bolshaya St. Petersburg Street, 173003 Veliky Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexey Polonikov
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
- Laboratory of Statistical Genetics and Bioinformatics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
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9
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Hazari Y, Urra H, Garcia Lopez VA, Diaz J, Tamburini G, Milani M, Pihan P, Durand S, Aprahamia F, Baxter R, Huang M, Dong XC, Vihinen H, Batista-Gonzalez A, Godoy P, Criollo A, Ratziu V, Foufelle F, Hengstler JG, Jokitalo E, Bailly-Maitre B, Maiers JL, Plate L, Kroemer G, Hetz C. The endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor IRE1 regulates collagen secretion through the enforcement of the proteostasis factor P4HB/PDIA1 contributing to liver damage and fibrosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.02.538835. [PMID: 37205565 PMCID: PMC10187203 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.02.538835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Collagen is one the most abundant proteins and the main cargo of the secretory pathway, contributing to hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis due to excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Here we investigated the possible contribution of the unfolded protein response, the main adaptive pathway that monitors and adjusts the protein production capacity at the endoplasmic reticulum, to collagen biogenesis and liver disease. Genetic ablation of the ER stress sensor IRE1 reduced liver damage and diminished collagen deposition in models of liver fibrosis triggered by carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) administration or by high fat diet. Proteomic and transcriptomic profiling identified the prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4HB, also known as PDIA1), which is known to be critical for collagen maturation, as a major IRE1-induced gene. Cell culture studies demonstrated that IRE1 deficiency results in collagen retention at the ER and altered secretion, a phenotype rescued by P4HB overexpression. Taken together, our results collectively establish a role of the IRE1/P4HB axis in the regulation of collagen production and its significance in the pathogenesis of various disease states.
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Shadfar S, Parakh S, Jamali MS, Atkin JD. Redox dysregulation as a driver for DNA damage and its relationship to neurodegenerative diseases. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:18. [PMID: 37055865 PMCID: PMC10103468 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox homeostasis refers to the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and their elimination by antioxidants. It is linked to all important cellular activities and oxidative stress is a result of imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidant species. Oxidative stress perturbs many cellular activities, including processes that maintain the integrity of DNA. Nucleic acids are highly reactive and therefore particularly susceptible to damage. The DNA damage response detects and repairs these DNA lesions. Efficient DNA repair processes are therefore essential for maintaining cellular viability, but they decline considerably during aging. DNA damage and deficiencies in DNA repair are increasingly described in age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease. Furthermore, oxidative stress has long been associated with these conditions. Moreover, both redox dysregulation and DNA damage increase significantly during aging, which is the biggest risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. However, the links between redox dysfunction and DNA damage, and their joint contributions to pathophysiology in these conditions, are only just emerging. This review will discuss these associations and address the increasing evidence for redox dysregulation as an important and major source of DNA damage in neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding these connections may facilitate a better understanding of disease mechanisms, and ultimately lead to the design of better therapeutic strategies based on preventing both redox dysregulation and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Shadfar
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Sonam Parakh
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Md Shafi Jamali
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Julie D Atkin
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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Ono S, Ogura J, Sugiura H, Yamauchi M, Tanaka A, Sato T, Maekawa M, Yamaguchi H, Mano N. Glutathione depletion results in S-nitrosylation of protein disulfide isomerase in neuroblastoma cells. Life Sci 2023; 316:121442. [PMID: 36708988 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is an essential enzyme involved in oxidative protein folding. PDI is S-nitrosylated in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients, and S-nitrosylated PDI is considered one of main causes of Alzheimer's disease. However, the mechanisms underlying PDI S-nitrosylation have not yet been elucidated. Because glutathione (GSH) depletion is a pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease, we investigated the effect of GSH depletion on the S-nitrosylation level of PDI. MAIN METHODS SH-SY5Y cells, which is a human derived neuroblastoma cells, were used in this study. Glutamate and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) were used as GSH depletors. S-nitrosylated PDI was detected by biotin-switch assay. KEY FINDINGS GSH depletion by glutamate, a cystine/glutamate antiporter xCT inhibitor, increased S-nitrosylated PDI at C343 in SH-SY5Y cells, and induced IRE1α phosphorylation. BSO, a γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase inhibitor, also increased S-nitrosylated PDI and phosphorylated IRE1α upon GSH depletion. Because S-nitrosylated PDI at C343 is stable in neuro cells, S-nitrosylated PDI by GSH depletion progresses to neurodegeneration by the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress via phosphorylated IRE1α signaling from the early to late stage. Furthermore, treatment with neohesperidin, but not N-acetylcysteine (NAC), improved PDI S-nitrosylation level in GSH-depleted SH-SY5Y cells because nitrosylated compound of NAC induces PDI S-nitrosylation. SIGNIFICANCE The results of our study provide a new insight into the mechanisms of neurodegeneration, and may be useful for the development of drugs for Alzheimer's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Ono
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jiro Ogura
- Department of Pharmacy, Yamagata University Hospital, Yamagata, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Sugiura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Minami Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Maekawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacy, Yamagata University Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
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12
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LEE WANSIK, PARK SUNYOUNG, PARK YOUNGRAN, JOO YOUNGEUN. Over-expression of Anterior Gradient 3 Is Associated With Tumor Progression and Poor Survival in Gastric Cancer. In Vivo 2023; 37:483-489. [PMID: 36593009 PMCID: PMC9843753 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Anterior gradient (AGR) proteins, including AGR1, AGR2, and AGR3, which are members of the protein disulfide isomerase family, have been reported as biomarkers for various carcinogenesis processes. Although AGR2 and AGR1 have been demonstrated to be associated with gastric cancer (GC) progression and poor survival, the effect of AGR3 on the progression and prognosis of GC remains unknown. Therefore, our study aimed to examine the expression and prognostic significance of AGR3 in patients with GC. PATIENTS AND METHODS We investigated 271 GC patients receiving curative surgery. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were obtained, and long-term survival analysis was performed. The expression of AGR3 in GC tissues was investigated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AGR3 was over-expressed in GC tissue compared with paired normal tissue at the mRNA and protein levels. AGR3 over-expression was significantly associated with larger tumor size, deeper tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and advanced tumor stage. The overall survival of patients with positive AGR3 expression was significantly lower than that of patients without positive AGR3 expression. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that AGR3 and age were independent prognostic factors associated with overall survival. CONCLUSION Over-expression of AGR3 was significantly associated with tumor progression and poor survival of GC patients. Therefore, AGR3 may be a novel biomarker and prognostic factor for GC.
