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Piper KN, Jahn A, Escoffery C, Woods-Jaeger B, Nunn A, Schwartz DP, Smith-Curry C, Sales J. A mixed methods evaluation of family-driven care implementation in juvenile justice agencies in Georgia. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2024; 12:8. [PMID: 38407654 PMCID: PMC10895769 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-024-00261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving family engagement in juvenile justice (JJ) system behavioral health services is a high priority for JJ systems, reform organizations, and family advocacy groups across the United States. Family-driven care (FDC) is a family engagement framework used by youth-serving systems to elevate family voice and decision-making power at all levels of the organization. Key domains of a family-driven system of care include: 1) identifying and involving families in all processes, 2) informing families with accurate, understandable, and transparent information, 3) collaborating with families to make decisions and plan treatments, 4) responding to family diversity and inclusion, 5) partnering with families to make organizational decisions and policy changes, 6) providing opportunities for family peer support, 7) providing logistical support to help families overcome barriers to participation, and 8) addressing family health and functioning. FDC enhances family participation, empowerment, and decision-making power in youth services; ultimately, improving youth and family behavioral health outcomes, enhancing family-child connectedness, and reducing youth recidivism in the JJ setting. METHODS We evaluated staff-perceived adoption of the eight domains of FDC across detention and community services agencies in the state of Georgia. We collected mixed methods data involving surveys and in-depth qualitative interviews with JJ system administrators, staff, and practitioners between November 2021- July 2022. In total, 140 individuals from 61 unique JJ agencies participated in surveys; and 16 JJ key informants participated in qualitative interviews. RESULTS FDC domains with the highest perceived adoption across agencies included identifying and involving families, informing families, collaborative decision-making and treatment planning, and family diversity and inclusion. Other domains that had mixed or lower perceived adoption included involving families in organizational feedback and policy making, family peer support, logistical support, and family health and functioning. Adoption of FDC domains differed across staff and organizational characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this mixed methods assessment will inform strategic planning for the scale-up of FDC strategies across JJ agencies in the state, and serve as a template for assessing strengths and weaknesses in the application of family engagement practices in systems nationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin N Piper
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Alexandra Jahn
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cam Escoffery
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Briana Woods-Jaeger
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amy Nunn
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | | | - Jessica Sales
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
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da Silva Carvalho I, Mendes RCMG, de Souza Soares Lima LH, da Silva GP, de Freitas Gonçalves Lima M, Guedes TG, Linhares FMP. Board game on sexually transmitted infections for imprisoned women. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:24. [PMID: 38183024 PMCID: PMC10770977 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The board games is an educational technology that represents an appealing, active and playful pedagogical strategy and may be capable of motivating imprisoned women to learn about Sexually Transmitted Infections. METHODS A methodological study to develop and evaluate a board game, following these stages: 1. Integrative literature review to identify educational technologies on Sexually Transmitted Infections used by imprisoned women; 2. Development of the board game; and 3. Content validation performed by 23 evaluators and semantic evaluation carried out with 10 imprisoned women who were enrolled in a school located within a female prison unit in the city of Recife, state of Pernambuco, Brazil. RESULTS The board game consisted of the following: 01 board; 01 instructions manual; 05 pawns; 52 cards; and 01 dice. A global Content Validity Index of 0.966 was reached in the content validation process performed by health and education professionals. In the validation of the board game content regarding appearance, performed by designers/developers, most of the items obtained a Content Validity Coefficient below 0.85, which resulted in the need for adjustments and a new validation round with these professionals, in which Content Validity Coefficient = 0.917 was obtained. In the semantic evaluation, all the women stated that they improved their knowledge, increased their motivation to attend the class and would like to play the board game again. CONCLUSIONS The "Previna" board game has been validated and can be considered an important pedagogical tool in the construction of knowledge in relation to the prevention, treatment and control of Sexually Transmitted Infections in the female prison context. The quality of this educational technology is directly related to its development based on an appropriate theoretical and methodological framework, in addition to satisfactory feedback from the target audience. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tatiane Gomes Guedes
- Graduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Patrão AL, McIntyre TM, Costa ECV, Matediane E, Azevedo V. Testing the effectiveness of two psychosocial interventions - ACCENT and Didactic - to prevent HIV/AIDS behavioral risk factors in Mozambican women: a randomized controlled study. AIDS Care 2024; 36:122-129. [PMID: 37490699 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2229236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
In Mozambique, women are the most affected by HIV/AIDS and heterosexual encounters remain the main route for HIV/AIDS. Condom use is the most effective method of HIV/AIDS prevention, and the intention to use and buy/get condoms has a significant role in safe sex behavior. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of two psychosocial interventions - the Didactic and ACCENT Interventions - to prevent HIV/AIDS among Mozambican Women. Participants were Mozambican women (n = 150), users of the gynecology clinic of the Central Hospital of Beira. The study design was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with assignment to three groups: Didactic intervention, ACCENT intervention, and Control group. Measures were from an adaption of the Women's Health Questionnaire, which includes questions about sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral variables related to HIV prevention/risk. There was a significant group effect on condom use and safer sex preparatory behaviors, F(2, 146) = 6.45, p = .002, with Bonferroni post-hoc tests showing differences between the ACCENT vs. Control groups and ACCENT vs. Didactic groups (all p = .022). There were no statistically significant time effects on both condom use and safer sex preparatory behaviors. Results are promising for HIV/AIDS prevention in Mozambican women at sexual risk, but replication is needed for generalizability of findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luísa Patrão
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto (CPUP), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of the University of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador - BA, Brazil
| | - Teresa M McIntyre
- Andy and Barbara Gessner College of Nursing and Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eleonora C V Costa
- Department of Psychology, Portuguese Catholic University, Braga, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Matediane
- Department of Gynaecology, Central Hospital of Beira, Beira, Mozambique
| | - Vanessa Azevedo
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto (CPUP), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of the University of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Vitsupakorn S, Pierce N, Ritchwood TD. Cultural interventions addressing disparities in the HIV prevention and treatment cascade among Black/African Americans: a scoping review. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1748. [PMID: 37679765 PMCID: PMC10485990 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16658-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Culture is an important determinant of HIV risk and protective behaviors; yet, we know little about how it is integrated in HIV interventions. This scoping review characterizes the integration of culture in HIV prevention and treatment interventions focused on Black/African Americans. We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed manuscripts published between July 1, 2011, and June 28, 2021. Twenty-five interventions were identified, with 96% focused on prevention. Most (40%) targeted men who have sex with men or transgender women. Only three were grounded in cultural theory. Although all interventions were labeled "culturally based," only two explicitly defined culture. Moreover, there was much diversity regarding the ways in which interventions integrated cultural elements, with some conflating race/ethnicity with culture. To improve uptake and HIV-related outcomes, interventions integrating culture are greatly needed. Additionally, HIV interventions purporting to be "culturally based" must include basic information to support rigor and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nia Pierce
- College of Humanities and Social Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Tiarney D Ritchwood
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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Zahmatkesh Rokhi N, Ebrahimzadeh Zagami S, Moradi M, Mazloum SR. The effect of education based on health belief model on high-risk health behaviors in youth: an interventional quasi-experimental study. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2023; 35:329-337. [PMID: 37376886 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2022-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study was designed to determine the effect of education based on health belief model (HBM) on high-risk health behaviors in youth. METHODS This interventional quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2020-2021 with the participation of 62 students living in the dormitories of University of Mashhad Medical Sciences with available sampling and random allocation in two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received six training sessions. The research instruments included: demographic information, researcher-made questionnaire including HBM constructs, youth high-risk behaviors questionnaire (2019) that were used before, immediately and one month after the educations. The collected data were analyzed using t-test, Mann-Whitney, and ANOVA with SPSS 21. RESULTS The mean scores in the field of high-risk behaviors as well as all constructs of HBM were not statistically significant in the two groups before the intervention (p>0.05), but the mean scores immediately and one month after the educational intervention in all constructs of the HBM and the range of high-risk behaviors (other than smoking behavior) in the experimental group compared to the control group was statistically significant (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Education based on HBM was effective in reducing high-risk health behaviors, so this educational model can be used to reduce high-risk health behaviors in female students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Zahmatkesh Rokhi
- student of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samira Ebrahimzadeh Zagami
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Faculty of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Moradi
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Faculty of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Mazloum
