1
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Welsh FC, Eguia RT, Lee JM, Haddox HK, Galloway J, Van Vinh Chau N, Loes AN, Huddleston J, Yu TC, Quynh Le M, Nhat NTD, Thi Le Thanh N, Greninger AL, Chu HY, Englund JA, Bedford T, Matsen FA, Boni MF, Bloom JD. Age-dependent heterogeneity in the antigenic effects of mutations to influenza hemagglutinin. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:1397-1411.e11. [PMID: 39032493 PMCID: PMC11329357 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Human influenza virus evolves to escape neutralization by polyclonal antibodies. However, we have a limited understanding of how the antigenic effects of viral mutations vary across the human population and how this heterogeneity affects virus evolution. Here, we use deep mutational scanning to map how mutations to the hemagglutinin (HA) proteins of two H3N2 strains, A/Hong Kong/45/2019 and A/Perth/16/2009, affect neutralization by serum from individuals of a variety of ages. The effects of HA mutations on serum neutralization differ across age groups in ways that can be partially rationalized in terms of exposure histories. Mutations that were fixed in influenza variants after 2020 cause greater escape from sera from younger individuals compared with adults. Overall, these results demonstrate that influenza faces distinct antigenic selection regimes from different age groups and suggest approaches to understand how this heterogeneous selection shapes viral evolution.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology
- Mutation
- Adult
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Age Factors
- Middle Aged
- Young Adult
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Adolescent
- Evolution, Molecular
- Aged
- Child
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances C Welsh
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, and Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rachel T Eguia
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Juhye M Lee
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Hugh K Haddox
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jared Galloway
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Nguyen Van Vinh Chau
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Andrea N Loes
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - John Huddleston
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Timothy C Yu
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, and Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Mai Quynh Le
- National Institutes for Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen T D Nhat
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nguyen Thi Le Thanh
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Alexander L Greninger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Helen Y Chu
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Janet A Englund
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Trevor Bedford
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Frederick A Matsen
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Maciej F Boni
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jesse D Bloom
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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2
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Edler P, Schwab LSU, Aban M, Wille M, Spirason N, Deng YM, Carlock MA, Ross TM, Juno JA, Rockman S, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, Barr IG, Price DJ, Koutsakos M. Immune imprinting in early life shapes cross-reactivity to influenza B virus haemagglutinin. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:2073-2083. [PMID: 38890491 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Influenza exposures early in life are believed to shape future susceptibility to influenza infections by imprinting immunological biases that affect cross-reactivity to future influenza viruses. However, direct serological evidence linked to susceptibility is limited. Here we analysed haemagglutination-inhibition titres in 1,451 cross-sectional samples collected between 1992 and 2020, from individuals born between 1917 and 2008, against influenza B virus (IBV) isolates from 1940 to 2021. We included testing of 'future' isolates that circulated after sample collection. We show that immunological biases are conferred by early life IBV infection and result in lineage-specific cross-reactivity of a birth cohort towards future IBV isolates. This translates into differential estimates of susceptibility between birth cohorts towards the B/Yamagata and B/Victoria lineages, predicting lineage-specific birth-cohort distributions of observed medically attended IBV infections. Our data suggest that immunological measurements of imprinting could be important in modelling and predicting virus epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peta Edler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lara S U Schwab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Malet Aban
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle Wille
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Pathogen Genomics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalie Spirason
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yi-Mo Deng
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael A Carlock
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Florida Research and Innovation Centre, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA
| | - Ted M Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Florida Research and Innovation Centre, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA
- Department of Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer A Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steve Rockman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Vaccine Product Development, CSL Seqirus Ltd, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian G Barr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Price
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marios Koutsakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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3
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Kim K, Vieira MC, Gouma S, Weirick ME, Hensley SE, Cobey S. Measures of population immunity can predict the dominant clade of influenza A (H3N2) in the 2017-2018 season and reveal age-associated differences in susceptibility and antibody-binding specificity. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2023.10.26.23297569. [PMID: 37961288 PMCID: PMC10635207 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.26.23297569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Background For antigenically variable pathogens such as influenza, strain fitness is partly determined by the relative availability of hosts susceptible to infection with that strain compared to others. Antibodies to the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) confer substantial protection against influenza infection. We asked if a cross-sectionalantibody-derived estimate of population susceptibility to different clades of influenza A (H3N2) could predict the success of clades in the following season. Methods We collected sera from 483 healthy individuals aged 1 to 90 years in the summer of 2017 and analyzed neutralizing responses to the HA and NA of representative strains using Focus Reduction Neutralization Tests (FNRT) and Enzyme-Linked Lectin Assays (ELLA). We estimated relative population-average and age-specific susceptibilities to circulating viral clades and compared those estimates to changes in clade frequencies in the following 2017-18 season. Results The clade to which neutralizing antibody titers were lowest, indicating greater population susceptibility, dominated the next season. Titers to different HA and NA clades varied dramatically between individuals but showed significant associations with age, suggesting dependence on correlated past exposures. Conclusions This study indicates how representative measures of population immunity might improve evolutionary forecasts and inform selective pressures on influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangchon Kim
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, USA
| | - Marcos C. Vieira
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, USA
| | - Sigrid Gouma
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Madison E. Weirick
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scott E. Hensley
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah Cobey
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, USA
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4
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McGough L, Cobey S. A speed limit on serial strain replacement from original antigenic sin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400202121. [PMID: 38857397 PMCID: PMC11194583 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400202121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Many pathogens evolve to escape immunity, yet it remains difficult to predict whether immune pressure will lead to diversification, serial replacement of one variant by another, or more complex patterns. Pathogen strain dynamics are mediated by cross-protective immunity, whereby exposure to one strain partially protects against infection by antigenically diverged strains. There is growing evidence that this protection is influenced by early exposures, a phenomenon referred to as original antigenic sin (OAS) or imprinting. In this paper, we derive constraints on the emergence of the pattern of successive strain replacements demonstrated by influenza, SARS-CoV-2, seasonal coronaviruses, and other pathogens. We find that OAS implies that the limited diversity found with successive strain replacement can only be maintained if [Formula: see text] is less than a threshold set by the characteristic antigenic distances for cross-protection and for the creation of new immune memory. This bound implies a "speed limit" on the evolution of new strains and a minimum variance of the distribution of infecting strains in antigenic space at any time. To carry out this analysis, we develop a theoretical model of pathogen evolution in antigenic space that implements OAS by decoupling the antigenic distances required for protection from infection and strain-specific memory creation. Our results demonstrate that OAS can play an integral role in the emergence of strain structure from host immune dynamics, preventing highly transmissible pathogens from maintaining serial strain replacement without diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren McGough
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionThe University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
| | - Sarah Cobey
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionThe University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
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5
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Furey C, Scher G, Ye N, Kercher L, DeBeauchamp J, Crumpton JC, Jeevan T, Patton C, Franks J, Rubrum A, Alameh MG, Fan SHY, Phan AT, Hunter CA, Webby RJ, Weissman D, Hensley SE. Development of a nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine against clade 2.3.4.4b H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4350. [PMID: 38782954 PMCID: PMC11116520 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48555-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccines would be useful during an influenza virus pandemic since they can be produced rapidly and do not require the generation of egg-adapted vaccine seed stocks. Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses from H5 clade 2.3.4.4b are circulating at unprecedently high levels in wild and domestic birds and have the potential to adapt to humans. Here, we generate an mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccine encoding the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein from a clade 2.3.4.4b H5 isolate. The H5 mRNA-LNP vaccine elicits strong T cell and antibody responses in female mice, including neutralizing antibodies and broadly-reactive anti-HA stalk antibodies. The H5 mRNA-LNP vaccine elicits antibodies at similar levels compared to whole inactivated vaccines in female mice with and without prior H1N1 exposures. Finally, we find that the H5 mRNA-LNP vaccine is immunogenic in male ferrets and prevents morbidity and mortality of animals following 2.3.4.4b H5N1 challenge. Together, our data demonstrate that a monovalent mRNA-LNP vaccine expressing 2.3.4.4b H5 is immunogenic and protective in pre-clinical animal models.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Female
- Mice
- Ferrets
- Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Male
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- mRNA Vaccines/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Influenza in Birds/prevention & control
- Influenza in Birds/immunology
- Influenza in Birds/virology
- Humans
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Birds/virology
- Lipids/chemistry
- Liposomes
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Furey
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gabrielle Scher
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Naiqing Ye
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa Kercher
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer DeBeauchamp
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jeri Carol Crumpton
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Trushar Jeevan
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Christopher Patton
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - John Franks
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Adam Rubrum
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh
- Infectious Disease Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Institute for RNA Innovation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Anthony T Phan
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard J Webby
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Drew Weissman
- Infectious Disease Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Institute for RNA Innovation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott E Hensley
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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6
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Singh P, Sharma K, Bhargava A, Negi SS. Genomic characterization of Influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 and SARS-CoV-2 from Influenza Like Illness (ILI) and Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) cases reported between July-December, 2022. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10660. [PMID: 38724525 PMCID: PMC11081947 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58993-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza Like Illness (ILI) and Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) cases are more prone to Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Accordingly, we genetically characterized Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 in 633 ILI and SARI cases by rRT-PCR and WGS. ILI and SARI cases showed H1N1pdm09 prevalence of 20.9% and 23.2% respectively. 135 (21.3%) H1N1pdm09 and 23 (3.6%) H3N2 and 5 coinfection (0.78%) of H1N1pdm09 and SARS-CoV-2 were detected. Phylogenetic analysis revealed H1N1pdm09 resemblance to clade 6B.1A.5a.2 and their genetic relatedness to InfA/Perth/34/2020, InfA/Victoria/88/2020 and InfA/Victoria/2570/2019. Pan 24 HA and 26 NA nonsynonymous mutations and novel HA (G6D, Y7F, Y78H, P212L, G339R, T508K and S523T) and NA (S229A) mutations were observed. S74R, N129D, N156K, S162N, K163Q and S164T alter HA Cb and Sa antibody recognizing site. Similarly, M19T, V13T substitution and multiple mutations in transmembrane and NA head domain drive antigenic drift. SARS-CoV-2 strains genetically characterized to Omicron BA.2.75 lineage containing thirty nonsynonymous spike mutations exhibited enhanced virulence and transmission rates. Coinfection although detected very minimal, the mutational changes in H1N1pdm09 and SARS-CoV-2 virus infected individuals could alter antibody receptor binding sites, allowing the viruses to escape immune response resulting in better adaptability and transmission. Thus continuous genomic surveillance is required to tackle any future outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpendra Singh
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Kuldeep Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Anudita Bhargava
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sanjay Singh Negi
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
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7
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McGough L, Cobey S. A speed limit on serial strain replacement from original antigenic sin. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.04.574172. [PMID: 38260288 PMCID: PMC10802292 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.04.574172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Many pathogens evolve to escape immunity, yet it remains difficult to predict whether immune pressure will lead to diversification, serial replacement of one variant by another, or more complex patterns. Pathogen strain dynamics are mediated by cross-protective immunity, whereby exposure to one strain partially protects against infection by antigenically diverged strains. There is growing evidence that this protection is influenced by early exposures, a phenomenon referred to as original antigenic sin (OAS) or imprinting. In this paper, we derive new constraints on the emergence of the pattern of successive strain replacements demonstrated by influenza, SARS-CoV-2, seasonal coronaviruses, and other pathogens. We find that OAS implies that the limited diversity found with successive strain replacement can only be maintained if R 0 is less than a threshold set by the characteristic antigenic distances for cross-protection and for the creation of new immune memory. This bound implies a "speed limit" on the evolution of new strains and a minimum variance of the distribution of infecting strains in antigenic space at any time. To carry out this analysis, we develop a theoretical model of pathogen evolution in antigenic space that implements OAS by decoupling the antigenic distances required for protection from infection and strain-specific memory creation. Our results demonstrate that OAS can play an integral role in the emergence of strain structure from host immune dynamics, preventing highly transmissible pathogens from maintaining serial strain replacement without diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren McGough
