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Almeldin YAR, Eldlebshany AE, Elkhalek EA, Lohakare J, Abdel-Wareth AAA. Assessment of dietary supplementation of green iron oxide nanoparticles: impact on growth performance, ammonia emissions, carcass criteria, tissue iron content, and meat quality in broiler chickens under hot climate conditions. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1393335. [PMID: 39015107 PMCID: PMC11250237 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1393335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The potential significance and importance of green iron nanoparticles (Nano-Fe) in poultry production lie in their capability to effectively tackle iron deficiency in poultry. Iron, an indispensable mineral for numerous physiological functions in birds, such as oxygen transport, energy metabolism, and immune response, underscores the critical need for adequate iron levels. Nevertheless, conventional iron supplementation methods frequently face hurdles like limited bioavailability rates in poultry. To enhance performance, and promote sustainable broiler productivity, Nano-Fe showed promise as an efficient feed supplement for broiler chickens. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of green Nano-Fe inclusions in diets on growth, ammonia excretion, carcass criteria, and meat quality in broiler chickens. Methods A total of 192 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks, were assigned to three treatment diets including Nano-Fe oxide at 0, 20, or 40 mg/kg, respectively, for 42 days. Each treatment comprised eight replicates, each with eight broiler chicks. Two phases comprised the 42-day study (0 to 21 days for the starter and 21 to 42 days for the finisher). Results In comparison to the control group, the Nano-Fe oxide groups 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg linearly improved (p < 0.05) body weight (R 2 = 0.574) and body weight gain (R 2 = 0.367) under hot climatic conditions at 42 days of age. Furthermore, Nano-Fe oxide to broiler diets, improved (linear, p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (R 2 = 0.424) throughout whole periods. The feed intake did not show any significant difference (p > 0.05) among groups during the experimental periods under hot climatic conditions. The ammonia content of excreta (R 2 = 0.454) was linearly decreased (p < 0.05) with increasing Nano-Fe oxide levels in broiler diets compared to control at 21 and 42 days of age under hot climatic conditions. Nano-Fe oxide positively influences cook loss, water-holding capacity, and iron content in various tissues. Moreover, it contributes to a healthier carcass yield and reduced abdominal fat. Conclusion In conclusion, broiler chickens fed diets containing Nano-Fe oxide at 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg demonstrated enhanced growth performance, improved meat quality, increased iron content in tissues, higher dressing percentage, and reduced abdominal fat deposition. Future research should explore the impact of green Nano-Fe oxide on additional factors such as the microbiome and gene expression related to immunity and heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousri A. R. Almeldin
- Poultry Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira E. Eldlebshany
- Poultry Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Enass Abd Elkhalek
- Poultry Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Jayant Lohakare
- Poultry Center, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, United States
| | - Ahmed A. A. Abdel-Wareth
- Poultry Center, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, United States
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Akbari Moghaddam Kakhki R, Alfonso-Carrillo C, Garcia-Ruiz AI. Comparative Impact of Hydroxychloride and Organic Sources of Manganese, Zinc, and Copper in Rearing Diets on Pullet Growth, Tibia Traits, Egg Production, and Eggshell Quality in Lohmann Brown Birds up to 50 Weeks of Age. Vet Sci 2024; 11:245. [PMID: 38921992 PMCID: PMC11209054 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11060245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study assessed the efficacy of hydroxychloride sources of zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) compared with organic sources in the rearing diets of Lohmann brown pullets, focusing on pullet performance, tibia quality, egg production, and eggshell quality. (2) Methods: A total of 120 birds (six replications and 10 birds each) received diets with Mn, Zn, and Cu from organic or hydroxychloride sources during the rearing phase. After the onset of lay, birds were fed diets containing oxide/sulfate sources up to 50 weeks of age. (3) Results: no significant differences were observed in growth performance and tibia quality during the rearing phase (p > 0.05). From 18 to 24 weeks of age, no carryover effect on egg production performance was observed. However, from 25-50 weeks, pullets fed hydroxychloride sources showed lower feed intake and egg mass compared to the organic group (p < 0.05), whereas egg production and eggshell quality remained similar between groups (p > 0.05). (4) Conclusions: These findings suggest the potential of hydroxychloride sources in rearing diets without compromising overall growth in the pullet phase and feed efficiency in the laying cycle.
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Alharbi K, Asnayanti A, Do ADT, Perera R, Al-Mitib L, Shwani A, Rebollo MA, Kidd MT, Alrubaye AAK. Identifying Dietary Timing of Organic Trace Minerals to Reduce the Incidence of Osteomyelitis Lameness in Broiler Chickens Using the Aerosol Transmission Model. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1526. [PMID: 38891572 PMCID: PMC11171233 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Our prior research demonstrated a 20% to 25% reduction in bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) lameness in broilers with organic Zn, Mn, and Cu (Availa® ZMC) supplementation. Expanding on this, we investigated the optimal timing for Availa® ZMC feeding to mitigate BCO lameness and reduce feed additive costs in the poultry industry. In this study, we compared the application of 0.15% Availa® ZMC for 56 days, the first 28 days, and the last 28 days. The experimental design was a randomized block design involving 1560 one-day-old chicks distributed across two wire-floor pens as BCO source infection and four treatment groups with six replicates. The source of BCO infection exhibited a cumulative lameness incidence of 83%, whereas the negative control group showed a 77% cumulative incidence of lameness (p = 0.125). Administering 0.15% of Availa® ZMC during the initial 28 d resulted in a 41.3% reduction in BCO incidence, significantly different from the supplementation during the last 28 d (p < 0.05). However, this reduction did not differ substantially (p > 0.05) from the 56d application period. Hence, administering 0.15% Availa® ZMC during the first four weeks emerges as the optimal timing protocol, providing a defense against lameness comparable to the continuous supplementation throughout the complete production duration. Implementing this feeding approach reduces the cost of feed additive, promotes the health of skeletal bones, and effectively protects against BCO lameness in broilers, offering a valuable consideration for producers seeking optimal outcomes in the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawla Alharbi
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (K.A.); (A.A.); (A.D.T.D.); (R.P.); (L.A.-M.)
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Andi Asnayanti
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (K.A.); (A.A.); (A.D.T.D.); (R.P.); (L.A.-M.)
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
- National Agency of Drug and Food Control, Jakarta 10520, Indonesia
| | - Anh Dang Trieu Do
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (K.A.); (A.A.); (A.D.T.D.); (R.P.); (L.A.-M.)
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Ruvindu Perera
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (K.A.); (A.A.); (A.D.T.D.); (R.P.); (L.A.-M.)
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Layla Al-Mitib
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (K.A.); (A.A.); (A.D.T.D.); (R.P.); (L.A.-M.)
| | - Abdulkarim Shwani
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30605, USA;
| | | | - Michael T. Kidd
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Adnan Ali Khalaf Alrubaye
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (K.A.); (A.A.); (A.D.T.D.); (R.P.); (L.A.-M.)
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
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Han X, Kong J, Zheng C, Yan X, Qiu T, Chen Z, Zhang H. The effects of a mixture of small peptide chelating minerals and inorganic minerals on the production performance and tissue deposition of broiler chickens. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1380911. [PMID: 38706756 PMCID: PMC11066274 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1380911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the limited bioavailability of inorganic trace minerals, their utilization in poultry production has led to problems such as environmental contamination and inefficient resource utilization. It was investigated whether replacing inorganic trace minerals (ITM) with a blend of organic small peptide-chelated trace minerals (MIX) would improve production performance, selected biochemical parameters, antioxidant capacity, mineral deposition in liver, heart, and tibia, as well as mineral content in feces of broilers. A total of 432 healthy 21-day-old 817 broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates per group and 18 chickens per replicate. The control group received a basal diet supplemented with 1,000 mg/kg of inorganic trace minerals as sulfate. The experimental groups received basal diets supplemented with 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg of mixed trace mineral elements (50% sulfate +50% small peptide-chelate) for a trial period of 30 days, divided into two stages: 21-35 days and 36-50 days. The results indicate that on the 50th day, compared with the 1,000 mg/kg ITM group, the levels of serum cholesterol, urea nitrogen, and malondialdehyde in the 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg MIX groups decreased (p < 0.01), while the levels of serum glutathione peroxidase in the 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg MIX groups increased (p < 0.05). Compared to the ITM group, the addition of organic small peptide chelated trace minerals mixed with inorganic trace minerals can reduce the levels of zinc and manganese in feces (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the iron content in the heart and tibia of the 600 mg/kg MIX group also significantly decreased (p < 0.05). There were no differences in growth performance and slaughter performance among the groups (p > 0.05). This study shows that replacing inorganic minerals with low-dose MIX (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg) can reduce the levels of zinc and manganese in feces, with no negative impact on growth and slaughter performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Han
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Wen’s Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China
| | - Jing Kong
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Chaojun Zheng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Xia Yan
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Qiu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- Foshan Guangmuxing Feed Co., Ltd., Foshan, China
| | - Huihua Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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Bakhshalinejad R, Torrey S, Kiarie EG. Comparative efficacy of hydroxychloride and organic sources of zinc, copper, and manganese on egg production and concentration of trace minerals in eggs, plasma, and excreta in female broiler breeders from 42 to 63 weeks of age. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103522. [PMID: 38350392 PMCID: PMC10875615 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Comparative efficacy of hydroxychloride (HC) and organic (OR) sources of Zn, Cu and Mn on performance of broiler breeders (BB) between 42 and 63 weeks of age (WOA) was investigated. A total of 408 ♀ Ross 708 and 48 ♂ Yield Plus cockerels were placed in pens (17 ♀ and 2 ♂) housed in 2 rooms (12 pens/room) and allocated to one of 2 diets in a completely randomized block design (n=12). The diets had similar nutrient specifications but differed in Zn, Cu, and Mn sources: 1) HO, a blend of 80% HC and 20% OR sources, and 2) OR, 100% OR sources. Birds were fed and managed according to breeder guidelines. The egg count was recorded daily and categorized as normal or abnormal. Egg yolk color, albumen height, Haugh unit, eggshell thickness, and eggshell breaking strength were assessed every 4 wk. Individual hen body weight (BW) was recorded at 5-wk intervals to determine BW uniformity. At 52 and 63 WOA, the eggs and excreta samples were collected. At the end of the trial, 4 hens per pen were bled for plasma concentration of trace minerals and organs (liver, gizzard, spleen, kidney, and thymus) weight. There were no interactions between source and age on any parameters (P > 0.05). There were no main effects of source on egg production, eggshell quality, BW, and organs weight (P > 0.05). Hens fed HO diets had darker yolk compared to those fed OR diets (P = 0.014). The concentration of Zn in the eggs of OR BB was higher (P = 0.022) than for HO birds. However, there were no dietary effects on the concentration of trace minerals in the egg, plasma, and excreta (P > 0.05). The results indicated that a mixture of HC and O as sources for Zn, Cu, and Mn was as effective as OR sources in supporting egg production, egg quality, and trace mineral utilization in broiler breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Bakhshalinejad
- Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Stephanie Torrey
- Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; Trouw Nutrition North America, Puslinch, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elijah G Kiarie
- Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Qi J, Gan L, Huang F, Xie Y, Guo H, Cui H, Deng J, Gou L, Cai D, Pan C, Lu X, Shah AM, Fang J, Zuo Z. Multi-omics reveals that alkaline mineral water improves the respiratory health and growth performance of transported calves. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:48. [PMID: 38454496 PMCID: PMC10921756 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01742-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-distance transportation, a frequent practice in the cattle industry, stresses calves and results in morbidity, mortality, and growth suppression, leading to welfare concerns and economic losses. Alkaline mineral water (AMW) is an electrolyte additive containing multiple mineral elements and shows stress-mitigating effects on humans and bovines. RESULTS Here, we monitored the respiratory health status and growth performance of 60 Simmental calves subjected to 30 hours of road transportation using a clinical scoring system. Within the three days of commingling before the transportation and 30 days after the transportation, calves in the AMW group (n = 30) were supplied with AMW, while calves in the Control group (n = 29) were not. On three specific days, namely the day before transportation (day -3), the 30th day (day 30), and the 60th day (day 60) after transportation, sets of venous blood, serum, and nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from 20 calves (10 from each group) for routine blood testing, whole blood transcriptomic sequencing, serology detection, serum untargeted metabolic sequencing, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The field data showed that calves in the AMW group displayed lower rectal temperatures (38.967 ℃ vs. 39.022 ℃; p = 0.004), respiratory scores (0.079 vs. 0.144; p < 0.001), appetite scores (0.024 vs. 0.055; p < 0.001), ocular and ear scores (0.185 vs. 0.338; p < 0.001), nasal discharge scores (0.143 vs. 0.241; p < 0.001), and higher body weight gains (30.870 kg vs. 7.552 kg; p < 0.001). The outcomes of laboratory and high throughput sequencing data revealed that the calves in the AMW group demonstrated higher cellular and humoral immunities, antioxidant capacities, lower inflammatory levels, and intestinal absorption and lipogenesis on days -3 and 60. The nasopharynx 16S rRNA gene microbiome analysis revealed the different composition and structure of the nasopharyngeal microflora in the two groups of calves on day 30. Joint analysis of multi-omics revealed that on days -3 and 30, bile secretion was a shared pathway enriched by differentially expressed genes and metabolites, and there were strong correlations between the differentially expressed metabolites and the main genera in the nasopharynx. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that AMW supplementation enhances peripheral immunity, nutrition absorption, and metabolic processes, subsequently affecting the nasopharyngeal microbiota and improving the respiratory health and growth performance of transported calves. This investigation provided a practical approach to mitigate transportation stress and explored its underlying mechanisms, which are beneficial for the development of the livestock industry. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Linli Gan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Fangyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongrui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hengmin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Liping Gou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Dongjie Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunhui Pan
- Sichuan Hannover Biological Technology Co. Ltd, Deyang, 618000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Lu
- Beijing Jnnail Biological Technology Co. Ltd, Daxing, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Ali Mujtaba Shah
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Aparecida Martins R, de Almeida Assunção AS, Cavalcante Souza Vieira J, Campos Rocha L, Michelin Groff Urayama P, Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf M, Roberto Sartori J, de Magalhães Padilha P. Metalloproteomic analysis of liver proteins isolated from broilers fed with different sources and levels of copper and manganese. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4883. [PMID: 38418503 PMCID: PMC10902370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55478-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Supplementing minerals beyond dietary requirements can increase the risk of toxicity and mineral excretion, making the selection of more bioavailable sources crucial. Thus, this work aimed to use metalloproteomics tools to investigate possible alterations in the hepatic proteome of broilers fed with diets containing two sources (sulfate and hydroxychloride) and two levels of copper (15 and 150 ppm) and manganese (80 and 120 ppm), totaling four treatments: low Cu/Mn SO4, high Cu/Mn SO4, low Cu/Mn (OH)Cl and high Cu/Mn (OH)Cl. The difference in abundance of protein spots and copper and manganese concentrations in liver and protein pellets were analyzed by analysis of variance with significance level of 5%. The Cu and Mn concentrations determined in liver and protein pellets suggested greater bioavailability of hydroxychloride sources. We identified 19 Cu-associated proteins spots, 10 Mn-associated protein spots, and 5 Cu and/or Mn-associated protein spots simultaneously. The analysis also indicated the induction of heat shock proteins and detoxification proteins in broilers fed with high levels of copper and manganese, suggesting the involvement of these proteins in metal tolerance and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Aparecida Martins
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leone Campos Rocha
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Roberto Sartori
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Almeldin YAR, Eldlebshany AE, Elkhalek EA, Abdel-Wareth AAA, Lohakare J. The effect of combining green iron nanoparticles and algae on the sustainability of broiler production under heat stress conditions. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1359213. [PMID: 38450028 PMCID: PMC10915037 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1359213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Natural feed additives in broiler feed contribute to the overall health, productivity, and economic viability of broiler chickens while meeting consumer demands and preferences for natural products. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of green iron nanoparticles (Nano-Fe) and Halimeda opuntia supplementation in broiler diets on performance, ammonia excretion in excreta, Fe retention in tissues and serum, carcass criteria, and meat quality under hot environmental conditions. Methods A total of 256 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to one of four feeding treatments for 42 days. Each treatment had eight replications, with eight chicks per replicate. The treatments were Negative control (CON), positive control (POS) supplemented with 1 g/kg Halimeda opuntia as a carrier, POS + 20 mg/kg Nano-Fe (NFH1), POS + 40 mg/kg Nano-Fe (NFH2). Results When compared to CON and POS, dietary Nano-Fe up to 40 mg/kg enhanced (p < 0.001) growth performance in terms of body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Nano-Fe had the highest BWG and the most efficient FCR (linear, p < 0.01, and quadratic, p < 0.01) compared to POS. Without affecting internal organs, the addition of Nano-Fe and POS enhanced dressing and reduced (p < 0.001) abdominal fat compared to control (CON). Notably, the water-holding capacity of breast and leg meat was higher (p < 0.001), and cooking loss was lower in broilers given Nano-Fe and POS diets against CON. In comparison to POS, the ammonia content in excreta dropped linearly as green Nano-Fe levels increased. When compared to CON, increasing levels of Nano-Fe levels boosted Fe content in the breast, leg, liver, and serum. The birds fed on POS showed better performance than the birds fed on CON. Conclusion Green Nano-Fe up to 40 mg/kg fed to broiler diets using 1 g/kg Halimeda opuntia as a carrier or in single can be utilized as an efficient feed supplement for increasing broiler performance, Fe retentions, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and reducing ammonia excretions, under hot conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousri A. R. Almeldin
- Poultry Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira E. Eldlebshany
- Poultry Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Enass Abd Elkhalek
- Poultry Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. A. Abdel-Wareth
- Poultry Center, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A and M University, Prairie View, TX, United States
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Jayant Lohakare
- Poultry Center, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A and M University, Prairie View, TX, United States
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Fatima A, Zaheer T, Pal K, Abbas RZ, Akhtar T, Ali S, Mahmood MS. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Significant Role in Poultry and Novel Toxicological Mechanisms. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:268-290. [PMID: 37060542 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03651-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have involved a lot of consideration owing to their distinctive features. The ZnO NPs can be described as particularly synthesized mineral salts via nanotechnology, varying in size from 1 to 100 nm, while zinc oxide (ZnO), it is an inorganic substrate of zinc (Zn). The Zn is a critical trace element necessary for various biological and physiological processes in the body. Studies have revealed ZnO NPs' efficient immuno-modulatory, growth-promoting, and antimicrobial properties in poultry birds. They offer increased bioavailability as compared to their traditional sources, producing better results in terms of productivity and welfare and consequently reducing ecological harm in the poultry sector. However, they have also been reported for their toxicological effects, which are size, shape, concentration, and exposure route dependent. The investigations done so far have yielded inconsistent results, therefore, a lot of additional studies and research are required to clarify the harmful consequences of ZnO NPs and to bring them to a logical end. This review explores an overview of efficient possible role of ZnO NPs, while comparing them with other nutritional Zn sources, in the poultry industry, primarily as dietary supplements that effect the growth, health, and performance of the birds. In addition to the anti-bacterial mechanisms of ZnO NPs and their promising role as antifungal, and anti-colloidal agent, this paper also covers the toxicological mechanisms of ZnO NPs and their consequent toxicological hazards to vital organs and the reproductive system of poultry birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjmand Fatima
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tean Zaheer
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kaushik Pal
- University Center for Research and Development (UCRD), Department of Physics, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Gharuan, Punjab, 140413, India.
| | - Rao Zahid Abbas
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Tayyaba Akhtar
- KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sub-Campus UVAS-Lahore, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Sultan Ali
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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10
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Martins RA, Assunção ASDA, Vieira JCS, Rocha LC, Urayama PMG, Buzalaf MAR, Sartori JR, Padilha PDM. Proteomic Study of Broiler Plasma Supplemented with Different Levels of Copper and Manganese from Different Sources. Molecules 2023; 28:8155. [PMID: 38138643 PMCID: PMC10745542 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the differential expression of plasma proteins in broiler chickens supplemented with different sources (sulfates and hydroxychlorides) and levels of copper (15 and 150 mg kg-1) and manganese (80 and 120 mg kg-1). For this, plasma samples from 40 broiler chickens were used, divided into four experimental groups: S15-80 (15 ppm CuSO4 and 80 ppm MnSO4), S150-120 (150 ppm CuSO4 and 120 ppm MnSO4), H15-80 (15 ppm Cu(OH)Cl and 80 ppm Mn(OH)Cl), and H150-120 (150 ppm Cu(OH)Cl and 120 ppm Mn(OH)Cl). From plasma samples obtained from each bird from the same treatment, four pools were made considering 10 birds per group. Plasma proteome fractionation was performed by 2D-PAGE. Concentrations of the studied minerals were also evaluated in both plasma and protein pellet samples. A higher concentration of Cu and Mn was observed in the plasma and protein pellets of groups that received higher mineral supplementation levels compared to those receiving lower levels. Mn concentrations were higher in plasma and protein pellets of the hydroxychloride-supplemented groups than the sulfate-supplemented groups. Analysis of the gels revealed a total of 40 differentially expressed spots among the four treatments. Supplementation with different sources of minerals, particularly at higher levels, resulted in changes in protein regulation, suggesting a potential imbalance in homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Aparecida Martins
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil; (R.A.M.); (A.S.d.A.A.); (L.C.R.); (P.M.G.U.); (J.R.S.)
| | - Andrey Sávio de Almeida Assunção
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil; (R.A.M.); (A.S.d.A.A.); (L.C.R.); (P.M.G.U.); (J.R.S.)
| | | | - Leone Campos Rocha
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil; (R.A.M.); (A.S.d.A.A.); (L.C.R.); (P.M.G.U.); (J.R.S.)
| | - Priscila Michelin Groff Urayama
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil; (R.A.M.); (A.S.d.A.A.); (L.C.R.); (P.M.G.U.); (J.R.S.)
| | | | - José Roberto Sartori
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil; (R.A.M.); (A.S.d.A.A.); (L.C.R.); (P.M.G.U.); (J.R.S.)
