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Jäger R, Abou Sawan S, Purpura M, Grube B, Röske Y, De Costa P, Chong PW. Proprietary alpha-amylase inhibitor formulation from white kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) promotes weight and fat loss: a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12685. [PMID: 38830962 PMCID: PMC11148185 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63443-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
White kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) extracts can aid weight management by reducing calorie intake from complex carbohydrates through alpha-amylase inhibition. We examined the impact of a proprietary aqueous extract from whole dried white kidney beans standardized by its alpha-amylase inhibitor activity (Phase 2 white kidney bean extract (WKBE)) on weight management in subjects with overweight and moderate obesity. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled fashion, 81 participants completed the study and ingested either a high dose of Phase 2 (1000 mg, WKBE HIGH), a low dose (700 mg, WKBE LOW), or a matching placebo (microcrystalline cellulose, PLA) three times a day, 30 min before meals, for 12 weeks during a calorie restricted diet. In a dose-dependent manner, Phase 2 significantly reduced body weight, fat mass, BMI, waist, hip and in the WKBE HIGH group thigh circumference. Phase 2 is an effective and safe supplement aiding weight and fat loss. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02930668.
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Thanglen H, Zimik U, Thanglen R, Pemmichon RM, Chanak M, Bose K. Anthropometric markers and their cut-off point for the prediction of hypertension with lifestyle as a risk factor among Chiru tribe of North East India. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2024; 29:505-522. [PMID: 38627237 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2024.2342326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increased prevalence of obesity, particularly central obesity, is closely associated with many metabolic complexions, including hypertension and diabetes. OBJECTIVES The present study investigates the cut-off points of some anthropometric measurements such as body mass index [BMI (kg/m2)], waist circumference [WC (cm)], waist-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-height ratio (WHtR) associated with high blood pressure. It determines the risk factors among the Chiru tribe of North East India. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted in four villages in the hilly districts of Manipur. For the present study, 416 Chiru adults (209 males and 207 females) aged 20-79 years were included. Anthropometrics and blood pressure were measured using standard procedures. Statistical methods such as chi-square, Pearson correlation, and multivariate logistic regression were employed. RESULTS The result indicates that the cut-off values to detect hypertension were 21.83 for BMI, 82.55 for WC, 0.92 for WHR, and 0.53 for WHtR. However, the cut-off values to detect hypertension in females were 23.92 for BMI, 86.48 for WC, 0.94 for WHR, and 0.55 for WHtR. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that hypertension was an independently associated risk factor in both males and females with an age ≥ 50 years (OR = 18.52 and 10.12), physical activity (OR = 0.10 and 0.21), salt intake (OR = 7.81 and 3.36), and smoking (OR = 2.56 and 3.23), respectively. CONCLUSION It has been concluded that BMI, WC, WHR, and WHtR values can determine hypertension risk in the Chiru population. Age, smoking, physical activity, and salt intake were independent risk factors associated with high blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosea Thanglen
- Department of Anthropology, Rajiv Gandhi University, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Urapam Zimik
- Department of Anthropology, Kamakhya Pemton College, Manipur, India
| | | | - R M Pemmichon
- Department of Anthropology, Manipur University, Manipur, India
| | - Mahua Chanak
- Department of Anthropology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, India
| | - Kaushik Bose
- Department of Anthropology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, India
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Lee HJ, Choi JW. Association between waist circumference change after smoking cessation and incidence of hypertension in Korean adults. Public Health 2024; 229:73-79. [PMID: 38402666 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates the association between smoking cessation and hypertension incidence, as well as the association between waist circumference change after smoking cessation and hypertension incidence. STUDY DESIGN This was a nationwide population-based cohort study. METHODS We used the Korean Health Screening Cohort data and included 158,505 participants who had undergone two or more health examinations between 2008 and 2011, with follow-ups throughout 2019. Smoking cessation and waist changes were captured based on difference between first and follow-up screening dates. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for hypertension risk were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models. RESULTS There were 31,270 cases of hypertension during a median follow-up of 8.50 years. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, HR for hypertension were 1.01 (95% CI: 0.97-1.05), 0.91 (95% CI: 0.87-0.95), and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.85-0.91) for recent quitters, long-term quitters, and non-smokers, respectively, compared with current smokers. HR for hypertension, compared with current smokers, were 0.89 (95% CI: 0.84-0.94), 0.91 (95% CI: 0.85-0.97), and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.91-1.08) for long-term quitters with no waist gain, long-term quitters with waist gain of 0.1-5.0 cm, and long-term quitters with waist gain of ≥5.0 cm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Long-term smoking cessation was significantly associated with decreased risk of hypertension, and long-term smoking cessation with no waist gain or less than 5.0 cm of waist gain was significantly associated with decreased risk of hypertension. However, more than 5.0 cm of waist gain can attenuate the effect of long-term smoking cessation on lowering the risk of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Lee
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J W Choi
- Health Insurance Research Institute, National Health Insurance Service, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
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Su Y, Sun JY, Su ZY, Sun W. Revisiting Waist Circumference: A Hypertension Risk Factor that Requires a More In-depth Understanding. Curr Cardiol Rev 2024; 20:77-85. [PMID: 38544391 PMCID: PMC11327828 DOI: 10.2174/011573403x290574240322041356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
As a major cause of various cardiovascular diseases, the prevalence of hypertension has been increasing in the past 30 years, leading to significant socioeconomic and health burdens. Obesity is one of the major risk factors for hypertension. Body mass index (BMI) is the most used anthropometric index to measure obesity in clinical practice and to assess the risk of obesity-related diseases. However, obesity is a heterogeneous disease, and the accumulation of fat in different body regions leads to differences in cardiovascular and metabolic risks. BMI only reflects the overall obesity but does not consider the distribution of fat and muscle mass. The limitation of BMI makes it insufficient to assess the risk of hypertension attributed to obesity. In addition, waist circumference is an easily obtainable anthropometric index to evaluate abdominal fat distribution. High waist circumference is an independent risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality regardless of BMI. Preliminary data indicate that waist circumference is significantly associated with the risk of hypertension at different BMI levels. However, routine measurement of waist circumference is currently not required in current clinical guidelines or is only recommended for obese populations, indicating an insufficient understanding of waist circumference. In this review, we summarize the measurement methods and diagnostic thresholds of waist circumference for abdominal obesity, the trend of central obesity prevalence, the superiority of waist circumference over other anthropometric indices, and recent cross-sectional and longitudinal studies on the association between obesity and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Su
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jin-Yu Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zhen-Yang Su
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
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Wang Y, Ye C, Kong L, Zheng J, Xu M, Xu Y, Li M, Zhao Z, Lu J, Chen Y, Wang W, Ning G, Bi Y, Wang T. Independent Associations of Education, Intelligence, and Cognition With Hypertension and the Mediating Effects of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Hypertension 2023; 80:192-203. [PMID: 36353998 PMCID: PMC9722390 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.20286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Education, intelligence, and cognition are associated with hypertension, but which one plays the most prominent role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and which modifiable risk factors mediate the causal effects remains unknown. METHODS Using summary statistics of genome-wide association studies of predominantly European ancestry, we conducted 2-sample multivariable Mendelian randomization to estimate the independent effects of education, intelligence, or cognition on hypertension (FinnGen study, 70 651 cases/223 663 controls; UK Biobank, 77 723 cases/330 366 controls) and blood pressure (International Consortium of Blood Pressure, 757 601 participants), and used 2-step Mendelian randomization to evaluate 25 potential mediators of the association and calculate the mediated proportions. RESULTS Meta-analysis of inverse variance weighted Mendelian randomization results from FinnGen and UK Biobank showed that genetically predicted 1-SD (4.2 years) higher education was associated with 44% (95% CI: 0.40-0.79) decreased hypertension risk and 1.682 mm Hg lower systolic and 0.898 mm Hg lower diastolic blood pressure, independently of intelligence and cognition. While the causal effects of intelligence and cognition on hypertension were not independent of education; 6 out of 25 cardiometabolic risk factors were identified as mediators of the association between education and hypertension, ranked by mediated proportions, including body mass index (mediated proportion: 30.1%), waist-to-hip ratio (22.8%), body fat percentage (14.1%), major depression (7.0%), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (4.7%), and triglycerides (3.4%). These results were robust to sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Our findings illustrated the causal, independent impact of education on hypertension and blood pressure and outlined cardiometabolic mediators as priority targets for prevention of hypertension attributable to low education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (Y.W., C.Y., L.K., J.Z., M.X., Y.X., M.L., Z.Z., J.L., Y.C., W.W., G.N., Y.B., T.W.).,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (Y.W., C.Y., L.K., J.Z., M.X., Y.X., M.L., Z.Z., J.L., Y.C., W.W., G.N., Y.B., T.W.)
