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Zhang Z, Lei Z. The Alarming Situation of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in 2019-2023. Glob Med Genet 2024; 11:200-213. [PMID: 38947761 PMCID: PMC11213626 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1788039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have the potential to cause severe illness in wild birds, domestic poultry, and humans. The ongoing circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) has presented significant challenges to global poultry industry and public health in recent years. This study aimed to elucidate the circulation of HPAIVs during 2019 to 2023. Specifically, we assess the alarming global spread and continuous evolution of HPAIVs. Moreover, we discuss their transmission and prevention strategies to provide valuable references for future prevention and control measures against AIVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zhao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
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2
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Jia X, Crawford JC, Gebregzabher D, Monson EA, Mettelman RC, Wan Y, Ren Y, Chou J, Novak T, McQuilten HA, Clarke M, Bachem A, Foo IJ, Fritzlar S, Carrera Montoya J, Trenerry AM, Nie S, Leeming MG, Nguyen THO, Kedzierski L, Littler DR, Kueh A, Cardamone T, Wong CY, Hensen L, Cabug A, Laguna JG, Agrawal M, Flerlage T, Boyd DF, Van de Velde LA, Habel JR, Loh L, Koay HF, van de Sandt CE, Konstantinov IE, Berzins SP, Flanagan KL, Wakim LM, Herold MJ, Green AM, Smallwood HS, Rossjohn J, Thwaites RS, Chiu C, Scott NE, Mackenzie JM, Bedoui S, Reading PC, Londrigan SL, Helbig KJ, Randolph AG, Thomas PG, Xu J, Wang Z, Chua BY, Kedzierska K. High expression of oleoyl-ACP hydrolase underpins life-threatening respiratory viral diseases. Cell 2024; 187:4586-4604.e20. [PMID: 39137778 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory infections cause significant morbidity and mortality, yet it is unclear why some individuals succumb to severe disease. In patients hospitalized with avian A(H7N9) influenza, we investigated early drivers underpinning fatal disease. Transcriptomics strongly linked oleoyl-acyl-carrier-protein (ACP) hydrolase (OLAH), an enzyme mediating fatty acid production, with fatal A(H7N9) early after hospital admission, persisting until death. Recovered patients had low OLAH expression throughout hospitalization. High OLAH levels were also detected in patients hospitalized with life-threatening seasonal influenza, COVID-19, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) but not during mild disease. In olah-/- mice, lethal influenza infection led to survival and mild disease as well as reduced lung viral loads, tissue damage, infection-driven pulmonary cell infiltration, and inflammation. This was underpinned by differential lipid droplet dynamics as well as reduced viral replication and virus-induced inflammation in macrophages. Supplementation of oleic acid, the main product of OLAH, increased influenza replication in macrophages and their inflammatory potential. Our findings define how the expression of OLAH drives life-threatening viral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Jia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jeremy Chase Crawford
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Center for Infectious Diseases Research, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Deborah Gebregzabher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Ebony A Monson
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Robert C Mettelman
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yanmin Wan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Centre and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yanqin Ren
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Janet Chou
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tanya Novak
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hayley A McQuilten
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Michele Clarke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Annabell Bachem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Isabelle J Foo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Svenja Fritzlar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Julio Carrera Montoya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Alice M Trenerry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Shuai Nie
- Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Michael G Leeming
- Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Lukasz Kedzierski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Dene R Littler
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Andrew Kueh
- Walter Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Tina Cardamone
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Chinn Yi Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Luca Hensen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Aira Cabug
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jaime Gómez Laguna
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus "CeiA3", 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Mona Agrawal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Tim Flerlage
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - David F Boyd
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Lee-Ann Van de Velde
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jennifer R Habel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Liyen Loh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Hui-Fern Koay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Carolien E van de Sandt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Igor E Konstantinov
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Regenerative Medicine, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Stuart P Berzins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia
| | - Katie L Flanagan
- School of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia; School of Health and Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; Tasmanian Vaccine Trial Centre, Clifford Craig Foundation, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Linda M Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Marco J Herold
- Walter Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Amanda M Green
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Heather S Smallwood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ryan S Thwaites
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Christopher Chiu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nichollas E Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jason M Mackenzie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Sammy Bedoui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Patrick C Reading
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Sarah L Londrigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Karla J Helbig
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Adrienne G Randolph
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Influenza Disease and Emergence Response (CIDER), Athens, GA, USA
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Center for Infectious Diseases Research, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Center for Influenza Disease and Emergence Response (CIDER), Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Centre and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Zhongfang Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Brendon Y Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Center for Influenza Disease and Emergence Response (CIDER), Athens, GA, USA.
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3
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Lu C, Wang L, Barr I, Lambert S, Mengersen K, Yang W, Li Z, Si X, McClymont H, Haque S, Gan T, Vardoulakis S, Bambrick H, Hu W. Developing a Research Network of Early Warning Systems for Infectious Diseases Transmission Between China and Australia. China CDC Wkly 2024; 6:740-753. [PMID: 39114314 PMCID: PMC11301605 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2024.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This article offers a thorough review of current early warning systems (EWS) and advocates for establishing a unified research network for EWS in infectious diseases between China and Australia. We propose that future research should focus on improving infectious disease surveillance by integrating data from both countries to enhance predictive models and intervention strategies. The article highlights the need for standardized data formats and terminologies, improved surveillance capabilities, and the development of robust spatiotemporal predictive models. It concludes by examining the potential benefits and challenges of this collaborative approach and its implications for global infectious disease surveillance. This is particularly relevant to the ongoing project, early warning systems for Infectious Diseases between China and Australia (NetEWAC), which aims to use seasonal influenza as a case study to analyze influenza trends, peak activities, and potential inter-hemispheric transmission patterns. The project seeks to integrate data from both hemispheres to improve outbreak predictions and develop a spatiotemporal predictive modeling system for seasonal influenza transmission based on socio-environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Lu
- Ecosystem Change and Population Health Research Group, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Liping Wang
- Division of Infectious Disease, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forcasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ian Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL, Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Lambert
- Communicable Disease Branch, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Kerrie Mengersen
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Weizhong Yang
- School of Population Medicine & Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Science/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjie Li
- School of Population Medicine & Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Science/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohan Si
- Ecosystem Change and Population Health Research Group, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hannah McClymont
- Ecosystem Change and Population Health Research Group, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shovanur Haque
- Ecosystem Change and Population Health Research Group, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ting Gan
- Ecosystem Change and Population Health Research Group, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sotiris Vardoulakis
- HEAL Global Research Centre, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Hilary Bambrick
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Wenbiao Hu
- Ecosystem Change and Population Health Research Group, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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4
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Lee CY. Exploring Potential Intermediates in the Cross-Species Transmission of Influenza A Virus to Humans. Viruses 2024; 16:1129. [PMID: 39066291 PMCID: PMC11281536 DOI: 10.3390/v16071129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The influenza A virus (IAV) has been a major cause of several pandemics, underscoring the importance of elucidating its transmission dynamics. This review investigates potential intermediate hosts in the cross-species transmission of IAV to humans, focusing on the factors that facilitate zoonotic events. We evaluate the roles of various animal hosts, including pigs, galliformes, companion animals, minks, marine mammals, and other animals, in the spread of IAV to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Young Lee
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea;
- Untreatable Infectious Disease Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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5
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Zhang M, Liu M, Chen H, Qiu T, Jin X, Fu W, Teng Q, Zhao C, Xu J, Li Z, Zhang X. PB2 residue 473 contributes to the mammalian virulence of H7N9 avian influenza virus by modulating viral polymerase activity via ANP32A. J Virol 2024; 98:e0194423. [PMID: 38421166 PMCID: PMC10949425 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01944-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the first human infection reported in 2013, H7N9 avian influenza virus (AIV) has been regarded as a serious threat to human health. In this study, we sought to identify the virulence determinant of the H7N9 virus in mammalian hosts. By comparing the virulence of the SH/4664 H7N9 virus, a non-virulent H9N2 virus, and various H7N9-H9N2 hybrid viruses in infected mice, we first pinpointed PB2 as the primary viral factor accounting for the difference between H7N9 and H9N2 in mammalian virulence. We further analyzed the in vivo effects of individually mutating H7N9 PB2 residues different from the closely related H9N2 virus and consequently found residue 473, alongside the well-known residue 627, to be critical for the virulence of the H7N9 virus in mice and the activity of its reconstituted viral polymerase in mammalian cells. The importance of PB2-473 was further strengthened by studying reverse H7N9 substitutions in the H9N2 background. Finally, we surprisingly found that species-specific usage of ANP32A, a family member of host factors connecting with the PB2-627 polymorphism, mediates the contribution of PB2 473 residue to the mammalian adaption of AIV polymerase, as the attenuating effect of PB2 M473T on the viral polymerase activity and viral growth of the H7N9 virus could be efficiently complemented by co-expression of chicken ANP32A but not mouse ANP32A and ANP32B. Together, our studies uncovered the PB2 473 residue as a novel viral host range determinant of AIVs via species-specific co-opting of the ANP32 host factor to support viral polymerase activity.IMPORTANCEThe H7N9 avian influenza virus has been considered to have the potential to cause the next pandemic since the first case of human infection reported in 2013. In this study, we identified PB2 residue 473 as a new determinant of mouse virulence and mammalian adaptation of the viral polymerase of the H7N9 virus and its non-pathogenic H9N2 counterparts. We further demonstrated that the variation in PB2-473 is functionally linked to differential co-opting of the host ANP32A protein in supporting viral polymerase activity, which is analogous to the well-known PB2-627 polymorphism, albeit the two PB2 positions are spatially distant. By providing new mechanistic insight into the PB2-mediated host range determination of influenza A viruses, our study implicated the potential existence of multiple PB2-ANP32 interfaces that could be targets for developing new antivirals against the H7N9 virus as well as other mammalian-adapted influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingbin Liu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjun Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Qiu
- Zhongshan Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanxuan Jin
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weihui Fu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoyang Teng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Zhongshan Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zejun Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Zhongshan Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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6
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Hook JL, Bhattacharya J. The pathogenesis of influenza in intact alveoli: virion endocytosis and its effects on the lung's air-blood barrier. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1328453. [PMID: 38343548 PMCID: PMC10853445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1328453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung infection by influenza A virus (IAV) is a major cause of global mortality from lung injury, a disease defined by widespread dysfunction of the lung's air-blood barrier. Endocytosis of IAV virions by the alveolar epithelium - the cells that determine barrier function - is central to barrier loss mechanisms. Here, we address the current understanding of the mechanistic steps that lead to endocytosis in the alveolar epithelium, with an eye to how the unique structure of lung alveoli shapes endocytic mechanisms. We highlight where future studies of alveolar interactions with IAV virions may lead to new therapeutic approaches for IAV-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime L. Hook
- Lung Imaging Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jahar Bhattacharya
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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7