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11
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Guo C, Wang X, Dai D, Kong F, Wang S, Sun X, Li S, Xu X, Zhang L. Effects of alkaline mineral complex supplementation on production performance, serum variables, and liver transcriptome in calves. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1282055. [PMID: 38125683 PMCID: PMC10730931 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1282055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Calf diarrhea causes huge economic losses to livestock due to its high incidence and mortality rates. Alkaline mineral complex water is an alkaline solution containing silicon, sodium, potassium, zinc, and germanium, and has biological benefits and therapeutic effects. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of alkaline mineral complex water supplementation on the health of calves and to investigate the effect of Alkaline mineral complex water supplementation on neonatal calf serum variables and the liver transcriptome. Sixty Holstein calves (age 1.88 ± 0.85 days, weight 36.63 ± 3.34 kg) were selected and randomly divided into two groups: the T group (treatment group with alkaline mineral complex water supplemented during the experiment) and C group (control group without alkaline mineral complex water supplementation). Alkaline mineral complex water supplementation significantly increased the body weight for calves aged 60 d and average daily gain during the experimental period (1-60 d). In addition, Alkaline mineral complex water supplementation could significantly decrease the diarrhea rate for calves aged 16-30 d, enhance the T-AOC, IgG, IGF-1, and IGFBP-2 in concentrations. The results of KEGG enrichment analysis in transcriptomics indicate that Alkaline mineral complex water supplementation inhibited the target IL-1B gene of the NF-kappa B signaling pathway of liver. Alkaline mineral complex water supplementation decreased calf diarrhea and improved partial immune function, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant capacity, and health of calves. Alkaline mineral complex is a candidate to replace medicated feed additives. Alkaline mineral complex waterAlkaline mineral complex waterAlkaline mineral complex waterAlkaline mineral complex waterAlkaline mineral complex waterAlkaline mineral complex waterAlkaline mineral complex water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Dongwen Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fanlin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoge Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengli Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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12
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Al-Sagheer AA, Abdel-Rahman G, Elsisi GF, Ayyat MS. Comparative effects of supplementary different copper forms on performance, protein efficiency, digestibility of nutrients, immune function and architecture of liver and kidney in growing rabbits. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:2240-2250. [PMID: 35732045 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2084746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The various sources of supplemented copper had a different impact on the animal performance based on their bioavailability. The current study compared the effects of supplementary copper oxide (CuO), copper acetate (Cu-acetate) and copper nanoparticles (Cu-NP) on performance, immune function, nutrients digestibility and architecture of the liver and kidney of growing rabbits for eight weeks. Sixty rabbits (581 ± 6.56 g) were randomly allocated to four treatments as follows: basal diet, 100 mg copper/kg diet as CuO, 100 mg copper/kg diet as Cu-acetate and 50 mg copper/kg diet as Cu-NP. Cu-acetate and Cu-NP improved specific growth rate, final weight and daily weight gain. Cu-NP supplementation had higher feed intake, feed conversion, protein efficiency, hematocrit and hemoglobin values compared with other copper forms. All copper sources showed higher levels of serum complement component 3, Immunoglobulin M, lysozyme activity and the digestibility of nitrogen-free extract, dry matter and organic matter. As a result, increased nutritive values were detected when the rabbits were fed copper-supplemented diets. No liver and kidney architecture alterations were identified between the experimental groups. In conclusion, both dietary Cu-NP and Cu-acetate were more efficient than CuO in enhancing growth and seem promising in fattening rabbit nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adham A Al-Sagheer
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Gamal Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Gihan F Elsisi
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Ayyat
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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13
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Cao J, Guo Y, Luo X, Ge C, Hu Z, Wu L, Lv Y, Lin G, Yu D, Liu B. Interactions between enzyme preparations and trace element sources on growth performance and intestinal health of broiler chicks. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103124. [PMID: 37922857 PMCID: PMC10651683 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to explore the interactions between enzyme preparations and trace element sources on growth performance and intestinal health of broilers chicks. A total of 480 one-day-old healthy male yellow-feather broilers with similar weight were randomly arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design with 2 kinds of compound trace element sources (inorganic [I] and organic [O] trace element supplemented with 80, 8, 60, 40, 0.15 mg/kg of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Se, respectively) and 2 levels of enzyme preparations (0 and 200 mg/kg). The 4 groups named I, O, IE, and OE with 6 replicates and 20 birds per replicate. The trail lasted for 28 days. Results showed that the average weight (ABW), average daily gain (ADG) of broilers in IE and OE groups significantly increased while the F/G significantly decreased as compared with group I and O (P < 0.05). Enzyme preparation supplementation, regardless of the trace element sources, significantly increased the duodenal and jejunal endogenous enzyme (e.g., Try and AACT) activity, and improved the morphology and jejunal barrier function evidenced by the increased villus height and MUC-2 mRNA expression (P < 0.05). Sequencing data manifested that enzyme preparations favorably modulated the cecal microflora by increasing bacterial diversity and abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria (e.g., Anaerostipes, Anaerofusis, and Pygmaioactor), while decreasing the abundance of harmful bacteria (e.g., Desulfovibrio). Factorial analysis indicated that there were no interactions between enzyme preparation and trace element sources on growth performance and intestinal health of broiler chicks. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with enzyme preparations, regardless of the trace element sources, could enhance endogenous enzyme activity, improve intestinal morphology and barrier functions, and favorably modulate the cecal microflora, thereby improving the intestinal health and growth performance of broiler chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuai Cao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanshan Guo
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Xinyu Luo
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chaoyue Ge
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhaoying Hu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lianchi Wu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yujie Lv
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Gang Lin
- Research Department, Alltech, Beijing 100600, China
| | - Dongyou Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Xie Y, Li J, Liu D, Wu B, Zhao H, Liu G, Tian G, Cai J, Wu C, Tang J, Jia G. Dietary ethylenediamine dihydroiodide improves intestinal health in Cherry Valley ducks. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103022. [PMID: 37639753 PMCID: PMC10477681 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of ethylenediamine dihydroiodide (EDDI) on the growth performance, thyroid function, immune function, intestinal development, intestinal permeability, intestinal barrier functions and microbial characteristics of Cherry Valley ducks. The results showed that the addition of EDDI significantly increased body weight, average daily gain, serum level of lymphocytes, basophils, triiodothyronine, thyroxine and thyrotropin, villus height, and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, and significantly decreased crypt depth, diamine oxidase, serum D-Lactic acid of ducks (P < 0.05). EDDI also significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1, zonula occludens-2, zonula occludens-3, mucin 2, secretory immunoglobulin A, interleukin-10 and avian β-defensin 2 in the jejunum and ileum (P < 0.05), and down-regulated the mRNA expression of occludin and interleukin-6 in the jejunum and ileum. Additionally, the addition of EDDI significantly increased cecal level of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid (P < 0.05). Cecal microbiome analysis indicated that the addition of EDDI significantly increased the relative abundance of these microorganisms that can produce short-chain fatty acids, mainly including Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Clostridiales and Lactobacillales, and decreased the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria Deferribactere. Interestingly, triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels were highly positively correlated with the relative abundance of Actinobacteria. These results revealed that the addition of EDDI could promote the growth and development of meat ducks by improving their thyroid function, immune function, intestinal development and intestinal barrier functions of ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqin Xie
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Dongyun Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Sichuan Jilongda Co., Ltd, Mianyang, Sichuan, 618000, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Caimei Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jiayong Tang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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Byrne L, Ross S, Taylor-Pickard J, Murphy R. The Effect of Organic Trace Mineral Supplementation in the Form of Proteinates on Performance and Sustainability Parameters in Laying Hens: A Meta-Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3132. [PMID: 37835739 PMCID: PMC10571535 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of supplementing organic trace minerals (OTM), in the form of mineral proteinates (Bioplex® Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY, USA), in the diets of laying hens was examined using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) statistical software. The impact on production performance, egg quality traits, and sustainability parameters related to the carbon footprint of egg production was assessed. Data were obtained from 32 global studies, comprising 107 dietary assessments of 30,992 laying hens. Overall pooled effect size (raw mean difference) of production performance when dietary organic trace minerals were supplemented either in basal diets, partial replacement of inorganic trace minerals (ITM), or total replacement of ITM, indicated that use of Bioplex minerals resulted in 2.07% higher hen-day production (HDP), whilst feed conversion ratio (FCR) was lower by 51.28 g feed/kg egg and 22.82 g feed/dozen eggs, respectively. For egg quality traits, daily egg mass was 0.50 g/hen/day higher and egg weight was 0.48 g per egg greater when Bioplex minerals were incorporated in the diet. The mean difference in egg loss was -0.62%. Eggshell thickness was greater by 0.01 mm, and a higher eggshell strength of 0.14 kgf was observed. Eggshell weight was heavier by 0.20 g, eggshell percentage was higher by 0.15%, and Haugh unit was 1 point higher (0.89). We also carried out a meta-regression of the effects of the study factors (location, year of study, hen breed/strain, age of hens, number of hens, and study duration) on the overall pooled effect size of the production performance and egg quality traits in response to supplementary OTM inclusion, and it indicated that certain factors had a significant (p < 0.05) impact on the results. Finally, a life cycle assessment (LCA) model was selected to evaluate the impact of feeding organic trace mineral proteinates on the carbon footprint (feed and total emission intensities) of the egg production using the data generated from the meta-analysis. Results showed that the inclusion of OTM proteinates resulted in an average drop in feed and total emission intensities per kg eggs of 2.40% and 2.50%, respectively, for a low-global-warming-potential (GWP) diet and a drop of 2.40% and 2.48% for feed and total emissions, respectively, based on high-GWP diet. Based on the overall results, the inclusion of organic trace mineral proteinates in layer diets can benefit production performance and egg quality traits while contributing to a lower carbon footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurann Byrne
- Alltech Biotechnology Centre, Summerhill Road, A86 X006 Dunboyne, Ireland (R.M.)
| | - Stephen Ross
- Alltech E-CO2, Ryhall Road, Stamford PE9 1TZ, UK
| | - Jules Taylor-Pickard
- Alltech Biotechnology Centre, Summerhill Road, A86 X006 Dunboyne, Ireland (R.M.)
| | - Richard Murphy
- Alltech Biotechnology Centre, Summerhill Road, A86 X006 Dunboyne, Ireland (R.M.)
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16
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Chen J, Zhao BC, Dai XY, Xu YR, Kang JX, Li JL. Drinking alkaline mineral water confers diarrhea resistance in maternally separated piglets by maintaining intestinal epithelial regeneration via the brain-microbe-gut axis. J Adv Res 2023; 52:29-43. [PMID: 36539076 PMCID: PMC10555785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diarrhea has the fourth-highest mortality rate of all diseases and causes a large number of infant deaths each year. The maternally separated (MS) piglet (newly weaned piglet) is an excellent model to investigate the treatment of diarrhea in infants. Drinking alkaline mineral water has the potential to be therapeutic in gastrointestinal disorders, particularly diarrhea, but the supporting evidence from system studies and the mechanisms involved have yet to be reported. OBJECTIVES This study aims to determine whether drinking alkaline mineral water confers diarrhea resistance in MS piglets under weaning stress and what the fundamental mechanisms involved are. METHODS MS piglets were used to create a stress-induced intestinal disorder-diarrhea susceptibility model. A total of 240 MS piglets were randomly divided into two groups (6 pens/group and 20 piglets/pen). IPEC-J2 cell line was used for in vitro evaluation. An alkaline mineral complex (AMC) water was employed, and its effect on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, gut microbes, gut morphology, and intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) proliferation and differentiation were investigated using a variety of experimental methodology. RESULTS AMC water reduced diarrhea rate in MS piglets by inhibiting the HPA axis, ameliorating gut microbiota structure, and stimulating IEC proliferation and differentiation. Apparently, the brain-microbe-gut axis is linked with AMC water conferring diarrhea resistance in piglets. Mechanistically, AMC water decreased stress hormones (COR and Hpt) secretion by suppressing HPA axis, which then increased the abundance of beneficial gut microbes; accordingly, maintained the proliferation of IEC and promoted the differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISC) into goblet cell and Paneth cell by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In the absence of gut microbiota (in vitro), AMC activated the LPS-induced Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibition in IPEC-J2 cells and significantly increased the number of Lgr5 + cells, whereas had no effect on IPEC-J2 differentiation. CONCLUSION Drinking alkaline mineral water confers diarrhea resistance in MS piglets by maintaining intestinal epithelial regeneration via the brain-microbe-gut axis; thus, this study provides a potential prevention strategy for young mammals at risk of diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Bi-Chen Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xue-Yan Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Ya-Ru Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jian-Xun Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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Mohamed ASA, Abd El Latif MA, Hussein EAM, Toson EMA, Saleh M, Kokoszynski D, Elnesr SS, Mohany M, Al-Rejaie SS, Elwan H. Efficacy of Dietary Supplementation with Zinc-Chromium Mixture, Organic Selenium, or Their Combinations on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, and Blood Profiles of Broilers under Heat Stress Conditions. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2539. [PMID: 37570347 PMCID: PMC10416910 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the effects of organic selenium (0.0-0.6 mg and 0.9 mg Se/Kg diet) and Zn-Cr mixture (100 mg Zn/Kg diet plus 1.5 mg Cr/Kg diet) on broiler chicken performance, carcass traits, blood hematology, and biochemistry under heat stress conditions, this study was conducted. Under temperatures between 30.21 to 31.82 °C, 240 broiler chickens (Ross-308), which were 7-day-old, were randomly assigned to one of six treatments: T1 (control), T2 (100 mg Zn per kg of diet and 1.5 mg Cr per kg of diet), T3 (0.6 mg Se per kg of diet), T4 (0.9 mg Se per kg of diet), T5 (100 mg Zn, 1.5 mg Cr and (LSe), and T6 (100 mg Zn, 1.5 mg Cr and (HSe)). At 35 days old, the chicks fed a diet containing Zn-Cr with low or high organic selenium (organic-Se) outweighed the control group in terms of live body weight, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05). In comparison to the control treatment, birds fed diets supplemented with Zn-Cr or organic-Se (LSe, HSe) significantly increased their serum levels of total protein and total antioxidant capacity. However, these additives resulted in a decrease (p < 0.01) in their serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, creatinine, and uric acid. Together, it was found that trace elements (Zn-Cr and organic-Se) may greatly lessen the impacts of heat stress on broilers by promoting growth performance and boosting metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhameed S. A. Mohamed
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, EL-Minya 61519, Egypt; (A.S.A.M.); (M.A.A.E.L.); (E.M.A.T.)
