1
|
Liang Y, Ju F, Hao Y, Yang J, Liu Y. Teachers' perception on physical activity promotion in kindergarten children in China: a qualitative study connecting social-ecological model. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2190. [PMID: 39134996 PMCID: PMC11321150 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the majority of kindergarten-aged children face obesity issues and insufficient physical activity (PA) engagement. Regular PA participation can provide various health benefits, including obesity reduction, for kindergarten-aged children. However, limited studies have investigated the factors influencing kindergarten-aged children's PA engagement from the perspective of their teachers. This qualitative study aimed to identify factors that could help promote PA among kindergarten-aged children from teachers' perspectives, including facilitators, barriers, and teachers' recommendations. METHODS Fifteen kindergarten teachers (age range: 28-50 years; mean age: 38.53 years) with teaching experience ranging from 2 to 31 years (mean: 16.27 years) were recruited from Shanghai municipality, Henan, and Jiangsu provinces in China. One-on-one semi-structured interviews were conducted via face-to-face (n = 7) or telephone (n = 8) to gather insights into factors influencing PA promotion among kindergarten-aged children. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a constant comparison approach based on grounded theory, which involved open, axial, and selective coding processes. RESULTS The study revealed mutual theoretical support between themes and the social-ecological model (SEM), as factors identified in the study are distributed at various levels of the SEM. Twelve factors were identified at four levels of the SEM: (1) intrapersonal level (children's personality and skills), (2) interpersonal level (family, peers, and teachers influence), (3) organizational level (school environment and resources, opportunities for kindergarten teachers' training and children's PA, design and organization of PA, and PA that children need), (4) community level (family-school partnerships). CONCLUSION Various factors at different levels can influence kindergarten-aged children's PA. The study's findings revealed that these factors are distributed across the first four levels of SEM, with the majority being at the organizational level. These multilevel findings are expected to assist in developing and implementing more effective PA interventions for kindergarten-aged children. Future research is warranted to identify strategies for promoting PA among kindergarten-aged children at the policy level of the SEM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yahan Liang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, 650 Qingyuanhuan Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Department of Human Movement Studies and Special Education, Darden College of Education & Professional Studies, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
| | - Fangyuan Ju
- Department of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225012, China
| | - Yueran Hao
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, 650 Qingyuanhuan Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225012, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, 650 Qingyuanhuan Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Shanghai Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai University of Sport, 650 Qingyuanhuan Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
D'Cruz AFL, D'Souza NJ, Downing KL, Smith C, Sciberras E, Hesketh KD. Association between physical activity and self-regulation in early childhood: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13657. [PMID: 38049177 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity and self-regulation are important predictors of pediatric overweight and obesity. Young children (0-5 years) with lower physical activity levels and poorer self-regulation skills are at greater risk for overweight. Despite growing evidence that the two constructs are interrelated, their association remains unclear in young children. This review systematically summarized associations between physical activity and self-regulation in early childhood and explored the directionality of associations. Searches were run in six electronic databases. Forty-seven papers met inclusion criteria. Only three studies investigated all three domains of self-regulation (behavioral, cognitive, and emotional). Overall, findings were inconclusive; studies reported weak to moderate positive associations (n = 17), inverse associations (n = 5), mixed associations (n = 15), null association (n = 2), and negative (n = 1) between physical activity and self-regulation. Compared with the emotional and cognitive domains, physical activity was most consistently positively associated with behavioral self-regulation. Only one study assessed bidirectional associations, reporting a positive association. The three studies that included global self-regulation showed contradicting findings. There is some evidence that physical activity dose and sex potentially confound these associations; however, further research is needed given the paucity of studies. This review highlights the need for more in-depth investigation of the complex association between physical activity and global self-regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhigale F L D'Cruz
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ninoshka J D'Souza
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine L Downing
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cynthia Smith
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Sciberras
- Center for Social and Early Emotional Development (SEED), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kylie D Hesketh
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Eichner-Seitz N, Pate RR, Paul IM. Physical activity in infancy and early childhood: a narrative review of interventions for prevention of obesity and associated health outcomes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1155925. [PMID: 37293499 PMCID: PMC10244791 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1155925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of the childhood obesity epidemic, this narrative review aims to explore opportunities to promote physical activity (PA) between birth and age 5 years as well as the health outcomes associated with PA in early childhood. Although early childhood is an ideal time to promote healthy habits, guidelines for PA have often ignored early childhood given the limited evidence for children <5 years old. Herein we discuss and highlight infant, toddler and preschool age interventions to promote PA and prevent obesity both in the short and long-term. We describe novel and modified interventions to promote improved early childhood health outcomes, encompassing cardiorespiratory, muscle, and bone strengthening components necessary for short-term motor development and long-term health. We call for new research aimed at developing and testing innovative early childhood interventions that may be performed in home or childcare settings, monitored by parents or caregivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Eichner-Seitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Russell R. Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Ian M. Paul
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Biadgilign S, Mgutshini T, Deribew A, Gelaye B, Memiah P. Association of maternal psychological distress with children with overweight/obesity in Ethiopia. Child Care Health Dev 2023; 49:392-399. [PMID: 36073145 PMCID: PMC10087200 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor maternal mental health is a major risk factor for adverse offspring health outcomes, including overweight/obesity status. Maternal mental distress is highly prevalent and associated with parenting practices influencing child weight. To date, there is little information documented in Ethiopia on maternal mental distress and children with overweight/obesity status. This study examined the association between maternal mental distress and children with overweight/obesity among mother-child dyads in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS An observational population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among mother-child dyads in representative samples in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Maternal mental distress was measured using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ)-20. Child/adolescent overweight/obesity was defined as more than 1 SD above the median World Health Organization (WHO) growth reference. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS The prevalence of maternal mental distress and children with overweight/obesity was estimated to be 10.1% and 28.8%, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, including maternal education, maternal occupation, average monthly household income, maternal body mass index (BMI) and the number of household members/family size, maternal psychological distress was not associated with offspring overweight/obesity status (adjusted OR [aOR] = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.25, 1.14). CONCLUSIONS There is no evidence of an association between maternal psychological distress and children with overweight/obesity. This lack of association might be attributable to our cross-sectional study design. Future epidemiologic studies, particularly those using prospectively collected data, are warranted to examine better the effects of maternal psychological distress on offspring body weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sibhatu Biadgilign
- Department of Health Studies, College of Human Science, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Tennyson Mgutshini
- Department of Health Studies, College of Human Science, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Amare Deribew
- School of Public Health, Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Nutrition International, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bizu Gelaye
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,The Chester M. Pierce, MD Division of Global Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Memiah
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention: Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Richards AB, Sheldrick MP, Swindell N, Barker HG, Hudson J, Stratton G. Qualitative changes in children's physical activity and sedentary behaviours throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: The HomeSPACE project. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280653. [PMID: 36662771 PMCID: PMC9858462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Opportunities for children to be physically active during the COVID-19 pandemic were limited, resulting in a decrease in overall physical activity and an increase in sedentary behaviour during the lockdown restrictions of the pandemic. This study further explored these changes across various stages of the restrictions, starting during the first UK-wide lockdown in March 2020 through to the "new normal" in December 2021. Nine families, consisting of eleven children (36% girls, 64% boys; aged 13.38 years ± 1.14), eight mothers and one father were tracked throughout this time, using semi-structured interviews to explore the fluctuations in physical activity and sedentary behaviour in the home environment in the context of self-determination theory. Findings indicate that as restrictions eased, physical activity within the home decreased, as children were exposed to more opportunities at school and in the community; these opportunities seemingly increased children's motivation to be physically active through increasing levels of their basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Some children's physical activity levels have returned to pre-COVID-19 levels, with a newfound enjoyment for being physically active. Whilst others now prefer to pursue more sedentary behaviours that became habitual during the lockdown restrictions. Accessible opportunities now need to be promoted to drive up children's motivations to be physically active following the years of uncertainty around the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amie B. Richards
- Applied Sports Technology Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P. Sheldrick
- Applied Sports Technology Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Nils Swindell
- Applied Sports Technology Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Harriet G. Barker
- Applied Sports Technology Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Hudson
- Applied Sports Technology Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Stratton
- Applied Sports Technology Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Prioreschi A, Ong KK, Rolfe EDL, Westgate K, Micklesfield LK, Brage S. Associations between abdominal adiposity, body size and objectively measured physical activity in infants from Soweto, South Africa. Matern Child Health J 2022; 26:1632-1640. [PMID: 35612772 PMCID: PMC9329383 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-022-03406-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Considering the importance of the early life period, in conjunction with the increasing prevalence of adiposity and insufficient physical activity already evident in early childhood, this study aimed to determine associations between abdominal adiposity, body size, and objectively measured physical activity in infancy. METHODS Infants (n = 138, aged 3-24 months) from Soweto, South Africa were recruited to this cross-sectional study. Visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous abdominal fat (SAT) were measured using ultrasound. Physical activity was assessed using accelerometry and analysed at the hourly level. Multilevel linear regression analyses were run with body composition exposures adjusted for age, sex, and length; models with VAT and SAT were also adjusted for total abdominal fat. RESULTS Mean (SD) age was 11.8 (7.6) months; 86% were normal weight, 7% were underweight and 7% overweight. In linear models, no body composition variable was significantly associated with physical activity. Physical activity was higher with each increasing length tertile (ANOVA p < 0.01); with a mean(95%CI) 29(60-60)mg in the lowest tertile, 39(71-71)mg in the middle tertile, and 50(81-82)mg in the highest tertile. Infants with normal weight had higher mean(95%CI) physical activity (40(70-80)mg) than underweight (34(73-85)mg, p = 0.01) or overweight infants (31(63-78)mg, ANOVA p < 0.01). When also adjusting for total abdominal fat, infants in the lowest SAT tertile had higher physical activity than those in the middle or highest SAT tertiles (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These findings lend support for higher physical activity as a marker of healthy growth in the first two years of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Prioreschi
- SAMRC/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ken K Ong
- SAMRC/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emanuella De Lucia Rolfe
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Westgate
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa K Micklesfield
- SAMRC/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Assessment of the influence of physical activity and screen time on somatic features and physical fitness in 6 to 7-year-old girls. ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/anre-2021-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aim of the study is to assess the relationship between screen time, physical activity and physical fitness among girls 6–7 years-old.
21,528 girls aged 6 and 7 from Poland were assessed in terms of physical fitness. Arm strength, abdominal strength and explosive strength of the lower limbs were measured using the EUROFIT test. Basic somatic features were measured and BMI and WHtR indices were calculated. Spontaneous and organized physical activities as well screen time were assessed by the parents utilizing a questionnaire. The multiple logistic regression method was used to evaluate the influence of screen time and spontaneous physical activity on various components of physical fitness.
