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Kogan NM, Begmatova D, Vinnikova L, Malitsky S, Itkin M, Sharon E, Klinov A, Gorelick J, Koman I, Vogel Z, Mechoulam R, Pinhasov A. Endocannabinoid basis of personality-Insights from animal model of social behavior. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1234332. [PMID: 37663250 PMCID: PMC10468576 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1234332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The endocannabinoid system is known to be involved in learning, memory, emotional processing and regulation of personality patterns. Here we assessed the endocannabinoid profile in the brains of mice with strong characteristics of social dominance and submissiveness. Methods: A lipidomics approach was employed to assess the endocannabinoidome in the brains of Dominant (Dom) and Submissive (Sub) mice. The endocannabinoid showing the greatest difference in concentration in the brain between the groups, docosatetraenoyl ethanolamine (DEA), was synthesized, and its effects on the physiological and behavioral responses of Dom and Sub mice were evaluated. mRNA expression of the endocannabinoid receptors and enzymes involved in PUFA biosynthesis was assessed using qRT-PCR. Results: Targeted LC/MS analysis revealed that long-chain polyunsaturated ethanolamides including arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA), DEA, docosatrienoyl ethanolamide (DTEA), eicosatrienoyl ethanolamide (ETEA), eicosapentaenoyl ethanolamide (EPEA) and docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide (DHEA) were higher in the Sub compared with the Dom mice. Untargeted LC/MS analysis showed that the parent fatty acids, docosatetraenoic (DA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA), were higher in Sub vs. Dom. Gene expression analysis revealed increased mRNA expression of genes encoding the desaturase FADS2 and the elongase ELOVL5 in Sub mice compared with Dom mice. Acute DEA administration at the dose of 15 mg/kg produced antinociceptive and locomotion-inducing effects in Sub mice, but not in Dom mice. Subchronic treatment with DEA at the dose of 5 mg/kg augmented dominant behavior in wild-type ICR and Dom mice but not in Sub mice. Conclusion: This study suggests that the endocannabinoid system may play a role in the regulation of dominance and submissiveness, functional elements of social behavior and personality. While currently we have only scratched the surface, understanding the role of the endocannabinoid system in personality may help in revealing the mechanisms underlying the etiopathology of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya M. Kogan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- The Institute of Personalized and Translational Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Institute of Drug Research, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | - Sergey Malitsky
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maxim Itkin
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eyal Sharon
- The Institute of Personalized and Translational Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Artem Klinov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | | | - Igor Koman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- The Institute of Personalized and Translational Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Zvi Vogel
- Department of Neurbiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Albert Pinhasov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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2
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Sharma P, Lakra N, Goyal A, Ahlawat YK, Zaid A, Siddique KHM. Drought and heat stress mediated activation of lipid signaling in plants: a critical review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1216835. [PMID: 37636093 PMCID: PMC10450635 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1216835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are a principal component of plasma membrane, acting as a protective barrier between the cell and its surroundings. Abiotic stresses such as drought and temperature induce various lipid-dependent signaling responses, and the membrane lipids respond differently to environmental challenges. Recent studies have revealed that lipids serve as signal mediators forreducing stress responses in plant cells and activating defense systems. Signaling lipids, such as phosphatidic acid, phosphoinositides, sphingolipids, lysophospholipids, oxylipins, and N-acylethanolamines, are generated in response to stress. Membrane lipids are essential for maintaining the lamellar stack of chloroplasts and stabilizing chloroplast membranes under stress. However, the effects of lipid signaling targets in plants are not fully understood. This review focuses on the synthesis of various signaling lipids and their roles in abiotic stress tolerance responses, providing an essential perspective for further investigation into the interactions between plant lipids and abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Sharma
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Nita Lakra
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Chaudhary Charan Singh (CCS) Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Alisha Goyal
- Division of Crop Improvement, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)—Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Yogesh K. Ahlawat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Abbu Zaid
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
- Department of Botany, Government Gandhi Memorial (GGM) Science College, Cluster University Jammu, Jammu, India
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3
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Lehmann C, Zhou J. Cannabinoid effects in the microvasculature - CB, or not CB? That is the question! A mini-review. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2022; 83:287-292. [PMID: 36591655 DOI: 10.3233/ch-221677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoids play critical roles in human pathophysiology through the cannabinoid (CB) receptors and non-CB receptors on variety of cells, tissues, and organs. Microvasculature with the inside bloodstream containing the plasmatic and cellular components exerts multiple functions in maintaining tissue and organ physiology through microcirculation. This review focusses on the impact of cannabinoids on the microvasculature, including mechanisms mediated by both CB receptor-related pathways and CB receptor-independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lehmann
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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4
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Mensah E, Tabrizchi R, Daneshtalab N. Pharmacognosy and Effects of Cannabinoids in the Vascular System. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:1034-1049. [PMID: 36407955 PMCID: PMC9667477 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids is an essential subject due to the recent increasing global acceptance of cannabis and its derivation for recreational and therapeutic purposes. Elucidating the interaction between cannabinoids and the vascular system is critical to exploring cannabinoids as a prospective therapeutic agent for treating vascular-associated clinical conditions. This review aims to examine the effect of cannabinoids on the vascular system and further discuss the fundamental pharmacological properties and mechanisms of action of cannabinoids in the vascular system. Data from literature revealed a substantial interaction between endocannabinoids, phytocannabinoids, and synthetic cannabinoids within the vasculature of both humans and animal models. However, the mechanisms and the ensuing functional response is blood vessels and species-dependent. The current understanding of classical cannabinoid receptor subtypes and the recently discovered atypical cannabinoid receptors and the development of new synthetic analogs have further enhanced the pharmacological characterization of the vascular cannabinoid receptors. Compelling evidence also suggest that cannabinoids represent a formidable therapeutic candidate for vascular-associated conditions. Nonetheless, explanations of the mechanisms underlining these processes are complex and paradoxical based on the heterogeneity of receptors and signaling pathways. Further insight from studies that uncover the mechanisms underlining the therapeutic effect of cannabinoids in the treatment of vascular-associated conditions is required to determine whether the known benefits of cannabinoids thus currently outweigh the known/unknown risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Mensah
- Faculty
of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Reza Tabrizchi
- Faculty
of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Noriko Daneshtalab
- School
of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland
and Labrador, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
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5
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Hudz IA, Chernyshenko VO, Kasatkina LO, Urvant LP, Klimashevskyi VM, Tkachenko OS, Kosiakova HV, Hula NM, Platonova TM. N-Stearoylethanolamine Inhibits Integrin-Mediated Activation, Aggregation, and Adhesion of Human Platelets. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 383:2-10. [PMID: 35963618 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N-stearoylethanolamine (NSE), a lipid mediator that belongs to the N-acylethanolamine (NAE) family, has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and membranoprotective actions. In contrast to other NAEs, NSE does not interact with cannabinoid receptors. The exact mechanism of its action remains unclear. The aim of this study is to evaluate the action of NSE on activation, aggregation, and adhesion of platelets that were chosen as a model of cellular response. Aggregation of platelets was measured to analyze the action of NSE (10<sup>-6</sup>-10<sup>-10</sup> M) on platelet reactivity. Changes in granularity and shape of resting platelets and platelets stimulated with ADP in the presence of NSE were monitored by flow cytometry, and platelet deganulation was monitored by spectrofluorimetry. In vivo studies were performed using obese insulin-resistant rats. Binding of fibrinogen to the GPIIb/IIIa receptor was estimated using indirect ELISA and a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that NSE inhibits the activation and aggregation of human platelets. Our results suggest that NSE may decrease the activation and subsequent aggregation of platelets induced by ristocetin, epinephrine, and low doses of ADP. NSE also reduced the binding of fibrinogen to GPIIb/IIIa on activated platelets. These effects could be explained by the inhibition of platelet activation mediated by integrin receptors: the GPIb-IX-V complex for ristocetin-induced activation and GPIIb/IIIa when epinephrine and low doses of ADP were applied. The anti-platelet effect of NSE complements its anti-inflammatory effect and allows us to prioritize studies of NSE as a potent anti-thrombotic agent. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: N-stearoylethanolamine (NSE) was shown to possess inhibitory action on platelet activation, adhesion, and aggregation. The mechanism of inhibition possibly involves integrin receptors. This finding complements the known anti-inflammatory effects of NSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iehor A Hudz
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Lesia P Urvant
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | - Nadiia M Hula
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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N-oleoylethanolamide treatment of lymphoblasts deficient in Tafazzin improves cell growth and mitochondrial morphology and dynamics. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9466. [PMID: 35676289 PMCID: PMC9178007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13463-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is caused by mutations in the TAZ gene encoding the cardiolipin remodeling enzyme, Tafazzin. The study objective was to quantitatively examine growth characteristics and mitochondrial morphology of transformed lymphoblast cell lines derived from five patients with BTHS relative to five healthy controls, as well as the therapeutic potential of oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and linoleoylethanolamide (LEA). These bioactive lipids both activate PPARα, which may be therapeutic. BTHS lymphoblasts grew more slowly than controls, suggesting lymphopenia merits clinical investigation. Treatment of BTHS lymphoblasts with OEA, but not LEA, significantly restored mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as colony growth in all BTHS lymphoblast lines, although a full growth rescue was not achieved. Quantification analysis of electron micrographs from three BTHS and healthy lymphoblast donors indicated similar numbers of mitochondria per cell, but lower average cristae length per mitochondrion, and higher mitochondrial density. Additionally, BTHS lymphoblasts had larger mitochondria, and a higher percentage of abnormally large mitochondria (> 1 μm2) than healthy controls. Notably, OEA treatment significantly restored mitochondrial size, without affecting density or cristae lengths. Cardiolipin total content, relative linoleic acid content and monolysocardiolipin:cardiolipin ratios were not improved by OEA, indicating that effects on growth, and mitochondrial morphology and function, occurred without resolving this deficit. However, immunoblotting showed higher levels of OPA1, a biomarker for mitochondrial fusion, in BTHS lymphoblasts, which was attenuated by OEA treatment, implicating altered mitochondrial dynamics in the pathology and treatment of BTHS.