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13
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Wang L, Wang CC. Oxidative protein folding fidelity and redoxtasis in the endoplasmic reticulum. Trends Biochem Sci 2023; 48:40-52. [PMID: 35871147 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, oxidative protein folding occurs in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), catalyzed by ER sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (Ero1) and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). The efficiency and fidelity of oxidative protein folding are vital for the function of secretory cells. Here, we summarize oxidative protein folding in yeast, plants, and mammals, and discuss how the conformation and activity of human Ero1-PDI machinery is regulated through various post-translational modifications (PTMs). We propose that oxidative protein folding fidelity and ER redox homeostasis are maintained by both the precise control of Ero1 oxidase activity and the division of labor between PDI family members. We also discuss how deregulated Ero1-PDI functions contribute to human diseases and can be leveraged for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Chih-Chen Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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14
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Tang Q, Liu Q, Li Y, Mo L, He J. CRELD2, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and human diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1117414. [PMID: 36936176 PMCID: PMC10018036 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1117414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CRELD2, a member of the cysteine-rich epidermal growth factor-like domain (CRELD) protein family, is both an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein and a secretory factor. The expression and secretion of CRELD2 are dramatically induced by ER stress. CRELD2 is ubiquitously expressed in multiple tissues at different levels, suggesting its crucial and diverse roles in different tissues. Recent studies suggest that CRELD2 is associated with cartilage/bone metabolism homeostasis and pathological conditions involving ER stress such as chronic liver diseases, cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases, and cancer. Herein, we first summarize ER stress and then critically review recent advances in the knowledge of the characteristics and functions of CRELD2 in various human diseases. Furthermore, we highlight challenges and present future directions to elucidate the roles of CRELD2 in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qinhui Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Mo
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhan He
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Jinhan He,
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15
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Germon A, Heesom KJ, Amoah R, Adams JC. Protein disulfide isomerase A3 activity promotes extracellular accumulation of proteins relevant to basal breast cancer outcomes in human MDA-MB-A231 breast cancer cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C113-C132. [PMID: 36374169 PMCID: PMC9799142 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00445.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis and recurrence of breast cancer remain major causes of patient mortality, and there is an ongoing need to identify new therapeutic targets relevant to tumor invasion. Protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3) is a disulfide oxidoreductase and isomerase of the endoplasmic reticulum that has known extracellular substrates and has been correlated with aggressive breast cancers. We show that either prior PDIA3 inhibition by the disulfide isomerase inhibitor 16F16 or depletion of heparin-binding proteins strongly reduces the activity of conditioned medium (CM) of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells to support promigratory cell spreading and F-actin organization by newly adherent MDA-MB-231 cells. Quantitative proteomics to investigate effects of 16F16 inhibition on heparin-binding proteins in the CM of MDA-MB-231 cells identified 80 proteins reproducibly decreased at least twofold (at q ≤ 0.05) after 16F16 treatment. By Gene Ontology analysis, many of these have roles in extracellular matrix (ECM) structure and function and cell adhesion; ribosomal proteins that also correlate with extracellular vesicles were also identified. Protein-protein interaction analysis showed that many of the extracellular proteins have known network interactions with each other. The predominant types of disulfide-bonded domains in the extracellular proteins contained β-hairpin folds, with the knottin fold the most common. From human breast cancer data sets, the extracellular proteins were found to correlate specifically with the basal subtype of breast cancer and their high expression in tumors correlated with reduced distant metastasis-free survival. These data provide new evidence that PDIA3 may be a relevant therapeutic target to alter properties of the ECM-associated microenvironment in basal breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Germon
- School of Biochemistry, https://ror.org/0524sp257University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kate J Heesom
- University of Bristol Proteomics Facility, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Reiss Amoah
- School of Biochemistry, https://ror.org/0524sp257University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Josephine C Adams
- School of Biochemistry, https://ror.org/0524sp257University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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16
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Bilches Medinas D, Malik S, Yıldız‐Bölükbaşı E, Borgonovo J, Saaranen MJ, Urra H, Pulgar E, Afzal M, Contreras D, Wright MT, Bodaleo F, Quiroz G, Rozas P, Mumtaz S, Díaz R, Rozas C, Cabral‐Miranda F, Piña R, Valenzuela V, Uyan O, Reardon C, Woehlbier U, Brown RH, Sena‐Esteves M, Gonzalez‐Billault C, Morales B, Plate L, Ruddock LW, Concha ML, Hetz C, Tolun A. Mutation in protein disulfide isomerase A3 causes neurodevelopmental defects by disturbing endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis. EMBO J 2022; 41:e105531. [PMID: 34904718 PMCID: PMC8762563 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recessive gene mutations underlie many developmental disorders and often lead to disabling neurological problems. Here, we report identification of a homozygous c.170G>A (p.Cys57Tyr or C57Y) mutation in the gene coding for protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3, also known as ERp57), an enzyme that catalyzes formation of disulfide bonds in the endoplasmic reticulum, to be associated with syndromic intellectual disability. Experiments in zebrafish embryos show that PDIA3C57Y expression is pathogenic and causes developmental defects such as axonal disorganization as well as skeletal abnormalities. Expression of PDIA3C57Y in the mouse hippocampus results in impaired synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation. Proteomic and functional analyses reveal that PDIA3C57Y expression leads to dysregulation of cell adhesion and actin cytoskeleton dynamics, associated with altered integrin biogenesis and reduced neuritogenesis. Biochemical studies show that PDIA3C57Y has decreased catalytic activity and forms disulfide-crosslinked aggregates that abnormally interact with chaperones in the endoplasmic reticulum. Thus, rare disease gene variant can provide insight into how perturbations of neuronal proteostasis can affect the function of the nervous system.
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17
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Weste J, Houben T, Harder S, Schlüter H, Lücke E, Schreiber J, Hoffmann W. Different Molecular Forms of TFF3 in the Human Respiratory Tract: Heterodimerization with IgG Fc Binding Protein (FCGBP) and Proteolytic Cleavage in Bronchial Secretions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315359. [PMID: 36499686 PMCID: PMC9737082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The polypeptide TFF3 belongs to the trefoil factor family (TFF) of lectins. TFF3 is typically secreted from mucous epithelia together with mucins. Both intestinal and salivary TFF3 mainly exist as disulfide-linked heterodimers with IgG Fc binding protein (FCGBP). Here, we investigated bronchial tissue specimens, bronchial secretions, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from patients with a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) background by fast protein liquid chromatography and proteomics. For the first time, we identified different molecular forms of TFF3 in the lung. The high-molecular mass form represents TFF3-FCGBP oligomers, whereas the low-molecular mass forms are homodimeric and monomeric TFF3 with possibly anti-apoptotic activities. In addition, disulfide-linked TFF3 heterodimers with an Mr of about 60k and 30k were detected in both bronchial secretions and BAL fluid. In these liquids, TFF3 is partly N-terminally truncated probably by neutrophil elastase cleavage. TFF3-FCGBP is likely involved in the mucosal innate immune defense against microbial infections. We discuss a hypothetical model how TFF3 might control FCGBP oligomerization. Furthermore, we did not find indications for interactions of TFF3-FCGBP with DMBT1gp340 or the mucin MUC5AC, glycoproteins involved in mucosal innate immunity. Surprisingly, bronchial MUC5AC appeared to be degraded when compared with gastric MUC5AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Weste
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Till Houben
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sönke Harder
- Section Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Diagnostic Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Section Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Diagnostic Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Lücke
- Department of Pneumology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jens Schreiber
- Department of Pneumology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Werner Hoffmann
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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18
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Sun H, Wu M, Wang M, Zhang X, Zhu J. The regulatory role of endoplasmic reticulum chaperone proteins in neurodevelopment. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1032607. [DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1032607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest tubular reticular organelle spanning the cell. As the main site of protein synthesis, Ca2+ homeostasis maintenance and lipid metabolism, the ER plays a variety of essential roles in eukaryotic cells, with ER molecular chaperones participate in all these processes. In recent years, it has been reported that the abnormal expression of ER chaperones often leads to a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including abnormal neuronal migration, neuronal morphogenesis, and synaptic function. Neuronal development is a complex and precisely regulated process. Currently, the mechanism by which neural development is regulated at the ER level remains under investigation. Therefore, in this work, we reviewed the recent advances in the roles of ER chaperones in neural development and developmental disorders caused by the deficiency of these molecular chaperones.