| | - Maha A. Abd El Latif
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, EL-Minya 61519, Egypt; (A.S.A.M.); (M.A.A.E.L.); (E.M.A.T.)
| | - Eman A. M. Hussein
- Department of Poultry and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shibin El-Kom 32514, Egypt;
| | - Enas M. A. Toson
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, EL-Minya 61519, Egypt; (A.S.A.M.); (M.A.A.E.L.); (E.M.A.T.)
| | - Mohamed Saleh
- Department of Poultry Production, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt;
| | - Dariusz Kokoszynski
- Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85084 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Shaaban S. Elnesr
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed Mohany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.); (S.S.A.-R.)
| | - Salim S. Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.); (S.S.A.-R.)
| | - Hamada Elwan
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, EL-Minya 61519, Egypt; (A.S.A.M.); (M.A.A.E.L.); (E.M.A.T.)
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Yu H, Xie Y, Wu B, Zhao H, Chen X, Tian G, Liu G, Cai J, Jia G. Dietary supplementation of ferrous glycinate improves intestinal barrier function by modulating microbiota composition in Cherry Valley ducks. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 11:264-275. [PMID: 36263405 PMCID: PMC9556796 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ferrous glycinate (Fe-Gly) has been increasingly used as iron fortification in the diets of weaned piglets and broilers, but the effect of Fe-Gly on intestinal barrier function in meat ducks has not been well defined. This study therefore investigated the effect of Fe-Gly on apparent nutrient utilization, hematological indices, intestinal morphological parameters, intestinal barrier function and microbial composition in meat ducks. A total of 672 one-day-old Cherry Valley ducks were randomly divided into 6 treatments (8 replicates for each treatment and 14 ducks for each replicate) and fed diets with 0 (control), 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg/kg Fe-Gly or 120 mg/kg FeSO4 for 35 d. The results showed that diets supplemented with Fe-Gly significantly increased average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), hematocrit (HCT), mean cell volume (MCV), the apparent utilization of dry matter (DM) and metabolizable energy (ME), villus height (VH) and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (V:C) (P < 0.05). Fe-Gly also significantly up-regulated barrier-related genes including zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), zonula occludens-2 (ZO-2), mucin 2 (MUC2) and lysozyme (LYZ) (P < 0.05), and down-regulated the mRNA expression of claudin-2 (CLDN2) and occludin (OCLN) in the jejunum (P < 0.05). The 16S rRNA sequence analysis indicated that the diet with Fe-Gly had a higher relative abundance of Intestinimonas and Romboutsia (P < 0.05), which have an ability to produce short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially butyric acid. It also decreased the relative abundance of pathobiont, including Megamonas, Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group and Plebeius (P < 0.05). Additionally, diets supplemented with 120 mg/kg Fe-Gly significantly increased the apparent utilization of DM and ME (P < 0.05) and decreased the relative abundance of Megamonas_unclassified and Bacteroides_unclassified compared with those fed 120 mg/kg FeSO4 (P < 0.05). These results revealed that diets supplemented with Fe-Gly exerted a potent beneficial effect on physical, chemical, immune and microbial barriers, thereby improving the integrity of the intestinal structure, promoting the digestion and absorption of nutrients to a certain extent, and ultimately elevating the growth performance of ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yueqin Xie
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Chelota Group, Guanghan, 618300, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
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Kuter E, Cengiz Ö, Köksal BH, Sevim Ö, Tatlı O, Ahsan U, Güven G, Önol AG, Bilgili SF. Litter quality and incidence and severity of footpad dermatitis in heat stressed broiler chickens fed supplemental zinc. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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20
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Shurson GC, Urriola PE, Hung YT. Too Much of a Good Thing: Rethinking Feed Formulation and Feeding Practices for Zinc in Swine Diets to Achieve One Health and Environmental Sustainability. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233374. [PMID: 36496895 PMCID: PMC9739216 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this review were to summarize current knowledge of Zn in swine nutrition, environmental concerns, potential contribution to antimicrobial resistance, and explore the use of alternative feeding strategies to reduce Zn excretion in manure while capturing improvements in productivity. Zinc is a required nutrient for pigs but is commonly supplemented at concentrations that greatly exceed estimated requirements. Feeding pharmacological concentrations of Zn from ZnO to pigs for 1 to 2 weeks post-weaning reduces post-weaning diarrhea and improves growth performance. Feeding elevated dietary levels of Zn to sows during the last 30 days of gestation can reduce the incidence of low-birth-weight pigs and pre-weaning mortality. Most of the dietary Zn consumed by pigs is not retained in the body and is subsequently excreted in manure, which led several countries to impose regulations restricting dietary Zn concentrations to reduce environmental impacts. Although restricting Zn supplementation in swine diets is a reasonable approach for reducing environmental pollution, it does not allow capturing health and productivity benefits from strategic use of elevated dietary Zn concentrations. Therefore, we propose feeding strategies that allow strategic use of high dietary concentrations of Zn while also reducing Zn excretion in manure compared with current feeding practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald C. Shurson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Pedro E. Urriola
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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21
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Alian HA, Samy HM, Ibrahim MT, Yusuf MS, Mahmoud MMA. Nano Zinc Oxide Improves Performance, IGF-I mRNA Expression, Meat Quality, and Humeral Immune Response and Alleviates Oxidative Stress and NF-κB Immunohistochemistry of Broiler Chickens. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03494-y. [PMID: 36434422 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03494-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A 35-day trial was set to explore the effects of different dietary zinc sources on growth, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) mRNA expression, meat quality, immune response, antioxidant activity, and immunohistochemistry of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κ7B) of broiler chickens. Ross 308 broiler chicks (n = 156) were randomly assigned into four experimental groups. The G1 received the basal control diet without zinc supplementation; the G2, G3, and G4 were supplemented with zinc oxide, zinc lysine, and nano zinc oxide, respectively, at a level of 40 mg Zn/kg diet. The data revealed that nano zinc oxide linearly improved the overall growth performance parameters. Nano zinc oxide linearly elevated (P < 0.001) mRNA expression of IGF-I followed by G3. The pH value of breast muscle in G4 shows a linearly decreasing value (P < 0.001). Also, the linearly highest expressible release volume percentage and lightness (L*) value with the lowest redness (a*) value (P < 0.05) were recorded in G4 and G3. A numerical increase in the total antibody titer was recorded on the 35th day in the G3 and G4. A numerical elevation in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and a numerical reduction in the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) were recorded in the G4. The section of the liver from G4 revealed significantly very low expression of NF-κB staining. It is concluded that nano zinc oxide is considered the more trending zinc source. It had no negative effects on the health status and can be used in broiler diet premix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Alian
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Hayam M Samy
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohammed T Ibrahim
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Yusuf
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Manal M A Mahmoud
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
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22
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Li C, Huang X, Zhang X, Deng P, Chen J, Wu S, Wang H, Jiang G, Dai Q. Effects of supplementation of inorganic trace elements with organic trace elements chelated with hydroxy methionine on laying performance, egg quality, blood micronutrients, antioxidant capacity and immune function of laying ducks. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.1070018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the effects of organic trace elements chelated with hydroxy methionine (OTE-HM) in diets, which substituted inorganic trace elements, on laying performance, egg quality, blood microelement content, antioxidant capacity and immune function of laying ducks.MethodsA total of 300 healthy laying ducks at age of 30 wk were randomly divided into 5 treatments and 10 ducks per replicate. The treatments included a control group (CON) which was served with basal diet supplemented with 20 mg/kg Cu, 50 mg/kg Fe, 70 mg/kg Mn, and 70 mg/kg Zn in inorganic form, and 4 OTE-HM treated groups (OTE-HM25, OTE-HM50, OTE-HM75, OTE-HM100) which were served with basal diets supplemented with OTE-HM providing trace elements (combination of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the commercial levels, respectively.ResultsResults showed that substitution of inorganic trace elements with OTE-HM did not affect egg production, qualified egg rate, average egg weight, average daily egg mass, average daily feed intake, or feed per kg egg of laying ducks (P > 0.05). Dietary with OTE-HM did not influence eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, egg shape index, eggshell ratio, yolk ratio, albumen ratio, albumen height, and Haugh unit of the sampled eggs of ducks (P > 0.05), but increased the yolk color, compared with dietary with inorganic trace elements (P< 0.01). Moreover, the blood content of Cu of the laying ducks was significantly increased by OTE-HM compared with that in CON (P< 0.001), but the other elements in laying duck blood were not different among treatments (P > 0.05). OTE-HM (75% and 100%) significantly increased serum activities of glutathione peroxidase and Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase, and decreased serum content of malonaldehyde of laying ducks compared with those in CON (P< 0.05). OTE-HM (50%, 75%, and 100%) significantly increased the serum contents of immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A of laying ducks compared with those in CON (P< 0.05).DiscussionCollectively, replacing inorganic trace elements with 50% and 75% OTE-HM in diets did not influence the laying performance or egg quality, but improved trace element efficacy, antioxidant capacity and immune function of the laying ducks.
