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Miao N, Cao D, Jin J, Ma G, Yu H, Qu J, Li G, Gao C, Dong D, Xia F, Li W. Tumor cell-intrinsic Piezo2 drives radioresistance by impairing CD8+ T cell stemness maintenance. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20231486. [PMID: 39167075 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20231486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Changes in mechanosensitive ion channels following radiation have seldom been linked to therapeutic sensitivity or specific factors involved in antitumor immunity. Here, in this study, we found that the mechanical force sensor, Piezo2, was significantly upregulated in tumor cells after radiation, and Piezo2 knockout in tumor cells enhanced tumor growth suppression by radiotherapy. Specifically, loss of Piezo2 in tumor cells induced their IL-15 expression via unleashing JAK2/STAT1/IRF-1 axis after radiation. This increase in IL-15 activates IL-15Rα on tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, thereby leading to their augmented effector and stem cell-like properties, along with reduced terminal exhausted feature. Importantly, Piezo2 expression was negatively correlated with CD8 infiltration, as well as with radiosensitivity of patients with rectum adenocarcinoma receiving radiotherapy treatment. Together, our findings reveal that tumor cell-intrinsic Piezo2 induces radioresistance by dampening the IRF-1/IL-15 axis, thus leading to impaired CD8+ T cell-dependent antitumor responses, providing insights into the further development of combination strategies to treat radioresistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naijun Miao
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongqing Cao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingsi Jin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guizhi Ma
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihui Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Junwen Qu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guiping Li
- Core Facility of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Caixia Gao
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ramerth A, Chapple B, Winter J, Moore W. The Other Side of the Perfect Cup: Coffee-Derived Non-Polyphenols and Their Roles in Mitigating Factors Affecting the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8966. [PMID: 39201652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is 10.5% among adults in the age range of 20-79 years. The primary marker of T2D is persistent fasting hyperglycemia, resulting from insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Multiple factors can promote the development of T2D, including obesity, inflammation, and oxidative stress. In contrast, dietary choices have been shown to prevent the onset of T2D. Oatmeal, lean proteins, fruits, and non-starchy vegetables have all been reported to decrease the likelihood of T2D onset. One of the most widely consumed beverages in the world, coffee, has also demonstrated an impressive ability to reduce T2D risk. Coffee contains a diverse array of bioactive molecules. The antidiabetic effects of coffee-derived polyphenols have been thoroughly described and recently reviewed; however, several non-polyphenolic molecules are less prominent but still elicit potent physiological actions. This review summarizes the effects of select coffee-derived non-polyphenols on various aspects of T2D pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Ramerth
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA 24515, USA
| | - Brooke Chapple
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA 24515, USA
| | - Jeremiah Winter
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA 24515, USA
| | - William Moore
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA 24515, USA
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van Wijck RTA, Sharma HS, Swagemakers SMA, Dik WA, IJspeert H, Dalm VASH, van Daele PLA, van Hagen PM, van der Spek PJ. Bioinformatic meta-analysis reveals novel differentially expressed genes and pathways in sarcoidosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1381031. [PMID: 38938383 PMCID: PMC11208482 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1381031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sarcoidosis is a multi-system inflammatory disease of unknown origin with heterogeneous clinical manifestations varying from a single organ non-caseating granuloma site to chronic systemic inflammation and fibrosis. Gene expression studies have suggested several genes and pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis, however, due to differences in study design and variable statistical approaches, results were frequently not reproducible or concordant. Therefore, meta-analysis of sarcoidosis gene-expression datasets is of great importance to robustly establish differentially expressed genes and signalling pathways. Methods We performed meta-analysis on 22 published gene-expression studies on sarcoidosis. Datasets were analysed systematically using same statistical cut-offs. Differentially expressed genes were identified by pooling of p-values using Edgington's method and analysed for pathways using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. Results A consistent and significant signature of novel and well-known genes was identified, those collectively implicated both type I and type II interferon mediated signalling pathways in sarcoidosis. In silico functional analysis showed consistent downregulation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 signalling, whereas cytokines like interferons and transcription factor STAT1 were upregulated. Furthermore, we analysed affected tissues to detect differentially expressed genes likely to be involved in granuloma biology. This revealed that matrix metallopeptidase 12 was exclusively upregulated in affected tissues, suggesting a crucial role in disease pathogenesis. Discussion Our analysis provides a concise gene signature in sarcoidosis and expands our knowledge about the pathogenesis. Our results are of importance to improve current diagnostic approaches and monitoring strategies as well as in the development of targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogier T. A. van Wijck
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hari S. Sharma
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sigrid M. A. Swagemakers
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Willem A. Dik
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanna IJspeert
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Virgil A. S. H. Dalm
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul L. A. van Daele
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - P. Martin van Hagen
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter J. van der Spek
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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4
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Musumeci A, McElwain CJ, Manna S, McCarthy F, McCarthy C. Exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus increases subclinical inflammation mediated in part by obesity. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 216:280-292. [PMID: 38334487 PMCID: PMC11097910 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a frequent and serious complication of pregnancy, often associated with obesity. Metabolic dysfunction and metainflammation are evident in both obesity and GDM. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed at defining the direct contribution of the immune system in GDM, across the main metabolic tissues, specifically focussing on elucidating the roles of obesity and GDM to the clinical outcome. Using immunoassays and multicolour flow cytometry, cytokine profiles and immune cell frequencies were measured in maternal circulation and central metabolic tissues [placenta and visceral adipose tissue (VAT)] in GDM-diagnosed (n = 28) and normal glucose tolerant (n = 32) women undergoing caesarean section. Participants were sub-grouped as non-obese [body mass index (BMI) < 30 kg/m2] or obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Unsupervised data analysis was performed on the flow cytometry data set to identify functional alterations. GDM obese participants had significantly elevated circulating IL-6 and IL-17A levels. GDM non-obese participants had elevated circulating IL-12p70, elevated placental IL-17A, and VAT IFN-γ production. Unsupervised clustering of immune populations across the three biological sites simultaneously, identified different NK- and T-cell phenotypes that were altered in NGT obese and GDM non-obese participants, while a classical tissue monocyte cluster was increased in GDM obese participants. In this study, there was significant evidence of subclinical inflammation, and significant alterations in clusters of NK cells, T cells, and tissue monocyte populations in GDM. While increased adiposity assimilates with increased inflammation in the non-pregnant state, this overt relationship may not be as evident during pregnancy and warrants further examination in future longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Musumeci
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colm John McElwain
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Samprikta Manna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fergus McCarthy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cathal McCarthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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5
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Lee SH, Suh JH, Heo MJ, Choi JM, Yang Y, Jung HJ, Gao Z, Yu Y, Jung SY, Kolonin MG, Cox AR, Hartig SM, Eltzschig HK, Ju C, Moore DD, Kim KH. The Hepatokine Orosomucoid 2 Mediates Beneficial Metabolic Effects of Bile Acids. Diabetes 2024; 73:701-712. [PMID: 38320268 PMCID: PMC11043061 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are pleiotropic regulators of metabolism. Elevated levels of hepatic and circulating BAs improve energy metabolism in peripheral organs, but the precise mechanisms underlying the metabolic benefits and harm still need to be fully understood. In the current study, we identified orosomucoid 2 (ORM2) as a liver-secreted hormone (i.e., hepatokine) induced by BAs and investigated its role in BA-induced metabolic improvements in mouse models of diet-induced obesity. Contrary to our expectation, under a high-fat diet (HFD), our Orm2 knockout (Orm2-KO) exhibited a lean phenotype compared with C57BL/6J control, partly due to the increased energy expenditure. However, when challenged with a HFD supplemented with cholic acid, Orm2-KO eliminated the antiobesity effect of BAs, indicating that ORM2 governs BA-induced metabolic improvements. Moreover, hepatic ORM2 overexpression partially replicated BA effects by enhancing insulin sensitivity. Mechanistically, ORM2 suppressed interferon-γ/STAT1 activities in inguinal white adipose tissue depots, forming the basis for anti-inflammatory effects of BAs and improving glucose homeostasis. In conclusion, our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of BA-induced liver-adipose cross talk through ORM2 induction. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ji Ho Suh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and Center for Perioperative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Mi Jeong Heo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and Center for Perioperative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Jong Min Choi
- Systems Onco-Immunology Laboratory, David J. Sugarbaker Division of Thoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and Center for Perioperative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Hyun-Jung Jung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and Center for Perioperative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Zhanguo Gao
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yongmei Yu
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Mikhail G. Kolonin
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Aaron R. Cox
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sean M. Hartig
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and Center for Perioperative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Cynthia Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and Center for Perioperative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - David D. Moore
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Kang Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and Center for Perioperative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
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6
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Giovenzana A, Bezzecchi E, Bichisecchi A, Cardellini S, Ragogna F, Pedica F, Invernizzi F, Di Filippo L, Tomajer V, Aleotti F, Scotti GM, Socci C, Cesana G, Olmi S, Morelli MJ, Falconi M, Giustina A, Bonini C, Piemonti L, Ruggiero E, Petrelli A. Fat-to-blood recirculation of partially dysfunctional PD-1 +CD4 Tconv cells is associated with dysglycemia in human obesity. iScience 2024; 27:109032. [PMID: 38380252 PMCID: PMC10877684 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by the accumulation of T cells in insulin-sensitive tissues, including the visceral adipose tissue (VAT), that can interfere with the insulin signaling pathway eventually leading to insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes. Here, we found that PD-1+CD4 conventional T (Tconv) cells, endowed with a transcriptomic and functional profile of partially dysfunctional cells, are diminished in VAT of obese patients with dysglycemia (OB-Dys), without a concomitant increase in apoptosis. These cells showed enhanced capacity to recirculate into the bloodstream and had a non-restricted TCRβ repertoire divergent from that of normoglycemic obese and lean individuals. PD-1+CD4 Tconv were reduced in the circulation of OB-Dys, exhibited an altered migration potential, and were detected in the liver of patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. The findings suggest a potential role for partially dysfunctional PD-1+CD4 Tconv cells as inter-organ mediators of IR in obese patients with dysglycemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefano Olmi
- San Marco Hospital GSD, Zingonia, Bergamo, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Falconi
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Giustina
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonini
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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7