| | - Chaojie Ye
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (Y.W., C.Y., L.K., J.Z., M.X., Y.X., M.L., Z.Z., J.L., Y.C., W.W., G.N., Y.B., T.W.).,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (Y.W., C.Y., L.K., J.Z., M.X., Y.X., M.L., Z.Z., J.L., Y.C., W.W., G.N., Y.B., T.W.)
| | - Lijie Kong
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (Y.W., C.Y., L.K., J.Z., M.X., Y.X., M.L., Z.Z., J.L., Y.C., W.W., G.N., Y.B., T.W.).,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (Y.W., C.Y., L.K., J.Z., M.X., Y.X., M.L., Z.Z., J.L., Y.C., W.W., G.N., Y.B., T.W.)
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (Y.W., C.Y., L.K., J.Z., M.X., Y.X., M.L., Z.Z., J.L., Y.C., W.W., G.N., Y.B., T.W.).,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (Y.W., C.Y., L.K., J.Z., M.X., Y.X., M.L., Z.Z., J.L., Y.C., W.W., G.N., Y.B., T.W.).,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (J.Z.)
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (Y.W., C.Y., L.K., J.Z., M.X., Y.X., M.L., Z.Z., J.L., Y.C., W.W., G.N., Y.B., T.W.).,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (Y.W., C.Y., L.K., J.Z., M.X., Y.X., M.L., Z.Z., J.L., Y.C., W.W., G.N., Y.B., T.W.)
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (Y.W., C.Y., L.K., J.Z., M.X., Y.X., M.L., Z.Z., J.L., Y.C., W.W., G.N., Y.B., T.W.).,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (Y.W., C.Y., L.K., J.Z., M.X., Y.X., M.L., Z.Z., J.L., Y.C., W.W., G.N., Y.B., T.W.)
| | - Mian Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (Y.W., C.Y., L.K., J.Z., M.X., Y.X., M.L., Z.Z., J.L., Y.C., W.W., G.N., Y.B., T.W.).,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (Y.W., C.Y., L.K., J.Z., M.X., Y.X., M.L., Z.Z., J.L., Y.C., W.W., G.N., Y.B., T.W.)
| | - Zhiyun Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (Y.W., C.Y., L.K., J.Z., M.X., Y.X., M.L., Z.Z., J.L., Y.C., W.W., G.N., Y.B., T.W.).,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (Y.W., C.Y., L.K., J.Z., M.X., Y.X., M.L., Z.Z., J.L., Y.C., W.W., G.N., Y.B., T.W.)
| | - Jieli Lu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (Y.W., C.Y., L.K., J.Z., M.X., Y.X., M.L., Z.Z., J.L., Y.C., W.W., G.N., Y.B., T.W.).,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (Y.W., C.Y., L.K., J.Z., M.X., Y.X., M.L., Z.Z., J.L., Y.C., W.W., G.N., Y.B., T.W.)
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (Y.W., C.Y., L.K., J.Z., M.X., Y.X., M.L., Z.Z., J.L., Y.C., W.W., G.N., Y.B., T.W.).,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (Y.W., C.Y., L.K., J.Z., M.X., Y.X., M.L., Z.Z., J.L., Y.C., W.W., G.N., Y.B., T.W.)
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (Y.W., C.Y., L.K., J.Z., M.X., Y.X., M.L., Z.Z., J.L., Y.C., W.W., G.N., Y.B., T.W.).,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (Y.W., C.Y., L.K., J.Z., M.X., Y.X., M.L., Z.Z., J.L., Y.C., W.W., G.N., Y.B., T.W.)
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (Y.W., C.Y., L.K., J.Z., M.X., Y.X., M.L., Z.Z., J.L., Y.C., W.W., G.N., Y.B., T.W.).,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (Y.W., C.Y., L.K., J.Z., M.X., Y.X., M.L., Z.Z., J.L., Y.C., W.W., G.N., Y.B., T.W.)
| | - Yufang Bi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (Y.W., C.Y., L.K., J.Z., M.X., Y.X., M.L., Z.Z., J.L., Y.C., W.W., G.N., Y.B., T.W.).,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (Y.W., C.Y., L.K., J.Z., M.X., Y.X., M.L., Z.Z., J.L., Y.C., W.W., G.N., Y.B., T.W.)
| | - Tiange Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (Y.W., C.Y., L.K., J.Z., M.X., Y.X., M.L., Z.Z., J.L., Y.C., W.W., G.N., Y.B., T.W.).,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (Y.W., C.Y., L.K., J.Z., M.X., Y.X., M.L., Z.Z., J.L., Y.C., W.W., G.N., Y.B., T.W.)