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Jackson LA, Stapleton JT, Walter EB, Chen WH, Rouphael NG, Anderson EJ, Neuzil KM, Winokur PL, Smith MJ, Schmader KE, Swamy GK, Thompson AB, Mulligan MJ, Rostad CA, Cross K, Tsong R, Wegel A, Roberts PC. Immunogenicity and safety of varying dosages of a fifth-wave influenza A/H7N9 inactivated vaccine given with and without AS03 adjuvant in healthy adults. Vaccine 2024; 42:295-309. [PMID: 38105137 PMCID: PMC10790638 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human infections with the avian influenza A(H7N9) virus were first reported in China in 2013 and continued to occur in annual waves. In the 2016/2017 fifth wave, Yangtze River Delta (YRD) lineage viruses, which differed antigenically from those of earlier waves, predominated. METHODS In this phase 2 double-blinded trial we randomized 720 adults ≥ 19 years of age to receive two injections of a YRD lineage inactivated A/Hong Kong/125/2017 fifth-wave H7N9 vaccine, given 21 days apart, at doses of 3.75, 7.5, and 15 µg of hemagglutinin (HA) with AS03A adjuvant and at doses of 15 and 45 µg of HA without adjuvant. RESULTS Two doses of adjuvanted vaccine were required to induce HA inhibition (HI) antibody titers ≥ 40 in most participants. After two doses of the 15 µg H7N9 formulation, given with or without AS03 adjuvant, the proportion achieving a HI titer ≥ 40 against the vaccine strain at 21 days after the second vaccination was 65 % (95 % CI, 57 %-73 %) and 0 % (95 % CI, 0 %-4%), respectively. Among those who received two doses of the 15 µg adjuvanted formulation the proportion with HI titer ≥ 40 at 21 days after the second vaccination was 76 % (95 % CI, 66 %-84 %) in those 19-64 years of age and 49 % (95 % CI, 37 %-62 %) in those ≥ 65 years of age. Responses to the adjuvanted vaccine formulations did not vary by HA content. Antibody responses declined over time and responses against drifted H7N9 strains were diminished. Overall, the vaccines were well tolerated but, as expected, adjuvanted vaccines were associated with more frequent solicited systemic and local adverse events. CONCLUSIONS AS03 adjuvant improved the immune responses to an inactivated fifth-wave H7N9 influenza vaccine, particularly in younger adults, but invoked lower responses to drifted H7N9 strains. These findings may inform future influenza pandemic preparedness strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Jackson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Jack T Stapleton
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Emmanuel B Walter
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wilbur H Chen
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nadine G Rouphael
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Evan J Anderson
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kathleen M Neuzil
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patricia L Winokur
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael J Smith
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth E Schmader
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine and GRECC, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Geeta K Swamy
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Amelia B Thompson
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mark J Mulligan
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christina A Rostad
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Paul C Roberts
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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Shao Q, Li Y, Fu F, Zhu P, Wang H, Wang Z, Ma J, Yan Y, Cheng Y, Sun J. Identification of pigeon mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) and its role in antiviral innate immunity. Arch Virol 2024; 169:26. [PMID: 38214770 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05920-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Pigeons can be infected with various RNA viruses, and their innate immune system responds to viral infection to establish an antiviral response. Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), an important adaptor protein in signal transduction, plays a pivotal role in amplifying the innate immune response. In this study, we successfully cloned pigeon MAVS (piMAVS) and performed a bioinformatics analysis. The results showed that the caspase recruitment domain (CARD) and transmembrane (TM) domain are highly conserved in poultry and mammals but poorly conserved in other species. Furthermore, we observed that MAVS expression is upregulated both in pigeons and pigeon embryonic fibroblasts (PEFs) upon RNA virus infection. Overexpression of MAVS resulted in increased levels of β-interferon (IFN-β), IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), and interleukin (ILs) mRNA and inhibited Newcastle disease virus (NDV) replication. We also found that piMAVS and human MAVS (huMAVS) induced stronger expression of IFN-β and ISGs when compared to chicken MAVS (chMAVS), and this phenomenon was also reflected in the degree of inhibition of NDV replication. Our findings demonstrate that piMAVS plays an important role in repressing viral replication by regulating the activation of the IFN signal pathway in pigeons. This study not only sheds light on the function of piMAVS in innate immunity but also contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the innate immunity system in poultry. Our data also provide unique insights into the differences in innate immunity between poultry and mammal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawen Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyu Fu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Zhu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengan Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaofei Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjiao Ma
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxian Yan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiang Cheng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianhe Sun
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Yang L, Fan M, Wang Y, Sun X, Zhu H. Effect of avian influenza scare on transmission of zoonotic avian influenza: A case study of influenza A (H7N9). Math Biosci 2024; 367:109125. [PMID: 38072124 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2023.109125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Avian influenza scare is a human psychological factor that asserts both positive and negative effects on the transmission of zoonotic avian influenza. In order to study the dichotomous effect of avian influenza scare on disease transmission, taking H7N9 avian influenza as a typical case, a two-patch epidemic model is proposed. The global dynamics and the threshold criteria are established by LaSalle invariant principle and the theory of asymptotic autonomous system. To mitigate the negative effects and curb illegal poultry trade, a game-theoretic model is adopted to explore the optimal policy of culling subsidies to reasonably compensate stakeholders for their economic losses resulting from the scare. The optimal policy of culling subsidy is found to heavily depend on the penalty of illegal poultry trade, the stakeholders' income, the intensity of control measures, and the prevalence level of the disease. The negative effect of avian influenza scare on disease transmission is considerably more significant than the positive effect. In order to avoid a widespread outbreak of zoonotic avian influenza across the region, a comprehensive national global control strategy is essential and effective, even in the presence of the negative effect of the avian influenza scare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, PR China; China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, 266032, PR China
| | - Meng Fan
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, PR China.
| | - Youming Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, 266032, PR China
| | - Xiangdong Sun
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, 266032, PR China
| | - Huaiping Zhu
- LAMPS, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York university, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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10
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Brüssow H. Avian influenza virus cross-infections as test case for pandemic preparedness: From epidemiological hazard models to sequence-based early viral warning systems. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14389. [PMID: 38227348 PMCID: PMC10832514 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Pandemic preparedness starts with an early warning system of viruses with a pandemic potential. Based on information collected in a multitude of surveys, hazard models were developed identifying influenza viruses presenting a pandemic threat. Scores are attributed for 10 viral traits by expert panels which identified avian influenza viruses (AIV) belonging to subtypes H7N9 and H5N1 as representing the greatest pandemic risk. In 2013, more than 100 human cases infected with AIV H7N9 were observed in China. Case fatality rate (CFR) was high (27%), but the human-to-human transmission rate was low and by serological evidence H7N9 did not spread widely. Nevertheless, until 2019 more than 1500 H7N9 patients were identified characterized by a high CFR of 39%. Serology demonstrated that mild infections with H7N9 were widespread. In 2003, more than 400 people experienced AIV H7N7 cross-infection causing mainly conjunctivitis during a large poultry epidemic in The Netherlands. Between 1996 and 2019, a total of 881 human infections with avian H5N1 viruses were documented showing a CFR of 52%. Outbreaks were centred on South East Asia and showed close associations with epizootics in poultry. Mutations predisposing to human cross-infections were identified in the haemagglutinin (HA) and the RNA polymerase subunit PB2 of human H7N9 isolates. Human H5N1 isolates showed mutations in the receptor binding domain of HA and transmission in mammals could be obtained by as few as four additional aa changes introduced experimentally. Researchers have defined viral point mutations in HA, PB2 and the nucleoprotein NP that allowed AIV to cross the species barrier to mammals with respect to receptor recognition, RNA replication and escape from innate immunity respectively. Based on this insight a sequence-based early warning system for AIV preadapted to human transmission could be envisioned. Mink farms and live poultry markets are prime targets for such sequencing efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Brüssow
- Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of BiosystemsKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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11
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Wang P, Huang J. A data-driven framework to assess population dynamics during novel coronavirus outbreaks: A case study on Xiamen Island, China. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293803. [PMID: 37948384 PMCID: PMC10637684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has profoundly influenced daily life, necessitating the understanding of the relationship between the epidemic's progression and population dynamics. In this study, we present a data-driven framework that integrates GIS-based data mining technology and a Susceptible, Exposed, Infected and Recovered (SEIR) model. This approach helps delineate population dynamics at the grid and community scales and analyze the impacts of government policies, urban functional areas, and intercity flows on population dynamics during the pandemic. Xiamen Island was selected as a case study to validate the effectiveness of the data-driven framework. The results of the high/low cluster analysis provide 99% certainty (P < 0.01) that the population distribution between January 23 and March 16, 2020, was not random, a phenomenon referred to as high-value clustering. The SEIR model predicts that a ten-day delay in implementing a lockdown policy during an epidemic can lead to a significant increase in the number of individuals infected by the virus. Throughout the epidemic prevention and control period (January 23 to February 21, 2020), residential and transportation areas housed more residents. After the resumption of regular activities, the population was mainly concentrated in residential, industrial, and transportation, as well as road facility areas. Notably, the migration patterns into and out of Xiamen were primarily centered on neighboring cities both before and after the outbreak. However, migration indices from cities outside the affected province drastically decreased and approached zero following the COVID-19 outbreak. Our findings offer new insights into the interplay between the epidemic's development and population dynamics, which enhances the prevention and control of the coronavirus epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinliang Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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12
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Duan C, Li C, Ren R, Bai W, Zhou L. An overview of avian influenza surveillance strategies and modes. SCIENCE IN ONE HEALTH 2023; 2:100043. [PMID: 39077039 PMCID: PMC11262264 DOI: 10.1016/j.soh.2023.100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The global epidemic of avian influenza has imposed a substantial disease burden, inciting substantial societal panic and economic losses. The high variability and associated uncertainty of the influenza virus present significant challenges in its prevention and control. As a pivotal strategy for the mitigation of avian influenza, the surveillance network has shown considerable growth at both global and regional levels. This includes the expansion of surveillance coverage, continuous refinement of monitoring content and scope, and rapid enhancement of monitoring quality. Although the ultimate goal of avian influenza surveillance remains uniform, strategies and models vary, reflecting regional or national differences in surveillance system frameworks and their implementation. This review collates and examines the features and experiences of global, regional, and national avian influenza surveillance efforts. Furthermore, it delves into the surveillance system modalities in light of the "One Health" concept, which includes the establishment and enhancement of interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral coordination and cooperation among medical, veterinary, and public health institutions, and the sharing of surveillance information for timely alerts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlin Duan
- Changsha Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
- Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Li
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiqi Ren
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqing Bai
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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13
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Shao Q, Fu F, Zhu P, Yu X, Wang J, Wang Z, Ma J, Wang H, Yan Y, Cheng Y, Sun J. Pigeon MDA5 inhibits viral replication by triggering antiviral innate immunity. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102954. [PMID: 37556982 PMCID: PMC10433235 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigeons are considered less susceptible, and display few or no clinical signs to infection with avian influenza virus (AIV). Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), an important mediator in innate immunity, has been linked to the virus resistance. In this study, the pigeon MDA5 (piMDA5) was cloned. The bioinformatics analysis showed that the C-terminal domain (CTD) of MDA5 is highly conserved among species while the N-terminal caspase recruitment domain (CARD) is variable. Upon infection with Newcastle diseases virus (NDV) and AIV, piMDA5 was upregulated in both pigeons and pigeon embryonic fibroblasts (PEFs). Further study found that overexpression of piMDA5 mediated the activation of interferons (IFNs) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) while inhibiting NDV replication. Conversely, the knockdown of piMDA5 promoted NDV replication. Additionally, CARD was found to be essential for the activation of IFN-β by piMDA5. Furthermore, pigeon MDA5, chicken MDA5, and human MDA5 differ in inhibiting viral replication and inducing ISGs expression. These findings suggest that MDA5 contributes to suppressing viral replication by activating the IFN signal pathway in pigeons. This study provides valuable insight into the role of MDA5 in pigeons and a better understanding of the conserved role of MDA5 in innate immunity during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feiyu Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyu Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaofei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjiao Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hengan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaxian Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqiang Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhe Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Ivachtchenko AV, Ivashchenko AA, Shkil DO, Ivashchenko IA. Aprotinin-Drug against Respiratory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11173. [PMID: 37446350 PMCID: PMC10342444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aprotinin (APR) was discovered in 1930. APR is an effective pan-protease inhibitor, a typical "magic shotgun". Until 2007, APR was widely used as an antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory drug in cardiac and noncardiac surgeries for reduction of bleeding and thus limiting the need for blood transfusion. The ability of APR to inhibit proteolytic activation of some viruses leads to its use as an antiviral drug for the prevention and treatment of acute respiratory virus infections. However, due to incompetent interpretation of several clinical trials followed by incredible controversy in the literature, the usage of APR was nearly stopped for a decade worldwide. In 2015-2020, after re-analysis of these clinical trials' data the restrictions in APR usage were lifted worldwide. This review discusses antiviral mechanisms of APR action and summarizes current knowledge and prospective regarding the use of APR treatment for diseases caused by RNA-containing viruses, including influenza and SARS-CoV-2 viruses, or as a part of combination antiviral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre V. Ivachtchenko
- ChemDiv Inc., San Diego, CA 92130, USA; (A.A.I.); (I.A.I.)