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Braga Tibaes JR, Barreto Silva MI, Wollin B, Vine D, Tsai S, Richard C. Sex differences in systemic inflammation and immune function in diet-induced obesity rodent models: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13665. [PMID: 38072656 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Understanding sex differences in immunological responses in the context of obesity is important to improve health outcomes. This systematic review aimed to investigate sex differences in systemic inflammation, immune cell phenotype, and function in diet-induced obesity (DIO) animal models. A systematic search in Medline, Embase, and CINAHL from inception to April 2023 was conducted, using a combination of the following concepts: sex, obesity, cytokines, and immune cell phenotypes/function. Forty-one publications reporting on systemic inflammation (61%), cell phenotype (44%), and/or function (7%) were included. Females had lower systemic inflammation compared with males in response to DIO intervention and a higher proportion of macrophage (M)2-like cells compared with males that had a higher proportion of M1-like in adipose tissue. Although there were no clear sex differences in immune function, high-fat DIO intervention remains an important factor in the development of immune dysfunction in both males and females, including disturbances in cytokine production, proliferation, and migration of immune cells. Yet, the mechanistic links between diet and obesity on such immune dysfunction remain unclear. Future studies should investigate the role of diet and obesity in the functionality of immune cells and employ adequate methods for a high-quality investigation of sex differences in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Ines Barreto Silva
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Applied Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bethany Wollin
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Donna Vine
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sue Tsai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Caroline Richard
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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8
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Nikooyeh B, Zargaraan A, Ebrahimof S, Kalayi A, Zahedirad M, Yazdani H, Rismanchi M, Karami T, Khazraei M, Jafarpour A, Neyestani TR. Added γ-oryzanol boosted anti-inflammatory effects of canola oil in adult subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:425-433. [PMID: 37971692 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03275-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to examine the effects of daily intake of γ-oryzanol (ORZ)-fortified canola oil, as compared with plain canola and sunflower oils, on certain inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in adult subjects with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). METHODS We randomly allocated 92 adult subjects with T2D from both sexes to one of the following groups to receive: (a) ORZ-fortified canola oil (ORZO; n1 = 30); (b) unfortified canola oil (CANO; n2 = 32); or (c) sunflower oil (SUFO; n3 = 30) for 12 weeks. Dietary and laboratory evaluations were performed initially and finally. RESULTS Serum hs-CRP concentrations significantly decreased in ORZO group (from 3.1 ± 0.2 to 1.2 ± 0.2 mg/L), as compared with CANO (p = 0.003) and SUFO (p < 0.001) groups. Serum IL-6 significantly decreased just in ORZO (- 22.8%, p = 0.042) and CANO groups (- 19.8%, p = 0.038). However, the between-group differences were not significant. Serum IL-1β slightly decreased in ORZO (- 28.1%, p = 0.11) and increased in SUFO (+ 20.6%, p = 0.079) but between-group difference was statistically significant (p = 0.017). Serum IFN-γ concentrations decreased significantly only in ORZO (from 3.3 ± 0.08 to 2.9 ± 0.21 IU/mL, p = 0.044). Salivary IgA concentrations increased significantly in all three intervention groups. Notwithstanding, only the difference between ORZO and CANO groups was statistically significant (p = 0.042). Similarly, circulating malondialdehyde concentrations significantly decreased in all three groups but with no between-group significant difference. CONCLUSIONS Daily consumption of ORZ-fortified canola oil, compared with unfortified canola and sunflower oils, for 12 weeks resulted in boosting of certain anti-inflammatory effects of canola oil. These findings may have preventive implications for both clinicians and policy makers. This clinical trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (03.08.2022; NCT05271045).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Nikooyeh
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azizollaah Zargaraan
- Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Ebrahimof
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Kalayi
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Zahedirad
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hootan Yazdani
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Rismanchi
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taher Karami
- Department of Research and Development, Kourosh Food Industry, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Jafarpour
- Quality Assurance Unit, Kourosh Food Industry, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tirang R Neyestani
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Bradley D, Deng T, Shantaram D, Hsueh WA. Orchestration of the Adipose Tissue Immune Landscape by Adipocytes. Annu Rev Physiol 2024; 86:199-223. [PMID: 38345903 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042222-024353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is epidemic and of great concern because of its comorbid and costly inflammatory-driven complications. Extensive investigations in mice have elucidated highly coordinated, well-balanced interactions between adipocytes and immune cells in adipose tissue that maintain normal systemic metabolism in the lean state, while in obesity, proinflammatory changes occur in nearly all adipose tissue immune cells. Many of these changes are instigated by adipocytes. However, less is known about obesity-induced adipose-tissue immune cell alterations in humans. Upon high-fat diet feeding, the adipocyte changes its well-known function as a metabolic cell to assume the role of an immune cell, orchestrating proinflammatory changes that escalate inflammation and progress during obesity. This transformation is particularly prominent in humans. In this review, we (a) highlight a leading and early role for adipocytes in promulgating inflammation, (b) discuss immune cell changes and the time course of these changes (comparing humans and mice when possible), and (c) note how reversing proinflammatory changes in most types of immune cells, including adipocytes, rescues adipose tissue from inflammation and obese mice from insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bradley
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA;
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Pennsylvania State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Tuo Deng
- Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dharti Shantaram
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA;
| | - Willa A Hsueh
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA;
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10
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Lemos JRN, Hirani K, von Herrath M. Immunological and virological triggers of type 1 diabetes: insights and implications. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1326711. [PMID: 38239343 PMCID: PMC10794398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1326711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by an autoimmune process which culminates in the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. It is widely believed that a complex and multifactorial interplay between genetic and environmental factors, such as viruses, play a crucial role in the development of the disease. Research over the past few decades has shown that there is not one single viral culprit, nor one single genetic pathway, causing the disease. Rather, viral infections, most notably enteroviruses (EV), appear to accelerate the autoimmune process leading to T1D and are often seen as a precipitator of clinical diagnosis. In support of this hypothesis, the use of anti-viral drugs has recently shown efficacy in preserving beta cell function after onset of diabetes. In this review, we will discuss the various pathways that viral infections utilize to accelerate the development of T1D. There are three key mechanisms linking viral infections to beta-cell death: One is modulated by the direct infection of islets by viruses, resulting in their impaired function, another occurs in a more indirect fashion, by modulating the immune system, and the third is caused by heightened stress on the beta-cell by interferon-mediated increase of insulin resistance. The first two aspects are surprisingly difficult to study, in the case of the former, because there are still many questions about how viruses might persist for longer time periods. In the latter, indirect/immune case, viruses might impact immunity as a hit-and-run scenario, meaning that many or all direct viral footprints quickly vanish, while changes imprinted upon the immune system and the anti-islet autoimmune response persist. Given the fact that viruses are often associated with the precipitation of clinical autoimmunity, there are concerns regarding the impact of the recent global coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the development of autoimmune disease. The long-term effects of COVID-19 infection on T1D will therefore be discussed, including the increased development of new cases of T1D. Understanding the interplay between viral infections and autoimmunity is crucial for advancing our knowledge in this field and developing targeted therapeutic interventions. In this review we will examine the intricate relationship between viral infections and autoimmunity and discuss potential considerations for prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana R. N. Lemos
- Diabetes Research Institute (DRI), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Khemraj Hirani
- Diabetes Research Institute (DRI), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Division of Endocrine, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Matthias von Herrath
- Diabetes Research Institute (DRI), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Division of Endocrine, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Global Chief Medical Office, Novo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark
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11
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Jiang Y, Gong F. Immune cells in adipose tissue microenvironment under physiological and obese conditions. Endocrine 2024; 83:10-25. [PMID: 37768512 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03521-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review will focus on the immune cells in adipose tissue microenvironment and their regulatory roles in metabolic homeostasis of adipose tissue and even the whole body under physiological and obese conditions. METHODS This review used PubMed searches of current literature to examine adipose tissue immune cells and cytokines, as well as the complex interactions between them. RESULTS Aside from serving as a passive energy depot, adipose tissue has shown specific immunological function. Adipose tissue microenvironment is enriched with a large number of immune cells and cytokines, whose physiological regulation plays a crucial role for metabolic homeostasis. However, obesity causes pro-inflammatory alterations in these adipose tissue immune cells, which have detrimental effects on metabolism and increase the susceptibility of individuals to the obesity related diseases. CONCLUSIONS Adipose tissue microenvironment is enriched with various immune cells and cytokines, which regulate metabolic homeostasis of adipose tissue and even the whole body, whether under physiological or obese conditions. Targeting key immune cells and cytokines in adipose tissue microenvironment for obesity treatment becomes an attractive research point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Fengying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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12
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Gao F, Litchfield B, Wu H. Adipose tissue lymphocytes and obesity. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR AGING 2024; 4:5. [PMID: 38455510 PMCID: PMC10919906 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2023.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation in adipose tissue (AT), mainly evidenced by infiltration and phenotypic changes of various types of immune cells. Macrophages are the major innate immune cells and represent the predominant immune cell population within AT. Lymphocytes, including T cells and B cells, are adaptive immune cells and constitute another important immune cell population in AT. In obesity, CD8+ effector memory T cells, CD4+ Th1 cells, and B2 cells are increased in AT and promote AT inflammation, while regulatory T cells and Th2 cells, which usually function as immune regulatory or type 2 inflammatory cells, are reduced in AT. Immune cells may regulate the metabolism of adipocytes and other cells through various mechanisms, contributing to the development of metabolic diseases, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Efforts targeting immune cells and inflammation to prevent and treat obesity-linked metabolic disease have been explored, but have not yielded significant success in clinical studies. This review provides a concise overview of the changes in lymphocyte populations within AT and their potential role in AT inflammation and the regulation of metabolic functions in the context of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Huaizhu Wu
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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13
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Adeva-Andany MM, Domínguez-Montero A, Adeva-Contreras L, Fernández-Fernández C, Carneiro-Freire N, González-Lucán M. Body Fat Distribution Contributes to Defining the Relationship between Insulin Resistance and Obesity in Human Diseases. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e160823219824. [PMID: 37587805 DOI: 10.2174/1573399820666230816111624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The risk for metabolic and cardiovascular complications of obesity is defined by body fat distribution rather than global adiposity. Unlike subcutaneous fat, visceral fat (including hepatic steatosis) reflects insulin resistance and predicts type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In humans, available evidence indicates that the ability to store triglycerides in the subcutaneous adipose tissue reflects enhanced insulin sensitivity. Prospective studies document an association between larger subcutaneous fat mass at baseline and reduced incidence of impaired glucose tolerance. Case-control studies reveal an association between genetic predisposition to insulin resistance and a lower amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorgamma (PPAR-γ) promotes subcutaneous adipocyte differentiation and subcutaneous fat deposition, improving insulin resistance and reducing visceral fat. Thiazolidinediones reproduce the effects of PPAR-γ activation and therefore increase the amount of subcutaneous fat while enhancing insulin sensitivity and reducing visceral fat. Partial or virtually complete lack of adipose tissue (lipodystrophy) is associated with insulin resistance and its clinical manifestations, including essential hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, reduced HDL-c, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and kidney disease. Patients with Prader Willi syndrome manifest severe subcutaneous obesity without insulin resistance. The impaired ability to accumulate fat in the subcutaneous adipose tissue may be due to deficient triglyceride synthesis, inadequate formation of lipid droplets, or defective adipocyte differentiation. Lean and obese humans develop insulin resistance when the capacity to store fat in the subcutaneous adipose tissue is exhausted and deposition of triglycerides is no longer attainable at that location. Existing adipocytes become large and reflect the presence of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- María M Adeva-Andany
