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Goutal S, Tran T, Leroy C, Benhamouda N, Leterrier S, Saba W, Lafont B, Tartour É, Roelens M, Tournier N. Brain Glucose Metabolism as a Readout of the Central Nervous System Impact of Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Withdrawal and the Effects of NFL-101, as an Immune-Based Drug Candidate for Smoking Cessation Therapy. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:2520-2531. [PMID: 38875216 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging biomarkers are needed to investigate the impact of smoking withdrawal on brain function. NFL-101 is a denicotinized aqueous extract of tobacco leaves currently investigated as an immune-based smoking cessation therapy in humans. However, the immune response to NFL-101 and its ability to induce significant changes in brain function remain to be demonstrated. Brain glucose metabolism was investigated using [18F]fluoro-deoxy-glucose ([18F]FDG) PET imaging in a mouse model of cigarette smoke exposure (CSE, 4-week whole-body inhalation, twice daily). Compared with control animals, the relative uptake of [18F]FDG in CSE mice was decreased in the thalamus and brain stem (p < 0.001, n = 14 per group) and increased in the hippocampus, cortex, cerebellum, and olfactory bulb (p < 0.001). NFL-101 induced a humoral immune response (specific IgGs) in mice and activated human natural-killer lymphocytes in vitro. In CSE mice, but not in control mice, single-dose NFL-101 significantly increased [18F]FDG uptake in the thalamus (p < 0.01), thus restoring normal brain glucose metabolism after 2-day withdrawal in this nicotinic receptor-rich region. In tobacco research, [18F]FDG PET imaging provides a quantitative method to evaluate changes in the brain function associated with the withdrawal phase. This method also showed the CNS effects of NFL-101, with translational perspectives for future clinical evaluation in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Goutal
- CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91401, France
| | - Thi Tran
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, Paris 75015, France
- Department of Immunology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), Hôpital Necker, Paris 75015,France
| | - Claire Leroy
- CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91401, France
| | - Nadine Benhamouda
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, Paris 75015, France
- Department of Immunology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), Hôpital Necker, Paris 75015,France
| | - Sarah Leterrier
- CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91401, France
| | - Wadad Saba
- CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91401, France
| | | | - Éric Tartour
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, Paris 75015, France
- Department of Immunology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), Hôpital Necker, Paris 75015,France
| | - Marie Roelens
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, Paris 75015, France
- Department of Immunology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), Hôpital Necker, Paris 75015,France
| | - Nicolas Tournier
- CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91401, France
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Pardina‐Torner H, De Paepe AE, Garcia‐Gorro C, Rodriguez‐Dechicha N, Vaquer I, Calopa M, Ruiz‐Idiago J, Mareca C, de Diego‐Balaguer R, Camara E. Disentangling the neurobiological bases of temporal impulsivity in Huntington's disease. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3335. [PMID: 38450912 PMCID: PMC10918610 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its impact on daily life, impulsivity in Huntington's disease (HD) is understudied as a neuropsychiatric symptom. Our aim is to characterize temporal impulsivity in HD and to disentangle the white matter correlate associated with impulsivity. METHODS Forty-seven HD individuals and 36 healthy controls were scanned and evaluated for temporal impulsivity using a delay-discounting (DD) task and complementary Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire. Diffusion tensor imaging was employed to characterize the structural connectivity of three limbic tracts: the uncinate fasciculus (UF), the accumbofrontal tract (NAcc-OFC), and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex connectig the caudate nucleus (DLPFC-cn). Multiple linear regression analyses were applied to analyze the relationship between impulsive behavior and white matter microstructural integrity. RESULTS Our results revealed altered structural connectivity in the DLPC-cn, the NAcc-OFC and the UF in HD individuals. At the same time, the variability in structural connectivity of these tracts was associated with the individual differences in temporal impulsivity. Specifically, increased structural connectivity in the right NAcc-OFC and reduced connectivity in the left UF were associated with higher temporal impulsivity scores. CONCLUSIONS The present findings highlight the importance of investigating the spectrum of temporal impulsivity in HD. As, while less prevalent than other psychiatric features, this symptom is still reported to significantly impact the quality of life of patients and caregivers. This study provides evidence that individual differences observed in temporal impulsivity may be explained by variability in limbic frontostriatal tracts, while shedding light on the role of sensitivity to reward in modulating impulsive behavior through the selection of immediate rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Pardina‐Torner
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity UnitBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Audrey E. De Paepe
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity UnitBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Clara Garcia‐Gorro
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity UnitBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Nadia Rodriguez‐Dechicha
- Hestia Duran i ReynalsHospital Duran i Reynals, Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la SalutUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Irene Vaquer
- Hestia Duran i ReynalsHospital Duran i Reynals, Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la SalutUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Matilde Calopa
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology ServiceHospital Universitari de BellvitgeBarcelonaSpain
- ICREA (Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Jesus Ruiz‐Idiago
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic MedicineUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Hospital Mare de Deu de la MercèBarcelonaSpain
| | - Celia Mareca
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic MedicineUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Hospital Mare de Deu de la MercèBarcelonaSpain
| | - Ruth de Diego‐Balaguer
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity UnitBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)BarcelonaSpain
- Department of Cognition, Development and Education PsychologyUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institute of NeurosciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- ICREA (Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Estela Camara
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity UnitBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)BarcelonaSpain
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Hernández-Ortiz E, Luis-Islas J, Tecuapetla F, Gutierrez R, Bermúdez-Rattoni F. Top-down circuitry from the anterior insular cortex to VTA dopamine neurons modulates reward-related memory. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113365. [PMID: 37924513 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The insular cortex (IC) has been linked to the processing of interoceptive and exteroceptive signals associated with addictive behavior. However, whether the IC modulates the acquisition of drug-related affective states by direct top-down connectivity with ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons is unknown. We found that photostimulation of VTA terminals of the anterior insular cortex (aIC) induces rewarding contextual memory, modulates VTA activity, and triggers dopamine release within the VTA. Employing neuronal recordings and neurochemical and transsynaptic tagging techniques, we disclose the functional top-down organization tagging the aIC pre-synaptic neuronal bodies and identifying VTA recipient neurons. Furthermore, systemic administration of amphetamine altered the VTA excitability of neurons modulated by the aIC projection, where photoactivation enhances, whereas photoinhibition impairs, a contextual rewarding behavior. Our study reveals a key circuit involved in developing and retaining drug reward-related contextual memory, providing insight into the neurobiological basis of addictive behavior and helping develop therapeutic addiction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Hernández-Ortiz
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, División de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City 04510, México
| | - Jorge Luis-Islas
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Appetitive, Department of Pharmacology, Center of Aging Research (CIE), Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fatuel Tecuapetla
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, División de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City 04510, México
| | - Ranier Gutierrez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Appetitive, Department of Pharmacology, Center of Aging Research (CIE), Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Federico Bermúdez-Rattoni
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, División de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City 04510, México.
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4
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Chen Y, Li CSR. Appetitive and aversive cue reactivities differentiate neural subtypes of alcohol drinkers. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 7:100089. [PMID: 37483686 PMCID: PMC10358306 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Craving reflects the subjective urge to use drugs and can be triggered by both positive and negative emotional states. No studies have systematically investigated the relative roles of these mechanisms in the pathophysiology of substance misuse. Here, we performed meta-analyses of drug cue-elicited reactivity and win and loss processing in the monetary incentive delay task to identify distinct neural correlates of appetitive and aversive responses to drug cues. We then characterized the appetitive and aversive cue responses in seventy-six alcohol drinkers performing a cue craving task during fMRI. Imaging data were processed according to published routines. The appetitive circuit involved medial cortical regions and the ventral striatum, and the aversive circuit involved the insula, caudate and mid-cingulate cortex. We observed a significant correlation of cue-elicited activity (β estimates) of the appetitive and aversive circuit. However, individuals varied in appetitive and aversive cue responses. From the regression of appetitive (y) vs. aversive (x) β, we identified participants in the top 1/3 each of those with positive and negative residuals as "approach" (n = 15) and "avoidance" (n = 11) and the others as the "mixed" (n = 50) subtype. In clinical characteristics, the avoidance subtype showed higher sensitivity to punishment and, in contrast, the approach subtype showed higher levels of sensation seeking and alcohol expectancy for social and physical pressure. The findings highlighted distinct neural underpinnings of appetitive and aversive components of cue-elicited reactivity and provided evidence for potential subtypes of alcohol drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Inter-department Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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5
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Kulkarni KR, O'Brien M, Gu X. Longing to act: Bayesian inference as a framework for craving in behavioral addiction. Addict Behav 2023; 144:107752. [PMID: 37201396 PMCID: PMC10330403 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, craving is considered a defining feature of drug addiction. Accumulating evidence suggests that craving can also exist in behavioral addictions (e.g., gambling disorder) without drug-induced effects. However, the degree to which mechanisms of craving overlap between classic substance use disorders and behavioral addictions remains unclear. There is, therefore, an urgent need to develop an overarching theory of craving that conceptually integrates findings across behavioral and drug addictions. In this review, we will first synthesize existing theories and empirical findings related to craving in both drug-dependent and -independent addictive disorders. Building on the Bayesian brain hypothesis and previous work on interoceptive inference, we will then propose a computational theory for craving in behavioral addiction, where the target of craving is execution of an action (e.g., gambling) rather than a drug. Specifically, we conceptualize craving in behavioral addiction as a subjective belief about physiological states of the body associated with action completion and is updated based on both a prior belief ("I need to act to feel good") and sensory evidence ("I cannot act"). We conclude by briefly discussing the therapeutic implications of this framework. In summary, this unified Bayesian computational framework for craving generalizes across addictive disorders, provides explanatory power for ostensibly conflicting empirical findings, and generates strong hypotheses for future empirical studies. The disambiguation of the computational components underlying domain-general craving using this framework will lead to a deeper understanding of, and effective treatment targets for, behavioral and drug addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustubh R Kulkarni
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Center for Computational Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Madeline O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Center for Computational Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Xiaosi Gu
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Center for Computational Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
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6
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Brevers D, Baeken C, De Smet S, Catoira B, De Witte S, He Q, Maurage P, Schulze-Steinen L, Sescousse G, Verde CV, Vögele C, Billieux J. Stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex modulates brain cue reactivity to reward (un)availability. Cortex 2023; 164:51-62. [PMID: 37172533 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Brain imaging studies have shown that stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), which plays a pivotal role in high-order cognitive control processes, modulates brain reactivity to reward-related cues. Nevertheless, the impact of contextual factors such as reward availability (the reward that is depicted in the cue exposure task) on such modulation effect remains unclear. Here we tested whether a single session of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) over the left dlPFC differently impacts brain reactivity to cues signalling either availability or unavailability of a sports betting opportunity. Employing a within-subject design (verum versus sham HF-rTMS) among thirty-two frequent sports bettors, we first observed that, as compared to the sham condition, verum HF-rTMS modulated brain reactivity to game cues prior to being made (un)available for betting, through simultaneous increases (posterior insula and caudate nucleus) and decreases (occipital pole) in brain activation. Second, verum HF-rTMS led to increased ventral striatal activity towards cues available for betting but did not modulate brain response to cues unavailable for betting. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that transient stimulation of the left dlPFC led to a general modulation in brain activity in responses to cues, and that this effect is only partly dependent on cues signalling for reward (un)availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Brevers
- Louvain for Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP), Psychological Sciences Research Institute (IPSY), UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Institute for Health and Behaviour, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Chris Baeken
- Department of Psychiatry University Hospital (UZBrussel), Brussels, Belgium; Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Beatriz Catoira
- Department of Psychiatry University Hospital (UZBrussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sara De Witte
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Qinghua He
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Rd, Chongqing, China
| | - Pierre Maurage
- Louvain for Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP), Psychological Sciences Research Institute (IPSY), UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Laimi Schulze-Steinen