- ASAVI LLC, 1835 East Hallandale Blvd #442, Hallandale Beach, FL 33009, USA;
| | | | - Dmitrii O. Shkil
- ASAVI LLC, 1835 East Hallandale Blvd #442, Hallandale Beach, FL 33009, USA;
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15
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Zhao N, Wang S, Wang L, Shi Y, Jiang Y, Tseng TJ, Liu S, Chan TC, Zhang Z. Epidemiological features and trends in the mortality rates of 10 notifiable respiratory infectious diseases in China from 2004 to 2020: Based on national surveillance. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1102747. [PMID: 36875408 PMCID: PMC9982089 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1102747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study is to describe, visualize, and compare the trends and epidemiological features of the mortality rates of 10 notifiable respiratory infectious diseases in China from 2004 to 2020. Setting Data were obtained from the database of the National Infectious Disease Surveillance System (NIDSS) and reports released by the National and local Health Commissions from 2004 to 2020. Spearman correlations and Joinpoint regression models were used to quantify the temporal trends of RIDs by calculating annual percentage changes (APCs) in the rates of mortality. Results The overall mortality rate of RIDs was stable across China from 2004 to 2020 (R = -0.38, P = 0.13), with an APC per year of -2.2% (95% CI: -4.6 to 0.3; P = 0.1000). However, the overall mortality rate of 10 RIDs in 2020 decreased by 31.80% (P = 0.006) compared to the previous 5 years before the COVID-19 pandemic. The highest mortality occurred in northwestern, western, and northern China. Tuberculosis was the leading cause of RID mortality, and mortality from tuberculosis was relatively stable throughout the 17 years (R = -0.36, P = 0.16), with an APC of -1.9% (95% CI -4.1 to 0.4, P = 0.1000). Seasonal influenza was the only disease for which mortality significantly increased (R = 0.73, P = 0.00089), with an APC of 29.70% (95% CI 16.60-44.40%; P = 0.0000). The highest yearly case fatality ratios (CFR) belong to avian influenza A H5N1 [687.5 per 1,000 (33/48)] and epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis [90.5748 per 1,000 (1,010/11,151)]. The age-specific CFR of 10 RIDs was highest among people over 85 years old [13.6551 per 1,000 (2,353/172,316)] and was lowest among children younger than 10 years, particularly in 5-year-old children [0.0552 per 1,000 (58/1,051,178)]. Conclusions The mortality rates of 10 RIDs were relatively stable from 2004 to 2020 with significant differences among Chinese provinces and age groups. There was an increased mortality trend for seasonal influenza and concerted efforts are needed to reduce the mortality rate of seasonal influenza in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Supen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingying Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yixin Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Tzu-Jung Tseng
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shelan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ta-Chien Chan
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhiruo Zhang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Chen LL, Weng H, Li HY, Wang XH. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation in Patients with Viral Pneumonia-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: An Observational Retrospective Study. Int J Clin Pract 2023; 2023:1819087. [PMID: 36793926 PMCID: PMC9908335 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1819087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Appropriate mechanical ventilation may change the prognosis of patients with viral pneumonia-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This study aimed to identify the factors associated with the success of noninvasive ventilation in the management of patients with ARDS secondary to respiratory viral infection. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, all patients with viral pneumonia-associated ARDS were divided into the noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) success group and the NIV failure group. The demographic and clinical data of all patients were collected. The factors associated with the success of noninvasive ventilation were identified by the logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Among this cohort, 24 patients with an average age of 57.9 ± 17.0 years received successful NIVs, and NIV failure occurred in 21 patients with an average age of 54.1 ± 14.0 years. The independent influencing factors for the success of the NIV were the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score (odds ratio (OR): 1.83, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10-3.03) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (OR: 1.011, 95% CI: 1.00-1.02). When the oxygenation index (OI) is <95 mmHg, APACHE II > 19, and LDH > 498 U/L, the sensitivity and specificity of predicting a failed NIV were (66.6% (95% CI: 43.0%-85.4%) and 87.5% (95% CI: 67.6%-97.3%)); (85.7% (95% CI: 63.7%-97.0%) and 79.1% (95% CI: 57.8%-92.9%)); (90.4% (95% CI: 69.6%-98.8%) and 62.5% (95% CI: 40.6%-81.2%)), respectively. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the OI, APACHE II scores, and LDH were 0.85, which was lower than the AUC of the OI combined with LDH and the APACHE II score (OLA) of 0.97 (P=0.0247). CONCLUSIONS Overall, patients with viral pneumonia-associated ARDS receiving successful NIV have lower mortality rates than those for whom NIV failed. In patients with influenza A-associated ARDS, the OI may not be the only indicator of whether NIV can be used; a new indicator of NIV success may be the OLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-lu Chen
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, People' Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350009, China
| | - Heng Weng
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, People' Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350009, China
| | - Hong-yan Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People' Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350009, China
| | - Xin-hang Wang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Fuzhou Pulmonary Hospital of Fujian, Fuzhou 350008, China
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17
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Feng J, Guo Z, Ai L, Liu J, Zhang X, Cao C, Xu J, Xia S, Zhou XN, Chen J, Li S. Establishment of an indicator framework for global One Health Intrinsic Drivers index based on the grounded theory and fuzzy analytical hierarchy-entropy weight method. Infect Dis Poverty 2022; 11:121. [PMID: 36482389 PMCID: PMC9733012 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-022-01042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One Health has become a global consensus to deal with complex health problems. However, the progress of One Health implementation in many countries is still relatively slow, and there is a lack of systematic evaluation index. The purpose of this study was to establish an indicator framework for global One Health Intrinsic Drivers index (GOH-IDI) to evaluate human, animal and environmental health development process globally. METHOD First, 82 studies were deeply analyzed by a grounded theory (GT) method, including open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, to establish a three-level indicator framework, which was composed of three selective codes, 19 axial codes, and 79 open codes. Then, through semi-structured interviews with 28 health-related experts, the indicators were further integrated and simplified according to the inclusion criteria of the indicators. Finally, the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process combined with the entropy weight method was used to assign weights to the indicators, thus, forming the evaluation indicator framework of human, animal and environmental health development process. RESULTS An indicator framework for GOH-IDI was formed consisting of three selective codes, 15 axial codes and 61 open codes. There were six axial codes for "Human Health", of which "Infectious Diseases" had the highest weight (19.76%) and "Injuries and Violence" had the lowest weight (11.72%). There were four axial codes for "Animal Health", of which "Animal Epidemic Disease" had the highest weight (39.28%) and "Animal Nutritional Status" had the lowest weight (11.59%). Five axial codes were set under "Environmental Health", among which, "Air Quality and Climate Change" had the highest weight (22.63%) and "Hazardous Chemicals" had the lowest weight (17.82%). CONCLUSIONS An indicator framework for GOH-IDI was established in this study. The framework were universal, balanced, and scientific, which hopefully to be a tool for evaluation of the joint development of human, animal and environmental health in different regions globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Feng
- grid.508378.1National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Zhaoyu Guo
- grid.508378.1National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Lin Ai
- grid.508378.1National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Jingshu Liu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Chunli Cao
- grid.508378.1National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Jing Xu
- grid.508378.1National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Shang Xia
- grid.508378.1National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- grid.508378.1National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Jin Chen
- grid.508378.1National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Shizhu Li
- grid.508378.1National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
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18
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Wang J, Sun Y, Liu S. Emerging antiviral therapies and drugs for the treatment of influenza. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2022; 27:389-403. [PMID: 36396398 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2022.2149734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Both vaccines and antiviral drugs represent the mainstay for preventing and treating influenza. However, approved M2 ion channel inhibitors, neuraminidase inhibitors, polymerase inhibitors, and various vaccines cannot meet therapeutic needs because of viral resistance. Thus, the discovery of new targets for the virus or host and the development of more effective inhibitors are essential to protect humans from the influenza virus. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the latest progress in vaccines and antiviral drug research to prevent and treat influenza, providing the foothold for developing novel antiviral inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION Vaccines embody the most effective approach to preventing influenza virus infection, and recombinant protein vaccines show promising prospects in developing next-generation vaccines. Compounds targeting the viral components of RNA polymerase, hemagglutinin and nucleoprotein, and the modification of trusted neuraminidase inhibitors are future research directions for anti-influenza virus drugs. In addition, some host factors affect the replication of virus in vivo, which can be used to develop antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Yihang Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Guangdong China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Southern Medical University, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou Guangdong China
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19
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Xu P, Yang Z, Du S, Hong Z, Zhong S. Intestinal microbiota analysis and network pharmacology reveal the mechanism by which Lianhua Qingwen capsule improves the immune function of mice infected with influenza A virus. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1035941. [PMID: 36504796 PMCID: PMC9732014 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1035941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Lianhua Qingwen capsule (LHQW) can attenuate lung injury caused by influenza virus infection. However, it is unclear whether the intestinal microbiota plays a role in LHQW activity in ameliorating viral infectious pneumonia. This study aimed to investigate the role of intestinal microbiota in LHQW activity in ameliorating viral infectious pneumonia and its possible mechanisms. Research design and methods A mouse model of influenza A viral pneumonia was established by intranasal administration in BALB/c mice. Detection of influenza virus in the lungs, pathological examination of the lungs and small intestine, and biochemical detection of inflammatory indices were performed. The effects of LHQW on intestinal microbiota were evaluated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The key components and targets of LHQW were screened via network pharmacology and verified through molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and free binding energy calculations. Results Body weight decreased, inflammatory factor levels were disturbed, and the lung and intestinal mucosal barriers were significantly injured in the infected group. The alpha diversity of the intestinal microbiota decreased, and the abundance of Bacteroidetes, Muribaculaceae_unclassified, and Streptococcus decreased significantly. LHQW treatment reduced the viral load in the lungs, rescued body weight and survival, alleviated lung and intestinal mucosal barrier injury, reversed the reduction in the intestinal microbiota alpha diversity, and significantly increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Muribaculaceae. Network pharmacological analysis showed that six active herbal medicinal compounds from LHQW could regulate the intestinal microbiota and inhibit the immune-inflammatory response through the Toll-like receptor (TLR) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling pathways in the lungs. Conclusion These results suggest that LHQW is effective for treating influenza A virus infectious pneumonia, and the mechanism is associated with the regulation of the TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway in the lungs by restoring intestinal microbiota and repairing the intestinal wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhu Yang
- Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | | | - Zongyuan Hong
- Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China,*Correspondence: Zongyuan Hong,
| | - Shuzhi Zhong
- Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China,Shuzhi Zhong,
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20
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Bai T, Chen Y, Beck S, Stanelle-Bertram S, Mounogou NK, Chen T, Dong J, Schneider B, Jia T, Yang J, Wang L, Meinhardt A, Zapf A, Kreienbrock L, Wang D, Shu Y, Gabriel G. H7N9 avian influenza virus infection in men is associated with testosterone depletion. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6936. [PMID: 36376288 PMCID: PMC9662777 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34500-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human infections with H7N9 avian influenza A virus that emerged in East China in 2013 and caused high morbidity rates were more frequently detected in men than in women over the last five epidemic waves. However, molecular markers associated with poor disease outcomes in men are still unknown. In this study, we systematically analysed sex hormone and cytokine levels in males and females with laboratory-confirmed H7N9 influenza in comparison to H7N9-negative control groups as well as laboratory-confirmed seasonal H1N1/H3N2 influenza cases (n = 369). Multivariable analyses reveal that H7N9-infected men present with considerably reduced testosterone levels associated with a poor outcome compared to non-infected controls. Regression analyses reveal that testosterone levels in H7N9-infected men are negatively associated with the levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-15. To assess whether there is a causal relationship between low testosterone levels and avian H7N9 influenza infection, we used a mouse model. In male mice, we show that respiratory H7N9 infection leads to a high viral load and inflammatory cytokine response in the testes as well as a reduction in pre-infection plasma testosterone levels. Collectively, these findings suggest that monitoring sex hormone levels may support individualized management for patients with avian influenza infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Bai