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Faculty of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Kissinger PJ, Green J, Latimer J, Schmidt N, Ratnayake A, Madkour AS, Clum G, Wingood GM, DiClemente RJ, Johnson C. Internet-Delivered Sexually Transmitted Infection and Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program: A Randomized Trial. Sex Transm Dis 2023; 50:329-335. [PMID: 36806151 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black older-teenaged women have disproportionately high rates of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and unintended pregnancy (UTP). Internet-based interventions can be delivered to large groups of people in a relatively inexpensive manner. In this randomized trial, we examine the efficacy of an evidence-based STI/UTP prevention intervention adapted for older teens and for Internet delivery. METHODS Black women aged 18-19 years who were not pregnant/seeking to become pregnant were enrolled (n = 637) and randomized to an 8-session intervention or attention control and were followed up at 6/12 months postintervention. The primary outcome was defined as uptake of reliable contraceptives. Other secondary outcomes were examined, including intention to use condoms, intention to use reliable contraception, and STI or pregnancy rates. RESULTS Overall, at baseline, reliable contraception was 54.8% and dual protection was 29.4%, and the prevalence of STI was 11.1%. Participants were similar by arm for most factors considered. Participation and follow-up rates were excellent (60.9% and 80.3%). There was no statistically significant difference in uptake of reliable contraception for intervention versus controls at 6 months (1.45 [0.99-2.12]) or 12 months (1.33 [0.92-1.91]). At 6 months, several secondary outcomes were improved/trended toward improvement in intervention compared with control, but this effect waned by 12 months, except for intention to use condoms which remained improved. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE The intervention was efficacious for increasing some self-reported UTP and STI prevention behaviors, which waned over time, and the intervention had minimal impact on STI or pregnancy rates suggesting that this type of online intervention may need additional components.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Aubrey Spriggs Madkour
- Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, Tulane University, School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Gretchen Clum
- Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, Tulane University, School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | | | - Ralph J DiClemente
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University, School of Global Public Health, New York, NY
| | - Carolyn Johnson
- Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, Tulane University, School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
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Kennedy CE, Yeh PT, Verster A, Luhmann N, Konath NM, de Mello MB, Baggaley R, Macdonald V. Counselling behavioural interventions for HIV, STI and viral hepatitis among key populations: a systematic review of effectiveness, values and preferences, and cost studies. J Int AIDS Soc 2023; 26:e26085. [PMID: 37221978 PMCID: PMC10206411 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.26085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Key populations (sex workers, men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, people in prisons and other closed settings, and trans and gender diverse individuals) are disproportionately affected by HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and viral hepatitis (VH). Counselling behavioural interventions are widely used, but their impact on HIV/STI/VH acquisition is unclear. METHODS To inform World Health Organization guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of effectiveness, values and preferences, and cost studies about counselling behavioural interventions with key populations. We searched CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed and EMBASE for studies published between January 2010 and December 2022; screened abstracts; and extracted data in duplicate. The effectiveness review included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with HIV/STI/VH incidence outcomes; secondary review outcomes of unprotected sex, needle/syringe sharing and mortality were captured if studies also included primary review outcomes. We assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration tool, generated pooled risk ratios through random effects meta-analysis and summarized findings in GRADE evidence profiles. Values and preferences and cost data were summarized descriptively. RESULTS We identified nine effectiveness, two values and preferences, and two cost articles. Meta-analysis of six RCTs showed no statistically significant effect of counselling behavioural interventions on HIV incidence (1280 participants; combined risk ratio [RR]: 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.41-1.20) or STI incidence (3783 participants; RR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.74-1.31). One RCT with 139 participants showed possible effects on hepatitis C virus incidence. There was no effect on secondary review outcomes of unprotected (condomless) sex (seven RCTs; 1811 participants; RR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.66-1.02) and needle/syringe sharing (two RCTs; 564 participants; RR 0.72; 95% CI: 0.32-1.63). There was moderate certainty in the lack of effect across outcomes. Two values and preferences studies found that participants liked specific counselling behavioural interventions. Two cost studies found reasonable intervention costs. DISCUSSION Evidence was limited and mostly on HIV, but showed no effect of counselling behavioural interventions on HIV/VH/STI incidence among key populations. CONCLUSIONS While there may be other benefits, the choice to provide counselling behavioural interventions for key populations should be made with an understanding of the potential limitations on incidence outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E. Kennedy
- Department of International HealthJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Ping Teresa Yeh
- Department of International HealthJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Annette Verster
- Department of Global HIVHepatitis and STI ProgrammesWorld Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Niklas Luhmann
- Department of Global HIVHepatitis and STI ProgrammesWorld Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland
| | | | - Maeve Brito de Mello
- Department of Global HIVHepatitis and STI ProgrammesWorld Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Rachel Baggaley
- Department of Global HIVHepatitis and STI ProgrammesWorld Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Virginia Macdonald
- Department of Global HIVHepatitis and STI ProgrammesWorld Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland
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Quinn CR, Boyd DT, Menon SE, Mitchell M, Radney A, Coker EJ, Lloyd Allen J, Simmons-Horton S, Hughley A, DiClemente RJ, Voisin DR. Exploring Substance Misuse Behaviors Among Black Girls in Detention: Intersections of Trauma, Sex, and Age. Addict Behav 2023; 143:107693. [PMID: 37003109 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
High risk substance misuse, trauma and gang involvement are prevalent in adolescents and often occur with youth involved with the youth punishment system. Evidence suggests that system involvement is related to trauma histories, substance misuse, as well as gang involvement. This study investigated the associations between individual and peer factors and their relationship to problem drug and alcohol use among Black girls involved with the youth punishment system. Data were collected from 188 Black girls in detention at baseline, as well as 3 and 6 month follow up periods. Measures assessed were abuse history, trauma history, sex while using drugs and alcohol, age, government assistance, and drug use. Significant findings from the multiple regression analyses indicated that younger girls were more likely to have a higher prevalence of having a drug problem than older girls at baseline. Having sex while on drugs and alcohol at the 3 month follow up period was correlated with drug use. These findings highlight how individual and peer factors can influence problem substance misuse, their behavior and peer relationships among Black girls in detention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille R Quinn
- University of Michigan, School of Social Work, Center for Equitable Family and Community Well-being, USA.
| | - Donte T Boyd
- The Ohio State University, College of Social Work, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Evelyn J Coker
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Sandra Rosenbaum School of Social Work, USA.
| | | | - Sherri Simmons-Horton
- University of New Hampshire, College of Health and Human Services, Social Work, USA.
| | | | | | - Dexter R Voisin
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, USA.
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Bounds DT, Stiles-Shields C, Schueller SM, Odgers CL, Karnik NS. Ethical considerations for developing pediatric mhealth interventions for teens with socially complex needs. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2023; 36:7-16. [PMID: 36134754 PMCID: PMC9898213 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
TOPIC Mobile Health (mHealth) stands as a potential means to better reach, assess, and intervene with teens with socially complex needs. These youth often face overlapping adversities including medical illness and a history of experiencing adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Clinicians are faced with navigating ethical decisions when developing mHealth tools for teens who have socially complex needs. Many tools have been developed for adults from the general population. However, despite the development of thousands of mHealth interventions, developers tend to focus on designing for usability, engagement, and efficacy, with less attention on the ethical considerations of making such tools. PURPOSE To safely move mHealth interventions from research into clinical practice, ethical standards must be met during the design phase. In this paper we adapt the Four Box Model (i.e., medical indications, preferences of patients, quality of life, and contextual features) to guide mHealth developers through ethical considerations when designing mHealth interventions for teens who present with a medical diagnosis and a history of ACEs. SOURCES A review of language, inclusive features, data sharing, and usability is presented using both the Four Box Model and potential scenarios to guide each consideration. CONCLUSIONS To better support designers of mHealth tools we present a framework for evaluating applications to determine overlap with ethical design and are well suited for use in clinical practice with underserved pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn T Bounds
- Irvine, Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Section of Community Behavioral Health, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Colleen Stiles-Shields
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Section of Community Behavioral Health, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Institute for Juvenile Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stephen M Schueller
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Candice L Odgers
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Niranjan S Karnik
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Section of Community Behavioral Health, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Institute for Juvenile Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Setty E, Dobson E. Department for Education Statutory Guidance for Relationships and Sex Education in England: A Rights-Based Approach? ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:79-93. [PMID: 36171488 PMCID: PMC9859846 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-022-02340-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In England, the Children and Social Work Act (HMSO, 2017) bestowed compulsory status on relationships and sex education (RSE), which means that young people's right to receive RSE has been codified in law. This paper analyzes how this right is upheld and enacted within the Department for Education (DfE) (2019) statutory guidance on RSE for schools in England. The analysis suggests that the guidance features contradictory discourses in which young people's rights are ostensibly advanced, but remain structured by adult-centric, heteronormative understandings of sex and relationships. It upholds a decontextualized and legalistic approach to rights, responsibilities, informed choice, and decision making. A narrow conception of rights is particularly evident regarding young people's digital sexual cultures, which are predominantly framed in terms of risk and harm. We argue that scholars should investigate how educators are designing and delivering RSE in light of the guidance, and the opportunities for and obstacles to a genuinely "rights-based" approach to RSE. While the policy discussed in this article is specific to England, the discussion has wider relevance for practitioners and policymakers across cultural and geographic contexts as it draws upon a model for analyzing how young people's sexuality is presented and addressed in legislative and curricular documentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Setty
- Department of Sociology, University of Surrey, 11 AD 03, Guildford, GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK.