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Shrestha R, Upadhyay SK, Khatri B, Bhattarai JR, Kayastha M, Upadhyay MP. BMI, waist to height ratio and waist circumference as a screening tool for hypertension in hospital outpatients: a cross-sectional, non-inferiority study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e050096. [PMID: 34824112 PMCID: PMC8628118 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This non-inferiority study aimed to determine the burden of obesity in a hospital outpatient setting of a developing country, using three commonly employed metrics as predictors of hypertension (HTN). DESIGN A cross-sectional study design was adopted. SETTING This study was conducted in Health Promotion and Risk Factor Screening Services of a tertiary hospital for eye and ear, nose, throat in a semiurban area of Nepal. PARTICIPANTS 2256 randomly selected outpatients between 40 and 69 years old. OUTCOME MEASURES The three obesity metrics and HTN were analysed for association using correlation, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and ORs. RESULTS The prevalence of obesity or overweight by body mass index (BMI) was 58.29%; by waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was 85.95%, high waist circumference (WC) was observed among 66.76% of participants. Female participants had a greater prevalence of high WC (77.46%) than males (53.73%) (p<0.001). Prevalence of HTN and pre-HTN were 40.67% and 36.77%, respectively. The areas under the ROC curve were significantly higher than 0.5 for BMI (0.593), WHtR (0.602) and WC (0.610). CONCLUSION This study showed that WHtR and WC measured were not inferior to BMI as a metric for obesity detection and HTN prediction. Because of its low cost, simplicity of measurement and better ability to predict HTN, it may become a more usable metric in health facilities of low-income and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Shrestha
- Hospital for Children, Eye, ENT and Rehabilitation Services, Academic and Research Department, B P Eye Foundation, Bhaktapur, Bagmati, Nepal
| | - Sanjib Kumar Upadhyay
- Hospital for Children, Eye, ENT and Rehabilitation Services, B P Eye Foundation, Bhaktapur, Nepal
| | - Bijay Khatri
- Hospital for Children, Eye, ENT and Rehabilitation Services, Academic and Research Department, B P Eye Foundation, Bhaktapur, Bagmati, Nepal
| | - Janak Raj Bhattarai
- Hospital for Children, Eye, ENT and Rehabilitation Services, Academic and Research Department, B P Eye Foundation, Bhaktapur, Bagmati, Nepal
| | - Manish Kayastha
- Hospital for Children, Eye, ENT and Rehabilitation Services, Academic and Research Department, B P Eye Foundation, Bhaktapur, Bagmati, Nepal
| | - Madan Prasad Upadhyay
- Hospital for Children, Eye, ENT and Rehabilitation Services, B P Eye Foundation, Bhaktapur, Nepal
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Speer H, D'Cunha NM, Naumovski N, McKune AJ. Sex, Age, BMI, and C-Reactive Protein Impact the Odds of Developing Hypertension-Findings Based on Data From the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Am J Hypertens 2021; 34:1057-1063. [PMID: 34106249 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpab088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases and premature death, therefore determining factors that contribute to such a high burden of disease is critically important. This study examined anthropometric and physical measurements, as well as blood and saliva biomarkers, as predictors for hypertension using datasets from the 2008 Health and Retirement Study. METHODS A total of 2,924 participants (aged 74.84 ± 6.45 years) were included. Binary logistic regression was performed to ascertain the effects of sex, age, telomere length, C-reactive protein (CRP), body mass index (BMI), and additional markers on the odds of developing hypertension. RESULTS Males had 2.3 times the odds (odds ratio (OR) = 2.313, confidence interval (CI) 95% (1.391, 3.845); P = 0.001) of being hypertensive if they were obese, females had 1.7 times the odds (OR = 1.788, CI 95% (1.260, 2.536); P = 0.001) if overweight, and 2.4 times (OR = 2.479, CI 95% (1.693, 3.630); P < 0.001) if obese. Age in females was an independent predictor where every 1-year increase in age was tied to a 5.1% increase in being hypertensive (OR = 1.051, CI 95% (1.027, 1.075); P <0.001), and CRP (>3 mg/l) had 1.4 times the odds (OR = 1.447, CI 95% (1.079, 1.942); P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS This study provides verification for BMI as a predictor for hypertension and proposes age and CRP as predictors for females. Specific sex differences and life stage should be considered when evaluating hypertension risk to improve clinical outcomes and promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollie Speer
- Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Science, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Nathan M D'Cunha
- Faculty of Health, School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Andrew J McKune
- Faculty of Health, School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
- Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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Lee BJ, Yim MH. Comparison of anthropometric and body composition indices in the identification of metabolic risk factors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9931. [PMID: 33976292 PMCID: PMC8113511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89422-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether anthropometric or body composition indices are better indicators of metabolic risk remains unclear. The objectives of this study were to compare the association of metabolic risk factors with anthropometric and body composition indices and to identify the better indicators for risk factors in a large-scale Korean population. In this cross-sectional study, the associations of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) as anthropometric indices and trunk fat mass (TFM), percent trunk fat mass (%TFM), whole-body total fat mass (WBTFM), and percent whole-body total fat mass (%WBTFM) as body composition indices with metabolic risk factors were compared by complex-samples multiple logistic regression models based on complex-sample survey data. In men, WHtR, BMI, and TFM were similarly associated with hypertension. Diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypo-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterolemia tended to be more strongly associated with WHtR and WC than body composition indices. Hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia were more strongly associated with WHtR and %TFM than other indices. In women, hypertension tended to be more strongly associated with WHtR than other indices. TFM, %TFM, and WHtR were similarly associated with hyperlipidemia. Diabetes and hypo-HDL cholesterolemia were more strongly associated with WHtR and WC than body composition indices. Hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia were more strongly associated with WHtR and %TFM than other indices. Among six metabolic risk factors, the validity and utility of the anthropometric indices in identifying risk factors tended to be similar to or better than those of the body composition indices, except for hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in men and hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum Ju Lee
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Deajeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi Hong Yim
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Deajeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea
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Bazílio GS, Guimarães RA, Ribeiro GDMP, Morais FDO, Yamamoto RKR, Bernal RTI, Morais Neto OLD. Prevalence and factors associated with arterial hypertension in adults living in Senador Canedo, Goiás, Brazil: a population-based study, 2016. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:e2019311. [PMID: 33656120 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-49742021000100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate prevalence and factors associated with hypertension in adults in Senador Canedo, Goiás, Brazil, in 2016. METHODS This was cross-sectional survey, with three-stage cluster sampling. A questionnaire was applied and weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure and total cholesterol levels were measured. Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS Hypertension prevalence was 23.6% (95%CI - 19.3;28.6) among the 709 participants. The associated factors were: sedentarism (PR=1.7 - 95%CI% 1.1;2.5); enlarged waist circumference (PR=5.9 - 95%CI 3.6;9.6); hypercholesterolemia (PR=2.6 - 95%CI 1.3;5.2); and age ≥60 years (PR=2.9 - 95%CI 1.3;6.2). CONCLUSION Hypertension prevalence was lower than that described for Brazil as a whole in 2013. Physical inactivity, accumulated abdominal fat and age were factors associated with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Alves Guimarães
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Regina Tomie Ivata Bernal
- Universidade de São Paulo, Núcleo de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas em Nutrição e Saúde, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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10
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Iwundu C, Pang D, Pappas Y. Childhood Maternal School Leaving Age (Level of Education) and Risk Markers of Metabolic Syndrome in Mid-Adulthood: Results from the 1958 British Birth Cohort. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:3761-3771. [PMID: 33116725 PMCID: PMC7573814 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s263332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between childhood maternal level of education (CMLE) and changes in anthropometric and laboratory risk markers of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in mid-adulthood using results from the 1958 British Birth Cohort Study. DESIGN Cohort study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 9376 study samples consisting of subjects that participated in the biomedical survey of the national child development study (NCDS) carried out between 2002 and 2004 were used for the analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Five risk markers of MetS: (i) HDL-cholesterol (ii) triglyceride (iii) blood pressure (BP) including systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) (iv) waist circumference (WC) and (v) glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). METHODS The NCDS or the 1958 British birth cohort data deposited in the UK data service by the centre for longitudinal studies were used for analyses. Ordinary least squares regression was used to determine unit changes in the outcome variables given CMLE. RESULTS The estimates for unadjusted regression analysis of individual risk markers indicated a significant relationship between CMLE and alterations in the five risk markers of MetS (HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, WC, HbA1c, and BP) in midlife. After adjustment for birth and lifestyle characteristics/health behaviours, the relationship between CMLE and the risk markers was attenuated for HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and HbA1c but remained significant for WC 0.70 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.065-1.30, p<0.001) and SBP 1.48 (95% CI 0.48-2.47 p<0.001). CONCLUSION There was a positive association between lower CMLE and the risk of MetS using the NCDS data. Lifestyle characteristics may be influential determinants of MetS risk in mid-adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuma Iwundu
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, UK
| | - Dong Pang
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, UK
| | - Yannis Pappas
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, UK
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11
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Matei Ș, Cutler SJ, Preda M, Dorobanțu M, Ilinca C, Gheorghe-Fronea O, Rădulescu L, Oprescu N, Deaconu A, Zorilă C, Dorobanțu B. The Relationship Between Psychosocial Status and Hypertensive Condition. Curr Hypertens Rep 2018; 20:102. [DOI: 10.1007/s11906-018-0902-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Thomas R, Burger R, Hauck K. Richer, wiser and in better health? The socioeconomic gradient in hypertension prevalence, unawareness and control in South Africa. Soc Sci Med 2018; 217:18-30. [PMID: 30292072 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The socioeconomic gradient in chronic conditions is clear in the poorest and wealthiest of countries, but extant evidence on this relationship in low- and middle-income countries is inconclusive. We use data gathered between 2008 and 2012 from a nationally representative sample of over 10,000 South African adults, and objective health measures to analyse the differential effects of education, income and other factors on the prevalence of hypertension, individuals' awareness and control of hypertensive status. Prevalence of hypertension is high at 38% among women and 34% among men. 59% of hypertensive individuals are unaware of their status. We find prevalence and unawareness of hypertension are a public health concern across all income groups in South Africa. Higher income is however associated with effective control amongst men. Completing secondary education is associated with 7 mmHg lower blood pressure only in a small sub-group of women but is associated with 22 percentage point higher likelihood of effective hypertension control amongst women. We conclude that poorer and less educated individuals are particularly at high risk of cardiovascular disease in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeeta Thomas
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, Cowdray House, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom.