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Sarah Cobey
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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8
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Ji W, Guthmiller J. Goldilocks Zone of Preexisting Immunity: Too Little or Too Much Suppresses Diverse Antibody Responses Against Influenza Viruses. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:299-302. [PMID: 37979157 PMCID: PMC10873167 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ji
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jenna Guthmiller
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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9
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Lu X, Liu F, Tzeng WP, York IA, Tumpey TM, Levine MZ. Antibody-Mediated Suppression Regulates the Humoral Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination in Humans. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:310-321. [PMID: 37981659 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preexisting immunity, including memory B cells and preexisting antibodies, can modulate antibody responses to influenza in vivo to antigenically related antigens. We investigated whether preexisting hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibodies targeting the K163 epitope on the hemagglutinin (K163 antibodies) could affect antibody responses following vaccination with A/California/07/2009-like A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza viruses in humans. METHODS Pre- and postvaccination sera collected from 300 adults (birth years, 1961-1998) in 6 seasons (2010-2016) were analyzed by HAI assays with 2 reverse genetics viruses and A(H1N1) viruses circulated from 1977 to 2018. Antibody adsorption assays were used to verify the preexisting K163 antibody-mediated suppression effect. RESULTS Preexisting K163 antibody titers ≥80 affected HAI antibody responses following influenza vaccination containing A/California/07/2009-like antigens. At high K163 antibody concentrations (HAI antibody titers ≥160), all HAI antibody responses were suppressed. However, at moderate K163 antibody concentrations (HAI antibody titer, 80), only K163 epitope-specific antibody responses were suppressed, and novel HAI antibody responses targeting the non-K163 epitopes were induced by vaccination. Novel antibodies targeting non-K163 epitopes cross-reacted with newly emerging A(H1N1)pdm09 strains with a K163Q mutation rather than historic 1977-2007 A(H1N1) viruses. CONCLUSIONS K163 antibody-mediated suppression shapes antibody responses to A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccination. Understanding how preexisting antibodies suppress and redirect vaccine-induced antibody responses is of great importance to improve vaccine effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Lu
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Feng Liu
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Wen-Ping Tzeng
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ian A York
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Terrence M Tumpey
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Min Z Levine
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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10
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Fox A. Drift and shape-new insights into human immunity against influenza virus neuraminidase. mBio 2023; 14:e0165423. [PMID: 37933976 PMCID: PMC10746272 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01654-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus hemagglutinin mediates infection by binding sialic acids, whereas neuraminidase cleaves sialic acids to release progeny virions. Both are targets of protective antibodies, but influenza vaccine strain selection and antigen dose are based on hemagglutinin alone. Virus characterization using first infection ferret sera indicates that escape from hemagglutination inhibiting (HI) antibodies occurs more frequently and is not coordinated with escape from neuraminidase inhibiting (NI) antibodies. A key question addressed by Daulagala et al. (P. Daulagala, B. R. Mann, K. Leung, E. H. Y. Lau, et al., mBio 14:e00084-23, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.00084-23) is how this translates to humans who encounter multiple influenza viruses throughout life. Their cross-sectional study, using sera from a wide age range of participants and H1N1 viruses spanning 1977-2015, indicates that NI antibodies are more broadly cross-reactive than HI antibodies. Both HI and NI titers were highest against strains encountered in childhood indicating that both are shaped by priming exposures. The study further supports the development of NA-optimized vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Fox
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Welsh FC, Eguia RT, Lee JM, Haddox HK, Galloway J, Chau NVV, Loes AN, Huddleston J, Yu TC, Le MQ, Nhat NTD, Thanh NTL, Greninger AL, Chu HY, Englund JA, Bedford T, Matsen FA, Boni MF, Bloom JD. Age-dependent heterogeneity in the antigenic effects of mutations to influenza hemagglutinin. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.12.571235. [PMID: 38168237 PMCID: PMC10760046 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.12.571235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Human influenza virus evolves to escape neutralization by polyclonal antibodies. However, we have a limited understanding of how the antigenic effects of viral mutations vary across the human population, and how this heterogeneity affects virus evolution. Here we use deep mutational scanning to map how mutations to the hemagglutinin (HA) proteins of the A/Hong Kong/45/2019 (H3N2) and A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2) strains affect neutralization by serum from individuals of a variety of ages. The effects of HA mutations on serum neutralization differ across age groups in ways that can be partially rationalized in terms of exposure histories. Mutations that fixed in influenza variants after 2020 cause the greatest escape from sera from younger individuals. Overall, these results demonstrate that influenza faces distinct antigenic selection regimes from different age groups, and suggest approaches to understand how this heterogeneous selection shapes viral evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances C Welsh
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, and Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Rachel T Eguia
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Juhye M Lee
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Hugh K Haddox
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jared Galloway
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Nguyen Van Vinh Chau
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Andrea N Loes
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - John Huddleston
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Timothy C Yu
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, and Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Mai Quynh Le
- National Institutes for Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen T D Nhat
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nguyen Thi Le Thanh
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Alexander L Greninger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Helen Y Chu
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Janet A Englund
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Trevor Bedford
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Frederick A Matsen
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Maciej F Boni
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jesse D Bloom
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
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12
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Han AX, de Jong SPJ, Russell CA. Co-evolution of immunity and seasonal influenza viruses. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:805-817. [PMID: 37532870 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00945-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal influenza viruses cause recurring global epidemics by continually evolving to escape host immunity. The viral constraints and host immune responses that limit and drive the evolution of these viruses are increasingly well understood. However, it remains unclear how most of these advances improve the capacity to reduce the impact of seasonal influenza viruses on human health. In this Review, we synthesize recent progress made in understanding the interplay between the evolution of immunity induced by previous infections or vaccination and the evolution of seasonal influenza viruses driven by the heterogeneous accumulation of antibody-mediated immunity in humans. We discuss the functional constraints that limit the evolution of the viruses, the within-host evolutionary processes that drive the emergence of new virus variants, as well as current and prospective options for influenza virus control, including the viral and immunological barriers that must be overcome to improve the effectiveness of vaccines and antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin X Han
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon P J de Jong
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Colin A Russell
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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13
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Radwan J, Kohi C, Ejsmond M, Paganini J, Pontarotti P. Integration of the immune memory into the pathogen-driven MHC polymorphism hypothesis. HLA 2023; 102:653-659. [PMID: 37688391 DOI: 10.1111/tan.15216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes (referred to as human leukocyte antigen or HLA in humans) are a key component of vertebrate immune systems, coding for proteins which present antigens to T-cells. These genes are outstanding in their degree of polymorphism, with important consequences for human and animal health. The polymorphism is thought to arise from selection pressures imposed by pathogens on MHC allomorphs, which differ in their antigen-binding capacity. However, the existing theory has not considered MHC selection in relation to the formation of immune memory. In this paper, we argue that this omission limits our understanding of the evolution of MHC polymorphism and its role in disease. We review recent evidence that has emerged from the massive research effort related to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemics, and which provides new evidence for the role of MHC in shaping immune memory. We then discuss why the inclusion of immune memory within the existing theory may have non-trivial consequence for our understanding of the evolution of MHC polymorphism. Finally, we will argue that neglecting immune memory hinders our interpretation of empirical findings, and postulate that future studies focusing on pathogen-driven MHC selection would benefit from stratifying the available data according to the history of infection (and vaccination, if relevant).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Radwan
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Chirine Kohi
- MEPHI, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Maciej Ejsmond
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Pierre Pontarotti
- MEPHI, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- SNC 5039 CNRS, Marseille, France
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14
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Huang CQ, Vishwanath S, Carnell GW, Chan ACY, Heeney JL. Immune imprinting and next-generation coronavirus vaccines. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1971-1985. [PMID: 37932355 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01505-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines based on historical virus isolates provide limited protection from continuously evolving RNA viruses, such as influenza viruses or coronaviruses, which occasionally spill over between animals and humans. Despite repeated booster immunizations, population-wide declines in the neutralization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants have occurred. This has been compared to seasonal influenza vaccinations in humans, where the breadth of immune responses induced by repeat exposures to antigenically distinct influenza viruses is confounded by pre-existing immunity-a mechanism known as imprinting. Since its emergence, SARS-CoV-2 has evolved in a population with partial immunity, acquired by infection, vaccination or both. Here we critically examine the evidence for and against immune imprinting in host humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 and its implications for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) booster vaccine programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Qingzhou Huang
- Laboratory of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sneha Vishwanath
- Laboratory of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - George William Carnell
- Laboratory of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Chun Yue Chan
- Laboratory of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Luke Heeney
- Laboratory of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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15
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Nikas A, Ahmed H, Moore MR, Zarnitsyna VI, Antia R. When does humoral memory enhance infection? PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011377. [PMID: 37603552 PMCID: PMC10470880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies and humoral memory are key components of the adaptive immune system. We consider and computationally model mechanisms by which humoral memory present at baseline might increase rather than decrease infection load; we refer to this effect as EI-HM (enhancement of infection by humoral memory). We first consider antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) in which antibody enhances the growth of the pathogen, typically a virus, and typically at intermediate 'Goldilocks' levels of antibody. Our ADE model reproduces ADE in vitro and enhancement of infection in vivo from passive antibody transfer. But notably the simplest implementation of our ADE model never results in EI-HM. Adding complexity, by making the cross-reactive antibody much less neutralizing than the de novo generated antibody or by including a sufficiently strong non-antibody immune response, allows for ADE-mediated EI-HM. We next consider the possibility that cross-reactive memory causes EI-HM by crowding out a possibly superior de novo immune response. We show that, even without ADE, EI-HM can occur when the cross-reactive response is both less potent and 'directly' (i.e. independently of infection load) suppressive with regard to the de novo response. In this case adding a non-antibody immune response to our computational model greatly reduces or completely eliminates EI-HM, which suggests that 'crowding out' is unlikely to cause substantial EI-HM. Hence, our results provide examples in which simple models give qualitatively opposite results compared to models with plausible complexity. Our results may be helpful in interpreting and reconciling disparate experimental findings, especially from dengue, and for vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Nikas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hasan Ahmed
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mia R. Moore
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Veronika I. Zarnitsyna
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Rustom Antia
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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16
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Guo Z, Lu X, Carney PJ, Chang J, Tzeng WP, York IA, Levine MZ, Stevens J. Use of Biolayer Interferometry to Identify Dominant Binding Epitopes of Influenza Hemagglutinin Protein of A(H1N1)pdm09 in the Antibody Response to 2010-2011 Influenza Seasonal Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1307. [PMID: 37631875 PMCID: PMC10458479 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The globular head domain of influenza virus surface protein hemagglutinin (HA1) is the major target of neutralizing antibodies elicited by vaccines. As little as one amino acid substitution in the HA1 can result in an antigenic drift of influenza viruses, indicating the dominance of some epitopes in the binding of HA to polyclonal serum antibodies. Therefore, identifying dominant binding epitopes of HA is critical for selecting seasonal influenza vaccine viruses. In this study, we have developed a biolayer interferometry (BLI)-based assay to determine dominant binding epitopes of the HA1 in antibody response to influenza vaccines using a panel of recombinant HA1 proteins of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus with each carrying a single amino acid substitution. Sera from individuals vaccinated with the 2010-2011 influenza trivalent vaccines were analyzed for their binding to the HA1 panel and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) activity against influenza viruses with cognate mutations. Results revealed an over 50% reduction in the BLI binding of several mutated HA1 compared to the wild type and a strong correlation between dominant residues identified by the BLI and HI assays. Our study demonstrates a method to systemically analyze antibody immunodominance in the humoral response to influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Guo
- Correspondence: (Z.G.); (J.S.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James Stevens
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (X.L.); (P.J.C.); (J.C.); (W.-p.T.); (I.A.Y.); (M.Z.L.)