| | - Emma Dobson
- School of Education, University of Durham, Durham, UK
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Carvalho IDS, Mendes RCMG, Souza Soares Lima LHD, Leal LP, Guedes TG, Linhares FMP. Effect of a board game about sexually transmitted infections on imprisoned women's knowledge: protocol for a quasi-experimental study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e062475. [PMID: 36375980 PMCID: PMC9664279 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in imprisoned women is high. In the prison school context, education in health is one of the best strategies to achieve positive indicators in terms of health promotion and disease prevention. The use of educational technologies, such as board games, can aid in the process of knowledge acquisition on a given subject matter. This article describes the protocol of a health educational intervention that addresses content about sexually transmitted infections directed to imprisoned women in a prison school. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A quasi-experimental study to test the effect of a board game on 64 imprisoned women's level of knowledge about sexually transmitted infections. The Previna board game was specifically created and validated for these women. The primary outcome will be the level of knowledge on sexually transmitted infections, measured using a score obtained after the assessment conducted during the initial interview, immediately after the intervention and after 15 days. ETHICS AND DISCLOSURE This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Pernambuco (Opinion No. 3 986 050 and CAAE: 30035520.7.0000.5208). The results will be presented to the school and to the Federal University of Pernambuco, as part of the activities of a PhD Thesis in Nursing, and will be disclosed in peer-reviewed journals and scientific events. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER RBR-2JWS7DV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luciana Pedrosa Leal
- Graduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Gomes Guedes
- Graduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Widman L, Maheux AJ, Craig E, Evans-Paulson R, Choukas-Bradley S. Sexual Communication between Adolescent Partners: A Scoping Review and Directions for Future Research. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2022; 59:984-999. [PMID: 35917190 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2022.2099787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sexual communication between adolescent partners is an important component of sexual health and wellbeing. Over 40 years of research on adolescent sexual communication has yielded rich information, yet there remain gaps in our understanding of the communication process. The purpose of this scoping review was to synthesize the body of research on adolescent sexual communication to identify how communication has been conceptualized, how researchers have measured communication, and what theoretical frameworks have been applied across the literature. We identified 198 assessments of sexual communication across 119 quantitative studies. This work included 127,489 adolescents (Mage = 15.97) from 15 countries (81.5% U.S.-based). Most studies relied on self-reports (93.4%) and surveyed only one member of a couple (97.5%). The definition of sexual communication was highly varied across the literature: in half of assessments (52.0%) sexual communication was operationalized as a behavior-the verbal or nonverbal exchange of messages about sex-whereas the remaining half of assessments captured social-cognitive aspects of communication (e.g., communication self-efficacy, fear/anxiety). There was also a tendency for investigators to create their own idiosyncratic instruments: half of studies (48.9%) used instruments created by the research team with limited or no discussion of reliability/validity. Regarding the topic of communication, a third of assessments (33.8%) focused exclusively on condom communication and another quarter (24.0%) focused on other safer-sex issues (e.g., STDs, abstinence). Notably absent were studies focused on communication surrounding consent or sexual pleasure. Also absent was a guiding conceptual model or theory that could unify this body of work. Overall, results highlight gaps and inconsistencies in how partner sexual communication has been conceptualized, measured, and theorized about in previous work. We provide several recommendations for future theory-building efforts as well as rigorous, multimethod empirical investigations of adolescent sexual communication that would further our understanding of this important aspect of adolescent sexual wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Widman
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University
| | - Anne J Maheux
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware
| | - Elizabeth Craig
- Department of Communication, North Carolina State University
| | | | - Sophia Choukas-Bradley
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh
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13
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Perceptions of Sexual Risk and HIV/STI Prevention Among Black Adolescent Girls in a Detention Center: an Investigation of the Role of Parents and Peers. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2022; 10:1224-1233. [PMID: 35595914 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01309-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Black American adolescent girls constitute approximately one third of the US youth legal system population. Their overrepresentation in the youth punishment system is an indicator of significant physical, sexual, and/or behavioral health needs. Since less is known about perceptions of HIV/STI risk among Black girls with juvenile justice histories, we used intersectionality theory to explore the following: (1) how a sample of Black girls in detention endorse their perceptions of sexual safety given the multiple intersections of their race, gender, and SES and (2) how their endorsements align with interlocking systems of social inequality for system-involved Black at the social structural level. We examined relational and behavioral factors associated perceived HIV/STI risk. Among a sample of 188 Black girls (ages 13-17 years), we examined parent and partner sexual communication, fear of condom negotiation, a positive STI test, and partner risk profile as significant correlates. Major findings indicated that greater partner communication was associated with higher perceived HIV/STI risk, whereas having had a risky sexual partner, fear of condom negotiation, and having had a positive STI test were correlated with lower perceived risk. The significant factors identified in this study can be the focus of STI prevention and intervention programs for Black girls with youth punishment histories.
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14
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Spaulding AC, Rabeeah Z, Del Mar González-Montalvo M, Akiyama MJ, Baker BJ, Bauer HM, Gibson BR, Nijhawan AE, Parvez F, Wangu Z, Chan PA. Prevalence and Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Correctional Settings: A Systematic Review. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 74:S193-S217. [PMID: 35416974 PMCID: PMC9989347 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Admissions to jails and prisons in the United States number 10 million yearly; persons entering locked correctional facilities have high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). These individuals come disproportionately from communities of color, with lower access to care and prevention, compared with the United States as a whole. Following PRISMA guidelines, the authors present results of a systematic review of literature published since 2012 on STIs in US jails, prisons, Immigration and Customs Enforcement detention centers, and juvenile facilities. This updates an earlier review of STIs in short-term facilities. This current review contributed to new recommendations in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2021 treatment guidelines for STIs, advising screening for Trichomonas in women entering correctional facilities. The current review also synthesizes recommendations on screening: in particular, opt-out testing is superior to opt-in protocols. Carceral interventions-managing diagnosed cases and preventing new infections from occurring (eg, by initiating human immunodeficiency virus preexposure prophylaxis before release)-can counteract structural racism in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Spaulding
- Departments of Epidemiology and Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health; Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zainab Rabeeah
- Departments of Epidemiology and Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health; Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Matthew J Akiyama
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Brenda J Baker
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Heidi M Bauer
- California Correctional Health Care Services, Elk Grove, California, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Brent R Gibson
- National Commission on Correctional Healthcare, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ank E Nijhawan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Farah Parvez
- National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Field Services Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Bureau of Tuberculosis Control, Division of Disease Control, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Zoon Wangu
- National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Field Services Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Bureau of Tuberculosis Control, Division of Disease Control, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City, New York, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases & Immunology, UMass Memorial Children's Medical Center & UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Ratelle STD/HIV Prevention Training Center, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philip A Chan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences at the Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of STD Elimination, National Centers for Disease Control and Elimination, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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15
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Opara I, Pierre K, Assan MA, Scheinfeld L, Alves C, Cross K, Lizarraga A, Brawner B. A Systematic Review on Sexual Health and Drug Use Prevention Interventions for Black Girls. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:3176. [PMID: 35328864 PMCID: PMC8950684 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between drug use and poor sexual health outcomes in Black adolescent females such as diagnoses of sexually transmitted infections, HIV, and early/unwanted pregnancy has been established in the literature. Yet, very few interventions have been successful in reducing the risk of poor sexual health outcomes and drug use for adolescent girls. Even more rare are interventions that are catered to specifically to Black girls in the United States, which is a group that has the highest rates of poorer sexual health outcomes and negative consequences associated with drug use. Therefore, this systematic review sought to identify and organize interventions that are focused on preventing HIV, STIs, early pregnancy and drug use for and include large samples of Black girls. Fifteen interventions were identified that met the review's search criteria. RESULTS A total of 15 interventions that were published between 2005 and 2020 were included in the review. While all but one intervention focused on sexual health outcomes, two interventions infused drug use education for girls. CONCLUSION This review provides recommendations for sexual health and drug use prevention researchers to engage in an intersectional framework and concludes with a summary of next steps to guide future research and policy work to address disparities that impact Black girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ijeoma Opara
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Kimberly Pierre
- Irvington Department of Health and Senior Services, Irvington, NJ 07111, USA;
| | | | - Laurel Scheinfeld
- Health Sciences Library, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
| | - Courtnae Alves
- School of Health Technology and Management Health Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
| | - Kristina Cross
- School of Social Welfare, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
| | - Ashley Lizarraga
- School of Social Welfare, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA;
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16
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Development of multiplex real-time quantitative PCR for simultaneous detection of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Mycoplasma genitalium in infertile women. Indian J Med Microbiol 2022; 40:231-234. [PMID: 35144833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) can cause sterility and many other problems for women planning pregnancy. Currently, almost 340 million people worldwide suffer from Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). This study made attempts to quickly identify STDs' most critical infectious agents using dedicated primers and probes. METHODS The present study was done on the cervical samples of 200 infertile women. After extracting the total DNA of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Mycoplasma genitalium, quantitative methods were employed to determine the rate of target bacteria using multiplex real-time PCR. RESULTS The multiplex qPCR showed the rates of 47%, 16%, 46%, and 16.5% for Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Mycoplasma genitalium in infertile women, respectively. In some patients, there were co-infections with two or three bacteria. The diagnostic approach used in our research could be employed as an alternative detection tool to identify the four most common STD-associated bacterial agents while detecting mixed infections. CONCLUSIONS Infertile women with no biological problems could have their genital tract checked using this newly designed identification technique and get proper treatment for their infections as quickly as possible.
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17
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Gannon-Loew KE, Holland-Hall C, Ebersole AM, Alexy E, Jackson K, Bonny AE. Expedited Partner Therapy in Female Adolescents: A Study of Acceptance and the Impact on Reinfection Rates. Sex Transm Dis 2021; 48:828-833. [PMID: 33833149 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the high risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in adolescents and young adults (AYAs), this study evaluated expedited partner therapy (EPT) acceptance and STI reinfection rates in female AYA before and after availability of EPT. METHODS The pre-EPT cohort was a 3-year (November 2012 to November 2015) retrospective chart review of female AYA positive for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and/or Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) before introduction of EPT. An EPT protocol for CT and TV infections was implemented after legalization in Ohio in 2016. The post-EPT cohort was a prospective review of patients positive for CT and TV for 2 years (5/2016-5/2018) after EPT introduction. We evaluated EPT acceptance and compared reinfection rates (positive test 1-6 months after initial infection) in the pre-EPT versus post-EPT cohorts and by EPT acceptance. RESULTS Among patients offered EPT, 28% (67/237) with CT and 25% (24/97) with TV accepted EPT. There were no significant differences in the reinfection rates for CT or TV in the pre-EPT versus post-EPT cohorts (CT: 24% (57/240) vs 20% (38/192), P = 0.42; TV: 23% (22/97) versus 14% (12/87), P = 0.11). Although lower, reinfections rates were not significantly different among patients who accepted versus did not accept EPT (CT, 13% (6/48) vs 21% (23/110), P = 0.50 and TV, 6% (1/18) vs 18% (9/49), P = 0.69). CONCLUSIONS Despite the implementation of an EPT protocol, STI reinfection rates among female AYA remained high, and many declined EPT. Further research is needed to identify barriers to the provision and acceptance of EPT and ways to address these factors.
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18
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Workowski KA, Bachmann LH, Chan PA, Johnston CM, Muzny CA, Park I, Reno H, Zenilman JM, Bolan GA. Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021. MMWR Recomm Rep 2021; 70:1-187. [PMID: 34292926 PMCID: PMC8344968 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 750] [Impact Index Per Article: 250.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
These guidelines for the treatment of persons who have or are at risk for
sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were updated by CDC after consultation
with professionals knowledgeable in the field of STIs who met in Atlanta,
Georgia, June 11–14, 2019. The information in this report updates the
2015 guidelines. These guidelines discuss 1) updated recommendations for
treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis,
and Trichomonas vaginalis; 2) addition of
metronidazole to the recommended treatment regimen for pelvic inflammatory
disease; 3) alternative treatment options for bacterial vaginosis; 4) management
of Mycoplasma genitalium; 5) human papillomavirus vaccine
recommendations and counseling messages; 6) expanded risk factors for syphilis
testing among pregnant women; 7) one-time testing for hepatitis C infection; 8)
evaluation of men who have sex with men after sexual assault; and 9) two-step
testing for serologic diagnosis of genital herpes simplex virus. Physicians and
other health care providers can use these guidelines to assist in prevention and
treatment of STIs.