- Institute for Health and Behaviour, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Guillaume Sescousse
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center - INSERM U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, PSYR2 Team, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Claudia Vila Verde
- Institute for Health and Behaviour, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Claus Vögele
- Institute for Health and Behaviour, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Centre for Excessive Gambling, Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Knouse MC, McGrath AG, Deutschmann AU, Rich MT, Zallar LJ, Rajadhyaksha AM, Briand LA. Sex differences in the medial prefrontal cortical glutamate system. Biol Sex Differ 2022; 13:66. [PMID: 36348414 PMCID: PMC9641904 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-022-00468-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation in the prefrontal cortex underlies a variety of psychiatric illnesses, including substance use disorder, depression, and anxiety. Despite the established sex differences in prevalence and presentation of these illnesses, the neural mechanisms driving these differences are largely unexplored. Here, we investigate potential sex differences in glutamatergic transmission within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The goal of these experiments was to determine if there are baseline sex differences in transmission within this region that may underlie sex differences in diseases that involve dysregulation in the prefrontal cortex. METHODS Adult male and female C57Bl/6J mice were used for all experiments. Mice were killed and bilateral tissue samples were taken from the medial prefrontal cortex for western blotting. Both synaptosomal and total GluA1 and GluA2 levels were measured. In a second set of experiments, mice were killed and ex vivo slice electrophysiology was performed on prepared tissue from the medial prefrontal cortex. Spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents and rectification indices were measured. RESULTS Females exhibit higher levels of synaptosomal GluA1 and GluA2 in the mPFC compared to males. Despite similar trends, no statistically significant differences are seen in total levels of GluA1 and GluA2. Females also exhibit both a higher amplitude and higher frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents and greater inward rectification in the mPFC compared to males. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we conclude that there are sex differences in glutamatergic transmission in the mPFC. Our data suggest that females have higher levels of glutamatergic transmission in this region. This provides evidence that the development of sex-specific pharmacotherapies for various psychiatric diseases is important to create more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa C. Knouse
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Weiss Hall, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA
| | - Anna G. McGrath
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Weiss Hall, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA
| | - Andre U. Deutschmann
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Weiss Hall, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA
| | - Matthew T. Rich
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Lia J. Zallar
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, NY USA
| | - Anjali M. Rajadhyaksha
- Pediatric Neurology, Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, NY USA
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, NY USA
- Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, NY USA
| | - Lisa A. Briand
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Weiss Hall, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA
- Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
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Shevorykin A, Carl E, Mahoney MC, Hanlon CA, Liskiewicz A, Rivard C, Alberico R, Belal A, Bensch L, Vantucci D, Thorner H, Marion M, Bickel WK, Sheffer CE. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Long-Term Smoking Cessation: Preliminary Examination of Delay Discounting as a Therapeutic Target and the Effects of Intensity and Duration. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:920383. [PMID: 35874156 PMCID: PMC9300313 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.920383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a novel treatment for smoking cessation and delay discounting rate is novel therapeutic target. Research to determine optimal therapeutic targets and dosing parameters for long-term smoking cessation is needed. Due to potential biases and confounds introduced by the COVID-19 pandemic, we report preliminary results from an ongoing study among participants who reached study end prior to the pandemic. Methods In a 3 × 2 randomized factorial design, participants (n = 23) received 900 pulses of 20 Hz rTMS to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) in one of three Durations (8, 12, or 16 days of stimulation) and two Intensities (1 or 2 sessions per day). We examined direction and magnitude of the effect sizes on latency to relapse, 6-month point-prevalence abstinence rates, research burden, and delay discounting rates. Results A large effect size was found for Duration and a medium for Intensity for latency to relapse. Increasing Duration increased the odds of abstinence 7–8-fold while increasing Intensity doubled the odds of abstinence. A large effect size was found for Duration, a small for Intensity for delay discounting rate. Increasing Duration and Intensity had a small effect on participant burden. Conclusion Findings provide preliminary support for delay discounting as a therapeutic target and for increasing Duration and Intensity to achieve larger effect sizes for long-term smoking cessation and will provide a pre-pandemic comparison for data collected during the pandemic. Clinical Trial Registration [www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT03865472].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Shevorykin
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Ellen Carl
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Martin C Mahoney
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Colleen A Hanlon
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | | | - Cheryl Rivard
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Ronald Alberico
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Ahmed Belal
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Lindsey Bensch
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Darian Vantucci
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Hannah Thorner
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Matthew Marion
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Warren K Bickel
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, United States
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Cho TH, Nah Y, Park SH, Han S. Prefrontal cortical activation in Internet Gaming Disorder Scale high scorers during actual real-time internet gaming: A preliminary study using fNIRS. J Behav Addict 2022. [PMID: 35394923 PMCID: PMC9295239 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Observation of real-time neural characteristics during gameplay would provide distinct evidence for discriminating the currently controversial diagnosis of internet gaming disorder (IGD), and elucidate neural mechanisms that may be involved in addiction. We aimed to provide preliminary findings on possible neural features of IGD during real-time internet gaming using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Methods Prefrontal cortical activations accompanying positive and negative in-game events were investigated. Positive events: (1) participant's champion slays or assists in slaying an opponent without being slain. (2) the opposing team's nexus is destroyed. Negative events: (1) participant's champion is slain without slaying or assisting in slaying any opponent. (2) the team's nexus is destroyed. Collected data were compared between the IGD group and control group, each with 15 participants. Results The IGD group scored significantly higher than the CTRL group on the craving scale. Following positive events, the IGD group displayed significantly stronger activation in the DLPFC. Following negative events, the IGD group displayed significantly weaker activation in the lateral OFC. Discussion and Conclusions Individuals scoring high on the IGD scale may crave for more internet gaming after encountering desired events during the game. Such observations are supported by the correlation between the craving scale and DLPFC activation. The IGD group may also show diminished punishment sensitivity to negative in-game experiences rendering them to continue playing the game. The present study provides preliminary evidence that IGD may demonstrate neural characteristics observed in other addictive disorders and suggests the use of fNIRS in behavioral addiction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hun Cho
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoonjin Nah
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Park
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sanghoon Han
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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10
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Effects of acute exercise on craving and cortical hemodynamics under drug-cue exposure in MA-dependent individuals. Neurosci Lett 2022; 781:136672. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ekhtiari H, Zare-Bidoky M, Sangchooli A, Janes AC, Kaufman MJ, Oliver JA, Prisciandaro JJ, Wüstenberg T, Anton RF, Bach P, Baldacchino A, Beck A, Bjork JM, Brewer J, Childress AR, Claus ED, Courtney KE, Ebrahimi M, Filbey FM, Ghahremani DG, Azbari PG, Goldstein RZ, Goudriaan AE, Grodin EN, Hamilton JP, Hanlon CA, Hassani-Abharian P, Heinz A, Joseph JE, Kiefer F, Zonoozi AK, Kober H, Kuplicki R, Li Q, London ED, McClernon J, Noori HR, Owens MM, Paulus MP, Perini I, Potenza M, Potvin S, Ray L, Schacht JP, Seo D, Sinha R, Smolka MN, Spanagel R, Steele VR, Stein EA, Steins-Loeber S, Tapert SF, Verdejo-Garcia A, Vollstädt-Klein S, Wetherill RR, Wilson SJ, Witkiewitz K, Yuan K, Zhang X, Zilverstand A. A methodological checklist for fMRI drug cue reactivity studies: development and expert consensus. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:567-595. [PMID: 35121856 PMCID: PMC9063851 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cue reactivity is one of the most frequently used paradigms in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of substance use disorders (SUDs). Although there have been promising results elucidating the neurocognitive mechanisms of SUDs and SUD treatments, the interpretability and reproducibility of these studies is limited by incomplete reporting of participants' characteristics, task design, craving assessment, scanning preparation and analysis decisions in fMRI drug cue reactivity (FDCR) experiments. This hampers clinical translation, not least because systematic review and meta-analysis of published work are difficult. This consensus paper and Delphi study aims to outline the important methodological aspects of FDCR research, present structured recommendations for more comprehensive methods reporting and review the FDCR literature to assess the reporting of items that are deemed important. Forty-five FDCR scientists from around the world participated in this study. First, an initial checklist of items deemed important in FDCR studies was developed by several members of the Enhanced NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analyses (ENIGMA) Addiction working group on the basis of a systematic review. Using a modified Delphi consensus method, all experts were asked to comment on, revise or add items to the initial checklist, and then to rate the importance of each item in subsequent rounds. The reporting status of the items in the final checklist was investigated in 108 recently published FDCR studies identified through a systematic review. By the final round, 38 items reached the consensus threshold and were classified under seven major categories: 'Participants' Characteristics', 'General fMRI Information', 'General Task Information', 'Cue Information', 'Craving Assessment Inside Scanner', 'Craving Assessment Outside Scanner' and 'Pre- and Post-Scanning Considerations'. The review of the 108 FDCR papers revealed significant gaps in the reporting of the items considered important by the experts. For instance, whereas items in the 'General fMRI Information' category were reported in 90.5% of the reviewed papers, items in the 'Pre- and Post-Scanning Considerations' category were reported by only 44.7% of reviewed FDCR studies. Considering the notable and sometimes unexpected gaps in the reporting of items deemed to be important by experts in any FDCR study, the protocols could benefit from the adoption of reporting standards. This checklist, a living document to be updated as the field and its methods advance, can help improve experimental design, reporting and the widespread understanding of the FDCR protocols. This checklist can also provide a sample for developing consensus statements for protocols in other areas of task-based fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Ekhtiari
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Mehran Zare-Bidoky
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Shahid-Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Arshiya Sangchooli
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amy C Janes
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Marc J Kaufman
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Jason A Oliver
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - James J Prisciandaro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Torsten Wüstenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raymond F Anton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Patrick Bach
- Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alex Baldacchino
- Division of Population Studies and Behavioural Sciences, St Andrews University Medical School, University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK
| | - Anne Beck
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Health, Health and Medical University, Campus Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - James M Bjork
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Judson Brewer
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Anna Rose Childress
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric D Claus
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Kelly E Courtney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mohsen Ebrahimi
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Francesca M Filbey
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dara G Ghahremani
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peyman Ghobadi Azbari
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rita Z Goldstein
- Departments of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna E Goudriaan
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erica N Grodin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Paul Hamilton
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Colleen A Hanlon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jane E Joseph
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arash Khojasteh Zonoozi
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hedy Kober
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Qiang Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Edythe D London
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph McClernon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hamid R Noori
- International Center for Primate Brain Research, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT)/Institute of Neuroscience (ION), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Max M Owens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Irene Perini
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marc Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Child Study Center and Wu Tsai Institute, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stéphane Potvin
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lara Ray
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Dongju Seo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vaughn R Steele
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elliot A Stein
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sabine Steins-Loeber
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto-Friedrich-University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Susan F Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Sabine Vollstädt-Klein
- Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Reagan R Wetherill
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen J Wilson
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Katie Witkiewitz
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Kai Yuan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaochu Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale and School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
| | - Anna Zilverstand