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7
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Cyril AC, Jan RK, Radhakrishnan R. Pain in chronic prostatitis and the role of ion channels: a brief overview. Br J Pain 2022; 16:50-59. [PMID: 35111314 PMCID: PMC8801692 DOI: 10.1177/20494637211015265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostatitis is the third most common urologic condition affecting more than half the male population at some point in their lives. There are different categories of prostatitis, of which approximately 90% of cases can be classified under the National Institute of Health (NIH) type III category (chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS)) with no causative agents identified. CP/CPPS is associated with several symptoms, of which the most prominent being chronic pain. Despite its high incidence, pain management in patients with CP/CPPS has been poor, possibly due to the lack of understanding of aetiological factors and mechanisms underlying pain development. METHODS An extensive literature search of published articles on the molecular mechanisms of pain in CP/CPPS was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar search engines (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov and https://scholar.google.com). The terms used for the search were: prostatitis, pain mechanism in CP/CPPS, prostatitis pain models, acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPVs), purinergic channels (P2X) in prostatitis pain mechanism and inflammatory mediators in CP/CPPS. The papers were identified based on the title and abstract, and after excluding the articles that did not emphasize the pain mechanism in CP/CPPS. Ninety-five articles (36 review and 59 original research papers) met our criteria and were included in the review. RESULTS A number of inflammatory mediator molecules and pain channels, including ASICs, transient receptor potential vanilloid channels (TRPVs) and P2Xs have been investigated for their role in prostatitis pain pathology using various animal models. CONCLUSION This review summarizes the pain mechanisms in CP/CPPS focusing on the inflammatory mediators, neurotransmitters, pain-transducing ion channels and small animal models developed for studying prostatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rajan Radhakrishnan
- Rajan Radhakrishnan, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Building 14, Dubai Healthcare City, P.O Box 505055, Dubai, UAE.
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Long W, Johnson J, Kalyaanamoorthy S, Light P. TRPV1 channels as a newly identified target for vitamin D. Channels (Austin) 2021; 15:360-374. [PMID: 33825665 PMCID: PMC8032246 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2021.1905248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is known to elicit many biological effects in diverse tissue types and is thought to act almost exclusively upon its canonical receptor within the nucleus, leading to gene transcriptional changes and the subsequent cellular response. However, not all the observed effects of vitamin D can be attributed to this sole mechanism, and other cellular targets likely exist but remain to be identified. Our recent discovery that vitamin D is a partial agonist of the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid family 1 (TRPV1) channel may provide new insights as to how this important vitamin exerts its biological effects either independently or in addition to the nuclear vitamin D receptor. In this review, we discuss the literature surrounding this apparent discrepancy in vitamin D signaling and compare vitamin D with known TRPV1 ligands with respect to their binding to TRPV1. Furthermore, we provide evidence supporting the notion that this novel vitamin D/TRPV1 axis may explain some of the beneficial actions of this vitamin in disease states where TRPV1 expression and vitamin D deficiency are known to overlap. Finally, we discuss whether vitamin D may also act on other members of the TRP family of ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentong Long
- Department of Pharmacology and the Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Janyne Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and the Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Peter Light
- Department of Pharmacology and the Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Oral Capsaicinoid Administration Alters the Plasma Endocannabinoidome and Fecal Microbiota of Reproductive-Aged Women Living with Overweight and Obesity. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091246. [PMID: 34572432 PMCID: PMC8471891 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicinoids, the pungent principles of chili peppers and prototypical activators of the transient receptor potential of the vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) channel, which is a member of the expanded endocannabinoid system known as the endocannabinoidome (eCBome), counteract food intake and obesity. In this exploratory study, we examined the blood and stools from a subset of the participants in a cohort of reproductive-aged women with overweight/obesity who underwent a 12-week caloric restriction of 500 kcal/day with the administration of capsaicinoids (two capsules containing 100 mg of a capsicum annuum extract (CAE) each for a daily dose of 4 mg of capsaicinoids) or a placebo. Samples were collected immediately before and after the intervention, and plasma eCBome mediator levels (from 23 participants in total, 13 placebo and 10 CAE) and fecal microbiota taxa (from 15 participants in total, 9 placebo and 6 CAE) were profiled using LC-MS/MS and 16S metagenomic sequencing, respectively. CAE prevented the reduced caloric-intake-induced decrease in beneficial eCBome mediators, i.e., the TRPV1, GPR119 and/or PPARα agonists, N-oleoyl-ethanolamine, N-linoleoyl-ethanolamine and 2-oleoyl-glycerol, as well as the anti-inflammatory N-acyl-ethanolamines N-docosapentaenyl-ethanolamine and N-docosahexaenoyl-ethanolamine. CAE produced few but important alterations in the fecal microbiota, such as an increased relative abundance of the genus Flavonifractor, which is known to be inversely associated with obesity. Correlations between eCBome mediators and other potentially beneficial taxa were also observed, thus reinforcing the hypothesis of the existence of a link between the eCBome and the gut microbiome in obesity.
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Tinto F, Archambault AS, Dumais É, Rakotoarivelo V, Kostrzewa M, Martin C, Plante PL, Desjardins Y, Simard M, Pouliot R, De Petrocellis L, Ligresti A, Di Marzo V, Flamand N. Synthesis and molecular targets of N-13-hydroxy-octadienoyl-ethanolamine, a novel endogenous bioactive 15-lipoxygenase-derived metabolite of N-linoleoyl-ethanolamine found in the skin and saliva. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158954. [PMID: 33915294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
N-Arachidonoyl-ethanolamine (AEA) is an endocannabinoid (eCB) and endogenous lipid mimicking many of the effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, notably on brain functions, appetite, pain and inflammation. The eCBs and eCB-like compounds contain fatty acids, the main classes being the monoacylglycerols and the N-acyl-ethanolamines (NAEs). Thus, each long chain fatty acid likely exists under the form of a monoacylglycerol and NAE, as it is the case for arachidonic acid (AA) and linoleic acid (LA). Following their biosynthesis, AA and AEA can be further metabolized into additional eicosanoids, notably by the 15-lipoxygenase pathway. Thus, we postulated that NAEs possessing a 1Z,4Z-pentadiene motif, near their omega end, would be transformed into their 15-lipoxygenase metabolites. As a proof of concept, we investigated N-linoleoyl-ethanolamine (LAE). We successfully synthesized LEA and LEA-d4 as well as their 15-lipoxygenase-derived derivatives, namely 13-hydroxy-9Z,11E-octadecadienoyl-N-ethanolamine (13-HODE-EA) and 13-HODE-EA-d4, using Novozyme 435 immobilized on acrylic resin and soybean lipoxygenase respectively. We also show that both human 15-lipoxygenase-1 and -2 can biosynthesize 13-HODE-EA. Co-incubation of LEA and LA with either human 15-lipoxygenase led to the biosynthesis of 13-HODE-EA and 13-HODE in a ratio equal to or greater than 3:1, indicating that LEA is preferred to LA by these enzymes. Finally, we show that 13-HODE-EA is found in human saliva and skin and is a weak although selective TRPV1 agonist. The full biological importance of 13-HODE-EA remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Tinto
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Anne-Sophie Archambault
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Élizabeth Dumais
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Volatiana Rakotoarivelo
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Magdalena Kostrzewa
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Cyril Martin
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Pier-Luc Plante
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Centre NUTRISS, École de nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Centre NUTRISS, École de nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Mélissa Simard
- Faculté de pharmacie de l'Université Laval, Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Axe médecine régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Roxane Pouliot
- Faculté de pharmacie de l'Université Laval, Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Axe médecine régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Luciano De Petrocellis
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Alessia Ligresti
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy; Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Centre NUTRISS, École de nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada; Joint International Unit between the CNR of Italy and Université Laval on Chemical and Biomolecular Research on the Microbiome and its Impact on Metabolic Health and Nutrition (UMI-MicroMeNu), Italy; Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Nicolas Flamand
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec City, Canada.
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11
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Cannon AE, Chapman KD. Lipid Signaling through G Proteins. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:720-728. [PMID: 33468433 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
N-Acylethanolamine (NAE) signaling has received considerable attention in vertebrates as part of the endocannabinoid signaling system, where anandamide acts as a ligand for G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors. Recent studies indicate that G proteins also are required for some types of NAE signaling in plants. The genetic ablation of the Gβγ dimer or loss of the full set of extra-large G proteins strongly attenuated NAE-induced chloroplast responses in seedlings. Intriguing parallels and distinct differences have emerged between plants and animals in NAE signaling, despite the conserved use of these lipid mediators to modulate cellular processes. Here we compare similarities and differences and identify open questions in a fundamental lipid signaling pathway in eukaryotes with components that are both conserved and diverged in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Cannon
- Wheat Health, Genetics, and Quality Research Unit, Agriculture Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA 99163, USA; Department of Crop and Soil Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA.
| | - Kent D Chapman
- BioDiscovery Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA.
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12
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Kwon EK, Choi Y, Yoon IH, Won HK, Sim S, Lee HR, Kim HS, Ye YM, Shin YS, Park HS, Ban GY. Oleoylethanolamide induces eosinophilic airway inflammation in bronchial asthma. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1036-1045. [PMID: 34079051 PMCID: PMC8257664 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00622-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic eosinophilic inflammatory disease with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Endocannabinoids are known to have immunomodulatory biological effects. However, the contribution of oleoylethanolamide (OEA) to airway inflammation remains to be elucidated. To investigate the effect of OEA, the expression of proinflammatory cytokines was measured by RT-qPCR and ELISA in airway epithelial (A549) cells. The numbers of airway inflammatory cells and cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, airway hyperresponsiveness, and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) were examined in BALB/c mice after 4 days of OEA treatment. Furthermore, eosinophil activation after OEA treatment was evaluated by measuring cellular CD69 levels in eosinophils from human peripheral eosinophils using flow cytometry. OEA induced type 2 inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo. OEA increased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-8, and IL-33, in A549 cells. In addition, it also induced eosinophilic inflammation, the production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-33 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and airway hyperresponsiveness. OEA increased the numbers of IL-5- or IL-13-producing ILC2s in a mouse model. Finally, we confirmed that OEA increased CD69 expression (an eosinophil activation marker) on purified eosinophils from patients with asthma compared to those from healthy controls. OEA may play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma by activating ILC2s and eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Kwon
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngwoo Choi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Il-Hee Yoon
- VHS Veterans Medical Research Institute, VHS Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha-Kyeong Won
- Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soyoon Sim
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | | | - Hyoung Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Min Ye
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yoo Seob Shin
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hae-Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ga-Young Ban
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. .,Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Dongtan, Korea.
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13
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Kasatkina LA, Rittchen S, Sturm EM. Neuroprotective and Immunomodulatory Action of the Endocannabinoid System under Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115431. [PMID: 34063947 PMCID: PMC8196612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are lipid-based retrograde messengers with a relatively short half-life that are produced endogenously and, upon binding to the primary cannabinoid receptors CB1/2, mediate multiple mechanisms of intercellular communication within the body. Endocannabinoid signaling is implicated in brain development, memory formation, learning, mood, anxiety, depression, feeding behavior, analgesia, and drug addiction. It is now recognized that the endocannabinoid system mediates not only neuronal communications but also governs the crosstalk between neurons, glia, and immune cells, and thus represents an important player within the neuroimmune interface. Generation of primary endocannabinoids is accompanied by the production of their congeners, the N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), which together with N-acylneurotransmitters, lipoamino acids and primary fatty acid amides comprise expanded endocannabinoid/endovanilloid signaling systems. Most of these compounds do not bind CB1/2, but signal via several other pathways involving the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and non-cannabinoid G-protein coupled receptors (GPRs) to mediate anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective activities. In vivo generation of the cannabinoid compounds is triggered by physiological and pathological stimuli and, specifically in the brain, mediates fine regulation of synaptic strength, neuroprotection, and resolution of neuroinflammation. Here, we review the role of the endocannabinoid system in intrinsic neuroprotective mechanisms and its therapeutic potential for the treatment of neuroinflammation and associated synaptopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila A. Kasatkina
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (L.A.K.); (S.R.)