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
| | - Alberto Domínguez-Montero
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Fernández-Fernández
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
| | - Natalia Carneiro-Freire
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
| | - Manuel González-Lucán
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
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14
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Moraes DD, Mousovich-Neto F, Cury SS, Oliveira J, Souza JDS, Freire PP, Dal-Pai-Silva M, Mori MADS, Fernandez GJ, Carvalho RF. The Transcriptomic Landscape of Age-Induced Changes in Human Visceral Fat and the Predicted Omentum-Liver Connectome in Males. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051446. [PMID: 37239116 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging causes alterations in body composition. Specifically, visceral fat mass increases with age and is associated with age-related diseases. The pathogenic potential of visceral fat accumulation has been associated with its anatomical location and metabolic activity. Visceral fat may control systemic metabolism by secreting molecules that act in distal tissues, mainly the liver, through the portal vein. Currently, little is known about age-related changes in visceral fat in humans. Aiming to identify molecular and cellular changes occurring with aging in the visceral fat of humans, we analyzed publicly available transcriptomic data of 355 omentum samples from the Genotype-Tissue Expression portal (GTEx) of 20-79-year-old males and females. We identified the functional enrichment of genes associated with aging, inferred age-related changes in visceral fat cellularity by deconvolution analysis, profiled the senescence-associated secretory phenotype of visceral adipose tissue, and predicted the connectivity of the age-induced visceral fat secretome with the liver. We demonstrate that age induces alterations in visceral fat cellularity, synchronous to changes in metabolic pathways and a shift toward a pro-inflammatory secretory phenotype. Furthermore, our approach identified candidates such as ADIPOQ-ADIPOR1/ADIPOR2, FCN2-LPR1, and TF-TFR2 to mediate visceral fat-liver crosstalk in the context of aging. These findings cast light on how alterations in visceral fat with aging contribute to liver dysfunction and age-related disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo de Moraes
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato St., 255, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Felippe Mousovich-Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato St., 255, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Sarah Santiloni Cury
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
| | - Jakeline Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Dos Santos Souza
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Paccielli Freire
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
| | - Maeli Dal-Pai-Silva
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Alves da Silva Mori
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato St., 255, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Geysson Javier Fernandez
- Grupo Biologia y Control de Enfermedades Infeciosas (BCEI), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Robson Francisco Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
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15
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d'Aiello A, Bonanni A, Vinci R, Pedicino D, Severino A, De Vita A, Filomia S, Brecciaroli M, Liuzzo G. Meta-Inflammation and New Anti-Diabetic Drugs: A New Chance to Knock Down Residual Cardiovascular Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108643. [PMID: 37239990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) represents, with its macro and microvascular complications, one of the most critical healthcare issues for the next decades. Remarkably, in the context of regulatory approval trials, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) proved a reduced incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), i.e., cardiovascular death and heart failure (HF) hospitalizations. The cardioprotective abilities of these new anti-diabetic drugs seem to run beyond mere glycemic control, and a growing body of evidence disclosed a wide range of pleiotropic effects. The connection between diabetes and meta-inflammation seems to be the key to understanding how to knock down residual cardiovascular risk, especially in this high-risk population. The aim of this review is to explore the link between meta-inflammation and diabetes, the role of newer glucose-lowering medications in this field, and the possible connection with their unexpected cardiovascular benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia d'Aiello
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pneumological Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Bonanni
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ramona Vinci
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pneumological Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Pedicino
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Severino
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pneumological Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio De Vita
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pneumological Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Filomia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pneumological Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Brecciaroli
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pneumological Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Liuzzo
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pneumological Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
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16
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Hartinger R, Lederer EM, Schena E, Lattanzi G, Djabali K. Impact of Combined Baricitinib and FTI Treatment on Adipogenesis in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome and Other Lipodystrophic Laminopathies. Cells 2023; 12:1350. [PMID: 37408186 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic disease that causes premature aging symptoms, such as vascular diseases, lipodystrophy, loss of bone mineral density, and alopecia. HGPS is mostly linked to a heterozygous and de novo mutation in the LMNA gene (c.1824 C > T; p.G608G), resulting in the production of a truncated prelamin A protein called "progerin". Progerin accumulation causes nuclear dysfunction, premature senescence, and apoptosis. Here, we examined the effects of baricitinib (Bar), an FDA-approved JAK/STAT inhibitor, and a combination of Bar and lonafarnib (FTI) treatment on adipogenesis using skin-derived precursors (SKPs). We analyzed the effect of these treatments on the differentiation potential of SKPs isolated from pre-established human primary fibroblast cultures. Compared to mock-treated HGPS SKPs, Bar and Bar + FTI treatments improved the differentiation of HGPS SKPs into adipocytes and lipid droplet formation. Similarly, Bar and Bar + FTI treatments improved the differentiation of SKPs derived from patients with two other lipodystrophic diseases: familial partial lipodystrophy type 2 (FPLD2) and mandibuloacral dysplasia type B (MADB). Overall, the results show that Bar treatment improves adipogenesis and lipid droplet formation in HGPS, FPLD2, and MADB, indicating that Bar + FTI treatment might further ameliorate HGPS pathologies compared to lonafarnib treatment alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Hartinger
- Epigenetics of Aging, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, TUM School of Medicine, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering (MIBE), Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Lederer
- Epigenetics of Aging, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, TUM School of Medicine, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering (MIBE), Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Elisa Schena
- Unit of Bologna, CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", 40136 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- Unit of Bologna, CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", 40136 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Karima Djabali
- Epigenetics of Aging, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, TUM School of Medicine, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering (MIBE), Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
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17
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Shimamura Y, Noaki R, Oura Y, Ichikawa K, Kan T, Masuda S. Regulation of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin-Induced Inflammation in Spleen Cells from Diabetic Mice by Polyphenols. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11041039. [PMID: 37110462 PMCID: PMC10143252 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes are known to be more susceptible to infections following the establishment of Staphylococcus aureus in their nasal passages and on their skin. The present study evaluated the effects of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) on the immune responses of spleen cells derived from diabetic mice, and examined the effects of polyphenols, catechins, and nobiletin on inflammation-related gene expression associated with the immune response. (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), possessing hydroxyl groups, interacted with SEA, whereas nobiletin, possessing methyl groups, did not interact with SEA. The exposure of spleen cells derived from diabetic mice to SEA enhanced the expression of interferon gamma, suppressor of cytokine signaling 1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3, Janus kinase 2, and interferon regulatory factor 3, suggesting that SEA sensitivity is variable in the development of diabetes. Both EGCG and nobiletin changed the expression of genes related to SEA-induced inflammation in spleen cells, suggesting that they inhibit inflammation through different mechanisms. These results may lead to a better understanding of the SEA-induced inflammatory response during diabetogenesis, and the establishment of methods to control these effects with polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Shimamura
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Rina Noaki
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yukino Oura
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kenya Ichikawa
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kan
- Department of Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shuichi Masuda
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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18
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Subramanian N, Hofwimmer K, Tavira B, Massier L, Andersson DP, Arner P, Laurencikiene J. Adipose tissue specific CCL18 associates with cardiometabolic diseases in non-obese individuals implicating CD4 + T cells. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:84. [PMID: 37046242 PMCID: PMC10099890 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01803-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Obesity is linked to cardiometabolic diseases, however non-obese individuals are also at risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). White adipose tissue (WAT) is known to play a role in both T2D and CVD, but the contribution of WAT inflammatory status especially in non-obese patients with cardiometabolic diseases is less understood. Therefore, we aimed to find associations between WAT inflammatory status and cardiometabolic diseases in non-obese individuals. METHODS In a population-based cohort containing non-obese healthy (n = 17), T2D (n = 16), CVD (n = 18), T2D + CVD (n = 19) individuals, seventeen different cytokines were measured in WAT and in circulation. In addition, 13-color flow cytometry profiling was employed to phenotype the immune cells. Human T cell line (Jurkat T cells) was stimulated by rCCL18, and conditioned media (CM) was added to the in vitro cultures of human adipocytes. Lipolysis was measured by glycerol release. Blocking antibodies against IFN-γ and TGF-β were used in vitro to prove a role for these cytokines in CCL18-T-cell-adipocyte lipolysis regulation axis. RESULTS In CVD, T2D and CVD + T2D groups, CCL18 and CD4+ T cells were upregulated significantly compared to healthy controls. WAT CCL18 secretion correlated with the amounts of WAT CD4+ T cells, which also highly expressed CCL18 receptors suggesting that WAT CD4+ T cells are responders to this chemokine. While direct addition of rCCL18 to mature adipocytes did not alter the adipocyte lipolysis, CM from CCL18-treated T cells increased glycerol release in in vitro cultures of adipocytes. IFN-γ and TGF-β secretion was significantly induced in CM obtained from T cells treated with CCL18. Blocking these cytokines in CM, prevented CM-induced upregulation of adipocyte lipolysis. CONCLUSION We suggest that in T2D and CVD, increased production of CCL18 recruits and activates CD4+ T cells to secrete IFN-γ and TGF-β. This, in turn, promotes adipocyte lipolysis - a possible risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmadha Subramanian
- Lipid laboratory, Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Kaisa Hofwimmer
- Lipid laboratory, Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Beatriz Tavira
- Lipid laboratory, Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Lucas Massier
- Lipid laboratory, Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Daniel P Andersson
- Lipid laboratory, Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Lipid laboratory, Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Jurga Laurencikiene
- Lipid laboratory, Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden.