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19
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Viladomiu M, Khounlotham M, Dogan B, Lima SF, Elsaadi A, Cardakli E, Castellanos JG, Ng C, Herzog J, Schoenborn AA, Ellermann M, Liu B, Zhang S, Gulati AS, Sartor RB, Simpson KW, Lipkin SM, Longman RS. Agr2-associated ER stress promotes adherent-invasive E. coli dysbiosis and triggers CD103 + dendritic cell IL-23-dependent ileocolitis. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111637. [PMID: 36384110 PMCID: PMC9805753 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with Crohn's disease (CD), but its impact on host-microbe interaction in disease pathogenesis is not well defined. Functional deficiency in the protein disulfide isomerase anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) has been linked with CD and leads to epithelial cell ER stress and ileocolitis in mice and humans. Here, we show that ileal expression of AGR2 correlates with mucosal Enterobactericeae abundance in human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and that Agr2 deletion leads to ER-stress-dependent expansion of mucosal-associated adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC), which drives Th17 cell ileocolitis in mice. Mechanistically, our data reveal that AIEC-induced epithelial cell ER stress triggers CD103+ dendritic cell production of interleukin-23 (IL-23) and that IL-23R is required for ileocolitis in Agr2-/- mice. Overall, these data reveal a specific and reciprocal interaction of the expansion of the CD pathobiont AIEC with ER-stress-associated ileocolitis and highlight a distinct cellular mechanism for IL-23-dependent ileocolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Viladomiu
- Department of Medicine, Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Manirath Khounlotham
- Department of Medicine, Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Belgin Dogan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Svetlana F. Lima
- Department of Medicine, Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Ahmed Elsaadi
- Department of Medicine, Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Emre Cardakli
- Department of Medicine, Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Jim G. Castellanos
- Department of Medicine, Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Charles Ng
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Jeremy Herzog
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alexi A. Schoenborn
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Melissa Ellermann
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA,Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Bo Liu
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Shiying Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ajay S. Gulati
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - R. Balfour Sartor
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kenneth W. Simpson
- Department of Medicine, Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA,College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Steven M. Lipkin
- Department of Medicine, Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA,Correspondence: (S.M.L.), (R.S.L.)
| | - Randy S. Longman
- Department of Medicine, Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA,Jill Roberts Center for IBD, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence: (S.M.L.), (R.S.L.)
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20
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Curreli S, Benedetti F, Yuan W, Munawwar A, Cocchi F, Gallo RC, Sherman NE, Zella D. Characterization of the interactome profiling of Mycoplasma fermentans DnaK in cancer cells reveals interference with key cellular pathways. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1022704. [PMID: 36386669 PMCID: PMC9651203 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1022704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Chaperone proteins are redundant in nature and, to achieve their function, they bind a large repertoire of client proteins. DnaK is a bacterial chaperone protein that recognizes misfolded and aggregated proteins and drives their folding and intracellular trafficking. Some Mycoplasmas are associated with cancers, and we demonstrated that infection with a strain of Mycoplasma fermentans isolated in our lab promoted lymphoma in a mouse model. Its DnaK is expressed intracellularly in infected cells, it interacts with key proteins to hamper essential pathways related to DNA repair and p53 functions and uninfected cells can take-up extracellular DnaK. We profile here for the first time the eukaryotic proteins interacting with DnaK transiently expressed in five cancer cell lines. A total of 520 eukaryotic proteins were isolated by immunoprecipitation and identified by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Among the cellular DnaK-binding partners, 49 were shared between the five analyzed cell lines, corroborating the specificity of the interaction of DnaK with these proteins. Enrichment analysis revealed multiple RNA biological processes, DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, DNA conformational changes, protein-DNA complex subunit organization, telomere organization and cell cycle as the most significant ontology terms. This is the first study to show that a bacterial chaperone protein interacts with key eukaryotic components thus suggesting DnaK could become a perturbing hub for the functions of important cellular pathways. Given the close interactions between bacteria and host cells in the local microenvironment, these results provide a foundation for future mechanistic studies on how bacteria interfere with essential cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Curreli
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Francesca Benedetti
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Weirong Yuan
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Arshi Munawwar
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Fiorenza Cocchi
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Robert C. Gallo
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nicholas E. Sherman
- Biomolecular Analysis Facility Core, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Davide Zella
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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21
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Crystal structure of the collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylase (C-P4H) catalytic domain complexed with PDI: Toward a model of the C-P4H α 2β 2 tetramer. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102614. [PMID: 36265586 PMCID: PMC9676403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylases (C-P4H) are α2β2 tetramers, which catalyze the prolyl 4-hydroxylation of procollagen, allowing for the formation of the stable triple-helical collagen structure in the endoplasmic reticulum. The C-P4H α-subunit provides the N-terminal dimerization domain, the middle peptide-substrate-binding (PSB) domain, and the C-terminal catalytic (CAT) domain, whereas the β-subunit is identical to the enzyme protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). The structure of the N-terminal part of the α-subunit (N-terminal region and PSB domain) is known, but the structures of the PSB-CAT linker region and the CAT domain as well as its mode of assembly with the β/PDI subunit, are unknown. Here, we report the crystal structure of the CAT domain of human C-P4H-II complexed with the intact β/PDI subunit, at 3.8 Å resolution. The CAT domain interacts with the a, b', and a' domains of the β/PDI subunit, such that the CAT active site is facing bulk solvent. The structure also shows that the C-P4H-II CAT domain has a unique N-terminal extension, consisting of α-helices and a β-strand, which is the edge strand of its major antiparallel β-sheet. This extra region of the CAT domain interacts tightly with the β/PDI subunit, showing that the CAT-PDI interface includes an intersubunit disulfide bridge with the a' domain and tight hydrophobic interactions with the b' domain. Using this new information, the structure of the mature C-P4H-II α2β2 tetramer is predicted. The model suggests that the CAT active-site properties are modulated by α-helices of the N-terminal dimerization domains of both subunits of the α2-dimer.