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17
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Golagana V, Venkataraman R, Mani AK, Rajan ER, Ramakrishnan N, Vidyasagar DD. Epidemiology and Outcomes of HIN1 Pneumonia in ICU. Indian J Crit Care Med 2023; 27:470-474. [PMID: 37502296 PMCID: PMC10369317 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pandemic influenza H1N1/09 emerged for the first time in April 2009 and has spread widely across India since then. The number of cases have increased over time with the increasing need for respiratory support, causing significant morbidity and mortality. We evaluated the clinical course and outcomes of patients infected with Influenza A (H1N1) admitted to three multidisciplinary intensive care units (ICU) in Chennai. Materials and methods We performed a combined retrospective and prospective observational study of all patients admitted with H1N1 pneumonia at three multidisciplinary ICUs in Chennai from October 1, 2018, to January 31, 2019. Data including demographics, risk factors, and clinical courses were recorded. Outcome data including mortality was tracked up to 28 days. Results A total of 167 patients were admitted during the study period of which 154 were included in this analysis. The mean age of presentation was 58.2 ± 15.6 years and 59.1% of them were males. The mean acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) IV and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores were 62.8 ± 23.2 and 5.8 ± 3.9 respectively. Oxygen delivery devices were required in 25.3% for a mean duration of 26.5 ± 5.7 hours. Non-invasive ventilation or high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) was needed in 33.1% of patients for 59.9 ± 64.5 hours. The proportion of patients requiring mechanical ventilation was 41.6%. Rescue measures in the form of proning, use of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) were initiated for refractory hypoxemia in 26.6%, 14.1%, and 6.3% respectively. The mean duration of ventilator support was 8.5 ± 8 days. Tracheostomy was required in 20.3% of patients and 7.8% were ventilator dependent at 28 days. The mean ICU and Hospital length of stay were 8.3 ± 10.3 and 12.2 ± 14.1 days respectively and overall 28-day mortality was 20.1%. Conclusion A significant proportion of H1N1 patients admitted to the ICU required high-level respiratory support including non-invasive ventilation (NIV), HFNC, or invasive ventilation. Deployment of rescue therapies was common and the overall mortality rate was similar to those reported from Western countries. How to cite this article Golagana V, Venkataraman R, Mani AK, Rajan ER, Ramakrishnan N, Vidyasagar DD. Epidemiology and Outcomes of HIN1 Pneumonia in ICU. Indian J Crit Care Med 2023;27(7):470-474.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinya Golagana
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Apollo Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ramesh Venkataraman
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashwin K Mani
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Apollo First Med Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ebenezer Rabindra Rajan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Apollo Specialty Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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18
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Cable J, Sun J, Cheon IS, Vaughan AE, Castro IA, Stein SR, López CB, Gostic KM, Openshaw PJM, Ellebedy AH, Wack A, Hutchinson E, Thomas MM, Langlois RA, Lingwood D, Baker SF, Folkins M, Foxman EF, Ward AB, Schwemmle M, Russell AB, Chiu C, Ganti K, Subbarao K, Sheahan TP, Penaloza-MacMaster P, Eddens T. Respiratory viruses: New frontiers-a Keystone Symposia report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1522:60-73. [PMID: 36722473 PMCID: PMC10580159 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory viruses are a common cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Viruses like influenza, RSV, and most recently SARS-CoV-2 can rapidly spread through a population, causing acute infection and, in vulnerable populations, severe or chronic disease. Developing effective treatment and prevention strategies often becomes a race against ever-evolving viruses that develop resistance, leaving therapy efficacy either short-lived or relevant for specific viral strains. On June 29 to July 2, 2022, researchers met for the Keystone symposium "Respiratory Viruses: New Frontiers." Researchers presented new insights into viral biology and virus-host interactions to understand the mechanisms of disease and identify novel treatment and prevention approaches that are effective, durable, and broad.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie Sun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine; Department of Immunology; and Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Carter Immunology Center and Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - In Su Cheon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine; Department of Immunology; and Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Carter Immunology Center and Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Andrew E Vaughan
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Italo A Castro
- Virology Research Center, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sydney R Stein
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center and Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carolina B López
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Katelyn M Gostic
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Ali H Ellebedy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology & Immunotherapy Programs; and Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andreas Wack
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | | | - Ryan A Langlois
- Center for Immunology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel Lingwood
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven F Baker
- Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Melanie Folkins
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ellen F Foxman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alistair B Russell
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Christopher Chiu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ketaki Ganti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy P Sheahan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pablo Penaloza-MacMaster
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, School of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Taylor Eddens
- Pediatric Scientist Development Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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19
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Currenti J, Simmons J, Oakes J, Gaudieri S, Warren CM, Gangula R, Alves E, Ram R, Leary S, Armitage JD, Smith RM, Chopra A, Halasa NB, Pilkinton MA, Kalams SA. Tracking of activated cTfh cells following sequential influenza vaccinations reveals transcriptional profile of clonotypes driving a vaccine-induced immune response. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1133781. [PMID: 37063867 PMCID: PMC10095155 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1133781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A vaccine against influenza is available seasonally but is not 100% effective. A predictor of successful seroconversion in adults is an increase in activated circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) cells after vaccination. However, the impact of repeated annual vaccinations on long-term protection and seasonal vaccine efficacy remains unclear. Methods In this study, we examined the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and transcriptional profile of vaccine-induced expanded cTfh cells in individuals who received sequential seasonal influenza vaccines. We measured the magnitude of cTfh and plasmablast cell activation from day 0 (d0) to d7 post-vaccination as an indicator of a vaccine response. To assess TCR diversity and T cell expansion we sorted activated and resting cTfh cells at d0 and d7 post-vaccination and performed TCR sequencing. We also single cell sorted activated and resting cTfh cells for TCR analysis and transcriptome sequencing. Results and discussion The percent of activated cTfh cells significantly increased from d0 to d7 in each of the 2016-17 (p < 0.0001) and 2017-18 (p = 0.015) vaccine seasons with the magnitude of cTfh activation increase positively correlated with the frequency of circulating plasmablast cells in the 2016-17 (p = 0.0001) and 2017-18 (p = 0.003) seasons. At d7 post-vaccination, higher magnitudes of cTfh activation were associated with increased clonality of cTfh TCR repertoire. The TCRs from vaccine-expanded clonotypes were identified and tracked longitudinally with several TCRs found to be present in both years. The transcriptomic profile of these expanded cTfh cells at the single cell level demonstrated overrepresentation of transcripts of genes involved in the type-I interferon pathway, pathways involved in gene expression, and antigen presentation and recognition. These results identify the expansion and transcriptomic profile of vaccine-induced cTfh cells important for B cell help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Currenti
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Joshua Simmons
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jared Oakes
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Silvana Gaudieri
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Christian M. Warren
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Rama Gangula
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Eric Alves
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Ramesh Ram
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Shay Leary
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Jesse D. Armitage
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Rita M. Smith
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Abha Chopra
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Natasha B. Halasa
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Mark A. Pilkinton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Spyros A. Kalams
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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20
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Soga T, Duong C, Pattinson D, Sakai-Tagawa Y, Tokita A, Izumida N, Nishino T, Hagiwara H, Wada N, Miyamoto Y, Kuroki H, Hayashi Y, Seki M, Kasuya N, Koga M, Adachi E, Iwatsuki-Horimoto K, Yotsuyanagi H, Yamayoshi S, Kawaoka Y. Characterization of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses Isolated in the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 Influenza Seasons in Japan. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020535. [PMID: 36851749 PMCID: PMC9968111 DOI: 10.3390/v15020535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus that emerged in 2009 causes seasonal epidemic worldwide. The virus acquired several amino acid substitutions that were responsible for antigenic drift until the 2018-2019 influenza season. Viruses possessing mutations in the NA and PA proteins that cause reduced susceptibility to NA inhibitors and baloxavir marboxil, respectively, have been detected after antiviral treatment, albeit infrequently. Here, we analyzed HA, NA, and PA sequences derived from A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses that were isolated during the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 influenza seasons in Japan. We found that A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses possessing the D187A and Q189E substitutions in HA emerged and dominated during the 2019-2020 season; these substitutions in the antigenic site Sb, a high potency neutralizing antibody-eliciting site for humans, changed the antigenicity of A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. Furthermore, we found that isolates possessing the N156K substitution, which was predicted to affect the antigenicity of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus at the laboratory level, were detected at a frequency of 1.0% in the 2018-2019 season but 10.1% in the 2019-2020 season. These findings indicate that two kinds of antigenically drifted viruses-N156K and D187A/Q189E viruses-co-circulated during the 2019-2020 influenza season in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Soga
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Calvin Duong
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - David Pattinson
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Yuko Sakai-Tagawa
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Akifumi Tokita
- Tokyo Pediatric Association Public Health Committee, Saitama 331-0815, Japan
- Clinic Bambini, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
| | - Naomi Izumida
- Tokyo Pediatric Association Public Health Committee, Saitama 331-0815, Japan
- Akebonocho Clinic, Tokyo 120-0023, Japan
| | - Tamon Nishino
- Tokyo Pediatric Association Public Health Committee, Saitama 331-0815, Japan
- Alpaca Kids ENT Clinic, Tokyo 171-0052, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Hagiwara
- Tokyo Pediatric Association Public Health Committee, Saitama 331-0815, Japan
- Hagiwara Clinic, Tokyo 173-0016, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Wada
- Tokyo Pediatric Association Public Health Committee, Saitama 331-0815, Japan
- Wada Pediatric Clinic, Tokyo 121-0812, Japan
| | | | | | - Yuka Hayashi
- Saitama Citizens Medical Center, Saitama 331-0054, Japan
| | - Masafumi Seki
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 983-8536, Japan
| | | | - Michiko Koga
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Eisuke Adachi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital of the Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital of the Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Seiya Yamayoshi
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
- The University of Tokyo Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center (UTOPIA), Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (Y.K.)