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19
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Vourdoumpa A, Paltoglou G, Charmandari E. The Genetic Basis of Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:1416. [PMID: 36986146 PMCID: PMC10058966 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence represents one of the most challenging public health problems of our century owing to its epidemic proportions and the associated significant morbidity, mortality, and increase in public health costs. The pathogenesis of polygenic obesity is multifactorial and is due to the interaction among genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. More than 1100 independent genetic loci associated with obesity traits have been currently identified, and there is great interest in the decoding of their biological functions and the gene-environment interaction. The present study aimed to systematically review the scientific evidence and to explore the relation of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variants (CNVs) with changes in body mass index (BMI) and other measures of body composition in children and adolescents with obesity, as well as their response to lifestyle interventions. Twenty-seven studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, which consisted of 7928 overweight/obese children and adolescents at different stages of pubertal development who underwent multidisciplinary management. The effect of polymorphisms in 92 different genes was assessed and revealed SNPs in 24 genetic loci significantly associated with BMI and/or body composition change, which contribute to the complex metabolic imbalance of obesity, including the regulation of appetite and energy balance, the homeostasis of glucose, lipid, and adipose tissue, as well as their interactions. The decoding of the genetic and molecular/cellular pathophysiology of obesity and the gene-environment interactions, alongside with the individual genotype, will enable us to design targeted and personalized preventive and management interventions for obesity early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Vourdoumpa
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - George Paltoglou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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20
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Straat ME, Martinez-Tellez B, van Eyk HJ, Bizino MB, van Veen S, Vianello E, Stienstra R, Ottenhoff THM, Lamb HJ, Smit JWA, Jazet IM, Rensen PCN, Boon MR. Differences in Inflammatory Pathways Between Dutch South Asians vs Dutch Europids With Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:931-940. [PMID: 36262060 PMCID: PMC9999357 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT South Asian individuals are more prone to develop type 2 diabetes (T2D) coinciding with earlier complications than Europids. While inflammation plays a central role in the development and progression of T2D, this factor is still underexplored in South Asians. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to study whether circulating messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts of immune genes are different between South Asian compared with Europid patients with T2D. METHODS A secondary analysis was conducted of 2 randomized controlled trials of Dutch South Asian (n = 45; age: 55 ± 10 years, body mass index [BMI]: 29 ± 4 kg/m2) and Dutch Europid (n = 44; age: 60 ± 7 years, BMI: 32 ± 4 kg/m2) patients with T2D. Main outcome measures included mRNA transcripts of 182 immune genes (microfluidic quantitative polymerase chain reaction; Fluidigm Inc) in fasted whole-blood, ingenuity pathway analyses (Qiagen). RESULTS South Asians, compared to Europids, had higher mRNA levels of B-cell markers (CD19, CD79A, CD79B, CR2, CXCR5, IGHD, MS4A1, PAX5; all fold change > 1.3, false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.008) and interferon (IFN)-signaling genes (CD274, GBP1, GBP2, GBP5, FCGR1A/B/CP, IFI16, IFIT3, IFITM1, IFITM3, TAP1; all FC > 1.2, FDR < 0.05). In South Asians, the IFN signaling pathway was the top canonical pathway (z score 2.6; P < .001) and this was accompanied by higher plasma IFN-γ levels (FC = 1.5, FDR = 0.01). Notably, the ethnic difference in gene expression was larger for women (20/182 [11%]) than men (2/182 [1%]). CONCLUSION South Asian patients with T2D show a more activated IFN-signaling pathway compared to Europid patients with T2D, which is more pronounced in women than men. We speculate that a more activated IFN-signaling pathway may contribute to the more rapid progression of T2D in South Asian compared with Europid individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike E Straat
- Correspondence: Mariëtte R. Boon, MD PhD, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Huub J van Eyk
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maurice B Bizino
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne van Veen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Vianello
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rinke Stienstra
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hildo J Lamb
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes W A Smit
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M Jazet
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte R Boon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
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21
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Li YJ, Zhang C, Martincuks A, Herrmann A, Yu H. STAT proteins in cancer: orchestration of metabolism. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:115-134. [PMID: 36596870 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00537-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Reprogrammed metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. However, the metabolic dependency of cancer, from tumour initiation through disease progression and therapy resistance, requires a spectrum of distinct reprogrammed cellular metabolic pathways. These pathways include aerobic glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, reactive oxygen species generation, de novo lipid synthesis, fatty acid β-oxidation, amino acid (notably glutamine) metabolism and mitochondrial metabolism. This Review highlights the central roles of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins, notably STAT3, STAT5, STAT6 and STAT1, in orchestrating the highly dynamic metabolism not only of cancer cells but also of immune cells and adipocytes in the tumour microenvironment. STAT proteins are able to shape distinct metabolic processes that regulate tumour progression and therapy resistance by transducing signals from metabolites, cytokines, growth factors and their receptors; defining genetic programmes that regulate a wide range of molecules involved in orchestration of metabolism in cancer and immune cells; and regulating mitochondrial activity at multiple levels, including energy metabolism and lipid-mediated mitochondrial integrity. Given the central role of STAT proteins in regulation of metabolic states, they are potential therapeutic targets for altering metabolic reprogramming in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jia Li
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Antons Martincuks
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Sorrento Therapeutics, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hua Yu
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
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22
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Shirakawa K, Sano M. Drastic transformation of visceral adipose tissue and peripheral CD4 T cells in obesity. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1044737. [PMID: 36685567 PMCID: PMC9846168 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1044737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has a pronounced effect on the immune response in systemic organs that results in not only insulin resistance but also altered immune responses to infectious diseases and malignant tumors. Obesity-associated microenvironmental changes alter transcriptional expression and metabolism in T cells, leading to alterations in T-cell differentiation, proliferation, function, and survival. Adipokines, cytokines, and lipids derived from obese visceral adipose tissue (VAT) may also contribute to the systemic T-cell phenotype, resulting in obesity-specific pathogenesis. VAT T cells, which have multiple roles in regulating homeostasis and energy utilization and defending against pathogens, are most susceptible to obesity. In particular, many studies have shown that CD4 T cells are deeply involved in the homeostasis of VAT endocrine and metabolic functions and in obesity-related chronic inflammation. In obesity, macrophages and adipocytes in VAT function as antigen-presenting cells and contribute to the obesity-specific CD4 T-cell response by inducing CD4 T-cell proliferation and differentiation into inflammatory effectors via interactions between major histocompatibility complex class II and T-cell receptors. When obesity persists, prolonged stimulation by leptin and circulating free fatty acids, repetitive antigen stimulation, activating stress responses, and hypoxia induce exhaustion of CD4 T cells in VAT. T-cell exhaustion is characterized by restricted effector function, persistent expression of inhibitory receptors, and a transcriptional state distinct from functional effector and memory T cells. Moreover, obesity causes thymic regression, which may result in homeostatic proliferation of obesity-specific T-cell subsets due to changes in T-cell metabolism and gene expression in VAT. In addition to causing T-cell exhaustion, obesity also accelerates cellular senescence of CD4 T cells. Senescent CD4 T cells secrete osteopontin, which causes further VAT inflammation. The obesity-associated transformation of CD4 T cells remains a negative legacy even after weight loss, causing treatment resistance of obesity-related conditions. This review discusses the marked transformation of CD4 T cells in VAT and systemic organs as a consequence of obesity-related microenvironmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Motoaki Sano
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Bensussen A, Torres-Magallanes JA, Roces de Álvarez-Buylla E. Molecular tracking of insulin resistance and inflammation development on visceral adipose tissue. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1014778. [PMID: 37026009 PMCID: PMC10070947 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1014778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is one of the most important sources of proinflammatory molecules in obese people and it conditions the appearance of insulin resistance and diabetes. Thus, understanding the synergies between adipocytes and VAT-resident immune cells is essential for the treatment of insulin resistance and diabetes. Methods We collected information available on databases and specialized literature to construct regulatory networks of VAT resident cells, such as adipocytes, CD4+ T lymphocytes and macrophages. These networks were used to build stochastic models based on Markov chains to visualize phenotypic changes on VAT resident cells under several physiological contexts, including obesity and diabetes mellitus. Results Stochastic models showed that in lean people, insulin produces inflammation in adipocytes as a homeostatic mechanism to downregulate glucose intake. However, when the VAT tolerance to inflammation is exceeded, adipocytes lose insulin sensitivity according to severity of the inflammatory condition. Molecularly, insulin resistance is initiated by inflammatory pathways and sustained by intracellular ceramide signaling. Furthermore, our data show that insulin resistance potentiates the effector response of immune cells, which suggests its role in the mechanism of nutrient redirection. Finally, our models show that insulin resistance cannot be inhibited by anti-inflammatory therapies alone. Conclusion Insulin resistance controls adipocyte glucose intake under homeostatic conditions. However, metabolic alterations such as obesity, enhances insulin resistance in adipocytes, redirecting nutrients to immune cells, permanently sustaining local inflammation in the VAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bensussen
- *Correspondence: Antonio Bensussen, ; Elena Roces de Álvarez-Buylla,
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24
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Rivera-Gonzalez O, Case CT, Wilson NA, Speed JS, Taylor EB. Endothelin receptor antagonism improves glucose tolerance and adipose tissue inflammation in an experimental model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E73-E84. [PMID: 36476039 PMCID: PMC9870584 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00274.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is elevated in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease characterized by high rates of hypertension, renal injury, and cardiovascular disease. SLE is also associated with an increased prevalence of obesity and insulin resistance compared to the general population. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that elevated ET-1 in SLE contributes to obesity and insulin resistance. For these studies, we used the NZBWF1 mouse model of SLE, which develops obesity and insulin resistance on a normal chow diet. To test this hypothesis, we treated control (NZW) and SLE (NZBWF1) mice with vehicle, atrasentan (ETA receptor antagonist, 10 mg/kg/day), or bosentan (ETA/ETB receptor antagonist, 100 mg/kg/day) for 4 wk. Neither treatment impacted circulating immunoglobulin levels, but treatment with bosentan lowered anti-dsDNA IgG levels, a marker of SLE disease activity. Treatment with atrasentan and bosentan decreased glomerulosclerosis, and atrasentan lowered renal T-cell infiltration. Body weight was lower in SLE mice treated with atrasentan or bosentan. Endothelin receptor antagonism also improved hyperinsulinemia, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, and glucose tolerance in SLE mice. Adipose tissue inflammation was also improved by endothelin receptor blockade. Taken together, these data suggest a potential therapeutic benefit for SLE patients with obesity and insulin resistance.NEW & NOTEWORTHY SLE is an autoimmune disease that is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and elevated endothelin-1. The present study demonstrated that pharmacological inhibition of endothelin receptors decreased body weight, insulin resistance, and adipose tissue inflammation in a murine model of SLE. The therapeutic potential of endothelin receptor antagonists to treat obesity-related diseases and pathophysiological conditions, such as autoimmune diseases and insulin resistance, has become increasingly clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Rivera-Gonzalez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Clinton T Case
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Natalie A Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Joshua S Speed
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Erin B Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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25
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Zhang YX, Ou MY, Yang ZH, Sun Y, Li QF, Zhou SB. Adipose tissue aging is regulated by an altered immune system. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1125395. [PMID: 36875140 PMCID: PMC9981968 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a widely distributed organ that plays a critical role in age-related physiological dysfunctions as an important source of chronic sterile low-grade inflammation. Adipose tissue undergoes diverse changes during aging, including fat depot redistribution, brown and beige fat decrease, functional decline of adipose progenitor and stem cells, senescent cell accumulation, and immune cell dysregulation. Specifically, inflammaging is common in aged adipose tissue. Adipose tissue inflammaging reduces adipose plasticity and pathologically contributes to adipocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, and ultimately, adipose tissue dysfunction. Adipose tissue inflammaging also contributes to age-related diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. There is an increased infiltration of immune cells into adipose tissue, and these infiltrating immune cells secrete proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Several important molecular and signaling pathways mediate the process, including JAK/STAT, NFκB and JNK, etc. The roles of immune cells in aging adipose tissue are complex, and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. In this review, we summarize the consequences and causes of inflammaging in adipose tissue. We further outline the cellular/molecular mechanisms of adipose tissue inflammaging and propose potential therapeutic targets to alleviate age-related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min-Yi Ou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Han Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Feng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang-Bai Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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26
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Abascal M, Sanjuan J, Moyano P, Sola E, Flores A, Garcia JM, Garcia J, Frejo MT, del Pino J. Insulin Signaling Disruption and INF-γ Upregulation Induce Aβ 1-42 and Hyperphosphorylated-Tau Proteins Synthesis and Cell Death after Paraquat Treatment of Primary Hippocampal Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:2214-2218. [PMID: 36394833 PMCID: PMC9768806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute and long-term paraquat (PQ) exposure produces hippocampal neurodegeneration and cognition decline. Although some mechanisms involved in these effects were found, the rest are unknown. PQ treatment, for 1 and 14 days, upregulated interferon-gamma signaling, which reduced insulin levels and downregulated the insulin pathway through phosphorylated-c-Jun N-terminal-kinase upregulation, increasing glucose levels and the production of Aβ1-42 and phosphorylated-tau, by beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) overexpression and phosphorylated-GSK3β (p-GSK3β; ser9) level reduction, respectively, which induced primary hippocampal neuronal loss. This novel information on the PQ mechanisms leading to hippocampal neurodegeneration could help reveal the PQ actions that lead to cognition dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Sanjuan
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary
School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Moyano
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary
School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain,Phone: +34-913943836;
| | - Emma Sola
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary
School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain,Phone: +34-913943836;
| | - Andrea Flores
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary
School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Garcia
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary
School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jimena Garcia
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary
School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Frejo
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary
School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier del Pino
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary
School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain,Phone: +34-913943836;
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27
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Interferon Family Cytokines in Obesity and Insulin Sensitivity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244041. [PMID: 36552805 PMCID: PMC9776768 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its associated complications are global public health concerns. Metabolic disturbances and immune dysregulation cause adipose tissue stress and dysfunction in obese individuals. Immune cell accumulation in the adipose microenvironment is the main cause of insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction. Infiltrated immune cells, adipocytes, and stromal cells are all involved in the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in adipose tissues and affect systemic homeostasis. Interferons (IFNs) are a large family of pleiotropic cytokines that play a pivotal role in host antiviral defenses. IFNs are critical immune modulators in response to pathogens, dead cells, and several inflammation-mediated diseases. Several studies have indicated that IFNs are involved in the pathogenesis of obesity. In this review, we discuss the roles of IFN family cytokines in the development of obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance.