| | - Ronelle Burger
- Department of Economics, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Katharina Hauck
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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13
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Lee BJ, Ku B. A comparison of trunk circumference and width indices for hypertension and type 2 diabetes in a large-scale screening: a retrospective cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13284. [PMID: 30185890 PMCID: PMC6125465 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropometric indices determine important risk factors for many chronic diseases. However, to date, no study has simultaneously analyzed the capabilities of trunk circumference and width indices to identify hypertension and type 2 diabetes in a large-scale screening study. The objectives of this study were to examine the associations of hypertension and - diabetes with circumference and width indices measured at the five identical positions (axillary, chest, rib, waist, and pelvic) and to compare the capabilities of circumference and width indices to identify the two diseases. Data were obtained from the Korean Health and Genome Epidemiology Study database. The associations and abilities of the circumference indices to identify diabetes were greater than those for hypertension. Overall, trunk circumference indices displayed stronger associations with and greater abilities to identify hypertension and diabetes than did trunk width indices at the five positions. In the comparative analysis between index pairs of circumference and width in patients with diabetes, significant differences were shown at all five positions and in the adjusted analysis of axillary, chest, rib, and pelvic positions. Therefore, width indices should not be used as an alternative indicator of type 2 diabetes in either men or women, except when measured at the waist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum Ju Lee
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Future Medicine Division, Deajeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea.
| | - Boncho Ku
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Future Medicine Division, Deajeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea
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14
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Lee CJ, Kim JY, Shim E, Hong SH, Lee M, Jeon JY, Park S. The Effects of Diet Alone or in Combination with Exercise in Patients with Prehypertension and Hypertension: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Korean Circ J 2018; 48:637-651. [PMID: 29968437 PMCID: PMC6031728 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2017.0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Supervised lifestyle interventions, including dietary and exercise programs, may be infeasible to implement in real-world settings. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a home-based lifestyle modification intervention on blood pressure (BP) management. Methods Eighty-five patients aged over 20 years and diagnosed with prehypertension or mild hypertension were randomly assigned to an advice-only comparison group (C group, n=28), a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet education group (D group, n=30), or a DASH and home-based exercise group (D+Ex group, n=27). The intervention lasted for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was the difference in office systolic blood pressure (SBP) before and after the study period (Trial registry at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01637909). Results Seventy-two participants (87.8%) completed the trial. The degree of change in office SBP did not significantly differ among the intervention groups; however, the D+Ex group demonstrated a tendency toward decreased SBP. Upon analysis of 24-hour ambulatory BP measurements, daytime ambulatory SBP was significantly lower in the D+Ex group (134 mmHg; 95% confidence interval [CI], 131 to 137; p=0.011) than in the C group (139.5 mmHg; 95% CI, 130.9 to 137), and daytime ambulatory SBP was significantly decreased in the D+Ex group (−5.2 mmHg; 95% CI, −8.3 to −2.1; p=0.011) compared to the C group (0.4 mmHg, 95% CI, −2.5 to 3.3). Conclusions In conclusion, lifestyle modification emphasizing both diet and exercise was effective for lowering BP and should be favored over diet-only modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Joo Lee
- Department of Health Promotion, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Department of Sport Industry Studies, Yonsei University College of Education, Seoul, Korea.,Exercise Medicine Center for Diabetes and Cancer Patients, Yonsei University College of Education, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Prevention Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eugene Shim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Soongeui Women's College, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Hong
- Department of Sport Industry Studies, Yonsei University College of Education, Seoul, Korea.,Exercise Medicine Center for Diabetes and Cancer Patients, Yonsei University College of Education, Seoul, Korea
| | - MiKyung Lee
- Department of Sport Industry Studies, Yonsei University College of Education, Seoul, Korea.,Exercise Medicine Center for Diabetes and Cancer Patients, Yonsei University College of Education, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Prevention Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Justin Y Jeon
- Department of Sport Industry Studies, Yonsei University College of Education, Seoul, Korea.,Exercise Medicine Center for Diabetes and Cancer Patients, Yonsei University College of Education, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Prevention Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Sungha Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cardiovascular Research Institute and Cardiovascular Genome Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea.
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15
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Filippatos TD, Kyrou I, Georgousopoulou EN, Chrysohoou C, Kouli GM, Tsigos C, Tousoulis D, Stefanadis C, Pitsavos C, Panagiotakos DB. Modeling anthropometric indices in relation to 10-year (2002-2012) incidence of cardiovascular disease, among apparently healthy individuals: The ATTICA study. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11 Suppl 2:S789-S795. [PMID: 28606442 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Body fat accumulation is implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Our objective was to explore potential associations between anthropometric indices and the 10-year CVD incidence in Greek adults without previous CVD. METHODS During 2001-2, we enrolled 3042 adults without CVD from the general population of Attica, Greece. In 2011-2, the 10-year study follow-up was performed, recording the CVD incidence in 1958 participants with baseline body mass index (BMI) ≥18.5kg/m2. RESULTS The study 10-year CVD incidence was 15.8%, exhibiting a gradual increase according to the baseline body mass index (BMI) category. Baseline BMI ≥30kg/m2 was related with significantly higher 10-year CVD risk compared to BMI <25kg/m2, even after adjustment for age and other known CVD risk factors. Baseline BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio and waist-to-hip-to-height ratio were independently associated with the 10-year CVD risk in multi-adjusted models. Gender-specific analyses showed that these associations were more evident in men compared to women, with baseline BMI exhibiting an independent association with the 10-year CVD incidence in men. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that even simple anthropometric indices exhibit independent associations with CVD risk in a representative sample of the Greek general population without previous CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodosios D Filippatos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kyrou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece; Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, B4 7ET, Birmingham, UK; Translational & Experimental Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK; WISDEM, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, CV2 2DX, Coventry, UK
| | - Ekavi N Georgousopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Chrysohoou
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia-Maria Kouli
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantine Tsigos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tousoulis
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christos Pitsavos
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
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16
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Zaki M, Kamal S, Ezzat W, Hassan N, Yousef W, Ryad H, Mohamed R, Youness E, Basha W, Elhosary Y. Serum apelin levels and metabolic risk markers in obese women. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2017; 15:423-429. [PMID: 30647682 PMCID: PMC6296620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Adipose tissue hormones, Adipokines, play an important role in obesity-associated complications. Apelin has recently been added to the family of adipokines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum apelin levels and metabolic abnormal parameters in Egyptian obese women. Materials and methods The study included 400 unrelated women; they were 200 obese women and 200 non- obese matched healthy women. All participants underwent clinical, anthropometric and biochemical examinations. Insulin resistance (IR) was determined by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Serum apelin levels and obesity biomarkers were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kits. Fat mass was measured by Tanita Body Composition Analyzer. Results Obese women showed significant higher levels of serum apelin, leptin, triglycerides, LDL-C, total cholesterol, fasting insulin HOMA-IR and blood pressure levels than controls. Significant positive correlations between apelin and leptin levels with abnormal metabolic markers were noted in obese women. Conclusion The present study suggests the significant role that might be mediated by apelin for developing abnormal metabolic parameters among Egyptian obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moushira Zaki