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19
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Williamson A, Barbarin A, Campbell B, Campbell T, Franzen S, Reischl TM, Zimmerman M, Veinot TC. Uptake of and Engagement With an Online Sexual Health Intervention (HOPE eIntervention) Among African American Young Adults: Mixed Methods Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e22203. [PMID: 34269689 PMCID: PMC8325088 DOI: 10.2196/22203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Regarding health technologies, African American young adults have low rates of uptake, ongoing usage, and engagement, which may widen sexual health inequalities. Objective We aimed to examine rates of uptake and ongoing usage, and factors influencing uptake, ongoing usage, and engagement for a consumer health informatics (CHI) intervention for HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention among African American young adults, using the diffusion of innovation theory, trust-centered design framework, and O’Brien and Toms’ model of engagement. Methods This community-based participatory mixed methods study included surveys at four time points (n=315; 280 African American participants) among young adults aged 18 to 24 years involved in a blended offline/online HIV/STI prevention intervention (HIV Outreach, Prevention, and Education [HOPE] eIntervention), which was described as a “HOPE party.” Qualitative interviews were conducted with a subset of participants (n=19) after initial surveys and website server logs indicated low uptake and ongoing usage. A generalized linear mixed-effects model identified predictors of eIntervention uptake, server logs were summarized to describe use over time, and interview transcripts were coded and thematically analyzed to identify factors affecting uptake and engagement. Results Participants’ initial self-reported eIntervention uptake was low, but increased significantly over time, although uptake never reached expectations. The most frequent activity was visiting the website. Demographic factors and HOPE party social network characteristics were not significantly correlated with uptake, although participant education and party network gender homophily approached significance. According to interviews, one factor driving uptake was the desire to share HIV/STI prevention information with others. Survey and interview results showed that technology access, perceived time, and institutional and technological trust were necessary conditions for uptake. Interviews revealed that factors undermining uptake were insufficient promotion and awareness building, and the platform of the intervention, with social media being less appealing due to previous negative experiences concerning discussion of sexuality on social media. During the interaction with the eIntervention, interview data showed that factors driving initial engagement were audience-targeted website esthetics and appealing visuals. Ongoing usage was impeded by insufficiently frequent updates. Similarly, lack of novelty drove disengagement, although a social media contest for sharing intervention content resulted in some re-engagement. Conclusions To encourage uptake, CHI interventions for African American young adults can better leverage users’ desires to share information about HIV/STI prevention with others. Ensuring implementation through trusted organizations is also important, though vigorous promotion is needed. Visual appeal and targeted content foster engagement at first, but ongoing usage may require continual content changes. A thorough analysis of CHI intervention use can inform the development of future interventions to promote uptake and engagement. To guide future analyses, we present an expanded uptake and engagement model for CHI interventions targeting African American young adults based on our empirical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Williamson
- School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | | | - Terrance Campbell
- YOUR Center, Flint, MI, United States.,TigerLIFE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Susan Franzen
- Prevention Research Center of Michigan, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Thomas M Reischl
- Prevention Research Center of Michigan, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Marc Zimmerman
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Tiffany Christine Veinot
- School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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20
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Patrão AL, McIntyre TM, Costa ECV, Matediane E, Azevedo V. Testing the Effectiveness of Two Psychosocial Interventions on Socio-Cognitive Risk Factors for HIV/AIDS in Mozambican Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2021; 33:169-186. [PMID: 34014113 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2021.33.3.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two psychosocial interventions (Didactic and ACCENT) on socio-cognitive risk factors, in vulnerable Mozambican women at risk for HIV/AIDS infection. The study design was a randomized controlled trial on Mozambican women at HIV/AIDS risk (n = 150). The participants were randomized into three groups: Didactic Intervention (experimental group), ACCENT intervention (experimental group), and control group. We used an adapted version of the Women's Health Questionnaire, which includes a series of scales and questionnaires assessing psychosocial relevant dimensions to female protection towards HIV/AIDS: HIV/AIDS knowledge, condom use negotiation self-efficacy, and perceived barriers against safer sex. Both interventions were equally effective in increasing HIV/AIDS knowledge. The ACCENT intervention was especially effective in promoting condom use negotiation self-efficacy and in decreasing perceived barriers against safer sex, essential variables for sexual protection. These results support the adaptation of Western interventions to the African context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luísa Patrão
- University of Porto, Portugal and Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
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21
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Carvalho IDS, Mendes RCMG, Melo PDOC, Simões CF, Leal LP, Guedes TG, Ormeno GIR, Linhares FMP. Effect of interventions based on educational technologies on the prevention of sexually transmitted infections in incarcerated women: protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e043373. [PMID: 33858868 PMCID: PMC8055134 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prisons are places with high vulnerability and high risk for the development of sexually transmitted infections. World Health Agencies recommend establishing intervention measures, such as information and education, on the prevention of diseases. Thus, technologies as tools for health education have been used to reduce sexually transmitted infections. However, no systematic review has investigated the effectiveness of these interventions. Therefore, this review's objective is to examine the effect of educational technologies used for preventing sexually transmitted infections in incarcerated women. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines will be strictly followed. The following electronic databases will be searched: Scopus; Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, Education Resources Information Center, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Randomised clinical trials of interventions that used educational technologies to prevent sexually transmitted infections in incarcerated women will be searched in the databases from the beginning of 2020 until December by two researchers independently. A narrative synthesis will be constructed for all included studies, and if there are sufficient data, a meta-analysis will be performed using the Review Manager software (V.5.3). Continuous results will be presented as the weighted mean difference or the standardised mean difference with 95% CIs. Under the heterogeneity of the included studies, a random-effects or fixed-effects model will be used. The studies' heterogeneity will be assessed by the I2 method. The sensitivity analysis will be carried out to examine the magnitude of each study's influence on the general results. A significance level of p≤0.05 will be adopted. ETHICS AND DISCLOSURE Ethical approval is not required because no primary data will be collected. The results will be published in journals reviewed by peers. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020163820.
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22
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Ferrand JL, Blashill AJ, Corliss HL, Walsh-Buhi ER. Condom application skills and self-efficacy in youth: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249753. [PMID: 33831080 PMCID: PMC8032349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, and in the United States (U.S.) specifically, rates of reported sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have been steadily increasing and are especially high among youth aged 13-25 years. Using condoms correctly and consistently is an effective STI prevention measure for sexually active youth, yet public health endeavors tend to focus only on condom use consistency. Directly measuring condom application is challenging and expensive. Alternative tools evaluate this behaviour, but little evidence exists on the appropriateness of these instruments in measuring application skills. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the association between condom application skills and self-efficacy. We conducted a search of several databases as well as unpublished works. Studies were included if they were in English, examined youth aged 13-25 years, and were available between 1992 and 2019. The authors screened 630 titles and abstracts for initial inclusion criteria. A full-text review of 30 studies was conducted. The authors included 19 studies in the systematic review and 5 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Both a fixed- and random-effects model (Q = .2321, I2 = 0%) yielded a medium-sized statistically non-significant association (r = 0.217) between skills and self-efficacy. Despite the small sample size, findings suggest that skills and self-efficacy may not be as interchangeable as previously assumed when assessing condom application. Implications for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L. Ferrand
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
| | - Aaron J. Blashill
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- San Diego State University/University of California Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Heather L. Corliss
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Eric R. Walsh-Buhi
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
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23
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Shamash Z, Catallozzi M, Dayan PS, Chernick LS. Preferences for Expedited Partner Therapy Among Adolescents in an Urban Pediatric Emergency Department: A Mixed-Methods Study. Pediatr Emerg Care 2021; 37:e91-e96. [PMID: 30883535 PMCID: PMC6744998 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000001746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Expedited partner therapy (EPT) refers to treating sexual partners of patients with sexually transmitted infections by providing prescriptions or medications to give to their partners. Expedited partner therapy is not routinely prescribed in the emergency department (ED). Our objective was to explore adolescent preferences for EPT use in the ED. METHODS We conducted a mixed-methods study using surveys and semistructured interviews in one urban ED. Sexually active patients aged 15 to 19 years completed an anonymous survey eliciting (1) sexual history and risky sexual behaviors, (2) preferences for partner notification when hypothetically testing positive for an STI, and (3) preferences for EPT. A subsample of survey respondents participated in the interviews, which were conducted until no new perspectives emerged. Investigators analyzed interviews using thematic analysis. RESULTS A total of 247 participants completed surveys; the majority were female (183/247, 74%), Hispanic (209/243, 86%), and did not use a condom at last intercourse (129/243, 53%). Two thirds of participants (152/236, 64%) did not prefer EPT for partner notification. Preference for EPT was not associated with sex, age, ethnicity, condom use, a steady sexual partner, or STI history. Qualitative data from both surveys and interviews revealed the following reasons for not preferring EPT: concern for partner safety, importance of determining partner STI status, perceived benefit of clinical interaction, and partner accountability. Reasons for preferring EPT included increased treatment accessibility and convenience. CONCLUSIONS The majority of adolescent patients in a pediatric ED did not prefer EPT. Emergency department practitioners should address common concerns regarding EPT to increase EPT adherence if prescribed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohar Shamash
- Zohar Shamash, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency
Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 3959 Broadway, CHN 1-116, Columbia University
Medical Center, NY, NY, United States;
| | - Marina Catallozzi
- Marina Catallozzi, MD, MSCE, Population and Family Health
and Pediatrics at the Columbia University Medical Center, 622 W 168
Street, PH-520, NY, NY, United States;
| | - Peter S Dayan
- Peter S Dayan, MD MSc, Division of Pediatric Emergency
Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 3959 Broadway, CHN 1-116, Columbia University
Medical Center, NY, NY, United States;
| | - Lauren S Chernick
- Lauren Chernick MD MSc, Division of Pediatric Emergency
Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 3959 Broadway, CHN 1-116, Columbia University
Medical Center, NY, NY, United States; ,
212-305-9825 (phone), 212-305-0682 (fax)
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24
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Waller B, Quinn CR, Boyd D, DiClemente R, Voisin DR. Correlates of depression among Black girls exposed to violence. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2021; 9:146-155. [PMID: 33403651 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-020-00937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Depression rates for youth remanded to juvenile detention is double that of the general population and Black girls are especially vulnerable. A dearth of literature analyzes the factors that are correlated with depression among system-involved Black girls, ages 12-17 years old. We utilized personal agency to examine the relationship between risk factors (i.e., abuse history, and fear of condom negotiation) and protective factors (i.e., condom self-efficacy, and perceived social support) that might correlate with depression among Black girls exposed to violence. Findings indicate that fear of condom negotiation, abuse history and low condom self-efficacy are correlated with depressive symptomology while self-esteem and perceived social support are protective factors that may serve as a buffer against girls' feelings of helplessness and hopelessness. The findings of this study suggest several implications for prevention and intervention efforts to reduce the depression-related risks among justice-involved Black females, including strategies that promote healing within their social support networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadine Waller
- School of Social Work, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA.