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28
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Coletta S, Trevellin E, Benagiano M, Romagnoli J, Della Bella C, D’Elios MM, Vettor R, de Bernard M. The antigen CD300e drives T cell inflammation in adipose tissue and elicits an antibody response predictive of the insulin sensitivity recovery in obese patients. J Inflamm (Lond) 2022; 19:21. [PMID: 36419085 PMCID: PMC9682732 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-022-00318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and insulin resistance (IR), the key features of metabolic syndrome, are closely associated with a state of chronic, low-grade inflammation. Bariatric surgery leads to a considerable reduction in the adipose tissue mass and systemic inflammation along with a reduction of IR, with a whole-body metabolic improvement. However, a sizable portion of people experience an IR relapse within few years of remission.Numerous studies have attempted to explore the best clinical predictors of the improvement of insulin sensitivity and the maintenance of glucose homeostasis after bariatric surgery, but no simple fasting blood test has been found to be effective in predicting the short and long-term beneficial effects on glycaemia.With the present study, we investigated T-cell and antibody responses against CD300e, an antigen highly expressed in the adipose tissue of patients with obesity before the bariatric surgery-induced weight loss. We found both in fat tissue and in peripheral blood anti-CD300e-specific T helper 1 responses. Moreover, we evidenced in the sera of individuals with obesity an antibody response towards CD300e and revealed the existence of a significant correlation between the level of antibodies before surgery and the maintenance of glucose control after the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Coletta
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Trevellin
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Medical Clinic III, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marisa Benagiano
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Jacopo Romagnoli
- grid.8142.f0000 0001 0941 3192Department of Medicine and Translational Surgery, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Della Bella
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Milco D’Elios
- grid.9024.f0000 0004 1757 4641Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Roberto Vettor
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Medical Clinic III, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marina de Bernard
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Malaguarnera R, Gabriele C, Santamaria G, Giuliano M, Vella V, Massimino M, Vigneri P, Cuda G, Gaspari M, Belfiore A. Comparative proteomic analysis of insulin receptor isoform A and B signaling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 557:111739. [PMID: 35940390 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR) gene undergoes differential splicing generating two IR isoforms, IR-A and IR-B. The roles of IR-A in cancer and of IR-B in metabolic regulation are well known but the molecular mechanisms responsible for their different biological effects are poorly understood. We aimed to identify different or similar protein substrates and signaling linked to each IR isoforms. We employed mouse fibroblasts lacking IGF1R gene and expressing exclusively either IR-A or IR-B. By proteomic analysis a total of 2530 proteins were identified and quantified. Proteins and pathways mostly associated with insulin-activated IR-A were involved in cancer, stemness and interferon signaling. Instead, proteins and pathways associated with insulin-stimulated IR-B-expressing cells were mostly involved in metabolic or tumor suppressive functions. These results show that IR-A and IR-B recruit partially different multiprotein complexes in response to insulin, suggesting partially different functions of IR isoforms in physiology and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caterina Gabriele
- Research Centre for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Santamaria
- Research Centre for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Medicine and Molecular Cardiology, Technical University of Munich, Germany.
| | - Marika Giuliano
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122, Catania, Italy.
| | - Veronica Vella
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122, Catania, Italy.
| | - Michele Massimino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oncology Unit, University of Catania, 95100, Catania, Italy.
| | - Paolo Vigneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oncology Unit, University of Catania, 95100, Catania, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Research Centre for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Marco Gaspari
- Research Centre for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122, Catania, Italy.
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30
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Mahdavi S, Jenkins DJ, El-Sohemy A. Genetic variation in 9p21, dietary patterns, and insulin sensitivity. Front Genet 2022; 13:988873. [PMID: 36313440 PMCID: PMC9616109 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.988873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 9p21 region have been associated with cardiovascular disease and to a lesser extent insulin sensitivity. Previous studies have focused on older populations, and few have examined the impact of gene-diet interactions. The objective of this study was to determine the interaction between dietary patterns and 9p21 genotypes on insulin sensitivity in young adults from different ethnic groups. Methods: Subjects were 1,333 participants aged 20–29 years from the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health Study (405 men and 928 women; 776 Caucasians and 557 East Asians). Fasting blood was collected to measure glucose, insulin, c-reactive protein and serum lipids, as well as to isolate DNA for genotyping subjects for five SNPs in 9p21 (rs10757274, rs10757278, rs1333049, rs2383206, and rs4977574). Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta-cell dysfunction (HOMA-Beta) were calculated from fasting insulin and glucose concentrations. The Toronto-modified Harvard 196-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to measure dietary intake over 1 month and principal components analysis was used to identify three dietary patterns (Prudent, Western and Eastern). ANOVA and ANCOVA were used to examine gene-diet interactions on markers of insulin sensitivity. Results: Significant gene-diet interactions on insulin sensitivity using HOMA-IR were observed with all five SNPs, which remained significant after adjusting for covariates (p < 0.05). Among those who were homozygous for the 9p21 risk allele (rs1333049), fasting insulin was 40% higher in those who were consuming a low-prudent diet compared to those consuming a high-prudent diet (p < 0.05). No differences were observed between those following a low versus high-prudent diet among those who did not carry a 9p21 risk allele. Similar findings were observed with HOMA-Beta, however, the association was only significant for rs10757274 (p = 0.04). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that a prudent dietary pattern may protect against the effects of 9p21 risk genotypes on insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mahdavi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Risk Factor Modification Centre and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael’s Hospital, St. Michael’s Health Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David J.A. Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Risk Factor Modification Centre and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael’s Hospital, St. Michael’s Health Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ahmed El-Sohemy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Ahmed El-Sohemy,
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31
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Hong L, Lin Y, Yang X, Wu T, Zhang Y, Xie Z, Yu J, Zhao H, Yi G, Fu M. A Narrative Review of STAT Proteins in Diabetic Retinopathy: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Prospects. Ophthalmol Ther 2022; 11:2005-2026. [PMID: 36208390 PMCID: PMC9547576 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-022-00581-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a blinding disease, is one of the high-incidence chronic complications of diabetes. However, the current treatment for DR is mainly based on advanced pathological changes, which cannot reverse pre-existing retinal tissue damage and visual impairment. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins are essential in DR through early and late stages. They participate in the early stage of DR through multiple mechanisms and have a strong proangiogenic effect in the late stage. Inhibiting STAT proteins activity has also achieved a significant effect in reversing the pathological changes of DR. Thus, STAT proteins are expected to be an effective therapeutic target in the early stage of DR and can make up for inadequate late treatment. This review introduces the structure, signal transduction mode, and biological functions of STAT proteins in detail and focuses on their role in the mechanism of DR. We also summarize the current research on STAT-related biological agents in DR, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libing Hong
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqi Lin
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongyi Yang
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Wu
- The First Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuohang Xie
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieli Yu
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hejia Zhao
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoguo Yi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 26, Erheng Road, Yuancun, Tianhe, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Das R, Giri J, K Paul P, Froelich N, Chinnadurai R, McCoy S, Bushman W, Galipeau J. A STAT5-Smad3 dyad regulates adipogenic plasticity of visceral adipose mesenchymal stromal cells during chronic inflammation. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:41. [PMID: 36045134 PMCID: PMC9433418 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00244-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipogenic differentiation of visceral adipose tissue-resident multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (VA-MSC) into adipocytes is metabolically protective. Under chronic inflammatory stress, this neoadipogenesis process is suppressed by various pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. However, the underlying mechanism(s) regulating VA-MSC plasticity remains largely unexplored. Using an adipogenic differentiation screen, we identified IFNγ and TGFβ as key inhibitors of primary human VA-MSC differentiation. Further studies using human and mouse VA-MSCs and a chronic high-fat diet-fed murine model revealed that IFNγ/JAK2-activated STAT5 transcription factor is a central regulator of VA-MSC differentiation under chronic inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, our results indicate that under such conditions, IFNγ-activated STAT5 and TGFβ-activated Smad3 physically interact via Smad4. This STAT5-Smad4-Smad3 complex plays a crucial role in preventing the early adipogenic commitment of VA-MSCs by suppressing key pro-adipogenic transcription factors, including CEBPδ, CEBPα, and PPARγ. Genetic or pharmacological disruption of IFNγ-TGFβ synergy by inhibiting either STAT5 or Smad3 rescued adipogenesis under chronic inflammatory stress. Overall, our study delineates a central mechanism of MSC plasticity regulation by the convergence of multiple inflammatory signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Das
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jayeeta Giri
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Pradyut K Paul
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Nicole Froelich
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Raghavan Chinnadurai
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- School of Medicine, Mercer University, Savannah, GA, 31404, USA
| | - Sara McCoy
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Wade Bushman
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jacques Galipeau
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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33
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Tews D, Brenner RE, Siebert R, Debatin KM, Fischer-Posovszky P, Wabitsch M. 20 Years with SGBS cells - a versatile in vitro model of human adipocyte biology. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1939-1947. [PMID: 35986215 PMCID: PMC9584814 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
20 years ago, we described a human cell strain derived from subcutaneous adipose tissue of an infant supposed to have Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome (SGBS), thus called “SGBS cells”. Since then, these cells have emerged as the most commonly used cell model for human adipogenesis and human adipocyte biology. Although these adipocyte derived stem cells have not been genetically manipulated for transformation or immortalization, SGBS cells retain their capacity to proliferate and to differentiate into adipocytes for more than 50 population doublings, providing an almost unlimited source of human adipocyte progenitor cells. Original data obtained with SGBS cells led to more than 200 peer reviewed publications comprising investigations on adipogenesis and browning, insulin sensitivity, inflammatory response, adipokine production, as well as co-culture models and cell-cell communication. In this article, we provide an update on the characterization of SGBS cells, present basic methods for their application and summarize results of a systematic literature search on original data obtained with this cell strain.