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21
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Mapping the Antibody Repertoires in Ferrets with Repeated Influenza A/H3 Infections: Is Original Antigenic Sin Really "Sinful"? Viruses 2023; 15:v15020374. [PMID: 36851590 PMCID: PMC9959794 DOI: 10.3390/v15020374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The influenza-specific antibody repertoire is continuously reshaped by infection and vaccination. The host immune response to contemporary viruses can be redirected to preferentially boost antibodies specific for viruses encountered early in life, a phenomenon called original antigenic sin (OAS) that is suggested to be responsible for diminished vaccine effectiveness after repeated seasonal vaccination. Using a new computational tool called Neutralization Landscapes, we tracked the progression of hemagglutination inhibition antibodies within ferret antisera elicited by repeated influenza A/H3 infections and deciphered the influence of prior exposures on the de novo antibody response to evolved viruses. The results indicate that a broadly neutralizing antibody signature can nevertheless be induced by repeated exposures despite OAS induction. Our study offers a new way to visualize how immune history shapes individual antibodies within a repertoire, which may help to inform future universal influenza vaccine design.
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22
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Jones-Gray E, Robinson EJ, Kucharski AJ, Fox A, Sullivan SG. Does repeated influenza vaccination attenuate effectiveness? A systematic review and meta-analysis. THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2023; 11:27-44. [PMID: 36152673 PMCID: PMC9780123 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(22)00266-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza vaccines require annual readministration; however, several reports have suggested that repeated vaccination might attenuate the vaccine's effectiveness. We aimed to estimate the reduction in vaccine effectiveness associated with repeated influenza vaccination. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL Complete databases for articles published from Jan 1, 2016, to June 13, 2022, and Web of Science for studies published from database inception to June 13, 2022. For studies published before Jan 1, 2016, we consulted published systematic reviews. Two reviewers (EJ-G and EJR) independently screened, extracted data using a data collection form, assessed studies' risk of bias using the Risk Of Bias In Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) and evaluated the weight of evidence by Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). We included observational studies and randomised controlled trials that reported vaccine effectiveness against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, influenza A(H3N2), or influenza B using four vaccination groups: current season; previous season; current and previous seasons; and neither season (reference). For each study, we calculated the absolute difference in vaccine effectiveness (ΔVE) for current season only and previous season only versus current and previous season vaccination to estimate attenuation associated with repeated vaccination. Pooled vaccine effectiveness and ∆VE were calculated by season, age group, and overall. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021260242. FINDINGS We identified 4979 publications, selected 681 for full review, and included 83 in the systematic review and 41 in meta-analyses. ΔVE for vaccination in both seasons compared with the current season was -9% (95% CI -16 to -1, I2=0%; low certainty) for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, -18% (-26 to -11, I2=7%; low certainty) for influenza A(H3N2), and -7% (-14 to 0, I2=0%; low certainty) for influenza B, indicating lower protection with consecutive vaccination. However, for all types, A subtypes and B lineages, vaccination in both seasons afforded better protection than not being vaccinated. INTERPRETATION Our estimates suggest that, although vaccination in the previous year attenuates vaccine effectiveness, vaccination in two consecutive years provides better protection than does no vaccination. The estimated effects of vaccination in the previous year are concerning and warrant additional investigation, but are not consistent or severe enough to support an alternative vaccination regimen at this time. FUNDING WHO and the US National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elenor Jones-Gray
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J Robinson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam J Kucharski
- Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases (CMMID), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Annette Fox
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sheena G Sullivan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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23
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Wang W, Lusvarghi S, Subramanian R, Epsi NJ, Wang R, Goguet E, Fries AC, Echegaray F, Vassell R, Coggins SA, Richard SA, Lindholm DA, Mende K, Ewers EC, Larson DT, Colombo RE, Colombo CJ, Joseph JO, Rozman JS, Smith A, Lalani T, Berjohn CM, Maves RC, Jones MU, Mody R, Huprikar N, Livezey J, Saunders D, Hollis-Perry M, Wang G, Ganesan A, Simons MP, Broder CC, Tribble DR, Laing ED, Agan BK, Burgess TH, Mitre E, Pollett SD, Katzelnick LC, Weiss CD. Antigenic cartography of well-characterized human sera shows SARS-CoV-2 neutralization differences based on infection and vaccination history. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:1745-1758.e7. [PMID: 36356586 PMCID: PMC9584854 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The rapid emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants challenges vaccination strategies. Here, we collected 201 serum samples from persons with a single infection or multiple vaccine exposures, or both. We measured their neutralization titers against 15 natural variants and 7 variants with engineered spike mutations and analyzed antigenic diversity. Antigenic maps of primary infection sera showed that Omicron sublineages BA.2, BA.4/BA.5, and BA.2.12.1 are distinct from BA.1 and more similar to Beta/Gamma/Mu variants. Three mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations increased neutralization of BA.1 more than BA.4/BA.5 or BA.2.12.1. BA.1 post-vaccination infection elicited higher neutralization titers to all variants than three vaccinations alone, although with less neutralization to BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/BA.5. Those with BA.1 infection after two or three vaccinations had similar neutralization titer magnitude and antigenic recognition. Accounting for antigenic differences among variants when interpreting neutralization titers can aid the understanding of complex patterns in humoral immunity that informs the selection of future COVID-19 vaccine strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Rahul Subramanian
- Office of Data Science and Emerging Technologies, Office of Science Management and Operations, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nusrat J Epsi
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard Wang
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Emilie Goguet
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anthony C Fries
- U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Fairborn, OH, USA
| | - Fernando Echegaray
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Russell Vassell
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Si'Ana A Coggins
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie A Richard
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David A Lindholm
- Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katrin Mende
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Evan C Ewers
- Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA, USA
| | | | - Rhonda E Colombo
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Christopher J Colombo
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Janet O Joseph
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julia S Rozman
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alfred Smith
- Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA, USA
| | - Tahaniyat Lalani
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA, USA
| | - Catherine M Berjohn
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ryan C Maves
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Section of Infectious Diseases, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Rupal Mody
- William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Nikhil Huprikar
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey Livezey
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Saunders
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Monique Hollis-Perry
- Clinical Trials Center, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Gregory Wang
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Anuradha Ganesan
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark P Simons
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher C Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David R Tribble
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric D Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian K Agan
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy H Burgess
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Edward Mitre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Simon D Pollett
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Leah C Katzelnick
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Carol D Weiss
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
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24
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Prescribing for different antibiotic classes across age groups in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California population in association with influenza incidence, 2010-2018. Epidemiol Infect 2022; 150:e180. [PMID: 36285506 PMCID: PMC9987027 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268822001662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is limited information on the volume of antibiotic prescribing that is influenza-associated, resulting from influenza infections and their complications (such as streptococcal pharyngitis). We estimated that for the Kaiser Permanente Northern California population during 2010-2018, 3.4% (2.8%-4%) of all macrolide prescriptions (fills), 2.7% (2.3%-3.2%) of all aminopenicillin prescriptions, 3.1% (2.4%-3.9%) of all 3rd generation cephalosporins prescriptions, 2.2% (1.8%-2.6%) of all protected aminopenicillin prescriptions and 1.3% (1%-1.6%) of all quinolone prescriptions were influenza-associated. The corresponding proportions were higher for select age groups, e.g. 4.3% of macrolide prescribing in ages over 50 years, 5.1% (3.3%-6.8%) of aminopenicillin prescribing in ages 5-17 years and 3.3% (1.9%-4.6%) in ages <5 years was influenza-associated. The relative contribution of influenza to antibiotic prescribing for respiratory diagnoses without a bacterial indication in ages over 5 years was higher than the corresponding relative contribution to prescribing for all diagnoses. Our results suggest a modest benefit of increasing influenza vaccination coverage for reducing prescribing for the five studied antibiotic classes, particularly for macrolides in ages over 50 years and aminopenicillins in ages <18 years, and the potential benefit of other measures to reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescribing for respiratory diagnoses with no bacterial indication, both of which may contribute to the mitigation of antimicrobial resistance.
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25
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Lu X, Guo Z, Li ZN, Holiday C, Liu F, Jefferson S, Gross FL, Tzeng WP, Kumar A, York IA, Uyeki TM, Tumpey T, Stevens J, Levine MZ. Low quality antibody responses in critically ill patients hospitalized with pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14971. [PMID: 36056075 PMCID: PMC9440095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although some adults infected with influenza 2009 A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses mounted high hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody response, they still suffered from severe disease, or even death. Here, we analyzed antibody profiles in patients (n = 31, 17-65 years) admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) with lung failure and invasive mechanical ventilation use due to infection with A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses during 2009-2011. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the quality and quantity of antibody responses using HAI, virus neutralization, biolayer interferometry, enzyme-linked-lectin and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. At time of the ICU admission, 45% (14/31) of the patients had HAI antibody titers ≥ 80 in the first serum (S1), most (13/14) exhibited narrowly-focused HAI and/or anti-HA-head binding antibodies targeting single epitopes in or around the receptor binding site. In contrast, 42% (13/31) of the patients with HAI titers ≤ 10 in S1 had non-neutralizing anti-HA-stem antibodies against A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. Only 19% (6/31) of the patients showed HA-specific IgG1-dominant antibody responses. Three of 5 fatal patients possessed highly focused cross-type HAI antibodies targeting the (K130 + Q223)-epitopes with extremely low avidity. Our findings suggest that narrowly-focused low-quality antibody responses targeting specific HA-epitopes may have contributed to severe infection of the lower respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Lu
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS H17-5, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Zhu Guo
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS H17-5, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Zhu-Nan Li
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS H17-5, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Crystal Holiday
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS H17-5, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Feng Liu
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS H17-5, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Stacie Jefferson
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS H17-5, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - F Liaini Gross
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS H17-5, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Wen-Ping Tzeng
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS H17-5, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Anand Kumar
- Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Ian A York
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS H17-5, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS H17-5, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Terrence Tumpey
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS H17-5, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - James Stevens
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS H17-5, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Min Z Levine
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS H17-5, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
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26
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Tsang TK, Lam KT, Liu Y, Fang VJ, Mu X, Leung NHL, Peiris JSM, Leung GM, Cowling BJ, Tu W. Investigation of CD4 and CD8 T cell-mediated protection against influenza A virus in a cohort study. BMC Med 2022; 20:230. [PMID: 35858844 PMCID: PMC9301821 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02429-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protective effect of T cell-mediated immunity against influenza virus infections in natural settings remains unclear, especially in seasonal epidemics. METHODS To explore the potential of such protection, we analyzed the blood samples collected longitudinally in a community-based study and covered the first wave of pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1), two subsequent pH1N1 epidemics, and three seasonal H3N2 influenza A epidemics (H3N2) for which we measured pre-existing influenza virus-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses by intracellular IFN-γ staining assay for 965 whole blood samples. RESULTS Based on logistic regression, we found that higher pre-existing influenza virus-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses were associated with lower infection odds for corresponding subtypes. Every fold increase in H3N2-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells was associated with 28% (95% CI 8%, 44%) and 26% (95% CI 8%, 41%) lower H3N2 infection odds, respectively. Every fold increase in pre-existing seasonal H1N1 influenza A virus (sH1N1)-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells was associated with 28% (95% CI 11%, 41%) and 22% (95% CI 8%, 33%) lower pH1N1 infection odds, respectively. We observed the same associations for individuals with pre-epidemic hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers < 40. There was no correlation between pre-existing influenza virus-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell response and HAI titer. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated homosubtypic and cross-strain protection against influenza infections was associated with T cell response, especially CD4 T cell response. These protections were independent of the protection associated with HAI titer. Therefore, T cell response could be an assessment of individual and population immunity for future epidemics and pandemics, in addition to using HAI titer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim K Tsang
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China.,Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, New Territories, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok-Tai Lam
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yinping Liu
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Vicky J Fang
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xiaofeng Mu
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Nancy H L Leung
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China.,Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, New Territories, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - J S Malik Peiris
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China.,HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China.,Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, New Territories, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Gabriel M Leung
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China.,Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, New Territories, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Benjamin J Cowling
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China. .,Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, New Territories, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Wenwei Tu
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China.