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Sonja Rittchen
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (L.A.K.); (S.R.)
| | - Eva M. Sturm
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (L.A.K.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Ramal-Sanchez M, Bernabò N, Valbonetti L, Cimini C, Taraschi A, Capacchietti G, Machado-Simoes J, Barboni B. Role and Modulation of TRPV1 in Mammalian Spermatozoa: An Updated Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4306. [PMID: 33919147 PMCID: PMC8122410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the abundance of scientific publications, the polymodal sensor TRPV1 is known as one of the most studied proteins within the TRP channel family. This receptor has been found in numerous cell types from different species as well as in spermatozoa. The present review is focused on analyzing the role played by this important channel in the post-ejaculatory life of spermatozoa, where it has been described to be involved in events such as capacitation, acrosome reaction, calcium trafficking, sperm migration, and fertilization. By performing an exhaustive bibliographic search, this review gathers, for the first time, all the modulators of the TRPV1 function that, to our knowledge, were described to date in different species and cell types. Moreover, all those modulators with a relationship with the reproductive process, either found in the female tract, seminal plasma, or spermatozoa, are presented here. Since the sperm migration through the female reproductive tract is one of the most intriguing and less understood events of the fertilization process, in the present work, chemotaxis, thermotaxis, and rheotaxis guiding mechanisms and their relationship with TRPV1 receptor are deeply analyzed, hypothesizing its (in)direct participation during the sperm migration. Last, TRPV1 is presented as a pharmacological target, with a special focus on humans and some pathologies in mammals strictly related to the male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ramal-Sanchez
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (N.B.); (L.V.); (C.C.); (A.T.); (G.C.); (J.M.-S.); (B.B.)
| | - Nicola Bernabò
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (N.B.); (L.V.); (C.C.); (A.T.); (G.C.); (J.M.-S.); (B.B.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (CNR-IBBC/EMMA/Infrafrontier/IMPC), National Research Council, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Valbonetti
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (N.B.); (L.V.); (C.C.); (A.T.); (G.C.); (J.M.-S.); (B.B.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (CNR-IBBC/EMMA/Infrafrontier/IMPC), National Research Council, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Costanza Cimini
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (N.B.); (L.V.); (C.C.); (A.T.); (G.C.); (J.M.-S.); (B.B.)
| | - Angela Taraschi
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (N.B.); (L.V.); (C.C.); (A.T.); (G.C.); (J.M.-S.); (B.B.)
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Via Campo Boario 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Giulia Capacchietti
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (N.B.); (L.V.); (C.C.); (A.T.); (G.C.); (J.M.-S.); (B.B.)
| | - Juliana Machado-Simoes
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (N.B.); (L.V.); (C.C.); (A.T.); (G.C.); (J.M.-S.); (B.B.)
| | - Barbara Barboni
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (N.B.); (L.V.); (C.C.); (A.T.); (G.C.); (J.M.-S.); (B.B.)
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Manchanda M, Leishman E, Sangani K, Alamri A, Bradshaw HB. Activation of TRPV1 by Capsaicin or Heat Drives Changes in 2-Acyl Glycerols and N-Acyl Ethanolamines in a Time, Dose, and Temperature Dependent Manner. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:611952. [PMID: 33937226 PMCID: PMC8085603 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.611952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (eCBs) and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are associated with thermoregulation; however, there are many gaps in the understanding of how these signaling systems work together in responding to changes in temperature. TRPV1, a calcium-permeable ion channel, is activated by capsaicin, elevated temperature, the eCB Anandamide, and over 15 additional endogenous lipids. There is also evidence for signaling crosstalk between TRPV1 and the eCB receptor, CB1. We recently found that activation of TRPV1-HEK cells by capsaicin increases the production of the eCB, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), suggesting a molecular link between these receptors. Here, we tested the hypothesis that TRPV1 activation by capsaicin drives regulation of a wider-range of lipid signaling molecules and is time and dose-dependent. We also tested the hypothesis that changes in temperature that drive changes in calcium mobilization in TRPV1-HEK will likewise drive similar changes in lipid signaling molecule regulation. Lipid analysis was conducted by partial purification of methanolic extracts on C18 solid phase extraction columns followed by HPLC/MS/MS. Capsaicin increased the release of 2-acyl glycerols (2-AG, 2-linoleoyl glycerol, 2-oleoyl glycerol), in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, whereas levels of N-acyl ethanolamines (NAEs), including Anandamide, were significantly decreased. Analogous changes in 2-acyl glycerols and NAEs were measured upon ramping the temperature from 37 to 45°C. In contrast, opposite effects were measured when analyzing lipids after they were maintained at 27°C and then quickly ramped to 37°C, wherein 2-acyl glycerol levels decreased and NAEs increased. These results provide further evidence that the eCB system and TRPV1 have integrated signaling functions that are associated with the molecular response to temperature variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Manchanda
- Bradshaw Laboratory of Lipid Neuroscience, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Emma Leishman
- Bradshaw Laboratory of Lipid Neuroscience, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Kishan Sangani
- Bradshaw Laboratory of Lipid Neuroscience, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Ali Alamri
- Bradshaw Laboratory of Lipid Neuroscience, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Heather B Bradshaw
- Bradshaw Laboratory of Lipid Neuroscience, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
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Piscitelli F, Di Marzo V. Cannabinoids: a class of unique natural products with unique pharmacology. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-020-00966-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Hunter E, Stander M, Kossmann J, Chakraborty S, Prince S, Peters S, Loedolff B. Toward the identification of a phytocannabinoid-like compound in the flowers of a South African medicinal plant (Leonotis leonurus). BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:522. [PMID: 33172494 PMCID: PMC7653773 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05372-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current global trends on natural therapeutics suggest an increasing market interest toward the use and discovery of new plant-derived therapeutic compounds, often referred to as traditional medicine (TM). The Cannabis industry is currently one such focal area receiving attention, owing to the occurrence of phytocannabinoids (pCBs) which have shown promise in health-promotion and disease prevention. However, the occurrence of pCBs in other plant species are often overlooked and rarely studied. Leonotis leonurus (L.) R. Br. is endemic to South Africa with a rich history of use in TM practices amongst indigenous people and, has been recorded to induce mild psychoactive effects akin to Cannabis. While the leaves have been well-reported to contain therapeutic phytochemicals, little information exists on the flowers. Consequently, as part of a larger research venture, we targeted the flowers of L. leonurus for the identification of potential pCB or pCB-like compounds. RESULTS Flower extracts were separated and analyzed using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). A single pCB candidate was isolated from HPTLC plates and, using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), we could successfully group this compound as a fatty amide and tentatively identified as 7,10,13,16-Docosatetraenoylethanolamine (adrenoyl-EA), a known bioactive compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Hunter
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - M. Stander
- Central Analytical Facilities, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - J. Kossmann
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - S. Chakraborty
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S. Prince
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S. Peters
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Bianke Loedolff
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Long W, Fatehi M, Soni S, Panigrahi R, Philippaert K, Yu Y, Kelly R, Boonen B, Barr A, Golec D, Campbell SA, Ondrusova K, Hubert M, Baldwin T, Lemieux MJ, Light PE. Vitamin D is an endogenous partial agonist of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channel. J Physiol 2020; 598:4321-4338. [PMID: 32721035 PMCID: PMC7589233 DOI: 10.1113/jp279961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) is a partial agonist of TRPV1 whereby 25OHD can weakly activate TRPV1 yet antagonize the stimulatory effects of the full TRPV1 agonists capsaicin and oleoyl dopamine. 25OHD binds to TRPV1 within the same vanilloid binding pocket as capsaicin. 25OHD inhibits the potentiating effects of PKC-mediated TRPV1 activity. 25OHD reduces T-cell activation and trigeminal neuron calcium signalling mediated by TRPV1 activity. These results provide evidence that TRPV1 is a novel receptor for the biological actions of vitamin D in addition to the well-documented effects of vitamin D upon the nuclear vitamin D receptor. The results may have important implications for our current understanding of certain diseases where TRPV1 and vitamin D deficiency have been implicated, such as chronic pain and autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes. ABSTRACT The capsaicin receptor TRPV1 plays an important role in nociception, inflammation and immunity and its activity is regulated by exogenous and endogenous lipophilic ligands. As vitamin D is lipophilic and involved in similar biological processes as TRPV1, we hypothesized that it directly regulates TRPV1 activity and function. Our calcium imaging and electrophysiological data demonstrate that vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D (1,25OHD)) can weakly activate TRPV1 at physiologically relevant concentrations (100 nM). Furthermore, both 25OHD and 1,25OHD can inhibit capsaicin-induced TRPV1 activity (IC50 = 34.3 ± 0.2 and 11.5 ± 0.9 nM, respectively), but not pH-induced TRPV1 activity, suggesting that vitamin D interacts with TRPV1 in the same region as the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin. This hypothesis is supported by our in silico TRPV1 structural modelling studies, which place 25OHD in the same binding region as capsaicin. 25OHD also attenuates PKC-dependent TRPV1 potentiation via interactions with a known PKC phospho-acceptor residue in TRPV1. To provide evidence for a physiological role for the interaction of vitamin D with TRPV1, we employed two different cellular models known to express TRPV1: mouse CD4+ T-cells and trigeminal neurons. Our results indicate that 25OHD reduces TRPV1-induced cytokine release from T-cells and capsaicin-induced calcium activity in trigeminal neurons. In summary, we provide evidence that vitamin D is a novel endogenous regulator of TRPV1 channel activity that may play an important physiological role in addition to its known effects through the canonical nuclear vitamin D receptor pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentong Long