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34
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Verma M, Loh NY, Sabaratnam R, Vasan SK, van Dam AD, Todorčević M, Neville MJ, Toledo E, Karpe F, Christodoulides C. TCF7L2 plays a complex role in human adipose progenitor biology, which might contribute to genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. Metabolism 2022; 133:155240. [PMID: 35697299 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-coding genetic variation at TCF7L2 is the strongest genetic determinant of type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk in humans. TCF7L2 encodes a transcription factor mediating the nuclear effects of WNT signaling in adipose tissue (AT). In vivo studies in transgenic mice have highlighted important roles for TCF7L2 in adipose tissue biology and systemic metabolism. OBJECTIVE To map the expression of TCF7L2 in human AT, examine its role in human adipose cell biology in vitro, and investigate the effects of the fine-mapped T2D-risk allele at rs7903146 on AT morphology and TCF7L2 expression. METHODS Ex vivo gene expression studies of TCF7L2 in whole and fractionated human AT. In vitro TCF7L2 gain- and/or loss-of-function studies in primary and immortalized human adipose progenitor cells (APCs) and mature adipocytes (mADs). AT phenotyping of rs7903146 T2D-risk variant carriers and matched controls. RESULTS Adipose progenitors (APs) exhibited the highest TCF7L2 mRNA abundance compared to mature adipocytes and adipose-derived endothelial cells. Obesity was associated with reduced TCF7L2 transcript levels in whole subcutaneous abdominal AT but paradoxically increased expression in APs. In functional studies, TCF7L2 knockdown (KD) in abdominal APs led to dose-dependent activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling, impaired proliferation and dose-dependent effects on adipogenesis. Whilst partial KD enhanced adipocyte differentiation, near-total KD impaired lipid accumulation and adipogenic gene expression. Over-expression of TCF7L2 accelerated adipogenesis. In contrast, TCF7L2-KD in gluteal APs dose-dependently enhanced lipid accumulation. Transcriptome-wide profiling revealed that TCF7L2 might modulate multiple aspects of AP biology including extracellular matrix secretion, immune signaling and apoptosis. The T2D-risk allele at rs7903146 was associated with reduced AP TCF7L2 expression and enhanced AT insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS TCF7L2 plays a complex role in AP biology and has both dose- and depot-dependent effects on adipogenesis. In addition to regulating pancreatic insulin secretion, genetic variation at TCF7L2 might also influence T2D risk by modulating AP function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Verma
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Nellie Y Loh
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Rugivan Sabaratnam
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Senthil K Vasan
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Andrea D van Dam
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Marijana Todorčević
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Matthew J Neville
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Enrique Toledo
- Department of Computational Biology, Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, UK
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, OUH Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Constantinos Christodoulides
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, OUH Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.
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35
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Ahonen MA, Höring M, Nguyen VD, Qadri S, Taskinen JH, Nagaraj M, Wabitsch M, Fischer-Posovszky P, Zhou Y, Liebisch G, Haridas PAN, Yki-Järvinen H, Olkkonen VM. Insulin-inducible THRSP maintains mitochondrial function and regulates sphingolipid metabolism in human adipocytes. Mol Med 2022; 28:68. [PMID: 35715726 PMCID: PMC9204892 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormone responsive protein (THRSP) is a lipogenic nuclear protein that is highly expressed in murine adipose tissue, but its role in humans remains unknown. METHODS We characterized the insulin regulation of THRSP in vivo in human adipose tissue biopsies and in vitro in Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes. To this end, we measured whole-body insulin sensitivity using the euglycemic insulin clamp technique in 36 subjects [age 40 ± 9 years, body mass index (BMI) 27.3 ± 5.0 kg/m2]. Adipose tissue biopsies were obtained at baseline and after 180 and 360 min of euglycemic hyperinsulinemia for measurement of THRSP mRNA concentrations. To identify functions affected by THRSP, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of THRSP-silenced SGBS adipocytes. Mitochondrial function was assessed by measuring mitochondrial respiration as well as oxidation and uptake of radiolabeled oleate and glucose. Lipid composition in THRSP silencing was studied by lipidomic analysis. RESULTS We found insulin to increase THRSP mRNA expression 5- and 8-fold after 180 and 360 min of in vivo euglycemic hyperinsulinemia. This induction was impaired in insulin-resistant subjects, and THRSP expression was closely correlated with whole-body insulin sensitivity. In vitro, insulin increased both THRSP mRNA and protein concentrations in SGBS adipocytes in a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent manner. A transcriptomic analysis of THRSP-silenced adipocytes showed alterations in mitochondrial functions and pathways of lipid metabolism, which were corroborated by significantly impaired mitochondrial respiration and fatty acid oxidation. A lipidomic analysis revealed decreased hexosylceramide concentrations, supported by the transcript concentrations of enzymes regulating sphingolipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS THRSP is regulated by insulin both in vivo in human adipose tissue and in vitro in adipocytes, and its expression is downregulated by insulin resistance. As THRSP silencing decreases mitochondrial respiration and fatty acid oxidation, its downregulation in human adipose tissue could contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, disturbed sphingolipid metabolism could add to metabolic dysfunction in obese adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Ahonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.,Doctoral Programme in Clinical Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marcus Höring
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Van Dien Nguyen
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sami Qadri
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juuso H Taskinen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Meghana Nagaraj
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Systems Immunity University Research Institute, and Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Pamela Fischer-Posovszky
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - You Zhou
- Systems Immunity University Research Institute, and Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - P A Nidhina Haridas
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannele Yki-Järvinen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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36
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Schwartz C, Schmidt V, Deinzer A, Hawerkamp HC, Hams E, Bayerlein J, Röger O, Bailer M, Krautz C, El Gendy A, Elshafei M, Heneghan HM, Hogan AE, O'Shea D, Fallon PG. Innate PD-L1 limits T cell-mediated adipose tissue inflammation and ameliorates diet-induced obesity. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabj6879. [PMID: 35263149 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj6879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become a major health problem in the industrialized world. Immune regulation plays an important role in adipose tissue homeostasis; however, the initial events that shift the balance from a noninflammatory homeostatic environment toward inflammation leading to obesity are poorly understood. Here, we report a role for the costimulatory molecule programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in the limitation of diet-induced obesity. Functional ablation of PD-L1 on dendritic cells (DCs) using conditional knockout mice increased weight gain and metabolic syndrome during diet-induced obesity, whereas PD-L1 expression on type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), T cells, and macrophages was dispensable for obesity control. Using in vitro cocultures, DCs interacted with T cells and ILC2s via the PD-L1:PD-1 axis to inhibit T helper type 1 proliferation and promote type 2 polarization, respectively. A role for PD-L1 in adipose tissue regulation was also shown in humans, with a positive correlation between PD-L1 expression in visceral fat of people with obesity and elevated body weight. Thus, we define a mechanism of adipose tissue homeostasis controlled by the expression of PD-L1 by DCs, which may be a clinically relevant finding with regard to immune-related adverse events during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schwartz
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.,Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02R590 Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Viviane Schmidt
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Deinzer
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heike C Hawerkamp
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02R590 Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Emily Hams
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02R590 Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jasmin Bayerlein
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ole Röger
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Moritz Bailer
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Krautz
- Klinik für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Amr El Gendy
- Klinik für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Moustafa Elshafei
- Klinik für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helen M Heneghan
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, D04T6F4 Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Andrew E Hogan
- Kathleen Lonsdale Human Health Institute, Maynooth University, W23F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.,Obesity Immunology Research, St. Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, D04T6F4 Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Donal O'Shea
- Obesity Immunology Research, St. Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, D04T6F4 Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Padraic G Fallon
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02R590 Dublin 2, Ireland
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37
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Quante M, Iske J, Uehara H, Minami K, Nian Y, Maenosono R, Matsunaga T, Liu Y, Azuma H, Perkins D, Alegre ML, Zhou H, Elkhal A, Tullius SG. Taurodeoxycholic acid and valine reverse obesity-associated augmented alloimmune responses and prolong allograft survival. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:402-413. [PMID: 34551205 PMCID: PMC10614103 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Obesity initiates a chronic inflammatory network linked to perioperative complications and increased acute rejection rates in organ transplantation. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment of obesity recommended for morbidly obese transplant recipients. Here, we delineated the effects of obesity and bariatric surgery on alloimmunity and transplant outcomes in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Allograft survival was significantly shorter in DIO-mice. When performing sleeve gastrectomies (SGx) prior to transplantation, we found attenuated T cell-derived alloimmune responses resulting in prolonged allograft survival. Administering taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) and valine, metabolites depleted in DIO-mice and restored through SGx, prolonged graft survival in DIO-mice comparable with SGx an dampened Th1 and Th17 alloimmune responses while Treg frequencies and CD4+ T cell-derived IL-10 production were augmented. Moreover, in recipient animals treated with TDCA/valine, levels of donor-specific antibodies had been reduced. Mechanistically, TDCA/valine restrained inflammatory M1-macrophage polarization through TGR5 that compromised cAMP signaling and inhibited macrophage-derived T cell activation. Consistently, administering a TGR5 agonist to DIO-mice prolonged allograft survival. Overall, we provide novel insights into obesity-induced inflammation and its impact on alloimmunity. Furthermore, we introduce TDCA/valine as a noninvasive alternative treatment for obese transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Quante
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery
| | - Jasper Iske
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Hirofumi Uehara
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichiro Minami
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yeqi Nian
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ryochi Maenosono
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Matsunaga
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yang Liu
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haruhito Azuma
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - David Perkins
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Hao Zhou
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abdallah Elkhal
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefan G. Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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38
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Zheng J, Du M, Zhang J, Liang Z, Ahmad AA, Shen J, Salekdeh GH, Ding X. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal Inhibition of Hepatic Adipogenesis and Fat Catabolism in Yak for Adaptation to Forage Shortage During Cold Season. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:759521. [PMID: 35111749 PMCID: PMC8802892 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.759521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals have adapted behavioral and physiological strategies to conserve energy during periods of adverse conditions. Hepatic glucose is one such adaptation used by grazing animals. While large vertebrates have been shown to have feed utilization and deposition of nutrients—fluctuations in metabolic rate—little is known about the regulating mechanism that controls hepatic metabolism in yaks under grazing conditions in the cold season. Hence, the objective of this research was to integrate transcriptomic and metabolomic data to better understand how the hepatic responds to chronic nutrient stress. Our analyses indicated that the blood parameters related to energy metabolism (glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein lipase, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor 1) were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the cold season. The RNA-Seq results showed that malnutrition inhibited lipid synthesis (particularly fatty acid, cholesterol, and steroid synthesis), fatty acid oxidation, and lipid catabolism and promoted gluconeogenesis by inhibiting the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. For metabolite profiles, 359 metabolites were significantly altered in two groups. Interestingly, the cold season group remarkably decreased glutathione and phosphatidylcholine (18:2 (2E, 4E)/0:0). Moreover, integrative analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome demonstrated that glycolysis or gluconeogenesis, PPAR signaling pathway, fatty acid biosynthesis, steroid biosynthesis, and glutathione metabolism play an important role in the potential relationship between differential expression genes and metabolites. The reduced lipid synthesis, fatty acid oxidation, and fat catabolism facilitated gluconeogenesis by inhibiting the PPAR and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways to maintain the energy homeostasis of the whole body in the yak, thereby coping with the shortage of forages and adapting to the extreme environment of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanshan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mei Du