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27
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McNaughton AL, Paton RS, Edmans M, Youngs J, Wellens J, Phalora P, Fyfe A, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Bolton JS, Ball J, Carnell GW, Dejnirattisai W, Dold C, Eyre DW, Hopkins P, Howarth A, Kooblall K, Klim H, Leaver S, Lee LN, López-Camacho C, Lumley SF, Macallan DC, Mentzer AJ, Provine NM, Ratcliff J, Slon-Compos J, Skelly D, Stolle L, Supasa P, Temperton N, Walker C, Wang B, Wyncoll D, Simmonds P, Lambe T, Baillie JK, Semple MG, Openshaw PJ, Obolski U, Turner M, Carroll M, Mongkolsapaya J, Screaton G, Kennedy SH, Jarvis L, Barnes E, Dunachie S, Lourenço J, Matthews PC, Bicanic T, Klenerman P, Gupta S, Thompson CP. Fatal COVID-19 outcomes are associated with an antibody response targeting epitopes shared with endemic coronaviruses. JCI Insight 2022; 7:156372. [PMID: 35608920 PMCID: PMC9310533 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.156372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of immune responses to previously seen endemic coronavirus epitopes in severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and disease progression has not yet been determined. Here, we show that a key characteristic of fatal outcomes with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is that the immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is enriched for antibodies directed against epitopes shared with endemic beta-coronaviruses and has a lower proportion of antibodies targeting the more protective variable regions of the spike. The magnitude of antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 full-length spike protein, its domains and subunits, and the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid also correlated strongly with responses to the endemic beta-coronavirus spike proteins in individuals admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) with fatal COVID-19 outcomes, but not in individuals with nonfatal outcomes. This correlation was found to be due to the antibody response directed at the S2 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which has the highest degree of conservation between the beta-coronavirus spike proteins. Intriguingly, antibody responses to the less cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid were not significantly different in individuals who were admitted to an ICU with fatal and nonfatal outcomes, suggesting an antibody profile in individuals with fatal outcomes consistent with an "original antigenic sin" type response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. McNaughton
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, and
| | - Robert S. Paton
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Edmans
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Youngs
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Wellens
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Translational Research for Gastrointestinal Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Prabhjeet Phalora
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, and
| | - Alex Fyfe
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jai S. Bolton
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Ball
- General Intensive Care service, St George’s University Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - George W. Carnell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - David W. Eyre
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Hopkins
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Howarth
- Department of Microbiology/Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kreepa Kooblall
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, and
| | - Hannah Klim
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Future of Humanity Institute, Department of Philosophy, and
| | - Susannah Leaver
- General Intensive Care service, St George’s University Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lian Ni Lee
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Sheila F. Lumley
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Microbiology/Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Derek C. Macallan
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicholas M. Provine
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Ratcliff
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, and
| | - Jose Slon-Compos
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine
| | - Donal Skelly
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas Stolle
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Piyada Supasa
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine
| | - Nigel Temperton
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Chatham, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Walker
- Meso Scale Diagnostics, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Beibei Wang
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine
| | - Duncan Wyncoll
- Intensive Care Medicine, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Peter Simmonds
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, and
| | - Teresa Lambe
- The Jenner Institute Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Malcolm G. Semple
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Uri Obolski
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, and
- Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Marc Turner
- National Microbiology Reference Unit, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Miles Carroll
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine
- National Infection Service, Public Health England (PHE), Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine
- Siriraj Center of Research for Excellence in Dengue & Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Screaton
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen H. Kennedy
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Jarvis
- National Microbiology Reference Unit, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Barnes
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, and
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Susanna Dunachie
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research
- Department of Microbiology/Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - José Lourenço
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philippa C. Matthews
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Microbiology/Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tihana Bicanic
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, and
- Translational Research for Gastrointestinal Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sunetra Gupta
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Craig P. Thompson
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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28
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Li ZN, Liu F, Jefferson S, Horner L, Carney P, Johnson MDL, King JP, Martin ET, Zimmerman RK, Wernli K, Gaglani M, Thompson M, Flannery B, Stevens J, Tumpey T, Levine MZ. Multiplex Detection of Antibody Landscapes to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)/Influenza/Common Human Coronaviruses Following Vaccination or Infection With SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:S271-S284. [PMID: 35684961 PMCID: PMC9214136 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza viruses continue to co-circulate, representing 2 major public health threats from respiratory infections with similar clinical presentations. SARS-CoV-2 and influenza vaccines can also now be co-administered. However, data on antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 and influenza coinfection and vaccine co-administration remain limited. METHODS We developed a 41-plex antibody immunity assay that can simultaneously characterize antibody landscapes to SARS-CoV-2/influenza/common human coronaviruses. We analyzed sera from 840 individuals (11-93 years), including sera from reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-positive (n = 218) and -negative (n = 120) cases, paired sera from SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (n = 29) and infection (n = 11), and paired sera from influenza vaccination (n = 56) and RT-PCR-confirmed influenza infection (n = 158) cases. Last, we analyzed sera collected from 377 individuals who exhibited acute respiratory illness (ARI) in 2020. RESULTS This 41-plex assay has high sensitivity and specificity in detecting SARS-CoV-2 infections. It differentiated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (antibody responses only to spike protein) from infection (antibody responses to both spike and nucleoprotein). No cross-reactive antibodies were induced to SARS-CoV-2 from influenza vaccination and infection, and vice versa, suggesting no interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza antibody responses. However, cross-reactive antibodies were detected between spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and common human coronaviruses that were removed by serum adsorption. Among 377 individuals who exhibited ARI in 2020, 129 were influenza positive; none had serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2/influenza coinfections. CONCLUSIONS Multiplex detection of antibody landscapes can provide in-depth analysis of the antibody protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in the context of other respiratory viruses, including influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Nan Li
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - Feng Liu
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - Stacie Jefferson
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - Lauren Horner
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - Paul Carney
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - Michael D. L. Johnson
- Department of Immunobiology, BIO5 Institute, Valley Fever Center for Excellence, and Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer P King
- Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Emily T Martin
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Richard K Zimmerman
- University of Pittsburgh, Schools of Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karen Wernli
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Manjusha Gaglani
- Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas. USA,Texas A&M University University College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Mark Thompson
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - Brendan Flannery
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - James Stevens
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - Terrence Tumpey
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - Min Z. Levine
- Corresponding author: Min Z Levine, PhD Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329. , Tel: 404-639-3504
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29
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Wang Y, Tang CY, Wan XF. Antigenic characterization of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:2841-2881. [PMID: 34905077 PMCID: PMC8669429 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Antigenic characterization of emerging and re-emerging viruses is necessary for the prevention of and response to outbreaks, evaluation of infection mechanisms, understanding of virus evolution, and selection of strains for vaccine development. Primary analytic methods, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent/lectin assays, hemagglutination inhibition, neuraminidase inhibition, micro-neutralization assays, and antigenic cartography, have been widely used in the field of influenza research. These techniques have been improved upon over time for increased analytical capacity, and some have been mobilized for the rapid characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 virus as well as its variants, facilitating the development of highly effective vaccines within 1 year of the initially reported outbreak. While great strides have been made for evaluating the antigenic properties of these viruses, multiple challenges prevent efficient vaccine strain selection and accurate assessment. For influenza, these barriers include the requirement for a large virus quantity to perform the assays, more than what can typically be provided by the clinical samples alone, cell- or egg-adapted mutations that can cause antigenic mismatch between the vaccine strain and circulating viruses, and up to a 6-month duration of vaccine development after vaccine strain selection, which allows viruses to continue evolving with potential for antigenic drift and, thus, antigenic mismatch between the vaccine strain and the emerging epidemic strain. SARS-CoV-2 characterization has faced similar challenges with the additional barrier of the need for facilities with high biosafety levels due to its infectious nature. In this study, we review the primary analytic methods used for antigenic characterization of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 and discuss the barriers of these methods and current developments for addressing these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- MU Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CIEID), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Cynthia Y Tang
- MU Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CIEID), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Xiu-Feng Wan
- MU Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CIEID), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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30
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Fox A, Carolan L, Leung V, Phuong HVM, Khvorov A, Auladell M, Tseng YY, Thai PQ, Barr I, Subbarao K, Mai LTQ, van Doorn HR, Sullivan SG. Opposing Effects of Prior Infection versus Prior Vaccination on Vaccine Immunogenicity against Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses. Viruses 2022; 14:470. [PMID: 35336877 PMCID: PMC8949461 DOI: 10.3390/v14030470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior vaccination can alternately enhance or attenuate influenza vaccine immunogenicity and effectiveness. Analogously, we found that vaccine immunogenicity was enhanced by prior A(H3N2) virus infection among participants of the Ha Nam Cohort, Viet Nam, but was attenuated by prior vaccination among Australian Health Care Workers (HCWs) vaccinated in the same year. Here, we combined these studies to directly compare antibody titers against 35 A(H3N2) viruses spanning 1968-2018. Participants received licensed inactivated vaccines containing A/HongKong/4801/2014 (H3N2). The analysis was limited to participants aged 18-65 Y, and compared those exposed to A(H3N2) viruses circulating since 2009 by infection (Ha Nam) or vaccination (HCWs) to a reference group who had no recent A(H3N2) infection or vaccination (Ha Nam). Antibody responses were compared by fitting titer/titer-rise landscapes across strains, and by estimating titer ratios to the reference group of 2009-2018 viruses. Pre-vaccination, titers were lowest against 2009-2014 viruses among the reference (no recent exposure) group. Post-vaccination, titers were, on average, two-fold higher among participants with prior infection and two-fold lower among participants with 3-5 prior vaccinations compared to the reference group. Titer rise was negligible among participants with 3-5 prior vaccinations, poor among participants with 1-2 prior vaccinations, and equivalent or better among those with prior infection compared to the reference group. The enhancing effect of prior infection versus the incrementally attenuating effect of prior vaccinations suggests that these exposures may alternately promote and constrain the generation of memory that can be recalled by a new vaccine strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Fox
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.C.); (V.L.); (I.B.); (K.S.); (S.G.S.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (A.K.); (Y.-Y.T.)