- Alberta Diabetes InstituteFaculty of Medicine & DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
- Departments of PharmacologyFaculty of Medicine & DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - Mohammad Fatehi
- Alberta Diabetes InstituteFaculty of Medicine & DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
- Departments of PharmacologyFaculty of Medicine & DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - Shubham Soni
- Alberta Diabetes InstituteFaculty of Medicine & DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - Rashmi Panigrahi
- BiochemistryFaculty of Medicine & DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - Koenraad Philippaert
- Alberta Diabetes InstituteFaculty of Medicine & DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
- Departments of PharmacologyFaculty of Medicine & DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
- Laboratory for Ion Channel ResearchDepartment of Cellular and Molecular MedicineVIB Center for Brain and Disease ResearchKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Yi Yu
- Alberta Diabetes InstituteFaculty of Medicine & DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
- Departments of PharmacologyFaculty of Medicine & DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - Rees Kelly
- Medical Microbiology & ImmunologyFaculty of Medicine & DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - Brett Boonen
- Laboratory for Ion Channel ResearchDepartment of Cellular and Molecular MedicineVIB Center for Brain and Disease ResearchKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Amy Barr
- Alberta Diabetes InstituteFaculty of Medicine & DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
- Departments of PharmacologyFaculty of Medicine & DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - Dominic Golec
- Alberta Diabetes InstituteFaculty of Medicine & DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
- Departments of PharmacologyFaculty of Medicine & DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - Scott A. Campbell
- Alberta Diabetes InstituteFaculty of Medicine & DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
- Departments of PharmacologyFaculty of Medicine & DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - Katarina Ondrusova
- Alberta Diabetes InstituteFaculty of Medicine & DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
- Departments of PharmacologyFaculty of Medicine & DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - Matt Hubert
- Alberta Diabetes InstituteFaculty of Medicine & DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
- Departments of PharmacologyFaculty of Medicine & DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - Troy Baldwin
- Medical Microbiology & ImmunologyFaculty of Medicine & DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - M. Joanne Lemieux
- BiochemistryFaculty of Medicine & DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - Peter E. Light
- Alberta Diabetes InstituteFaculty of Medicine & DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
- Departments of PharmacologyFaculty of Medicine & DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
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Benítez-Angeles M, Morales-Lázaro SL, Juárez-González E, Rosenbaum T. TRPV1: Structure, Endogenous Agonists, and Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103421. [PMID: 32408609 PMCID: PMC7279265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel is a polymodal protein with functions widely linked to the generation of pain. Several agonists of exogenous and endogenous nature have been described for this ion channel. Nonetheless, detailed mechanisms and description of binding sites have been resolved only for a few endogenous agonists. This review focuses on summarizing discoveries made in this particular field of study and highlighting the fact that studying the molecular details of activation of the channel by different agonists can shed light on biophysical traits that had not been previously demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tamara Rosenbaum
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-555-622-56-24; Fax: +52-555-622-56-07
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20
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López-Romero AE, Hernández-Araiza I, Torres-Quiroz F, Tovar-Y-Romo LB, Islas LD, Rosenbaum T. TRP ion channels: Proteins with conformational flexibility. Channels (Austin) 2020; 13:207-226. [PMID: 31184289 PMCID: PMC6602575 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2019.1626793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion channels display conformational changes in response to binding of their agonists and antagonists. The study of the relationships between the structure and the function of these proteins has witnessed considerable advances in the last two decades using a combination of techniques, which include electrophysiology, optical approaches (i.e. patch clamp fluorometry, incorporation of non-canonic amino acids, etc.), molecular biology (mutations in different regions of ion channels to determine their role in function) and those that have permitted the resolution of their structures in detail (X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy). The possibility of making correlations among structural components and functional traits in ion channels has allowed for more refined conclusions on how these proteins work at the molecular level. With the cloning and description of the family of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels, our understanding of several sensory-related processes has also greatly moved forward. The response of these proteins to several agonists, their regulation by signaling pathways as well as by protein-protein and lipid-protein interactions and, in some cases, their biophysical characteristics have been studied thoroughly and, recently, with the resolution of their structures, the field has experienced a new boom. This review article focuses on the conformational changes in the pores, concentrating on some members of the TRP family of ion channels (TRPV and TRPA subfamilies) that result in changes in their single-channel conductances, a phenomenon that may lead to fine-tuning the electrical response to a given agonist in a cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elena López-Romero
- a Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, División Neurociencias , Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico , Mexico
| | - Ileana Hernández-Araiza
- a Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, División Neurociencias , Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico , Mexico
| | - Francisco Torres-Quiroz
- b Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, División Investigación Básica , Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Luis B Tovar-Y-Romo
- c Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, División Neurociencias , Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - León D Islas
- d Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Tamara Rosenbaum
- a Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, División Neurociencias , Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico , Mexico
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Lykhmus O, Kalashnyk O, Uspenska K, Horid’ko T, Kosyakova H, Komisarenko S, Skok M. Different Effects of Nicotine and N-Stearoyl-ethanolamine on Episodic Memory and Brain Mitochondria of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Knockout Mice. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E226. [PMID: 32028688 PMCID: PMC7072576 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of α7 subtype (α7 nAChRs) are involved in regulating neuroinflammation and cognitive functions. Correspondingly, α7-/- mice demonstrate pro-inflammatory phenotype and impaired episodic memory. In addition, nAChRs expressed in mitochondria regulate the release of pro-apoptotic factors like cytochrome c. Here we studied whether the cognitive deficiency of α7-/- mice can be cured by oral consumption of either nicotine or N-stearoylethanolamine (NSE), a lipid possessing anti-inflammatory, cannabimimetic and membrane-stabilizing activity. Mice were examined in Novel Object Recognition behavioral test, their blood, brains and brain mitochondria were tested for the levels of interleukin-6, various nAChR subtypes and cytochrome c released by ELISA. The data presented demonstrate that both substances stimulated the raise of interleukin-6 in the blood and improved episodic memory of α7-/- mice. However, NSE improved, while nicotine worsened the brain mitochondria sustainability to apoptogenic stimuli, as shown by either decreased or increased amounts of cytochrome c released. Both nicotine and NSE up-regulated α4β2 nAChRs in the brain; NSE up-regulated, while nicotine down-regulated α9-containing nAChRs in the brain mitochondria. It is concluded that the level of alternative nAChR subtypes in the brain is critically important for memory and mitochondria sustainability in the absence of α7 nAChRs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Maryna Skok
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine; (O.L.); (O.K.); (K.U.); (T.H.); (H.K.); (S.K.)
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Stearoylethanolamide interferes with retrograde endocannabinoid signalling and supports the blood-brain barrier integrity under acute systemic inflammation. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 174:113783. [PMID: 31881191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a prominent role in the onset of demyelinating diseases, major depressive disorder and delayed neurodegeneration. An open question remains whether pharmacological suppression of inflammation can effectively reduce the progression of these states. Bioactive lipid mediators such as N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) have an anti-inflammatory activity and are of pharmacological interest due to their endogenous on-demand production and the existence of distinct biological targets in humans and animals. Here we demonstrate for the first time, that treatment with stearoylethanolamide (SEA), a prevailing endogenously formed NAE, is neuroprotective against LPS-induced neuroinflammation in C57BL/6 male mice. SEA restricted the spreading of peripheral inflammation to the brain, and averted the activation of resident microglia and leukocyte trafficking to the brain parenchyma. Treatment with SEA per se increased the neuronal expression of cannabinoid receptors CB1/2 and brain levels of the most potent endogenous CB1/2 agonist 2-arachidonoylglycerol in vivo. SEA enhanced the amplitude of synaptic vesicle release, supported the balanced signal-to-noise ratio in glutamate- and GABAergic neurotransmission and decreased the excitotoxic risk associated with higher extracellular glutamate levels under neuroinflammation. The interference of SEA with the endocannabinoid system and presynaptic neurotransmitter release may represent an intrinsic neuroprotective mechanism that is triggered by inflammation and glutamate excitotoxicity. Thus, our data allows to consider SEA for the preventive therapy of acute and late-onset neuroinflammation-associated synaptic dysfunction and neurodegeneration.