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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12
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Li H, Zhao D, Liu Y, Xv J, Huang H, Jin Y, Lu Y, Qi Y, Zhou Q. Are There Neural Overlaps of Reactivity to Illegal Drugs, Tobacco, and Alcohol Cues? With Evidence From ALE and CMA. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:779239. [PMID: 35463497 PMCID: PMC9019580 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.779239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abuses of most illegal drugs, including methamphetamine, marijuana, cocaine, heroin, and polydrug, are usually in conjunction with alcohol and tobacco. There are similarities and associations between the behavior, gene, and neurophysiology of such abusers, but the neural overlaps of their cue-reactivity and the correlation of neural overlap with drug craving still needs to be further explored. In this study, an Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) was performed on brain activation under legal (tobacco, alcohol) and illegal drug cues, for identifying the similarities in brain functions between different craving states. A Comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) on the correlation coefficient between brain activation and craving scores in the selected literatures with subjective craving reports explained the degree of the craving via brain imaging results. In ALE, co-activation areas of the three cue-reactivity (posterior cingulate, caudate, and thalamus) suggest that the three cue-reactivity may all arouse drug-use identity which is a predictor of relapse and generation of conditioned reflexes under reward memory, thus leading to illegal drug relapses. In CMA, the brain activation was significantly correlated with subjective craving, with a correlation coefficient of 0.222. The neural overlap of tobacco, alcohol and most of the prevalent illegal drug cues not only further helps us understand the neural mechanism of substance co-abuse and relapse, but also provides implications to detoxification. Furthermore, the correlation between brain activation and craving is low, suggesting the accuracy of craving-based quantitative evaluation by neuroimaging remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- HuiLing Li
- Department of Psychology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - YuQing Liu
- Department of Psychology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - JingWen Xv
- Department of Psychology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - HanZhi Huang
- Department of Psychology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yutong Jin
- Department of Psychology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yiying Lu
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - YuanYuan Qi
- Zhejiang Moganshan Female Drug Detoxification Center, Huzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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13
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Bi Y, Hu L. Magnetic resonance imaging for smoking abstinence: symptoms, mechanisms, and interventions. BRAIN SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.26599/bsa.2021.9050016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is the leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although a number of smokers are aware of the adverse outcomes of smoking and express a strong desire to stop smoking, most smoking quit attempts end in relapse within the first few days of abstinence, primarily resulting from the aversive aspects of the nicotine withdrawal syndrome. Therefore, studying the neural mechanisms of smoking abstinence, identifying smokers with heightened relapse vulnerability prior to quit attempts, and developing effective smoking cessation treatments appear to be promising strategies for improving the success of quit attempts. In recent years, with the development of magnetic resonance imaging, the neural substrates of smoking abstinence have become extensively studied. In this review, we first introduce the psychophysiological changes induced by smoking abstinence, including affective, cognitive, and somatic signs. We then provide an overview of the magnetic resonance imaging-based evidence regarding abstinence-related functional changes accompanied by these psychophysiological changes. We conclude with a discussion of the neural markers that could predict relapse during quit attempts and a summary of the psychophysiological interventions that are currently often used to help with smoking cessation. This review extends our understanding of the role of the central nervous system in smoking abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhi Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Li Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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14
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Better living through understanding the insula: Why subregions can make all the difference. Neuropharmacology 2021; 198:108765. [PMID: 34461066 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Insula function is considered critical for many motivated behaviors, with proposed functions ranging from attention, behavioral control, emotional regulation, goal-directed and aversion-resistant responding. Further, the insula is implicated in many neuropsychiatric conditions including substance abuse. More recently, multiple insula subregions have been distinguished based on anatomy, connectivity, and functional contributions. Generally, posterior insula is thought to encode more somatosensory inputs, which integrate with limbic/emotional information in middle insula, that in turn integrate with cognitive processes in anterior insula. Together, these regions provide rapid interoceptive information about the current or predicted situation, facilitating autonomic recruitment and quick, flexible action. Here, we seek to create a robust foundation from which to understand potential subregion differences, and provide direction for future studies. We address subregion differences across humans and rodents, so that the latter's mechanistic interventions can best mesh with clinical relevance of human conditions. We first consider the insula's suggested roles in humans, then compare subregional studies, and finally describe rodent work. One primary goal is to encourage precision in describing insula subregions, since imprecision (e.g. including both posterior and anterior studies when describing insula work) does a disservice to a larger understanding of insula contributions. Additionally, we note that specific task details can greatly impact recruitment of various subregions, requiring care and nuance in design and interpretation of studies. Nonetheless, the central ethological importance of the insula makes continued research to uncover mechanistic, mood, and behavioral contributions of paramount importance and interest. This article is part of the special Issue on 'Neurocircuitry Modulating Drug and Alcohol Abuse'.
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15
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Kearney-Ramos T, Haney M. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as a potential treatment approach for cannabis use disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 109:110290. [PMID: 33677045 PMCID: PMC9165758 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The expanding legalization of cannabis across the United States is associated with increases in cannabis use, and accordingly, an increase in the number and severity of individuals with cannabis use disorder (CUD). The lack of FDA-approved pharmacotherapies and modest efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions means that many of those who seek treatment for CUD relapse within the first few months. Consequently, there is a pressing need for innovative, evidence-based treatment development for CUD. Preliminary evidence suggests that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may be a novel, non-invasive therapeutic neuromodulation tool for the treatment of a variety of substance use disorders (SUDs), including recently receiving FDA clearance (August 2020) for use as a smoking cessation aid in tobacco cigarette smokers. However, the potential of rTMS for CUD has not yet been reviewed. This paper provides a primer on therapeutic neuromodulation techniques for SUDs, with a particular focus on reviewing the current status of rTMS research in people who use cannabis. Lastly, future directions are proposed for rTMS treatment development in CUD, with suggestions for study design parameters and clinical endpoints based on current gold-standard practices for therapeutic neuromodulation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonisha Kearney-Ramos
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Margaret Haney
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA,Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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16
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Wang X, Xue T, Dong F, Li Y, Xie D, Liu C, Zhang M, Bi Y, Yuan K, Yu D. The changes of brain functional networks in young adult smokers based on independent component analysis. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:788-797. [PMID: 32314196 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00289-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) networks, including the default mode network (DMN), central executive network (CEN), and salience network (SN), have been implicated in nicotine addiction. However, litter evidence exists about the abnormalities in the three networks in young adult smokers. Forty-eight young adult smokers and 49 age- and gender-matched non-smokers were recruited in the present study. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were analyzed by a combination of independent component analysis (ICA) and dual regression to identify potential differences of FC patterns in the DMN, CEN, and SN. Compared to non-smokers, young adult smokers showed enhanced FC of the left posterior cingulate cortex (LPCC), right medial prefrontal cortex (RMPFC) and right precuneus within the DMN network, of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) within the right CEN, and of the left anterior insula (LAI) within the SN. We also found increased FC between the DMN, CEN and key node of the SN (anterior insula, AI). Correlation analysis showed that the increased FC within the networks was significantly correlated with smoking behaviors (pack-years, smoking duration, FTND, first smoking age, and number of cigarettes per day). Our findings may provide additional evidence for conceptualizing the framework of nicotine addiction as a disease of intercommunicating brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- XianFu Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, Inner Mongolia, China.,Information Center, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, 253000, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Xue
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, Inner Mongolia, China.,School of Science, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Fang Dong
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yangding Li
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Dongdong Xie
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yanzhi Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, Inner Mongolia, China. .,Life Sciences Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Dahua Yu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, Inner Mongolia, China.
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17
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Franklin TR, Jagannathan K, Spilka NH, Keyser H, Rao H, Ely AV, Janes AC, Wetherill RR. Smoking-induced craving relief relates to increased DLPFC-striatal coupling in nicotine-dependent women. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 221:108593. [PMID: 33611027 PMCID: PMC8026729 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Craving is a major contributor to drug-seeking and relapse. Although the ventral striatum (VS) is a primary neural correlate of craving, strategies aimed at manipulating VS function have not resulted in efficacious treatments. This incongruity may be because the VS does not influence craving in isolation. Instead, craving is likely mediated by communication between the VS and other neural substrates. Thus, we examined how striatal functional connectivity (FC) with key nodes of networks involved in addiction affects relief of craving, which is an important step in identifying viable treatment targets. METHODS Twenty-four nicotine-dependent non-abstinent women completed two resting-state (rs) fMRI scans, one before and one following smoking a cigarette in the scanner, and provided craving ratings before and after smoking the cigarette. A seed-based approach was used to examine rsFC between the VS, putamen and germane craving-related brain regions; the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), the posterior cingulate cortex, and the anterior ventral insula. RESULTS Smoking a cigarette was associated with a decrease in craving. Relief of craving correlated with increases in right dlPFC- bilateral VS (r = 0.57, p = 0.003, corrected) as did increased right dlPFC-left putamen coupling (r = 0.62, p = 0.001, corrected). CONCLUSIONS Smoking-induced relief of craving is associated with enhanced rsFC between the dlPFC, a region that plays a pivotal role in decision making, and the striatum, the neural structure underlying motivated behavior. These findings are highly consistent with a burgeoning literature implicating dlPFC-striatal interactions as a neurobiological substrate of craving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa R Franklin
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3535 Market Street Suite 500, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Kanchana Jagannathan
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3535 Market Street Suite 500, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nathaniel H Spilka
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3535 Market Street Suite 500, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Heather Keyser
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3535 Market Street Suite 500, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hengy Rao
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3700 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alice V Ely
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3535 Market Street Suite 500, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Amy C Janes
- Functional Integration of Addiction Research Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St. Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Reagan R Wetherill
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3535 Market Street Suite 500, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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18
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A double-blind randomized clinical trial of high frequency rTMS over the DLPFC on nicotine dependence, anxiety and depression. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1640. [PMID: 33452340 PMCID: PMC7810712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80927-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC) is a widely applied treatment protocol for chronic smoking and major depressive disorder. However, no previous study has measured the effects of rTMS on both nicotine consumption and anxiety/depression in the same volunteers despite the relationship between them. The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of 10 daily sessions of HF-rTMS over the L-DLPFC in chronic cigarette smokers' addiction and investigate the possible beneficial effects of this treatment procedure on symptoms of depression and anxiety in the same subjects. The study included 40 treatment-seeking nicotine-dependent cigarette smokers. Onset/duration of smoking, number of cigarettes/day, Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND), Tobacco Craving Questionnaire-Short Form (TCQ-SF), Hamilton depression and anxiety scales (HAM-D and HAM-A) were recorded. Participants were randomly assigned to the active or the sham treatment group. Those in the active group received 10 trains of 20 Hz stimulation, at 80% of the resting motor threshold (rMT) for 10 consecutive working days over L-DLPFC. Participants were reassessed immediately after treatment, and then 3 months later using all rating scales. There were no differences between active and sham groups at baseline. The cigarette consumption/day, and scores on FTND, and TCQ decreased significantly in both groups (p = 0.0001 for each) immediately after treatment. However, improvement persisted to 3 months in the active group but not in the sham group. Moreover, there was a significant reduction in HAM-D and HAM-A scores immediately after treatment in the active but not the sham group. Subjects with a longer history of smoking had a lower percent improvement in FTND (p = 0.005). Our findings revealed that HF-rTMS over L-DLPCF for 10 days reduced cigarette consumption, craving, dependence, and improved associated symptoms of anxiety and depression.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03264755 registered at 29/08/2017.