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23
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Kong J, Qiu T, Yan X, Wang L, Chen Z, Xiao G, Feng X, Zhang H. Effect of replacing inorganic minerals with small peptide chelated minerals on production performance, some biochemical parameters and antioxidant status in broiler chickens. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1027834. [PMID: 36330210 PMCID: PMC9623153 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1027834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the low bio-availability of inorganic trace minerals, its application in poultry production has been causing many problems such as environment pollution and waste of resources. The current study was designed to evaluate if replacing inorganic trace minerals (ITM) with small peptide chelate trace minerals (SPM) affects production performance, some biochemical parameters and antioxidant status, tibia mineral deposition, and fecal mineral content in 817 white-feathered broilers. A total of 432 broilers (21-day-old) were randomly divided into four groups with six replicates of 18 chicks each. The four groups included inorganic trace minerals group (addition of 1,000 mg/kg ITM; common practice by commercial poultry farms), three organic trace minerals groups with supplementation of 150, 300, and 500 mg/kg SPM, respectively. The experiment lasted for 30 days. The results showed that there was no significant difference in growth performance and slaughter performance among the four groups (p > 0.05). Total cholesterol in the SPM group was significantly lower than those in the ITM groups (p < 0.01). Compared with the ITM group, the serum urea nitrogen in 150 and 300 mg/kg SPM groups decreased significantly (p < 0.01). Among all SPM treatments, 300 mg/kg SPM groups had the highest serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity (p < 0.01). The activity of copper and zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) of liver in ITM group was the lowest among the four groups (p < 0.01). The catalase (CAT) activity of liver in the 150 mg/kg SPM group was significantly higher than the ITM group and 300 mg/kg SPM group (p < 0.05). Compared to the ITM group, the iron content of the tibia was significantly increased in 300 mg/kg SPM group (p < 0.05) and 500 mg/kg SPM group (p < 0.01). Compared to the ITM group, dietary supplementation with SPM significantly reduced fecal content of zinc and manganese (p < 0.01). The 150 mg/kg SPM and 300 mg/kg SPM group had significantly reduced content of iron (p < 0.05). This study demonstrated that replacing inorganic minerals with low doses of SPM (300 and 500 mg/kg) did not negatively affect growth and slaughter performance, as well as the antioxidant status of broiler chickens. In addition, SPM can also promote mineral content in the tibia and reduce mineral content in the feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Kong
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Ting Qiu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Xia Yan
- Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Guangdong Xingtengke Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing, China
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Gengsheng Xiao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Xin Feng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Huihua Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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Comprehensive Approaches of Nanoparticles for Growth Performance and Health Benefits in Poultry: An Update on the Current Scenario. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9539908. [PMID: 36164441 PMCID: PMC9509231 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9539908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Currently, providing nutritious food to all people is one of the greatest challenges due to rapid human population growth. The global poultry industry is a part of the agrifood sector playing an essential role in food insecurity by providing nutritious meat and egg sources. However, limited meat production with less nutritional value is not fulfilling the higher market demands worldwide. Researchers are focusing on nanobiotechnology by employing phytosynthesized mineral nanomaterials to improve the growth performance and nutritional status of broilers as these mineral nanoparticles are usually absorbed in greater amounts from the gastrointestinal tract and exert enhanced biological effects in the target tissues of animals with greater tissue accumulation. These mineral nanoparticles are efficiently absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and reach essential organs via blood. As a result, it enhances growth performance and nutritional value with less toxicity and tremendous bioavailability properties. In this review, the research work conducted in the recent past, on the different aspects of nanotechnology including supplementation of mineral nanoparticle in diet and their potential role in the poultry industry, has been concisely discussed.
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25
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Byrne L, Murphy RA. Relative Bioavailability of Trace Minerals in Production Animal Nutrition: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1981. [PMID: 35953970 PMCID: PMC9367456 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of dietary supplementation of animal feeds with trace minerals is irrefutable, with various forms of both organic and inorganic products commercially available. With advances in research techniques, and data obtained from both in-vitro and in-vivo studies in recent years, differences between inorganic and organic trace minerals have become more apparent. Furthermore, differences between specific organic mineral types can now be identified. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews, we carried out an extensive literature search on previously published studies detailing performance responses to trace minerals, in addition to their corresponding relative bioavailability values. This review covers four of the main trace minerals included in feed: copper, iron, manganese and zinc, and encompasses the different types of organic and inorganic products commercially available. Their impact from environmental, economic, and nutritional perspectives are discussed, along with the biological availability of various mineral forms in production animals. Species-specific sections cover ruminants, poultry, and swine. Extensive relative bioavailability tables cover values for all trace mineral products commercially available, including those not previously reviewed in earlier studies, thereby providing a comprehensive industry reference guide. Additionally, we examine reasons for variance in reported relative bioavailability values, with an emphasis on accounting for data misinterpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurann Byrne
- Alltech Bioscience Centre, Summerhill Road, Dunboyne, A86 X006 Co. Meath, Ireland
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26
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Yin D, Zhai F, Lu W, Moss AF, Kuang Y, Li F, Zhu Y, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Zhang S. Comparison of Coated and Uncoated Trace Minerals on Growth Performance, Tissue Mineral Deposition, and Intestinal Microbiota in Ducks. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:831945. [PMID: 35495727 PMCID: PMC9039745 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.831945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormally low or high levels of trace elements in poultry diets may elicit health problems associated with deficiency and toxicity, and impact poultry growth. The optimal supplement pattern of trace mineral also impacts the digestion and absorption in the body. For ducks, the limited knowledge of trace element requirements puzzled duck production. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the influence of dietary inclusions of coated and uncoated trace minerals on duck growth performance, tissue mineral deposition, serum antioxidant status, and intestinal microbiota profile. A total of 1,080 14-day-old Cherry Valley male ducks were randomly divided into six dietary treatment groups in a 2 (uncoated or coated trace minerals) × 3 (300, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg supplementation levels) factorial design. Each treatment was replicated 12 times (15 birds per replicate). Coated trace minerals significantly improved average daily gain (p < 0.05), increased Zn, Se, and Fe content of serum, liver, and muscle, increased serum antioxidant enzyme (p < 0.05) and decreased the excreta Fe, Zn, and Cu concentrations. Inclusions of 500 mg/kg of coated trace minerals had a similar effect on serum trace minerals and tissue metal ion deposition as the 1,000 mg/kg inorganic trace minerals. Higher concentrations of Lactobacillus, Sphaerochatea, Butyricimonas, and Enterococcus were found in birds fed with coated trace minerals. In conclusion, diets supplemented with coated trace minerals could reduce the risk of environmental contamination from excreted minerals without affecting performance. Furthermore, coated trace minerals may improve the bioavailability of metal ions and the colonization of probiotic microbiota to protect microbial barriers and maintain gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafei Yin
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Zhai
- Yichun Tequ Feed Company, Yichun, China
| | - Wenbiao Lu
- Fujian Syno Biotech Co., Ltd., Fuzhou, China
| | - Amy F Moss
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Fangfang Li
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yujing Zhu
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruiyang Zhang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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27
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Stokvis L, Rayner C, van Krimpen M, Kals J, Hendriks W, Kwakkel R. A Proteolytic Enzyme Treatment to Improve Ulva laetevirens and Solieria chordalis Seaweed Co-Product Digestibility, Performance and Health in Broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101777. [PMID: 35320758 PMCID: PMC8943295 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the potential use of seaweed co-products for broiler diets, this study investigates whether an enzyme treatment of seaweed co-products improves performance, in vivo digestibility and health in broilers. In total, 360 Ross 308 male broilers were fed one of 5 experimental diets: a basal diet, or a basal diet including the U. laetevirens or S. chordalis co-product, with or without proteolytic enzyme treatment of the seaweed, using 6 replicate pens of 12 birds each. The starter (d 0–13) and grower (d 14–21) diet contained 5 and 10% (w/w) seaweed product, respectively. A general linear model with contrast statements was used after model assumptions and goodness of fit were evaluated through normal distribution of residuals. Inclusion of seaweed in the broiler diets increased body weight gain (+14%; P = 0.002), and feed intake (+12%; P = 0.001) in the third week of the experiment. Birds fed the U. laetevirens compared to the S. chordalis diets had a higher body weight gain (+11%; P = 0.007), and a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR; -7%; P < 0.001). Seaweed inclusion reduced apparent pre-cecal digestibility of all nutrients (P < 0.05). Birds fed U. laetevirens vs. S. chordalis diets had a 10% reduced villus length (P < 0.001). Enzymatic treatment reduced the digestibility of most nutrients, and increased crypt depth in birds fed the U. laetevirens diets, whereas the opposite was observed for the birds fed the S. chordalis diets (Seaweed × Enzyme P = 0.035). Untreated vs. treated seaweed in the diets led to lower (−60%) plasma Interleukin-13 levels (P = 0.035). In conclusion, the proteolytic enzyme treatment of the seaweed co-products did not improve performance nor health-related parameters, and reduced digestibility of the diets. Dietary inclusion of U. laetevirens co-products did improve performance based on growth and FCR, whereas inclusion of S. chordalis did not. Inclusion of U. laetevirens in broiler diets slightly reduced duodenal villus length and crypt depth. The inflammation response was strongly reduced, specifically in birds fed the untreated U. laetevirens diet, making the U. laetevirens co-product of interest for future research.
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Güz BC, de Jong IC, Bol UE, Kemp B, van Krimpen M, Molenaar R, van den Brand H. Effects of organic macro and trace minerals in fast and slower growing broiler breeders' diet on offspring growth performance and tibia characteristics. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101647. [PMID: 34998228 PMCID: PMC8749331 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate effects of source of macro and trace minerals (inorganic vs. organic) in fast and slower growing broiler breeders' diets on egg and hatchling mineral content and on offspring tibia morphological, biophysical, and mechanical characteristics. After 10 wk feeding the breeders (at 30 wk of age), eggs were collected and incubated. Eggs and hatchlings were analysed on mineral content. Male chickens were assigned to 32 pens with 12 chickens per pen. At approximately 1,700 and 2,600 gram BW, three chickens per pen were slaughtered. Tibia characteristics were determined. Organic minerals in the broiler breeder diet resulted in higher Fe and Se concentration in the egg and in higher Se concentration in the hatchling. Despite effects of mineral source on mineral concentration in the eggs and hatchlings were limited, organic minerals in the slower-growing broiler breeder diet resulted in higher offspring BW (d 42, Δ = 115 g; P = 0.03) and advanced tibia development (higher thickness (∆ = 0.38 cm; P < 0.001), osseous volume (∆ = 5.1 cm3; P = 0.01), and mineral density (Δ = 0.13 g/cm3; P = 0.03) at 2,600 g BW), but this was not observed in fast-growing chickens. This suggests that 1) the difference in feed intake of the breeders between strains might affect offspring performance, which might indicate that current slower-growing breeder diets might be suboptimal in minerals or that transgenerational mineral availability in slower growing chickens appears to be more effective on bone development, which might be related to time available for bone development. 2) transgenerational mineral availability in offspring appears to play a role via other mechanisms than via absolute mineral concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Güz
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6700 AH, the Netherlands.
| | - I C de Jong
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6700 AH, Gelderland, the Netherlands
| | - U E Bol
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6700 AH, the Netherlands
| | - B Kemp
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6700 AH, the Netherlands
| | - M van Krimpen
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6700 AH, Gelderland, the Netherlands
| | - R Molenaar
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6700 AH, the Netherlands
| | - H van den Brand
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6700 AH, the Netherlands
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Pacheco W, Patiño D, Vargas J, Gulizia J, Macklin K, Biggs T. Effect of partial replacement of inorganic zinc and manganese with zinc methionine and manganese methionine on live performance and breast myopathies of broilers. J APPL POULTRY RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2021.100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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30
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Flores KR, Fahrenholz A, Ferket PR, Biggs TJ, Grimes JL. Effect of methionine chelated Zn and Mn and corn particle size on Large White male turkey live performance and carcass yields. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101444. [PMID: 34547618 PMCID: PMC8463767 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Most turkey research has been conducted with a regular corn particle size set through phase-feeding programs. This study's first objective was to determine the effect of increasing corn particle size through the feed phases on performance, processing yield, and feed milling energy usage in Large White commercial male turkey production. Zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) are essential microminerals for animals' healthy growth. The source in which these elements are supplied to the bird will determine their bioavailability, effect on bird growth, and subsequent environmental impact. This study's second objective was to measure both inorganic and chelated Zn and Mn sources on turkey performance, turkey carcass processing yields, and subsequent litter residues. Twelve hundred Nicolas Select male poults were randomly assigned to 48 concrete; litter-covered floor pens. The experimental design was a completely randomized block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of 2 sources of minerals (organic blend vs. inorganic) formulated to match breeder recommendations and 2 types of corn mean particle size (coarse corn [1,000-3,500 µm] vs. fine corn [276 µm]). The ASABE S319.4 standard was used to measure corn mean particle size. Bird performance, carcass processing yield, litter content of Zn and Mn, and pellet mill energy consumption were analyzed in SAS 9.4 in a mixed model. There was a reduction of pellet mill energy usage of 36% when coarse corn was added post-pelleting. Birds fed increasing coarse corn mean particle size were 250 g lighter on average in body weight (BW) than birds fed a constant control mean particle size. No difference was found in feed intake (FI) or feed conversion ratio (FCR). Birds fed methionine chelated Zn and Mn blended with inorganic mineral sources were 250 g heavier on average than birds fed only an inorganic source of minerals. In addition, feeding an organic blend of Zn and Mn resulted in greater breast meat yield. Litter from birds fed the control corn mean particle size, and inorganic minerals had a higher concentration of Zn in the litter but were not different when the chelated Zn/Mn were fed. In conclusion, increasing the corn mean particle size and adding it post pellet could save money during feed milling; however, birds might have a slightly lower BW. A combination of inorganic and chelated Zn and Mn may improve performance and increase total breast meat yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Flores
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608, USA
| | - A Fahrenholz
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608, USA
| | - P R Ferket
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608, USA
| | - T J Biggs
- Global Animal Products, Inc. Amarillo, TX 79118, USA
| | - J L Grimes
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608, USA.