| | - Louise Carolan
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.C.); (V.L.); (I.B.); (K.S.); (S.G.S.)
| | - Vivian Leung
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.C.); (V.L.); (I.B.); (K.S.); (S.G.S.)
| | - Hoang Vu Mai Phuong
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam; (H.V.M.P.); (P.Q.T.); (L.T.Q.M.)
| | - Arseniy Khvorov
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (A.K.); (Y.-Y.T.)
| | - Maria Auladell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Yeu-Yang Tseng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (A.K.); (Y.-Y.T.)
| | - Pham Quang Thai
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam; (H.V.M.P.); (P.Q.T.); (L.T.Q.M.)
| | - Ian Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.C.); (V.L.); (I.B.); (K.S.); (S.G.S.)
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.C.); (V.L.); (I.B.); (K.S.); (S.G.S.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Le Thi Quynh Mai
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam; (H.V.M.P.); (P.Q.T.); (L.T.Q.M.)
| | - H. Rogier van Doorn
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Africa Asia Programme, National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam;
- Centre of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LG, UK
| | - Sheena G. Sullivan
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.C.); (V.L.); (I.B.); (K.S.); (S.G.S.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (A.K.); (Y.-Y.T.)
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31
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Goldstein E, Fireman BH, Klein NP, Lipsitch M, Ray GT. Antibiotic prescribing across age groups in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California population in association with different diagnoses, and with influenza incidence, 2010-2018. Epidemiol Infect 2022; 150:e85. [PMID: 35506177 PMCID: PMC9074113 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268822000371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is limited information on the volume of antibiotic prescribing that is influenza-associated, resulting from influenza infections and their complications (such as streptococcal pharyngitis and otitis media). Here, we estimated age/diagnosis-specific proportions of antibiotic prescriptions (fills) for the Kaiser Permanente Northern California population during 2010-2018 that were influenza-associated. The proportion of influenza-associated antibiotic prescribing among all antibiotic prescribing was higher in children aged 5-17 years compared to children aged under 5 years, ranging from 1.4% [95% CI (0.7-2.1)] in aged <1 year to 2.7% (1.9-3.4) in aged 15-17 years. For adults aged over 20 years, the proportion of influenza-associated antibiotic prescribing among all antibiotic prescribing was lower, ranging from 0.7% (0.5-1) for aged 25-29 years to 1.6% (1.2-1.9) for aged 60-64 years. Most of the influenza-associated antibiotic prescribing in children aged under 10 years was for ear infections, while for age groups over 25 years, 45-84% of influenza-associated antibiotic prescribing was for respiratory diagnoses without a bacterial indication. This suggests a modest benefit of increasing influenza vaccination coverage for reducing antibiotic prescribing, as well as the potential benefit of other measures to reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescribing for respiratory diagnoses with no bacterial indication in persons aged over 25 years, both of which may further contribute to the mitigation of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Goldstein
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | | | - Nicola P. Klein
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA 94612 USA
- Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Oakland, CA 94612 USA
| | - Marc Lipsitch
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - G. Thomas Ray
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA 94612 USA
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32
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Auladell M, Phuong HVM, Mai LTQ, Tseng YY, Carolan L, Wilks S, Thai PQ, Price D, Duong NT, Hang NLK, Thanh LT, Thuong NTH, Huong TTK, Diep NTN, Bich VTN, Khvorov A, Hensen L, Duong TN, Kedzierska K, Anh DD, Wertheim H, Boyd SD, Good-Jacobson KL, Smith D, Barr I, Sullivan S, van Doorn HR, Fox A. Influenza virus infection history shapes antibody responses to influenza vaccination. Nat Med 2022; 28:363-372. [PMID: 35177857 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01690-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies of successive vaccination suggest that immunological memory against past influenza viruses may limit responses to vaccines containing current strains. The impact of memory induced by prior infection is rarely considered and is difficult to ascertain, because infections are often subclinical. This study investigated influenza vaccination among adults from the Ha Nam cohort (Vietnam), who were purposefully selected to include 72 with and 28 without documented influenza A(H3N2) infection during the preceding 9 years (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry 12621000110886). The primary outcome was the effect of prior influenza A(H3N2) infection on hemagglutinin-inhibiting antibody responses induced by a locally available influenza vaccine administered in November 2016. Baseline and postvaccination sera were titrated against 40 influenza A(H3N2) strains spanning 1968-2018. At each time point (baseline, day 14 and day 280), geometric mean antibody titers against 2008-2018 strains were higher among participants with recent infection (34 (29-40), 187 (154-227) and 86 (72-103)) than among participants without recent infection (19 (17-22), 91 (64-130) and 38 (30-49)). On days 14 and 280, mean titer rises against 2014-2018 strains were 6.1-fold (5.0- to 7.4-fold) and 2.6-fold (2.2- to 3.1-fold) for participants with recent infection versus 4.8-fold (3.5- to 6.7-fold) and 1.9-fold (1.5- to 2.3-fold) for those without. One of 72 vaccinees with recent infection versus 4 of 28 without developed symptomatic A(H3N2) infection in the season after vaccination (P = 0.021). The range of A(H3N2) viruses recognized by vaccine-induced antibodies was associated with the prior infection strain. These results suggest that recall of immunological memory induced by prior infection enhances antibody responses to inactivated influenza vaccine and is important to attain protective antibody titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Auladell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Yeu-Yang Tseng
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise Carolan
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sam Wilks
- Centre for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pham Quang Thai
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - David Price
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory Epidemiology Unit and The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Le Thi Thanh
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hong Thuong
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Africa Asia Programme, National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Kieu Huong
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Africa Asia Programme, National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Ngoc Diep
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Africa Asia Programme, National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Vu Thi Ngoc Bich
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Africa Asia Programme, National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Arseniy Khvorov
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luca Hensen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tran Nhu Duong
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dang Duc Anh
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Heiman Wertheim
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Africa Asia Programme, National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Ha Noi, Vietnam.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Scott D Boyd
- Stanford University Medical Centre, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kim L Good-Jacobson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Derek Smith
- Centre for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sheena Sullivan
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - H Rogier van Doorn
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Africa Asia Programme, National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Ha Noi, Vietnam.,Centre of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Annette Fox
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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33
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Samanovic MI, Cornelius AR, Gray-Gaillard SL, Allen JR, Karmacharya T, Wilson JP, Wesley Hyman S, Tuen M, Koralov SB, Mulligan MJ, Sedaghat Herati R. Robust immune responses are observed after one dose of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine dose in SARS-CoV-2-experienced individuals. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabi8961. [PMID: 34874183 PMCID: PMC9248013 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abi8961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines will play the major role in helping to end the pandemic that has killed millions worldwide. COVID-19 vaccines have resulted in robust humoral responses and protective efficacy in human trials, but efficacy trials excluded individuals with a prior diagnosis of COVID-19. As a result, little is known about how immune responses induced by mRNA vaccines differ in individuals who recovered from COVID-19. Here, we evaluated longitudinal immune responses to two-dose BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in 15 adults who had experienced COVID-19, compared to 21 adults who did not have prior COVID-19. Consistent with prior studies of mRNA vaccines, we observed robust cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses in both cohorts after the second dose. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2–naive individuals had progressive increases in humoral and antigen-specific antibody-secreting cell (ASC) responses after each dose of vaccine, whereas SARS-CoV-2–experienced individuals demonstrated strong humoral and antigen-specific ASC responses to the first dose but these responses were not further enhanced after the second dose of the vaccine at the time points studied. Together, these data highlight the relevance of immunological history for understanding vaccine immune responses and may have implications for personalizing mRNA vaccination regimens used to prevent COVID-19, including for the deployment of booster shots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie I. Samanovic
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Amber R. Cornelius
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sophie L. Gray-Gaillard
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Joseph Richard Allen
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Trishala Karmacharya
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jimmy P. Wilson
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sara Wesley Hyman
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michael Tuen
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sergei B. Koralov
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine; New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mark J. Mulligan
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ramin Sedaghat Herati
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY 10016, USA
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34
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Guthmiller JJ, Han J, Utset HA, Li L, Lan LYL, Henry C, Stamper CT, McMahon M, O'Dell G, Fernández-Quintero ML, Freyn AW, Amanat F, Stovicek O, Gentles L, Richey ST, de la Peña AT, Rosado V, Dugan HL, Zheng NY, Tepora ME, Bitar DJ, Changrob S, Strohmeier S, Huang M, García-Sastre A, Liedl KR, Bloom JD, Nachbagauer R, Palese P, Krammer F, Coughlan L, Ward AB, Wilson PC. Broadly neutralizing antibodies target a haemagglutinin anchor epitope. Nature 2022; 602:314-320. [PMID: 34942633 PMCID: PMC8828479 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies that target epitopes of haemagglutinin on the influenza virus have the potential to provide near universal protection against influenza virus infection1. However, viral mutants that escape broadly neutralizing antibodies have been reported2,3. The identification of broadly neutralizing antibody classes that can neutralize viral escape mutants is critical for universal influenza virus vaccine design. Here we report a distinct class of broadly neutralizing antibodies that target a discrete membrane-proximal anchor epitope of the haemagglutinin stalk domain. Anchor epitope-targeting antibodies are broadly neutralizing across H1 viruses and can cross-react with H2 and H5 viruses that are a pandemic threat. Antibodies that target this anchor epitope utilize a highly restricted repertoire, which encodes two public binding motifs that make extensive contacts with conserved residues in the fusion peptide. Moreover, anchor epitope-targeting B cells are common in the human memory B cell repertoire and were recalled in humans by an oil-in-water adjuvanted chimeric haemagglutinin vaccine4,5, which is a potential universal influenza virus vaccine. To maximize protection against seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses, vaccines should aim to boost this previously untapped source of broadly neutralizing antibodies that are widespread in the human memory B cell pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna J Guthmiller
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Julianna Han
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Henry A Utset
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Carole Henry
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Meagan McMahon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - George O'Dell
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Monica L Fernández-Quintero
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alec W Freyn
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olivia Stovicek
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lauren Gentles
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sara T Richey
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alba Torrents de la Peña
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Victoria Rosado
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Haley L Dugan
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nai-Ying Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Micah E Tepora
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dalia J Bitar
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Siriruk Changrob
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shirin Strohmeier
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Klaus R Liedl
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jesse D Bloom
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Raffael Nachbagauer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter Palese
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lynda Coughlan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health (CVD), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Patrick C Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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35
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Wen FT, Malani A, Cobey S. The Potential Beneficial Effects of Vaccination on Antigenically Evolving Pathogens. Am Nat 2022; 199:223-237. [DOI: 10.1086/717410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank T. Wen
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Anup Malani
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
- University of Chicago Law School, Chicago, Illinois 60637; and University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Sarah Cobey
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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36
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Abstract
Antigenic drift refers to the evolutionary accumulation of amino acid substitutions in viral proteins selected by host adaptive immune systems as the virus circulates in a population. Antigenic drift can substantially limit the duration of immunity conferred by infection and vaccination. Here, I explain the factors contributing to the rapid antigenic drift of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and receptor proteins of other viruses and discuss the implications for SARS-CoV-2 evolution and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Yewdell
- Cellular Biology Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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37