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Manoliu A, Haugg A, Sladky R, Hulka L, Kirschner M, Brühl AB, Seifritz E, Quednow B, Herdener M, Scharnowski F. SmoCuDa: A Validated Smoking Cue Database to Reliably Induce Craving in Tobacco Use Disorder. Eur Addict Res 2021; 27:107-114. [PMID: 32854096 DOI: 10.1159/000509758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cue-reactivity paradigms provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of nicotine craving in nicotine-dependent subjects. In order to study cue-driven nicotine craving, robust and validated stimulus datasets are essential. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to generate and validate a large set of individually rated smoking-related cues that allow for assessment of different stimulus intensities along the dimensions craving, valence, and arousal. METHODS The image database consisted of 330 visual cues. Two hundred fifty smoking-associated pictures (Creative Commons license) were chosen from online databases and showed a widespread variety of smoking-associated content. Eighty pictures from previously published databases were included for cross-validation. Forty volunteers with tobacco use disorder rated "urge-to-smoke," "valence," and "arousal" for all images on a 100-point visual analogue scale. Pictures were also labelled according to 18 categories such as lit/unlit cigarettes in mouth, cigarette end, and cigarette in ashtray. RESULTS Ratings (mean ± SD) were as follows: urge to smoke, 44.9 ± 13.2; valence, 51.2 ± 7.6; and arousal, 54.6 ± 7.1. All ratings, particularly "urge to smoke," were widely distributed along the whole scale spectrum. CONCLUSIONS We present a novel image library of well-described smoking-related cues, which were rated on a continuous scale along the dimensions craving, valence, and arousal that accounts for inter-individual differences. The rating software, image database, and their ratings are publicly available at https://smocuda.github.io.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Manoliu
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, .,Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom, .,Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, United Kingdom,
| | - Amelie Haugg
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ronald Sladky
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lea Hulka
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kirschner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Annette B Brühl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Boris Quednow
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Herdener
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Scharnowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Relationship between BMI and alcohol consumption levels in decision making. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:2455-2463. [PMID: 34363001 PMCID: PMC8528710 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00919-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decision-making deficits in obesity and alcohol use disorder (AUD) may contribute to the choice of immediate rewards despite their long-term deleterious consequences. METHODS Gambling task functional MRI in Human connectome project (HCP) dataset was used to investigate neural activation differences associated with reward or punishment (a key component of decision-making behavior) in 418 individuals with obesity (high BMI) and without obesity (lean BMI) and either at high (HR) or low (LR) risk of AUD based on their alcohol drinking levels. RESULTS Interaction between BMI and alcohol drinking was seen in regions of the default mode network (DMN) and those implicated in self-related processing, memory, and salience attribution. ObesityHR relative to obesityLR also recruited DMN along with primary motor and regions implicated in inattention, negative perception, and uncertain choices, which might facilitate impulsive choices in obesityHR. Furthermore, obesityHR compared to leanHR/leanLR also demonstrated heightened activation in DMN and regions implicated in uncertain decisions. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that BMI is an independent variable from that of alcohol drinking levels in neural processing of gambling tasks. Moreover, leanLR relative to leanHR, showed increased activation in motor regions [precentral and superior frontal gyrus] suggestive of worse executive function from excessive alcohol use. Delayed discounting measures failed to distinguish between obesity and high alcohol drinking levels, which as for gambling task results suggests independent negative effects of obesity and chronic alcohol drinking on decision-making. These findings highlight distinct associations of obesity and high-risk alcohol drinking with two key constituents of decision-making behavior.
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Graham AL, Amato MS, Jacobs MA, Romberg AR, Diaz MC, Rahman B, Schillo BA. Vaping in the Workplace: Implications for Employer-Sponsored Tobacco Cessation Programs. J Occup Environ Med 2020; 62:986-992. [PMID: 32881778 PMCID: PMC7720875 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess workplace vaping as a trigger for tobacco use; examine interest in and prevalence of vaping cessation programs; determine needs of parents whose children vape. METHODS Employees of companies with more than 150 employees, drawn from an opt-in national online panel (N = 1607), ages 18 to 65, completed an online survey in November 2019. RESULTS Among tobacco users, 46% to 48% reported workplace vaping was a trigger for smoking and vaping, respectively; 7% of former users reported it as a trigger. Quit vaping support is important to 85% of employees; 1/3 of workplaces have such programs, with industry variation. Child vaping results in presenteeism and absenteeism among roughly 1/3 of parents. CONCLUSIONS Workplace vaping is a trigger for smoking and vaping among current and former tobacco users. A gap exists between desired support for vaping cessation and current employer-sponsored cessation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Graham
- Innovations Center (Dr Graham, Dr Amato, Ms Jacobs), Truth Initiative, Washington, DC; Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (Dr Graham, Dr Amato); Schroeder Institute (Dr Romberg, Dr Diaz, Ms Rahman, Dr Schillo), Truth Initiative, Washington, DC; and College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York (Dr Romberg)
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Aviram-Friedman R, Kafri L, Baz G, Alyagon U, Zangen A. Prisoners of Addictive Cues: Biobehavioral Markers of Overweight and Obese Adults with Food Addiction. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113563. [PMID: 33233720 PMCID: PMC7699916 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with food and eating addiction (FA), but the biobehavioral markers of this condition are poorly understood. To characterize FA, we recruited 18 healthy controls and overweight/obese adults with (n = 31) and without (n = 17) FA (H-C, FAOB, NFAOB, respectively) to assess alpha brain asymmetry at rest using electroencephalogram; event-related potentials following exposure to high-calorie food (HCF), low-calorie food (LCF), and nonfood (NF) images in a Stroop paradigm; reaction time reflective of the Stroop bias; and symptoms of depression and disordered eating behavior. The FAOB group had the greatest emotional and uncontrollable eating, depressive, and binge-eating symptoms. The FAOB group displayed lower resting left alpha brain asymmetry than that of the NFAOB group. Differently from the other groups, the FAOB group presented attenuated Stroop bias following exposure to HCF relative to NF images, as well as a lower late positive potential component (LPPb; 450-495 ms) in both frontal and occipital regions. In the total cohort, a correlation was found between the Stroop bias and the LPPb amplitude. These results point to biobehavioral hypervigilance in response to addictive food triggers in overweight/obese adults with FA. This resembles other addictive disorders but is absent in overweight/obesity without FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Aviram-Friedman
- Correspondence: (R.A.-F.); (A.Z.); Tel.: +972-52-6066876 or +972-8-6472646 (R.A.-F. & A.Z.)
| | | | | | | | - Abraham Zangen
- Correspondence: (R.A.-F.); (A.Z.); Tel.: +972-52-6066876 or +972-8-6472646 (R.A.-F. & A.Z.)
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Hernández-Serrano O, Ghiţă A, Figueras-Puigderrajols N, Fernández-Ruiz J, Monras M, Ortega L, Mondon S, Teixidor L, Gual A, Ugas-Ballester L, Fernández M, Montserrat R, Porras-Garcia B, Ferrer-Garcia M, Gutiérrez-Maldonado J. Predictors of Changes in Alcohol Craving Levels during a Virtual Reality Cue Exposure Treatment among Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3018. [PMID: 32962176 PMCID: PMC7565669 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9093018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Determining the predictive variables associated with levels of alcohol craving can ease the identification of patients who can benefit from treatments. This study aimed to describe changes (improvement or no change/deterioration) in alcohol craving levels and explore the predictors of these changes from admission to discharge in outpatients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) undergoing treatment-as-usual (TAU), or treatment-as-usual supplemented with virtual reality cue-exposure therapy (TAU + VR-CET). METHOD A prospective cohort study was conducted amongst 42 outpatients with AUD (n = 15 TAU + VR-CET and n = 27 TAU) from a clinical setting. Changes in the levels of alcohol craving between admission and discharge were assessed with the Multidimensional Alcohol Craving Scale. Sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, education, and socioeconomic and civil status), cognitive-affective behavioral patterns (AUD severity, abstinence duration, psychiatric comorbidity, state anxiety, attentional bias, and substance use), and type of treatment (TAU + VR-CET and only TAU) were also evaluated. RESULTS The TAU + VR-CET group showed greater changes of improvement in the levels of alcohol craving than the TAU group (χ2 = 10.996; p = 0.001). Intragroup changes in alcohol craving from pre to post-treatment were significant in the TAU + VR-CET group (χ2 = 13.818; p = 0.003) but not within the TAU group (χ2 = 2.349; p = 0.503). The odds of an improvement in any of the craving levels between pre- and post-test was 18.18 (1/0.055) times higher in the TAU + VR-CET group with respect to the TAU group. The use of illicit drugs in the month prior to the test increased the odds of having a positive change by 18.18 (1/0.055) with respect to not having consumed. CONCLUSIONS Including VR-CET in TAU programs may provide benefits in the treatment of AUDs mainly among patients with intense alcohol craving and individuals having used illicit substances prior to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Hernández-Serrano
- Department of Physical Therapy, Escola Universitària de la Salut i l’Esport (EUSES)-University of Girona, Carrer Francesc Macià, 65, Campus of Salt, 17190 Girona PC, Spain;
| | - Alexandra Ghiţă
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de Vall d’Hebron, 175, 08035 Barcelona PC, Spain; (A.G.); (N.F.-P.); (J.F.-R.); (L.U.-B.); (M.F.); (R.M.); (B.P.-G.); (M.F.-G.)
| | - Natàlia Figueras-Puigderrajols
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de Vall d’Hebron, 175, 08035 Barcelona PC, Spain; (A.G.); (N.F.-P.); (J.F.-R.); (L.U.-B.); (M.F.); (R.M.); (B.P.-G.); (M.F.-G.)
| | - Jolanda Fernández-Ruiz
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de Vall d’Hebron, 175, 08035 Barcelona PC, Spain; (A.G.); (N.F.-P.); (J.F.-R.); (L.U.-B.); (M.F.); (R.M.); (B.P.-G.); (M.F.-G.)
| | - Miquel Monras
- Addictive Behaviors Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Carrer de Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona PC, Spain; (M.M.); (L.O.); (S.M.); (L.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Lluïsa Ortega
- Addictive Behaviors Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Carrer de Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona PC, Spain; (M.M.); (L.O.); (S.M.); (L.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Silvia Mondon
- Addictive Behaviors Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Carrer de Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona PC, Spain; (M.M.); (L.O.); (S.M.); (L.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Lidia Teixidor
- Addictive Behaviors Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Carrer de Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona PC, Spain; (M.M.); (L.O.); (S.M.); (L.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Antoni Gual
- Addictive Behaviors Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Carrer de Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona PC, Spain; (M.M.); (L.O.); (S.M.); (L.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Lidia Ugas-Ballester
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de Vall d’Hebron, 175, 08035 Barcelona PC, Spain; (A.G.); (N.F.-P.); (J.F.-R.); (L.U.-B.); (M.F.); (R.M.); (B.P.-G.); (M.F.-G.)
| | - Maribel Fernández
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de Vall d’Hebron, 175, 08035 Barcelona PC, Spain; (A.G.); (N.F.-P.); (J.F.-R.); (L.U.-B.); (M.F.); (R.M.); (B.P.-G.); (M.F.-G.)
| | - Roger Montserrat
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de Vall d’Hebron, 175, 08035 Barcelona PC, Spain; (A.G.); (N.F.-P.); (J.F.-R.); (L.U.-B.); (M.F.); (R.M.); (B.P.-G.); (M.F.-G.)
| | - Bruno Porras-Garcia
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de Vall d’Hebron, 175, 08035 Barcelona PC, Spain; (A.G.); (N.F.-P.); (J.F.-R.); (L.U.-B.); (M.F.); (R.M.); (B.P.-G.); (M.F.-G.)
| | - Marta Ferrer-Garcia
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de Vall d’Hebron, 175, 08035 Barcelona PC, Spain; (A.G.); (N.F.-P.); (J.F.-R.); (L.U.-B.); (M.F.); (R.M.); (B.P.-G.); (M.F.-G.)
| | - José Gutiérrez-Maldonado
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de Vall d’Hebron, 175, 08035 Barcelona PC, Spain; (A.G.); (N.F.-P.); (J.F.-R.); (L.U.-B.); (M.F.); (R.M.); (B.P.-G.); (M.F.-G.)