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Lei XJ, Liu ZZ, Wang QL, Wang DD, Wang MY, Yao JH, Kim IH. Evaluation of potentiated zinc oxide as a source of zinc in broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sharif M, Rahman MAU, Ahmed B, Abbas RZ, Hassan FU. Copper Nanoparticles as Growth Promoter, Antioxidant and Anti-Bacterial Agents in Poultry Nutrition: Prospects and Future Implications. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3825-3836. [PMID: 33216319 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a vital trace mineral involved in many physiological functions of the body. In the poultry industry, copper sulfate is being used as a major source of Cu. Copper in the bulk form is less available in the body, and much of its amount excreted out with feces causing environmental pollution and economic loss. The application of nanotechnology offers promise to address these issues by making nanoparticles. Copper nanoparticles (Cu-NP) are relatively more bioavailable due to their small size and high surface to volume ratio. Although, there is limited research on the use of Cu-NP in the poultry industry. Some researchers have pointed out the importance of Cu-NP as an effective alternative of chemical, anti-bacterial agents, and growth promoters. The effect of Cu-NP depends on their size, dose rate and the synthesis method. Apart from there, high bioavailability Cu-NP exhibited positive effects on the immunity of the birds. However, some toxic effects of Cu-NP have also been reported. Further investigations are essentially required to provide mechanistic insights into the role of Cu-NP in the avian physiology and their toxicological properties. This review aims to highlight the potential effects of Cu-NP on growth, immune system, antioxidant status, nutrient digestibility, and feed conversion ratio in poultry. Moreover, we have also discussed the future implications of Cu-NP as a growth promoter and alternative anti-bacterial agents in the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sharif
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Bilal Ahmed
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rao Zahid Abbas
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faiz-Ul Hassan
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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Luis-Chincoya H, Herrera-Haro JG, Pro-Martínez A, Santacruz-Varela A, Jerez-Salas MP. Effect of source and concentration of zinc on growth performance, meat quality and mineral retention in New Zealand rabbits. WORLD RABBIT SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.4995/wrs.2021.14095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
<p>Zinc supplementation in rabbit diet favours deposition of this mineral in meat and, therefore, contributes to satisfying the daily requirements of Zn in humans that consume it. A trial was conducted to study the effect of two sources (ZnSO<sub>4</sub> and Zn-methionate) and two concentrations of Zn, along with a control (without Zn supplementation), on weight gain, meat quality and muscle retention in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits during fattening stage. Treatments were randomly assigned to 100 NZW rabbits 40 days old, in a completely randomised experimental design using a factorial arrangement of treatments (2×2+control). The experimental period was 30 d. In each experimental treatment, weight gain, feed consumption and meat quality were recorded, as well as the retention of Zn in serum, liver, loin and hind leg. Results showed no differences (<em>P</em>>0.05) in weight gain and food consumption, which can be attributed to diet-added Zn sources (ZnSO<sub>4</sub> and Zn-methionate). Food conversion was better with the organic source at the highest concentration (<em>P</em><0.05). Regarding meat quality, no differences were found (<em>P</em>>0.05) in hind legs for source effect and Zn concentration, while in loin, differences (<em>P</em>=0.02) were found in the colour parameter of L* and B* when the organic source of Zn (Zn-methionate) was supplied. Most retention of Zn on the loin occurred when a concentration of 25 mg Zn kg<sup>–1</sup> of Zn-methionate was added, which could be important to provide larger amounts of Zn for human consumption.</p>
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Ahaduzzaman M, Milan L, Morton CL, Gerber PF, Walkden-Brown SW. Characterization of poultry house dust using chemometrics and scanning electron microscopy imaging. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101188. [PMID: 34089932 PMCID: PMC8182433 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry house dust is composed of fine particles which likely originate from a diverse range of materials such as feed, litter, excreta, and feathers. Little is known about the contribution of these sources to broiler house airborne dust so the present study was designed to identify the relative contributions of these sources. Samples of feed, excreta, feather, and bedding, known mixtures of these and settled dust from 28 broiler chicken flocks were tested for the concentration of 18 chemical elements. A chemometrics approach (the application of multivariate statistical techniques to chemical analysis data) was used to identify the primary source material in broiler chicken house dust samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also used to analyze dust sample particulates based on examination of source materials. Excreta was found to be the main component of broiler chicken house dust, both by SEM and chemometric analysis. SEM of experimental flock dust between 7 and 35 days of age (d) revealed that the contribution of excreta to dust increased with age from 60% at 7 d to 95% at 28 d (P < 0.001). The proportion of bedding and feed in dust declined with age while the contribution of feather material remained low throughout. This study demonstrates that excreta provides the bulk of the material in poultry dust samples with bedding material, feed and feather material providing lower proportions. The relative contributions of these materials to dust varies with age of birds at dust collection. Additional research is required to determine the health and diagnostic implications of this variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ahaduzzaman
- Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh.
| | - Luke Milan
- Earth Sciences, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Christine L Morton
- Statistics, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Priscilla F Gerber
- Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Stephen W Walkden-Brown
- Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
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Farhadi Javid S, Moravej H, Ghaffarzadeh M, Esfahani MB. Comparison of Zinc Sulfate and Zinc Threonine Based on Zn Bioavailability and Performance of Broiler Chicks. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:2303-2311. [PMID: 32856251 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare zinc sulfate and zinc threonine chelate based on Zn bioavailability and performance of broiler chicks. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design with 256 day-old Ross 308 chicks and eight treatments including control treatment (no zinc supplementation), three levels of zinc sulfate and zinc threonine chelate (40, 80, and 120 mg zinc per kg feed), and a common commercial chelate (Bioplex Zn®) supply 40 mg zinc per kg feed. The results of total period showed that threonine chelate group had the highest live weight compared with other treatments and lowest feed conversion ratio belonged to 80 and 120 ppm of zinc threonine chelate (p < 0.05). Zinc threonine chelate and commercial chelate treatments had the lowest cholesterol and LDL levels compared with other treatments (p < 0.05). Zinc chelate threonine which contains 80 and 120 ppm of zinc had the highest HDL and superoxide dismutase enzymes and the lowest heterophile to lymphocyte ratio compared with other treatments (p < 0.05). Relative bioavailability of zinc threonine to zinc sulfate based on body weight, feed conversion ratio, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, superoxide dismutase enzyme, ash, and zinc content in tibia were 418.75, 173.91, 131.38, 159.43, 278.63, 193.45, 156.46, and 117.65%, respectively. According to the results of broiler performance and other traits measured in this study, it seems that the use of 80 ppm of zinc threonine chelate in the broiler diet is recommended in comparison with zinc sulfate levels and other threonine chelate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Farhadi Javid
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hossein Moravej
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ghaffarzadeh
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Po Box 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
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Concarr M, Sinkunaite I, Murphy R. The effect of trace minerals on the stability of retinol acetate, cholecalciferol and selenomethionine stability within premixes. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL NUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/jaan2021.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the effect of an organic proteinate mineral source and an inorganic sulphate mineral source in relation to their effect on the stability of retinol acetate and cholecalciferol within simulated premixes, while comparing the stability of two different selenomethionine (SeMet) sources (selenium enriched yeast (SeYeast) and the chemically synthesised L-SeMet) in the presence of inorganic sulphate mineral sources within simulated premixes. Four vitamin-trace mineral premixes, two containing organic trace mineral sources in the form of proteinates and two containing inorganic trace mineral sources in the form of sulphates, were formulated so that, when added to a complete broiler feed at the appropriate inclusion rates, they contained the same amount of retinol acetate and cholecalciferol and varying levels of trace minerals (National Research Council recommended level, commonly used industry level or a reduced inclusion level). The two SeMet-trace mineral premixes were formulated to contain commonly used industry levels of vitamins and trace minerals. The two SeMet-trace mineral premixes differed in the source of SeMet. One premix contained chemically synthesised L-SeMet while the other contained SeYeast. The vitamin content of the four vitamin-trace mineral premixes was analysed after 14 and 84 days in storage by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and the amount present within each of the premixes was compared to the quantity determined prior to storage. In general, the premixes formulated with the sulphate trace mineral source were found to have higher losses of retinol acetate and cholecalciferol than those formulated with the proteinate trace mineral source. The inclusion of the proteinate minerals at both National Research Council and reduced inclusion levels significantly (P≤0.05) increased the stability of both the vitamins when compared to the inorganic sulphate mineral sources included at commonly used industry levels. The SeMet content of the two SeMet-trace mineral premixes was analysed after 49 days in storage by high performance liquid chromatography – inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and the amount of SeMet present within each of the samples was compared to the quantity determined prior to storage. SeMet present within the SeYeast was found to be significantly more stable (P≤0.05) than the chemically synthesised L-SeMet.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Concarr
- Alltech Ireland, Summerhill Road, Sarney, Dunboyne, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - I. Sinkunaite
- Alltech Ireland, Summerhill Road, Sarney, Dunboyne, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - R. Murphy
- Alltech Ireland, Summerhill Road, Sarney, Dunboyne, Co. Meath, Ireland
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Intestinal digestibility of selected minerals, growth performance and meat quality in turkeys fed diets supplemented with different sources and levels of zinc. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether dietary supplementation with zinc oxide nanoparticales (NP-ZnO) as a substitute for the conventional ZnO affects the intestinal digestibility of selected minerals, growth performance and meat quality in turkeys. The replacement of ZnO with NP-ZnO had no effect on the intestinal digestibility of Zn, Cu, Fe and Ca, whereas the lowest dose of supplemental Zn reduced Zn digestibility. The applied inclusion levels and sources of Zn had no effect on the growth performance (except the feed intake) of turkeys, including liveability. No differences in the relative weights of the heart, spleen and bursa of Fabricius (except the liver), or the weights of the femur and tibia were found between the dietary treatments. Neither the dose nor the source of supplemental Zn influenced carcass dressing percentage or the share of breast, thigh and drumstick muscles in the carcass. In comparison with the highest and moderate doses of Zn, the lowest inclusion level of Zn contributed to increased yellowness of breast meat (P=0.005). The analyzed doses and sources of supplemental Zn exerted varied effects on the redox status of fresh and frozen breast meat. In conclusion, the growth performance of turkeys, carcass yield and composition as well as the redox status of fresh and frozen breast meat were generally similar, regardless of the dietary source and level of Zn. The beneficial effect of Zn addition at 100 mg/kg was improved Zn and Ca digestibility, and increased redness of breast meat.