- Viral Zoonoses-One Health, Leibniz Institute for Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany ,grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206 P.R. China
| | - Yongkun Chen
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, 510275 P.R. China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107 P.R. China
| | - Sebastian Beck
- Viral Zoonoses-One Health, Leibniz Institute for Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Tao Chen
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206 P.R. China
| | - Jie Dong
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206 P.R. China
| | - Bettina Schneider
- grid.412970.90000 0001 0126 6191Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tingting Jia
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, 510275 P.R. China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107 P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206 P.R. China
| | - Lijie Wang
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206 P.R. China
| | - Andreas Meinhardt
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig University of Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Antonia Zapf
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Institute for Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lothar Kreienbrock
- grid.412970.90000 0001 0126 6191Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dayan Wang
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206 P.R. China
| | - Yuelong Shu
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206 P.R. China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, 510275 P.R. China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107 P.R. China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gülsah Gabriel
- Viral Zoonoses-One Health, Leibniz Institute for Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany ,grid.412970.90000 0001 0126 6191Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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21
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Bao P, Liu Y, Zhang X, Fan H, Zhao J, Mu M, Li H, Wang Y, Ge H, Li S, Yang X, Cui Q, Chen R, Gao L, Sun Z, Gao L, Qiu S, Liu X, Horby PW, Li X, Fang L, Liu W. Human infection with a reassortment avian influenza A H3N8 virus: an epidemiological investigation study. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6817. [PMID: 36357398 PMCID: PMC9649012 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A four-year-old boy developed recurrent fever and severe pneumonia in April, 2022. High-throughput sequencing revealed a reassortant avian influenza A-H3N8 virus (A/Henan/ZMD-22-2/2022(H3N8) with avian-origin HA and NA genes. The six internal genes were acquired from Eurasian lineage H9N2 viruses. Molecular substitutions analysis revealed the haemagglutin retained avian-like receptor binding specificity but that PB2 genes possessed sequence changes (E627K) associated with increased virulence and transmissibility in mammalian animal models. The patient developed respiratory failure, liver, renal, coagulation dysfunction and sepsis. Endotracheal intubation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were administered. H3N8 RNA was detected from nasopharyngeal swab of a dog, anal swab of a cat, and environmental samples collected in the patient's house. The full-length HA sequences from the dog and cat were identical to the sequence from the patient. No influenza-like illness was developed and no H3N8 RNA was identified in family members. Serological testing revealed neutralizing antibody response against ZMD-22-2 virus in the patient and three family members. Our results suggest that a triple reassortant H3N8 caused severe human disease. There is some evidence of mammalian adaptation, possible via an intermediary mammalian species, but no evidence of person-to-person transmission. The potential threat from avian influenza viruses warrants continuous evaluation and mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Bao
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894The Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091 China
| | - Yang Liu
- grid.452891.3Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, 463000 China
| | - Xiaoai Zhang
- grid.410740.60000 0004 1803 4911State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071 China
| | - Hang Fan
- grid.410740.60000 0004 1803 4911State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071 China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Zhumadian Second People’s Hospital, Zhumadian, 463000 China
| | - Mi Mu
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894The Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091 China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Shangcai Caizhou Hospital, Shangcai County, Zhumadian, 463800 China
| | - Yanhe Wang
- grid.410740.60000 0004 1803 4911State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071 China
| | - Honghan Ge
- grid.410740.60000 0004 1803 4911State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071 China
| | - Shuang Li
- grid.410740.60000 0004 1803 4911State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071 China
| | - Xin Yang
- grid.410740.60000 0004 1803 4911State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071 China
| | - Qianqian Cui
- grid.410749.f0000 0004 0577 6238Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, China
| | - Rui Chen
- grid.452891.3Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, 463000 China
| | - Liang Gao
- grid.452891.3Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, 463000 China
| | - Zhihua Sun
- grid.452891.3Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, 463000 China
| | - Lizhen Gao
- grid.452891.3Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, 463000 China
| | - Shuang Qiu
- grid.452891.3Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, 463000 China
| | - Xuchun Liu
- grid.452891.3Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, 463000 China
| | - Peter W. Horby
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xiubin Li
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894The Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091 China ,grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Liqun Fang
- grid.410740.60000 0004 1803 4911State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071 China
| | - Wei Liu
- grid.410740.60000 0004 1803 4911State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071 China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China
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22
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Kaur S, Jana A, Karmakar S, Varshney RK, Chowdhury DR. Resonant toroidal metasurface as a platform for thin-film and biomaterial sensing. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:9020-9027. [PMID: 36607031 DOI: 10.1364/ao.469615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Toroidal resonances with weak free-space coupling have recently garnered significant research attraction toward the realization of advanced photonic devices. As a natural consequence of weak free-space coupling, toroidal resonances generally possess a high quality factor with low radiative losses. Because of these backgrounds, we have experimentally studied thin-film sensing utilizing toroidal resonance in a subwavelength planar metasurface, whose unit cell consists of near-field coupled asymmetric dual gap split-ring resonators (ASRRs). These ASRRs are placed in a mirrored configuration within the unit cell. The near-field coupled ASRRs support circulating surface currents in both resonators with opposite phases, resulting in excitation of the toroidal mode. In such a way, excited toroidal resonance can support strong light-matter interactions with external materials (analytes to be detected) placed on top of the metasurface. Further, our study reveals a sensitivity of 30 GHz/RIU while sensing AZ4533 photoresist film utilizing the toroidal mode. Such detection of thin films can be highly beneficial for the development of sensing devices for various biomolecules and dielectric materials that can be spin coated or drop casted on metasurfaces. Hence, the toroidal mode is further theoretically explored towards the detection of avian influenza virus subtypes, namely, H5N2 and H9N2. Our study reveals 6 and 9 GHz of frequency redshifts for H5N2 and H9N2, respectively, in comparison to the bare sample. Therefore, this work shows that toroidal metasurfaces can be a useful platform to sense thin films of various materials including biomaterials.
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23
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James J, Meyer SM, Hong HA, Dang C, Linh HTY, Ferreira W, Katsande PM, Vo L, Hynes D, Love W, Banyard AC, Cutting SM. Intranasal Treatment of Ferrets with Inert Bacterial Spores Reduces Disease Caused by a Challenging H7N9 Avian Influenza Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091559. [PMID: 36146637 PMCID: PMC9502451 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Influenza is a respiratory infection that continues to present a major threat to human health, with ~500,000 deaths/year. Continued circulation of epidemic subtypes in humans and animals potentially increases the risk of future pandemics. Vaccination has failed to halt the evolution of this virus and next-generation prophylactic approaches are under development. Naked, “heat inactivated”, or inert bacterial spores have been shown to protect against influenza in murine models. Methods: Ferrets were administered intranasal doses of inert bacterial spores (DSM 32444K) every 7 days for 4 weeks. Seven days after the last dose, the animals were challenged with avian H7N9 influenza A virus. Clinical signs of infection and viral shedding were monitored. Results: Clinical symptoms of infection were significantly reduced in animals dosed with DSM 32444K. The temporal kinetics of viral shedding was reduced but not prevented. Conclusion: Taken together, nasal dosing using heat-stable spores could provide a useful approach for influenza prophylaxis in both humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe James
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Woodham Lane, Weybridge KT15 3NB, Surrey, UK
| | - Stephanie M. Meyer
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Woodham Lane, Weybridge KT15 3NB, Surrey, UK
| | - Huynh A. Hong
- SporeGen Ltd., London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London NW1 0NH, UK
| | - Chau Dang
- SporeGen Ltd., London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London NW1 0NH, UK
| | - Ho T. Y. Linh
- HURO Biotech JSC, Lot A1-8, VL3 Road, Vinh Loc 2 Industrial Park, Long Hiep Commune, Ben Luc District, Long An, Vietnam
| | - William Ferreira
- SporeGen Ltd., London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London NW1 0NH, UK
| | - Paidamoyo M. Katsande
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, UK
| | - Linh Vo
- SporeGen Ltd., London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London NW1 0NH, UK
| | - Daniel Hynes
- Destiny Pharma Plc., Sussex Innovation Centre, Science Park Square, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9SB, UK
| | - William Love
- Destiny Pharma Plc., Sussex Innovation Centre, Science Park Square, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9SB, UK
| | - Ashley C. Banyard
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Woodham Lane, Weybridge KT15 3NB, Surrey, UK
| | - Simon M. Cutting
- SporeGen Ltd., London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London NW1 0NH, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)7900-408043
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24
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Dong W, Zhang P, Xu QL, Ren ZD, Wang J. A Study on a Neural Network Risk Simulation Model Construction for Avian Influenza A (H7N9) Outbreaks in Humans in China during 2013-2017. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10877. [PMID: 36078588 PMCID: PMC9518328 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The main purposes of this study were to explore the spatial distribution characteristics of H7N9 human infections during 2013-2017, and to construct a neural network risk simulation model of H7N9 outbreaks in China and evaluate their effects. First, ArcGIS 10.6 was used for spatial autocorrelation analysis, and cluster patterns ofH7N9 outbreaks were analyzed in China during 2013-2017 to detect outbreaks' hotspots. During the study period, the incidence of H7N9 outbreaks in China was high in the eastern and southeastern coastal areas of China, with a tendency to spread to the central region. Moran's I values of global spatial autocorrelation of H7N9 outbreaks in China from 2013 to 2017 were 0.080128, 0.073792, 0.138015, 0.139221 and 0.050739, respectively (p < 0.05) indicating a statistically significant positive correlation of the epidemic. Then, SPSS 20.0 was used to analyze the correlation between H7N9 outbreaks in China and population, livestock production, the distance between the case and rivers, poultry farming, poultry market, vegetation index, etc. Statistically significant influencing factors screened out by correlation analysis were population of the city, average vegetation of the city, and the distance between the case and rivers (p < 0.05), which were included in the neural network risk simulation model of H7N9 outbreaks in China. The simulation accuracy of the neural network risk simulation model of H7N9 outbreaks in China from 2013 to 2017 were 85.71%, 91.25%, 91.54%, 90.49% and 92.74%, and the AUC were 0.903, 0.976, 0.967, 0.963 and 0.970, respectively, showing a good simulation effect of H7N9 epidemics in China. The innovation of this study lies in the epidemiological study of H7N9 outbreaks by using a variety of technical means, and the construction of a neural network risk simulation model of H7N9 outbreaks in China. This study could provide valuable references for the prevention and control of H7N9 outbreaks in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Dong
- Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
- GIS Technology Engineering Research Centre for West-China Resources and Environment of Educational Ministry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Intelligent Information Engineering, Chongqing Aerospace Polytechnic College, Chongqing 400021, China
| | - Quan-Li Xu
- Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
- GIS Technology Engineering Research Centre for West-China Resources and Environment of Educational Ministry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhong-Da Ren
- GIS Technology Engineering Research Centre for West-China Resources and Environment of Educational Ministry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Chongqing City Management College, Chongqing 401331, China
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25