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Kamens HM, Silva CP, Nye RT, Miller CN, Singh N, Sipko J, Trushin N, Sun D, Branstetter SA, Muscat JE, Richie JP, Foulds J. Pharmacokinetic Profile of Spectrum Reduced Nicotine Cigarettes. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 22:273-279. [PMID: 30892637 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spectrum research cigarettes have been developed with varying nicotine content for use in studies evaluating the effects of a regulatory policy reducing the permissible nicotine content in cigarettes. This study aimed to characterize the nicotine pharmacokinetic profile of Spectrum cigarettes. METHODS Twelve daily smokers attended four sessions and had blood nicotine, exhaled carbon monoxide, and subjective effects measured before and after smoking either a single cigarette of their preferred brand or high (10.9 mg/cigarette), medium (3.2 mg/cigarette), or low (0.2 mg/cigarette) nicotine content Spectrum research cigarettes, in a double-blind design with order counterbalanced. RESULTS The boost in blood nicotine concentration was dose-dependent, with a boost of 0.3, 3.9, and 17.3 ng/mL for low-, medium-, and high-nicotine content Spectrum cigarettes. The high dose Spectrum had a similar nicotine boost to the "preferred brand" cigarettes (19 ng/mL). Subjects took longer puffs on the low nicotine cigarettes, but smoked these cigarettes faster than other cigarette types. High nicotine Spectrum cigarettes reduced the urge to smoke more than other cigarette types. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that Spectrum research cigarettes produce blood nicotine absorption in a dose-dependent manner, and therefore, are appropriate for use in studies of nicotine reduction in cigarettes. IMPLICATIONS This is the first study to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of Spectrum reduced nicotine content research cigarettes following an overnight abstinence. These data could provide evidence to regulatory agencies about the effects of reduced nicotine cigarettes when considering regulations on tobacco reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Kamens
- Biobehavioral Health Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.,Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA
| | - Constanza P Silva
- Biobehavioral Health Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Russell T Nye
- Biobehavioral Health Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Carley N Miller
- Biobehavioral Health Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Nayantara Singh
- Biobehavioral Health Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Joseph Sipko
- Biobehavioral Health Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Neil Trushin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA
| | - Dongxiao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA.,Penn State Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA
| | - Steven A Branstetter
- Biobehavioral Health Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.,Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA
| | - Joshua E Muscat
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA
| | - John P Richie
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA.,Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA
| | - Jonathan Foulds
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA.,Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA
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Jain S, Dhawan A, Kumaran SS, Deep R, Jain R. BOLD activation during cue induced craving in adolescent inhalant users. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 52:102097. [PMID: 32454423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Inhalants are legally available substances, most of them inexpensive, which are often abused by adolescents. Craving causes their continued use and repeated relapses. There is a need to understand the cue-induced craving and the associated neural mechanisms. In absence of any such prior study, the present study compared the hemodynamic changes in brain associated with craving effect in adolescent inhalant users and healthy controls using blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) mechanism. This was an observational case control study with twelve adolescents, aged 12-18 years, with current use of inhalants as their primary drug, and twelve healthy, age and gender-matched adolescents, with no lifetime use of inhalants. Clinical assessments included Teen Addiction Severity Index and Visual Analogue Scale for craving. Participants abstained from all substances during 48 h prior to fMRI, confirmed by urinalysis. A validated visual cue block paradigm with neutral and craving cues was presented during the BOLD assessments in a 3 T MR system. The inhalant users exhibited BOLD activation in inferior frontal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, superior occipital gyrus, cingulate gyrus, lentiform nucleus, thalamus, and culmen as compared to control group. The control group exhibited activation of insula as compared to cases. The results may be attributed to visuo-spatial attention, visual perception, working memory, and motivation associated with visual cue reactivity. This preliminary study provides important findings pertaining to activation patterns in response to cue-induced craving among adolescent inhalant users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobhit Jain
- Department of Psychiatry, Heritage Institute of Medical Sciences (HIMS), Varanasi, India.
| | - Anju Dhawan
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Center (NDDTC) Department of Psychiatry All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - S Senthil Kumaran
- Department of NMR and MRI Facility All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
| | - Raman Deep
- Department of Psychiatry All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
| | - Raka Jain
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC) All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
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Schlagintweit HE, Perry RN, Darredeau C, Barrett SP. Non-pharmacological Considerations in Human Research of Nicotine and Tobacco Effects: A Review. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 22:1260-1266. [PMID: 31058286 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Human research of nicotine and tobacco effects demonstrates that non-pharmacological factors may systematically affect responses to administered substances and inert placebos. Failure to measure or manipulate these factors may compromise study reliability and validity. This is especially relevant for double-blind placebo-controlled research of nicotine, tobacco, and related substances. In this article, we review laboratory-based human research of the impact of non-pharmacological factors on responses to tobacco and nicotine administration. Results suggest that varying beliefs about drug content and effects, perceptions about drug use opportunities, and intentions to cease drug use systematically alter subjective, behavioral, and physiological responses to nicotine, tobacco, and placebo administration. These non-pharmacological factors should be considered when designing and interpreting the findings of human research of nicotine and tobacco effects, particularly when a double-blind placebo-controlled design is used. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed, and we propose methodological strategies to enhance the reliability and validity of future research. IMPLICATIONS Growing research demonstrates that non-pharmacological factors systematically alter responses to acute nicotine, tobacco, and placebo administration. Indeed, varying beliefs about nicotine and/or tobacco administration and effects, differing perceptions about nicotine and/or tobacco use opportunities, and inconsistent motivation to quit smoking have been found to exert important influences on subjective, physiological, and behavioral responses. These variables are infrequently measured or manipulated in nicotine and tobacco research, which compromises the validity of study findings. Incorporating methodological strategies to better account for these non-pharmacological factors has the potential to improve the quality of addiction research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hera E Schlagintweit
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robin N Perry
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Christine Darredeau
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sean P Barrett
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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27
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Stramba-Badiale C, Mancuso V, Cavedoni S, Pedroli E, Cipresso P, Riva G. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Meets Virtual Reality: The Potential of Integrating Brain Stimulation With a Simulative Technology for Food Addiction. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:720. [PMID: 32760243 PMCID: PMC7372037 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this perspective is to propose and discuss the integration of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with virtual reality (VR) food exposure for therapeutic interventions for food addiction. "Food addiction" is a dysfunctional eating pattern which is typically observed in eating disorders (ED) such as bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. Food addiction has been compared to substance use disorder due to the necessity of consuming a substance (food) and the presence of a dependence behavior. In recent years, VR has been applied in the treatment of ED because it triggers psychological and physiological responses through food exposure in place of real stimuli. Virtual reality-Cue exposure therapy has been proven as a valid technique for regulating anxiety and food craving in ED. More, TMS has been proven to modulate circuits and networks implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders and is effective in treating addiction such as nicotine craving and consumption and cocaine use disorder. The combination of a simulative technology and a neurostimulation would presumably provide better improvement compared to a single intervention because it implies the presence of both cognitive and neuropsychological techniques. The possible advantage of this approach will be discussed in the perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Stramba-Badiale
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Mancuso
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Cavedoni
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Pedroli
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, E-Campus University, Novedrate, Italy
| | - Pietro Cipresso
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
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Xue T, Dong F, Huang R, Tao Z, Tang J, Cheng Y, Zhou M, Hu Y, Li X, Yu D, Ju H, Yuan K. Dynamic Neuroimaging Biomarkers of Smoking in Young Smokers. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:663. [PMID: 32754067 PMCID: PMC7367415 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine potential changes in the dynamic characteristics of regional neural activity in young smokers and to detect whether the changes were associated with smoking behavior. METHODS The dynamic regional homogeneity (dReHo) and dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (dALFF) in 40 young smokers and 42 nonsmokers were compared. Correlation analyses were also performed between dReHo and dALFF in areas showing group differences and smoking behavior [e.g., the Fagerström Test for Nicotine dependence (FTND) scores and pack-years]. RESULTS Significantly differences in dReHo variability were observed in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), superior frontal gyrus (SFG), medial frontal gyrus (MFG), insula, cuneus, postcentral gyrus, inferior semi-lunar lobule, orbitofrontal gyrus, and inferior temporal gyrus (ITG). Young smokers also showed significantly increased dALFF variability in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and ITG. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was found between dALFF variability in the ACC and the pack-years; whereas a significant negative correlation between dReHo variability in the IFG and the FTND scores was found in young smokers. CONCLUSION The pattern of resting state regional neural activity variability was different between young smokers and nonsmokers. Dynamic regional indexes might be a novel neuroimaging biomarker of smoking behavior in young smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xue
- School of Science, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Fang Dong
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Ruoyan Huang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Zhanlong Tao
- School of Science, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Jun Tang
- School of Science, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Yongxin Cheng
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Yiting Hu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Xiaojian Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Dahua Yu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Haitao Ju
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
- Life Sciences Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
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Ketcherside A, Jagannathan K, Dolui S, Hager N, Spilka N, Nutor C, Rao H, Franklin T, Wetherill R. Baclofen-induced Changes in the Resting Brain Modulate Smoking Cue Reactivity: A Double-blind Placebo-controlled Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study in Cigarette Smokers. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 18:289-302. [PMID: 32329309 PMCID: PMC7242101 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2020.18.2.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective Smoking cue-(SC) elicited craving can lead to relapse in SC-vulnerable individuals. Thus, identifying treatments that target SC-elicited craving is a top research priority. Reduced drug cue neural activity is associated with recovery and is marked by a profile of greater tonic (resting) activation in executive control regions, and increased connectivity between executive and salience regions. Evidence suggests the GABA-B agonist baclofen can reduce drug cue-elicited neural activity, potentially through its actions on the resting brain. Based on the literature, we hypothesize that baclofen’s effects in the resting brain can predict its effects during SC exposure. Methods In this longitudinal, double blind, placebo-controlled neuropharmacological study 43 non-abstinent, sated treatment-seeking cigarette smokers (63% male) participated in an fMRI resting-state scan and a SC-reactivity task prior to (T1) and 3 weeks following randomization (T2; baclofen: 80 mg/day; n = 21). Subjective craving reports were acquired before and after SC exposure to explicitly examine SC-induced craving. Results Whole-brain full-factorial analysis revealed a group-by-time interaction with greater resting brain activation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) at T2 in the baclofen group (BAC) (pFWEcorr = 0.02), which was associated with reduced neural responses to SCs in key cue-reactive brain regions; the anterior ventral insula and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (pFWEcorr < 0.01). BAC, but not the placebo group reported decreased SC-elicited craving (p = 0.02). Conclusion Results suggest that baclofen mitigates the reward response to SCs through an increase in tonic activation of the dlPFC, an executive control region. Through these mechanisms, baclofen may offer SC-vulnerable smokers protection from SC-induced relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Ketcherside