| | - Camille R Quinn
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Donte Boyd
- Graduate College of Social Work, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ralph DiClemente
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dexter R Voisin
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Carvalho IDS, Guedes TG, Bezerra SMMDS, Alves FAP, Leal LP, Linhares FMP. Educational technologies on sexually transmitted infections for incarcerated women. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2020; 28:e3392. [PMID: 33174996 PMCID: PMC7647417 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.4365.3392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to analyze in the scientific literature the educational technologies on sexually transmitted infections used in health education for incarcerated women. METHOD an integrative review carried out by searching for articles in the following databases: Scopus, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, Education Resources Information Center, PsycInFO, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Latin American Literature in Health Sciences, Cochrane, and the ScienceDirect electronic library. There were no language and time restrictions. A search strategy was developed in PubMed and later adapted to the other databases. RESULTS a total of 823 studies were initially identified and, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, eight articles were selected. Most of them were developed in the United States with a predominance of randomized clinical trials. The technologies identified were of the printed materials type, isolated or associated to simulators of genital organs, videos, and games. CONCLUSION the technologies on sexually transmitted infections used in health education for incarcerated women may contribute to adherence to the prevention of this serious public health problem in the context of deprivation of liberty.
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Evans R, Widman L, Stokes MN, Javidi H, Hope EC, Brasileiro J. Association of Sexual Health Interventions With Sexual Health Outcomes in Black Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr 2020; 174:676-689. [PMID: 32310261 PMCID: PMC7171582 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Black adolescents are at increased risk of contracting HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and experiencing unplanned pregnancy. Although sexual health interventions aimed at decreasing these risks exist, evidence of the association between sexual health interventions and the sexual behavior of black adolescents has not been synthesized to our knowledge. OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between sexual health interventions and behavioral, biological, and psychological outcomes. DATA SOURCES For this systematic review and meta-analysis, a systematic search was conducted of studies published through January 31, 2019, using the PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases and relevant review articles. The following key words were used: youth, adolesc* or teen*; sexual health or safe* sex or sexually transmitted disease or sexually transmitted infection or STD or STI or HIV or AIDS or pregnancy or reproductive health or condom* or contracept* or unprotected sex or abstinence; intervention or program or education or prevention or promotion or trial; latino* or latina* or latinx* or minorit* or ethnic* or hispanic or african american* or black* or race or racial or biracial. STUDY SELECTION Studies were included if they included a US-based sample of black adolescents, evaluated a sexual health intervention using experimental or quasi-experimental designs, included a behavioral outcome, and were published in English. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Standardized mean differences and 95% CIs were extracted and meta-analyzed using random-effects models. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Behavioral outcomes were abstinence, condom use, and number of sex partners. Biological outcomes were pregnancy and STI contraction. Psychological outcomes were sexual health intentions, knowledge, and self-efficacy. RESULTS Across 29 studies including 11 918 black adolescents (weighted mean age, 12.43 years), there was a significant weighted mean association of sexual health interventions with improvements in abstinence (Cohen d = 0.14; 95% CI, 0.05-0.24) and condom use (Cohen d = 0.25; 95% CI, 0.11-0.39). No significant mean association of these interventions with number of sex partners, pregnancy, or STI contraction was found. Sexual health interventions were significantly associated with improvements in psychological outcomes: sexual health intentions (Cohen d = 0.17; 95% CI, 0.05-0.30), knowledge (Cohen d = 0.46; 95% CI, 0.30-0.63), and self-efficacy (Cohen d = 0.19; 95% CI, 0.09-0.28). Intervention effect sizes were consistent across factors, such as participant sex and age and intervention dose. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings suggest that sexual health interventions are associated with improvements in sexual well-being among black adolescents. There appears to be a need for wide-scale dissemination of these programs to address racial disparities in sexual health across the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Evans
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh
| | - Laura Widman
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh
| | | | - Hannah Javidi
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh
| | - Elan C. Hope
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh
| | - Julia Brasileiro
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh
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Barnert E, Sun A, Abrams L, Chung PJ. Reproductive health needs of recently incarcerated youth during community reentry: a systematic review. BMJ SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2020; 46:161-171. [PMID: 31722933 PMCID: PMC8262509 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsrh-2019-200386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth involved in the juvenile justice system have high reproductive health needs and, on exiting detention, face the challenging transition of reentry. We conducted a systematic literature review to describe what is known about youths' reproductive health needs during community reentry after incarceration. METHODS We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar for articles containing key words with the concepts 'child or adolescent', 'incarcerated' and 'reentry'. In the search, we defined the concept of 'reentry' as within 1 month prior to release (to include interventions involving pre-release planning) and up to 18 months after release from incarceration. RESULTS Our search yielded 2187 articles. After applying all exclusion criteria, 14 articles on reproductive health remained for extraction. The articles provided data on the following aspects of youths' reproductive health: frequency of condom use (eight articles), sexual risk behaviours other than lack of condom use (seven articles), and prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (three articles). CONCLUSIONS The literature on the reproductive health needs of youth undergoing reentry is extremely limited. Current intervention studies yield mixed but promising results and more intervention studies that address both pre-release reentry planning and the post-incarceration period are needed. Given incarcerated youths' well-documented reproductive health disparities compared with non-incarcerated adolescents, the identified gaps represent important opportunities for future research and programmatic emphasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Barnert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ava Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Laura Abrams
- Department of Social Welfare, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paul J Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Shekar A, Gross A, Luebbers E, Honsky J. Effects of an Interprofessional Student-Led Sexual Education Program on Self-Efficacy and Attitudes About Sexual Violence in Youths in Juvenile Detention. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2020; 33:302-306. [PMID: 31874315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE We aim to explore the impact of an interprofessional graduate student-led sexual education curriculum on sexual self-efficacy, perceived importance of sexual consent, and willingness to intervene against sexual violence in the high-risk population of detained youths. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Medical, nursing, social work, and physician assistant students implemented a 3-session, comprehensive sexual health curriculum for detained youths (n = 253). INTERVENTIONS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The curriculum from Son et al (2017) was adapted to include a more targeted curriculum on consent and safe relationships. Youths completed pre- and postintervention assessments that evaluated their sexual self-efficacy and violence-related beliefs and behaviors. RESULTS Detained youths completing the curriculum showed statistically significant increases in the sexual self-efficacy (P < .001), view of the importance of consent (P < .001), and willingness to intervene (P = .0027). The subset of male individuals and adolescents aged 17-19 years achieved statistically significant improvement in each category; adolescents aged 12-14 years did not. Female participants showed statistically significant improvement in sexual self-efficacy scores only. CONCLUSIONS The curriculum addressing topics of consent and sexual violence was effective in improving detained youths' belief in their ability to safely navigate a sexual encounter and their attitudes toward sexual assault. Additional research on gender- and age-specific programming and the long-term impact on sexual health risk behaviors is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Shekar
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Abby Gross
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ellen Luebbers
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jesse Honsky
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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29
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Parrish DE. Achieving Justice for Girls in the Juvenile Justice System. SOCIAL WORK 2020; 65:149-158. [PMID: 32280972 DOI: 10.1093/sw/swaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Female involvement in the juvenile justice system has steadily increased in the United States over the past three decades. During this time, as male arrests have declined, female arrests have increased. Although many social workers have responded to these trends with a national call to identify and address the unique needs of these girls, we lack much high-quality research, including empirically supported interventions or programming to serve the needs of female youths involved in the justice system. This article provides a summary of the extant research that helps document the unique needs of these female youths and national policy efforts and practice considerations for social work practitioners. These needs and policy initiatives offer important opportunities for social workers to conduct research to improve the understanding of this population and also ways in which to provide services that address these youths' complex needs. The article concludes that these female youths-most of whom are not a danger to society-need services instead of involvement in the justice system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E Parrish
- School of Social Work, Baylor University, 4100 S. Main Street, Houston, TX 77002
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Elkington KS, Robertson AA, Knight DK, Gardner SK, Funk RR, Dennis ML, Oser C, DiClemente R. HIV/STI Service Delivery Within Juvenile Community Supervision Agencies: A National Survey of Practices and Approaches to Moving High-Risk Youth Through the HIV Care Cascade. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2020; 34:72-80. [PMID: 32049557 PMCID: PMC7044763 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2019.0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Justice-involved youth (JIY) are at considerable risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but are disconnected from treatment and prevention. Juvenile justice agencies providing community supervision (CS) are well positioned to provide HIV prevention, testing, and prompt referral to treatment for JIY. However, we lack an understanding of juvenile CS agency responses to HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) needs among JIY. We conducted a nationwide systematic assessment of how juvenile CS agencies identify, refer, and move youth through the HIV care cascade using a nationally representative sample of 195 juvenile CS agencies across 20 states. Two-thirds of CS agencies did not offer any HIV-/STI-related services, and 82% reported no collaboration with health agencies. Screening or referral for HIV risk behaviors was reported by 32% of the CS agencies and 12% for any intervention or prevention for HIV/STI risk behaviors. Between 21% and 30% of agencies were unaware of the location of local HIV/STI services. HIV/STI prevention training was not a priority for directors and was ranked second to last out of 16 training topics. Agencies where staff expressed need for HIV risk training and where specific court programming was available were more likely to provide or refer for HIV/STI screening and/or testing. Agencies were more likely to provide or refer for services if they provided pre-trial/pre-adjudication supervision, parole, or court programming. Considering the low provision of HIV/STI-related services and limited collaboration between health and justice agencies, interventions that promote cross-system collaboration designed to minimize barriers and facilitate identification, referral, and linkage to HIV services for JIY are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S. Elkington