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23
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Watson JE, Kim JS, Das A. Emerging class of omega-3 fatty acid endocannabinoids & their derivatives. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 143:106337. [PMID: 31085370 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptor activation is involved in homeostatic regulation of the body. These receptors are activated by cannabinoids, that include the active constituents of Cannabis sativa, as well as endocannabinoids (eCBs). The eCBs are endogenously synthesized from the omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The consumption of omega-3 fatty acids shifts the balance towards a higher proportion of omega-3 eCBs, whose physiological functions warrants further investigation. Herein, we review the discovery of omega-3 fatty acid derived eCBs that are generated from long chain omega-3 PUFAs - docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide (DHA-EA or synaptamide), docosahexanoyl-glycerol (DHG), eicosapentaenoyl ethanolamide (EPA-EA) and eicosapentanoylglycerol (EPG). Furthermore, we outline the lesser known omega-3 eCB-like molecules that arise from the conjugation of omega-3 fatty acids with neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine - DHA-serotonin (DHA-5HT), DHA-dopamine (DHA-DA), EPA-serotonin (EPA-5HT) and EPA-dopamine (EPA-DA). Additionally, we describe the role of omega-3 eCBs and their derivatives in different disease states, such as pain, inflammation and cancer. Moreover, we detail the formation and potential physiological roles of the oxidative metabolites that arise from the metabolism of omega-3 eCBs by eicosanoid synthesizing enzymes - cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 epoxygenase (CYP450). In summary, we outline the novel findings regarding a growing class of signaling molecules that can control the physiological and pathophysiological processes in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin S Kim
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Aditi Das
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Urbana, IL 61802, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Division of Nutritional Sciences, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science, Neuroscience Program, Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
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24
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Leishman E, Kunkler PE, Hurley JH, Miller S, Bradshaw HB. Bioactive Lipids in Cancer, Inflammation and Related Diseases : Acute and Chronic Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Differentially Changes Levels of Bioactive Lipids in the CNS Associated with Headache. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1161:193-217. [PMID: 31562631 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21735-8_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Headache is a common complaint after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Changes in the CNS lipidome were previously associated with acrolein-induced headache in rodents. mTBI caused similar headache-like symptoms in rats; therefore, we tested the hypothesis that mTBI might likewise alter the lipidome. Using a stereotaxic impactor, rats were given either a single mTBI or a series of 4 mTBIs 48 h apart. 72 h later for single mTBI and 7 days later for repeated mTBI, the trigeminal ganglia (TG), trigeminal nucleus (TNC), and cerebellum (CER) were isolated. Using HPLC/MS/MS, ~80 lipids were measured in each tissue and compared to sham controls. mTBI drove widespread alterations in lipid levels. Single mTBI increased arachidonic acid and repeated mTBI increased prostaglandins in all 3 tissue types. mTBI affected multiple TRPV agonists, including N-arachidonoyl ethanolamine (AEA), which increased in the TNC and CER after single mTBI. After repeated mTBI, AEA increased in the TG, but decreased in the TNC. Common to all tissue types in single and repeated mTBI was an increase the AEA metabolite, N-arachidonoyl glycine, a potent activator of microglial migration. Changes in the CNS lipidome associated with mTBI likely play a role in headache and in long-term neurodegenerative effects of repeated mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Leishman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Phillip E Kunkler
- Stark Neurosciences Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joyce H Hurley
- Stark Neurosciences Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sally Miller
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Heather B Bradshaw
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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25
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Alharthi N, Christensen P, Hourani W, Ortori C, Barrett DA, Bennett AJ, Chapman V, Alexander SPH. n-3 polyunsaturated N-acylethanolamines are CB 2 cannabinoid receptor-preferring endocannabinoids. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:1433-1440. [PMID: 30591150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Anandamide, the first identified endogenous cannabinoid and TRPV1 agonist, is one of a series of endogenous N-acylethanolamines, NAEs. We have generated novel assays to quantify the levels of multiple NAEs in biological tissues and their rates of hydrolysis through fatty acid amide hydrolase. This range of NAEs was also tested in rapid response assays of CB1, CB2 cannabinoid and TRPV1 receptors. The data indicate that PEA, SEA and OEA are not endocannabinoids or endovanilloids, and that the higher endogenous levels of these metabolites compared to polyunsaturated analogues are a correlate of their slow rates of hydrolysis. The n-6 NAEs (AEA, docosatetraenoyl and docosapentaenoyl derivatives) activated both CB1 and CB2 receptors, as well as TRPV1 channels, suggesting them to be 'genuine' endocannabinoids and 'endovanilloids'. The n-3 NAEs (eicosapentaenoyl, docosapentaenoyl and docosahexaenoyl derivatives) activated CB2 receptors and some n-3 NAEs (docosapentaenoyl and docosahexaenoyl derivatives) also activated TRPV1 channels, but failed to activate the CB1 receptor. We hypothesise that the preferential activation of CB2 receptors by n-3 PUFA NAEs contributes, at least in some part, to their broad anti-inflammatory profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahed Alharthi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham NG7 2UH, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Peter Christensen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Wafa Hourani
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham NG7 2UH, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Catherine Ortori
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - David A Barrett
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Andrew J Bennett
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham NG7 2UH, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Victoria Chapman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham NG7 2UH, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Stephen P H Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham NG7 2UH, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
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26
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Panchal SK, Bliss E, Brown L. Capsaicin in Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2018; 10:E630. [PMID: 29772784 PMCID: PMC5986509 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin, the major active constituent of chilli, is an agonist on transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1 (TRPV1). TRPV1 is present on many metabolically active tissues, making it a potentially relevant target for metabolic interventions. Insulin resistance and obesity, being the major components of metabolic syndrome, increase the risk for the development of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In vitro and pre-clinical studies have established the effectiveness of low-dose dietary capsaicin in attenuating metabolic disorders. These responses of capsaicin are mediated through activation of TRPV1, which can then modulate processes such as browning of adipocytes, and activation of metabolic modulators including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Modulation of these pathways by capsaicin can increase fat oxidation, improve insulin sensitivity, decrease body fat, and improve heart and liver function. Identifying suitable ways of administering capsaicin at an effective dose would warrant its clinical use through the activation of TRPV1. This review highlights the mechanistic options to improve metabolic syndrome with capsaicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Panchal
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD 4350, Australia.
| | - Edward Bliss
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD 4350, Australia.
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD 4350, Australia.
| | - Lindsay Brown
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD 4350, Australia.
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD 4350, Australia.
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27
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Hansen HS, Vana V. Non-endocannabinoid N-acylethanolamines and 2-monoacylglycerols in the intestine. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:1443-1454. [PMID: 29473944 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on recent findings of the physiological and pharmacological role of non-endocannabinoid N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) and 2-monoacylglycerols (2-MAGs) in the intestine and their involvement in the gut-brain signalling. Dietary fat suppresses food intake, and much research concerns the known gut peptides, for example, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and cholecystokinin (CCK). NAEs and 2-MAGs represent another class of local gut signals most probably involved in the regulation of food intake. We discuss the putative biosynthetic pathways and targets of NAEs in the intestine as well as their anorectic role and changes in intestinal levels depending on the dietary status. NAEs can activate the transcription factor PPARα, but studies to evaluate the role of endogenous NAEs are generally lacking. Finally, we review the role of diet-derived 2-MAGs in the secretion of anorectic gut peptides via activation of GPR119. Both PPARα and GPR119 have potential as pharmacological targets for the treatment of obesity and the former for treatment of intestinal inflammation. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on 8th European Workshop on Cannabinoid Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.10/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald S Hansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vasiliki Vana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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28
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Fatty acids and related lipid mediators in the regulation of cutaneous inflammation. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:119-129. [PMID: 29330355 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human skin has a distinct profile of fatty acids and related bioactive lipid mediators that regulate many aspects of epidermal and dermal homeostasis, including immune and inflammatory reactions. Sebum lipids act as effective antimicrobial agents, shape immune cell communications and contribute to the epidermal lipidome. The essential fatty acid linoleic acid is crucial for the structure of the epidermal barrier, while polyunsaturated fatty acids act as precursors to eicosanoids, octadecanoids and docosanoids through cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase-mediated reactions, and endocannabinoids and N-acyl ethanolamines. Cross-communication between these families of bioactive lipids suggests that their cutaneous activities should be considered as part of a wider metabolic network that can be targeted to maintain skin health, control inflammation and improve skin pathologies.
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29
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Bashashati M, Fichna J, Piscitelli F, Capasso R, Izzo AA, Sibaev A, Timmermans JP, Cenac N, Vergnolle N, Di Marzo V, Storr M. Targeting fatty acid amide hydrolase and transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 simultaneously to modulate colonic motility and visceral sensation in the mouse: A pharmacological intervention with N-arachidonoyl-serotonin (AA-5-HT). Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 29. [PMID: 28695708 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) inhibits intestinal motility and visceral pain, but it may also be proalgesic through transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1). AEA is degraded by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). This study explored whether dual inhibition of FAAH and TRPV1 reduces diarrhea and abdominal pain. METHODS Immunostaining was performed on myenteric plexus of the mouse colon. The effects of the dual FAAH/TRPV1 inhibitor AA-5-HT on electrically induced contractility, excitatory junction potential (EJP) and fast (f) and slow (s) inhibitory junction potentials (IJP) in the mouse colon, colonic propulsion and visceromotor response (VMR) to rectal distension were studied. The colonic levels of endocannabinoids and fatty acid amides were measured. KEY RESULTS CB1-positive neurons exhibited TRPV1; only some TRPV1 positive neurons did not express CB1. CB1 and FAAH did not colocalize. AA-5-HT (100 nM-10 μM) decreased colonic contractility by ~60%; this effect was abolished by TRPV1 antagonist 5'-IRTX, but not by CB1 antagonist, SR141716. AA-5-HT (1 μM-10 μM) inhibited EJP by ~30% and IJPs by ~50%. The effects of AA-5-HT on junction potentials were reversed by SR141716 and 5`-IRTX. AA-5-HT (20 mg/kg; i.p.) inhibited colonic propulsion by ~30%; SR141716 but not 5`-IRTX reversed this effect. AA-5-HT decreased VMR by ~50%-60%; these effects were not blocked by SR141716 or 5`-IRTX. AA-5-HT increased AEA in the colon. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES The effects of AA-5-HT on visceral sensation and colonic motility are differentially mediated by CB1, TRPV1 and non-CB1/TRPV1 mechanisms, possibly reflecting the distinct neuromodulatory roles of endocannabinoid and endovanilloid FAAH substrates in the mouse intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bashashati
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center/Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - J Fichna
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - F Piscitelli
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - R Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici Italy and Endocannabinoid Research Group, Naples, Italy
| | - A A Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II and Endocannabinoid Research Group, Naples, Italy
| | - A Sibaev
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - J-P Timmermans
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - N Cenac
- Inserm, U1220, Toulouse, France.,Institut de Recherche en Sante Digestive (IRSD), Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - N Vergnolle
- Inserm, U1220, Toulouse, France.,Institut de Recherche en Sante Digestive (IRSD), Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - V Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - M Storr
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany.,Center of Endoscopy, Starnberg, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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30
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Lykhmus O, Uspenska K, Koval L, Lytovchenko D, Voytenko L, Horid'ko T, Kosiakova H, Gula N, Komisarenko S, Skok M. N-Stearoylethanolamine protects the brain and improves memory of mice treated with lipopolysaccharide or immunized with the extracellular domain of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 52:290-296. [PMID: 28963942 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an important risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of α7 subtype (α7 nAChRs) regulate inflammatory processes in various tissues, including the brain. N-stearoylethanolamine (NSE) is a biologically active cell membrane component with anti-inflammatory and membrane-protective properties. Previously we found that mice injected with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or immunized with recombinant extracellular domain (1-208) of α7 nAChR subunit possessed decreased α7 nAChR levels, accumulated pathogenic amyloid-beta peptide Aβ(1-42) in the brain and demonstrated impaired episodic memory compared to non-treated mice. Here we studied the effect of NSE on behavior and brain components of LPS- treated or α7(1-208)-immunized mice. NSE, given per os, non-significantly decreased LPS-stimulated interleukin-6 elevation in the brain, slowed down the α7(1-208)-specific IgG antibody production and prevented the antibody penetration into the brain of mice. NSE prevented the loss of α7 nAChRs and accumulation of α7-bound Aβ(1-42) in the brain and brain mitochondria of LPS-treated or α7(1-208)-immunized mice and supported mitochondria resistance to apoptosis by attenuating Ca2+-stimulated cytochrome c release. Finally, NSE significantly improved episodic memory of mice impaired by either LPS treatment or immunization with α7(1-208). The results of our study demonstrate a therapeutic potential of NSE for prevention of cognitive disfunction caused by neuroinflammation or autoimmune reaction that allows suggesting this drug as a candidate for the treatment or prophylaxis of Alzheimer's pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Lykhmus
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, 9, Leontovycha str, 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Kateryna Uspenska
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, 9, Leontovycha str, 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Lyudmyla Koval
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, 9, Leontovycha str, 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Daria Lytovchenko
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, 9, Leontovycha str, 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Larysa Voytenko
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, 9, Leontovycha str, 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Tetyana Horid'ko
- Department of Lipid Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, 9, Leontovycha str, 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Halyna Kosiakova
- Department of Lipid Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, 9, Leontovycha str, 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nadiya Gula
- Department of Lipid Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, 9, Leontovycha str, 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Serhiy Komisarenko
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, 9, Leontovycha str, 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maryna Skok
- Laboratory of Cell Receptors Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, 9, Leontovycha str, 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine.