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Sarlak S, Tabeidian SA, Toghyani M, Shahraki ADF, Goli M, Habibian M. Effects of Replacing Inorganic with Organic Iron on Performance, Egg Quality, Serum and Egg Yolk Lipids, Antioxidant Status, and Iron Accumulation in Eggs of Laying Hens. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1986-1999. [PMID: 32666433 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the effects dietary organic (ferrous glycine [FG]) versus inorganic (ferrous sulfate [FS]) iron in laying hens on performance, egg quality, serum and egg yolk lipids, antioxidant status, and iron enrichment of eggs. A total of 378 Shaver White layers were allotted to 7 treatments with 6 replicates (9 birds each) from 30 to 42 weeks of age. A basal diet (19 mg iron/kg) served as control, while the other six diets were supplemented with either FS or FG to provide 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg of added iron. Dietary FG and FS treatments improved (P < 0.05) laying rate, egg weight, and egg quality of layers, relative to the control, albeit eggshell strength and eggshell calcium also deteriorated with the highest level of FS (P < 0.05). The iron treatment groups exhibited a lower serum and egg yolk levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol that accompanied by higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and greater activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) as compared with the control (P < 0.05). The contents of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl were conversely related to the activities SOD and GPx (P < 0.05). The serum and egg fractions (yolk, albumen, and shell) displayed gradually increases in iron contents as the level of iron increased in the diet (P < 0.05), while FG was superior to FS at all tested levels (P < 0.05). To summary, FS can be replaced by FG, with more favorable impacts on egg quality and iron enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Sarlak
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sayed Ali Tabeidian
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Majid Toghyani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Goli
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmood Habibian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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The effect of copper source on the stability and activity of α-tocopherol acetate, butylated hydroxytoulene and phytase. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04563-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe supplementation of Copper (Cu) is essential for the optimum performance of physiological functions, including growth performance and immune function. Cu is usually formulated into animal premixes in the form of inorganic salts, such as sulphates, or organic minerals. Organic minerals are mineral salts that are either complexed or chelated to organic ligands such as proteins, amino acids, and polysaccharides. Cu is often formulated into premixes alongside other essential components such as vitamins, enzymes and synthetic antioxidants, all of which are susceptible to negative interactions with Cu which can detrimentally effect both their stability and activity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of five different commercially available Cu sources in relation to their effect on the stability of α-tocopherol acetate and on the activity of Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) and three commercially available phytases in vitro. The results determined that Cu source played a significant role in relation to limiting the interactions between Cu and each of the other components in vitro. There were significant differences (p ≤ 0.05), not only, between the inorganic and organic Cu sources but also between some of the individual organic Cu sources in relation to their effect on α-tocopherol acetate, BHT and phytase.
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Recent Advances in Understanding the Influence of Zinc, Copper, and Manganese on the Gastrointestinal Environment of Pigs and Poultry. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051276. [PMID: 33946674 PMCID: PMC8145729 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pigs and poultry, similar to humans, need regular consumption of zinc, copper, and manganese for normal functioning. To ensure adequate dietary intake, and prevent deficiency, their diets are supplemented with sufficient, often excessive, levels of these minerals or even at higher levels, which have been associated with improvements in their health and/or growth. However, if provided in excess, mineral quantities beyond those required are simply excreted from the animal, which is associated with negative consequences for the environment and even the development of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, it is of great interest to better understand the dynamics of zinc, copper, and manganese in the intestine of pigs and poultry following consumption of supplemented diets, and how the requirements and benefits related to these minerals can be optimized and negative impacts minimized. The intestine of pigs and poultry contains vast numbers of microorganisms, notably bacteria, that continually interact with, and influence, their host. This review explores the influence of zinc, copper, and manganese on these interactions and how novel forms of these minerals have the potential to maximize their delivery and benefits, while limiting any negative consequences. Abstract Zinc, copper, and manganese are prominent essential trace (or micro) minerals, being required in small, but adequate, amounts by pigs and poultry for normal biological functioning. Feed is a source of trace minerals for pigs and poultry but variable bioavailability in typical feed ingredients means that supplementation with low-cost oxides and sulphates has become common practice. Such trace mineral supplementation often provides significant ‘safety margins’, while copper and zinc have been supplemented at supra-nutritional (or pharmacological) levels to improve health and/or growth performance. Regulatory mechanisms ensure that much of this oversupply is excreted by the host into the environment, which can be toxic to plants and microorganisms or promote antimicrobial resistance in microbes, and thus supplying trace minerals more precisely to pigs and poultry is necessary. The gastrointestinal tract is thus central to the maintenance of trace mineral homeostasis and the provision of supra-nutritional or pharmacological levels is associated with modification of the gut environment, such as the microbiome. This review, therefore, considers recent advances in understanding the influence of zinc, copper, and manganese on the gastrointestinal environment of pigs and poultry, including more novel, alternative sources seeking to maintain supra-nutritional benefits with minimal environmental impact.
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Bhagwat VG, Balamurugan E, Rangesh P. Cocktail of chelated minerals and phytogenic feed additives in the poultry industry: A review. Vet World 2021; 14:364-371. [PMID: 33776301 PMCID: PMC7994118 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.364-371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article delineates the role of chelated minerals and phytogenic feed additives (PFAs) cocktail supplementation in improving the overall health status and production performance of poultry birds and its economic effects in the poultry industry. Organically complexed minerals have many advantages over inorganic sources. It has improved absorption and efficacy, which meets the bird's requirements comfortably with a low-dose level. Hence, inorganic forms can be replaced with lower-dose levels of organic minerals without any adverse effects on production performances in broilers and layers. PFAs possess medicinal properties, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, adaptogenic, and immunomodulatory, therefore, could be recommended as supplements. They are also growth promoters that enhance the overall health status and augment poultry birds' production performance. Furthermore, the tremendous potential of PFAs could be extracted with the recent advances in science and technology. With the advantages of organically complexed minerals and multiple beneficial applications, there is a resurgence to develop PFAs as a cocktail of organic minerals to improve the overall health status of poultry birds and augment their productivity, which, in turn, helps the poultry industry to grow decisively and economically.
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Sun W, Wang G, Pei X, Liu L, Xiao Z, Tao W, Yaqoob MU, Wang M, Huai M, Li L, Pelletier W. Effects of Replacing Inorganic with Respective Complexed Glycinate Minerals on Apparent Mineral Bioavailability and Deposition Rate in Tissues of Broiler Breeders. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 198:654-660. [PMID: 32166564 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing inorganic trace minerals (ITMs) with respective low-dose complexed glycinate minerals (CGMs) on their bioavailability and retention during peak laying period of broiler breeders. In this experiment, 648 ZhenNing broiler breeders (23 weeks old) were randomly allocated to four treatments with six replicates (27 birds/replicate) and fed for 14 weeks including 2 weeks adaptation period. The treatments were T1-ITM, commercially recommended levels of ITMs (Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn sulphates); T2-MIX, half of the minerals were supplemented with ITMs and half with CGMs; T3-L-CGMs, minerals were supplemented with CGMs (50% level of T1); and T4-M-CGMs, minerals were supplemented with CGMs (70% level of T1). The results showed that birds fed on ITM had lower bioavailability of Fe, Mn, and Zn (P < 0.05) than those fed on L-CGMs, but the highest (P < 0.01) bioavailability of Cu was found in those fed on MIX. Mineral retention (in serum, muscle, bone, and tissues) was not affected by reducing supplementation levels of trace minerals up to 50% of ITMs, but Zn (in serum, liver, kidney, heart, and albumen) and Fe (in serum and the yolk) retention was negatively affected (P < 0.05). In conclusion, replacing dietary ITMs with low-dose complexed glycinate minerals increases the apparent bioavailability of Fe, Mn, and Zn without compromising the mineral retention rates in most of the tissues tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjing Sun
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Geng Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xun Pei
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lujie Liu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhiping Xiao
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenjing Tao
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Umar Yaqoob
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Minqi Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | | | - Lily Li
- BASF SEA Pte Ltd, Singapore, 038987, Singapore
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Güz BC, Molenaar R, de Jong IC, Kemp B, van Krimpen M, van den Brand H. Effects of green light emitting diode light during incubation and dietary organic macro and trace minerals during rearing on tibia characteristics of broiler chickens at slaughter age. Poult Sci 2020; 100:707-720. [PMID: 33518124 PMCID: PMC7858192 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of green light emitting diode (LED) light during incubation and dietary organic macro and trace minerals during rearing on tibia morphological, biophysical, and mechanical characteristics of broiler chickens at slaughter age. The experiment was setup as a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with the following treatments: 1) light during incubation (green LED light or darkness), 2) macro mineral source during rearing (organic or inorganic Ca and P), and 3) trace mineral source during rearing (organic or inorganic Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Se). A total of 2,400 eggs (Ross 308) were either incubated under green LED light (16L:8D) or in complete darkness. After hatch, a total of 864 male broiler chickens were reared until slaughter age (day 42) and provided with 1 of 4 diets, differing in macro and/or trace mineral source. During rearing, the experiment had a complete randomized block design with 9 replicate pens per treatment and 12 chickens per pen. At slaughter age (day 42), 2 chickens per replicate were randomly selected and tibia bones were obtained. Tibia weight, length, thickness, osseous volume, pore volume, total volume, mineral content, mineral density, ultimate strength, and stiffness were determined. Green LED light during incubation did not affect any of the tibia characteristics. Dietary organic macro minerals positively affected most of the tibia morphological, biophysical, and mechanical characteristics compared to the inorganic macro minerals, whereas trace mineral sources did not affect tibia characteristics. It can be concluded that dietary organic macro minerals Ca and P stimulated tibia characteristics, whereas green LED light during incubation and dietary trace minerals during rearing did not affect tibia characteristics, locomotion, or leg disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Güz
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - R Molenaar
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - I C de Jong
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AH, Wageningen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - B Kemp
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M van Krimpen
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AH, Wageningen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - H van den Brand
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Ghasemi HA, Hajkhodadadi I, Hafizi M, Taherpour K, Nazaran MH. Effect of advanced chelate technology based trace minerals on growth performance, mineral digestibility, tibia characteristics, and antioxidant status in broiler chickens. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:94. [PMID: 33292310 PMCID: PMC7596981 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Compared to the corresponding source of inorganic trace minerals (TM), chelated supplements are characterized by better physical heterogeneity and chemical stability and appear to be better absorbed in the gut due to possibly decreased interaction with other feed components. Methods This study was designed in broiler chickens to determine the effects of replacing inorganic trace minerals (TM) with an advanced chelate technology based supplement (Bonzachicken) on growth performance, mineral digestibility, tibia bone quality, and antioxidant status. A total of 625 male 1-day-old broiler chickens were allocated to 25 pens and assigned to 5 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Chelated TM (CTM) supplement was compared at 3 levels to no TM (NTM) or inorganic TM. A corn–soy-based control diet was supplemented with inorganic TM at the commercially recommended levels (ITM), i.e., iron, zinc, manganese, copper, selenium, iodine, and chromium at 80, 92, 100, 16, 0.3, 1.2, and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively, and varying concentration of CTM, i.e., match to 25, 50, and 100% of the ITM (diets CTM25, CTM50, and CTM100, respectively). Results Diets CTM50 and CTM100 increased average daily gain (ADG), European performance index (EPI), and tibia length compared to the NTM diet (P < 0.05). Broilers fed the CTM100 diet had lowest overall FCR and serum malondialdehyde level and highest EPI, tibia ash, zinc, manganese, and copper contents, and serum total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05). The apparent ileal digestibilities of phosphorus and zinc were lower in the ITM group compared with the CTM25 and CTM50 groups (P < 0.05). Broiler chickens fed any of the diets, except diet CTM25, exhibited higher serum glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities than those fed the NTM diet, where the best glutathione peroxidase activity was found for CTM100 treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusions These results indicate that while CTM supplementation to 25 and 50% of the commercially recommended levels could support growth performance, bone mineralization, and antioxidant status, a totally replacing ITM by equivalent levels of CTM could also improve performance index and glutathione peroxidase activity of broiler chickens under the conditions of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ali Ghasemi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arāk, 38156-8-8349, Iran.