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sanaa Kamal
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wafaa Ezzat
- Internal Medicine Department, Medical Research Division, Giza, Egypt
| | - Naglaa Hassan
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, Giza, Egypt
| | - Walaa Yousef
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Ryad
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ramy Mohamed
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman Youness
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Walaa Basha
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasser Elhosary
- Internal Medicine Department, Medical Research Division, Giza, Egypt
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Ramezankhani A, Kabir A, Pournik O, Azizi F, Hadaegh F. Classification-based data mining for identification of risk patterns associated with hypertension in Middle Eastern population: A 12-year longitudinal study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4143. [PMID: 27583845 PMCID: PMC5008529 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a critical public health concern worldwide. Identification of risk factors using traditional multivariable models has been a field of active research. The present study was undertaken to identify risk patterns associated with hypertension incidence using data mining methods in a cohort of Iranian adult population.Data on 6205 participants (44% men) age > 20 years, free from hypertension at baseline with no history of cardiovascular disease, were used to develop a series of prediction models by 3 types of decision tree (DT) algorithms. The performances of all classifiers were evaluated on the testing data set.The Quick Unbiased Efficient Statistical Tree algorithm among men and women and Classification and Regression Tree among the total population had the best performance. The C-statistic and sensitivity for the prediction models were (0.70 and 71%) in men, (0.79 and 71%) in women, and (0.78 and 72%) in total population, respectively. In DT models, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, age, and waist circumference significantly contributed to the risk of incident hypertension in both genders and total population, wrist circumference and 2-h postchallenge plasma glucose among women and fasting plasma glucose among men. In men, the highest hypertension risk was seen in those with SBP > 115 mm Hg and age > 30 years. In women those with SBP > 114 mm Hg and age > 33 years had the highest risk for hypertension. For the total population, higher risk was observed in those with SBP > 114 mm Hg and age > 38 years.Our study emphasizes the utility of DTs for prediction of hypertension and exploring interaction between predictors. DT models used the easily available variables to identify homogeneous subgroups with different risk pattern for the hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Ramezankhani
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
| | - Ali Kabir
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
| | - Omid Pournik
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Hadaegh
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
- Correspondence: Farzad Hadaegh, Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763 Tehran, Iran (e-mail: )
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Alexander GM, Hawkins LB, Wilcox T, Hirshkowitz A. Infants Prefer Female Body Phenotypes; Infant Girls Prefer They Have an Hourglass Shape. Front Psychol 2016; 7:804. [PMID: 27375509 PMCID: PMC4894871 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescents and adults show preferences for male and female body shapes consistent with evolutionary theories of reproductive fitness and mate selection. However, when these preferences for females with narrow waists (i.e., 0.7 waist-to-hip ratio) and men with broad shoulders (i.e., mesomorphic body shape) emerge during the lifespan is largely unknown. To address this knowledge gap, eye-movements were tracked in 146 infants (3-18 months of age) during computer presentation of three-dimensional human figures varying in body features thought relevant for reproductive success (e.g., secondary sex characteristics, waist-to-hip ratio). When presented with pairs of figures differing in apparent sex, male and female infants looked significantly longer at the female figure compared to the male figure, a new finding that extends previous research showing preferences for female faces in infancy. When presented with same-sex figures differing in characteristics associated with mate value, male and female infants looked longer at a low mate value male (i.e., an endomorphic body type) compared to a high mate value male (i.e., a mesomorphic body type), a finding that replicates the results of previous research. In addition, the novel use of high and low mate value female figures showed a sex difference in visual attention, such that female infants looked longer at the high mate value female figure compared to the low mate female figure whereas male infants showed the opposite pattern of results. In sum, these findings suggest that infants generally do not possess preferences for adult-defined attractive male body shapes. However, infant girls' greater attention to a female figure with an adult-preferred waist-to-hip ratio raises the possibility that evolved preferences for 0.7 waist-to-hip ratio influence girls' later preference for toys representing females with an hourglass shape, perhaps supporting elaboration of adult social behaviors that enhance reproductive success (e.g., cooperative breeding).
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Adegbija O, Hoy WE, Wang Z. Waist circumference values equivalent to body mass index points for predicting absolute cardiovascular disease risks among adults in an Aboriginal community: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e009185. [PMID: 26567258 PMCID: PMC4654306 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There have been suggestions that currently recommended waist circumference (WC) cut-off points for Australians of European origin may not be applicable to Aboriginal people who have different body habitus profiles. We aimed to generate equivalent WC values that correspond to body mass index (BMI) points for identifying absolute cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING An Aboriginal community in Australia's Northern Territory. PARTICIPANTS From 1992 to 1998, 920 adults without CVD, with age, WC and BMI measurements were followed-up for up to 20 years. OUTCOME MEASURES Incident CVD, coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure (HF) events during the follow-up period ascertained from hospitalisation data. We generated WC values with 10-year absolute risks equivalent for the development of CVD as BMI values (20-34 kg/m(2)) using the Weibull accelerated time-failure model. RESULTS There were 211 incident cases of CVD over 13,669 person-years of follow-up. At the average age of 35 years, WC values with absolute CVD, CAD and HF risks equivalent to BMI of 25 kg/m(2) were 91.5, 91.8 and 91.7 cm, respectively, for males, and corresponding WC values were 92.5, 92.7 and 93 cm for females. WC values with equal absolute CVD, CAD and HF risks to BMI of 30 kg/m(2) were 101.7, 103.1 and 102.6 cm, respectively, for males, and corresponding values were 99.2, 101.6 and 101.5 cm for females. Association between WC and CVD did not depend on gender (p=0.54). CONCLUSIONS WC ranging from 91 to 93 cm was equivalent to BMI 25 kg/m(2) for overweight, and 99 to 103 cm was equivalent to BMI of 30 kg/m(2) for obesity in terms of predicting 10-year absolute CVD risk. Replicating the absolute risk method in other Aboriginal communities will further validate the WC values generated for future development of WC cut-off points for Aboriginal people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odewumi Adegbija
- Centre for Chronic Disease, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wendy E Hoy
- Centre for Chronic Disease, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Centre for Chronic Disease, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Norfazilah A, Julaina MS, Azmawati MN. Sex differences in correlates of obesity indices and blood pressure among Malay adults in Selangor, Malaysia. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2015.1016719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Chen H, Dai J. BMI better explains hypertension in Chinese senior adults and the relationship declines with age. Aging Clin Exp Res 2015; 27:271-9. [PMID: 25378178 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-014-0285-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers have been examining the relationship between obesity and hypertension. However, whether overall or abdominal obesity better explains senior adults' hypertension has not been studied. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to examine whether body mass index or waist circumference better predicts hypertension in Chinese senior adults and how the magnitude of the relationship is attenuated as they continue to age. METHODS The study was based on the 2010 National Physique Monitoring data. There were 7,542 senior adults aged 60-69 years living in urban, suburban, and rural areas of Shanghai City. The participants were categorized into five age groups: 60-61, 62-63, 64-65, 66-67, and 68-69 years. RESULTS The percentage of participants who had hypertension increased as people aged, which was mainly caused by the increase of systolic blood pressure. Logistic regression analysis showed that when body mass index or waist circumference was entered into the model, both were significant predictors for hypertension (p < 0.05). However, when body mass index and waist circumference were mutually entered into the model, body mass index was the only important predictor (p < 0.05). The values of odds ratios were found to decrease from the 60-61 to 68-69 years age groups. More senior adults have hypertension as they age. CONCLUSION Body mass index, and not waist circumference, better predicts Chinese senior adults' hypertension. However, age attenuates the effects of obesity on hypertension as the senior adults continue to age.