Physically active (PA) girls (≥1h/day) and those who participated in additional physical activities (APA) during the week had significantly higher height, weight, and BMI (p<0.001), but not WHtR. They had a higher level of flexibility, explosive strength of the lower limbs and arm strength (p<0.001). With an increase in screen time, the BMI, WHtR increased significantly and explosive strength of the lower limbs, abdominal strength and arm strength were lower. Regression analysis showed that more frequent participation in extracurricular activities increased the values of BMI and WHtR in quartile 4 (Q4), and strength components: Q2–Q4 (p<0.05). Spontaneous physical activity was positively related to the values of BMI, WHtR (both: Q4; p<0.05), explosive force of lower limbs (Q3–Q4; p=0.001), and negatively related to arm strength (Q2; p=0.001). Screen time (≥2hrs/day) increased odds for higher BMI values (p<0.05). Each screen time category decreased the odds of achieving abdominal muscle strength related to the quartiles: Q2–Q4 (p<0.05), arm strength (Q4: p<0.05). ST (1 <2hrs/day) decreased arm strength (Q3; p= 0.045). Our research has shown that screen time-related sedentary behavior and physical activity affect overweight and obesity indices (especially BMI) and strength abilities. The observed associations more often affected girls with a higher level of fitness The results observed in girls aged 6-7 indicate a need for early intervention aimed at limiting time spent watching TV and computer use, as well as to encourage both spontaneous and organized physical activities.
Collapse
|
8
|
Roscoe CMP, Duncan MJ, Clark CCT. The 24-h Movement Compositions in Weekday, Weekend Day or Four-Day Periods Differentially Associate with Fundamental Movement Skills. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:828. [PMID: 34682096 PMCID: PMC8534336 DOI: 10.3390/children8100828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between weekday, weekend day and four-day physical activity (PA) behaviours and fundamental movement skills (FMS) in British preschool children from a low socio-economic status background using compositional data analysis (CoDA). One hundred and eighty-five preschool children aged 3-4 years provided objectively assessed PA and sedentary behaviour (SB) data (GENEActiv accelerometer) and FMS (TGMD-2). The association of 24-h movement behaviours with FMS was explored using CoDA and isotemporal substitution (R Core Team, 3.6.1). When data were considered compositionally (SB, light PA (LPA), moderate and vigorous PA (MVPA)) and adjusted for age, BMI and sex, the weekday-derived composition predicted total motor competence (r2 = 0.07), locomotor (r2 = 0.08) and object control skills (r2 = 0.09); the weekend day-derived composition predicted total motor competence (r2 = 0.03) and object control skills (r2 = 0.03), the 4-day-derived composition predicted total motor competence (r2 = 0.07), locomotor (r2 = 0.07) and object control skills (r2 = 0.06) (all p < 0.05). Reallocation of 5 min of LPA at the expense of any behaviour was associated with significant improvements in total motor competence, locomotor and object control skills; for weekend-derived behaviours, MVPA was preferential. Considering movement behaviours over different time periods is required to better understand the effect of the 24-h movement composition on FMS in preschool children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J. Duncan
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5RW, UK;
| | - Cain C. T. Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5RW, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
McInvale Trejo K, Shaw-Ridley M. Barriers and enablers to nutrition and physical activity in Lima, Peru: an application of the Pen-3 cultural model among families living in pueblos jóvenes. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2021; 26:911-921. [PMID: 30870000 PMCID: PMC7117863 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2019.1591347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Childhood obesity is increasing in Latin America as nutrition status and economies transition. Peru is one such country with an emerging childhood obesity epidemic. The Peruvian Ministry of Health established goals for achieving reductions in overweight and obesity prevalence among children 5 years and younger by 2021. However, specific intervention strategies for achieving these goals are lacking. Culturally appropriate interventions guided by evidence-based theories are needed to address the emerging problem of overweight and obesity among young children. This study utilized the Pen-3 model, a culture-based conceptual framework to explore barriers and facilitators to healthy diet and physical activity for parents of young children in pueblos jóvenes communities. DESIGN A qualitative investigation was conducted as part of a larger cross-sectional survey study of parents of three and four-year-old children at five school sites in the peri-urban slum neighborhoods of southern Lima. Parents were asked to describe barriers and facilitators of healthy diet and physical activity for their preschoolers and families. Thematic analysis guided by PEN-3 model constructs assisted in identifying emergent themes. RESULTS Two domains of the Pen-3 model guided the elucidation of barriers and facilitators of health behaviors deemed essential to healthy diet and physical activity. Parental perceptions about neighborhood safety, lack of community resources, such as parks and recreation spaces, and lack of information about appropriate serving sizes and healthy recipes were identified as barriers. Facilitators to healthy behaviors included mothers' views on their role as nurturers, and personal values for family-centered health behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Parents identified specific barriers and facilitators of eating healthy and physical activity for their preschoolers and families living in resource poor areas of Peru. Health promotion professionals can utilize findings to inform the design of culturally appropriate family-based interventions in Peru's pueblos jóvenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen McInvale Trejo
- CRONICAS Centro de Excelencia en Efermedades Crónicas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Department of Epidemiology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mary Shaw-Ridley
- Behavioral Health Promotion and Education, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Willis EA, Hales D, Burney R, Smith FT, Vaughn AE, Ward DS. Providing Time in the Schedule Is Insufficient for Increasing Physical Activity in Childcare. TRANSLATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1249/tjx.0000000000000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
11
|
Coelho VAC, Tolocka RE. Levels, factors and interventions of preschool children physical activity: a systematic review. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2020; 25:5029-5039. [PMID: 33295520 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320202512.14332018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to complete a systematic review of research on the occurrence the levels of physical activity (PA), forms of intervention and factors associated with this practice among preschool children. Studies published in the period between 2006 and 2016 were investigated, using the PubMed and SPORTDiscus databases. The search terms identified 177 articles, of which 41 met the inclusion criteria. Goals, methodologies and results were analysed. The studies used various cut-off points to establish the desired level of PA, along with different types of interventions. Overall, the problem of low level of PA among preschool children appears to be increasing. Involvement and participation of parents and teachers, guidance from booklets and other information sources, parent instruction and availability of extracurricular activities were considered positive factors that tended to increase children's PA levels, whereas parental obesity was a negative factor. New studies to define sedentary behaviour in preschool children are required to clarify the nature of this problem, along with the establishment of prevention programmes with ecological design aimed at schools, families and other sectors of society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Antonio Cerignoni Coelho
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins. Av. Lourdes Solino s/n, Setor Universitário. 77650-000 Miracema do Tocantis TO Brasil.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Classroom Active Breaks to Increase Children's Physical Activity: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Province of Naples, Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186599. [PMID: 32927849 PMCID: PMC7560134 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Classroom Active Breaks (CABs), short active sessions integrated in the school time, have been recognized as a promising tool to reduce sedentary behavior and increase Physical Activity (PA) levels in children. “AulAttiva” is a six-month CABs-based program implemented in primary schools of the province of Naples. The aim of this study was to evaluate its effectiveness by comparing PA and sedentary time of participating pupils respect to a control group, considering also their weight status. Methods: Four third-grade classes, each from 4 schools out of 32 participating in AulAttiva, and 4 third-grade classes, each from 4 schools out of 74 that did not take part, were randomly selected. Finally, 58 children composed the intervention group and 57 the control group. Age, gender, weight and height were registered for each participant. Weight status was classified as non-overweight and overweight/obesity. Sedentary time and PA were assessed through accelerometers along a school day. Results: Light PA was 4 min higher in the AulAttiva group with respect to controls (p = 0.046). Within the non-overweight children, the AulAttiva group spent less time in sedentary behavior and more time in light and total PA than controls. No significant differences were found between the overweight/obese subgroups. Conclusions: The results support the effectiveness of CABs in increasing PA during the school day. Greater effects were registered among normal weight pupils, suggesting the possible influence of weight status on children’s participation to the intervention. Further studies are needed to improve the compliance of overweight/obese children to this intervention.
Collapse
|
13
|
Associations between parent and child physical activity and eating behaviours in a diverse sample: an ecological momentary assessment study. Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:2728-2736. [PMID: 32539887 DOI: 10.1017/s136898002000052x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study is a secondary data analysis that examines the association between parent modelling of dietary intake and physical activity and the same child behaviours among different races/ethnicities using innovative, rigorous and objective measures. DESIGN Ecological momentary assessment surveys were sent to parents to assess whether their child had seen them exercise or consume food. Dietary recall data and accelerometry were used to determine dietary intake and physical activity behaviours of children. SETTING Participants were randomly selected from primary care clinics, serving low-income and racially/ethnically diverse families in Minnesota, USA. PARTICIPANTS Participants were families with children aged 5-7 years old who lived with parents 50 % of the time and shared at least one meal together. RESULTS A 10 percentage point higher prevalence in parent modelling of fruit and vegetable intake was associated with 0·12 higher serving intake of those same foods in children. The prevalence of parent modelling of eating energy dense foods (10 % prevalence units) was associated with 0·09 higher serving intake of sugar-sweetened beverages. Furthermore, accelerometry-measured parent sedentary hours was strongly correlated with child sedentary time (0·37 child sedentary hours per parent sedentary hours). An exploratory interaction analysis did not reveal any statistical evidence that these relationships depended on the child's race/ethnic background. CONCLUSIONS Interventions that increase parent modelling of healthy eating and minimise modelling of energy dense foods may have favourable effects on child dietary quality. Additionally, future research is needed to clarify the associations of parent modelling of physical activity and children's physical activity levels.
Collapse
|
14
|
Obesity and Body Composition in Preschool Children with Different Levels of Actigraphy-Derived Physical Activity-A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041210. [PMID: 32340122 PMCID: PMC7230783 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed associations between physical activity (PA) and body composition in preschoolers remain unclear. The aim of this study was to assess body composition among preschool children differentiated according to their levels of PA and to assess whether meeting the current PA recommendations is associated with a lower risk of obesity, determined by body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BFP). Free-living PA was measured using accelerometers for 7 days in children aged 5 to 6 years. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to estimate body composition. Significant differences in content of BFP, fat-free mass (FFM), and total body water (TBW) were found between boys meeting and not meeting moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) recommendations. Meeting the MVPA recommendation was associated with a twofold lower risk of obesity determined by BFP in boys but not in girls. In contrast, the total number of recommended steps per day was not related to adiposity in boys or girls. No statistically significant differences were observed in body composition indices and quintiles of MVPA. Boys in the 3rd–5th quintiles of steps per day presented significantly lower BFP and higher muscle mass and TBW than their peers in quintile 1. However, different associations were observed between body composition indices and quintiles of PA.