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22
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Cheng C, Kan J, Li S, Jiang C, He X, Shen H, Xu R, Li B, Feng Z, Yang P. Mutation of barley HvPDIL5-1 improves resistance to yellow mosaic virus disease without growth or yield penalties. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1018379. [PMID: 36275526 PMCID: PMC9583009 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1018379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The soil-borne yellow mosaic virus disease, which is caused by the bymoviruses barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and/or barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV), seriously threatens winter barley production in Europe and East Asia. Both viruses are transmitted by the soil-borne plasmodiophorid Polymyxa graminis and are difficult to eliminate through chemical or physical measures in the field, making breeding for resistant cultivars the optimal strategy for disease control. The resistance locus rym1/11 was cloned encoding the host factor gene Protein Disulfide Isomerase Like 5-1 (PDIL5-1), whose loss-of-function variants confer broad-spectrum resistance to multiple strains of BaMMV/BaYMV. Most resistance-conferring variants have been identified in six-rowed barley landraces/historic cultivars, and their introgression into modern two-rowed malting cultivars is difficult because PDIL5-1 is located in a peri-centromeric region with suppressed recombination. In this study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to modify PDIL5-1 in the BaYMV/BaMMV-susceptible elite malting barley cv. 'Golden Promise' and obtained the mutants pdil5-1-a and pdil5-1-b. PDIL5-1 in the pdil5-1-a mutant encodes a protein lacking a cysteine residue, and pdil5-1-b contains a protein-coding frameshift. Both mutants were completely resistant to BaYMV. The knockout mutant pdil5-1-b showed complete BaMMV resistance, while pdil5-1-a showed decreased viral accumulation but no disease symptoms if compared to 'Golden Promise'. Both PDIL5-1 edited lines, as well as the previously produced EMS-induced pdil5-1 mutant '10253-1-5' in the elite malting barley cv. 'Barke' background, displayed no growth or yield penalties in garden experiments or bymovirus-free field trials. Line '10253-1-5' showed improved resistance and yield performance compared to the wild-type and its sibling line when grown in infectious fields. Therefore, genome editing of the host factor gene PDIL5-1 could facilitate the breeding of barley varieties with resistance to bymoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyuan Cheng
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhong Kan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Congcong Jiang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan He
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huiquan Shen
- Institute of Agricultural Science in Jiangsu Coastal Areas, Yancheng, China
| | - Rugen Xu
- College of Agronomy, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Boqun Li
- Special Crops Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Zongyun Feng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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23
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Ogura J. [Association of Abnormal Disulfide Bond Formation with Disease Development and Progression]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2022; 142:1055-1060. [PMID: 36184439 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.22-00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As intermolecular and intramolecular disulfide bridges in proteins play a vital role in the stability of the final protein structure, the disruption of disulfide bridges in proteins may lead to disease development and progression. Therefore, understanding the association of abnormal protein disulfide bond formation with disease development and progression can be useful for developing novel drugs for various diseases. Considering that disulfide-linked protein folding involves redox reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum, this process may be affected by oxidative stress. We hypothesized that oxidative stress-related diseases may be induced by abnormal protein disulfide bond formation. This review introduces the association of abnormal protein disulfide bond formation with disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Ogura
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata University.,Department of Pharmacy, Yamagata University Hospital
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Huang S, Wang S, Su Z, Cao Y, Hong W, Lin T. Structural insights into the redox regulation of Oncomelania hupensis TRP14 and its potential role in the snail host response to parasite invasion. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:474-483. [PMID: 35988710 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The freshwater amphibious snail Oncomelania hupensis is the unique intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum, but little attention has been paid to the interaction between the two. In snails, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by hemocytes has been shown to be vital for snail immune defense against schistosome infection. However, excessive ROS accumulation could lead to oxidative damage, requiring the antioxidant system for maintaining the cellular redox homeostasis. Previously we identified a thioredoxin-related protein of 14 kDa from O. hupensis (OhTRP14), and showed that it was involved in the scavenging of ROS in circulating hemocytes. Here, we confirmed that OhTRP14 plays a potential role in the snail host response to parasite challenge and determined the crystal structures of OhTRP14 in two different states (oxidized and transition state). The overall structure revealed a typical Trx fold and is similar to that of human TRP14 (hTRP14), but there were significant structural differences between the two states. Noticeably, there was a different pair of thiol groups from Cys30 and Cys44 in the transition state of OhTRP14, were with the similar separation of 2.9 Å as that (2.6 Å) between Cys41 and Cys44, but in a different orientation, suggesting that the Cys30 is likely to function as an important molecular switch involved in the oxidoreductase activity of OhTRP14. Comparative studies between OhTRP14 and hTRP14 by analyzing the surface characteristics, charge distribution and oxidoreductase activity toward insulin demonstrated they might have similar substrates. The results are expected to provide structural insights into the redox regulation of OhTRP14 and contribute to better understanding of TRP14 family. DATA DEPOSITION: The atomic coordinates of the structure and the structure factors were deposited in Protein Data Bank with PDB ID codes 7XQ3 and 7XPW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiqin Huang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Songqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhiming Su
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yunchao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wenbin Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Tianwei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Pathway engineering facilitates efficient protein expression in Pichia pastoris. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5893-5912. [PMID: 36040488 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Pichia pastoris has been recognized as an important platform for the production of various heterologous proteins in recent years. The strong promoter AOX1, induced by methanol, with the help of the α-pre-pro signal sequence, can lead to a high expression level of extracellular protein. However, this combination was not always efficient, as protein secretion in P. pastoris involves numerous procedures mediated by several cellular proteins, including folding assisted by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) molecular chaperones, degradation through ubiquitination, and an efficient vesicular transport system. Efficient protein expression requires the cooperation of various intracellular pathways. This article summarizes the process of protein secretion, modification, and transportation in P. pastoris. In addition, the roles played by the key proteins in these processes and the corresponding co-expression effects are also listed. It is expected to lay the foundation for the industrial protein production of P. pastoris. KEY POINTS: • Mechanisms of chaperones in protein folding and their co-expression effects are summarized. • Protein glycosylation modifications are comprehensively reviewed. • Current dilemmas in the overall protein secretion pathway of Pichia pastoris and corresponding solutions are demonstrated.
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Functions and mechanisms of protein disulfide isomerase family in cancer emergence. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:129. [PMID: 35965326 PMCID: PMC9375924 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00868-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multi-layered organelle that is essential for the synthesis, folding, and structural maturation of almost one-third of the cellular proteome. It houses several resident proteins for these functions including the 21 members of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family. The signature of proteins belonging to this family is the presence of the thioredoxin domain which mediates the formation, and rearrangement of disulfide bonds of substrate proteins in the ER. This process is crucial not only for the proper folding of ER substrates but also for maintaining a balanced ER proteostasis. The inclusion of new PDI members with a wide variety of structural determinants, size and enzymatic activity has brought additional epitomes of how PDI functions. Notably, some of them do not carry the thioredoxin domain and others have roles outside the ER. This also reflects that PDIs may have specialized functions and their functions are not limited within the ER. Large-scale expression datasets of human clinical samples have identified that the expression of PDI members is elevated in pathophysiological states like cancer. Subsequent functional interrogations using structural, molecular, cellular, and animal models suggest that some PDI members support the survival, progression, and metastasis of several cancer types. Herein, we review recent research advances on PDIs, vis-à-vis their expression, functions, and molecular mechanisms in supporting cancer growth with special emphasis on the anterior gradient (AGR) subfamily. Last, we posit the relevance and therapeutic strategies in targeting the PDIs in cancer.