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Hatzenbuehler ML, Slopen N, McLaughlin KA, McLaughlin KA. Stressful life events, sexual orientation, and cardiometabolic risk among young adults in the United States. Health Psychol 2014; 33:1185-94. [PMID: 25133830 PMCID: PMC4436691 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of the present study was to examine whether sexual minority young adults are more vulnerable to developing cardiometabolic risk following exposure to stressful life events than heterosexual young adults. METHOD Data came from the National Longitudinal Study for Adolescent Health (Shin, Edwards, & Heeren, 2009; Brummett et al., 2013), a prospective nationally representative study of U.S. adolescents followed into young adulthood. A total of 306 lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) respondents and 6,667 heterosexual respondents met inclusion criteria for this analysis. Measures of cumulative stressful life events were drawn from all 4 waves of data collection; sexual orientation and cardiometabolic biomarkers were assessed at Wave 4 (2008-2009). RESULTS Gay/bisexual men exposed to 1-2 (β = 0.71, p = .01) and 5+ (β = 0.87, p = .01) stressful life events had a statistically significant elevation in cardiometabolic risk, controlling for demographics, health behaviors, and socioeconomic status. Moreover, in models adjusted for all covariates, lesbian/bisexual (β = 0.52, p = .046) women with 5+ stressful life events had a statistically significant elevation in cardiometabolic risk. There was no relationship between stressful life events and cardiometabolic risk among heterosexual men or women. CONCLUSION Stressful life events during childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood place LGB young adults at heightened risk for elevated cardiometabolic risk as early as young adulthood. The mechanisms underlying this relationship require future study.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the association between childhood adversity and cumulative biological risk for a variety of chronic diseases in adulthood, and whether this association varied by neighborhood affluence. METHODS Data were drawn from the Chicago Community Adult Health Study (2001-2003), a cross-sectional probability sample that included interviews and blood collection (n = 550 adults). A childhood adversity score was calculated from eight items. Neighborhood affluence was defined using Census data. An index to reflect cumulative biological risk was constructed as a count of eight biomarkers above clinically established thresholds, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate, C-reactive protein, waist circumference, hemoglobin A1c, and total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Generalized linear models with a Poisson link function were used to estimate incident rate ratios (IRRs). RESULTS A 1-standard-deviation increase in the childhood adversity score was associated with a 9% increase in cumulative biological risk, after adjustment for demographic and behavioral characteristics (IRR = 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02-1.17). This association was modified by neighborhood affluence (IRR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.86, 0.99). Stratified models indicated that childhood adversity was associated with elevated cumulative biological risk only among individuals who resided in low-affluence (bottom tertile) neighborhoods (IRR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.05, 1.28); there was no association in high-affluence (top tertile) neighborhoods (IRR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.83, 1.14). CONCLUSIONS Childhood adversity is associated with elevated cumulative biological risk in adulthood, and neighborhood affluence may buffer this association. Results demonstrate the importance of neighborhood characteristics for associations between childhood adversity and disease risk, even after accounting for adult socioeconomic status.
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Lee BJ, Kim JY. A comparison of the predictive power of anthropometric indices for hypertension and hypotension risk. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84897. [PMID: 24465449 PMCID: PMC3900406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS It is commonly accepted that body fat distribution is associated with hypertension, but the strongest anthropometric indicator of the risk of hypertension is still controversial. Furthermore, no studies on the association of hypotension with anthropometric indices have been reported. The objectives of the present study were to determine the best predictors of hypertension and hypotension among various anthropometric indices and to assess the use of combined indices as a method of improving the predictive power in adult Korean women and men. METHODS For 12789 subjects 21-85 years of age, we assessed 41 anthropometric indices using statistical analyses and data mining techniques to determine their ability to discriminate between hypertension and normotension as well as between hypotension and normotension. We evaluated the predictive power of combined indices using two machine learning algorithms and two variable subset selection techniques. RESULTS The best indicator for predicting hypertension was rib circumference in both women (p = <0.0001; OR = 1.813; AUC = 0.669) and men (p = <0.0001; OR = 1.601; AUC = 0.627); for hypotension, the strongest predictor was chest circumference in women (p = <0.0001; OR = 0.541; AUC = 0.657) and neck circumference in men (p = <0.0001; OR = 0.522; AUC = 0.672). In experiments using combined indices, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) for the prediction of hypertension risk in women and men were 0.721 and 0.652, respectively, according to the logistic regression with wrapper-based variable selection; for hypotension, the corresponding values were 0.675 in women and 0.737 in men, according to the naïve Bayes with wrapper-based variable selection. CONCLUSIONS The best indicators of the risk of hypertension and the risk of hypotension may differ. The use of combined indices seems to slightly improve the predictive power for both hypertension and hypotension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum Ju Lee
- Medical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-gu, Deajeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Yeol Kim
- Medical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-gu, Deajeon, Republic of Korea
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Rhéaume C, Leblanc MÈ, Poirier P. Adiposity assessment: explaining the association between obesity, hypertension and stroke. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 9:1557-64. [DOI: 10.1586/erc.11.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Shin SY, Lee CG, Song HS, Kim SH, Lee HS, Jung MS, Yoo SK. Cardiovascular disease risk of bus drivers in a city of Korea. Ann Occup Environ Med 2013; 25:34. [PMID: 24472511 PMCID: PMC3923344 DOI: 10.1186/2052-4374-25-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To prevent the occurrence of CV events such as MI and stroke among professional drivers in Korea, bus drivers were compared to other occupations through the Framingham risk scoring system (FRS) or metabolic syndrome (MS) of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment methods. Methods In October 2012, a health examination survey was conducted for 443 male bus drivers in a big city. Their CVD risk factors were compared to those of a ‘total employed’ (A group) and ‘crafts and machine operators’ (B group) extracted from Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2010) data by using FRS and MS. We calculated proportions of the CVD risk factors distribution between bus drivers and the A, B groups by the bootstrapping method. The Odds ratio (OR) between CV event risk combining MS with CHD equivalent risk of FRS and occupational factors like shift patterns and professional driving duration/age ratios (PDAR) of bus drivers was calculated through multinominal logistic regression. Results The proportion of BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 was 53.9% and waist circumference ≥ 90cm was 40.9% among bus drivers. Hypertension and MS prevalence of bus drivers was 53.3%, 49.9% which is higher than 17.6%, 22.6% in the A group and 19.7%, 23.8% in the B group respectively. OR of high CV event risk in alternate shift was 2.58 (95% CI 1.33~5.00) in comparison with double shift pattern and OR in PDAR ≥ 0.5 was 2.18 (95% CI 1.15~4.14). Conclusion Middle aged male drivers in a big city of Korea stand a higher chance of developing CV event than other professions of the same age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chul Gab Lee
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Pilmundaero 365, Dong-gu, Gwang-Ju, 501-717, Korea.