Collapse
|
15
|
Khanom A, Evans BA, Lynch R, Marchant E, Hill RA, Morgan K, Rapport F, Lyons RA, Brophy S. Parent recommendations to support physical activity for families with young children: Results of interviews in deprived and affluent communities in South Wales (United Kingdom). Health Expect 2020; 23:284-295. [PMID: 31898386 PMCID: PMC7104648 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is the fourth leading cause of mortality worldwide. Early childhood is a critical period when healthy behaviours can be instilled for a future active lifestyle. We explored community, societal and environmental factors affecting child and family physical activity and sought parent recommendations to support physical activity in families with young children. METHODS We interviewed 61 parents expecting a child or with a baby ≤12 months (35 mother and father paired interviews and 26 interviews with mothers only). We purposively sampled families for neighbourhood deprivation status (Townsend Index; 26 affluent; 35 deprived). We conducted thematic analysis of interview transcripts using Bronfenbrenner's socio-ecological framework to guide interpretation. RESULTS We identified four themes: work family-life balance; spaces for activity; beliefs and attitudes; and physical activity facilitators. We found that parents from deprived neighbourhoods were more likely to be underactive because of a complex web of community, social and personal factors which reduced motivation and hindered opportunity for physical activity. To increase knowledge and opportunity, respondents suggested 'help not tell' messages covering 'why', 'how' and 'where' information about physical activity, and using physical activity to support community engagement and social interaction. CONCLUSIONS Recommendations from parents highlight effective communication about the importance of early child and family physical activity and improved community access to safe facilities and opportunities. Both parents need to be engaged in designing interventions to support greater physical activity and healthy behaviours which are relevant and achievable in individuals' lives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rebecca Lynch
- Swansea UniversitySwanseaUK
- National Centre for Mental HealthCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | | | - Rebecca A. Hill
- Swansea UniversitySwanseaUK
- Hywel Dda University Health BoardWalesUK
| | | | - Frances Rapport
- Swansea UniversitySwanseaUK
- Present address:
Macquarie UniversityMacquarie ParkNSWAustralia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Factors That Influence Participation in Classroom-Based Physical Activity Breaks in Head Start Preschoolers. J Phys Act Health 2020; 17:162-168. [PMID: 31805537 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2019-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activity breaks are an established way physical activity may be incorporated into the preschool day. The purpose of this study was to examine what factors influenced moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during a teacher-implemented classroom-based activity break (CBAB) in a Head Start population. METHODS Ten-minute CBAB was conducted over 2 days in a quasi-experimental design; 99 preschoolers (mean age 3.80 [0.65] y; 49.5% male) from a convenience sample participated. Accelerometers measured MVPA, fundamental motor skill competency was assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development-second edition, and weight classification status used body mass index percentiles. RESULTS A significant, moderate regression was found (r = .328, P = .001) between fundamental motor skill and MVPA. There was no significant correlation between body mass index percentile and MVPA during the CBAB. In addition, the locomotor subscale was the best predictor for MVPA for children during the CBAB (r = .32, β = 0.82, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS CBAB equally elicited MVPA for normal and overweight preschoolers. Fundamental motor skill competency was associated with MVPA during the CBAB; in particular, locomotor skills were the best predictor for physical activity. Structured activity opportunities that focus on locomotor skills may be a useful integration to prompt more MVPA in a preschool-age population.
Collapse
|
17
|
Wiersma R, Haverkamp BF, van Beek JH, Riemersma AM, Boezen HM, Smidt N, Corpeleijn E, Hartman E. Unravelling the association between accelerometer-derived physical activity and adiposity among preschool children: A systematic review and meta-analyses. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e12936. [PMID: 31833645 PMCID: PMC7050502 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Evidence on the association between physical activity (PA) and adiposity in young children is inconclusive. A systematic review and meta-analyses were conducted to examine associations between accelerometer-derived PA and varying adiposity outcomes in preschool children. Searches were conducted in Embase, MEDLINE and Web of Science to identify studies on the association between total PA, sedentary behaviour or different PA intensities and adiposity in children aged 2 to 7 years. Separate random effects meta-analyses were performed for varying PA intensities and adiposity outcomes. Fifty-six articles were included in the review and 48 in the meta-analyses. There was substantial evidence of an inverse association between moderate-to-vigorous- or vigorous PA and body fat percentage (stdβ [SE] = -0.162[0.041]; 5 studies), weight status (r = -0.120, P<.001; 11 studies), fat mass (stdβ [SE] = -0.103[0.051]; 5 studies), fat mass index (stdβ [SE] = -0.121[0.036]; 2 studies) and skinfold thickness (stdβ [SE] = -0.145[0.036]; 4 studies). However, total PA, sedentary behaviour, and different PA intensities were not associated with body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference. Adiposity levels were lower among preschool children engaged in more (moderate-to-) vigorous PA compared with their peers, but no associations between PA and BMI or waist circumference were found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rikstje Wiersma
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Barbara F. Haverkamp
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, Section F, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jasper H. van Beek
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - André M.J. Riemersma
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - H. Marike Boezen
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Nynke Smidt
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Eva Corpeleijn
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Esther Hartman
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, Section F, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Using Physical Activity to Enhance Health Outcomes Across the Life Span. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2020; 5:jfmk5010002. [PMID: 33467218 PMCID: PMC7739320 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk5010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity has been widely recognized as one of the primary determinants that proliferates positive psychophysiological health in individuals. Despite the numerous benefits of engaging in physical activity, a majority of the global population continues to be physically inactive or sedentary. The aim of this brief commentary is to capture the benefits of engaging in regular physical activity across the life span. In particular, this paper will highlight the benefits of engaging in regular physical activity with respect to age, gender, atypical populations, and lifestyle. Future research and recommendations have also been addressed.
Collapse
|
19
|
Kehoe SH, Krishnaveni GV, Veena S, Kiran KN, Karat SC, Dhubey A, Coakley P, Fall CHD. Active children are less adipose and insulin resistant in early adolescence; evidence from the Mysore Parthenon Cohort. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:503. [PMID: 31849318 PMCID: PMC6918651 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1855-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to determine whether physical activity volume and intensity in mid-childhood and early adolescence were associated with cardiometabolic risk factors at 13.5 years. Methods Participants were recruited from the Mysore Parthenon observational birth cohort. At ages 6–10 and 11–13 years, volume and intensity of physical activity were assessed using AM7164 or GT1M actigraph accelerometers worn for ≥4 days, and expressed as mean counts per day and percentage time spent in light, moderate and vigorous physical activity according to criteria defined by Evenson et al. At 13.5 years, fasting blood samples were collected; lipids, glucose and insulin concentrations were measured and insulin resistance (HOMA) was calculated. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured at the left arm using a Dinamap (Criticon). Anthropometry and bio-impedance analysis were used to assess body size and composition. Metabolic and anthropometric measures were combined to produce a metabolic syndrome risk score. Results At 6–10 years, boys and girls respectively spent a median (IQR) of 1.1 (0.5, 2.0) % and 0.8 (0.4, 1.3) % of recorded time vigorously active. At 11–13 years, boys and girls respectively spent a median (IQR) of 0.8 (0.4, 1.7) % and 0.3 (0.1, 0.6) % of time vigorously active. All of the physical activity parameters were positively correlated between the 6–10 year and the 11–13 year measurements indicating that physical activity tracked from childhood to early adolescence. There were no associations between physical activity at 6–10 years and individual 13.5 year risk factors but % time vigorously active was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome score (B = −0.40, 95% CI −0.75, 0.05). Volume of physical activity at 11–13 years was inversely associated with 13.5 year HOMA and fat percentage and vigorous physical activity was associated with HOMA, fat percentage, sum of skinfolds, waist circumference and total: HDL cholesterol ratio. Vigorous physical activity was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome score (B = −0.51, 95% CI −0.94, −0.08). Conclusions Volume and intensity of physical activity in early adolescence were negatively associated with metabolic and anthropometric risk factors. Interventions that aim to increase adolescent physical activity, especially vigorous, may prevent cardiometabolic disease in later life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H Kehoe
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Ghattu V Krishnaveni
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mandi Mohalla, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570021, India
| | - Sargoor Veena
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mandi Mohalla, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570021, India
| | - Krishnarajasagara N Kiran
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mandi Mohalla, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570021, India
| | - Samuel C Karat
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mandi Mohalla, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570021, India
| | - Asha Dhubey
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mandi Mohalla, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570021, India
| | - Patsy Coakley
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Caroline H D Fall
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Physical Activity and Fundamental Movement Skills of 3- to 5-Year-Old Children in Irish Preschool Services. JOURNAL OF MOTOR LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2018-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to quantify levels of physical activity (PA) and fundamental movement skills (FMS) of children aged 3 to 5 years in Irish preschool services during care hours, and investigate the relationship between these two variables. Data were collected from 141 children (50.3% boys, ageM = 3.9 ± 0.5 years) across 9 preschool services. Measurements included PA via accelerometry, and proficiency in four FMS (run, vertical jump, throw and catch). The recommended guideline of 15 minutes of PA per hour (min PA/hour) was met by 35% of children (M = 13.6 min PA/hour). Significant differences in mean PA per hour were found by gender, with boys (14.2 min PA/hour) more active than girls (13.0 min PA/ hour), and age, with younger children (14.2 min PA/hour) more active than older (12.6 minutes PA/hour). Percentage of children proficient in the run was high (88.4%), but low across the other skills (4.9%–18.5%). Significant differences were identified by gender for vertical jump with girls scoring higher than boys. No significant relationship was found between FMS and total PA. Low levels of PA and FMS proficiency highlight need for intervention in early years settings to ensure children develop skills to participate in PA.
Collapse
|
21
|
The Associations Between Environmental Characteristics of Early Childhood Education and Care Centers and 1-Year Change in Toddlers' Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior. J Phys Act Health 2019; 16:1000-1006. [PMID: 31476735 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2019-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the associations between environmental characteristics of early childhood education and care (ECEC) centers and 1-year change in toddlers' physical activity and sedentary behavior while at the centers. METHODS Data from 292 toddlers from the GET-UP! study were analyzed. Environmental characteristics of ECEC centers were rated using the Infant/Toddler Environment Rating Scale-revised edition at baseline. Children's physical activity and sedentary behavior in the centers were assessed using activPAL devices, at baseline and at 1-year follow-up. Linear mixed models were performed to examine the associations between the environmental characteristics and change in the proportion of time spent in physical activity and sedentary behavior. RESULTS Compared with baseline, children spent a higher proportion of time in sedentary behavior (sitting) but a lower proportion of time in standing and physical activity (stepping) while at ECEC centers, at 1-year follow-up. The environmental characteristics "interaction" (B = -1.39; P = .01) and "program structure" (B = -1.15; P = .04) were negatively associated with change in the proportion of time spent in physical activity. CONCLUSION Better "interaction" and "program structure" may preclude children's physical activity from declining over time and may be considered important features to target in future interventions in ECEC centers aiming at promoting active lifestyles.