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zeyi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Anum Ali Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
- *Correspondence: Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh, ; Xuezhi Ding,
| | - Xuezhi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh, ; Xuezhi Ding,
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Matia-Garcia I, Vadillo E, Pelayo R, Muñoz-Valle JF, García-Chagollán M, Loaeza-Loaeza J, Vences-Velázquez A, Salgado-Goytia L, García-Arellano S, Parra-Rojas I. Th1/Th2 Balance in Young Subjects: Relationship with Cytokine Levels and Metabolic Profile. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:6587-6600. [PMID: 34908860 PMCID: PMC8664383 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s342545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aim to identify Th1 and Th2 cell clusters in young subjects, including their clinical and metabolic characteristics and the Th1/Th2 balance. Patients and Methods A total of 100 participants were included. The frequencies of Th1 and Th2 cells in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry. Serum C-reactive protein was measured using a turbidimetric assay, and insulin levels were quantified with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Circulating cytokine levels were analyzed using a multiplex system. Results A cluster analysis was performed to determine the Th1/Th2 balance in a group of young people, and 3 clusters were formed with the following characteristics: 1) subjects with a higher prevalence of hyperglycemia (38%), dyslipidemia (38–75%), and insulin resistance (50%), as well as a higher percentage of Th1 cells and Th1/Th2 ratio, including elevated IFN-ɣ levels; 2) subjects with a lower prevalence of hyperglycemia (23%) and insulin resistance (15.4%), but a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia (8–85%) with a predominance of Th2 cells, and lower Th1/Th2 ratio; 3) subjects with a lower prevalence of hyperglycemia (6%), insulin resistance (41%), and dyslipidemia (10–63%), as well as a balance of Th1 and Th2 cells and lower Th1/Th2 ratio, including low IFN-ɣ levels. Positive correlations between Th1 cells with IFN-γ, IL-12, and IL-1β and between Th2 cells with IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4 were found (p < 0.05). A significant increase in Th1 cells was observed in the presence of hyperglycemia and high LDL-C levels, as well as increased Th2 cells in the absence of abdominal obesity and high blood pressure, including low HDL-C levels. The Th1/Th2 ratio was higher in the group with high cardiometabolic risk (p = 0.03). Conclusion Th1/Th2 balance is related to metabolic abnormalities that may occur in young population, and thus the timely identification of different phenotypes may help predict an increased cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Matia-Garcia
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Eduardo Vadillo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rosana Pelayo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Atlixco, Puebla, México
| | - José F Muñoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Mariel García-Chagollán
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Jaqueline Loaeza-Loaeza
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Amalia Vences-Velázquez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Lorenzo Salgado-Goytia
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Samuel García-Arellano
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
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40
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Zhang Y, Skinner JP, Chong MM. Expression of the miR-17~92a cluster of microRNAs by regulatory T cells controls blood glucose homeostasis. Immunol Cell Biol 2021; 100:101-111. [PMID: 34888953 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a specialized immune cell type that play important roles in regulating immune responses. However, those found in adipose tissue, particularly visceral adipose tissue (VAT), have also been shown to exert metabolic regulatory functions. This study investigated the requirement of the miR-17~92a cluster of microRNAs in VAT Tregs and the impact on blood glucose. This cluster of microRNAs is one that we previously showed to be important for the fitness of Tregs found in secondary lymphoid organs. It was found that male mice with Treg-specific miR-17~92a deficiency are resistant to impaired glucose tolerance induced by a high-fat diet. However, high-fat feeding still impaired glucose tolerance in female mice with Treg-specific miR-17~92a deficiency. There was an increase in KLRG1- naïve Tregs and a loss of KLRG1+ terminally differentiated Tregs in the VAT of Treg-specific miR-17~92a-deficient male mice but not in female mice. The protection of male mice from high-fat feeding was also associated with increased interleukin-10 and reduced interferonγ expression by conventional CD4+ T cells and reduced interleukin-2 expression by both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the VAT. Together this suggests that expression of miR-17~92a by VAT Tregs regulates the effector phenotype of conventional T cells and in turn the metabolic function of adipose tissue and blood glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangnan Zhang
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine (St Vincent's), University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Jarrod P Skinner
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Mw Chong
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine (St Vincent's), University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
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Bharmal SH, Kimita W, Ko J, Petrov MS. Cytokine signature for predicting new-onset prediabetes after acute pancreatitis: A prospective longitudinal cohort study. Cytokine 2021; 150:155768. [PMID: 34823207 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Acute inflammation of the pancreas often leads to metabolic sequelae, the most common of which is new-onset prediabetes (and, ultimately, diabetes). However, there is a lack of studies on predictors of this sequela. The aim was to investigate whether cytokines/chemokines measured at baseline are predictive of new-onset prediabetes after acute pancreatitis (NOPAP). METHODS This was a prospective longitudinal cohort study (as part of the LACERTA project) that included 68 individuals with non-necrotising acute pancreatitis who had no diabetes mellitus. Of them, 17 individuals had prediabetes at baseline and during follow-up, 37 individuals had normoglycaemia at baseline and during follow-up, and 14 individuals had normoglycaemia at baseline and developed NOPAP during follow-up. A commercially available human cytokine/chemokine multiplex kit was used to measure a total of 28 analytes at baseline. Multinomial regression analyses were conducted to investigate the associations between the cytokines/chemokines and the three study groups. RESULTS Interleukin-1β and interferon γ significantly predicted progression to NOPAP with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.097 (1.002, 1.201) and 1.094 (1.003, 1.192), respectively (after accounting for age, sex, body mass index, and aetiology of acute pancreatitis). None of the studied cytokines/chemokines showed statistically significant associations with the antecedent prediabetes group (after accounting for the above covariates). CONCLUSION Elevated levels of interleukin-1β and interferon γ in acute pancreatitis individuals with normoglycaemia at baseline may predict progression to NOPAP during follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wandia Kimita
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Juyeon Ko
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maxim S Petrov
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
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42
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Innate-Immunity Genes in Obesity. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11111201. [PMID: 34834553 PMCID: PMC8623883 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The main functions of adipose tissue are thought to be storage and mobilization of the body’s energy reserves, active and passive thermoregulation, participation in the spatial organization of internal organs, protection of the body from lipotoxicity, and ectopic lipid deposition. After the discovery of adipokines, the endocrine function was added to the above list, and after the identification of crosstalk between adipocytes and immune cells, an immune function was suggested. Nonetheless, it turned out that the mechanisms underlying mutual regulatory relations of adipocytes, preadipocytes, immune cells, and their microenvironment are complex and redundant at many levels. One possible way to elucidate the picture of adipose-tissue regulation is to determine genetic variants correlating with obesity. In this review, we examine various aspects of adipose-tissue involvement in innate immune responses as well as variants of immune-response genes associated with obesity.
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43
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Krapić M, Kavazović I, Wensveen FM. Immunological Mechanisms of Sickness Behavior in Viral Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112245. [PMID: 34835051 PMCID: PMC8624889 DOI: 10.3390/v13112245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickness behavior is the common denominator for a plethora of changes in normal behavioral routines and systemic metabolism during an infection. Typical symptoms include temperature, muscle weakness, and loss of appetite. Whereas we experience these changes as a pathology, in fact they are a carefully orchestrated response mediated by the immune system. Its purpose is to optimize immune cell functionality against pathogens whilst minimizing viral replication in infected cells. Sickness behavior is controlled at several levels, most notably by the central nervous system, but also by other organs that mediate systemic homeostasis, such as the liver and adipose tissue. Nevertheless, the changes mediated by these organs are ultimately initiated by immune cells, usually through local or systemic secretion of cytokines. The nature of infection determines which cytokine profile is induced by immune cells and therefore which sickness behavior ensues. In context of infection, sickness behavior is typically beneficial. However, inappropriate activation of the immune system may induce adverse aspects of sickness behavior. For example, tissue stress caused by obesity may result in chronic activation of the immune system, leading to lasting changes in systemic metabolism. Concurrently, metabolic disease prevents induction of appropriate sickness behavior following viral infection, thus impairing the normal immune response. In this article, we will revisit recent literature that elucidates both the benefits and the negative aspects of sickness behavior in context of viral infection.
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Rivera-Gonzalez O, Wilson NA, Coats LE, Taylor EB, Speed JS. Endothelin receptor antagonism improves glucose handling, dyslipidemia, and adipose tissue inflammation in obese mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1773-1789. [PMID: 34278410 PMCID: PMC8650556 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is elevated in patients with obesity; however, its contribution to the pathophysiology related to obesity is not fully understood. We hypothesized that high ET-1 levels cause dyslipidemia, inflammation, and insulin resistance within the adipose tissue of obese mice. To test this hypothesis, male C57BL/6J mice were fed either normal diet (NMD) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks followed by 2 weeks of treatment with either vehicle, atrasentan (ETA receptor antagonist, 10 mg/kg/day) or bosentan (ETA/ETB receptor antagonist, 100 mg/kg/day). Atrasentan and bosentan lowered circulating non-esterified free fatty acids and triglycerides seen in HFD mice, while atrasentan-treated mice had significantly lower liver triglycerides compared with non-treated HFD mice. ET-1 receptor blockade significantly improved insulin tolerance compared with insulin-resistant HFD mice and lowered expression of genes in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) associated with insulin resistance and inflammation. Flow cytometric analyses of eWAT indicated that HFD mice had significantly higher percentages of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells compared with NMD mice, which was attenuated by treatment with atrasentan or bosentan. Atrasentan treatment also abolished the decrease in eosinophils seen in HFD mice. Taken together, these data indicate that ETA and ETA/ETB receptor blockade improves peripheral glucose homeostasis, dyslipidemia and liver triglycerides, and also attenuates the pro-inflammatory immune profile in eWAT of mice fed HFD. These data suggest a potential use for ETA and ETA/ETB receptor blockers in the treatment of obesity-associated dyslipidemia and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Rivera-Gonzalez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A
| | - Natalie A Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A
| | - Laura E Coats
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A
| | - Erin B Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A
| | - Joshua S Speed
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A
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Coppola A, Capuani B, Pacifici F, Pastore D, Arriga R, Bellia A, Andreadi A, Di Daniele N, Lauro R, Della-Morte D, Sconocchia G, Lauro D. Activation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Leptin Secretion: New Potential Role of Interleukin-2 and High Mobility Group Box (HMGB)1. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157988. [PMID: 34360753 PMCID: PMC8347813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of innate immunity and low-grade inflammation contributes to hyperglycemia and an onset of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Interleukin-2 (IL-2), leptin, High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB-1), and increased glucose concentrations are mediators of these processes also by modulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) response. The aim of this study was to investigate if HMGB-1 and IL-2 turn on PBMCs and their leptin secretion. In isolated human PBMCs and their subpopulations from healthy individuals and naïve T2DM patients, leptin release, pro-inflammatory response and Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) activation was measured. After treatment with IL-2 and HMGB1, NK (Natural Killer) have the highest amount of leptin secretion, whilst NK-T have the maximal release in basal conditions. TLR4 (TAK242) and/or TLR2 (TLR2-IgA) inhibitors decreased leptin secretion after IL-2 and HMGB1 treatment. A further non-significant increase in leptin secretion was reported in PBMCs of naive T2DM patients in response to IL-2 and HMGB-1 stimulation. Finally, hyperglycemia or hyperinsulinemia might stimulate leptin secretion from PBMCs. The amount of leptin released from PBMCs after the different treatments was enough to stimulate the secretion of IL-1β from monocytes. Targeting leptin sera levels and secretion from PBMCs could represent a new therapeutic strategy to counteract metabolic diseases such as T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Coppola
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (B.C.); (F.P.); (D.P.); (R.A.); (A.B.); (A.A.); (N.D.D.); (R.L.); (D.D.-M.)