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Caillet C, Stofberg ML, Muleya V, Shonhai A, Zininga T. Host cell stress response as a predictor of COVID-19 infectivity and disease progression. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:938099. [PMID: 36032680 PMCID: PMC9411049 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.938099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by a coronavirus identified in December 2019 has caused a global pandemic. COVID-19 was declared a pandemic in March 2020 and has led to more than 6.3 million deaths. The pandemic has disrupted world travel, economies, and lifestyles worldwide. Although vaccination has been an effective tool to reduce the severity and spread of the disease there is a need for more concerted approaches to fighting the disease. COVID-19 is characterised as a severe acute respiratory syndrome . The severity of the disease is associated with a battery of comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic lung disease, and renal disease. These underlying diseases are associated with general cellular stress. Thus, COVID-19 exacerbates outcomes of the underlying conditions. Consequently, coronavirus infection and the various underlying conditions converge to present a combined strain on the cellular response. While the host response to the stress is primarily intended to be of benefit, the outcomes are occasionally unpredictable because the cellular stress response is a function of complex factors. This review discusses the role of the host stress response as a convergent point for COVID-19 and several non-communicable diseases. We further discuss the merits of targeting the host stress response to manage the clinical outcomes of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Caillet
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Victor Muleya
- Department of Biochemistry, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - Addmore Shonhai
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Tawanda Zininga
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Tawanda Zininga,
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Chinnaraj M, Flaumenhaft R, Pozzi N. Reduction of protein disulfide isomerase results in open conformations and stimulates dynamic exchange between structural ensembles. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102217. [PMID: 35780832 PMCID: PMC9352907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is an essential redox-regulated enzyme required for oxidative protein folding. It comprises four thioredoxin domains, two catalytically active (a, a’) and two inactive (b, b’), organized to form a flexible abb’a’ U-shape. Snapshots of unbound oxidized and reduced PDI have been obtained by X-ray crystallography. Yet, how PDI’s structure changes in response to the redox environment and inhibitor binding remains controversial. Here, we used multiparameter confocal single-molecule FRET to track the movements of the two catalytic domains with high temporal resolution. We found that at equilibrium, PDI visits three structurally distinct conformational ensembles, two “open” (O1 and O2) and one “closed” (C). We show that the redox environment dictates the time spent in each ensemble and the rate at which they exchange. While oxidized PDI samples O1, O2, and C more evenly and in a slower fashion, reduced PDI predominantly populates O1 and O2 and exchanges between them more rapidly, on the submillisecond timescale. These findings were not expected based on crystallographic data. Using mutational analyses, we further demonstrate that the R300-W396 cation-π interaction and active site cysteines dictate, in unexpected ways, how the catalytic domains relocate. Finally, we show that irreversible inhibitors targeting the active sites of reduced PDI did not abolish these protein dynamics but rather shifted the equilibrium toward the closed ensemble. This work introduces a new structural framework that challenges current views of PDI dynamics, helps rationalize its multifaceted role in biology, and should be considered when designing PDI-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathivanan Chinnaraj
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Robert Flaumenhaft
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
| | - Nicola Pozzi
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
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Emerging roles of endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis in brain development. Cells Dev 2022; 170:203781. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2022.203781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Critical roles of protein disulfide isomerases in balancing proteostasis in the nervous system. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102087. [PMID: 35654139 PMCID: PMC9253707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) constitute a family of oxidoreductases promoting redox protein folding and quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum. PDIs catalyze disulfide bond formation, isomerization, and reduction, operating in concert with molecular chaperones to fold secretory cargoes in addition to directing misfolded proteins to be refolded or degraded. Importantly, PDIs are emerging as key components of the proteostasis network, integrating protein folding status with central surveillance mechanisms to balance proteome stability according to cellular needs. Recent advances in the field driven by the generation of new mouse models, human genetic studies, and omics methodologies, in addition to interventions using small molecules and gene therapy, have revealed the significance of PDIs to the physiology of the nervous system. PDIs are also implicated in diverse pathologies, ranging from neurodevelopmental conditions to neurodegenerative diseases and traumatic injuries. Here, we review the principles of redox protein folding in the ER with a focus on current evidence linking genetic mutations and biochemical alterations to PDIs in the etiology of neurological conditions.
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Cui X, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Xiang M. ROS and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Pulmonary Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:879204. [PMID: 35559240 PMCID: PMC9086276 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.879204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary diseases are main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current studies show that though specific pulmonary diseases and correlative lung-metabolic deviance own unique pathophysiology and clinical manifestations, they always tend to exhibit common characteristics including reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling and disruptions of proteostasis bringing about accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER is generated by the unfolded protein response. When the adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR) fails to preserve ER homeostasis, a maladaptive or terminal UPR is engaged, leading to the disruption of ER integrity and to apoptosis, which is called ER stress. The ER stress mainly includes the accumulation of misfolded and unfolded proteins in lumen and the disorder of Ca2+ balance. ROS mediates several critical aspects of the ER stress response. We summarize the latest advances in of the UPR and ER stress in the pathogenesis of pulmonary disease and discuss potential therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring ER proteostasis in pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yingdong Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mi Xiang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Gansemer ER, Rutkowski DT. Pathways Linking Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Production to Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein Oxidation and Stress. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:858142. [PMID: 35601828 PMCID: PMC9114485 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.858142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen is highly oxidizing compared to other subcellular compartments, and maintaining the appropriate levels of oxidizing and reducing equivalents is essential to ER function. Both protein oxidation itself and other essential ER processes, such as the degradation of misfolded proteins and the sequestration of cellular calcium, are tuned to the ER redox state. Simultaneously, nutrients are oxidized in the cytosol and mitochondria to power ATP generation, reductive biosynthesis, and defense against reactive oxygen species. These parallel needs for protein oxidation in the ER and nutrient oxidation in the cytosol and mitochondria raise the possibility that the two processes compete for electron acceptors, even though they occur in separate cellular compartments. A key molecule central to both processes is NADPH, which is produced by reduction of NADP+ during nutrient catabolism and which in turn drives the reduction of components such as glutathione and thioredoxin that influence the redox potential in the ER lumen. For this reason, NADPH might serve as a mediator linking metabolic activity to ER homeostasis and stress, and represent a novel form of mitochondria-to-ER communication. In this review, we discuss oxidative protein folding in the ER, NADPH generation by the major pathways that mediate it, and ER-localized systems that can link the two processes to connect ER function to metabolic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica R. Gansemer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - D. Thomas Rutkowski
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Zhao Z, Sun X, Liu N, Cheng J, Wang C, Guo M. Comparative analysis of caseins in Saanen goat milk from 3 different regions of China using quantitative proteomics. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:5587-5599. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Liao X, Zhuang X, Liang C, Li J, Flaumenhaft R, Yuan C, Huang M. Flavonoids as Protein Disulfide Isomerase Inhibitors: Key Molecular and Structural Features for the Interaction. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4475-4483. [PMID: 35377153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin-3-rutinoside (rutin) is a bioflavonoid that is common in foods. The finding that quercetin-3-rutinoside inhibits protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and potently blocks thrombosis in vivo has enabled the evaluation of PDI inhibition in multiple animal models of thrombus formation and has prompted clinical studies of PDI inhibition in thrombosis. Nonetheless, how quercetin-3-rutinoside blocks PDI activity remains an unanswered question. Combining NMR spectroscopy, site-directed mutagenesis, and biological assays, we identified H256 as the key residue for PDI interacting with quercetin-3-rutinoside. Quercetin-3-rutinoside inhibited the activity of PDI (WT) but not PDI (H256A). Molecular dynamic simulations indicated that the flavonoid skeleton, but not the rutinoside conjugate, is embedded in the major binding pocket on the b' domain. Among several quercetin-3-rutinoside analogues tested, only compounds with a phenoxyl group at position 7 showed direct binding to PDI, further supporting our molecular model. Studies using purified coagulation factors showed that quercetin-3-rutinoside inhibited the augmenting effects of PDI (WT), but not PDI (H256A), on tissue factor (TF) activity. Quercetin-3-rutinoside also inhibited chemotherapy-induced TF activity enhancement on endothelial cells. Together, our studies show that residue H256 in PDI and the phenoxyl group at position 7 in quercetin-3-rutinoside are essential for inhibition of PDI by quercetin-3-rutinoside. These results provide new insight into the molecular mechanism by which flavonoids block PDI activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Liao
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Xingxing Zhuang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Chenghui Liang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Jinyu Li
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Robert Flaumenhaft
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Cai Yuan
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Mingdong Huang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