Collapse
|
22
|
Arhab A, Messerli-Bürgy N, Kakebeeke TH, Stülb K, Zysset A, Leeger-Aschmann CS, Schmutz EA, Meyer AH, Munsch S, Kriemler S, Jenni OG, Puder JJ. Association of physical activity with adiposity in preschoolers using different clinical adiposity measures: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:397. [PMID: 31672126 PMCID: PMC6824011 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1764-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More research is needed about the association between physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB), and adiposity in preschoolers, particularly using more direct clinical measures of adiposity. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the association between objectively measured PA and different clinical adiposity measures in a large sample of preschoolers. METHODS Four hundred sixty-three predominantly normal-weight (77%) 2-6-year-old preschool children participated in the Swiss Preschoolers' Health Study (SPLASHY). Physical activity was measured using accelerometers and was analyzed using 15-s (uni-axial) epoch length using validated cut-offs. Adiposity measures included body mass index (BMI), the sum of four skinfolds, and waist circumference (WC). Multilevel linear regression modeling, adjusted for age, sex and wear time, was used to assess the association between PA and SB with BMI, WC, and skinfold thickness. RESULTS Total PA and different PA intensities were positively and SB was inversely associated with BMI in the total sample and in the normal-weight children (p < 0.05). Total PA was inversely associated with skinfold thickness in overweight and obese children (p < 0.05), while there was only a weak association for vigorous PA (p > 0.05). Moderate and moderate-to-vigorous PA were positively, and SB was negatively associated with WC in the total sample and in the normal-weight children (p < 0.05). Additional adjustment for potential sociocultural and biological confounding variables attenuated some of the results. CONCLUSIONS In this very young and predominantly normal-weight population, PA is positively related to BMI and WC, but this relationship is not observed in overweight and obese children. In this latter population, PA is inversely, and SB is positively related to skinfold thickness. Skinfold thickness could represent a useful and simple clinical measure of body fat in preschoolers. The role of vigorous PA in the prevention of early childhood obesity should be further investigated in future studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN ISRCTN41045021 . Retrospectively registered 06 May 2014.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amar Arhab
- Obstetric Service, Department Women-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Messerli-Bürgy
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Child Psychology and Biological Psychotherapy, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Tanja H. Kakebeeke
- Child Development Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Stülb
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Child Psychology and Biological Psychotherapy, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Annina Zysset
- Child Development Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Einat A. Schmutz
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea H. Meyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Simone Munsch
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Susi Kriemler
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oskar G. Jenni
- Child Development Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jardena J. Puder
- Obstetric Service, Department Women-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Roscoe CMP, James RS, Duncan MJ. Accelerometer-Based Physical Activity Levels Differ between Week and Weekend Days in British Preschool Children. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2019; 4:jfmk4030065. [PMID: 33467380 PMCID: PMC7739425 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk4030065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Participation in physical activity (PA) is fundamental to children's future health. Studies examining the temporal pattern of PA between weekdays and weekends in British preschool children are lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare PA levels between week and weekend days for UK preschool children, using objective measurements. One hundred and eighty-five preschool children (99 boys, 86 girls, aged 4-5 years), from central England wore a triaxial accelerometer (GENEActiv) for 4 days to determine PA. The time (min) and percentage (%) of time spent in light, moderate and vigorous PA (MVPA) was determined using specific cut-points for counts per minute related to 3-5 year olds. Of the sample, none of the children met the UK recommended 180 min or more of PA per day. A significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed between the amount of time that preschool children spent in sedentary behaviours on weekdays (91.9%) compared to weekend days (96.9%). During weekdays and weekend days, 6.3% and 2.0% of time was spent in MVPA, respectively. Therefore, a substantial proportion of British preschool children's day is spent in sedentary behaviours, with less MVPA accrued during the weekend. Regular engagement during the weekdays provides opportunities to accrue PA, which may not be present on weekend days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare M. P. Roscoe
- Human Sciences Research Centre, University of Derby, Kedleston Road, Derby DE22 1GB, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1332-591284
| | - Rob S. James
- Centre for Applied Biological and Exercise Sciences, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK; (R.S.J.); (M.J.D.)
| | - Michael J. Duncan
- Centre for Applied Biological and Exercise Sciences, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK; (R.S.J.); (M.J.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yin Z, Ullevig SL, Sosa E, Liang Y, Olmstead T, Howard JT, Errisuriz VL, Estrada VM, Martinez CE, He M, Small S, Schoenmakers C, Parra-Medina D. Study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial to test "¡Míranos! Look at Us, We Are Healthy!" - an early childhood obesity prevention program. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:190. [PMID: 31179916 PMCID: PMC6556954 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1541-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One in three Head Start children is either overweight or obese. We will test the efficacy of an early childhood obesity prevention program, "¡Míranos! Look at Us, We Are Healthy!" (¡Míranos!), which promotes healthy growth and targets multiple energy balance-related behaviors in predominantly Latino children in Head Start. The ¡Míranos! intervention includes center-based (policy changes, staff development, gross motor program, and nutrition education) and home-based (parent engagement/education and home visits) interventions to address key enablers and barriers in obesity prevention in childcare. In partnership with Head Start, we have demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of the proposed interventions to influence energy balance-related behaviors favorably in Head Start children. METHODS Using a three-arm cluster randomized controlled design, 12 Head Start centers will be randomly assigned in equal number to one of three conditions: 1) a combined center- and home-based intervention, 2) center-based intervention only, or 3) comparison. The interventions will be delivered by trained Head Start staff during the academic year. A total of 444 3-year-old children (52% females; n = 37 per center at baseline) in two cohorts will be enrolled in the study and followed prospectively 1 year post-intervention. Data collection will be conducted at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and at the one-year follow-up and will include height, weight, physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors, sleep duration and screen time, gross motor development, dietary intake and food and activity preferences. Information on family background, parental weight, PA- and nutrition-related practices and behaviors, PA and nutrition policy and environment at center and home, intervention program costs, and treatment fidelity will also be collected. DISCUSSION With endorsement and collaboration of two local Head Start administrators, ¡Míranos!, as a culturally tailored obesity prevention program, is poised to provide evidence of efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a policy and environmental approach to prevent early onset of obesity in low-income Latino preschool children. ¡Míranos! can be disseminated to various organized childcare settings, as it is built on the Head Start program and its infrastructure, which set a gold standard for early childhood education, as well as current PA and nutrition recommendations for preschool children. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.Gov ( NCT03590834 ) July 18, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zenong Yin
- Department of Kinesiology, Health and Nutrition, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Sarah L. Ullevig
- Department of Kinesiology, Health and Nutrition, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Erica Sosa
- Department of Kinesiology, Health and Nutrition, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Yuanyuan Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, The University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Todd Olmstead
- Department of Mexican American and Latina/o Studies Austin, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX USA
| | - Jeffrey T. Howard
- Department of Kinesiology, Health and Nutrition, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Vanessa L. Errisuriz
- Department of Mexican American and Latina/o Studies Austin, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX USA
| | - Vanessa M. Estrada
- Department of Kinesiology, Health and Nutrition, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Cristina E. Martinez
- Department of Kinesiology, Health and Nutrition, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Meizi He
- Department of Kinesiology, Health and Nutrition, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Sharon Small
- Parent/Child Incorporated of San Antonio and Bexar County, San Antonio, TX USA
| | | | - Deborah Parra-Medina
- Department of Mexican American and Latina/o Studies Austin, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang L, Jansen W, Boere‐Boonekamp MM, Vlasblom E, L'Hoir MP, Beltman M, van Grieken A, Raat H. Sleep and body mass index in infancy and early childhood (6-36 mo): a longitudinal study. Pediatr Obes 2019; 14:e12506. [PMID: 30659783 PMCID: PMC6590411 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relatively, few longitudinal studies have evaluated the association between sleep and body mass index (BMI) among younger children. In addition, few studies have evaluated the bidirectional longitudinal association between sleep duration and child BMI. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study is to determine in children aged 6 to 36 months (1) the cross-sectional association of sleep duration and sleep problems with child BMI z score, (2) whether sleep duration predicts changes in child BMI z score, and (3) and whether BMI z score can predict changes in child sleep duration. METHODS This study used longitudinal data from the BeeBOFT study (N = 2308). Child sleep duration and sleep problems (indicated by night awakenings and sleep-onset latency) were parent reported, and child BMI was measured using a standardized protocol by trained healthcare professionals at approximately 6, 14, and 36 months of age. Linear mixed models and linear regression models were applied to assess the cross-sectional and bidirectional longitudinal associations between sleep and BMI z scores. RESULTS Cross sectionally, shorter sleep duration was associated with higher BMI z scores at 14 (β = -0.034, P < 0.05) and 36 months (β = -0.045, P < 0.05). Sleep duration at 6 or 14 months did not predict BMI z score at either 14 or 36 months. Higher BMI z scores at 6 months predicted shorter sleep duration (hours) at 14 months (β = -0.129, P < 0.001). No association was found between sleep problems and child BMI z scores. CONCLUSIONS Cross-sectional associations between shorter sleep duration and higher BMI z score emerged in early childhood (age 14 and 36 mo). Higher BMI z scores may precede shorter sleep duration but not vice versa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Public HealthErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Wilma Jansen
- Department of Public HealthErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands,Department of youth and educationCity of RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Magda M. Boere‐Boonekamp
- Department Health Technology and Services Research, Technical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands
| | | | - Monique P. L'Hoir
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Subdivision Human NutritionWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Amy van Grieken
- Department of Public HealthErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Hein Raat