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Angela A. Robertson
- Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi
| | - Danica K. Knight
- Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Sheena K. Gardner
- Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi
| | | | | | - Carrie Oser
- Department of Sociology and Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Behavioral Science, Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Ralph DiClemente
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University, New York, New York
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Kim BKE, Quinn CR, Logan-Greene P, DiClemente R, Voisin D. A longitudinal examination of African American adolescent females detained for status offense. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2020; 108:104648. [PMID: 32565590 PMCID: PMC7304544 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.104648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Behaviors like truancy, running away, curfew violation, and alcohol possession fall under the status offense category and can have serious consequences for adolescents. The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency and Prevention Act prohibited detaining status offenders. We explored the degree to which African American adolescent girls were being detained for status offenses and the connections to their behavioral health risks and re-confinement. METHODS 188 African American girls (aged 13-17), recruited from detention facilities, were surveyed at baseline and 3-month follow-ups. Logistic regression models estimated the likelihood of longitudinal re-confinement, controlling for sexual and behavioral health risk factors. RESULTS One third of the overall sample was detained for a status offense. Status offenders were exposed to higher peer risk profiles. At follow-up, nearly 39% of status offenders reported re-confinement. Compared to youth with other offenses, those who violated a court order (type of status offense) were 3 times more likely to be re-confined. Controlling for sexual and behavioral health risk factors, the odds of re-confinement was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Overall findings suggest that courts and detention facilities must devote specialized resources to addressing the socio-behavioral needs of African American girls with status offenses so as not to use detention as an intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Kyung Elizabeth Kim
- USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University
of Southern California, 669 W 34 Street, SWC 218, Los Angeles, CA
90089, United States
| | - Camille R. Quinn
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, 325U
Stillman Hall, 1947 College Road, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Patricia Logan-Greene
- School of Social Work, University at Buffalo, 685 Baldy
Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States
| | - Ralph DiClemente
- College of Global Public Health, New York University,
715-719 Broadway Avenue, New York, NY 10003, United States
| | - Dexter Voisin
- School of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor
Street West, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4, Canada
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Parrish DE, von Sternberg K, Benjamins LJ, Duron JF, Velasquez MM. CHOICES-TEEN: Reducing Substance-Exposed Pregnancy and HIV among Juvenile Justice Adolescent Females. RESEARCH ON SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE 2019; 29:618-627. [PMID: 31680759 PMCID: PMC6824550 DOI: 10.1177/1049731518779717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The feasibility and acceptability of CHOICES-TEEN - a 3-session intervention to reduce overlapping risks of alcohol-exposed pregnancy (AEP), tobacco-exposed pregnancy (TEP) and HIV - was assessed among females in the juvenile justice system. METHODS Females 14-17 on community probation in Houston, Texas were eligible if presenting with aforementioned health risks. Outcome measures - obtained at one- and three-months post baseline - included the Timeline Followback, Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8, session completion/checklists, Working Alliance Inventory-Short, and open-ended questions. Twenty-two participants enrolled (82% Hispanic/Latina; mean age=16). RESULTS The results suggest strong acceptability and feasibility with high client satisfaction and client/therapist ratings, 91% session completion, and positive open-ended responses. All youth were at risk at baseline, with the following proportions at reduced risk at follow-up: AEP (90% 1-month; 71.4% at 3-months; TEP (77% of smokers (n=17) at reduced risk at 1-month; 50% at 3-months); and HIV (52.4% 1-month; 28.6% at 3-months).
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Allison M, Emerson A, Pickett ML, Ramaswamy M. Incarcerated Adolescents' Attitudes Toward Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: Report From a Juvenile Facility in Kansas. Glob Pediatr Health 2019; 6:2333794X19855290. [PMID: 31236433 PMCID: PMC6572877 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x19855290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Molly Allison
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Tolou-Shams M, Harrison A, Hirschtritt ME, Dauria E, Barr-Walker J. Substance Use and HIV Among Justice-Involved Youth: Intersecting Risks. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2019; 16:37-47. [PMID: 30734906 PMCID: PMC6597179 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-019-00424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review discusses recent advances in research on the intersection of HIV prevention and substance use among youth involved with the justice system. We discuss current themes of recent findings and provide guidance for researchers, policymakers, and clinicians on the next steps in advancing work in this nascent area. RECENT FINDINGS Of the 46 studies that measured HIV risk and substance use among justice-involved youth, 56% were cross-sectional designs, 22% were intervention trials, and 22% were longitudinal designs. Cross-sectional studies suggested that substance use is highly associated with HIV risk behaviors. Longitudinal analyses underscored the importance of understanding contextual risk factors, such as trauma and violence. Intervention trials demonstrated improved scientific rigor of behavioral approaches. Despite recent advances, research in this field remains limited. Future directions include longer follow-up periods, consideration of biomedical HIV-prevention interventions, and a focus on dissemination and implementation science of efficacious interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Tolou-Shams
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, Division of Infant Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Anna Harrison
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, Division of Infant Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew E Hirschtritt
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, 401 Parnassus Ave, 94143, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emily Dauria
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, Division of Infant Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jill Barr-Walker
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- ZSFG Library, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Shafii T, Benson SK, Morrison DM, Hughes JP, Golden MR, Holmes KK. Results from e-KISS: electronic-KIOSK Intervention for Safer Sex: A pilot randomized controlled trial of an interactive computer-based intervention for sexual health in adolescents and young adults. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209064. [PMID: 30673710 PMCID: PMC6343886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interactive computer-based interventions (ICBI) are potentially scalable tools for use in real-world settings to promote sexual health and prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancies. We developed and assessed the feasibility and acceptability of an ICBI for promoting adolescent and young adult sexual health, and the effectiveness of the intervention in reducing unprotected sex, STIs, and unintended pregnancy. METHODS This pilot randomized controlled trial enrolled STI Clinic patients, in Seattle, Washington, who were 14-24 years old and reported unprotected vaginal sex during the last 2 months. Both the control and intervention group used a computerized survey to enter their sexual health and only the intervention group received the ICBI. The ICBI included personalized sexual health feedback from a physician avatar; instructive video modules advocating sexual health; and identification of one behavior to change. At 3-month follow-up, participants reported on interim sexual and pregnancy histories and underwent repeat STI testing. We assessed intervention impact on unprotected vaginal sex, number of sexual partners, incident STIs, and unintended pregnancy. RESULTS Of 272 participants, 242 (89%) completed the study, of whom 65% were female. While these findings did not reach statistical significance, at 3-month follow-up, the intervention group reported a 33% lower rate of unprotected vaginal sex (no condom use) [IRR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.44-1.02]; 29% fewer sex partners [IRR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.50-1.03]; and 48% fewer STIs [IRR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.25-1.08] when compared to the control group. Similarly, as compared to the control group, intervention females reported a lower rate of unprotected vaginal sex (no birth control) [IRR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.47-1.35] and half as many unintended pregnancies (n = 5) versus control females (n = 10) [IRR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.17-1.58]. In exploratory analyses, intervention females reported fewer partners [IRR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.50-1.00] and a significantly lower rate of vaginal sex without condoms [IRR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.30-0.85]. CONCLUSION The intervention was acceptable to both males and females, and at 3-month follow-up, there were non-significant reductions in risk behavior for all outcomes. Among females, exploratory analysis showed a significant reduction in vaginal sex without condoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taraneh Shafii
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Samantha K. Benson
- Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Diane M. Morrison
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - James P. Hughes
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Matthew R. Golden
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Public Health Seattle & King County HIV/STD Program, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - King K. Holmes
- Departments of Global Health and Medicine, University of Washington Schools of Medicine and Public Health; and Center for AIDS & STD, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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Vandermorris A, Kerr L, Kives S. Receptiveness to Patient-Delivered Partner Therapy (PDPT) for Chlamydia Infection: Exploratory Findings From a Sample of Canadian Youth. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2018; 41:473-478. [PMID: 30528443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2018.03.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine hypothetical receptiveness among Canadian 15-24 year old youth to providing and receiving patient-delivered partner therapy (PDPT) for Chlamydia trachomatis infection and to explore patient characteristics associated with receptiveness. METHODS An anonymous cross-sectional survey was administered to a convenience sample of 312 youth ages 15-24 years presenting to a youth-focused community health centre (CHC) in Ajax, ON. The survey probed comfort with PDPT for chlamydia, both if the respondent was the hypothetical index case or the hypothetical partner. Participants ranked their hypothetical receptiveness on a five-point Likert Scale. Simple descriptive statistics were performed. RESULTS Mean age of respondents was 19.2 years. The majority (87.6%) endorsed previous sexual activity, of which 18.8% reported a previous chlamydia diagnosis. Seventy-eight percent of respondents endorsed hypothetical comfort with providing PDPT, while 65.4% and 53.3% of respondents expressed hypothetical willingness to receive PDPT if they were symptomatic and asymptomatic from chlamydia, respectively. Having multiple recent sexual partners was associated with increased hypothetical receptiveness to PDPT. Age was not correlated with a significant difference in responses. CONCLUSION Among 312 Canadian youth, a majority expressed hypothetical comfort with providing and receiving PDPT for C. trachomatis. Having multiple recent sexual partners significantly increased reported potential receptiveness. Within this sample, PDPT thus has a significant potential to reach youth engaging in higher-risk sexual behavior. Variations in comfort based on symptom status emphasized the importance of tailoring partner management strategies to individual patients and of ongoing patient education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Vandermorris
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON.