- The Center for Studies of Addiction, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kanchana Jagannathan
- The Center for Studies of Addiction, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sudipto Dolui
- The Center for Studies of Addiction, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nathan Hager
- The Center for Studies of Addiction, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Nathaniel Spilka
- The Center for Studies of Addiction, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chaela Nutor
- The Center for Studies of Addiction, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hengyi Rao
- The Center for Studies of Addiction, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Teresa Franklin
- The Center for Studies of Addiction, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Reagan Wetherill
- The Center for Studies of Addiction, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Carl E, Liskiewicz A, Rivard C, Alberico R, Belal A, Mahoney MC, Quisenberry AJ, Bickel WK, Sheffer CE. Dosing parameters for the effects of high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation on smoking cessation: study protocol for a randomized factorial sham-controlled clinical trial. BMC Psychol 2020; 8:42. [PMID: 32357940 PMCID: PMC7193364 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-020-00403-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the considerable success of comprehensive tobacco control efforts, tobacco use remains one of the greatest preventable causes of death and disease today. Over half of all smokers in the US make quit attempts every year, but over 90% relapse within 12 months, choosing the immediate reinforcement of smoking over the long-term benefits of quitting. Conceptual and empirical evidence supports continued investigation of high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in reducing relapse and decreasing cigarette consumption. While this evidence is compelling, an optimal dosing strategy must be determined before a long-term efficacy trial can be conducted. The goal of this study is to determine a dosing strategy for 20 Hz rTMS that will produce the best long-term abstinence outcomes with the fewest undesirable effects. METHODS This is a fully crossed, double-blinded, sham-controlled, 3x2x2 randomized factorial study. The three factors are duration (stimulation days: 8, 12, and 16); intensity (900 or 1800 pulses per day); and sham control. Participants (n = 258) will consist of adults (18-65) who are motivated to quit smoking cigarettes and who will be followed for 6 months post-quit. Outcomes include latency to relapse, point prevalence abstinence rates, delay discounting rates, cognitive-behavioral skills acquisition, and multiple measures of potential undesirable effects that impact participant compliance. DISCUSSION This study integrates existing theoretical concepts and methodologies from neuropsychology, behavioral economics, brain stimulation, clinical psychology, and the evidence-based treatment of tobacco dependence in the development of a promising and innovative approach to treat tobacco dependence. This study will establish an optimal dosing regimen for efficacy testing. Findings are expected to have a significant influence on advancing this approach as well as informing future research on clinical approaches that combine rTMS with other evidence-based treatments for tobacco dependence and perhaps other addictions. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials NCT03865472 (retrospectively registered). The first participant was fully enrolled on November 26, 2018. Registration was posted on March 7, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Carl
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
| | | | - Cheryl Rivard
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Ronald Alberico
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Ahmed Belal
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Martin C Mahoney
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | | | - Warren K Bickel
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
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Kim JI, Lee JD, Hwang HJ, Ki SW, Park IH, Park TY. Altered subcallosal and posterior cingulate cortex-based functional connectivity during smoking cue and mental simulation processing in smokers. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 97:109772. [PMID: 31647945 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term cigarette smoking induces sensitization of incentive salience and conditioning of contextual cues which involves brain function alteration across multiple regions. Understanding how nicotine affects hub-based functional connectivities involved in affective and cognitive function can help us determine the treatment strategy for nicotine dependence. METHOD Functional MRI was conducted on 30 smokers and 30 non-smokers while mentally simulating neutral and smoking hand movements. Smoking cue and mental simulation processing-related changes in functional connectivity strengths of the subcallosal and posterior cingulate cortex (SCC and PCC) with major brain network nodes were examined. RESULTS Compared to non-smokers, smokers showed cue-induced SCC functional connectivities which were enhanced with the intraparietal sulcus and reduced with the medial prefrontal cortex. The PCC activation and functional connectivity enhancements with the anterior insula cortex and rostro-lateral prefrontal cortex was found during smoking mental simulation. The PCC-lateral prefrontal cortex functional connectivity correlated with nicotine dependence severity. CONCLUSION The present results demonstrate that smokers can be identified by cue-induced SCC functional connectivity strength decline and increment in the default mode and dorsal attention network nodes. However, nicotine dependence was associated with smoking mental simulation-related PCC-lateral prefrontal cortex functional connectivity strength, suggesting that the development of nicotine dependence may depend on the strength of coupling between the default mode network and the central executive network at the cognitive level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong Il Kim
- Institute of Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Doo Lee
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Hwang
- Department of Family Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Wan Ki
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Ho Park
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Yong Park
- Department of Korean Traditional Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Allenby C, Falcone M, Wileyto EP, Cao W, Bernardo L, Ashare RL, Janes A, Loughead J, Lerman C. Neural cue reactivity during acute abstinence predicts short-term smoking relapse. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12733. [PMID: 30806013 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In smokers, neural responses to smoking cues can be sensitive to acute abstinence, but the degree to which abstinence-related cue reactivity contributes to relapse is not fully understood. This study addressed this question in a sample of 75 smokers who were motivated to quit smoking. Participants underwent blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during presentation of visual smoking cues and neutral stimuli on two occasions: once during smoking satiety and once following 24-hour abstinence (order counterbalanced). Following the imaging sessions, participants received brief smoking cessation counseling prior to a short-term (7-day) quit attempt. The primary smoking cessation outcome was biochemically confirmed 7-day relapse. The secondary smoking cessation outcome measure was total number of self-reported days of abstinence. During abstinence (vs satiety), smoking cue reactivity was significantly increased only in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC); other regions showing a cue (vs neutral) response did not exhibit an abstinence effect in the stringent whole-brain analysis. Participants who showed greater smoking cue reactivity in the ACC during acute abstinence (compared with smoking satiety) were more likely to relapse (OR = 2.10 per standard deviation increase in percent signal change [abstinence minus smoking satiety], 95% CI: 1.05 to 4.20, P = 0.036). Greater abstinence-induced change in ACC activation also predicted fewer total days abstinent (β = -0.63, 95% CI = 0.43 to 0.66, P < 0.0001). This study provides the first evidence that changes in smoking cue reactivity in the ACC during acute abstinence predict smoking relapse, thereby improving our understanding of the neurobiology of smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheyenne Allenby
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Mary Falcone
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
| | - E. Paul Wileyto
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and InformaticsUniversity of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Wen Cao
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Leah Bernardo
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Rebecca L. Ashare
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Amy Janes
- McLean Hospital, and the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical SchoolMcLean Imaging Center Belmont MA USA
| | - James Loughead
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Caryn Lerman
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
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Faria V, Han P, Joshi A, Enck P, Hummel T. Verbal suggestions of nicotine content modulate ventral tegmental neural activity during the presentation of a nicotine-free odor in cigarette smokers. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 31:100-108. [PMID: 31812330 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Expectancies of nicotine content have been shown to impact smokers' subjective responses and smoking behaviors. However, little is known about the neural substrates modulated by verbally induced expectancies in smokers. In this study we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate how verbally induced expectations, regarding the presence or absence of nicotine, modulated smokers' neural response to a nicotine-free odor. While laying in the scanner, all participants (N = 24) were given a nicotine-free odor, but whereas one group was correctly informed about the absence of nicotine (control group n = 12), the other group was led to believe that the presented odor contained nicotine (expectancy group n = 12). Smokers in the expectancy group had significantly increased blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) responses during the presentation of the nicotine-free odor in the left ventral tegmental area (VTA), and in the right insula, as compared to smokers in the control group (Regions of interest analysis with pFWE-corrected p ≤ 0.05). At a more liberal uncorrected statistical level (p-unc ≤ 0.001), increased bilateral reactivity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) was also observed in the expectancy group as compared with the control group. Our findings suggest that nicotine-expectancies induced through verbal instructions can modulate nicotine relevant brain regions, without nicotine administration, and provide further neural support for the key role that cognitive expectancies play in the cause and treatment of nicotine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanda Faria
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Center for Pain and the Brain, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Pengfei Han
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Akshita Joshi
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Paul Enck
- Department of Internal Medicine VI: Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Woodcock EA, Zakiniaeiz Y, Morris ED, Cosgrove KP. Sex and the dopaminergic system: Insights from addiction studies. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2020; 175:141-165. [PMID: 33008522 PMCID: PMC11267480 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64123-6.00011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences are present in psychiatric disorders associated with disrupted dopamine function, and thus, sex differences in dopamine neurobiology may underlie these clinical disparities. In this chapter, we review sex differences in the dopaminergic system with a focus on substance use disorders, especially tobacco smoking, as our exemplar disorder. This chapter is organized into five sections describing sex differences in the dopaminergic system: (1) neurobiology, (2) role of sex hormones, (3) genetic underpinnings, (4) cognitive function, and (5) influence on addiction. In each section, we provide an overview of the topic area, summarize sex differences identified to date, highlight addiction research, especially clinical neuroimaging studies, and suggest avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Woodcock
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yasmin Zakiniaeiz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Evan D Morris
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Invicro, LLC, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