- Department of Public HealthErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Leeger-Aschmann CS, Schmutz EA, Zysset AE, Kakebeeke TH, Messerli-Bürgy N, Stülb K, Arhab A, Meyer AH, Munsch S, Jenni OG, Puder JJ, Kriemler S. Accelerometer-derived physical activity estimation in preschoolers - comparison of cut-point sets incorporating the vector magnitude vs the vertical axis. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:513. [PMID: 31060538 PMCID: PMC6501292 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6837-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ActiGraph accelerometers are a widely used tool to objectively measure physical activity (PA) behavior in young children and several validated cut-point sets exist to estimate time spent in different PA intensities (sedentary time, light PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA). Applying different cut-point sets leads to large and meaningful differences in results. So far, only cut-point sets validated for the vertical axis have been compared and only the influence on time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA has been analyzed. Methods A range of validated cut-point sets with their respective epoch length was applied to analyze cross-sectional data of the Swiss Preschoolers’ Health Study (SPLASHY): 1) Vertical axis in combination with an epoch length of 15 s (VA-15), 2) Vertical axis in combination with an epoch length of 60 s (VA-60) and 3) Vector magnitude in combination with an epoch length of 60 s (VM-60). PA was measured for eight consecutive days using ActiGraph accelerometers (wGT3X-BT). Three days were required to be included in the analysis (minimum two weekdays and one weekend-day with at least ten hours recording per day). Results Four hundred forty-five preschoolers (mean age 3.9 ± 0.5 years; 46% girls) had valid accelerometer measurements. A longer epoch (VA-60 vs VA-15) resulted in 2% less sedentary time (ST), 18% more light PA (LPA) and 51% less moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA); using the vector magnitude compared to the vertical axis (VM-60 vs VA-60) resulted in 34% less ST, 27% more LPA and 63% more MVPA (all p ≤ 0.001). Comparing all three sets of cut-points, ST ranged from 4.0 to 6.2 h, LPA from 5.1 to 7.6 h and MVPA from 0.8 to 1.6 h. Conclusions Estimated time spent in different PA intensities was strongly influenced by the choice of cut-point sets. Both, axis selection and epoch length need to be considered when comparing different studies especially when they relate PA behavior to health. The differences in the prevalence of children fulfilling PA guidelines highlight the relevance of these findings. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN41045021 (date of registration: 21.03.2014). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-6837-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia S Leeger-Aschmann
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Einat A Schmutz
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annina E Zysset
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tanja H Kakebeeke
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Messerli-Bürgy
- Clinical Child Psychology & Biological Psychology, University of Fribourg, Rue P.A. de Faucigny 2, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Obstetric service, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Avenue Pierre Decker 2, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Stülb
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Fribourg, Rue P.A. de Faucigny 2, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Amar Arhab
- Obstetric service, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Avenue Pierre Decker 2, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea H Meyer
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Fribourg, Rue P.A. de Faucigny 2, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 62A, 4055, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simone Munsch
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Fribourg, Rue P.A. de Faucigny 2, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Oskar G Jenni
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jardena J Puder
- Obstetric service, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Avenue Pierre Decker 2, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Susi Kriemler
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mansori K, Khateri S, Moradi Y, Khazaei Z, Mirzaei H, Hanis SM, Aliabadi MA, Ranjbaran M, Varse F, Parang S. Prevalence of obesity and overweight in Iranian children aged less than 5 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2019; 62:206-212. [PMID: 31096744 PMCID: PMC6584232 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2018.07255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight in Iranian children under 5 years of age using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We searched MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, CINHAL, and the Iranian databases, including Scientific Information Database (www.sid.ir), Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (Irandoc.ac.ir), Iranmedex (www.iranmedex.com), and Magiran (www.magiran.com), for all articles published between January 1989 and August 2017. Sources of heterogeneity were determined using subgroup analysis and meta-regression. Results Six articles were ultimately included in the meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence, based on which the prevalence of obesity and overweight were estimated to be 8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6%–10%) and 9% (95% CI, 7%–11%), respectively. The results of the subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of obesity in boys and girls was 9% (95% CI, 6%–13%) and 7% (95% CI, 4–10%), respectively, and the prevalence of overweight in boys and girls was 10% (95% CI, 5%–15%) and 9% (95% CI, 5%–13%), respectively. Conclusion Despite high heterogeneity among the results of the articles included in the meta-analysis, the prevalence of obesity and overweight is higher in Iranian children under 5 years of age. Therefore, parents and the health system must pay more attention to the lifestyle, nutritional habits, and physical activity of these children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Mansori
- Student Research Committee, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sorour Khateri
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Yousef Moradi
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zaher Khazaei
- Student Research Committee, Sabzevar University of Medical Science, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirzaei
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shiva Mansouri Hanis
- School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Asadi Aliabadi
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ranjbaran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Varse
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Serveh Parang
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lu C, Wiersma R, Shen T, Huang G, Corpeleijn E. Physical activity patterns by objective measurements in preschoolers from China. CHILD AND ADOLESCENT OBESITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/2574254x.2019.1585178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Congchao Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Centre for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rikstje Wiersma
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Center for Human Movement Sciences Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tong Shen
- Tianjin University kindergarten, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Centre for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Eva Corpeleijn
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
The Influence of Home and School Environments on Children's Diet and Physical Activity, and Body Mass Index: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach. Matern Child Health J 2019; 22:364-375. [PMID: 29094228 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-017-2386-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The home and school environments play important roles in influencing children's health behaviours. However, their simultaneous influence on childhood obesity has not yet been examined. We explore the relationship of the home and school environments with childhood obesity, to determine whether this relationship is mediated by children's fruit and vegetable intake and physical behaviours. Methods This study uses baseline data from 9 to 11 year old children, their parents and school principals (matched data n = 2466) from the Obesity Prevention and Lifestyle Project. Child-reported behaviours, parent-reported home environment and principal-reported school environment data were collected via questionnaires. Trained researchers measured children's height and weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI, kg/m2) was calculated. Structural equation modelling was used to assess the relationship of the home and school environments with children's fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity behaviours, and children's BMI. Result The home diet environment was positively associated with child diet (β = 0.18, p < 0.001). The home physical activity environment had the largest inverse association with BMI (β = - 0.11, p < 0.001), indirectly through child physical activity (β = 0.28 ,p < 0.001). Schools' healthy eating policy implementation was significantly associated with child diet (β = 0.52, p < 0.05), but physical activity policy was not associated with child activity (β = - 0.007, p > 0.05). The school environment was not associated with child BMI. Discussion The home environment had a stronger association with healthier child behaviours, compared to the school environment. These findings suggest that future childhood obesity interventions targeting healthier home environments and supporting parents can promote healthier child eating and physical activity behaviours.
Collapse
|
30
|
A Systematic Review of Data Collection Techniques Used to Measure Preschool Children's Knowledge of and Preference for Physical Activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16060964. [PMID: 30889836 PMCID: PMC6466374 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16060964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Early childhood has been identified as a crucial period in which children develop physical activity preferences and behaviors. Both the knowledge of and preferences for physical activity are key proximal indicators of activity choices in children. Thus, accurate data collection tools are required to measure these variables. This review evaluates the data collection techniques that have been utilised to assess preschool children’s knowledge of and preference for physical activity, and examines the validity and reliability of existing techniques. Methods: A systematic search for relevant studies published from 1980 through to December 2017 was conducted via ProQuest, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, ERIC, PubMed, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect. Results: Fourteen studies were eligible for inclusion in the review. The identified studies employed a limited but disparate range of techniques to assess children’s physical activity knowledge and preferences. Findings reveal that four techniques were consistently used across the reviewed studies, including: interviews, structured play-based activities, questionnaires, and observations. Only four out of 14 included studies reported the assessment of the validity of the data collection tool used, and six reported testing the measures for at least one type of reliability. Conclusion: There is a need for validated and reliable measures to assess children’s knowledge of and preference for physical activity. Greater consideration is required to align data collection techniques with the characteristics, needs and abilities of this study population.
Collapse
|
31
|
A computer-based incentivized food basket choice tool: Presentation and evaluation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210061. [PMID: 30629643 PMCID: PMC6328152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To develop and evaluate a low-cost computer-based tool to elicit dietary choices in an incentive compatible manner, which can be used on-line or as part of a laboratory study. Methods The study was conducted with around 255 adults. Respondents were asked to allocate a fixed monetary budget across a choice of around a hundred grocery items with the prospect of receiving these items with some probability delivered to their home by a real supermarket. The tool covers a broad range of food items, allows inference of macro-nutrients and calories, and allows the researcher to fix the choice set participants can choose from. We compare the information derived from our incentivized tool, and compare it to alternative low-cost ways of measuring dietary intake, namely the food frequency questionnaire and a one-shot version of the 24-hour dietary recall, which are both based on self-reports. We compare the calorie intake indicators derived from each tool with a number of biometric measures for each subject, namely weight, body-mass-index (BMI) and waist size. Results The results show that the dietary information collected is only weakly correlated across the three methods. We find that only the calorie intake measure from our incentivized tool is positively and significantly related to each of the biometric indicators. Specifically, a 10% increase in calorie intake is associated with a 1.5% increase in BMI. By contrast, we find no significant correlations for either of the two measures based on self-reports. Conclusion The computer-based tool is a promising new, low-cost measure of dietary choices, particularly in one-shot situations where such behaviours are only observed once, whereas other tools like 24-hour dietary recalls and food frequency questionnaires may be more suited when they are administered repeatedly. The tool may be useful for research conducted with limited time and budget.