| | | | - Sari Kives
- Department of Paediatrics, Section on Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON
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Donenberg G, Emerson E, Kendall AD. HIV-risk reduction intervention for juvenile offenders on probation: The PHAT Life group randomized controlled trial. Health Psychol 2018; 37:364-374. [PMID: 29389155 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Juvenile offenders report high rates of sexual risk taking, increasing the possibility of HIV. This 2-arm group randomized controlled trial tested the efficacy of PHAT Life, a sexual risk reduction program, compared with a time-matched health promotion program for youth on probation. METHOD Male and female 13- to 17-year-olds (M = 16.08; SD = 1.09) recently arrested and placed on probation at an Evening Reporting Center were eligible for the study. Youth were 66% male, and 90% African American. Teens self-reported their sexual behavior (condom use, number of sexual partners) at baseline and 6 months. Retention was 85%. RESULTS Youth were randomized to PHAT Life (n = 163) or a health promotion program (n = 147). Among youth reporting the highest risk at baseline (a composite measure of multiple partners and inconsistent condom use), those who received PHAT Life were over 4 times more likely than the control group to report a lower level of risk (i.e., no sex or one partner plus consistent condom use) by 6 months, OR = 4.28 with 95% CI [1.37, 13.38], SE = 0.58, p = .01. Among sexually active teens who reported sexual debut before 12-years-old, those who received PHAT Life reported significantly fewer sexual partners at 6-months than controls, partial eta squared = .32, p = .002. CONCLUSIONS Findings support PHAT Life's efficacy to reduce sexual risk for juvenile offenders on probation. Future research should examine how best to disseminate PHAT Life to ensure that it is self-sustaining within the juvenile justice system. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Geri Donenberg
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Erin Emerson
- Center for Dissemination and Implementation Science, Healthy Youths Program, Community Outreach Intervention Projects, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Ashley D Kendall
- Center for Dissemination and Implementation Science, Healthy Youths Program, Community Outreach Intervention Projects, University of Illinois at Chicago
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Abstract
The criminal justice (CJ) system can be leveraged to access women for HIV prevention and treatment programs. Research is lacking on effective implementation strategies tailored to the specific needs of CJ-involved women. We conducted a scoping review of published studies in English from the United States that described HIV interventions, involved women or girls, and used the CJ system as an access point for sampling or intervention delivery. We identified 350 studies and synthesized data from 42 unique interventions, based in closed (n = 26), community (n = 7), or multiple/other CJ settings (n = 9). A minority of reviewed programs incorporated women-specific content or conducted gender-stratified analyses. CJ systems are comprised of diverse access points, each with unique strengths and challenges for implementing HIV treatment and prevention programs for women. Further study is warranted to develop women-specific and trauma-informed content and evaluate program effectiveness.
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Raiford JL, Seth P, Fasula AM, DiClemente RJ. When a relationship is imperative, will young women knowingly place their sexual health at risk? A sample of African American adolescent girls in the juvenile justice system. Sex Health 2017; 14:331-337. [PMID: 28445686 PMCID: PMC11025295 DOI: 10.1071/sh16160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV and other sexually transmissible infections (HIV/STIs) are significant contributors to adolescent girls' morbidity in the US. Risks for HIV/STIs are increased among adolescent girls involved in the juvenile justice system, and African American adolescent girls comprise nearly 50% of adolescent girls in detention centres. Although HIV prevention programs focus on HIV/STI knowledge, increased knowledge may not be sufficient to reduce sexual risk. The present study examined the interactive effects of HIV/STI knowledge and the importance of being in a relationship (a relationship imperative) on sexual risk behaviours in a sample of detained African American adolescent girls. METHODS In all, 188 African American adolescent girls, 13-17 years of age, were recruited from a short-term detention facility in Atlanta, Georgia, and completed assessments on sexual risk behaviours, relationship characteristics, HIV/STI knowledge and several psychosocial risk factors. RESULTS When girls endorsed a relationship imperative, higher HIV/STI knowledge was associated with low partner communication self-efficacy, inconsistent condom use and unprotected sex, when controlling for demographics and self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS Young girls with high HIV/STI knowledge may have placed themselves at risk for HIV/STIs given the importance and value they place on being in a relationship. Contextual factors should be considered when developing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerris L. Raiford
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop E-59, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Puja Seth
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop E-59, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
- Present address: Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, MS F-62, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA
| | - Amy M. Fasula
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop E-59, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
- Division of Reproductive Health, 4770 Buford Highway, MS F74, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA
| | - Ralph J. DiClemente
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral Sciences & Health Education, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, Social & Behavioral Science Core, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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40
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Concordance Between Laboratory Diagnosed Sexually Transmitted Infections and Self-Reported Measures of Risky Sex by Partner Type Among Rural Ugandan Outpatients. AIDS Behav 2017; 21:2167-2172. [PMID: 27665546 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-016-1543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Numerous HIV risk reduction interventions which show effects on sexual risk behaviors fail to find effects on STIs. We examined the concordance between laboratory diagnosed STIs and sexual risk behavior among Ugandan outpatients (n = 328). We screened for STIs and assessed sexual behavior at baseline and 6 month follow-up. Less risk was associated with an STI at baseline. At follow-up more unprotected sex with casual partners was associated with incident Syphilis, more unprotected sex with primary and secondary regular partners was associated with incident Chlamydia or Gonorrhea. Our results suggest ways to improve concordance between behavioral measures and STIs.
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41
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Hendrick CE, Canfield C. HIV Risk-Reduction Prevention Interventions Targeting African American Adolescent Women. ADOLESCENT RESEARCH REVIEW 2017; 2:131-149. [PMID: 28626791 PMCID: PMC5472099 DOI: 10.1007/s40894-016-0036-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
African American young women are overwhelmingly disproportionately burdened by HIV/AIDS in the United States today. The purpose of the current systematic review was to identify the characteristics of efficacious HIV risk-reduction prevention interventions targeting African American adolescent women in order to inform future intervention development and expansion. We searched PubMed, PsychInfo, and ProQuest databases for journal articles and dissertations published between 2000 and 2015 reporting the impacts of HIV risk-reduction prevention interventions in the U.S. targeting African American adolescent women under age 25. Twenty articles assessing the efficacy of 12 interventions were eligible for inclusion. Selected interventions represented a total of 5,556 African American adolescent women and primarily drew from self-efficacy and self-empowerment-based theoretical frameworks. One intervention targeted girls under age 13; eight included participants ages 13-17; ten targeted adolescents aged 18-24 years; and five interventions included women over age 24 among their participants. Most interventions consisted of in-person knowledge and skills-based group or individual sessions led by trained African American female health professionals. Three were delivered via personal electronic devices. All programs intervened directly at the individual-level; some additionally targeted mothers, friends, or sexual partners. Overall, efficacious interventions among this population promote gender and ethnic pride, HIV risk-reduction self-efficacy, and skills building. They target multiple socio-ecological levels and tailor content to the specific age range, developmental period, and baseline behavioral characteristics of participants. However, demonstrated sustainability of program impacts to date are limited and should be addressed for program enhancements and expansions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Emily Hendrick
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, 305
E. 23rd Street, Stop G1800, CLA 2.602, Austin, TX 78712-1699
| | - Caitlin Canfield
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, 305
E. 23rd Street, Stop G1800, CLA 2.602, Austin, TX 78712-1699
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42
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A Review of Expedited Partner Therapy for the Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Adolescents. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2017; 30:341-348. [PMID: 28167140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents are at high risk of acquiring and becoming reinfected with sexually transmitted infections. Partner notification and treatment are essential to preventing the spread of sexually transmitted infections. Expedited partner therapy (EPT) is a method of partner treatment used by medical providers to treat patients' sexual partners without direct medical evaluation or counseling. The objective of this article is to review the current literature regarding EPT effectiveness, patients' attitudes and acceptance of EPT, and providers' views and practices surrounding the use of this method of partner treatment. In this article potential concerns associated with EPT use, current policy statements, and the legal status of EPT are discussed. EPT results in improved or equivalent rates of reinfection in adolescents and adults with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis. Overall, patients are accepting of this method of partner treatment, however, providers continue to have concerns that limit its routine use. Additional studies in adolescents will help providers better understand if EPT is a useful method to prevent reinfection in this population.