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Oidtman RJ, Arevalo P, Bi Q, McGough L, Russo CJ, Vera Cruz D, Costa Vieira M, Gostic KM. Influenza immune escape under heterogeneous host immune histories. Trends Microbiol 2021; 29:1072-1082. [PMID: 34218981 PMCID: PMC8578193 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In a pattern called immune imprinting, individuals gain the strongest immune protection against the influenza strains encountered earliest in life. In many recent examples, differences in early infection history can explain birth year-associated differences in susceptibility (cohort effects). Susceptibility shapes strain fitness, but without a clear conceptual model linking host susceptibility to the identity and order of past infections general conclusions on the evolutionary and epidemic implications of cohort effects are not possible. Failure to differentiate between cohort effects caused by differences in the set, rather than the order (path), of past infections is a current source of confusion. We review and refine hypotheses for path-dependent cohort effects, which include imprinting. We highlight strategies to measure their underlying causes and emergent consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Oidtman
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philip Arevalo
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Qifang Bi
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lauren McGough
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Diana Vera Cruz
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marcos Costa Vieira
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katelyn M Gostic
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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38
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Creytens S, Pascha MN, Ballegeer M, Saelens X, de Haan CAM. Influenza Neuraminidase Characteristics and Potential as a Vaccine Target. Front Immunol 2021; 12:786617. [PMID: 34868073 PMCID: PMC8635103 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.786617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuraminidase of influenza A and B viruses plays a critical role in the virus life cycle and is an important target of the host immune system. Here, we highlight the current understanding of influenza neuraminidase structure, function, antigenicity, immunogenicity, and immune protective potential. Neuraminidase inhibiting antibodies have been recognized as correlates of protection against disease caused by natural or experimental influenza A virus infection in humans. In the past years, we have witnessed an increasing interest in the use of influenza neuraminidase to improve the protective potential of currently used influenza vaccines. A number of well-characterized influenza neuraminidase-specific monoclonal antibodies have been described recently, most of which can protect in experimental challenge models by inhibiting the neuraminidase activity or by Fc receptor-dependent mechanisms. The relative instability of the neuraminidase poses a challenge for protein-based antigen design. We critically review the different solutions that have been proposed to solve this problem, ranging from the inclusion of stabilizing heterologous tetramerizing zippers to the introduction of inter-protomer stabilizing mutations. Computationally engineered neuraminidase antigens have been generated that offer broad, within subtype protection in animal challenge models. We also provide an overview of modern vaccine technology platforms that are compatible with the induction of robust neuraminidase-specific immune responses. In the near future, we will likely see the implementation of influenza vaccines that confront the influenza virus with a double punch: targeting both the hemagglutinin and the neuraminidase.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antigenic Drift and Shift
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/ultrastructure
- Catalytic Domain/genetics
- Catalytic Domain/immunology
- Cross Protection
- Evolution, Molecular
- Humans
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Alphainfluenzavirus/enzymology
- Alphainfluenzavirus/genetics
- Alphainfluenzavirus/immunology
- Betainfluenzavirus/enzymology
- Betainfluenzavirus/genetics
- Betainfluenzavirus/immunology
- Mutation
- Nanoparticles
- Neuraminidase/administration & dosage
- Neuraminidase/genetics
- Neuraminidase/immunology
- Neuraminidase/ultrastructure
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/ultrastructure
- Viral Proteins/administration & dosage
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Viral Proteins/immunology
- Viral Proteins/ultrastructure
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Creytens
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB)-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mirte N. Pascha
- Section Virology, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marlies Ballegeer
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB)-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xavier Saelens
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB)-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cornelis A. M. de Haan
- Section Virology, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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39
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Egwang TG, Owalla TJ, Okurut E, Apungia G, Fox A, De Carlo C, Powell RL. Differential pre-pandemic breast milk IgA reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 and circulating human coronaviruses in Ugandan and American mothers. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 112:165-172. [PMID: 34547496 PMCID: PMC8450224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Uganda has registered fewer coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and deaths per capita than Western countries. The lower numbers of cases and deaths might be due to pre-existing cross-immunity induced by circulating common cold human coronaviruses (HCoVs) before the COVID-19 pandemic. To investigate pre-existing mucosal antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, a comparison was performed of IgA reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 and HCoVs in milk from mothers collected in 2018. METHODS Ugandan and United States milk samples were run on an ELISA to measure specific IgA to SARS-CoV-2 and HCoVs NL63, OC43, HKU1, and 229E spike proteins. Pooled plasma from United States SARS-CoV-2-positive and negative cases were positive and negative controls, respectively. RESULTS One Ugandan mother had high milk IgA reactivity against all HCoVs and SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. Ugandan mothers had significantly higher IgA reactivity against the betacoronavirus HCoV-OC43 than United States mothers (P = 0.018). By contrast, United States mothers had significantly higher IgA reactivity against the alphacoronaviruses HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63 than Ugandan mothers (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.035, respectively). CONCLUSION Some Ugandan mothers have pre-existing HCoV-induced IgA antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, which may be passed to infants via breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Egwang
- Human Milk and Lactation Research Center, Med Biotech Laboratories, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Tonny Jimmy Owalla
- Human Milk and Lactation Research Center, Med Biotech Laboratories, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Emmanuel Okurut
- Human Milk and Lactation Research Center, Med Biotech Laboratories, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Gonzaga Apungia
- Human Milk and Lactation Research Center, Med Biotech Laboratories, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alisa Fox
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Claire De Carlo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Rebecca L Powell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
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40
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Linderman SL, Ellebedy AH, Davis C, Eberhardt CS, Antia R, Ahmed R, Zarnitsyna VI. Influenza Immunization in the Context of Preexisting Immunity. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:a040964. [PMID: 32988981 PMCID: PMC8559541 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although we develop influenza immunity from an early age, it is insufficient to prevent future infection with antigenically novel strains. One proposed way to generate long-term protective immunity against a broad range of influenza virus strains is to boost responses to the conserved epitopes on the hemagglutinin, the major surface glycoprotein on the influenza virus. Influenza-specific humoral immunity comprises a large fraction of the overall immune memory in humans, and it has been long recognized that preexisting immunity to influenza shapes the response to subsequent influenza infections and vaccinations. However, the mechanisms by which preexisting immunity modulates the response to influenza vaccination are still not completely understood. Using a set of mathematical models, we explore several hypotheses that may contribute to diminished boosting of antibodies to conserved epitopes after repeated vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne L Linderman
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Ali H Ellebedy
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Carl Davis
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Christiane S Eberhardt
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
- Centre for Vaccinology and Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rustom Antia
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Veronika I Zarnitsyna
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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41
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Regional differences in vaccine uptake and serological responses to vaccine and circulating strains of H1N1 viruses among patients with confirmed influenza. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY PLUS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2021.100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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42
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Samanovic MI, Cornelius AR, Gray-Gaillard SL, Allen JR, Karmacharya T, Wilson JP, Hyman SW, Tuen M, Koralov SB, Mulligan MJ, Herati RS. Robust immune responses after one dose of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine dose in SARS-CoV-2 experienced individuals. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021:2021.02.07.21251311. [PMID: 33594383 PMCID: PMC7885942 DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.07.21251311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of COVID-19 vaccines will play the major role in helping to end the pandemic that has killed millions worldwide. COVID-19 vaccines have resulted in robust humoral responses and protective efficacy in human trials, but efficacy trials excluded individuals with a prior diagnosis of COVID-19. As a result, little is known about how immune responses induced by mRNA vaccines differ in individuals who recovered from COVID-19. Here, we evaluated longitudinal immune responses to two-dose BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in 15 adults who recovered from COVID-19, compared to 21 adults who did not have prior COVID-19 diagnosis. Consistent with prior studies of mRNA vaccines, we observed robust cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses in both cohorts following the second dose. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals had progressive increases in humoral and antigen-specific antibody-secreting cell (ASC) responses following each dose of vaccine, whereas SARS-CoV-2-experienced individuals demonstrated strong humoral and antigen-specific ASC responses to the first dose but muted responses to the second dose of the vaccine at the time points studied. Together, these data highlight the relevance of immunological history for understanding vaccine immune responses and may have significant implications for personalizing mRNA vaccination regimens used to prevent COVID-19, including booster shots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie I. Samanovic
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Amber R. Cornelius
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Sophie L. Gray-Gaillard
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Richard Allen
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Trishala Karmacharya
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Jimmy P. Wilson
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara Wesley Hyman
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Tuen
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Sergei B. Koralov
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark J. Mulligan
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Ramin Sedaghat Herati
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
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43
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Vieira MC, Donato CM, Arevalo P, Rimmelzwaan GF, Wood T, Lopez L, Huang QS, Dhanasekaran V, Koelle K, Cobey S. Lineage-specific protection and immune imprinting shape the age distributions of influenza B cases. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4313. [PMID: 34262041 PMCID: PMC8280188 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
How a history of influenza virus infections contributes to protection is not fully understood, but such protection might explain the contrasting age distributions of cases of the two lineages of influenza B, B/Victoria and B/Yamagata. Fitting a statistical model to those distributions using surveillance data from New Zealand, we found they could be explained by historical changes in lineage frequencies combined with cross-protection between strains of the same lineage. We found additional protection against B/Yamagata in people for whom it was their first influenza B infection, similar to the immune imprinting observed in influenza A. While the data were not informative about B/Victoria imprinting, B/Yamagata imprinting could explain the fewer B/Yamagata than B/Victoria cases in cohorts born in the 1990s and the bimodal age distribution of B/Yamagata cases. Longitudinal studies can test if these forms of protection inferred from historical data extend to more recent strains and other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos C Vieira
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Celeste M Donato
- Enteric Diseases Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Philip Arevalo
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Guus F Rimmelzwaan
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Timothy Wood
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Liza Lopez
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Q Sue Huang
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Vijaykrishna Dhanasekaran
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katia Koelle
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah Cobey
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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44
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Anomalous influenza seasonality in the United States and the emergence of novel influenza B viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2012327118. [PMID: 33495348 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2012327118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2019/2020 influenza season in the United States began earlier than any season since the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, with an increase in influenza-like illnesses observed as early as August. Also noteworthy was the numerical domination of influenza B cases early in this influenza season, in contrast to their typically later peak in the past. Here, we dissect the 2019/2020 influenza season not only with regard to its unusually early activity, but also with regard to the relative dynamics of type A and type B cases. We propose that the recent expansion of a novel influenza B/Victoria clade may be associated with this shift in the composition and kinetics of the influenza season in the United States. We use epidemiological transmission models to explore whether changes in the effective reproduction number or short-term cross-immunity between these viruses can explain the dynamics of influenza A and B seasonality. We find support for an increase in the effective reproduction number of influenza B, rather than support for cross-type immunity-driven dynamics. Our findings have clear implications for optimal vaccination strategies.