Collapse
|
32
|
Roscoe CMP, James RS, Duncan MJ. Accelerometer-based physical activity levels, fundamental movement skills and weight status in British preschool children from a deprived area. Eur J Pediatr 2019; 178:1043-1052. [PMID: 31065843 PMCID: PMC6565650 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-019-03390-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Preschool children are recommended to participate in a minimum of 180-min physical activity (PA) per day to enhance their development and overall health. Low PA and increased obesity are thought to be linked to low mastery of fundamental movement skills (FMS) in preschool children. This study sought to investigate whether FMS influences PA levels and weight status in preschool children, in an area of low socioeconomic status. Secondary aims of this study were to determine whether gender or day of the week affected the primary outcomes. One hundred eighty-five preschool children aged 3-4 years old, participated in the study. FMS proficiency was determined using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2. PA was determined using triaxial accelerometry over a 4-day period. None of the samples met the recommended 180 min of PA. There were no significant differences in PA or weight status between preschool children with high, medium or low FMS mastery (P < 0.05). There were also no significant correlations between overall FMS and moderate to vigorous PA during the week or weekend days.Conclusion: Girls scored significantly greater at the hop, leap, and skip (locomotor skills) and the boys significantly higher at the kick (object control) (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in PA or weight status between preschool children with high, medium, or low FMS mastery, possibly because FMS mastery had not developed to a high enough level to affect PA and FMS are considered independent of physical fitness and physical features, such as weight and height. What is Known: •FMS are commonly developed in early childhood, providing the building blocks for future motor skills, good health and lifelong PA. •No study to date has measured FMS, PA levels and weight status in preschool children, to determine whether FMS competency influences PA levels and weight status in preschool children, in an area of low SES. What is New: •FMS competency did not appear to influence the level of PA or weight status in this sample of UK preschool children from a low SES area. •PA and FMS may not be fully established and consequently not strongly linked at the ages of 3-4 years, therefore, the preschool years could be influential in providing a window to maximise input of good/optimal development of motor competence before the proficiency barrier sets in and we need remedial intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare M. P. Roscoe
- 0000 0001 2232 4004grid.57686.3aHuman Sciences Research Centre, University of Derby, Kedleston Road, Derby, DE22 1GB UK
| | - Rob S. James
- 0000000106754565grid.8096.7Centre for Applied Biological and Exercise Sciences, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry, CV1 5FB UK
| | - Michael J. Duncan
- 0000000106754565grid.8096.7Centre for Applied Biological and Exercise Sciences, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry, CV1 5FB UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sousa-Sá E, Pereira JR, Zhang Z, Veldman SLC, Okely AD, Santos R. Association between breaks in sitting time and adiposity in Australian toddlers: Results from the GET-UP! study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 29:259-265. [PMID: 30350893 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In youth, research on the health benefits of breaking up sitting time is inconsistent. Our aim was to explore the association between the number of breaks in sitting time and adiposity in Australian toddlers. METHODS This study comprised 266 toddlers (52% boys), aged 19.6 ± 4.2 months from the GET-UP! Study, Australia. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and z-scores by age and sex were computed for waist circumference (WC). Participants were classified as overweight according to the WHO criteria for BMI. For WC, participants with a z-score≥1SD were considered overweight. Sitting time was assessed with activPALs during childcare hours and participants were classified by tertiles of the number of breaks/h in sitting time: <26 breaks/h; 26-39 breaks/h, and >39 breaks/h. Logistic regression assessed odds ratios for non-overweight (BMI or waist circumference categories) by number of breaks in sitting time/h, controlling for age, sex, and socioeconomic status. RESULTS The number of breaks in sitting time significantly predicted a lower weight status (non-overweight) according to WC values (P for trend = 0.032) after adjustments. CONCLUSIONS Breaking up sitting time was positively associated with toddlers' waist circumference. Future studies are needed to determine whether breaking up sitting time is a protective for cardiometabolic health in toddlers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Sousa-Sá
- Early Start, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - João R Pereira
- Early Start, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Zhiguang Zhang
- Early Start, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sanne L C Veldman
- Early Start, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony D Okely
- Early Start, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rute Santos
- Early Start, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologia, Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Marshall SA, Ip EH, Suerken CK, Arcury TA, Saldana S, Daniel SS, Quandt SA. Relationship between maternal depression symptoms and child weight outcomes in Latino farmworker families. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2018; 14:e12614. [PMID: 29740933 PMCID: PMC6298031 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to characterize depressive symptoms among mothers in Latino farmworker families, determine if maternal depression increases children's risk of obesity, and ascertain whether relevant risk factors such as physical activity, diet, and feeding style mediate this relationship. Mothers from 248 families completed the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale 9 times over a 2-year period. Four distinct patterns were used to describe mothers: few symptoms, moderate episodic symptoms, severe episodic symptoms, and chronic symptoms. Approximately two-thirds of women experienced moderate symptoms of depression at least once. Children of mothers fitting each pattern were compared. At the end of the study, children of mothers with severe episodic and chronic symptoms were significantly more likely to be overweight and obese than children of mothers with few symptoms (p < .05). After controlling for covariates, differences in weight status for children of mothers with severe episodic symptoms remained significant. Children of mothers with either moderate episodic or chronic symptoms were fed in a less responsive fashion (p < .05), and children of chronically symptomatic mothers had lower diet quality (p < .01). Although nonresponsive feeding has been linked to childhood obesity, in this analysis, feeding style did not mediate the relationship between maternal depression and diet quality. Elevated levels of depressive symptoms are common in this population, and those symptoms, especially when severe or chronic in nature, may increase children's risk of obesity. Additional research is needed to characterize the pathways through which maternal depression influences children's weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward H. Ip
- Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Sara A. Quandt
- Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Erinosho T, Vaughn A, Hales D, Mazzucca S, Gizlice Z, Treadway C, Kelly A, Ward D. The quality of nutrition and physical activity environments of child-care centers across three states in the southern U.S. Prev Med 2018; 113:95-101. [PMID: 29719221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study assessed the quality of nutrition and physical activity environments of child-care centers in three southern states and examined differences by rural versus urban location, participation in the Child and Adult Care Food Program, and Head Start status. The sample included 354 centers that enroll children aged 2-5: 154 centers from Georgia, 103 from Kentucky, and 97 centers from Mississippi. Directors and 1-2 teachers per center completed the Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation Self-Report (EPAO-SR) tool that assesses nutrition and physical activity environments of child-care centers. The EPAO-SR items were scored to capture six nutrition domains and six physical activity domains that were averaged and then summed to create a combined nutrition and physical activity environment score (range = 0-36); higher scores indicated that centers met more best practices, which translated to higher-quality environments. Overall, the centers had an average combined nutrition and physical activity environment score of 20.2 out of 36. The scores did not differ between rural and urban centers (mean = 20.3 versus 20.2, p = 0.98). Centers in the Child and Adult Care Food Program had higher combined nutrition and physical activity environment scores than non-participating centers (mean = 20.6 versus 19.1, p < 0.01). Head Start centers also had higher combined environment scores than non-Head Start centers (mean = 22.3 versus 19.6, p < 0.01). Findings highlight the vital role of federal programs in supporting healthy child-care environments. Providing technical assistance and training to centers that are not enrolled in well-regulated, federally-funded programs might help to enhance the quality of their nutrition and physical activity environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Temitope Erinosho
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Amber Vaughn
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Derek Hales
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie Mazzucca
- Prevention Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ziya Gizlice
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cayla Treadway
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra Kelly
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dianne Ward
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Fu Y, Burns RD, Constantino N, Zhang P. Differences in Step Counts, Motor Competence, and Enjoyment Between an Exergaming Group and a Non-Exergaming Group. Games Health J 2018; 7:335-340. [PMID: 29989430 DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2017.0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an exergaming program on physical activity, motor competence, and enjoyment in preschool children. MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample of 65 preschool children was recruited from an urban preschool located in the Western United States. Children were randomly assigned to either an exergaming (n = 36) or a free-play group (n = 29). The intervention was 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 12 weeks for both groups, and all outcome variables were measured once during the final week of the intervention. The exergaming program included three active videogames: GoNoodles, Adventure to Fitness, and Cosmic Kids Yoga. Children in the free-play group were offered a variety of sport activities. School-day step counts were recorded using pedometers, motor competence was assessed by the Test for Gross Motor Development-Edition 3 (TGMD-3), and enjoyment was accessed using one subscale of the Intrinsic Motivational Inventory. A 2 × 2 multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) test was employed to examine the differences between sexes and groups on the outcome variables. RESULTS The omnibus MANOVA yielded a statistically significant multivariate group main effect (F = 3.71, P = 0.016). Follow-up tests revealed statistically significant differences between groups on average school step counts (mean difference = 785 steps, P = 0.003, d = 0.68) and total TGMD-3 scores (mean difference = 8.7, P = 0.019, d = 0.51), with the exergaming group displaying higher mean scores compared with the free-play group. CONCLUSION Young children who were randomly assigned to the exergaming group demonstrated higher school-day step counts and higher motor competence levels compared with the free-play group. These results support the use of this modality in childcare settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You Fu
- 1 School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Reno , Reno, Nevada
| | - Ryan D Burns
- 2 Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Recreation, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Nora Constantino
- 1 School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Reno , Reno, Nevada
| | - Peng Zhang
- 3 Department of Exercise Science, East Stroudsburg University , East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nejadsadeghi E, Sadeghi R, Shojaeizadeh D, Yekaninejad MS, Djazayeri A, Majlesi F. Influence of lifestyle factors on Body Mass Index in preschoolers in Behbahan city, southwest Iran, 2016. Electron Physician 2018; 10:6725-6732. [PMID: 29881537 PMCID: PMC5984029 DOI: 10.19082/6725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim The body mass index (BMI) of Iranian preschoolers is noticeably increasing. Thus, studying the factors influencing BMI in preschool children is crucial. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of lifestyle factors on BMI of preschool children, residing in Behbahan city, southwest Iran, in 2016. Methods A total of 120 preschool children, aged 4 to 6 years, participated in this cross-sectional study. Multi-stage random sampling was done. Using researcher-developed questionnaires whose validity and reliability was confirmed, demographic and lifestyle data were obtained, as the questionnaires were completed by the subject's mothers. Lifestyle factors included physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, sugar-free beverage intake, and screen time. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to analyze the influence of lifestyle-related behaviors on BMI. Data were analyzed by means of the SPSS 22 software and p<0.05 was resulted as the meaningful level of statistics. Results The average BMI values for children was 15.13±1.90 kg/m2. A total of 88.3% of children did not receive 5 cups of fruits and vegetables each day. Also, 12.5% consumed more than one serving of sweetened beverages per day. Only 2.5% engaged in 60 minutes of structured physical activity every day and 40% did not limit screen-time viewing to 2 hours per day or less. The findings indicated that the physical activity and screen time affected the BMI (p<0.05), and the duration of physical activity had inverse relationship with obesity, and screen time was directly related to obesity. Conclusion Understanding the factors affecting the BMI of preschool children can inform the development of interventions to impact children's weight-related behavior and it can be used as the basis for future healthy body weight policies. Efforts to lower the obesity rate of preschoolers should be focused on the lifestyle behaviors, especially on the physical activity and screen time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Nejadsadeghi
- Ph.D. Student of Health Education and Promotion, Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Sadeghi
- Ph.D. of Health Education and Promotion, Associate Professor, Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davoud Shojaeizadeh
- Ph.D. of Health Education and Promotion, Professor, Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Ph.D. of Biostatistics, Assistant Professor, Department of Biostatistics and epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolghassem Djazayeri
- Ph.D. of Nutrition, Professor, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Majlesi