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Zakiniaeiz Y, Hillmer AT, Matuskey D, Nabulsi N, Ropchan J, Mazure CM, Picciotto MR, Huang Y, McKee SA, Morris ED, Cosgrove KP. Sex differences in amphetamine-induced dopamine release in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of tobacco smokers. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:2205-2211. [PMID: 31269510 PMCID: PMC6897943 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0456-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences exist in the neurochemical mechanisms underlying tobacco smoking and smoking-related behaviors. Men tend to smoke for the reinforcing effects of nicotine, whereas women tend to smoke for stress and mood regulation, and have a harder time maintaining long-term abstinence. The mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system drives the reinforcing effects of tobacco smoking, whereas the mesocortical DA system-including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC)-is critical for stress-related cognitive functioning and inhibitory control. This study is the first to investigate dlPFC D2/3-type receptor (D2R) availability and amphetamine-induced cortical DA release in smokers and nonsmokers. Forty-nine subjects (24 tobacco smokers (12 females) and 25 sex- and age-matched nonsmokers) participated in two same-day [11C]FLB457 positron emission tomography (PET) scans before and 3-hours after amphetamine administration (0.4-0.5 mg/kg, PO). D2R availability (non-displaceable binding potential; BPND) was measured pre- and post-amphetamine. The percent fractional change in BPND (%ΔBPND) between pre- and post-amphetamine, an index of DA release, was compared between male and female smokers and nonsmokers. Smokers showed significantly lower dlPFC D2R availability (BPND = 0.77 ± 0.05) than nonsmokers (BPND = 0.92 ± 0.04), p = 0.016, driven by males. Female smokers showed significantly less amphetamine-induced DA release in dlPFC (%ΔBPND = 1.9 ± 3.0%) than male smokers (%ΔBPND = 14.0 ± 4.3%), p < 0.005, and female nonsmokers (%ΔBPND = 9.3 ± 3.3%), p < 0.005. This study shows that in the prefrontal cortex, smokers have lower D2R availability than nonsmokers and that female vs. male smokers have a blunted amphetamine-induced DA release. These findings demonstrate that tobacco smoking differentially affects the mesocortical DA system in men vs. women, suggesting a potential target for gender-specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Zakiniaeiz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Matuskey
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jim Ropchan
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carolyn M Mazure
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Women's Health Research at Yale, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Yiyun Huang
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sherry A McKee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Evan D Morris
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Kruse I. The Controllability Hypothesis: Near‐miss effect points to common neurological machinery in posterior parietal cortex for controllable objects and concepts. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50:3786-3803. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hauer L, Scarano GI, Brigo F, Golaszewski S, Lochner P, Trinka E, Sellner J, Nardone R. Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on nicotine consumption and craving: A systematic review. Psychiatry Res 2019; 281:112562. [PMID: 31521838 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We performed a systematic review of the studies employing repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in subjects with smoking addiction. High-frequency (HF) rTMS over the prefrontal cortex (PFC), in particular the left dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC), might represent a save and innovative treatment tool for tobacco consumption and craving in nicotine-dependent otherwise healthy people. rTMS can be effective for this indication also in patients with schizophrenia, but the results are conflicting and sufficient evidence from large-scale trials is still lacking. Promising results have been obtained using particular techniques for brain stimulation, such as deep rTMS and theta burst stimulation. Multiple-target HF rTMS can also have a potential in smoking cessation. fMRI and EEG recordings have proven to be useful for objectively assessing the treatment effects. TMS is likely to be most effective when paired with an evidence-based self-help intervention, cognitive-behavioral interventions and nicotine replacement therapy. However, the most recent studies employed different protocols and yielded heterogeneous results, which should be replicated in further controlled studies with larger sample sizes and rigorous standards of randomization. To date, no recommendation other than that a possible efficacy of HF-rTMS of the left DLPFC can be made for alternative rTMS procedures in nicotine craving and consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Hauer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Francesco Brigo
- Department of Neurology, Franz Tappeiner Hospital, Merano, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Stefan Golaszewski
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Karl Landsteiner Institut für Neurorehabilitation und Raumfahrtneurologie, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Piergiorgio Lochner
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Eugen Trinka
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Centre for Cognitive Neurosciences Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; University for Medical Informatics and Health Technology, UMIT, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Johann Sellner
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Raffaele Nardone
- Department of Neurology, Franz Tappeiner Hospital, Merano, Italy; Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
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Cui Y, Engelmann JM, Gilbert DG, Waters AJ, Cinciripini PM, Robinson JD. The impact of nicotine dose and instructed dose on smokers' implicit attitudes to smoking cues: An ERP study. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2019; 33:710-720. [PMID: 31657594 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
It is unclear whether nicotine and perceived nicotine exposure can influence automatic evaluations of cigarette stimuli. In the present study, we investigated the effects of nicotine dose and instructed dose on motivational responses to smoking cues. Forty overnight nicotine-deprived smokers completed an Implicit Association Test (IAT) at each of the four laboratory sessions in a balanced-placebo design that crossed nicotine dose (Given-NIC [given nicotine] vs. Given-DENIC [given denicotinized]) with instructed dose expectancy (Told-NIC [told-nicotine] vs. Told-DENIC. [told-denicotinized]). We measured participants' behavioral performance, including reaction time (RT) and accuracy rate, and the early posterior negativity (EPN) component using the event-related potential (ERP) technique to the target pictures. During congruent trials when the categorization condition was smoking or unpleasant, smokers had greater classification accuracy, shorter RT latency, and greater EPN amplitudes compared to the incongruent trials when the categorization condition was smoking or pleasant. The Given-NIC condition was associated with increased classification accuracy, longer RT latency, and decreased EPN amplitudes compared to the Given-DENIC condition. Similarly, the Told-NIC condition was associated with increased accuracy and decreased EPN amplitudes compared to the Told-DENIC condition, but with shorter RT latency. Cigarette-related pictures produced greater EPN amplitudes than neutral pictures. Both behavioral and ERP results suggest that smokers have negative implicit attitudes toward smoking. While both nicotine dose and expected dose facilitated stimulus categorization, there was no evidence that either factor altered smokers' negative attitudes toward smoking cues. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cui
- Department of Behavioral Science
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Schulte EM, Yokum S, Jahn A, Gearhardt AN. Food cue reactivity in food addiction: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Physiol Behav 2019; 208:112574. [PMID: 31181233 PMCID: PMC6620138 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While neuroimaging studies have revealed that reward dysfunction may similarly contribute to obesity and addiction, no prior studies have examined neural responses in individuals who meet the "clinical" food addiction phenotype. METHODS Women (n = 44) with overweight and obesity, nearly half of whom (n = 20) met criteria for moderate-to-severe Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) food addiction, participated in a functional magnetic resonance imaging cue reactivity task. Participants viewed images of highly processed foods, minimally processed foods, and household objects while thinking about how much they wanted each item. Differences in neural responses by YFAS 2.0 food addiction to highly processed and minimally processed food cues were investigated. RESULTS There was a significant interaction between participant group and neural response in the right superior frontal gyrus to highly versus minimally processed food cues (r = 0.57). Individuals with YFAS 2.0 food addiction exhibited modest, elevated responses in the superior frontal gyrus for highly processed food images and more robust, decreased activations for minimally processed food cues, whereas participants in the control group showed the opposite responses in this region. Across all participants, the household items elicited greater activation than the food cues in regions associated with interoceptive awareness and visuospatial attention (e.g., insula, inferior frontal gyrus, inferior parietal lobe). CONCLUSIONS Women with overweight or obesity and YFAS 2.0 food addiction, compared to those with only overweight or obesity, exhibited differential responses to highly and minimally processed food cues in a region previously associated with cue-induced craving in persons with a substance-use disorder. Overall, the present work provides further support for the utility of the food addiction phenotype within overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M Schulte
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, United States.
| | | | - Andrew Jahn
- Functional MRI Laboratory, University of Michigan, United States
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Transcranial direct current stimulation can be effective in reducing the craving for food, alcohol, and methamphetamine. Because its effects have not been tested on patients with opium use disorder, we investigated its efficacy when it is combined with a standard methadone maintenance therapy protocol. METHODS We carried out a pretest-posttest control group method to evaluate the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation at the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (right anodal/left cathodal) on opium craving, depression, and anxiety symptoms. We considered opium craving as a primary outcome as well as depression and anxiety symptoms as secondary outcomes. Sixty participants with opium use disorder were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n = 20 for each group): (1) an active transcranial direct current stimulation with methadone maintenance treatment (active tDCS group), (2) sham transcranial direct current stimulation with methadone maintenance treatment (sham tDCS group), and (3) only methadone maintenance treatment (methadone maintenance treatment group). All participants completed the Desire for Drug Questionnaire, Obsessive-Compulsive Drug Use Scale, Beck Depression Inventory II, and Beck Anxiety Inventory a week before and a week after the treatment. The outcomes were assessed by independent assessors who were blind to the treatment conditions. RESULTS The active tDCS group had a significant reduction in opium craving, depression, and anxiety symptoms compared with the other 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a preliminary support for using the transcranial direct current stimulation along with methadone maintenance therapy in the treatment of patients with opium use disorder.
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Yang S, Meng Y, Li J, Fan YS, Du L, Chen H, Liao W. Temporal dynamic changes of intrinsic brain activity in schizophrenia with cigarette smoking. Schizophr Res 2019; 210:66-72. [PMID: 31239219 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence from multimodal neuroimaging studies has supported a neurobiological basis for schizophrenia-nicotine dependence comorbidity. However, this evidence comes exclusively from studies measuring static intrinsic activity/connectivity of the brain, while the dynamic effects of this comorbidity remain poorly understood. The current study therefore sought to examine whether temporal dynamic intrinsic brain activity interacted with diagnosis (schizophrenics vs. healthy controls) and smoking status (smokers vs. non-smokers). We used a mixed sample design and included the following four groups: i) schizophrenic smokers (n = 22), ii) schizophrenic non-smokers (n = 27), iii) healthy control smokers (n = 22), and iv) healthy control non-smokers (n = 21). All subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during the resting state. The temporal variability in intrinsic brain activity among the four groups was compared using a novel dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (dALFF) method. A significant main effect of diagnosis was found in the left superior parietal gyrus (SPG; F(1, 88) = 142.1, P < 0.0001). Moreover, the dALFF strength in the SPG was positively correlated with disease duration in patients with schizophrenia (Rho(46) = 0.43, P = 0.002). In addition, a significant interaction between diagnosis and smoking status was observed in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC; F(1, 88) = 7.39, P = 0.008), which was consistent with the self-medication hypothesis. Together, this study has demonstrated for the first time that nicotine restores dynamic intrinsic brain activity in the left DLPFC in patients with schizophrenia. This interaction may be a clinical neuromarker for increased comorbid smoking in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Yang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China; School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China
| | - Yao Meng
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China; School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China
| | - Jiao Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China; School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China
| | - Yun-Shuang Fan
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China; School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China
| | - Lian Du
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Huafu Chen
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China; School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China
| | - Wei Liao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China; School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China.