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Worobey M, Levy JI, Serrano LM, Crits-Christoph A, Pekar JE, Goldstein SA, Rasmussen AL, Kraemer MUG, Newman C, Koopmans MPG, Suchard MA, Wertheim JO, Lemey P, Robertson DL, Garry RF, Holmes EC, Rambaut A, Andersen KG. The Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan was the early epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic. Science 2022; 377:951-959. [PMID: 35881010 PMCID: PMC9348750 DOI: 10.1126/science.abp8715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in 2019 is critical to preventing future zoonotic outbreaks before they become the next pandemic. The Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan, China, was identified as a likely source of cases in early reports, but later this conclusion became controversial. We show here that the earliest known COVID-19 cases from December 2019, including those without reported direct links, were geographically centered on this market. We report that live SARS-CoV-2-susceptible mammals were sold at the market in late 2019 and that within the market, SARS-CoV-2-positive environmental samples were spatially associated with vendors selling live mammals. Although there is insufficient evidence to define upstream events, and exact circumstances remain obscure, our analyses indicate that the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 occurred through the live wildlife trade in China and show that the Huanan market was the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Worobey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Joshua I. Levy
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lorena Malpica Serrano
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Alexander Crits-Christoph
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jonathan E. Pekar
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Stephen A. Goldstein
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Angela L. Rasmussen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK S7N 5E3, Canada
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | | | - Chris Newman
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The Recanati-Kaplan Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13 5QL, UK
| | - Marion P. G. Koopmans
- Pandemic and Disaster Preparedness Centre, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marc A. Suchard
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Joel O. Wertheim
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Philippe Lemey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Global Virus Network (GVN), Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - David L. Robertson
- MRC-University of Glasgow Center for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Robert F. Garry
- Global Virus Network (GVN), Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Tulane University, School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Zalgen Labs, Frederick, MD 21703, USA
| | - Edward C. Holmes
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Andrew Rambaut
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Kristian G. Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Scripps Research Translational Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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26
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Mtambo SE, Kumalo HM. In Silico Drug Repurposing of FDA-Approved Drugs Highlighting Promacta as a Potential Inhibitor of H7N9 Influenza Virus. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144515. [PMID: 35889388 PMCID: PMC9321947 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infections continue to be a significant and recurrent public health problem. Although vaccine efficacy varies, regular immunisation is the most effective method for suppressing the influenza virus. Antiviral drugs are available for influenza, although two of the four FDA-approved antiviral treatments have resulted in significant drug resistance. Therefore, new treatments are being sought to reduce the burden of flu-related illness. The time-consuming development of treatments for new and re-emerging diseases such as influenza and the high failure rate are increasing concerns. In this context, we used an in silico-based drug repurposing method to repurpose FDA-approved drugs as potential therapies against the H7N9 virus. To find potential inhibitors, a total of 2568 drugs were screened. Promacta, tucatinib, and lurasidone were identified as promising hits in the DrugBank database. According to the calculations of MM-GBSA, tucatinib (−54.11 kcal/mol) and Promacta (−56.20 kcal/mol) occupied the active site of neuraminidase with a higher binding affinity than the standard drug peramivir (−49.09 kcal/mol). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies showed that the C-α atom backbones of the complexes of tucatinib and Promacta neuraminidase were stable throughout the simulation period. According to ADME analysis, the hit compounds have a high gastrointestinal absorption (GI) and do not exhibit properties that allow them to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB). According to the in silico toxicity prediction, Promacta is not cardiotoxic, while lurasidone and tucatinib show only weak inhibition. Therefore, we propose to test these compounds experimentally against the influenza H7N9 virus. The investigation and validation of these potential H7N9 inhibitors would be beneficial in order to bring these compounds into clinical settings.
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Coinfection of Chickens with H9N2 and H7N9 Avian Influenza Viruses Leads to Emergence of Reassortant H9N9 Virus with Increased Fitness for Poultry and a Zoonotic Potential. J Virol 2022; 96:e0185621. [PMID: 35019727 PMCID: PMC8906417 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01856-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An H7N9 low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV) emerged in 2013 through genetic reassortment between H9N2 and other LPAIVs circulating in birds in China. This virus causes inapparent clinical disease in chickens, but zoonotic transmission results in severe and fatal disease in humans. To examine a natural reassortment scenario between H7N9 and G1 lineage H9N2 viruses predominant in the Indian subcontinent, we performed an experimental coinfection of chickens with A/Anhui/1/2013/H7N9 (Anhui/13) virus and A/Chicken/Pakistan/UDL-01/2008/H9N2 (UDL/08) virus. Plaque purification and genotyping of the reassortant viruses shed via the oropharynx of contact chickens showed H9N2 and H9N9 as predominant subtypes. The reassortant viruses shed by contact chickens also showed selective enrichment of polymerase genes from H9N2 virus. The viable "6+2" reassortant H9N9 (having nucleoprotein [NP] and neuraminidase [NA] from H7N9 and the remaining genes from H9N2) was successfully shed from the oropharynx of contact chickens, plus it showed an increased replication rate in human A549 cells and a significantly higher receptor binding to α2,6 and α2,3 sialoglycans compared to H9N2. The reassortant H9N9 virus also had a lower fusion pH, replicated in directly infected ferrets at similar levels compared to H7N9 and transmitted via direct contact. Ferrets exposed to H9N9 via aerosol contact were also found to be seropositive, compared to H7N9 aerosol contact ferrets. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that cocirculation of H7N9 and G1 lineage H9N2 viruses could represent a threat for the generation of novel reassortant H9N9 viruses with greater virulence in poultry and a zoonotic potential. IMPORTANCE We evaluated the consequences of reassortment between the H7N9 and the contemporary H9N2 viruses of the G1 lineage that are enzootic in poultry across the Indian subcontinent and the Middle East. Coinfection of chickens with these viruses resulted in the emergence of novel reassortant H9N9 viruses with genes derived from both H9N2 and H7N9 viruses. The "6+2" reassortant H9N9 (having NP and NA from H7N9) virus was shed from contact chickens in a significantly higher proportion compared to most of the reassortant viruses, showed significantly increased replication fitness in human A549 cells, receptor binding toward human (α2,6) and avian (α2,3) sialic acid receptor analogues, and the potential to transmit via contact among ferrets. This study demonstrated the ability of viruses that already exist in nature to exchange genetic material, highlighting the potential emergence of viruses from these subtypes with zoonotic potential.
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28
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He J, Hou S, Chen Y, Yu JL, Chen QQ, He L, Liu J, Gong L, Huang XE, Wu JB, Pan HF, Gao RB. The Epidemiological Pattern and Co-infection of Influenza A and B by Surveillance Network From 2009 to 2014 in Anhui Province, China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:825645. [PMID: 35284384 PMCID: PMC8907529 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.825645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza-like illness (ILI) is one of the most important public health problems globally, causing an enormous disease burden. Influenza infections are the most common cause of ILI. Bacterial and virus co-infection is common yet the data of co-infection with influenza A and B viruses are scarce. To identify the epidemiological patterns of and co-infection of influenza A and B in Anhui province, China, we analyzed the surveillance data of 5 years from 2009 to 2014 collected by the Chinese National influenzas network. The results showed that the weekly ratio of ILI was 3.96 ± 1.9% (95% CI 3.73–4.2%) in outpatients and the highest affected population was children under 5 years old. The epidemic of influenza viruses was highest during 2009–2010. For the other 4 surveillance years, school-aged people (5–14 years) were the most highly affected population. Influenza B and H3N2 viruses were more prevalent than H1N1pdm09 virus after 2010. In addition, a significant co-circulation of influenza A (H1N1pdm09 and H3N2) and influenza B virus was detected with 0.057% PCR positive rate during 2009–2014 in Eastern China, yet isolated only in pediatric patients. Our data reveals school-aged population would be the main vulnerable population and a distinct seasonality for influenza. In addition, the co-infection of influenza A and B were found in Anhui Province, China. Ongoing surveillance is critical to understand the seasonality variation and make evidence-based vaccination recommendations. Information on the epidemiological patterns and co-infections of influenza A and B can help us to implement different strategies for selecting vaccine formulations and monitoring new emerging influenza strains. In addition, the identification of the susceptible population can help us to develop more precise protection measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Sai Hou
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Jun-Ling Yu
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Qing-Qing Chen
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Lan He
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Huainan City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huainan, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Xin-Er Huang
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jia-Bing Wu
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
- Hai-Feng Pan ;
| | - Rong-Bao Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Rong-Bao Gao
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29
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Abstract
The continuous emergence and reemergence of diverse subtypes of influenza A viruses, which are known as "HxNy" and are mediated through the reassortment of viral genomes, account for seasonal epidemics, occasional pandemics, and zoonotic outbreaks. We summarize and discuss the characteristics of historic human pandemic HxNy viruses and diverse subtypes of HxNy among wild birds, mammals, and live poultry markets. In addition, we summarize the key molecular features of emerging infectious HxNy influenza viruses from the perspectives of the receptor binding of Hx, the inhibitor-binding specificities and drug-resistance features of Ny, and the matching of the gene segments. Our work enhances our understanding of the potential threats of novel reassortant influenza viruses to public health and provides recommendations for effective prevention, control, and research of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Liu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Pathogen Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuhai Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weifeng Shi
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China
| | - Dayan Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yi Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - George F Gao
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
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30
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Mathematical modelling of SARS-CoV-2 variant outbreaks reveals their probability of extinction. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24498. [PMID: 34969959 PMCID: PMC8718533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04108-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
When a virus spreads, it may mutate into, e.g., vaccine resistant or fast spreading lineages, as was the case for the Danish Cluster-5 mink variant (belonging to the B.1.1.298 lineage), the British B.1.1.7 lineage, and the South African B.1.351 lineage of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. A way to handle such spreads is through a containment strategy, where the population in the affected area is isolated until the spread has been stopped. Under such circumstances, it is important to monitor whether the mutated virus is extinct via massive testing for the virus sub-type. If successful, the strategy will lead to lower and lower numbers of the sub-type, and it will eventually die out. An important question is, for how long time one should wait to be sure the sub-type is extinct? We use a hidden Markov model for infection spread and an approximation of a two stage sampling scheme to infer the probability of extinction. The potential of the method is illustrated via a simulation study. Finally, the model is used to assess the Danish containment strategy when SARS-CoV-2 spread from mink to man during the summer of 2020, including the Cluster-5 sub-type. In order to avoid further spread and mink being a large animal virus reservoir, this situation led to the isolation of seven municipalities in the Northern part of the country, the culling of the entire Danish 17 million large mink population, and a bill to interim ban Danish mink production until the end of 2021.
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31
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Yin L, Liu S, Shi H, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Wu D, Song Z, Zhang L. Subcellular Proteomic Analysis Reveals Dysregulation in Organization of Human A549 Cells Infected with Influenza Virus H7N9. CURR PROTEOMICS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164619666211222145450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
H7N9 influenza virus poses a high risk to human beings and proteomic evaluations of these infections may help to better understand its pathogenic mechanisms in human systems. Objective: To find membrane proteins related to H7N9 infection.
Methods:
Here, we infected primary human alveolar adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (A549) cells with H7N9 (including wild and mutant strains) and then produced enriched cellular membrane isolations which were evaluated by western blot. The proteins in these cell membrane fractions were analyzed using the isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ) proteome technologies.
Results:
Differentially expressed proteins (n = 32) were identified following liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, including 20 down-regulated proteins such as CD44 antigen, and CD151 antigen, and 12 up-regulated proteins such as tight junction protein ZO-1, and prostaglandin reductase 1. Gene Ontology database searching revealed that 20 out of the 32 differentially expressed proteins were localized to the plasma membrane. These proteins were primarily associated with cellular component organization (n = 20), and enriched in the Reactome pathway of extracellular matrix organization (n = 4).