- Ph.D. of Maternal and Child Health, Professor, Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Adams EL, Marini ME, Stokes J, Birch LL, Paul IM, Savage JS. INSIGHT responsive parenting intervention reduces infant's screen time and television exposure. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2018; 15:24. [PMID: 29544506 PMCID: PMC5855973 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-018-0657-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sedentary behaviors, including screen time, in childhood have been associated with an increased risk for overweight. Beginning in infancy, we sought to reduce screen time and television exposure and increase time spent in interactive play as one component of a responsive parenting (RP) intervention designed for obesity prevention. Methods The Intervention Nurses Start Infants Growing on Healthy Trajectories (INSIGHT) study is a randomized trial comparing a RP intervention with a safety control intervention. Primiparous mother-newborn dyads (N = 279) were randomized after childbirth. Research nurses delivered intervention content at infant ages 3, 16, 28, and 40 weeks and research center visits at 1 and 2 years. As one component of INSIGHT, developmentally appropriate messages on minimizing screen time, reducing television exposure in the home, and promoting parent-child engagement through interactive play were delivered. Mothers self-reported their infant’s screen time at ages 44 weeks, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 years; interactive play was reported at 8 and 20 weeks and 2 years. Results More RP than control parents reported their infants met the American Academy of Pediatrics’ no screen time recommendation at 44 weeks (53.0% vs. 30.2%) and at 1 year on weekdays (42.5% vs. 27.6%) and weekends (45.5% vs. 26.8%), but not after age 1 year. RP mothers and RP children had less daily screen time than controls at each time point (p ≤ 0.01). Fewer RP than control group mothers reported the television was ever on during infant meals (p < 0.05). The frequency of tummy time and floor play did not differ by study group; approximately 95% of infants spent time in restrictive devices (i.e. swing) at 8 and 20 weeks. At 2 years of age, there were no study group differences for time children spent in interactive play. Conclusion From infancy to early childhood, the INSIGHT RP intervention reduced screen time and television exposure, but did not increase the frequency or amount of interactive play. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov NCT01167270. Registered on 21 July 2010. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12966-018-0657-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Adams
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Penn State University, 129 Noll Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Michele E Marini
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Penn State University, 129 Noll Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jennifer Stokes
- Pediatrics and Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Leann L Birch
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ian M Paul
- Pediatrics and Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer S Savage
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Penn State University, 129 Noll Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. .,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
O’Byrne ML, McBride M, Paridon S, Goldmuntz E. Association of Habitual Activity and Body Mass Index in Survivors of Congenital Heart Surgery: A Study of Children and Adolescents With Tetralogy of Fallot, Transposition of the Great Arteries, and Fontan Palliation. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2018; 9:177-184. [PMID: 29544424 PMCID: PMC6154798 DOI: 10.1177/2150135117752122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with increased lifelong morbidity and reduced life span and is increasingly prevalent in the congenital heart disease population. Habitual exercise is an important aspect of a healthy lifestyle and primary prevention of obesity in the general population. The association between habitual activity and body mass index (BMI) has not been studied in children with congenital heart disease. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of two previously collected cohorts was performed, including participants 8 to 18 years old with tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, and single ventricle heart disease after a Fontan operation. The association between BMI and duration of habitual exercise (measured by questionnaire) was studied. Secondary analyses assessing the effect of other possible factors for BMI were performed. RESULTS In total, 172 participants were studied (45% Tetralogy of Fallot, 12% transposition of the great arteries, and 43% Fontan). Median BMI was 18.2, and 29% of the participants were obese or overweight. Median habitual exercise was 5.9 h/wk. Thirty-eight percent of participants reported having their activity restricted by their cardiologist. Increasing exercise duration was associated with lower BMI ( P = .01) in univariate analysis. In secondary analyses, restriction to mild exertion and participation in low-intensity exercise were both associated with increased BMI. CONCLUSION Increased habitual activity was associated with lower BMI, emphasizing the potential role of recreational sport in the health of children with congenital heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L O’Byrne
- Division of Cardiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia PA
- Leonard Davis Institute, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Michael McBride
- Division of Cardiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Stephen Paridon
- Division of Cardiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Elizabeth Goldmuntz
- Division of Cardiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cerniglia L, Cimino S, Erriu M, Jezek S, Almenara CA, Tambelli R. Trajectories of aggressive and depressive symptoms in male and female overweight children: Do they share a common path or do they follow different routes? PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190731. [PMID: 29304081 PMCID: PMC5755891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood overweight is a major social and public health issue, and primary assessment should focus on early and middle childhood, because weight gain in these phases constitutes a strong predictor of subsequent negative outcomes. Studies on community samples have shown that growth curves may follow linear or non-linear trajectories from early to middle childhood, and can differ based on sex. Overweight children may exhibit a combination of physiological and psychosocial issues, and several studies have demonstrated an association between overweight and internalizing/externalizing behavior. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of longitudinal studies on depressive and aggressive symptoms in children with high BMI. This study adopted a growth curve modeling over three phases to: (1) describe BMI trajectories in two groups of children aged 2–8 (overweight and normal weight) from a community sample; (2) describe the developmental trajectories of children’s aggressive and depressive symptoms from 2 to 8 years of age. Results indicate higher BMI in 2-year-old girls, with males catching up with them by age 8. While overweight females’ BMIs were consistently high, males’ increased at 5 and 8 years. The mean scores for aggressive symptoms at T1 (2 years of age) were the same in all subjects, but a significant deviation occurred from T1 to T2 in both samples, in divergent directions. With regards to children’s depressive symptoms, the two groups had different starting points, with normal weight children scoring lower than overweight youths. Overweight females showed lower depressive scores than overweight males at T1, but they surpassed boys before T2, and showed more maladaptive symptoms at T3. This study solicits professionals working in pediatric settings to consider overweight children’s psychopathological risk, and to be aware that even when children’s BMI does not increase from 2 to 8 years, their psychopathological symptoms may grow in intensity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cerniglia
- International Telematic University Uninettuno, Psychology Faculty, Department of Psychology, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Silvia Cimino
- Sapienza, University of Rome, Psychology and Medicine Faculty, Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Erriu
- Sapienza, University of Rome, Psychology and Medicine Faculty, Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Rome, Italy
| | - Stanislav Jezek
- Institute for Research on Children, Youth and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Carlos A. Almenara
- Institute for Research on Children, Youth and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Faculty of Psychology, Chorrillos, Lima, Perú
| | - Renata Tambelli
- Sapienza, University of Rome, Psychology and Medicine Faculty, Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhang Z, Pereira JR, Sousa-Sá E, Okely AD, Feng X, Santos R. Environmental characteristics of early childhood education and care centres and young children's weight status: A systematic review. Prev Med 2018; 106:13-25. [PMID: 29038034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to summarize ECEC environmental correlates of weight status in children under the age of 6years. Six databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched until March 2017. Observational studies examining the relationship between ECEC environmental characteristics and weight status in children aged 0-6years were included. Data was extracted using a predesigned form. Eight studies, representing 4862 children, met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-two environmental characteristics were identified and classified into four domains (physical, political, economic, and sociocultural); of these, six correlates were found. 'Active environment' 'sedentary opportunities', 'active play time', 'high sugar and high fat served', 'educators' weight' and 'educators' habitual physical activity level' were associated with weight status in young children. However, for most environmental characteristics examined, strong evidence is not available yet, due to variations across studies on the measures of environmental characteristics and analytical methodologies. Stronger empirical evidence in greater quantity is needed. Future studies in this area are recommended to investigate the environmental influence using an ecological approach and to examine the potential mediators, with a focus on the settings of family-based centres and samples representing toddlers and/or infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Zhang
- Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - João R Pereira
- Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Sousa-Sá
- Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony D Okely
- Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Xiaoqi Feng
- Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Rute Santos
- Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure; University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Carson V, Lee EY, Hewitt L, Jennings C, Hunter S, Kuzik N, Stearns JA, Unrau SP, Poitras VJ, Gray C, Adamo KB, Janssen I, Okely AD, Spence JC, Timmons BW, Sampson M, Tremblay MS. Systematic review of the relationships between physical activity and health indicators in the early years (0-4 years). BMC Public Health 2017; 17:854. [PMID: 29219090 PMCID: PMC5753397 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4860-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Given the rapid development during the early years (0-4 years), an understanding of the health implications of physical activity is needed. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the relationships between objectively and subjectively measured physical activity and health indicators in the early years. Methods Electronic databases were originally searched in April, 2016. Included studies needed to be peer-reviewed, written in English or French, and meet a priori study criteria. The population was apparently healthy children aged 1 month to 59.99 months/4.99 years. The intervention/exposure was objectively and subjectively measured physical activity. The comparator was various volumes, durations, frequencies, patterns, types, and intensities of physical activity. The outcomes were health indicators ranked as critical (adiposity, motor development, psychosocial health, cognitive development, fitness) and important (bone and skeletal health, cardiometabolic health, and risks/harm). The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was used to assess the quality of evidence for each health indicator by each study design. Results Ninety-six studies representing 71,291 unique participants from 36 countries were included. Physical activity interventions were consistently (>60% of studies) associated with improved motor and cognitive development, and psychosocial and cardiometabolic health. Across observational studies, physical activity was consistently associated with favourable motor development, fitness, and bone and skeletal health. For intensity, light- and moderate-intensity physical activity were not consistently associated with any health indicators, whereas moderate- to vigorous-intensity, vigorous-intensity, and total physical activity were consistently favourably associated with multiple health indicators. Across study designs, consistent favourable associations with health indicators were observed for a variety of types of physical activity, including active play, aerobic, dance, prone position (infants; ≤1 year), and structured/organized. Apart from ≥30 min/day of the prone position for infants, the most favourable frequency and duration of physical activity was unclear. However, more physical activity appeared better for health. Evidence ranged from “very low” to “high” quality. Conclusions Specific types of physical activity, total physical activity, and physical activity of at least moderate- to vigorous-intensity were consistently favourably associated with multiple health indicators. The majority of evidence was in preschool-aged children (3-4 years). Findings will inform evidence-based guidelines. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-017-4860-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada.
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Lyndel Hewitt
- Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Cally Jennings
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Stephen Hunter
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Nicholas Kuzik
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Jodie A Stearns
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Stephanie Powley Unrau
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Veronica J Poitras
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Casey Gray
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Kristi B Adamo
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 1A2, Canada
| | - Ian Janssen
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, and Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Anthony D Okely
- Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - John C Spence
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Brian W Timmons
- Child Health & Exercise Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Margaret Sampson
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada.,Library and Media Services, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Navti LK, Atanga MB, Niba LL. Associations of out of school physical activity, sedentary lifestyle and socioeconomic status with weight status and adiposity of Cameroon children. BMC OBESITY 2017; 4:35. [PMID: 29152311 PMCID: PMC5678598 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-017-0171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low physical activity and a sedentary lifestyle are contributing to overweight/obesity in children. This study aims to explore relationships between out of school physical activity, sedentary lifestyle and socioeconomic status indicators with children's weight status and adiposity. METHODS Five hundred twenty-two children of ages 5 to 12 years were randomly selected in a school-based cross sectional study in Bamenda, Cameroon. Weight and height were measured and BMI calculated. These variables were standardized for age and gender. Socioeconomic variables and proxy measures of physical activity and sedentary lifestyle of children were reported by parents using a structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios.Quantile regression was used to compare median values of triceps skinfold thickness across the different factors. RESULTS In bivariate analysis, physical activity > 4 - 7 times/week was significantly (p = 0.010) associated with a lower prevalence (5.9%) of overweight/obesity. In multivariable analysis, physical activity > twice a week (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.05 - 0.3), sedentary lifestyle > 3 h/day (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2 - 4.3) and being in the high occupation class (OR 4.3, 95% CI 2.2 - 8.1) independently predicted overweight/obesity. With quantile regression, physical activity > 4 - 7 times/week was significantly (p = 0.023) associated with a 1.36 mm decrease in median triceps skinfold thickness, while sedentary lifestyle (> 3 h/day) (p = 0.026) and being in the high occupation class (p = 0.007) were significantly associated with a 1.37 mm and 1.86 mm increase in median triceps skinfold thickness respectively. CONCLUSION Physical activity is inversely related to BMI-defined overweight/obesity and triceps skinfold thickness. Also, a high sedentary lifestyle and a high occupation class were associated with overweight/obesity and had the largest significant relationship with triceps skinfold thickness. There is need to objectively assess physical activity and sedentary lifestyle in our setting, in and out of school. Also longitudinal studies are warranted to understand the influence of cultural and behavioral drivers of physical activity and sedentary lifestyle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifoter K. Navti