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Gu X, FitzGerald THB, Friston KJ. Modeling subjective belief states in computational psychiatry: interoceptive inference as a candidate framework. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2405-2412. [PMID: 31230144 PMCID: PMC6697568 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05300-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The nascent field computational psychiatry has undergone exponential growth since its inception. To date, much of the published work has focused on choice behaviors, which are primarily modeled within a reinforcement learning framework. While this initial normative effort represents a milestone in psychiatry research, the reality is that many psychiatric disorders are defined by disturbances in subjective states (e.g., depression, anxiety) and associated beliefs (e.g., dysmorphophobia, paranoid ideation), which are not considered in normative models. In this paper, we present interoceptive inference as a candidate framework for modeling subjective-and associated belief-states in computational psychiatry. We first introduce the notion and significance of modeling subjective states in computational psychiatry. Next, we present the interoceptive inference framework, and in particular focus on the relationship between interoceptive inference (i.e., belief updating) and emotions. Lastly, we will use drug craving as an example of subjective states to demonstrate the feasibility of using interoceptive inference to model the psychopathology of subjective states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosi Gu
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC VISN 2) at the James J. Peter Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Thomas H B FitzGerald
- School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, England
- Max Planck-UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Russell Square House, London, WC1B 5EH, UK
| | - Karl J Friston
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, England
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Zerhouni O, Houben K, El Methni J, Rutte N, Werkman E, Wiers RW. I didn’t feel like drinking, but I guess why: Evaluative conditioning changes on explicit attitudes toward alcohol and healthy foods depends on contingency awareness. LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wang C, Zhang Y, Yan C, Sun M, Cheng J. The thalamo-cortical resting state functional connectivity and abstinence-induced craving in young smokers. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 12:1450-1456. [PMID: 29297152 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9809-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Craving is a significant predicator of smoking relapse. Thus, revealing the neural correlates of craving to smoke in young smokers is important to improve the success of quit attempts. The abstinence-induced craving to smoke has not been explored extensively, although previous studies had investigated the neural substrates of cue-induced craving. Especially, the critical roles of thalamus had been revealed in cigarettes smoking. However, the implication of thalamus resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) in abstinence-induced craving remains unclear. In the current study, by employing a within-subject design in 25 young smokers, both the left and right thalamus RSFC patterns differences were investigated between smoking abstinence condition and smoking satiety condition in young smokers. Moreover, a correlation analysis was employed to assess the relationship between these RSFC changes and abstinence-induced changes in subjective craving. We found young smokers in abstinence state showed reduced RSFC between the left thalamus and right dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) as well as the right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) compared with smoking satiety state. There were no significant different RSFC of right thalamus detected across the two sessions. Additionally, the left thalamus-right dlPFC RSFC changes were correlated with the changes in craving induced by 12-h abstinence (i.e., abstinence minus satiety). The present findings provides new evidence that abstinence-induced cravings to smoke are associated with abnormal thalamus RSFC and may shed new insights into the neural mechanism of abstinence-induced craving in young smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyan Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyu Yan
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengtian Sun
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Halcomb ME, Chumin EJ, Goñi J, Dzemidzic M, Yoder KK. Aberrations of anterior insular cortex functional connectivity in nontreatment-seeking alcoholics. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 284:21-28. [PMID: 30640144 PMCID: PMC6668713 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
An emergent literature suggests that resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) functional connectivity (FC) patterns are aberrant in alcohol use disorder (AUD) populations. The salience network (SAL) is an established set of brain regions prominent in salience attribution and valuation, and includes the anterior insular cortex (AIC). The SAL is thought to play a role in AUD through directing increased attention to interoceptive cues of intoxication. There is very little information on the salience network (SAL) in AUD, and, in particular, there are no data on SAL FC in currently drinking, nontreatment seeking individuals with AUD (NTS). rsfMRI data from 16 NTS and 21 social drinkers (SD) were compared using FC correlation maps from ten seed regions of interest in the bilateral AIC. As anticipated, SD subjects demonstrated greater insular FC with frontal and parietal regions. We also found that, compared to SD, NTS had higher insular FC with hippocampal and medial orbitofrontal regions. The apparent overactivity in brain networks involved in salience, learning, and behavioral control in NTS suggests possible mechanisms in the development and maintenance of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith E Halcomb
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana University Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Evgeny J Chumin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana University Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiananpolis, IN, USA; Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joaquín Goñi
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.; Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana University Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Karmen K Yoder
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana University Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiananpolis, IN, USA; Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Alghamdi F, Alhussien A, Alohali M, Alatawi A, Almusned T, Fecteau S, Habib SS, Bashir S. Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on the number of smoked cigarettes in tobacco smokers. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212312. [PMID: 30763404 PMCID: PMC6375608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies reported that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) reduced craving and cigarette smoking. We aimed to evaluate whether 3 sessions of tDCS over the DLPFC modulate cigarette smoking which is a critical factor in tobacco smokers. METHODS In a double-blinded, sham-controlled, parallel experimental study, 22 participants who wished to quit smoking received tDCS with the cathodal over the right DLPFC and anodal over the left DLPFC based on the 10-20 EEG international system (F4, F3) at an intensity of 1.5 mA for 20 minutes during three consecutive days. For sham stimulation, the electrodes placement was the same as for the active stimulation. RESULTS For the short time interval (8 days after the end of the tDCS regimen), the number of smoked cigarettes was reduced similarly in the active and sham groups (p < 0.001). Also, at the long time-interval (4 months after the end of the tDCS regimen) as compared to pre-tDCS, there was no significant difference in the number of smoked cigarettes in the active (p = 0.806) or the sham (p = 0.573) groups. Overall, there were no statistically significant differences between the active and sham tDCS groups on cigarette smoking. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that 3 sessions of tDCS over the right and left DLPFC may reduce number of smoked cigarettes for short-time period but might not be significantly more effective than sham to decrease cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Alghamdi
- Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alhussien
- Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshal Alohali
- Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Tariq Almusned
- Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Shirley Fecteau
- Laboratory of Canada Research Chair in Cognitive Neuroscience, CERVO Brain Research Center, Medical School, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Shahid Bashir
- Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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de Oliveira C, de Freitas JS, Macedo IC, Scarabelot VL, Ströher R, Santos DS, Souza A, Fregni F, Caumo W, Torres ILS. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) modulates biometric and inflammatory parameters and anxiety-like behavior in obese rats. Neuropeptides 2019; 73:1-10. [PMID: 30446297 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease associated with metabolic dysfunction and the prevention and treatment of obesity are often unsatisfactory. Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that has proven promising in the treatment of eating disorders such as obesity. We investigate the effects of tDCS on locomotor and exploratory activities, anxiety-like and feeding behavior, and levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), IL (interleukin)-10, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the cerebral cortex of obese rats. A total of 40 adult male Wistar rats were used in our study. Animals were divided into groups of three or four animals per cage and allocated to four treatment groups: standard diet plus sham tDCS treatment (SDS), standard diet plus tDCS treatment (SDT), hypercaloric diet plus sham tDCS treatment (HDS), hypercaloric diet plus tDCS treatment (HDT). After 40 days on a hypercaloric diet and/or standard diet were to assessed the locomotor and exploratory activity and anxiety-like behavior to by the open field (OF) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests respectively before and after exposure to tDCS treatment. The experimental groups were submitted to active or sham treatment tDCS during eight days. Palatable food consumption test (PFT) was performed 24 h after the last tDCS session under fasting and feeding conditions. Obese animals submitted to tDCS treatment showed a reduction in the Lee index, visceral adipose tissue weight, and food craving. In addition, bicephalic tDCS decreased the cerebral cortex levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in these animals. Exposure to a hypercaloric diet produced an anxiolytic effect, which was reversed by bicephalic tDCS treatment. These results suggest that, in accordance with studies in humans, bicephalic tDCS could modulate biometric and inflammatory parameters, as well as anxiety-like and feeding behavior, of rats subjected to the consumption of a hypercaloric diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies, Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Joice Soares de Freitas
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies, Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina Macedo
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies, Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Leal Scarabelot
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies, Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Roberta Ströher
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies, Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Daniela Silva Santos
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies, Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andressa Souza
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies, Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies, Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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48
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Zhornitsky S, Zhang S, Ide JS, Chao HH, Wang W, Le TM, Leeman RF, Bi J, Krystal JH, Li CSR. Alcohol Expectancy and Cerebral Responses to Cue-Elicited Craving in Adult Nondependent Drinkers. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2018; 4:493-504. [PMID: 30711509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive alcohol expectancy (AE) contributes to excessive drinking. Many imaging studies have examined cerebral responses to alcohol cues and how these regional processes related to problem drinking. However, it remains unclear how AE relates to cue response and whether AE mediates the relationship between cue response and problem drinking. METHODS A total of 61 nondependent drinkers were assessed with the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire and Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while exposed to alcohol and neutral cues. Imaging data were processed and analyzed with published routines, and mediation analyses were conducted to examine the interrelationships among global positive score of the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test score, and regional responses to alcohol versus neutral cues. RESULTS Alcohol as compared with neutral cues engaged the occipital, retrosplenial, and medial orbitofrontal cortex as well as the left caudate head and red nucleus. The bilateral thalamus showed a significant correlation in cue response and in left superior frontal cortical connectivity with global positive score in a linear regression. Mediation analyses showed that global positive score completely mediated the relationship between thalamic cue activity as well as superior frontal cortical connectivity and Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test score. The alternative models that AE contributed to problem drinking and, in turn, thalamic cue activity and connectivity were not supported. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest an important role of the thalamic responses to alcohol cues in contributing to AE and at-risk drinking in nondependent drinkers. AEs may reflect a top-down modulation of the thalamic processing of alcohol cues, influencing the pattern of alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Zhornitsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jaime S Ide
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Herta H Chao
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Wuyi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Thang M Le
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Robert F Leeman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Health Education & Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jinbo Bi
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut; Department of Community Medicine and Health Care, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
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49
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Gallucci A, Lucena PH, Martens G, Thibaut A, Fregni F. Transcranial direct current stimulation to prevent and treat surgery-induced opioid dependence: a systematic review. Pain Manag 2018; 9:93-106. [PMID: 30516441 DOI: 10.2217/pmt-2018-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid misuse leading to dependence is a major health issue. Recent studies explored valid alternatives to treat pain in postsurgical settings. This systematic review aims to discuss the role of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in preventing and treating postoperative pain and opioid dependence. PubMed and Embase databases were screened, considering studies testing tDCS effects on pain and opioid consumption in surgical settings and opioid addiction. Eight studies met our inclusion criteria. Results showed a reduction of postoperative pain, opioid consumption and cue-induced craving following cortical stimulation. Despite the limited number of studies, this review shows preliminary encouraging evidence regarding the analgesic role of tDCS. However, future studies are needed to further investigate the application of tDCS in postsurgical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Gallucci
- Neuromodulation Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Pedro H Lucena
- Neuromodulation Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA.,Department of Medice, Bahiana School of Medicine & Public Health, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Géraldine Martens
- Coma Science Group, GIGA Research & Neurology Department, University & University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Aurore Thibaut
- Neuromodulation Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA.,Coma Science Group, GIGA Research & Neurology Department, University & University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Neuromodulation Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
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50
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Fox AT, Catley D, Richter KP, Ellerbeck EF, Brucks MG, Papa VB, Martin LE. Functional brain activation changes associated with practice in delaying smoking among moderate to heavy smokers: study protocol and rationale of a randomized trial (COPE). Trials 2018; 19:623. [PMID: 30419931 PMCID: PMC6233265 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-2984-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most smokers struggle to overcome tobacco addiction. Neuroscientific models of addiction emphasize the importance of brain regions associated with cognitive control and reward to understand the cycle of addiction and relapse. During an attempt at abstinence, the cognitive control system appears to be underpowered to override the heightened reward system of the addicted brain. Thus, one neural target for treatment is to strengthen the cognitive control system. It may be possible to improve the functioning of the cognitive control system via deliberate practice. METHODS/DESIGN This study will determine the effects of practicing delaying smoking on brain and behavioral measures of cognitive control. Smoking patterns will be monitored for 1 week and then smokers (N = 80) will be randomized to either practice cognitive control by delaying their first cigarette of the day for 2 weeks (practice group) or they will continue monitoring only (no practice group). Functional magnetic resonance imaging will be performed while smokers regulate their responses to smoking images (i) at baseline and (ii) after 2 weeks of practice (or no practice). DISCUSSION The primary aim of this study will be to identify the impact of practicing cognitive control on functional brain activation changes in response to smoking cues. If successful, this project will establish a neurobiological biomarker for increasing cognitive control and demonstrate the feasibility of neuroimaging methods to predict the efficacy of an intervention without a large clinical trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03080844 . Registered March 15, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Fox
- Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 1052, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Delwyn Catley
- Center for Children’s Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Rd, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA
| | - Kimber P. Richter
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Edward F. Ellerbeck
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Morgan G. Brucks
- Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 1052, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Vlad B. Papa
- Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 1052, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Laura E. Martin
- Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 1052, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
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