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Pharmacological inhibition of FAAH modulates TLR-induced neuroinflammation, but not sickness behaviour: An effect partially mediated by central TRPV1. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 62:318-331. [PMID: 28237711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs), key components of the innate immune system, has been proposed to underlie and exacerbate a range of central nervous system disorders. Increasing evidence supports a role for the endocannabinoid system in modulating inflammatory responses including those mediated by TLRs, and thus this system may provide an important treatment target for neuroinflammatory disorders. However, the effect of modulating endocannabinoid tone on TLR-induced neuroinflammation in vivo and associated behavioural changes is largely unknown. The present study examined the effect of inhibiting fatty acid amide hydrolyase (FAAH), the primary enzyme responsible for the metabolism of anandamide (AEA), in vivo on TLR4-induced neuroimmune and behavioural responses, and evaluated sites and mechanisms of action. Systemic administration of the FAAH inhibitor PF3845 increased levels of AEA, and related FAAH substrates N-oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and N-palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of rats, an effect associated with an attenuation in the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and mediators measured 2hrs following systemic administration of the TLR4 agonist, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These effects were mimicked by central i.c.v. administration of PF3845, but not systemic administration of the peripherally-restricted FAAH inhibitor URB937. Central antagonism of TRPV1 significantly attenuated the PF3845-induced decrease in IL-6 expression, effects not observed following antagonism of CB1, CB2, PPARα, PPARγ or GPR55. LPS-induced a robust sickness-like behavioural response and increased the expression of markers of glial activity and pro-inflammatory cytokines over 24hrs. Systemic administration of PF3845 modulated the TLR4-induced expression of neuroimmune mediators and anhedonia without altering acute sickness behaviour. Overall, these findings support an important role for FAAH substrates directly within the brain in the regulation of TLR4-associated neuroinflammation and highlight a role for TRPV1 in partially mediating these effects.
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32
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Phenacyl group containing amide derivative of dehydroabietylamine exhibiting enhanced cytotoxic activity against PLC and MCF7 cancer cell lines. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1859-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Leishman E, Kunkler PE, Manchanda M, Sangani K, Stuart JM, Oxford GS, Hurley JH, Bradshaw HB. Environmental Toxin Acrolein Alters Levels of Endogenous Lipids, Including TRP Agonists: A Potential Mechanism for Headache Driven by TRPA1 Activation. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2017; 1:28-36. [PMID: 29430557 PMCID: PMC5802349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to airborne toxins can trigger headaches, but the mechanisms are not well understood. Some environmental toxins, such as acrolein, activate transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), a receptor involved in pain sensation that is highly expressed in the trigeminovascular system. It has been shown in rat models that repeated exposure to acrolein induces trigeminovascular sensitization to both TRPA1 and TRP vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonists, a phenomenon linked to headache. In this study, we test the hypothesis that the sensitization of trigeminovascular responses in rats after acrolein exposure via inhalation is associated with changes in levels of endogenous lipids, including TRPV1 agonists, in the trigeminal ganglia, trigeminal nucleus, and cerebellum. Lipidomics analysis of 80 lipids was performed on each tissue after acute acrolein, chronic acrolein, or room air control. Both acute and chronic acrolein exposure drove widespread alterations in lipid levels. After chronic acrolein exposure, levels of all 6 N-acyl ethanolamines in the screening library, including the endogenous cannabinoid and TRPV1 agonist, N-arachidonoyl ethanolamine, were elevated in trigeminal tissue and in the cerebellum. This increase in TRPV1 ligands by acrolein exposure may indicate further downstream signaling, in that we also show here that a combination of these TRPV1 endogenous agonists increases the potency of the individual ligands in TRPV1-HEK cells. In addition to these TRPV1 agonists, 3 TRPV3 antagonists, 4 TRPV4 agonists, and 25 orphan lipids were up and down regulated after acrolein exposure. These data support the hypothesis that lipid signaling may represent a mechanism by which repeated exposure to the TRPA1 agonist and environmental toxin, acrolein, drives trigeminovascular sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Leishman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East 10 Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Phillip E. Kunkler
- Stark Neurosciences Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 West 15 Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Meera Manchanda
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East 10 Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Kishan Sangani
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East 10 Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Jordyn M. Stuart
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East 10 Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Gerry S. Oxford
- Stark Neurosciences Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 West 15 Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Joyce H. Hurley
- Stark Neurosciences Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 West 15 Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Heather B. Bradshaw
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East 10 Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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Carey LM, Slivicki RA, Leishman E, Cornett B, Mackie K, Bradshaw H, Hohmann AG. A pro-nociceptive phenotype unmasked in mice lacking fatty-acid amide hydrolase. Mol Pain 2016; 12:12/0/1744806916649192. [PMID: 27178246 PMCID: PMC4956176 DOI: 10.1177/1744806916649192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is the major enzyme responsible for degradation of anandamide, an endocannabinoid. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of FAAH (FAAH KO) produces antinociception in preclinical pain models that is largely attributed to anandamide-induced activation of cannabinoid receptors. However, FAAH metabolizes a wide range of structurally related, biologically active lipid signaling molecules whose functions remain largely unknown. Some of these endogenous lipids, including anandamide itself, may exert pro-nociceptive effects under certain conditions. In our study, FAAH KO mice exhibited a characteristic analgesic phenotype in the tail flick test and in both formalin and carrageenan models of inflammatory nociception. Nonetheless, intradermal injection of the transient receptor potential channel V1 (TRPV1) agonist capsaicin increased nocifensive behavior as well as mechanical and heat hypersensitivity in FAAH KO relative to wild-type mice. This pro-nociceptive phenotype was accompanied by increases in capsaicin-evoked Fos-like immunoreactive (FLI) cells in spinal dorsal horn regions implicated in nociceptive processing and was attenuated by CB1 (AM251) and TRPV1 (AMG9810) antagonists. When central sensitization was established, FAAH KO mice displayed elevated levels of anandamide, other fatty-acid amides, and endogenous TRPV1 agonists in both paw skin and lumbar spinal cord relative to wild-type mice. Capsaicin decreased spinal cord 2-AG levels and increased arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E2 levels in both spinal cord and paw skin irrespective of genotype. Our studies identify a previously unrecognized pro-nociceptive phenotype in FAAH KO mice that was unmasked by capsaicin challenge. The heightened nociceptive response was mediated by CB1 and TRPV1 receptors and accompanied by enhanced spinal neuronal activation. Moreover, genetic deletion of FAAH has a profound impact on the peripheral and central lipidome. Thus, genetic deletion of FAAH may predispose animals to increased sensitivity to certain types of pain. More work is necessary to determine whether such changes could explain the lack of efficacy of FAAH inhibitors in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence M Carey
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Richard A Slivicki
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Emma Leishman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Ben Cornett
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Ken Mackie
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Heather Bradshaw
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Andrea G Hohmann
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Iannotti FA, Di Marzo V, Petrosino S. Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-related mediators: Targets, metabolism and role in neurological disorders. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 62:107-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Silva M, Martins D, Charrua A, Piscitelli F, Tavares I, Morgado C, Di Marzo V. Endovanilloid control of pain modulation by the rostroventromedial medulla in an animal model of diabetic neuropathy. Neuropharmacology 2016; 107:49-57. [PMID: 26965218 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of transient receptor vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) channels in pain modulation by the brain remains understudied. The rostroventromedial medulla (RVM) plays a key role in conveying to the spinal cord pain modulatory influences triggered in higher brain centres, with co-existence of inhibitory (antinociceptive) and facilitatory (pronociceptive) effects. In spite of some reports of TRPV1 expression in the RVM, it remains unknown if endovanilloid signalling plays a direct role in local pain modulation. Here we used a model of diabetic neuropathy, the streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rat, to study the role of endovanilloid signalling in RVM-mediated pain modulation during chronic pain. Four weeks after diabetes induction, the levels of TRPV1 mRNA and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), a crucial enzyme for endovanilloid catabolism, in the RVM of STZ-diabetic rats were higher than control. The RVM of STZ-diabetic rats presented decreased levels of several TRPV1 endogenous ligands, namely anandamide (AEA), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoylethanolamide (OEA). Administration of capsaicin (a TRPV1 agonist) into the RVM decreased nociceptive behavioural responses in the inflammatory phase of the formalin test (phase 2). These findings suggest that diabetic neuropathy induces plastic changes of RVM endovanilloid signalling, indicating that TRPV1 may be a putative target for pain modulation in this chronic pain condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; I3S - Instituto de Inovação e investigação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - D Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; I3S - Instituto de Inovação e investigação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - A Charrua
- I3S - Instituto de Inovação e investigação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Departmento de Doenças Renais, Urológicas e Infecciosas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - F Piscitelli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of the National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - I Tavares
- Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; I3S - Instituto de Inovação e investigação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
| | - C Morgado
- Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; I3S - Instituto de Inovação e investigação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - V Di Marzo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of the National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Naples, Italy
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Monteleone AM, Di Marzo V, Monteleone P, Dalle Grave R, Aveta T, Ghoch ME, Piscitelli F, Volpe U, Calugi S, Maj M. Responses of peripheral endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-related compounds to hedonic eating in obesity. Eur J Nutr 2016; 55:1799-805. [PMID: 26759262 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hedonic eating occurs independently from homeostatic needs prompting the ingestion of pleasurable foods that are typically rich in fat, sugar and/or salt content. In normal weight healthy subjects, we found that before hedonic eating, plasma levels of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) were higher than before nonhedonic eating, and although they progressively decreased after food ingestion in both eating conditions, they were significantly higher in hedonic eating. Plasma levels of anandamide (AEA), oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), instead, progressively decreased in both eating conditions without significant differences. In this study, we investigated the responses of AEA, 2-AG, OEA and PEA to hedonic eating in obese individuals. METHODS Peripheral levels of AEA, 2-AG, OEA and PEA were measured in 14 obese patients after eating favourite (hedonic eating) and non-favourite (nonhedonic eating) foods in conditions of no homeostatic needs. RESULTS Plasma levels of 2-AG increased after eating the favourite food, whereas they decreased after eating the non-favourite food, with the production of the endocannabinoid being significantly enhanced in hedonic eating. Plasma levels of AEA decreased progressively in nonhedonic eating, whereas they showed a decrease after the exposure to the favourite food followed by a return to baseline values after eating it. No significant differences emerged in plasma OEA and PEA responses to favourite and non-favourite food. CONCLUSION Present findings compared with those obtained in our previously studied normal weight healthy subjects suggest deranged responses of endocannabinoids to food-related reward in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Monteleone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
| | - V Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy.
| | - P Monteleone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy.