- Department of Biochemistry, Catholic University of Cameroon (CATUC), Bamenda, P.O. Box 782, Bamenda, Cameroon
- Nutrition and Health Research Group (NHRG), Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Mary B. Atanga
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39, Bambili, Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Loveline L. Niba
- Department of Biochemistry, Catholic University of Cameroon (CATUC), Bamenda, P.O. Box 782, Bamenda, Cameroon
- Nutrition and Health Research Group (NHRG), Bamenda, Cameroon
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Song M, Dieckmann NF, Stoyles S, Kim Y, Lumeng JC. Associations between mother's and children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time in the family context. Prev Med Rep 2017; 8:197-203. [PMID: 29134174 PMCID: PMC5671613 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The manner in which mothers' and children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time (ST) are associated across different settings (i.e., at home versus outside of the home, on weekdays versus weekends) is not well understood. The purposes of this study were to: (Strong et al., 2005) describe associations between mothers' and children's levels of MVPA and ST, and (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2008) determine how setting and mothers' and children's characteristics moderate the associations. We used baseline data from the University of Michigan Healthy Families baseline data (2013-2015) from 55 mothers who have children in two age groups (3-5.99 years [n = 25] and 10-12.99 years [n = 30]) for the analysis. MVPA and ST data were collected using accelerometry over a seven day period. Proportion of time spent in MVPA and ST between 08:00 am and 08:59 pm was calculated. Mixed-effects models were used to examine associations. After controlling for selected mother and child characteristics and setting variables, MVPA and ST levels were positively associated in mothers and their children (P < 0.001). The mother-child associations for MVPA and ST were 1.7 times (β = 0.365 versus β = 0.216) and 2.2 times (β = 0.255 versus β = 0.117) stronger, respectively, when both were at home together. The association did not differ by day of the week. The variations by setting underline the importance of developing home-based, family-centered interventions to increase PA and decrease ST.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MinKyoung Song
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Corresponding author at: Oregon Health & Science University, School of Nursing, 3455 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, OR 97239, United States.Oregon Health & Science UniversitySchool of Nursing3455 SW US Veterans Hospital RoadPortlandOR97239United States
| | - Nathan F. Dieckmann
- School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Sydnee Stoyles
- School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Youngwon Kim
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julie C. Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zaccagni L, Toselli S, Celenza F, Albertini A, Gualdi-Russo E. Sports activities in preschool children differed between those born to immigrants and native Italians. Acta Paediatr 2017; 106:1184-1191. [PMID: 28370606 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Despite the health benefits of physical activity in early childhood, little is known about sports practices in preschool children with different ethnic origins. The aim of this study was to investigate the sport activity patterns in native and immigrant children in northern Italy. The influence of some child and family determinants on the child's practice of club-organised sport was analysed to plan interventions. METHODS The study group comprised 2682 preschool children (49.5% girls) aged 5.9 ± 0.3, 2396 fathers and 2478 mothers. All the children had their height and weight measured and their parents completed a self-administered questionnaire on their child's sports participation and family characteristics. RESULTS Sports activities were significantly more frequent in native Italian girls than in native Italian boys and immigrant girls. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the weekly amount of club-organised sport in preschool children was related to the sex and migrant status in the whole sample, to paternal educational level and occupation in the native-born sample and to paternal body mass index, offspring and paternal occupation in the immigrant group. CONCLUSION This study highlighted the need to develop specific interventions for native and immigrant preschool children to promote a healthy lifestyle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Zaccagni
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Stefania Toselli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | | | | | - Emanuela Gualdi-Russo
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Quick V, Martin-Biggers J, Povis GA, Hongu N, Worobey J, Byrd-Bredbenner C. A Socio-Ecological Examination of Weight-Related Characteristics of the Home Environment and Lifestyles of Households with Young Children. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9060604. [PMID: 28613270 PMCID: PMC5490583 DOI: 10.3390/nu9060604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Home environment and family lifestyle practices have an influence on child obesity risk, thereby making it critical to systematically examine these factors. Thus, parents (n = 489) of preschool children completed a cross-sectional online survey which was the baseline data collection conducted, before randomization, in the HomeStyles program. The survey comprehensively assessed these factors using a socio-ecological approach, incorporating intrapersonal, interpersonal and environmental measures. Healthy intrapersonal dietary behaviors identified were parent and child intakes of recommended amounts of 100% juice and low intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages. Unhealthy behaviors included low milk intake and high parent fat intake. The home environment’s food supply was found to support healthy intakes of 100% juice and sugar-sweetened beverages, but provided too little milk and ample quantities of salty/fatty snacks. Physical activity levels, sedentary activity and the home’s physical activity and media environment were found to be less than ideal. Environmental supports for active play inside homes were moderate and somewhat better in the area immediately outside homes and in the neighborhood. Family interpersonal interaction measures revealed several positive behaviors, including frequent family meals. Parents had considerable self-efficacy in their ability to perform food- and physical activity-related childhood obesity protective practices. This study identified lifestyle practices and home environment characteristics that health educators could target to help parents promote optimal child development and lower their children’s risk for obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Quick
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, 26 Nichol Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Jennifer Martin-Biggers
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, 26 Nichol Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Gayle Alleman Povis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, 406 Shantz Building, 1177 E. 4th Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Nobuko Hongu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, 406 Shantz Building, 1177 E. 4th Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - John Worobey
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, 26 Nichol Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Carol Byrd-Bredbenner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, 26 Nichol Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ward S, Blanger M, Donovan D, Vatanparast H, Muhajarine N, Engler-Stringer R, Leis A, Humbert ML, Carrier N. Association between childcare educators' practices and preschoolers' physical activity and dietary intake: a cross-sectional analysis. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e013657. [PMID: 28559455 PMCID: PMC5777459 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childcare educators may be role models for healthy eating and physical activity (PA) behaviours among young children. This study aimed to identify which childcare educators' practices are associated with preschoolers' dietary intake and PA levels. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis included 723 preschoolers from 50 randomly selected childcare centres in two Canadian provinces. All data were collected in the fall of 2013 and 2014 and analysed in the fall of 2015. PA was assessed using Actical accelerometers during childcare hours for 5 consecutive days. Children's dietary intake was measured at lunch on 2 consecutive days using weighed plate waste and digital photography. Childcare educators' nutrition practices (modelling, nutrition education, satiety recognition, verbal encouragement and not using food as rewards) and PA practices (informal and formal PA promotion) were assessed by direct observation over the course of 2 days, using the Nutrition and Physical Activity Self-Assessment for Child Care tool. Associations between educators' practices and preschoolers' PA and dietary intake were examined using multilevel linear regressions. RESULTS Overall, modelling of healthy eating was positively associated with children's intake of sugar (β=0.141, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.27), while calorie (β=-0.456, 95% CI -1.46 to -0.02) and fibre intake (β=-0.066, 95% CI -0.12 to -0.01) were negatively associated with providing nutrition education. Not using food as rewards was also negatively associated with fat intake (β=-0.144, 95% CI -0.52 to -0.002). None of the educators' PA practices were associated with children's participation in PA. CONCLUSIONS Modelling healthy eating, providing nutrition education and not using food as rewards are associated with children's dietary intake at lunch in childcare centres, highlighting the role that educators play in shaping preschoolers' eating behaviours. Although PA practices were not associated with children's PA levels, there is a need to reduce sedentary time in childcare centres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Ward
- Faculty of Medecine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Mathieu Blanger
- Department of Family Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Denise Donovan
- Department Community Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Hassan Vatanparast
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Nazeem Muhajarine
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Rachel Engler-Stringer
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Anne Leis
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - M Louise Humbert
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Natalie Carrier
- École des sciences des aliments, de nutrition et d'études familiales, Faculté des sciences de la santé et des services communautaires, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mavilidi MF, Okely AD, Chandler P, Paas F. Effects of Integrating Physical Activities Into a Science Lesson on Preschool Children's Learning and Enjoyment. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myrto-Foteini Mavilidi
- Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
| | - Anthony D. Okely
- Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
| | - Paul Chandler
- Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
| | - Fred Paas
- Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
van Bakergem M, Sommer EC, Heerman WJ, Hipp JA, Barkin SL. Objective reports versus subjective perceptions of crime and their relationships to accelerometer-measured physical activity in Hispanic caretaker-child dyads. Prev Med 2017; 95 Suppl:S68-S74. [PMID: 27939263 PMCID: PMC5292062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Crime and safety are commonly cited barriers to physical activity (PA). We had three objectives, 1) describe the association between objective crime measures and perceptions of crime, 2) analyze the relationships between each type of crime and accelerometer-measured physical activity in caretakers and young children (ages 3-5years), and 3) explore for early gender differences in the relationship between crime and physical activity in young children. Data are from the cross-sectional baseline data of an ongoing randomized controlled trial in Nashville, Tennessee spanning September 2012 through May 2014. Data was analyzed from 480 Hispanic dyads (adult caretaker and 3-5year old child). Objective crime rate was assessed in ArcGIS and perception of crime was measured by caretaker agreement with the statement "The crime rate in my neighborhood makes it unsafe to go on walks." The primary outcome was accelerometer-measured physical activity over seven consecutive days. Objective and perceived crime were significantly positively correlated. Caretaker vigorous PA was significantly related to perceptions of crime; however, its relationship to objective crime was not significant. Child PA was not significantly related to caretaker perceptions of crime. However, interactions suggested that the relationship between crime rate and PA was significantly more negative for girls than for boys. Objective and subjective measures of crime rate are expected to be important correlates of PA, but they appear to have complex relationships that are different for adults than they are for young children, as well as for young girls compared to boys, and research has produced conflicting findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret van Bakergem
- Center for Geospatial Analytics and Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, North Carolina State University, 2820 Faucette Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States.
| | - Evan C Sommer
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2146 Belcourt Avenue, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
| | - William J Heerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2146 Belcourt Avenue, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
| | - James Aaron Hipp
- Center for Geospatial Analytics and Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, North Carolina State University, 2820 Faucette Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Shari L Barkin
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2146 Belcourt Avenue, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Physical Activity, TV Watching Time, Sleeping, and Risk of Obesity and Hyperglycemia in the Offspring of Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41115. [PMID: 28120866 PMCID: PMC5264639 DOI: 10.1038/srep41115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the association of physical activity, TV watching time, sleeping time with the risks of obesity and hyperglycemia among 1263 offspring aged 1-5 years of mothers with gestational diabetes (GDM) in a cross-sectional study. Logistic regression models were used to obtain the odd ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals [CI]) of childhood obesity and hyperglycemia associated with different levels of indoor activity, outdoor activity, TV watching, and sleeping time. The multivariable-adjusted ORs of obesity based on different levels of TV watching time (0, <1.0, and ≥1.0 hour/day) were 1.00, 1.21 (95% CI 0.72-2.05), and 2.20 (95% CI 1.33-3.63) (Ptrend = 0.003), respectively. The multivariable-adjusted ORs of hyperglycemia based on different levels of indoor activity (<5.0, 5.0-6.9, and ≥7.0 hours/day) were 1.00, 0.74 (95% CI 0.45-1.21), and 0.49 (95% CI 0.28-0.84) (Ptrend = 0.034), respectively. The multivariable-adjusted ORs of hyperglycemia associated with different levels of sleeping time (<11.0, 11.0-11.9, and ≥12.0 hours/day) were 1.00, 0.67 (95% CI 0.42-1.05), and 0.39 (95% CI 0.23-0.67) (Ptrend = 0.003), respectively. The present study indicated a positive association of TV watching with the risk of obesity, and an inverse association of either indoor activity or sleeping time with the risk of hyperglycemia among offspring born to GDM mothers in Tianjin, China.
Collapse
|