Conclusion:
These findings indicate that H7N9 may dysregulate cellular organization via specific alterations to the protein profile of the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- The College of Information, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Huichun Shi
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yanling Feng
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Dage Wu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Zhigang Song
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
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32
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Luo M, Liu Q, Wang J, Gong Z. From SARS to the Omicron variant of COVID-19: China's policy adjustments and changes to prevent and control infectious diseases. Biosci Trends 2021; 15:418-423. [PMID: 34924490 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2021.01535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been the biggest public health crisis in a century. Since it was initially reported in 2019, the duration and intensity of its impacts are still in serious question around the world, and it is about to enter its third year. The first public health revolution failed to achieve its ultimate targets, as previously contained infectious diseases seem to have returned, and new infectious diseases continue to emerge. The prevention and control of infectious diseases is still a public health priority worldwide. After SARS, China adjusted a series of its infectious disease policies. In order to ensure the effectiveness and implementation of prevention and control interventions, the government should integrate the concept of public health. Perhaps we need a global public health system at the government level to fight the potential threat of infectious disease. This system could include multifaceted strategies, not just specific prevention and control interventions, and it could also be a comprehensive system to ensure unimpeded communication and cooperation as well as sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Luo
- Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinmei Liu
- Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinna Wang
- Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenyu Gong
- Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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33
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Li H, Chen Y, Machalaba CC, Tang H, Chmura AA, Fielder MD, Daszak P. Wild animal and zoonotic disease risk management and regulation in China: Examining gaps and One Health opportunities in scope, mandates, and monitoring systems. One Health 2021; 13:100301. [PMID: 34401458 PMCID: PMC8358700 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging diseases of zoonotic origin such as COVID-19 are a continuing public health threat in China that lead to a significant socioeconomic burden. This study reviewed the current laws and regulations, government reports and policy documents, and existing literature on zoonotic disease preparedness and prevention across the forestry, agriculture, and public health authorities in China, to articulate the current landscape of potential risks, existing mandates, and gaps. A total of 55 known zoonotic diseases (59 pathogens) are routinely monitored under a multi-sectoral system among humans and domestic and wild animals in China. These diseases have been detected in wild mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish or other aquatic animals, the majority of which are transmitted between humans and animals via direct or indirect contact and vectors. However, this current monitoring system covers a limited scope of disease threats and animal host species, warranting expanded review for sources of disease and pathogen with zoonotic potential. In addition, the governance of wild animal protection and utilization and limited knowledge about wild animal trade value chains present challenges for zoonotic disease risk assessment and monitoring, and affect the completeness of mandates and enforcement. A coordinated and collaborative mechanism among different departments is required for the effective monitoring and management of disease emergence and transmission risks in the animal value chains. Moreover, pathogen surveillance among wild animal hosts and human populations outside of the routine monitoring system will fill the data gaps and improve our understanding of future emerging zoonotic threats to achieve disease prevention. The findings and recommendations will advance One Health collaboration across government and non-government stakeholders to optimize monitoring and surveillance, risk management, and emergency responses to known and novel zoonotic threats, and support COVID-19 recovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Li
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, United States of America
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yufei Chen
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Hao Tang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | | | - Mark D. Fielder
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Daszak
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, United States of America
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34
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Chen J, Liu Z, Li K, Li X, Xu L, Zhang M, Wu Y, Liu T, Wang X, Xie S, Xin A, Liao M, Jia W. Emergence of novel avian origin H7N9 viruses after introduction of H7-Re3 and rLN79 vaccine strains to China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:213-220. [PMID: 34817918 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In early 2021, roughly 6 months after the H7N9 H7-Re3 and H7N9 rLN79 vaccine strains were introduced into China, we monitored a number of H7N9 subtype avian influenza viruses, which could have escaped vaccine-induced immunity in live poultry markets (LPMs) in Yunnan, Hebei, Shanxi and Guangdong provinces, China. To investigate whether these viruses were a novel H7N9 variant of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus and whether they had the potential for further spread, we characterized the genetic evolution, antigenic divergence and pathogenicity of the viruses in the context of vaccine immunity. The results show further diversification in the HA gene of newly isolated HPAI H7N9 viruses compared with antigenic variants that emerged after the period of 2017-2019. There were clear antigenic differences between current vaccines and these viruses, and SPF broilers under vaccine protection could not resist virus challenges. Our study demonstrates that the current vaccine has insufficient protective capacity against the novel H7N9 variants under experimental conditions. A novel H7N9 immune escape virus has emerged. Faced with potential outbreaks, we should strengthen surveillance and update vaccine strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Chen
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaojie Liu
- Research and development center, Guangdong Huasheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of Poultry Management and Diseases, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyu Xu
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tengfei Liu
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinkai Wang
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shumin Xie
- Experimental Animal Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiguo Xin
- Institute of Poultry Management and Diseases, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ming Liao
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weixin Jia
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
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35
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Le KT, Stevenson MA, Isoda N, Nguyen LT, Chu DH, Nguyen TN, Nguyen LV, Tien TN, Le TT, Matsuno K, Okamatsu M, Sakoda Y. A systematic approach to illuminate a new hot spot of avian influenza virus circulation in South Vietnam, 2016-2017. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e831-e844. [PMID: 34734678 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In South Vietnam, live bird markets (LBMs) are key in the value chain of poultry products and spread of avian influenza virus (AIV) although they may not be the sole determinant of AIV prevalence. For this reason, a risk analysis of AIV prevalence was conducted accounting for all value chain factors. A cross-sectional study of poultry flock managers and poultry on backyard farms, commercial (high biosecurity) farms, LBMs and poultry delivery stations (PDSs) in four districts of Vinh Long province was conducted between December 2016 and August 2017. A total of 3597 swab samples were collected from birds from 101 backyard farms, 50 commercial farms, 58 sellers in LBMs and 19 traders in PDSs. Swab samples were submitted for AIV isolation. At the same time a questionnaire was administered to flock managers asking them to provide details of their knowledge, attitude and practices related to avian influenza. Multiple correspondence analysis and a mixed-effects multivariable logistic regression model were developed to identify enterprise and flock manager characteristics that increased the risk of AIV positivity. A total of 274 birds were positive for AIV isolation, returning an estimated true prevalence of 7.6% [95% confidence interval (CI): 6.8%-8.5%]. The odds of a bird being AIV positive if it was from an LBM or PDS were 45 (95% CI: 3.4-590) and 25 (95% CI: 1.4-460), respectively, times higher to the odds of a bird from a commercial poultry farm being AIV positive. The odds of birds being AIV positive for respondents with a mixed (uncertain or inconsistent) level and a low level of knowledge about AI were 5.0 (95% CI: 0.20-130) and 3.5 (95% CI: 0.2-62), respectively, times higher to the odd of birds being positive for respondents with a good knowledge of AI. LBMs and PDSs should receive specific emphasis in AI control programs in Vietnam. Our findings provide evidence to support the hypothesis that incomplete respondent knowledge of AI and AIV spread mechanism were associated with an increased risk of AIV positivity. Delivery of education programs specifically designed for those in each enterprise will assist in this regard. The timing and frequency of delivery of education programs are likely to be important if the turnover of those working in LBMs and PDSs is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien Trung Le
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mark A Stevenson
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Norikazu Isoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.,Division of Risk Analysis and Management, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.,International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Lam Thanh Nguyen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Duc-Huy Chu
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Tien Ngoc Nguyen
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Long Van Nguyen
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Tien Ngoc Tien
- Regional Animal Health Office VII, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Tung Thanh Le
- Sub-Departments of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Vinh Long, Vietnam
| | - Keita Matsuno
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.,International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Okamatsu
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.,International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Guo J, Song W, Ni X, Liu W, Wu J, Xia W, Zhou X, Wang W, He F, Wang X, Fan G, Zhou K, Chen H, Chen S. Pathogen change of avian influenza virus in the live poultry market before and after vaccination of poultry in southern China. Virol J 2021; 18:213. [PMID: 34715890 PMCID: PMC8554751 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fifth wave of H7N9 avian influenza virus caused a large number of human infections and a large number of poultry deaths in China. Since September 2017, mainland China has begun to vaccinate poultry with H5 + H7 avian influenza vaccine. We investigated the avian influenza virus infections in different types of live poultry markets and samples before and after genotype H5 + H7 vaccination in Nanchang, and analyzed the changes of the HA subtypes of AIVs. METHODS From 2016 to 2019, we monitored different live poultry markets and collected specimens, using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technology to detect the nucleic acid of type A avian influenza virus in the samples. The H5, H7 and H9 subtypes of influenza viruses were further classified for the positive results. The χ2 test was used to compare the differences in the separation rates of different avian influenza subtypes. RESULTS We analyzed 5,196 samples collected before and after vaccination and found that the infection rate of AIV in wholesale market (21.73%) was lower than that in retail market (24.74%) (P < 0.05). Among all the samples, the positive rate of sewage samples (33.90%) was the highest (P < 0.001). After vaccination, the positive rate of H5 and H7 subtypes decreased, and the positive rate of H9 subtype and untypable HA type increased significantly (P < 0.001). The positive rates of H9 subtype in different types of LPMs and different types of samples increased significantly (P < 0.01), and the positive rates of untypable HA type increased significantly in all environmental samples (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Since vaccination, the positive rates of H5 and H7 subtypes have decreased, but the positive rates of H9 subtypes have increased to varying degrees in different testing locations and all samples. This results show that the government should establish more complete measures to achieve long-term control of the avian influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Guo
- The Collaboration Unit for Field Epidemiology of State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal-Origin and Vector-Borne Diseases, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, 330038, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Song
- The Collaboration Unit for Field Epidemiology of State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal-Origin and Vector-Borne Diseases, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, 330038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiansheng Ni
- The Collaboration Unit for Field Epidemiology of State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal-Origin and Vector-Borne Diseases, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, 330038, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- The Collaboration Unit for Field Epidemiology of State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal-Origin and Vector-Borne Diseases, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, 330038, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Wu
- The Collaboration Unit for Field Epidemiology of State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal-Origin and Vector-Borne Diseases, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, 330038, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Xia
- The Collaboration Unit for Field Epidemiology of State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal-Origin and Vector-Borne Diseases, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, 330038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianfeng Zhou
- The Collaboration Unit for Field Epidemiology of State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal-Origin and Vector-Borne Diseases, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, 330038, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- The Collaboration Unit for Field Epidemiology of State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal-Origin and Vector-Borne Diseases, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, 330038, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenglan He
- The Collaboration Unit for Field Epidemiology of State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal-Origin and Vector-Borne Diseases, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, 330038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- The Collaboration Unit for Field Epidemiology of State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal-Origin and Vector-Borne Diseases, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, 330038, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyin Fan
- The Collaboration Unit for Field Epidemiology of State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal-Origin and Vector-Borne Diseases, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, 330038, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhou
- The Collaboration Unit for Field Epidemiology of State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal-Origin and Vector-Borne Diseases, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, 330038, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiying Chen
- The Collaboration Unit for Field Epidemiology of State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal-Origin and Vector-Borne Diseases, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, 330038, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengen Chen
- The Collaboration Unit for Field Epidemiology of State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal-Origin and Vector-Borne Diseases, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, 330038, People's Republic of China.