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy.
| | - R Dalle Grave
- Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Garda, Verona, Italy
| | - T Aveta
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - M El Ghoch
- Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Garda, Verona, Italy
| | - F Piscitelli
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - U Volpe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
| | - S Calugi
- Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Garda, Verona, Italy
| | - M Maj
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
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Carnovali M, Ottria R, Pasqualetti S, Banfi G, Ciuffreda P, Mariotti M. Effects of bioactive fatty acid amide derivatives in zebrafish scale model of bone metabolism and disease. Pharmacol Res 2015; 104:1-8. [PMID: 26707833 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (which includes fatty acid derivatives, receptors, and metabolizing enzymes) is involved in a variety of physiological processes, including bone metabolism in which it regulates the function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, as well as differentiation of their precursors. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) provides a useful animal model for bone research since zebrafish bones develop rapidly and are anatomically similar to mammalian bones. Putative orthologues and paralogs of endocannabinoid genes have recently been identified in zebrafish, demonstrating the presence of cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2) receptors with affinity to endocannabinoid ligands. To identify therapeutic molecules potentially useful in bone-related diseases, we evaluated the in vivo effects of exposure to long-chain fatty acid amides in adult zebrafish. Using a well-established zebrafish scale model, we found that anandamide and N-linoleoylethanolamine are able to stimulate bone formation by increasing alkaline phosphatase activity in physiological conditions. In addition, they prevent the alteration of bone markers in a prednisolone-induced osteoporosis model in adult zebrafish scales, whereas their esterified forms do not. These data suggest that long-chain fatty acid amides are involved in regulating bone metabolism in zebrafish scales and that the CB2 receptor is a key mediator in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carnovali
- Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - R Ottria
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - S Pasqualetti
- Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - G Banfi
- IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - P Ciuffreda
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - M Mariotti
- IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Targeted alterations in dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acids improve life functioning and reduce psychological distress among patients with chronic headache: a secondary analysis of a randomized trial. Pain 2015; 156:587-596. [PMID: 25790451 DOI: 10.1097/01.j.pain.0000460348.84965.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are precursors of bioactive lipid mediators posited to modulate both physical pain and psychological distress. In a randomized trial of 67 subjects with severe headaches, we recently demonstrated that targeted dietary manipulation-increasing omega-3 fatty acids with concurrent reduction in omega-6 linoleic acid (the H3-L6 intervention)-produced major reductions in headache compared with an omega-6 lowering (L6) intervention. Because chronic pain is often accompanied by psychological distress and impaired health-related quality of life (HRQOL), we used data from this trial to examine whether the H3-L6 intervention favorably impacted these domains. Additionally, we examined the effect of the interventions on the number of cases with substantial physical or mental impairments as defined by cutoff values in the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18), Medical Outcomes Study Short Forms 12 (SF-12), Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), and the number of headache days per month. In the intention-to-treat analysis, participants in the H3-L6 group experienced statistically significant reductions in psychological distress (BSI-18 mean difference: -6.56; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -11.43 to -1.69) and improvements in SF-12 mental (mean difference: 6.01; 95% CI: 0.57 to 11.45) and physical (mean difference: 6.65; 95% CI: 2.14 to 11.16) health summary scores. At 12 weeks, the proportion of subjects experiencing substantial impairment according to cutoff values in the BSI-18, SF-12 physical, HIT-6, and headache days per month was significantly lower in the H3-L6 group. Dietary manipulation of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids, previously shown to produce major improvements in headache, was found to also reduce psychological distress and improve HRQOL and function.
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Miranda AM, Oliveira TG. Lipids under stress - a lipidomic approach for the study of mood disorders. Bioessays 2015; 37:1226-35. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201500070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Miguel Miranda
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS); School of Health Sciences; University of Minho; Campus Gualtar Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Tiago Gil Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS); School of Health Sciences; University of Minho; Campus Gualtar Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
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Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is currently defined as the ensemble of the two 7-transmembrane-domain and G protein-coupled receptors for Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (but not for most other plant cannabinoids or phytocannabinoids)-cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1R) and cannabinoid receptor type-2 (CB2R); their two most studied endogenous ligands, the "endocannabinoids" N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG); and the enzymes responsible for endocannabinoid metabolism. However, anandamide and 2-AG, and also the phytocannabinoids, have more molecular targets than just CB1R and CB2R. Furthermore, the endocannabinoids, like most other lipid mediators, have more than just one set of biosynthetic and degrading pathways and enzymes, which they often share with "endocannabinoid-like" mediators that may or may not interact with the same proteins as Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol and other phytocannabinoids. In some cases, these degrading pathways and enzymes lead to molecules that are not inactive and instead interact with other receptors. Finally, some of the metabolic enzymes may also participate in the chemical modification of molecules that have very little to do with endocannabinoid and cannabinoid targets. Here, we review the whole world of ligands, receptors, and enzymes, a true "endocannabinoidome", discovered after the cloning of CB1R and CB2R and the identification of anandamide and 2-AG, and its interactions with phytocannabinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Comprensorio Olivetti, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Comprensorio Olivetti, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
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Monteleone AM, Di Marzo V, Aveta T, Piscitelli F, Dalle Grave R, Scognamiglio P, El Ghoch M, Calugi S, Monteleone P, Maj M. Deranged endocannabinoid responses to hedonic eating in underweight and recently weight-restored patients with anorexia nervosa. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 101:262-9. [PMID: 25646322 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.096164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A dysregulation of reward mechanisms was suggested in the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa (AN), but the role of the endogenous mediators of reward has been poorly investigated. Endocannabinoids, including anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, and the endocannabinoid-related compounds oleoylethanolamide and palmitoylethanolamide modulate food-related and unrelated reward. Hedonic eating, which is the consumption of food just for pleasure and not homeostatic need, is a suitable paradigm to explore food-related reward. OBJECTIVE We investigated responses of endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-related compounds to hedonic eating in AN. DESIGN Peripheral concentrations of anandamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol, oleoylethanolamide, and palmitoylethanolamide were measured in 7 underweight and 7 weight-restored AN patients after eating favorite and nonfavorite foods in the condition of no homeostatic needs, and these measurements were compared with those of previously studied healthy control subjects. RESULTS 1) In healthy controls, plasma 2-arachidonoylglycerol concentrations decreased after both types of meals but were significantly higher in hedonic eating; in underweight AN patients, 2-arachidonoylglycerol concentrations did not show specific time patterns after eating either favorite or nonfavorite foods, whereas in weight-restored patients, 2-arachidonoylglycerol concentrations showed similar increases with both types of meals. 2) Anandamide plasma concentrations exhibited no differences in their response patterns to hedonic eating in the groups. 3) Compared with 2-arachidonoylglycerol, palmitoylethanolamide concentrations exhibited an opposite response pattern to hedonic eating in healthy controls; this pattern was partially preserved in underweight AN patients but not in weight-restored ones. 4) Like palmitoylethanolamide, oleoylethanolamide plasma concentrations tended to be higher in nonhedonic eating than in hedonic eating in healthy controls; moreover, no difference between healthy subjects and AN patients was observed for food-intake-induced changes in oleoylethanolamide concentrations. CONCLUSION These data confirm that endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-related compounds are involved in food-related reward and suggest a dysregulation of their physiology in AN. This trial was registered at ISRCTN.org as ISRCTN64683774.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Maria Monteleone
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (AMM, PS, PM, and MM); the Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy (VDM, TA, and FP); the Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Garda, Verona, Italy (RDG, MEG, and SC); and the Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy (PM)
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (AMM, PS, PM, and MM); the Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy (VDM, TA, and FP); the Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Garda, Verona, Italy (RDG, MEG, and SC); and the Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy (PM)
| | - Teresa Aveta
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (AMM, PS, PM, and MM); the Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy (VDM, TA, and FP); the Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Garda, Verona, Italy (RDG, MEG, and SC); and the Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy (PM)
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (AMM, PS, PM, and MM); the Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy (VDM, TA, and FP); the Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Garda, Verona, Italy (RDG, MEG, and SC); and the Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy (PM)
| | - Riccardo Dalle Grave
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (AMM, PS, PM, and MM); the Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy (VDM, TA, and FP); the Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Garda, Verona, Italy (RDG, MEG, and SC); and the Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy (PM)
| | - Pasquale Scognamiglio
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (AMM, PS, PM, and MM); the Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy (VDM, TA, and FP); the Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Garda, Verona, Italy (RDG, MEG, and SC); and the Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy (PM)
| | - Marwan El Ghoch
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (AMM, PS, PM, and MM); the Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy (VDM, TA, and FP); the Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Garda, Verona, Italy (RDG, MEG, and SC); and the Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy (PM)
| | - Simona Calugi
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (AMM, PS, PM, and MM); the Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy (VDM, TA, and FP); the Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Garda, Verona, Italy (RDG, MEG, and SC); and the Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy (PM)
| | - Palmiero Monteleone
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (AMM, PS, PM, and MM); the Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy (VDM, TA, and FP); the Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Garda, Verona, Italy (RDG, MEG, and SC); and the Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy (PM)
| | - Mario Maj
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (AMM, PS, PM, and MM); the Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy (VDM, TA, and FP); the Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Garda, Verona, Italy (RDG, MEG, and SC); and the Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy (PM)
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Meijerink J, Balvers M, Witkamp R. N-Acyl amines of docosahexaenoic acid and other n-3 polyunsatured fatty acids - from fishy endocannabinoids to potential leads. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:772-83. [PMID: 23088259 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
N-3 Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs), in particular α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) are receiving much attention because of their presumed beneficial health effects. To explain these, a variety of mechanisms have been proposed, but their interactions with the endocannabinoid system have received relatively little attention so far. However, it has already been shown some time ago that consumption of n-3 LC-PUFAs not only affects the synthesis of prototypic endocannabinoids like anandamide but also stimulates the formation of specific n-3 LC-PUFA-derived conjugates with ethanolamine, dopamine, serotonin or other amines. Some of these fatty amides show overlapping biological activities with those of typical endocannabinoids, whereas others possess distinct and sometimes largely unknown receptor affinities and other properties. The ethanolamine and dopamine conjugates of DHA have been the most investigated thus far. These mediators may provide promising new leads to the field of inflammatory and neurological disorders and for other pharmacological applications, including their use as carrier molecules for neurotransmitters to target the brain. Furthermore, combinations of n-3 LC-PUFA-derived fatty acid amides, their precursors and FAAH inhibitors offer possibilities to optimise their effects in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelijn Meijerink
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Choi SI, Yoo S, Lim JY, Hwang SW. Are sensory TRP channels biological alarms for lipid peroxidation? Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:16430-57. [PMID: 25233127 PMCID: PMC4200803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150916430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress induces numerous biological problems. Lipid oxidation and peroxidation appear to be important steps by which exposure to oxidative stress leads the body to a disease state. For its protection, the body has evolved to respond to and eliminate peroxidation products through the acquisition of binding proteins, reducing and conjugating enzymes, and excretion systems. During the past decade, researchers have identified a group of ion channel molecules that are activated by oxidized lipids: transient receptor potential (TRP) channels expressed in sensory neurons. These ion channels are fundamentally detectors and signal converters for body-damaging environments such as heat and cold temperatures, mechanical attacks, and potentially toxic substances. When messages initiated by TRP activation arrive at the brain, we perceive pain, which results in our preparing defensive responses. Excessive activation of the sensory neuronal TRP channels upon prolonged stimulations sometimes deteriorates the inflammatory state of damaged tissues by promoting neuropeptide release from expresser neurons. These same paradigms may also work for pathologic changes in the internal lipid environment upon exposure to oxidative stress. Here, we provide an overview of the role of TRP channels and oxidized lipid connections during abnormally increased oxidative signaling, and consider the sensory mechanism of TRP detection as an alert system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-In Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, Korea.
| | - Sungjae Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, Korea.
| | - Ji Yeon Lim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, Korea.
| | - Sun Wook Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, Korea.