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Guzmán-Guzmán IP, Salgado-Goytia L, Muñoz-Valle JF, Salgado-Bernabé AB, Quiroz-Vargas I, Parra-Rojas I. Prehypertension in a Mexican population: influence of age, gender, and body fat. Clin Exp Hypertens 2012; 35:67-73. [PMID: 22783936 DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2012.690470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We studied the association of age, gender, and distribution of body fat with prehypertension in a sample of Mexican adults. This study was performed in a sample of 900 adults (275 men and 625 women), with the median age of 42 years. Resting blood pressure was measured in duplicate, and prehypertension and hypertension were defined according to JNC 7 criteria. The prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension in our population was 11.56% and 26.5%, respectively. The prevalence of prehypertension was significantly higher in men than in women. Prehypertension was associated with middle and old age (odds ratio [OR] = 2.6 and 2.4, respectively, P < .001), abdominal obesity (OR = 1.3, P = .008), upper quintiles of body mass index (OR = 2.05, P = .005), waist (OR = 1.97, P = .01) and hip (OR = 2.04, P = .005) circumferences, and body fat (OR = 2.37, P = .001). The main factors associated with the development of prehypertension are age, central obesity, and body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris P Guzmán-Guzmán
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
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Gezmen-Karadag M, Bilici S, Acar-Tek N, Yildiran H, Akbulut G, Koksal E, Sanlier N. Relationship between dietary mineral intake and blood pressure (BP) in the elderly in Turkey. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2012; 55:106-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2011.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Warren TY, Wilcox S, Dowda M, Baruth M. Independent association of waist circumference with hypertension and diabetes in African American women, South Carolina, 2007-2009. Prev Chronic Dis 2012; 9:E105. [PMID: 22632742 PMCID: PMC3457765 DOI: 10.5888/pcd9.110170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity is associated with hypertension and diabetes, which are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD); 53% of African American women are obese. Of the approximately 44% of African American women who are hypertensive, more than 87% are overweight or obese. Additionally, more than twice as many African American women (13.1%) as white women (6.1%) have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Obesity is usually measured using body mass index (BMI). However, abdominal adiposity may be more predictive of CVD risk than BMI. This study investigates the independent association of waist circumference with hypertension and diabetes in African American women. Methods As part of the Faith, Activity, and Nutrition (FAN) program, we recruited 843 African American women (mean age 53.8 y [SD, 14.1 y]) from African Methodist Episcopal churches. If a participant reported she had hypertension or had measured systolic blood pressure at or higher than 140 mm Hg or measured diastolic blood pressure at or higher than 90 mm Hg, she was classified as having hypertension. To assess increased health risks associated with waist circumference, we used the World Health Organization’s standards to categorize waist circumference as normal risk (waist circumference <80 cm), increased risk (waist circumference 80–88 cm), or substantially increased risk (waist circumference >88 cm). We used logistic regression models to test predictors of hypertension and diabetes. Results Of 843 study participants, 205 had diabetes and 545 were hypertensive. Women with a waist circumference of 88 cm or more were at increased risk for hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 7.17, P < .002) and diabetes (OR = 6.99, P < .001). Associations remained after controlling for all variables (hypertension OR = 5.53, P < .001; diabetes, OR = 5.38, P < .001). Conclusion After controlling for all variables, waist circumference was independently associated with a 5-fold risk in hypertension and diabetes in African American women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Y Warren
- University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly St, Room 318-A, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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Chen C, Tso AWK, Cheung BMY, Law LSC, Ong KL, Wat NMS, Janus ED, Xu A, Lam KSL. Plasma concentration of pigment epithelium-derived factor is closely associated with blood pressure and predicts incident hypertension in Chinese: a 10-year prospective study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2012; 76:506-13. [PMID: 21777264 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04178.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is secreted from the adipose tissue. It circulates at high concentrations, and was reported to play a causal role in obesity-induced insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunctions in mice. Previous cross-sectional studies also demonstrated plasma PEDF concentration correlated positively with systolic blood pressure (BP) and pulse pressure, and inversely with small artery elasticity. Here we investigated the relationship of plasma PEDF concentration with BP and incident hypertension in a 10-year prospective study. METHODS Baseline plasma PEDF concentrations were measured by ELISA in 520 Chinese subjects, aged 51 ± 12 years, followed up long-term from the population-based Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence Study. The association between plasma PEDF concentration and BP was investigated in both cross-sectional and prospective studies, using multiple linear regression and path analyses. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to determine whether baseline PEDF concentration was independently related to the subsequent development of hypertension over 10 years. RESULTS Baseline plasma concentrations of PEDF were higher in men (P < 0·001), and were directly related to systolic BP at 2 and 5 years, and to diastolic BP at 2 years, after adjustment for covariates. Of the 386 normotensive subjects at baseline, high baseline PEDF concentration was predictive of incident hypertension, independent of the effects of age, sex, baseline BP and obesity parameters (hazard ratio: 1·135; 95% CI: 1·039-1·241; P = 0·005). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that plasma PEDF concentration is significantly associated with BP, and incident hypertension. PEDF may be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the role of neighborhood context in the accumulation of biological risk factors and racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities. METHODS Data came from face-to-face interviews and blood sample collection on a probability sample of adults (n = 549) in the 2002 Chicago Community Adult Health Study. Following the approach of prior studies, we constructed an index of cumulative biological risk (CBR) by counting how many of eight biomarkers exceeded clinically defined criteria for "high risk": systolic and diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate, hemoglobin A(1c), C-reactive protein, waist size, and total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Data are presented as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) based on generalized linear models with a Poisson link function and population-average estimates with robust standard errors. RESULTS Non-Hispanic blacks (n = 200), Hispanics (n = 149), and people with low (n = 134) and moderate (n = 275) level of education had significantly higher numbers of biological risks than their respective reference groups (IRR = 1.48, 1.59, 1.62, and 1.48, respectively, with p < .01). Black-white (p < .001) and Hispanic-white (p < .003) disparities in CBR remained significant after adjusting for individual-level socioeconomic position and behavioral factors, whereas individual-level controls substantially diminished the low/high (p < .069) and moderate/high (p < .042) educational differences. Estimating "within-neighborhood" disparities to adjust for neighborhood context fully explained the black-white gap in CBR (p < .542) and reduced the Hispanic-white gap to borderline significance (p < .053). Neighborhood affluence predicted lower levels of CBR (IRR = 0.82, p < .027), but neighborhood disadvantage was not significantly associated with CBR (IRR = 1.00, p < .948). CONCLUSIONS Neighborhood environments seem to play a pivotal role in the accumulation of biological risk and disparities therein.
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Chakraborty R, Bose K, Kozieł S. Waist circumference in determining obesity and hypertension among 18–60 years old Bengalee Hindu male slum dwellers in Eastern India. Ann Hum Biol 2011; 38:669-75. [PMID: 21838593 DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2011.605396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raja Chakraborty
- Department of Anthropology, Dinabandhu Mahavidyalaya,
Bongaon, West Bengal, India
| | - Kaushik Bose
- Department of Anthropology, Vidyasagar University,
Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Slawomir Kozieł
- Institute of Anthropology, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Wroclaw, Kuźnicza, Poland
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Association between obesity indices and blood pressure or hypertension: which index is the best? Public Health Nutr 2009; 12:1061-71. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980008003601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundThe association between obesity and blood pressure is well documented and a series of obesity indices are used as risk factors or indicators of blood pressure and/or the presence of hypertension.ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to explore and determine which obesity index is the best indicator of blood pressure and the presence of hypertension among five frequently used simple anthropometric indices.MethodsSubjects (n 29 079) were selected by cluster sampling from fourteen Chinese general populations. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference and blood pressure were measured for each participant. BMI, waist:hip ratio (WHR), waist:stature ratio (WSR) and conicity index (CI) were calculated. Pearson correlation, multiple logistic regression, multivariate linear regression and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used.ResultsA total of 13 558 men and 15 521 women were investigated. All five obesity indices were positively correlated with blood pressures and hypertension. After adjusting for age, WSR in men and BMI in women had the greatest association with the presence of hypertension, irrespective of the statistical method used. BMI had the strongest correlation with continuous blood pressures in both genders.ConclusionThe present results indicate that hypertension is associated with different obesity indices in men and in women. The best indicator for hypertension is WSR in men while it is BMI in women.