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Jia X, Chua BY, Loh L, Koutsakos M, Kedzierski L, Olshansky M, Heath WR, Chang SY, Xu J, Wang Z, Kedzierska K. High expression of CD38 and MHC class II on CD8 + T cells during severe influenza disease reflects bystander activation and trogocytosis. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1336. [PMID: 34522380 PMCID: PMC8426257 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Although co‐expression of CD38 and HLA‐DR reflects T‐cell activation during viral infections, high and prolonged CD38+HLA‐DR+ expression is associated with severe disease. To date, the mechanism underpinning expression of CD38+HLA‐DR+ is poorly understood. Methods We used mouse models of influenza A/H9N2, A/H7N9 and A/H3N2 infection to investigate mechanisms underpinning CD38+MHC‐II+ phenotype on CD8+ T cells. To further understand MHC‐II trogocytosis on murine CD8+ T cells as well as the significance behind the scenario, we used adoptively transferred transgenic OT‐I CD8+ T cells and A/H3N2‐SIINKEKL infection. Results Analysis of influenza‐specific immunodominant DbNP366+CD8+ T‐cell responses showed that CD38+MHC‐II+ co‐expression was detected on both virus‐specific and bystander CD8+ T cells, with increased numbers of both CD38+MHC‐II+CD8+ T‐cell populations observed in immune organs including the site of infection during severe viral challenge. OT‐I cells adoptively transferred into MHC‐II−/− mice had no MHC‐II after infection, suggesting that MHC‐II was acquired via trogocytosis. The detection of CD19 on CD38+MHC‐II+ OT‐I cells supports the proposition that MHC‐II was acquired by trogocytosis sourced from B cells. Co‐expression of CD38+MHC‐II+ on CD8+ T cells was needed for optimal recall following secondary infection. Conclusions Overall, our study demonstrates that both virus‐specific and bystander CD38+MHC‐II+ CD8+ T cells are recruited to the site of infection during severe disease, and that MHC‐II presence occurs via trogocytosis from antigen‐presenting cells. Our findings highlight the importance of the CD38+MHC‐II+ phenotype for CD8+ T‐cell recall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Jia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Brendon Y Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Liyen Loh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Marios Koutsakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Lukasz Kedzierski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville VIC Australia.,Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Moshe Olshansky
- Department of Microbiology Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - William R Heath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville VIC Australia
| | - So Young Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Zhongfang Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville VIC Australia.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville VIC Australia
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Ellis JW, Root JJ, McCurdy LM, Bentler KT, Barrett NL, VanDalen KK, Dirsmith KL, Shriner SA. Avian influenza A virus susceptibility, infection, transmission, and antibody kinetics in European starlings. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009879. [PMID: 34460868 PMCID: PMC8432794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) pose risks to public, agricultural, and wildlife health. Bridge hosts are spillover hosts that share habitat with both maintenance hosts (e.g., mallards) and target hosts (e.g., poultry). We conducted a comprehensive assessment of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), a common visitor to both urban and agricultural environments, to assess whether this species might act as a potential maintenance or bridge host for IAVs. First, we experimentally inoculated starlings with a wild bird IAV to investigate susceptibility and replication kinetics. Next, we evaluated whether IAV might spill over to starlings from sharing resources with a widespread IAV reservoir host. We accomplished this using a specially designed transmission cage to simulate natural environmental transmission by exposing starlings to water shared with IAV-infected mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). We then conducted a contact study to assess intraspecies transmission between starlings. In the initial experimental infection study, all inoculated starlings shed viral RNA and seroconverted. All starlings in the transmission study became infected and shed RNA at similar levels. All but one of these birds seroconverted, but detectable antibodies were relatively transient, falling to negative levels in a majority of birds by 59 days post contact. None of the contact starlings in the intraspecies transmission experiment became infected. In summary, we demonstrated that starlings may have the potential to act as IAV bridge hosts if they share water with IAV-infected waterfowl. However, starlings are unlikely to act as maintenance hosts due to limited, if any, intraspecies transmission. In addition, starlings have a relatively brief antibody response which should be considered when interpreting serology from field samples. Further study is needed to evaluate the potential for transmission from starlings to poultry, a possibility enhanced by starling's behavioral trait of forming very large flocks which can descend on poultry facilities when natural resources are scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W. Ellis
- National Wildlife Research Center—Wildlife Services, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - J. Jeffrey Root
- National Wildlife Research Center—Wildlife Services, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Loredana M. McCurdy
- National Wildlife Research Center—Wildlife Services, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kevin T. Bentler
- National Wildlife Research Center—Wildlife Services, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Nicole L. Barrett
- National Wildlife Research Center—Wildlife Services, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kaci K. VanDalen
- National Wildlife Research Center—Wildlife Services, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Katherine L. Dirsmith
- National Wildlife Research Center—Wildlife Services, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Susan A. Shriner
- National Wildlife Research Center—Wildlife Services, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wei X, Wang L, Jia Q, Xiao J, Zhu G. Assessing different interventions against Avian Influenza A (H7N9) infection by an epidemiological model. One Health 2021; 13:100312. [PMID: 34458547 PMCID: PMC8379632 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aims at evaluating the effectiveness of different intervention measures against the infection of avian influenza A (H7N9) by using an epidemiological model. The model formulates the intrinsic interactions of domestic poultry (DP), H7N9 virus and humans by ordinary differential equations and couples the essential roles of various interventions (including culling, vaccinating, screening, disinfecting, and reducing contact rate, etc). Qualitative analysis indicates that when the recruiting poultry is virus-free, there is a transmission threshold denoted by basic reproduction number which can determine the invasion of H7N9; and there is always a stable H7N9 endemic in case of persistent import of virus-carrying poultry, under which only complete vaccination or cutting off poultry-to-poultry/human contacts can stop H7N9 transmission. By performing numerical analysis of the model with biological background parameters, the intervention outcomes against H7N9 infection are further quantified. It is found that (1) reducing poultry-human/poultry interaction and per-contact infection probability, as well as culling DP, are highly effective in diminishing the infections of humans and DP; (2) the disease is prevented when larger than (1 − 0.1λp) proportion of DP is vaccinated, where λp is the DP-to-DP transmission rate; (3) cleaning and disinfecting environment play limited role in reducing the risk of infection; and (4) screening imported poultry is quite important for stopping disease diffusion, but it works little when local epidemic is prevailing. Combing these measures with real situations would be necessary for controlling H7N9 epidemics and reaching one health purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Wei
- School of Mathematics and Computing Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Liying Wang
- School of Mathematics and Computing Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Qiaojuan Jia
- School of Mathematics and Computing Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jianpeng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Guanghu Zhu
- School of Mathematics and Computing Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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Substitution of I222L-E119V in neuraminidase from highly pathogenic avian influenza H7N9 virus exhibited synergistic resistance effect to oseltamivir in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16293. [PMID: 34381119 PMCID: PMC8358046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95771-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
That the high frequency and good replication capacity of strains with reduced susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) in highly pathogenic avian influenza H7N9 (HPAI H7N9) virus made it a significance to further study its drug resistance. HPAI H7N9 viruses bearing NA I222L or E119V substitution and two mutations of I222L-E119V as well as their NAIs-sensitive counterpart were generated by reverse genetics for NA inhibition test and replication capability evaluation in vitro. The attenuated H7N9/PR8 recombinant viruses were developed to study the pathogenicity and drug resistance brought by the above substitutions to mice. The IC50 fold change of oseltamivir to HPAI H7N9 with NA222L-119V is 306.34 times than that of its susceptible strain, and 3.5 times than the E119V mutant virus. HPAI H7N9 bearing NA222L-119V had good replication ability with peak value of more than 6log10 TCID50/ml in MDCK cells. H7N9/PR8 virus bearing NA222L-119V substitutions leaded to diffuse pneumonia, significant weight loss and fatality in mice. NA E119V made H7N9/PR8 virus resistant to oseltamivir, and I222L-E119V had synergistic resistance to oseltamivir in mice. Due to the good fitness of drug resistant strains of HPAI H7N9 virus, it is necessary to strengthen drug resistance surveillance and new drug research.
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Abstract
In early 2013, human infections caused by a novel H7N9 avian influenza virus (AIV) were first reported in China; these infections caused severe disease and death. The virus was initially low pathogenic to poultry, enabling it to spread widely in different provinces, especially in live poultry markets. Importantly, the H7N9 low pathogenic AIVs (LPAIVs) evolved into highly pathogenic AIVs (HPAIVs) in the beginning of 2017, causing a greater threat to human health and devastating losses to the poultry industry. Fortunately, nationwide vaccination of chickens with an H5/H7 bivalent inactivated avian influenza vaccine since September 2017 has successfully controlled H7N9 avian influenza infections in poultry and, importantly, has also prevented human infections. In this review, we summarize the biological properties of the H7N9 viruses, specifically their genetic evolution, adaptation, pathogenesis, receptor binding, transmission, drug resistance, and antigenic variation, as well as the prevention and control measures. The information obtained from investigating and managing the H7N9 viruses could improve our ability to understand other novel AIVs and formulate effective measures to control their threat to humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Hualan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
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Zhu G, Kang M, Wei X, Tang T, Liu T, Xiao J, Song T, Ma W. Different intervention strategies toward live poultry markets against avian influenza A (H7N9) virus: Model-based assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 198:110465. [PMID: 33220247 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different interventions targeting live poultry markets (LPMs) are applied in China for controlling avian influenza A (H7N9), including LPM closure and "1110" policy (i.e., daily cleaning, weekly disinfection, monthly rest day, zero poultry stock overnight). However, the interventions' effectiveness has not been comprehensively assessed. METHODS Based on the available data (including reported cases, domestic poultry volume, and climate) collected in Guangdong Province between October 2013 and June 2017, we developed a new compartmental model that enabled us to infer H7N9 transmission dynamics. The model incorporated the intrinsic interplay among humans and poultry as well as the impacts of absolute humidity and LPM intervention, in which intervention strategies were parameterized and estimated by Markov chain Monte Carlo method. RESULTS There were 258 confirmed human H7N9 cases in Guangdong during the study period. If without interventions, the number would reach 646 (95%CI, 575-718) cases. Temporal, seasonal and permanent closures of LPMs can substantially reduce transmission risk, which might respectively reduce human infections by 67.2% (95%CI, 64.3%-70.1%), 75.6% (95%CI, 73.8%-77.5%), 86.6% (95%CI, 85.7-87.6%) in total four epidemic seasons, and 81.9% (95%CI, 78.7%-85.2%), 91.5% (95%CI, 89.9%-93.1%), 99.0% (95%CI, 98.7%-99.3%) in the last two epidemic seasons. Moreover, implementing the "1110" policy from 2014 to 2017 would reduce the cases by 34.1% (95%CI, 20.1%-48.0%), suggesting its limited role in preventing H7N9 transmission. CONCLUSIONS Our study quantified the effects of different interventions and execution time toward LPMs for controlling H7N9 transmission. The results highlighted the importance of closing LPMs during epidemic period, and supported permanent closure as a long-term plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghu Zhu
- School of Mathematics and Computing Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Min Kang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Xueli Wei
- School of Mathematics and Computing Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Tian Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Jianpeng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Tie Song
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China.
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China.