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45
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Paramsothy A, Lartey Jalloh S, Davies RA, Guttormsen AB, Cox RJ, Mohn KGI. Humoral and cellular immune responses in critically ill influenza A/H1N1-infected patients. Scand J Immunol 2021; 94:e13045. [PMID: 33891354 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There is limited knowledge of influenza-specific immune responses and their kinetics in critically ill patients. We investigated humoral and cellular immune responses after critical influenza A/H1N1 infection and hypothesized that dysfunctionality or absence of immune responses could contribute to more severe illness. We followed 12 patients hospitalized with severe influenza infection; the majority admitted to intensive care unit (ICU). Blood samples were collected at days 10 and 19 and at 5 months. Antibody responses to surface glycoproteins haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) of A/H1N1pdm09 were quantified by haemagglutination inhibition (HAI), microneutralization (MN), Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA). Influenza-specific antibody levels and avidity were measured separately for head and stalk domains of H1. Cytokine secreting CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses to conserved influenza epitopes (M1, NP and PB1) were analysed by FluoroSpot. Overall, the patients retained a high level of functional HA- and NA-specific antibodies over the study period. During the acute phase (up to 3 weeks from symptom onset), antibodies specific to H1 stalk increased earlier and were present in higher amount compared with H1 head-specific antibodies. The NA-specific antibodies and the non-neutralizing HA-specific antibody response for H1 head and H1 full-length showed a significant decline from acute to convalescent phase. Despite high total IgG concentrations, avidity to H1 head and H1 full-length protein remained low at all time points. Similarly, CD8+ T cell responses were continuously measured at low levels. In conclusion, our study found that critically ill patients were characterized by low HA-specific antibody avidity and CD8+ T cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abira Paramsothy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Influenza Centre, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Sarah Lartey Jalloh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Influenza Centre, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Richard A Davies
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Influenza Centre, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne-Berit Guttormsen
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rebecca J Cox
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Influenza Centre, University of Bergen, Norway.,Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristin G-I Mohn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Influenza Centre, University of Bergen, Norway.,Emergency Care Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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46
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Guthmiller JJ, Han J, Li L, Freyn AW, Liu STH, Stovicek O, Stamper CT, Dugan HL, Tepora ME, Utset HA, Bitar DJ, Hamel NJ, Changrob S, Zheng NY, Huang M, Krammer F, Nachbagauer R, Palese P, Ward AB, Wilson PC. First exposure to the pandemic H1N1 virus induced broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting hemagglutinin head epitopes. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/596/eabg4535. [PMID: 34078743 PMCID: PMC10173203 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abg4535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies are critical for protection against both drifted and shifted influenza viruses. Here, we reveal that first exposure to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus recalls memory B cells that are specific to the conserved receptor-binding site (RBS) or lateral patch epitopes of the hemagglutinin (HA) head domain. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) generated against these epitopes are broadly neutralizing against H1N1 viruses spanning 40 years of viral evolution and provide potent protection in vivo. Lateral patch-targeting antibodies demonstrated near universal binding to H1 viruses, and RBS-binding antibodies commonly cross-reacted with H3N2 viruses and influenza B viruses. Lateral patch-targeting mAbs were restricted to expressing the variable heavy-chain gene VH3-23 with or without the variable kappa-chain gene VK1-33 and often had a Y-x-R motif within the heavy-chain complementarity determining region 3 to make key contacts with HA. Moreover, lateral patch antibodies that used both VH3-23 and VK1-33 maintained neutralizing capability with recent pH1N1 strains that acquired mutations near the lateral patch. RBS-binding mAbs used a diverse repertoire but targeted the RBS epitope similarly and made extensive contacts with the major antigenic site Sb. Together, our data indicate that RBS- and lateral patch-targeting clones are abundant within the human memory B cell pool, and universal vaccine strategies should aim to drive antibodies against both conserved head and stalk epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna J Guthmiller
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Julianna Han
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alec W Freyn
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sean T H Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Olivia Stovicek
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Haley L Dugan
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Micah E Tepora
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Henry A Utset
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dalia J Bitar
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Natalie J Hamel
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Siriruk Changrob
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Nai-Ying Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Raffael Nachbagauer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Peter Palese
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Patrick C Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. .,Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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47
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Xie H, Xiang R, Wan HJ, Plant EP, Radvak P, Kosikova M, Li X, Zoueva O, Ye Z, Wan XF. Reduced Influenza B-Specific Postvaccination Antibody Cross-reactivity in the B/Victoria Lineage-Predominant 2019/20 Season. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 72:e776-e783. [PMID: 32990724 PMCID: PMC8315234 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influenza activity of the 2019/20 season remained high and widespread in the United States with type B viruses predominating the early season. The majority of B viruses characterized belonged to B/Victoria (B/Vic) lineage and contained a triple deletion of amino acid (aa) 162-164 in hemagglutinin (3DEL). These 3DEL viruses are antigenically distinct from B/Colorado/06/2017 (CO/06)-the B/Vic vaccine component of the 2018/19 and 2019/20 seasons representing the viruses with a double deletion of aa 162-163 in hemagglutinin (2DEL). METHODS We performed molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of circulating B/Vic viruses. We also conducted hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay using archived human postvaccination sera collected from healthy subjects administered with different types of 2018/19 or 2019/20 seasonal vaccines. Their HAI cross-reactivity to representative 3DEL viruses was analyzed. RESULTS The CO/06-specific human postvaccination sera, after being adjusted for vaccine type, had significantly reduced HAI cross-reactivity toward representative 3DEL viruses, especially the 136E+150K subgroup. The geometric mean titers against 3DEL viruses containing 136E+150K mutations were 1.6-fold lower in all populations (P = .051) and 1.9-fold lower in adults (P = .016) compared with those against the 136E+150N viruses. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that postvaccination antibodies induced by the B/Vic vaccine component of the 2019/20 influenza season had reduced HAI cross-reactivity toward predominant 3DEL viruses in the United States. A close monitoring of the 3DEL 136E+150K subgroup is warranted should this subgroup return and predominate the 2020/21 influenza season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Xie
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruoxuan Xiang
- Division of Biostatistics, Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Hamilton J Wan
- Center for Research on Influenza Systems Biology (CRISB), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Ewan P Plant
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter Radvak
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Martina Kosikova
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Xing Li
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Olga Zoueva
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhiping Ye
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiu-Feng Wan
- Center for Research on Influenza Systems Biology (CRISB), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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48
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Abstract
Novel animal influenza viruses emerge, initiate pandemics, and become endemic seasonal variants that have evolved to escape from prevalent herd immunity. These processes often outpace vaccine-elicited protection. Focusing immune responses on conserved epitopes may impart durable immunity. We describe a focused, protective antibody response, abundant in memory and serum repertoires, to a conserved region at the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) head interface. Structures of 11 examples, 8 reported here, from seven human donors demonstrate the convergence of responses on a single epitope. The 11 are genetically diverse, with one class having a common, IGκV1-39, light chain. All of the antibodies bind HAs from multiple serotypes. The lack of apparent genetic restriction and potential for elicitation by more than one serotype may explain their abundance. We define the head interface as a major target of broadly protective antibodies with the potential to influence the outcomes of influenza virus infection. IMPORTANCE The rapid appearance of mutations in circulating human influenza viruses and selection for escape from herd immunity require prediction of likely variants for an annual updating of influenza vaccines. The identification of human antibodies that recognize conserved surfaces on the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) has prompted efforts to design immunogens that might selectively elicit such antibodies. The recent discovery of a widely prevalent antibody response to the conserved interface between two HA "heads" (the globular, receptor-binding domains at the apex of the spike-like trimer) has added a new target for these efforts. We report structures of eight such antibodies, bound with HA heads, and compare them with each other and with three others previously described. Although genetically diverse, they all converge on a common binding site. The analysis here can guide immunogen design for preclinical trials.
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49
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Guthmiller JJ, Utset HA, Wilson PC. B Cell Responses against Influenza Viruses: Short-Lived Humoral Immunity against a Life-Long Threat. Viruses 2021; 13:965. [PMID: 34067435 PMCID: PMC8224597 DOI: 10.3390/v13060965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are critical for providing protection against influenza virus infections. However, protective humoral immunity against influenza viruses is limited by the antigenic drift and shift of the major surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Importantly, people are exposed to influenza viruses throughout their life and tend to reuse memory B cells from prior exposure to generate antibodies against new variants. Despite this, people tend to recall memory B cells against constantly evolving variable epitopes or non-protective antigens, as opposed to recalling them against broadly neutralizing epitopes of hemagglutinin. In this review, we discuss the factors that impact the generation and recall of memory B cells against distinct viral antigens, as well as the immunological limitations preventing broadly neutralizing antibody responses. Lastly, we discuss how next-generation vaccine platforms can potentially overcome these obstacles to generate robust and long-lived protection against influenza A viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna J. Guthmiller
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (H.A.U.); (P.C.W.)
| | - Henry A. Utset
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (H.A.U.); (P.C.W.)
| | - Patrick C. Wilson
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (H.A.U.); (P.C.W.)
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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50
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Abstract
We review the phenomenon of "original antigenic sin" (OAS) in antibody responses to influenza A virus (IAV) infection or vaccination. OAS refers to the preferential induction of antibodies with higher affinity to priming versus boosting immunogens. We emphasize its mechanistic basis and origins in the basic immunobiology of B-cell responses to myriad immunogens. We tabulate 23 studies in animals and humans to show that the magnitude of OAS depends on many variables. We discuss a number of misconceptions about OAS, examine the extent to which OAS is sinful, and argue that OAS is evolutionary selected and not a deleterious by-product of selection for other features of the immune response. We end by raising questions regarding the mechanistic basis of OAS whose answers could contribute to improving influenza virus vaccines on the road to the holy grail of a "universal" influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Yewdell
- Cellular Biology Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jefferson J S Santos
- Cellular Biology Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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