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Ben-Dov IZ, Bursztyn M. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in childhood and adult obesity. Curr Hypertens Rep 2009; 11:133-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s11906-009-0024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Scuteri A, Morrell CH, Najjar SS, Muller D, Andres R, Ferrucci L, Lakatta EG. Longitudinal paths to the metabolic syndrome: can the incidence of the metabolic syndrome be predicted? The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2009; 64:590-8. [PMID: 19270183 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glp004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the predictors of incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) (Adult Treatment Panel III criteria) and to determine if longitudinal changes in specific MetS components differ by age or gender in participants who developed versus those who did not develop MetS. METHODS A total of 506 men and 461 women (baseline age 52.4 +/- 17.5 years) from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging (BLSA) were followed longitudinally (at least two study visits), and censored when they developed the MetS or reported use of antihypertensive or lipid-lowering medications. RESULTS After a follow-up period of 6 years, the incidence of the MetS was 25.5% in men and 14.8% in women. As many as 66% of men and 73% of women with one or two altered MetS components at baseline did not develop the MetS. Predictors of developing MetS were higher baseline abdominal obesity or triglycerides and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (area under receiver-operated curve [AUC] = 0.84 in men, 0.88 in women). Addition of the rate of changes in MetS components over time slightly improved predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.94 in men, 0.92 in women). Men were more likely than women to have the MetS without obesity, whereas women were more likely than men to have the MetS without an altered glucose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS The patterns of MetS components and the longitudinal changes that lead to the MetS are different in men and women. Interestingly, components with the highest prevalence prior to MetS development, such as elevated blood pressure, are not necessarily the stronger risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Scuteri
- UO Geriatria, Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani, Rome, 00189, Italy.
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The role of obesity in the pathogenesis of hypertension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 5:101-11. [DOI: 10.1038/ncpneph1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Adedoyin RA, Mbada CE, Bisiriyu LA, Adebayo RA, Balogun MO, Akintomide AO. Relationship of anthropometric indicators with blood pressure levels and the risk of hypertension in Nigerian adults. Int J Gen Med 2008; 1:33-40. [PMID: 20428404 PMCID: PMC2840543 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s3643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Studies on cardiovascular risks in relation to anthropometric factors are limited in Sub-Sahara Africa. The aims of this study were to examine the relationship between anthropometric parameters and blood pressure; and to evaluate body mass index (BMI) across the range of underweight and obesity as a primary risk factor of hypertension in adult Nigerians. MATERIAL AND METHODS 2097 adults aged between 20 and 100 years consented and participated in this door-to-door survey. All participants underwent blood pressure and anthropometric measurements using standard procedures. The population study was separated in normotensive and hypertensive males and females and the possible risk for hypertension were categorized into different classes of value based on BMI definition. RESULTS The relative risks (odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]) of developing hypertension among the obese compared with the underweight, normal weight, and overweight persons were (OR 5.75; CI 5.67-5.83), (OR 1.73; CI 1.65-1.81), and (OR 1.54; CI 1.46-1.62) for all the participants, respectively. Among obese (BMI >/= 30.0 Kg/m(2)) males, the OR for hypertension was three times (OR 2.78; CI 2.76-2.80) that of normal weight (BMI >/= 18.5-24.9 Kg/m(2)) males. Females with obesity had a risk of hypertension three times (OR 3.34; CI 3.33-3.35) that of normal weight females. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that the there was a significant positive correlation of obesity indicator with blood pressure. In Nigeria, we found a strong gradient between higher BMI and increased risk of hypertension among all ages. Approaches to reduce the risk of hypertension may include prevention of overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chidozie E Mbada
- Physiotherapy Department, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | | | - Rasaaq A Adebayo
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Michael O Balogun
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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Zanettini JO, Fuchs FD, Zanettini MT, Zanettini JP. Is hypertensive response in treadmill testing better identified with correction for working capacity? A study with clinical, echocardiographic and ambulatory blood pressure correlates. Blood Press 2005; 13:225-9. [PMID: 15581336 DOI: 10.1080/08037050410021423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypertensive response in treadmill testing is associated with the development of hypertension, but it is still unclear if it is better identified by systolic or diastolic response, and measured directly or corrected by working capacity. We investigated 75 patients with normal office blood pressure through a treadmill testing, ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) monitoring, and two-dimensional Doppler echocardiogram. Characteristics associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) response corrected by the estimated metabolic equivalent (MET) were identified in multiple linear regression models. SBP response was associated more consistently with age, body mass index (BMI), systolic ABP and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (p < 0.001) than diastolic response in the bivariate analysis, especially when corrected by MET. Age, BMI and nightly SBP were independently associated with SBP response corrected by MET in the multivariate analysis. Individuals from the top tertile of SBP response corrected by MET (> or =11.3 mmHg/MET) were older and had higher BMI, ABP and left ventricular septal and posterior wall thickness than individuals classified in the lower tertiles. These differences were more pronounced than the differences observed between individuals with and without a peak exercise blood pressure higher than 210 mmHg. We concluded that individuals with a high blood pressure response in treadmill testing have higher BMI, left ventricular posterior wall thickness and SBP measured by ABP monitoring than individuals without such a response. These differences were stronger when the variation of blood pressure during exercise was corrected by the amount of work performed.
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Abstract
The association between obesity and hypertension is well documented, although the exact nature of this relation remains unclear. Sympathetic nervous and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation appear to play an important role in the sodium and water retention, rightward shift in the pressure-natriuresis, and blood pressure elevation observed in obese individuals. Visceral obesity and the ectopic deposition of adipose tissue may be important in the activation of these systems and in the target organ damage that ensues. Weight loss is critical in the effective management of obesity hypertension and the accompanying target organ damage, although recidivism rates are high. However, prevention of weight gain should be the major priority for combating hypertension and its consequences in the future. The present review will provide an overview of our understanding of the etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of obesity hypertension. Our focus is on the state of knowledge in humans. The potential role of abdominal obesity is considered throughout our review. We refer to relevant animal literature for supportive evidence and where little or no data in humans are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Davy
- Dept. of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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Guagnano MT, Manigrasso MR, Ballone E, Della Vecchia R, Riccioni G, Marinopiccoli M, Nutini M, Sensi S, Davì G. Association between serum leptin levels and 24-hour blood pressure in obese women. OBESITY RESEARCH 2003; 11:549-55. [PMID: 12690084 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2003.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between serum leptin and 24-hour blood pressure (BP) in obese women, according to body fat distribution. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES A cross-sectional study was carried out in a population of 70 nondiabetic, normotensive, obese women (40 with android and 30 with gynoid type of obesity) and 20 nonobese healthy women as a control group. All subjects underwent 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring. Blood samples were collected for serum leptin and plasma insulin measurements. Total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were also measured. RESULTS Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in obese subjects than in controls, and they were more elevated in android obese women than in gynoid ones. Leptin levels were positively related to body mass index (BMI), insulin, and waist and hip circumferences in the android group. Among gynoid subjects, leptin levels showed positive associations with BMI and insulin. In women with android obesity, strong positive correlations (p < 0.001) were found between leptin levels and 24-hour systolic BP (SBP), daytime SBP, nighttime SBP, 24-hour diastolic BP (DBP), and daytime DBP. Multiple regression analyses, including age, insulin and leptin concentrations, BMI, and waist and hip circumferences on 24-hour and daytime SBP and DBP, showed that only leptin levels contributed to the variability of BP. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that serum leptin levels are directly related to 24-hour BP levels in normotensive women with android fat distribution, independently of BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Guagnano
- Department of Internal Medicine and Aging, University of Chieti, Italy
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