| | - Barbara Capuani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (B.C.); (F.P.); (D.P.); (R.A.); (A.B.); (A.A.); (N.D.D.); (R.L.); (D.D.-M.)
| | - Francesca Pacifici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (B.C.); (F.P.); (D.P.); (R.A.); (A.B.); (A.A.); (N.D.D.); (R.L.); (D.D.-M.)
| | - Donatella Pastore
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (B.C.); (F.P.); (D.P.); (R.A.); (A.B.); (A.A.); (N.D.D.); (R.L.); (D.D.-M.)
| | - Roberto Arriga
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (B.C.); (F.P.); (D.P.); (R.A.); (A.B.); (A.A.); (N.D.D.); (R.L.); (D.D.-M.)
| | - Alfonso Bellia
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (B.C.); (F.P.); (D.P.); (R.A.); (A.B.); (A.A.); (N.D.D.); (R.L.); (D.D.-M.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Aikaterini Andreadi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (B.C.); (F.P.); (D.P.); (R.A.); (A.B.); (A.A.); (N.D.D.); (R.L.); (D.D.-M.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (B.C.); (F.P.); (D.P.); (R.A.); (A.B.); (A.A.); (N.D.D.); (R.L.); (D.D.-M.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Renato Lauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (B.C.); (F.P.); (D.P.); (R.A.); (A.B.); (A.A.); (N.D.D.); (R.L.); (D.D.-M.)
| | - David Della-Morte
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (B.C.); (F.P.); (D.P.); (R.A.); (A.B.); (A.A.); (N.D.D.); (R.L.); (D.D.-M.)
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Rome Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sconocchia
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Davide Lauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (B.C.); (F.P.); (D.P.); (R.A.); (A.B.); (A.A.); (N.D.D.); (R.L.); (D.D.-M.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(06)-2090-4666 or +39-(33)-773-5770; Fax: +39-(06)-20904668
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Induction of the CD24 Surface Antigen in Primary Undifferentiated Human Adipose Progenitor Cells by the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway. Biologics 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/biologics1020008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the murine model system of adipogenesis, the CD24 cell surface protein represents a valuable marker to label undifferentiated adipose progenitor cells. Indeed, when injected into the residual fat pads of lipodystrophic mice, these CD24 positive cells reconstitute a normal white adipose tissue (WAT) depot. Unluckily, similar studies in humans are rare and incomplete. This is because it is impossible to obtain large numbers of primary CD24 positive human adipose stem cells (hASCs). This study shows that primary hASCs start to express the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored CD24 protein when cultured with a chemically defined medium supplemented with molecules that activate the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. Therefore, this in vitro system may help understand the biology and role in adipogenesis of the CD24-positive hASCs. The induced cells’ phenotype was studied by flow cytometry, Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) techniques, and their secretion profile. The results show that CD24 positive cells are early undifferentiated progenitors expressing molecules related to the angiogenic pathway.
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Raja R, Wu C, Limbeck F, Butler K, Acharya AP, Curtis M. Instruction of Immunometabolism by Adipose Tissue: Implications for Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133327. [PMID: 34283042 PMCID: PMC8267940 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metabolism is the process by which living organisms and cells generate energy to sustain life. At the organismal level, metabolic homeostasis is a tightly controlled balance between energy consumption and energy expenditure. Many studies have shown that disruption of this homeostasis leads to an inflammatory phenotype within adipose tissue. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the dynamic metabolic interplay within adipose tissue and its implications for cancer progression and metastasis. Abstract Disruption of metabolic homeostasis at the organismal level can cause metabolic syndrome associated with obesity. The role of adipose tissue in cancer has been investigated over the last several decades with many studies implicating obesity as a risk factor for the development of cancer. Adipose tissue contains a diverse array of immune cell populations that promote metabolic homeostasis through a tightly controlled balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory signals. During obesity, pro-inflammatory cell types infiltrate and expand within the adipose tissue, exacerbating metabolic dysfunction. Some studies have now shown that the intracellular metabolism of immune cells is also deregulated by the lipid-rich environment in obesity. What is not fully understood, is how this may influence cancer progression, metastasis, and anti-tumor immunity. This review seeks to highlight our current understanding of the effect of adipose tissue on immune cell function and discuss how recent results offer new insight into the role that adipose tissue plays in cancer progression and anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remya Raja
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA; (R.R.); (C.W.); (F.L.)
| | - Christopher Wu
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA; (R.R.); (C.W.); (F.L.)
| | - Francesca Limbeck
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA; (R.R.); (C.W.); (F.L.)
| | - Kristina Butler
- Division of Gynecologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA;
| | - Abhinav P. Acharya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA;
| | - Marion Curtis
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA; (R.R.); (C.W.); (F.L.)
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
- College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
- Correspondence:
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Van Nguyen TT, Vu VV, Pham PV. Transcriptional Factors of Thermogenic Adipocyte Development and Generation of Brown and Beige Adipocytes From Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 16:876-892. [PMID: 32728995 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10013-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Brown and beige adipocytes have been widely known for their potential to dissipate excessive energy into heat form, resulting in an alleviation of obesity and other overweight-related conditions. This review highlights the origins, characteristics, and functions of the various kinds of adipocytes, as well as their anatomic distribution inside the human body. This review mainly focuses on various essential transcriptional factors such as PRDM16, FGF21, PPARα, PPARγ and PGC-1α, which exert their effects on the development and activation of thermogenic adipocytes via important pathways such as JAK-STAT, cAMP-PKA and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways. Additionally, this review will underline promising strategies to generate an unexhausted source of thermogenic adipocytes differentiated from human stem cells. These exogenous thermogenic adipocytes offer therapeutic potential for improvement of metabolic disorders via application as single cell or whole tissue transplantation. Graphical abstract Caption is required. Please provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Tuong Van Nguyen
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Science Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.,Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Vuong Van Vu
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Science Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.,Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Phuc Van Pham
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Science Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. .,Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. .,Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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Geng K, Ma X, Jiang Z, Huang W, Gao C, Pu Y, Luo L, Xu Y, Xu Y. Innate Immunity in Diabetic Wound Healing: Focus on the Mastermind Hidden in Chronic Inflammatory. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:653940. [PMID: 33967796 PMCID: PMC8097165 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.653940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that the interaction between immune and metabolic responses is essential for maintaining tissue and organ homeostasis. These interacting disorders contribute to the development of chronic diseases associated with immune-aging such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In Diabetic wound (DW), innate immune cells respond to the Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMAs) and/or Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), changes from resting to an active phenotype, and play an important role in the triggering and maintenance of inflammation. Furthermore, the abnormal activation of innate immune pathways secondary to immune-aging also plays a key role in DW healing. Here, we review studies of innate immune cellular molecular events that identify metabolic disorders in the local microenvironment of DW and provide a historical perspective. At the same time, we describe some of the recent progress, such as TLR receptor-mediated intracellular signaling pathways that lead to the activation of NF-κB and the production of various pro-inflammatory mediators, NLRP3 inflammatory via pyroptosis, induction of IL-1β and IL-18, cGAS-STING responds to mitochondrial injury and endoplasmic reticulum stress, links sensing of metabolic stress to activation of pro-inflammatory cascades. Besides, JAK-STAT is also involved in DW healing by mediating the action of various innate immune effectors. Finally, we discuss the great potential of targeting these innate immune pathways and reprogramming innate immune cell phenotypes in DW therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Geng
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine (Macau University of Science and Technology), Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, China.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, China.,Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,National Key Clinical Construction Specialty, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiumei Ma
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine (Macau University of Science and Technology), Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, China.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, China
| | - Zongzhe Jiang
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, China
| | - Chenlin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, China
| | - Yueli Pu
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, China
| | - Lifang Luo
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, China
| | - Youhua Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine (Macau University of Science and Technology), Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine (Macau University of Science and Technology), Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, China.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Gharib SA, Hurley AL, Rosen MJ, Spilsbury JC, Schell AE, Mehra R, Patel SR. Obstructive sleep apnea and CPAP therapy alter distinct transcriptional programs in subcutaneous fat tissue. Sleep 2021; 43:5686164. [PMID: 31872261 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been linked to dysregulated metabolic states, and treatment of sleep apnea may improve these conditions. Subcutaneous adipose tissue is a readily samplable fat depot that plays an important role in regulating metabolism. However, neither the pathophysiologic consequences of OSA nor the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in altering this compartment's molecular pathways are understood. This study aimed to systematically identify subcutaneous adipose tissue transcriptional programs modulated in OSA and in response to its effective treatment with CPAP. Two subject groups were investigated: Study Group 1 was comprised of 10 OSA and 8 controls; Study Group 2 included 24 individuals with OSA studied at baseline and following CPAP. For each subject, genome-wide gene expression measurement of subcutaneous fat was performed. Differentially activated pathways elicited by OSA (Group 1) and in response to its treatment (Group 2) were determined using network and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). In Group 2, treatment of OSA with CPAP improved apnea-hypopnea index, daytime sleepiness, and blood pressure, but not anthropometric measures. In Group 1, GSEA revealed many up-regulated gene sets in OSA subjects, most of which were involved in immuno-inflammatory (e.g. interferon-γ signaling), transcription, and metabolic processes such as adipogenesis. Unexpectedly, CPAP therapy in Group 2 subjects was also associated with up-regulation of several immune pathways as well as cholesterol biosynthesis. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that OSA alters distinct inflammatory and metabolic programs in subcutaneous fat, but these transcriptional signatures are not reversed with short-term effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina A Gharib
- Computational Medicine Core, Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Michael J Rosen
- Department of Surgery, Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - James C Spilsbury
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Amy E Schell
- Department of Otolaryngology, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Reena Mehra
- Sleep Disorders Center of the Neurologic Institute, Respiratory Institute, Heart and Vascular Institute and Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Sanjay R Patel
- Center for Sleep and Cardiovascular Outcomes Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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