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Yu WQ, Ji NF, Ding MD, Gu CJ, Ma Y, Wu ZZ, Wang YL, Wu CJ, Dai GH, Chen Y, Jin RR, Tan YB, Yang Z, Zhou DM, Xian JC, Xu HT, Huang M. Characteristics of H7N9 avian influenza pneumonia: a retrospective analysis of 17 cases. Intern Med J 2021; 50:1115-1123. [PMID: 31707755 DOI: 10.1111/imj.14685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND H7N9 avian influenza is an infection of public health concern, in part because of its high mortality rate and pandemic potential. AIMS To describe the clinical features of H7N9 avian influenza and the response to treatment. METHODS Clinical, radiological and histopathological data, and treatment-related of H7N9-infected patients hospitalised during 2014-2017 were extracted and analysed. RESULTS A total of 17 H7N9 patients (three females; mean age, 58.4 ± 13.7 years) was identified; of these six died. All patients presented with fever and productive cough; four patients had haemoptysis and 13 had chest distress and/or shortness of breath. Early subnormal white blood cell count and elevation of serum liver enzymes were common. Multilobar patchy shadows, rapid progression to ground-glass opacities, air bronchograms and consolidation were the most common imaging findings. Histopathological examination of lung tissue of three patients who died showed severe alveolar epithelial cell damage, with inflammatory exudation into the alveolar space and hyaline membrane formation; widened alveolar septae, prominent inflammatory cell infiltration; and hyperplasia of pneumocytes. Viral inclusions were found in the lung tissue of two patients. All patients received antiviral drugs (oseltamivir ± peramivir). Four patients carried the rs12252-C/C interferon-induced transmembrane protein-3 (IFITM3) genotype, while the others had the C/T genotype. CONCLUSIONS H7N9 virus infection causes human influenza-like symptoms, but may rapidly progress to severe pneumonia and even death. Clinicians should be alert to the possibility of H7N9 infection in high-risk patients. The presence of the IFITM3 rs12252-C genotype may predict severe illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Ning-Fei Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-Dong Ding
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Cheng-Jing Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Li Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao-Jie Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gui-Hong Dai
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Rong-Rong Jin
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Yi-Bin Tan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhu Yang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Da-Ming Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Jian-Chun Xian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Hong-Tao Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Mao Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Liu WJ, Xiao H, Dai L, Liu D, Chen J, Qi X, Bi Y, Shi Y, Gao GF, Liu Y. Avian influenza A (H7N9) virus: from low pathogenic to highly pathogenic. Front Med 2021; 15:507-527. [PMID: 33860875 PMCID: PMC8190734 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The avian influenza A (H7N9) virus is a zoonotic virus that is closely associated with live poultry markets. It has caused infections in humans in China since 2013. Five waves of the H7N9 influenza epidemic occurred in China between March 2013 and September 2017. H7N9 with low-pathogenicity dominated in the first four waves, whereas highly pathogenic H7N9 influenza emerged in poultry and spread to humans during the fifth wave, causing wide concern. Specialists and officials from China and other countries responded quickly, controlled the epidemic well thus far, and characterized the virus by using new technologies and surveillance tools that were made possible by their preparedness efforts. Here, we review the characteristics of the H7N9 viruses that were identified while controlling the spread of the disease. It was summarized and discussed from the perspectives of molecular epidemiology, clinical features, virulence and pathogenesis, receptor binding, T-cell responses, monoclonal antibody development, vaccine development, and disease burden. These data provide tools for minimizing the future threat of H7N9 and other emerging and re-emerging viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518114, China.
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Haixia Xiao
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Lianpan Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Di Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- National Virus Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center for Influenza Research and Early Warning, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- National Virus Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center for Influenza Research and Early Warning, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaopeng Qi
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuhai Bi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518114, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center for Influenza Research and Early Warning, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518114, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center for Influenza Research and Early Warning, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - George F Gao
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yingxia Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518114, China.
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45
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Chiang YW, Li CJ, Su HY, Hsieh KT, Weng CW, Chen HW, Chang SC. Development of mouse monoclonal antibody for detecting hemagglutinin of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus and preventing virus infection. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3235-3248. [PMID: 33770244 PMCID: PMC7995400 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11253-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Many cases of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus infection in humans have been reported since its first emergence in 2013. The disease is of concern because most patients have become severely ill with roughly 30% mortality rate. Because the threat in public health caused by H7N9 virus remains high, advance preparedness is essentially needed. In this study, the recombinant H7N9 hemagglutinin (HA) was expressed in insect cells and purified for generation of two monoclonal antibodies, named F3-2 and 1C6B. F3-2 can only recognize the H7N9 HA without having cross-reactivity with HA proteins of H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, and H7N7. 1C6B has the similar specificity with F3-2, but 1C6B can also bind to H7N7 HA. The binding epitope of F3-2 is mainly located in the region of H7N9 HA(299–307). The binding epitope of 1C6B is located in the region of H7N9 HA(489–506). F3-2 and 1C6B could not effectively inhibit the hemagglutination activity of H7N9 HA. However, F3-2 can prevent H7N9 HA from trypsin cleavage and can bind to H7N9 HA which has undergone pH-induced conformational change. F3-2 also has the ability of binding to H7N9 viral particles and inhibiting H7N9 virus infection to MDCK cells with the IC50 value of 22.18 μg/mL. In addition, F3-2 and 1C6B were utilized for comprising a lateral flow immunochromatographic test strip for specific detection of H7N9 HA. Key points • Two mouse monoclonal antibodies, F3-2 and 1C6B, were generated for recognizing the novel binding epitopes in H7N9 HA. • F3-2 can prevent H7N9 HA from trypsin cleavage and inhibit H7N9 virus infection to MDCK cells. • F3-2 and 1C6B were developed as a lateral flow immunochromatographic test for specific detection of H7N9 HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Chiang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Li
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Yi Su
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ting Hsieh
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Weng
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chung Chang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
- Center of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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Fukuyama S, Iwatsuki-Horimoto K, Kiso M, Nakajima N, Gregg RW, Katsura H, Tomita Y, Maemura T, da Silva Lopes TJ, Watanabe T, Shoemaker JE, Hasegawa H, Yamayoshi S, Kawaoka Y. Pathogenesis of Influenza A(H7N9) Virus in Aged Nonhuman Primates. J Infect Dis 2021; 222:1155-1164. [PMID: 32433769 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The avian influenza A(H7N9) virus has caused high mortality rates in humans, especially in the elderly; however, little is known about the mechanistic basis for this. In the current study, we used nonhuman primates to evaluate the effect of aging on the pathogenicity of A(H7N9) virus. We observed that A(H7N9) virus infection of aged animals (defined as age 20-26 years) caused more severe symptoms than infection of young animals (defined as age 2-3 years). In aged animals, lung inflammation was weak and virus infection was sustained. Although cytokine and chemokine expression in the lungs of most aged animals was lower than that in the lungs of young animals, 1 aged animal showed severe symptoms and dysregulated proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production. These results suggest that attenuated or dysregulated immune responses in aged animals are responsible for the severe symptoms observed among elderly patients infected with A(H7N9) virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Fukuyama
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Kiso
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Nakajima
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert W Gregg
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hiroaki Katsura
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Tomita
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Maemura
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tiago Jose da Silva Lopes
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tokiko Watanabe
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jason E Shoemaker
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Yamayoshi
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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47
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Highly pathogenic avian influenza A/Guangdong/17SF003/2016 is immunogenic and induces cross-protection against antigenically divergent H7N9 viruses. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:30. [PMID: 33637737 PMCID: PMC7910538 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza A(H7N9) epidemics have a fatality rate of approximately 40%. Previous studies reported that low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI)-derived candidate vaccine viruses (CVVs) are poorly immunogenic. Here, we assess the immunogenicity and efficacy of a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A/Guangdong/17SF003/2016 (GD/16)-extracted hemagglutinin (eHA) vaccine. GD/16 eHA induces robust H7-specific antibody responses in mice with a marked adjuvant antigen-sparing effect. Mice immunized with adjuvanted GD/16 eHA are protected from the lethal LPAI and HPAI H7N9 challenges, in stark contrast to low antibody titers and high mortality in mice receiving adjuvanted LPAI H7 eHAs. The protection correlates well with the magnitude of the H7-specific antibody response (IgG and microneutralization) or HA group 2 stem-specific IgG. Inclusion of adjuvanted GD/16 eHA in heterologous prime-boost improves the immunogenicity and protection of LPAI H7 HAs in mice. Our findings support the inclusion of GD/16-derived CVV in the pandemic preparedness vaccine stockpile.
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48
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Nomura N, Matsuno K, Shingai M, Ohno M, Sekiya T, Omori R, Sakoda Y, Webster RG, Kida H. Updating the influenza virus library at Hokkaido University -It's potential for the use of pandemic vaccine strain candidates and diagnosis. Virology 2021; 557:55-61. [PMID: 33667751 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Genetic reassortment of influenza A viruses through cross-species transmission contributes to the generation of pandemic influenza viruses. To provide information on the ecology of influenza viruses, we have been conducting a global surveillance of zoonotic influenza and establishing an influenza virus library. Of 4580 influenza virus strains in the library, 3891 have been isolated from over 70 different bird species. The remaining 689 strains were isolated from humans, pigs, horses, seal, whale, and the environment. Phylogenetic analyses of the HA genes of the library isolates demonstrate that the library strains are distributed to all major known clusters of the H1, H2 and H3 subtypes of HA genes that are prevalent in humans. Since past pandemic influenza viruses are most likely genetic reassortants of zoonotic and seasonal influenza viruses, a vast collection of influenza A virus strains from various hosts should be useful for vaccine preparation and diagnosis for future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Nomura
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keita Matsuno
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masashi Shingai
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE) Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Marumi Ohno
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Sekiya
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE) Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ryosuke Omori
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE) Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Kida
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE) Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Collaborating Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
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49
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Zhao W, Zhang P, Bai S, Lv M, Wang J, Chen W, Wu J. Immune Responses to Adjuvanted H7N9 Split Antigen in Aged Mice. Viral Immunol 2021; 34:112-116. [PMID: 33577421 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2020.0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The avian influenza A H7N9 virus has caused severe infection and high mortality in humans. It can be extremely hazardous to the elderly since age might diminish the immune response, and poor immunogenicity of H7 hemagglutinin could diminish the vaccine efficacy in this population. To overcome this issue, adjuvants are used to induce a stronger immune response. In this study, we generated a recombinant H7N9 influenza virus using reverse genetic techniques, consisting of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes derived from a human H7N9 virus, with the remaining genes from H1N1 A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8). To evaluate whether the adjuvant can improve immune responses in aged animals, the humoral and cellular immune responses of 18-month-old BALB/c mice to different doses of split avian influenza A H7N9 vaccine with and without the adjuvant MF59 were compared. Our data showed that aged mice immunized with MF59 elicited higher levels of hemagglutination inhibition and microneutralization antibodies and interferon-gamma-specific enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT) responses when compared with antigens alone. It is suggested that the split avian influenza A H7N9 vaccine combined with MF59 may significantly improve immune responses to influenza vaccination in elderly humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Institute for Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute for Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Bai
- Institute for Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Lv
- Institute for Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute for Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weixin Chen
- Institute for Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Institute for Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
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Bai R, Sikkema RS, Munnink BBO, Li CR, Wu J, Zou L, Jing Y, Lu J, Yuan RY, Liao M, Koopmans M, Ke CW. Exploring utility of genomic epidemiology to trace origins of highly pathogenic influenza A/H7N9 in Guangdong. Virus Evol 2021; 6:veaa097. [PMID: 33391821 PMCID: PMC7758296 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veaa097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The first highly pathogenic (HP) influenza A/H7N9 was reported in Guangdong in January 2017. To investigate the emergence and spread of HP A/H7N9 in Guangdong province, we sequenced 297 viruses (58 HP A/H7N9, 19 low pathogenic (LP) A/H7N9, and 220 A/H9N2) during 2016–2017. Our analysis showed that during the fifth wave, three A/H7N9 lineages were co-circulating in Guangdong: the local LP Pearl River Delta (PRD) lineage (13%), the newly imported LP Yangtze River Delta (YRD) lineage (23%), and the HP YRD lineage (64%). Previously circulating YRD-lineage LP during the third wave evolved to the YRD-lineage HP A/H7N9 in Guangdong. All YRD-lineage LP detected during the fifth wave most likely originated from newly imported viruses into Guangdong. Genotype comparison of HP A/H7N9 suggests limited outward spread of HP A/H7N9 to other provinces. The distribution of HP A/H7N9 cleavage site variants on live poultry markets differed from that found in humans, suggesting a V1-type cleavage site may facilitate human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reina S Sikkema
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas B Oude Munnink
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cong Rong Li
- Biosafety Laboratory, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiolgy, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Lirong Zou
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiolgy, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Yi Jing
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiolgy, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Run Yu Yuan
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiolgy, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Ming Liao
- Biosafety Laboratory, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Marion Koopmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chang-Wen Ke
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiolgy, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
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