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Alterations in the anandamide metabolism in the development of neuropathic pain. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:686908. [PMID: 25276812 PMCID: PMC4167645 DOI: 10.1155/2014/686908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (EC), particularly anandamide (AEA), released constitutively in pain pathways might be accountable for the inhibitory effect on nociceptors. Pathogenesis of neuropathic pain may reflect complex remodeling of the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and spinal cord EC system. Multiple pathways involved both in the biosynthesis and degradation of AEA have been suggested. We investigated the local synthesis and degradation features of AEA in DRGs and spinal cord during the development and maintenance of pain in a model of chronic constriction injury (CCI). All AEA synthesis and degradation enzymes are present on the mRNA level in DRGs and lumbar spinal cord of intact as well as CCI-treated animals. Deregulation of EC system components was consistent with development of pain phenotype at days 3, 7, and 14 after CCI. The expression levels of enzymes involved in AEA degradation was significantly upregulated ipsilateral in DRGs and spinal cord at different time points. Expression of enzymes of the alternative, sPLA2-dependent and PLC-dependent, AEA synthesis pathways was elevated in both of the analyzed structures at all time points. Our data have shown an alteration of alternative AEA synthesis and degradation pathways, which might contribute to the variation of AEA levels and neuropathic pain development.
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Raboune S, Stuart JM, Leishman E, Takacs SM, Rhodes B, Basnet A, Jameyfield E, McHugh D, Widlanski T, Bradshaw HB. Novel endogenous N-acyl amides activate TRPV1-4 receptors, BV-2 microglia, and are regulated in brain in an acute model of inflammation. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:195. [PMID: 25136293 PMCID: PMC4118021 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A family of endogenous lipids, structurally analogous to the endogenous cannabinoid, N-arachidonoyl ethanolamine (Anandamide), and called N-acyl amides have emerged as a family of biologically active compounds at TRP receptors. N-acyl amides are constructed from an acyl group and an amine via an amide bond. This same structure can be modified by changing either the fatty acid or the amide to form potentially hundreds of lipids. More than 70 N-acyl amides have been identified in nature. We have ongoing studies aimed at isolating and characterizing additional members of the family of N-acyl amides in both central and peripheral tissues in mammalian systems. Here, using a unique in-house library of over 70 N-acyl amides we tested the following three hypotheses: (1) Additional N-acyl amides will have activity at TRPV1-4, (2) Acute peripheral injury will drive changes in CNS levels of N-acyl amides, and (3) N-acyl amides will regulate calcium in CNS-derived microglia. Through these studies, we have identified 20 novel N-acyl amides that collectively activate (stimulating or inhibiting) TRPV1-4. Using lipid extraction and HPLC coupled to tandem mass spectrometry we showed that levels of at least 10 of these N-acyl amides that activate TRPVs are regulated in brain after intraplantar carrageenan injection. We then screened the BV2 microglial cell line for activity with this N-acyl amide library and found overlap with TRPV receptor activity as well as additional activators of calcium mobilization from these lipids. Together these data provide new insight into the family of N-acyl amides and their roles as signaling molecules at ion channels, in microglia, and in the brain in the context of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siham Raboune
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jordyn M Stuart
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Emma Leishman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Sara M Takacs
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Brandon Rhodes
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Arjun Basnet
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington IN, USA
| | - Evan Jameyfield
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Douglas McHugh
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | | - Heather B Bradshaw
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, USA
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Blancaflor EB, Kilaru A, Keereetaweep J, Khan BR, Faure L, Chapman KD. N-Acylethanolamines: lipid metabolites with functions in plant growth and development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 79:568-583. [PMID: 24397856 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Twenty years ago, N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) were considered by many lipid chemists to be biological 'artifacts' of tissue damage, and were, at best, thought to be minor lipohilic constituents of various organisms. However, that changed dramatically in 1993, when anandamide, an NAE of arachidonic acid (N-arachidonylethanolamine), was shown to bind to the human cannabinoid receptor (CB1) and activate intracellular signal cascades in mammalian neurons. Now NAEs of various types have been identified in diverse multicellular organisms, in which they display profound biological effects. Although targets of NAEs are still being uncovered, and probably vary among eukaryotic species, there appears to be remarkable conservation of the machinery that metabolizes these bioactive fatty acid conjugates of ethanolamine. This review focuses on the metabolism and functions of NAEs in higher plants, with specific reference to the formation, hydrolysis and oxidation of these potent lipid mediators. The discussion centers mostly on early seedling growth and development, for which NAE metabolism has received the most attention, but also considers other areas of plant development in which NAE metabolism has been implicated. Where appropriate, we indicate cross-kingdom conservation in NAE metabolic pathways and metabolites, and suggest areas where opportunities for further investigation appear most pressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elison B Blancaflor
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Inc., 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
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Morales-Lázaro SL, Serrano-Flores B, Llorente I, Hernández-García E, González-Ramírez R, Banerjee S, Miller D, Gududuru V, Fells J, Norman D, Tigyi G, Escalante-Alcalde D, Rosenbaum T. Structural determinants of the transient receptor potential 1 (TRPV1) channel activation by phospholipid analogs. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:24079-90. [PMID: 25035428 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.572503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ion channel is a polymodal protein that responds to various stimuli, including capsaicin (the pungent compound found in chili peppers), extracellular acid, and basic intracellular pH, temperatures close to 42 °C, and several lipids. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), an endogenous lipid widely associated with neuropathic pain, is an agonist of the TRPV1 channel found in primary afferent nociceptors and is activated by other noxious stimuli. Agonists or antagonists of lipid and other chemical natures are known to possess specific structural requirements for producing functional effects on their targets. To better understand how LPA and other lipid analogs might interact and affect the function of TRPV1, we set out to determine the structural features of these lipids that result in the activation of TRPV1. By changing the acyl chain length, saturation, and headgroup of these LPA analogs, we established strict requirements for activation of TRPV1. Among the natural LPA analogs, we found that only LPA 18:1, alkylglycerophosphate 18:1, and cyclic phosphatidic acid 18:1, all with a monounsaturated C18 hydrocarbon chain activate TRPV1, whereas polyunsaturated and saturated analogs do not. Thus, TRPV1 shows a more restricted ligand specificity compared with LPA G-protein-coupled receptors. We synthesized fatty alcohol phosphates and thiophosphates and found that many of them with a single double bond in position Δ9, 10, or 11 and Δ9 cyclopropyl group can activate TRPV1 with efficacy similar to capsaicin. Finally, we developed a pharmacophore and proposed a mechanistic model for how these lipids could induce a conformational change that activates TRPV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Morales-Lázaro
- From the Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - Barbara Serrano-Flores
- From the Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - Itzel Llorente
- From the Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - Enrique Hernández-García
- From the Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - Ricardo González-Ramírez
- the Departmento de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", México, D.F. 14080, México
| | - Souvik Banerjee
- the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Duane Miller
- the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | | | - James Fells
- the Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Derek Norman
- the Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Gabor Tigyi
- the Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Diana Escalante-Alcalde
- From the Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - Tamara Rosenbaum
- From the Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México,
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Bisogno T, Maccarrone M. Endocannabinoid signaling and its regulation by nutrients. Biofactors 2014; 40:373-80. [PMID: 24753395 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Diet plays a central role in maintaining health throughout life and a controlled food intake is associated to a reduced risk of certain diseases. A proper diet should include vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats that have to be optimally balanced in order to exert their physiological functions. The endogenous ligands of type-1 and type-2 cannabinoid receptors, N-arachidonoyl-ethanolamine and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, are arachidonic acid (AA) derivatives whose levels are regulated by the activity of metabolic enzymes, as well as by AA availability. Since the only sources of AA in mammals are diet and the enzymatic production in the liver from shorter-chain essential fatty acids like linoleic acid, it is realistic to hypothesize that endocannabinoid levels might be modulated by fatty acid composition of food. Therefore, in this review we summarize literature data indicating that endocannabinoid levels, and hence their activity at cannabinoid receptors, might be modulated by food composition. We focused our attention on dietary fatty acid content, and on type and esterified form of fatty acids in the different diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Bisogno
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy; Center of Integrated Research, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128, Rome, Italy
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De Petrocellis L, Schiano Moriello A, Fontana G, Sacchetti A, Passarella D, Appendino G, Di Marzo V. Effect of chirality and lipophilicity in the functional activity of evodiamine and its analogues at TRPV1 channels. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:2608-20. [PMID: 23902373 PMCID: PMC4009003 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Evodiamine, a racemic quinazolinocarboline alkaloid isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Evodiae fructus, has been reported to act as an agonist of the transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) cation channel both in vitro and in vivo. Evodiamine is structurally different from all known TRPV1 activators, and has significant clinical potential as a thermogenic agent. Nevertheless, the molecular bases for its actions are still poorly understood. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH To investigate the structure-activity relationships of evodiamine, the natural racemate was resolved, and a series of 23 synthetic analogues was prepared, using as the end point the intracellular Ca(2+) elevation in HEK-293 cells stably overexpressing either the human or the rat recombinant TRPV1. KEY RESULTS S-(+) evodiamine was more efficacious and potent than R-(-) evodiamine, and a new potent lead (Evo30) was identified, more potent than the reference TRPV1 agonist, capsaicin. In general, potency and efficacy correlated with the lipophilicity of the analogues. Like other TRPV1 agonists, several synthetic analogues could efficiently desensitize TRPV1 to activation by capsaicin. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Evodiamine qualifies as structurally unique lead structure to develop new potent TRPV1 agonists/desensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano De Petrocellis
- Istituto di Cibernetica, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Consiglio Nazionale delle RicerchePozzuoli, Italy
| | - Aniello Schiano Moriello
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Consiglio Nazionale delle RicerchePozzuoli, Italy
| | | | | | - Daniele Passarella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica ‘G. Natta’, Politecnico di MilanoMilano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Appendino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Alimentari, Farmaceutiche e Farmacologiche, Università del Piemonte OrientaleNovara, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Consiglio Nazionale delle RicerchePozzuoli, Italy
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