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Zhao Z, Mousa R, Metanis N. One-Pot Chemical Protein Synthesis Utilizing Fmoc-Masked Selenazolidine to Address the Redox Functionality of Human Selenoprotein F. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200279. [PMID: 35112407 PMCID: PMC9304195 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human SELENOF is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) selenoprotein that contains the redox active motif CXU (C is cysteine and U is selenocysteine), resembling the redox motif of thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases (CXXC). Like other selenoproteins, the challenge in accessing SELENOF has somewhat limited its full biological characterization thus far. Here we present the one-pot chemical synthesis of the thioredoxin-like domain of SELENOF, highlighted by the use of Fmoc-protected selenazolidine, native chemical ligations and deselenization reactions. The redox potential of the CXU motif, together with insulin turbidimetric assay suggested that SELENOF may catalyze the reduction of disulfides in misfolded proteins. Furthermore, we demonstrate that SELENOF is not a protein disulfide isomerase (PDI)-like enzyme, as it did not enhance the folding of the two protein models; bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor and hirudin. These studies suggest that SELENOF may be responsible for reducing the non-native disulfide bonds of misfolded glycoproteins as part of the quality control system in the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguang Zhao
- Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem9190401Israel
| | - Reem Mousa
- Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem9190401Israel
| | - Norman Metanis
- Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem9190401Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and NanotechnologyThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem9190401Israel
- Casali Center for Applied ChemistryThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem9190401Israel
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Yu DS, Outram MA, Crean E, Smith A, Sung YC, Darma R, Sun X, Ma L, Jones DA, Solomon PS, Williams SJ. Optimized Production of Disulfide-Bonded Fungal Effectors in Escherichia coli Using CyDisCo and FunCyDisCo Coexpression Approaches. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:109-118. [PMID: 34672679 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-08-21-0218-ta] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Effectors are a key part of the arsenal of plant-pathogenic fungi and promote pathogen virulence and disease. Effectors typically lack sequence similarity to proteins with known functional domains and motifs, limiting our ability to predict their functions and understand how they are recognized by plant hosts. As a result, cross-disciplinary approaches involving structural biology and protein biochemistry are often required to decipher and better characterize effector function. These approaches are reliant on high yields of relatively pure protein, which often requires protein production using a heterologous expression system. For some effectors, establishing an efficient production system can be difficult, particularly those that require multiple disulfide bonds to achieve their naturally folded structure. Here, we describe the use of a coexpression system within the heterologous host Escherichia coli, termed CyDisCo (cytoplasmic disulfide bond formation in E. coli) to produce disulfide bonded fungal effectors. We demonstrate that CyDisCo and a naturalized coexpression approach termed FunCyDisCo (Fungi CyDisCo) can significantly improve the production yields of numerous disulfide-bonded effectors from diverse fungal pathogens. The ability to produce large quantities of functional recombinant protein has facilitated functional studies and crystallization of several of these reported fungal effectors. We suggest this approach could be broadly useful in the investigation of the function and recognition of a broad range of disulfide bond-containing effectors.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Yu
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Megan A Outram
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Emma Crean
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Ashley Smith
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yi-Chang Sung
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Reynaldi Darma
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Xizhe Sun
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding, China
| | - Lisong Ma
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - David A Jones
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Peter S Solomon
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Simon J Williams
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Zhou Y, Fan F, Han Y, Lu D. Arabidopsis PDI11 interacts with lectin molecular chaperons calreticulin 1 and 2 through its D domain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 588:55-60. [PMID: 34952470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is equipped with protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs), molecular chaperons, and other folding enzymes to ensure that newly synthesized proteins in the ER are properly folded. Molecular chaperons and PDIs can form complex to promote protein folding in the ER of mammalian cells. In plants, many PDIs associate with each other and function cooperatively in oxidative protein folding. As a plant unique protein disulfide isomerase, Arabidopsis thaliana PDI11 (AtPDI11) demonstrates oxidative protein folding activities and works synergistically with AtPDI2/5. However, whether AtPDI11 associates with molecular chaperons or AtPDIs in catalyzing disulfide formation remained unknown. Here, we find that AtPDI11 interacts with ER resident lectin chaperones calreticulin 1 (CRT1) and CRT2. Furthermore, the D domain, but not the a or a' domain of AtPDI11 provides the biding sites for its interaction with CRT1/2. Moreover, the P domain of CRT1 is responsible for its interaction with AtPDI11. Our work implies that Arabidopsis CRT1/2 may specifically recruit AtPDI11 to assist the folding of glycoproteins in the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fenggui Fan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education & College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Yongfeng Han
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Dongping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050021, China.
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Berlansky S, Sallinger M, Grabmayr H, Humer C, Bernhard A, Fahrner M, Frischauf I. Calcium Signals during SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Assessing the Potential of Emerging Therapies. Cells 2022; 11:253. [PMID: 35053369 PMCID: PMC8773957 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This respiratory illness was declared a pandemic by the world health organization (WHO) in March 2020, just a few weeks after being described for the first time. Since then, global research effort has considerably increased humanity's knowledge about both viruses and disease. It has also spawned several vaccines that have proven to be key tools in attenuating the spread of the pandemic and severity of COVID-19. However, with vaccine-related skepticism being on the rise, as well as breakthrough infections in the vaccinated population and the threat of a complete immune escape variant, alternative strategies in the fight against SARS-CoV-2 are urgently required. Calcium signals have long been known to play an essential role in infection with diverse viruses and thus constitute a promising avenue for further research on therapeutic strategies. In this review, we introduce the pivotal role of calcium signaling in viral infection cascades. Based on this, we discuss prospective calcium-related treatment targets and strategies for the cure of COVID-19 that exploit viral dependence on calcium signals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marc Fahrner
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstrasse 40, 4020 Linz, Austria; (S.B.); (M.S.); (H.G.); (C.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Irene Frischauf
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstrasse 40, 4020 Linz, Austria; (S.B.); (M.S.); (H.G.); (C.H.); (A.B.)
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Ma Z, Tan Y, Qu B, Gao Z, Zhang S. Identification of amphioxus protein disulfide isomerase as both an enzyme and an immunocompotent factor. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:104238. [PMID: 34428528 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), a member of the thioredoxin (TRX) superfamily, are broadly associated with immune responses in a variety of animals. However, it remains largely unknown about the direct roles of PDIs during a bacterial infection. In this study, we identified the presence of a single pdi gene in the amphioxus Branchiostoma japonicum, Bjpdi. The deduced protein BjPDI is structurally characterized by the presence of four Trx-like domains in the order of a, b, b' and a' and a short acidic C-terminal tail, that are characteristic of PDIs. We demonstrated that rBjPDI displayed both thiol reductase and disulfide bond isomerase activities, indicating comparability of BjPDI with PDIs in term of enzymatic activities. We also showed that rBjPDI induced bacterial agglutination and exhibited a lectin-like activity capable of binding both bacteria (E. coli and S. aureus) and their signature molecules LPS and LTA. Furthermore, BjPDI could kill S. aureus via inducing membrane depolarization and intracellular ROS production in vitro, and treatment of amphioxus with a blocking anti-PDI antibody in vivo markedly reduced the survival rate of amphioxus following attack by S. aureus. Collectively, our study demonstrates that amphioxus protein disulfide isomerase acts as both an enzyme and an immunocompotent factor, and reports the specific function and mode of action of PDIs in immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyu Ma
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Yunxia Tan
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Baozhen Qu
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhan Gao
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Shicui Zhang
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Rellmann Y, Eidhof E, Hansen U, Fleischhauer L, Vogel J, Clausen-Schaumann H, Aszodi A, Dreier R. ER Stress in ERp57 Knockout Knee Joint Chondrocytes Induces Osteoarthritic Cartilage Degradation and Osteophyte Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010182. [PMID: 35008608 PMCID: PMC8745280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing or obesity are risk factors for protein aggregation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of chondrocytes. This condition is called ER stress and leads to induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR), which, depending on the stress level, restores normal cell function or initiates apoptotic cell death. Here the role of ER stress in knee osteoarthritis (OA) was evaluated. It was first tested in vitro and in vivo whether a knockout (KO) of the protein disulfide isomerase ERp57 in chondrocytes induces sufficient ER stress for such analyses. ER stress in ERp57 KO chondrocytes was confirmed by immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy. Knee joints of wildtype (WT) and cartilage-specific ERp57 KO mice (ERp57 cKO) were analyzed by indentation-type atomic force microscopy (IT-AFM), toluidine blue, and immunofluorescence/-histochemical staining. Apoptotic cell death was investigated by a TUNEL assay. Additionally, OA was induced via forced exercise on a treadmill. ER stress in chondrocytes resulted in a reduced compressive stiffness of knee cartilage. With ER stress, 18-month-old mice developed osteoarthritic cartilage degeneration with osteophyte formation in knee joints. These degenerative changes were preceded by apoptotic death in articular chondrocytes. Young mice were not susceptible to OA, even when subjected to forced exercise. This study demonstrates that ER stress induces the development of age-related knee osteoarthritis owing to a decreased protective function of the UPR in chondrocytes with increasing age, while apoptosis increases. Therefore, inhibition of ER stress appears to be an attractive therapeutic target for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Rellmann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (Y.R.); (E.E.)
| | - Elco Eidhof
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (Y.R.); (E.E.)
| | - Uwe Hansen
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D3, 48149 Muenster, Germany;
| | - Lutz Fleischhauer
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine-CANTER, Munich University of Applied Sciences, 80335 Munich, Germany; (L.F.); (J.V.); (H.C.-S.)