| | - Iman Hajkhodadadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arāk, 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | - Maryam Hafizi
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Taherpour
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
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Patra A, Lalhriatpuii M. Progress and Prospect of Essential Mineral Nanoparticles in Poultry Nutrition and Feeding-a Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 197:233-253. [PMID: 31828724 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01959-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanobiotechnology is a growing field in animal and veterinary sciences for various practical applications including diagnostic, therapeutic, and nutritional applications. Recently, nanoforms or nanoparticles (NP) of essential minerals have been explored for growth performance, feed utilization, and health status of animals. Various mineral NP, such as calcium, zinc, copper, selenium, and chromium, have been studied in different farm animals including poultry. Because mineral NP are smaller in size, and show different chemical and physical properties, they are usually absorbed in greater amounts from gastrointestinal tract and exert enhanced biological effects in the target tissues of animals. In various studies, mineral NP have been comparatively studied relating to its larger inorganic and organic particles in poultry. There are contradictory findings among the studies on comparative improvement of production performance and other mineral functions perhaps due to different sizes, shapes, and properties of NP, and interactions of minerals present in basal diets. There are not many studies correlating physical and chemical properties of mineral NP and their biological functions in the body. Nonetheless, it appears that mineral NP have potential for their uses as mineral supplements in preference to inorganic mineral supplements for their better absorption avoiding antagonistic interactions with other minerals, growth performance, and physiological functions, especially at lower doses compared with the doses that are recommended for their larger particles. Supplementation of mineral NP in diets could be a promising option in the future. This review summarizes the studies of different essential mineral NP used as mineral supplements for feed intake, growth performance, egg production and quality, and blood variables in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amlan Patra
- Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37 K.B. Sarani, Belgachia, Kolkata, 700037, India.
| | - Melody Lalhriatpuii
- National Dairy Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
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A comparative study on the antioxidant status, meat quality, and mineral deposition in broiler chicken fed dietary nano zinc viz-a-viz inorganic zinc. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2020; 58:834-843. [PMID: 33678866 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04597-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Use of nano minerals in farm animal nutrition offers considerable advantages over inorganic or organic mineral sources. But, the conventional chemical synthesis of nano minerals suffers from disadvantage of possible environmental accumulation and pollution due to the non-biodegradable materials and chemicals. This study investigated the effects of green nano-zinc (GNZ) and market nano-zinc (MNZ) with respect to the inorganic zinc (IZ) on meat quality, antioxidant status, mineral deposition, and bone development in broiler chicken. Following a 3 × 3 factorial design, nine dietary treatments were formulated by employing three levels (40, 60, and 80 ppm) and three sources (inorganic, green nano, and market nano) of zinc viz. IZ-40, GNZ-40, MNZ-40, IZ-60, GNZ-60, MNZ-60, IZ-80, GNZ-80, MNZ-80. Six replicates of broiler chicken were assigned to each treatment with eight birds in each. The birds fed 80 ppm Zinc of either GNZ or MNZ source resulted in significantly higher serum SOD, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, zinc, calcium, and phosphorus levels; increased bone dimensions, weight, total ash, phosphorus, and zinc content along with higher liver and muscle zinc concentration. The meat of chicken fed 80 ppm zinc of MNZ source followed by GNZ source has shown significantly better antioxidant (DPPH and ABTS values) status and lower lipid peroxidation (free fatty acid and TBARS values). The 80 ppm zinc of either MNZ or GNZ source resulted in significantly lower fat and cholesterol content of chicken meat compared to lower Zn levels and IZ source. This study indicated that 80 ppm dietary zinc of either MNZ or GNZ source improved the antioxidant status, and reduced the meat cholesterol, fat content, and lipid peroxidation of chicken meat along with increased bone dimensions and mineralization.
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Araújo CSS, Hermes RG, Bittencourt LC, Silva CC, Araújo LF, Granghelli CA, Pelissari PH, Roque FA, Leite BGS. Different dietary trace mineral sources for broiler breeders and their progenies. Poult Sci 2019; 98:4716-4721. [PMID: 30993341 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different trace mineral supplementation sources in the diet of broiler breeders on their performance and on their progenies. In total, 128 Cobb 500 broiler breeders were distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design in 2 experimental treatments. The control group was fed a diet supplemented with inorganic trace minerals (ITM), while the other group was fed a diet supplemented with reduced levels of trace minerals in the organic form. Eggs were collected when breeders were 35, 47, and 53 wk old. Their progeny (450 hatchlings) were divided according to trace mineral supplementation source from the maternal diet, creating 2 treatments with 16 replicates of 15 birds each. Organic trace mineral (OTM) supplementation improved broiler breeder performance, as shown by higher egg production and better eggshell quality of OTM-fed hens compared with those fed ITM. Egg fertility and hatchability were not influenced by the treatments. As to progeny performance, higher weight gain, and consequently, better feed conversion ratio, were obtained in the 41-day-old progenies of OTM-fed breeders, independently of hen age. Maternal diet trace mineral source did not affect broiler carcass, breast meat, or leg yields. The results of the present study show that supplementing broiler breeder diets with organic trace mineral sources enhances the performance of breeders and their progenies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S S Araújo
- Departament of Animal Nutrition and Production, Universidade de São Paulo, 13635900 Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - R G Hermes
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade de São Paulo 13635900 Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - L C Bittencourt
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade de São Paulo 13635900 Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - C C Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade de São Paulo 13635900 Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - L F Araújo
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - C A Granghelli
- Departament of Animal Nutrition and Production, Universidade de São Paulo, 13635900 Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - P H Pelissari
- Departament of Animal Nutrition and Production, Universidade de São Paulo, 13635900 Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - F A Roque
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - B G S Leite
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
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Seyfori H, Ghasemi HA, Hajkhodadadi I, Hafizi M. Effects of water supplementation of an organic acid-trace mineral complex on production and slaughter parameters, intestinal histomorphology, and macronutrient digestibility in growing ostriches. Poult Sci 2019; 98:4860-4867. [PMID: 30995297 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of water supplementation of organic acid-chelated trace minerals (OTM) on production traits, carcass characteristics, intestinal histomorphology, and nutrient digestibility in African ostrich chicks from 8 to 12 mo of age. A total of 20 growing ostriches, with almost similar body weight (73.4 to 75.8 kg), were individually distributed in outdoor paddocks of ≈ 24 m2 and were randomly allocated into 1 of the following 4 treatments: (1) control/basal diet, (2) low OTM (basal diet + 100 mg/bird/day OTM powder in water), (3) medium OTM (basal diet + 1 g/bird/day OTM powder in water), and (4) high OTM (basal diet + 2 g/bird/day OTM powder in water). The body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency were greater (P < 0.05) in ostriches receiving medium-OTM treatment compared to control during the overall phase of the experiment. Although whole carcass yield, the yield of parts, and the relative weights of internal organs were not affected by experimental treatments, supplementation of higher amounts of OTM (medium- and high-OTM) resulted in a decrease (P < 0.05) in the subcutaneous and abdominal fat contents. Medium- and high-OTM treatments increased (P < 0.05) the villus height/crypt depth ratio in the jejunum and ileum compared with control and low-OTM treatments. Moreover, ostriches receiving the medium-OTM had also higher total tract apparent digestibility of energy (P = 0.048), ether extract (P = 0.050), crude fiber (P = 0.063), and higher AMEn (P = 0.094) than the control group. Overall, supplementation of OTM at the level of 1 g/bird/day to the drinking water of growing ostriches fed diets containing the recommended levels of inorganic trace minerals could beneficially affect productive performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Seyfori
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | - Hossein Ali Ghasemi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | - Iman Hajkhodadadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | - Maryam Hafizi
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran 14159-4-4341, Iran
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49
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Ramiah SK, Awad EA, Mookiah S, Idrus Z. Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on growth performance and concentrations of malondialdehyde, zinc in tissues, and corticosterone in broiler chickens under heat stress conditions. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3828-3838. [PMID: 30839088 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nanominerals, such as nano-zinc, represents a promising and emerging technology in the animal farming industry. Due to the small particle size and bioavailability of nano-zinc, it can be easily assimilated in the digestive system, thereby reducing excretion and environmental pollution. The present study was conducted to assess the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on the growth performance, zinc (Zn) concentration in edible tissues, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, and corticosterone concentrations in broilers reared under normal or heat stress environmental conditions. The experiment was performed with a completely randomized design based on a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of 4 diets (basal diet + 60 mg/kg conventional zinc oxide as control diet; basal diet + 40 mg/kg of ZnONPs; basal diet + 60 mg/kg of ZnONPs; and basal diet + 100 mg/kg of ZnONPs) and 2 environmental conditions (normal and heat stress). On day 22, birds from each dietary group were divided equally to normal temperature (23 ± 1°C throughout) or heat stress conditions (34 ± 1°C daily for 6 h from 10:00 am until 4:00 pm). From 1 to 42 D of age, the broiler chickens fed 100 mg/kg ZnONPs exhibited lower feed intake and feed conversion ratio than the control. The accumulation of Zn in the liver of broilers was significantly higher among all treatment groups compared to breast and thigh muscle tissues regardless of the temperature conditions. At 40 and 60 mg/kg ZnONPs, the malondialdehyde content increased in thigh muscle of broilers at 7 D postmortem, indicating that ZnONPs potentially inhibited the antioxidant system in muscle tissues. The control and ZnONPs at 40 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg led to low serum corticosterone levels that may be attributed to the antioxidant and antistress properties of Zn. Taken together, although supplementation with ZnONPs at 40 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg alleviated the negative results of heat stress, further research is needed to determine the optimal level of dietary ZnONPs supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suriya Kumari Ramiah
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Elmutaz Atta Awad
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Poultry Production, University of Khartoum, 13314 Khartoum North, Sudan
| | - Saminathan Mookiah
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), No. 6 Persiaran Instituti, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zulkifli Idrus
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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50
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Jankowski J, Ognik K, Kozłowski K, Stępniowska A, Zduńczyk Z. Effect of Different Levels and Sources of Dietary Copper, Zinc and Manganese on the Performance and Immune and Redox Status of Turkeys. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9110883. [PMID: 31671582 PMCID: PMC6912840 DOI: 10.3390/ani9110883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the combined use of Cu, Zn, and Mn nanoparticles in the diet of turkeys with regard to potential reduction of the levels of these elements added to feed. The experiment was carried out on turkeys' hens assigned to four groups. Turkeys from the PC group received feed with the addition of inorganic forms of Cu, Zn, and Mn in the B.U.T. (British United Turkeys) recommended levels, from group IR received the addition in amounts reduced to 10% of the recommended levels, and from group NR received the addition of elements in the form of nanoparticles in the same amounts as in group IR. The turkeys from group NC received feed without the addition of these elements. The research showed that the addition of Cu, Zn, and Mn to turkey diets, in both inorganic forms and as nanoparticles, in quantities covering only 10% of B.U.T. recommendations had no adverse effect on growth performance or on the antioxidant and immune defense of turkeys. The changes in the redox status of the turkeys whose diet was not supplemented with Cu, Zn, and Mn indicate reduced oxidation processes in the tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Jankowski
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Ognik
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Krzystof Kozłowski
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Anna Stępniowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Zenon Zduńczyk
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
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