- Center for Nanoscience-CeNS, 80335 Munich, Germany
- Department for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80335 Munich, Germany;
| | - Jonas Vogel
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine-CANTER, Munich University of Applied Sciences, 80335 Munich, Germany; (L.F.); (J.V.); (H.C.-S.)
- Center for Nanoscience-CeNS, 80335 Munich, Germany
| | - Hauke Clausen-Schaumann
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine-CANTER, Munich University of Applied Sciences, 80335 Munich, Germany; (L.F.); (J.V.); (H.C.-S.)
- Center for Nanoscience-CeNS, 80335 Munich, Germany
| | - Attila Aszodi
- Department for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80335 Munich, Germany;
| | - Rita Dreier
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (Y.R.); (E.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-251-8355573
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Fahmi A, Brügger M, Démoulins T, Zumkehr B, Oliveira Esteves BI, Bracher L, Wotzkow C, Blank F, Thiel V, Baud D, Alves MP. SARS-CoV-2 can infect and propagate in human placenta explants. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100456. [PMID: 34751258 PMCID: PMC8566476 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues to lead to high morbidity and mortality. During pregnancy, severe maternal and neonatal outcomes and placental pathological changes have been described. We evaluate SARS-CoV-2 infection at the maternal-fetal interface using precision-cut slices (PCSs) of human placenta. Remarkably, exposure of placenta PCSs to SARS-CoV-2 leads to a full replication cycle with infectious virus release. Moreover, the susceptibility of placental tissue to SARS-CoV-2 replication relates to the expression levels of ACE2. Viral proteins and/or viral RNA are detected in syncytiotrophoblasts, cytotrophoblasts, villous stroma, and possibly Hofbauer cells. While SARS-CoV-2 infection of placenta PCSs does not cause a detectable cytotoxicity or a pro-inflammatory cytokine response, an upregulation of one order of magnitude of interferon type III transcripts is measured. In conclusion, our data demonstrate the capacity of SARS-CoV-2 to infect and propagate in human placenta and constitute a basis for further investigation of SARS-CoV-2 biology at the maternal-fetal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Fahmi
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Brügger
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Démoulins
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Zumkehr
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Blandina I. Oliveira Esteves
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lisamaria Bracher
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Wotzkow
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Blank
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Volker Thiel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Baud
- Materno-Fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department “Femme-Mere-Enfant,” Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco P. Alves
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Mun H, Townley HE. Mechanism of Action of the Sesquiterpene Compound Helenalin in Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121258. [PMID: 34959659 PMCID: PMC8703838 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most frequent soft tissue sarcoma in paediatric patients. Relapsed or refractory RMS shows very low 5-year survival rates, which urgently necessitates new chemotherapy agents. Herein, the sesquiterpene lactone, helenalin, was investigated as a new potential therapeutic agent against the embryonal RMS (eRMS) and alveolar RMS (aRMS) cells. We have evaluated in vitro antiproliferative efficacy of helenalin on RMS cells by the MTT and wound healing assay, and estimated several cell death pathways by flow cytometry, confocal microscopy and immunoblotting. It was shown that helenalin was able to increase reactive oxygen species levels, decrease mitochondrial membrane potential, trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress and deactivate the NF-κB pathway. Confirmation was obtained through the use of antagonistic compounds which alleviated the effects of helenalin in the corresponding pathways. Our findings demonstrate that oxidative stress is the pivotal mechanism of action of helenalin in promoting RMS cell death in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakmin Mun
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
| | - Helen Elizabeth Townley
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-01865283792
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Garus A, Autexier C. Dyskerin: an essential pseudouridine synthase with multifaceted roles in ribosome biogenesis, splicing, and telomere maintenance. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 27:1441-1458. [PMID: 34556550 PMCID: PMC8594475 DOI: 10.1261/rna.078953.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Dyskerin and its homologs are ancient and conserved enzymes that catalyze the most common post-transcriptional modification found in cells, pseudouridylation. The resulting pseudouridines provide stability to RNA molecules and regulate ribosome biogenesis and splicing events. Dyskerin does not act independently-it is the core component of a protein heterotetramer, which associates with RNAs that contain the H/ACA motif. The variety of H/ACA RNAs that guide the function of this ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex highlights the diversity of cellular processes in which dyskerin participates. When associated with small nucleolar (sno) RNAs, it regulates ribosomal (r) RNAs and ribosome biogenesis. By interacting with small Cajal body (sca) RNAs, it targets small nuclear (sn) RNAs to regulate pre-mRNA splicing. As a component of the telomerase holoenzyme, dyskerin binds to the telomerase RNA to modulate telomere maintenance. In a disease context, dyskerin malfunction can result in multiple detrimental phenotypes. Mutations in DKC1, the gene that encodes dyskerin, cause the premature aging syndrome X-linked dyskeratosis congenita (X-DC), a still incurable disorder that typically leads to bone marrow failure. In this review, we present the classical and most recent findings on this essential protein, discussing the evolutionary, structural, and functional aspects of dyskerin and the H/ACA RNP. The latest research underscores the role that dyskerin plays in the regulation of gene expression, translation efficiency, and telomere maintenance, along with the impacts that defective dyskerin has on aging, cell proliferation, haematopoietic potential, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Garus
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C7, Canada
- Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Chantal Autexier
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C7, Canada
- Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1E2, Canada
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Yamashita R, Fujii S, Ushioda R, Nagata K. Ca 2+ imbalance caused by ERdj5 deletion affects mitochondrial fragmentation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20772. [PMID: 34728782 PMCID: PMC8563984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99980-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the organelle responsible for the folding of secretory/membrane proteins and acts as a dynamic calcium ion (Ca2+) store involved in various cellular signalling pathways. Previously, we reported that the ER-resident disulfide reductase ERdj5 is involved in the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) of misfolded proteins in the ER and the activation of SERCA2b, a Ca2+ pump on the ER membrane. These results highlighted the importance of the regulation of redox activity in both Ca2+ and protein homeostasis in the ER. Here, we show that the deletion of ERdj5 causes an imbalance in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, the activation of Drp1, a cytosolic GTPase involved in mitochondrial fission, and finally the aberrant fragmentation of mitochondria, which affects cell viability as well as phenotype with features of cellular senescence. Thus, ERdj5-mediated regulation of intracellular Ca2+ is essential for the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis involved in cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyuji Yamashita
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan
| | - Shohei Fujii
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan
| | - Ryo Ushioda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan. .,Institute for Protein Dynamics, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, 605-8555, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Nagata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan. .,Institute for Protein Dynamics, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, 605-8555, Japan. .,JT Biohistory Research Hall, Murasaki Town 1-1, Takatsuki City, Osaka, 569-1125, Japan.
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Vascular thiol isomerases: Structures, regulatory mechanisms, and inhibitor development. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:626-635. [PMID: 34757205 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vascular thiol isomerases (VTIs), including PDI, ERp5, ERp57, ERp72, and thioredoxin-related transmembrane protein 1 (TMX1), have important roles in platelet aggregation and thrombosis. Research on VTIs, their substrates in thrombosis, their regulatory mechanisms, and inhibitor development is an emerging and rapidly evolving area in vascular biology. Here, we describe the structures and functions of VTIs, summarize the relationship between the vascular TIs and thrombosis, and focus on the development of VTI inhibitors for antithrombotic applications.
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Wang G, Xie M, Wu W, Chen Z. Structures and Functional Diversities of ASFV Proteins. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112124. [PMID: 34834930 PMCID: PMC8619059 DOI: 10.3390/v13112124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV), the causative pathogen of the recent ASF epidemic, is a highly contagious double-stranded DNA virus. Its genome is in the range of 170~193 kbp and encodes 68 structural proteins and over 100 non-structural proteins. Its high pathogenicity strains cause nearly 100% mortality in swine. Consisting of four layers of protein shells and an inner genome, its structure is obviously more complicated than many other viruses, and its multi-layered structures play different kinds of roles in ASFV replication and survival. Each layer possesses many proteins, but very few of the proteins have been investigated at a structural level. Here, we concluded all the ASFV proteins whose structures were unveiled, and explained their functions from the view of structures. Those structures include ASFV AP endonuclease, dUTPases (E165R), pS273R protease, core shell proteins p15 and p35, non-structural proteins pA151R, pNP868R (RNA guanylyltransferase), major capsid protein p72 (gene B646L), Bcl-2-like protein A179L, histone-like protein pA104R, sulfhydryl oxidase pB119L, polymerase X and ligase. These novel structural features, diverse functions, and complex molecular mechanisms promote ASFV to escape the host immune system easily and make this large virus difficult to control.
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A point mutation in the Pdia6 gene results in loss of pancreatic β-cell identity causing overt diabetes. Mol Metab 2021; 54:101334. [PMID: 34487921 PMCID: PMC8515296 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) are oxidoreductases that are involved in catalyzing the formation and rearrangement of disulfide bonds during protein folding. One of the PDI members is the PDI-associated 6 (PDIA6) protein, which has been shown to play a vital role in β-cell dysfunction and diabetes. However, very little is known about the function of this protein in β-cells in vivo. This study aimed to describe the consequences of a point mutation in Pdia6 on β-cell development and function. METHODS We generated an ENU mouse model carrying a missense mutation (Phe175Ser) in the second thioredoxin domain of the Pdia6 gene. Using biochemical and molecular tools, we determined the effects of the mutation on the β-cell development at embryonic day (E)18.5 and β-cell identity as well as function at postnatal stages. RESULTS Mice homozygous for the Phe175Ser (F175S) mutation were mildly hyperglycemic at weaning and subsequently became hypoinsulinemic and overtly diabetic at the adult stage. Although no developmental phenotype was detected during embryogenesis, mutant mice displayed reduced insulin-expressing β-cells at P14 and P21 without any changes in the rate of cell death and proliferation. Further analysis revealed an increase in BiP and the PDI family member PDIA4, but without any concomitant apoptosis and cell death. Instead, the expression of prominent markers of β-cell maturation and function, such as Ins2, Mafa, and Slc2a2, along with increased expression of α-cell markers, Mafb, and glucagon was observed in adult mice, suggesting loss of β-cell identity. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that a global Pdia6 mutation renders mice hypoinsulinemic and hyperglycemic. This occurs due to the loss of pancreatic β-cell function and identity, suggesting a critical role of PDIA6 specifically for β-cells.
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Mahmood F, Xu R, Awan MUN, Song Y, Han Q, Xia X, Zhang J. PDIA3: Structure, functions and its potential role in viral infections. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112110. [PMID: 34474345 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The catalysis of disulphide (SS) bonds is the most important characteristic of protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) family. Catalysis occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum, which contains many proteins, most of which are secretory in nature and that have at least one s-s bond. Protein disulphide isomerase A3 (PDIA3) is a member of the PDI family that acts as a chaperone. PDIA3 is highly expressed in response to cellular stress, and also intercept the apoptotic cellular death related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and protein misfolding. PDIA3 expression is elevated in almost 70% of cancers and its expression has been linked with overall low cell invasiveness, survival and metastasis. Viral diseases present a significant public health threat. The presence of PDIA3 on the cell surface helps different viruses to enter the cells and also helps in replication. Therefore, inhibitors of PDIA3 have great potential to interfere with viral infections. In this review, we summarize what is known about the basic structure, functions and role of PDIA3 in viral infections. The review will inspire studies of pathogenic mechanisms and drug targeting to counter viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Mahmood
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ruixian Xu
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Maher Un Nisa Awan
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuzhu Song
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qinqin Han
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Jinyang Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China.
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Ogura J, Sugiura H, Tanaka A, Ono S, Sato T, Sato T, Maekawa M, Yamaguchi H, Mano N. Glucose-induced oxidative stress leads to in S-nitrosylation of protein disulfide isomerase in neuroblastoma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129998. [PMID: 34474117 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia places a significant burden on both patients and caregivers. Since diabetes is a risk factor for dementia, it is imperative to identify the relationship between diabetes and cognitive disorders. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is an enzyme for oxidative protein folding. PDI S-nitrosylation is observed in the brain tissues of Alzheimer's disease patients. The aim of this study is to clarify the relationship between PDI S-nitrosylation and diabetes. METHODS We used SH-SY5Y cells cultured in high-glucose media. RESULTS S-nitrosylated PDI level increased at 7 days and remained high till 28 days in SH-SY5Y cells cultured in high-glucose media. Using PDI wild-type- or PDI C343S-expressing SH-SY5Y cells, PDI C343 was identified as the site of glucose-induced S-nitrosylation. IRE1α and PERK were phosphorylated at day 14 in the SH-SY5Y cells cultured in high-glucose media, and the phosphorylated status was maintained to day 28. To determine the effect of S-nitrosylated PDI on endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling, SH-SY5Y cells were treated with S-nitrosocystein (SNOC) for 30 min, following which the medium was replaced with SNOC-free media and the cells were cultured for 24 h. Only phosphorylated IRE1α treated with SNOC was associated with PDI S-nitrosylation. Neohesperidin, a flavonoid in citrus fruits, is a natural antioxidant. The treatment with neohesperidin in the final 7 days of glucose loading reversed PDI S-nitrosylation and improved cell proliferation. CONCLUSION Glucose loading leads to S-nitrosylation of PDI C343 and induces neurodegeneration via IRE1α phosphorylation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The results may be useful for designing curative treatment strategies for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Ogura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Sugiura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Shinji Ono
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Maekawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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50
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Dual topology of co-chaperones at the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:203. [PMID: 34354047 PMCID: PMC8342575 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00594-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual topologies of proteins at the ER membrane are known for a variety of proteins allowing the same protein to exert different functions according to the topology adopted. A dual topology of the co-chaperone ERdj4, which resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), was proposed recently, a thesis that we found to align all published data and existing controversies into one whole picture. The aim of this review is to reassess all primary data available in the literature on ER-resident Hsp40 co-chaperones with respect to their topology. After careful and critical analyses of all experimental data published so far, we identified, next to ERdj4, two other co-chaperones, ERdj3 and ERdj6, that also display features of a dual topology at the ER membrane. We assume that during cellular stress subpools of some ER-resident J protein can alter their topology so that these proteins can exert different functions in order to adapt to cellular stress.
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