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Seth P, Jackson JM, DiClemente RJ, Fasula AM. Community trauma as a predictor of sexual risk, marijuana use, and psychosocial outcomes among detained African-American female adolescents. VULNERABLE CHILDREN AND YOUTH STUDIES 2017; 12:353-359. [PMID: 37564273 PMCID: PMC10413814 DOI: 10.1080/17450128.2017.1325547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Social determinants contribute to health disparities. Previous research has indicated that community trauma is associated with negative health outcomes. This study examined the impact of community trauma on sexual risk, marijuana use and mental health among African-American female adolescents in a juvenile detention center. One hundred and eighty-eight African-American female adolescents, aged 13-17 years, were recruited from a short-term detention facility and completed assessments on community trauma, sexual risk behavior, marijuana use, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and psychosocial HIV/STD risk factors. Findings indicate that community trauma was associated with unprotected sex, having a sex partner with a correctional/juvenile justice history, sexual sensation seeking, marijuana use, affiliation with deviant peers and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms at baseline and longitudinally. Findings reinforce the impact of community-level factors and co-occurring health issues, particularly in high-risk environments and among vulnerable populations. Structural and community-level interventions and policy-level changes may help improve access to resources and improve adolescents' overall health and standard of living in at-risk communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Seth
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jerrold M. Jackson
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, Prevention Science Core, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ralph J. DiClemente
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, Prevention Science Core, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amy M. Fasula
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Fleary SA. Combined Patterns of Risk for Problem and Obesogenic Behaviors in Adolescents: A Latent Class Analysis Approach. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2017; 87:182-193. [PMID: 28147457 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have used latent class analyses to explore obesogenic behaviors and substance use in adolescents independently. We explored a variety of health risks jointly to identify distinct patterns of risk behaviors among adolescents. METHODS Latent class models were estimated using Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) 2011 data. Behaviors in the models included substance use, physical fights, physical activity (PA), sedentary activity, sleep, fruit and vegetables (F&V) consumption, and weight-related variables. Models were estimated separately by sex. Constrained and unconstrained models were computed for race. Age and perceived and calculated weight status were compared among emergent latent classes using latent multinomial logistic regressions. RESULTS Four and 5 latent class solutions emerged for boys and girls, respectively. Healthy, sedentary, and physically active (PA) groups were common in both boys and girls. The sample of boys also included a health risk behavior (HRB)/PA group and the sample of girls included HRB and HRB/F&V groups. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm that obesogenic and HRBs should be conceptualized as combined patterns of risk. Health education programming in schools should adopt a multiple health behavior approach to target the continuum of risks adolescents engage in simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha A Fleary
- Eliot-Pearson Department of Child Study and Human Development, Tufts University, 574 Boston Ave, Room 211C, Medford, MA 02155
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45
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Tingey L, Chambers R, Rosenstock S, Lee A, Goklish N, Larzelere F. The Impact of a Sexual and Reproductive Health Intervention for American Indian Adolescents on Predictors of Condom Use Intention. J Adolesc Health 2017; 60:284-291. [PMID: 28034609 PMCID: PMC5326598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE American Indian (AI) adolescents experience inequalities in sexual health, in particular, early sexual initiation. Condom use intention is an established predictor of condom use and is an important construct for evaluating interventions among adolescents who are not yet sexually active. This analysis evaluated the impact of Respecting the Circle of Life (RCL), a sexual and reproductive health intervention for AI adolescents, on predictors of condom use intention. METHODS We utilized a cluster randomized controlled trial design to evaluate RCL among 267 AIs ages 13-19. We examined baseline psychosocial and theoretical variables associated with condom use intention. Generalized estimating equation regression models determined which baseline variables predictive of condom use intention were impacted. RESULTS Mean sample age was 15.1 years (standard deviation 1.7) and 56% were female; 22% had initiated sex. A larger proportion of RCL versus control participants had condom use intention post intervention (relative risk [RR] = 1.39, p = .008), especially younger (ages 13-15; RR = 1.42, p = .007) and sexually inexperienced adolescents (RR = 1.44, p = .01); these differences attenuated at additional follow-up. Baseline predictors of condom use intention included being sexually experienced, having condom use self-efficacy, as well as response efficacy and severity (both theoretical constructs). Of these, the RCL intervention significantly impacted condom use self-efficacy and response efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrate RCL intervention efficacy impacting variables predictive of condom use intention at baseline, with greater differences among younger, sexually inexperienced adolescents. To sustain intervention impact, future RCL implementation should reinforce education and training in condom use self-efficacy and response efficacy and recruit younger, sexually inexperienced AI adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Tingey
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Rachel Chambers
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Summer Rosenstock
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Angelita Lee
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Whiteriver, Arizona
| | - Novalene Goklish
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Whiteriver, Arizona
| | - Francene Larzelere
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Whiteriver, Arizona
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46
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Azbel L, Polonsky M, Wegman M, Shumskaya N, Kurmanalieva A, Asanov A, Wickersham JA, Dvoriak S, Altice FL. Intersecting epidemics of HIV, HCV, and syphilis among soon-to-be released prisoners in Kyrgyzstan: Implications for prevention and treatment. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2016; 37:9-20. [PMID: 27455177 PMCID: PMC5124506 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central Asia is afflicted with increasing HIV incidence, low antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage and increasing AIDS mortality, driven primarily by people who inject drugs (PWID). Reliable data about HIV, other infectious diseases, and substance use disorders in prisoners in this region is lacking and could provide important insights into how to improve HIV prevention and treatment efforts in the region. METHODS A randomly sampled, nationwide biobehavioural health survey was conducted in 8 prisons in Kyrgyzstan among all soon-to-be-released prisoners; women were oversampled. Consented participants underwent computer-assisted, standardized behavioural health assessment surveys and testing for HIV, HCV, HBV, and syphilis. Prevalence and means were computed, and generalized linear modelling was conducted, with all analyses using weights to account for disproportionate sampling by strata. RESULTS Among 381 prisoners who underwent consent procedures, 368 (96.6%) were enrolled in the study. Women were significantly older than men (40.6 vs. 36.5; p=0.004). Weighted prevalence (%), with confidence interval (CI), for each infection was high: HCV (49.7%; CI: 44.8-54.6%), syphilis (19.2%; CI: 15.1-23.5%), HIV (10.3%; CI: 6.9-13.8%), and HBV (6.2%; CI: 3.6-8.9%). Among the 31 people with HIV, 46.5% were aware of being HIV-infected. Men, compared to women, were significantly more likely to have injected drugs (38.3% vs.16.0%; p=0.001). Pre-incarceration and within-prison drug injection, primarily of opioids, was 35.4% and 30.8%, respectively. Independent correlates of HIV infection included lifetime drug injection (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=38.75; p=0.001), mean number of years injecting (AOR=0.93; p=0.018), mean number of days experiencing drug problems (AOR=1.09; p=0.025), increasing duration of imprisonment (AOR=1.08; p=0.02 for each year) and having syphilis (AOR=3.51; p=0.003), while being female (AOR=3.06; p=0.004) and being a recidivist offender (AOR=2.67; p=0.008) were independently correlated with syphilis infection. CONCLUSION Drug injection, syphilis co-infection, and exposure to increased risk during incarceration are likely to be important contributors to HIV transmission among prisoners in Kyrgyzstan. Compared to the community, HIV is concentrated 34-fold higher in prisoners. A high proportion of undiagnosed syphilis and HIV infections presents a significant gap in the HIV care continuum. Findings highlight the critical importance of evidence-based responses within prison, including enhanced testing for HIV and sexually transmitted infections, to stem the evolving HIV epidemic in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyuba Azbel
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maxim Polonsky
- Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Martin Wegman
- University of Florida, Departments of Epidemiology and of Health Outcomes and Policy, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Natalya Shumskaya
- AIDS Foundation East-West in the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | | | - Akylbek Asanov
- Department for Medical and Sanitary Services of the State Service on Penalty Execution, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Jeffrey A Wickersham
- Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, New Haven, CT, USA; Centre of Excellence of Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sergii Dvoriak
- Ukrainian Institute on Public Health Policy, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Frederick L Altice
- Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, New Haven, CT, USA; Centre of Excellence of Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Yale University School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, New Haven, CT, USA.
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47
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Seth P, Raiford J, DiClemente RJ. Factors Associated with HIV Testing among African American Female Adolescents in Juvenile Detention Centers. AIDS Behav 2016; 20:2010-3. [PMID: 26869185 PMCID: PMC11025296 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-016-1310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about sexual and psychosocial factors associated with HIV testing among detained African American female adolescents-an understudied group at risk for HIV. METHODS 188 detained African American female adolescents completed assessments on HIV testing, sexual risk behaviors, and psychosocial factors. RESULTS Unprotected vaginal sex, history of STI-positivity or pregnancy, higher STI knowledge, and lower partner availability were associated with a higher likelihood of ever being tested for HIV. DISCUSSION HIV testing is the gateway to important services for high-risk HIV-positive and HIV-negative adolescents. More research is needed to address barriers and to inform programmatic changes to increase testing among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Seth
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Program Evaluation Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE; MS E-59, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
| | - Jerris Raiford
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ralph J DiClemente
- Department of Behavioral Sciences & Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, Prevention Science Core, Atlanta, GA, USA
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48
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Herbst JH, Branscomb-Burgess O, Gelaude DJ, Seth P, Parker S, Fogel CI. Risk Profiles of Women Experiencing Initial and Repeat Incarcerations: Implications for Prevention Programs. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2016; 28:299-311. [PMID: 27427925 PMCID: PMC9982652 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2016.28.4.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Incarcerated women experience myriad individual, interpersonal, and structural factors leading to arrest and rearrest. This study examined risk profiles of women experiencing initial and repeat incarcerations. The sample included 521 women recruited from two prisons in North Carolina and enrolled in a HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention trial. Variables included socio-demographics, structural/economic factors, sexual and substance use behaviors, STDs, victimization history, and depressive symptoms. Bivariate and multivariable analyses identified risk differences. Compared to women incarcerated for the first time, women with repeat incarcerations reported significantly greater economic instability, substance use and sexual risk behaviors, laboratory-confirmed STDs, and victimization during childhood and adulthood. Multivariable logistic regression found women with repeat incarcerations experienced greater unstable housing, injection drug use, crack cocaine use, concurrent sex partners, and childhood sexual victimization. Findings can inform the development of prevention programs by addressing economic instability, sexual risk, and substance use among women prisoners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey H Herbst
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Deborah J Gelaude
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, CDC
| | - Puja Seth
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, CDC
| | - Sharon Parker
- Department of Social Work, North Carolina A&T State University
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Gray SC, Holmes K, Bradford DR. Factors Associated with Pregnancy among Incarcerated African American Adolescent Girls. J Urban Health 2016; 93:709-18. [PMID: 27271026 PMCID: PMC4987589 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-016-0061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the social and behavioral factors associated with pregnancy history among a sample of African American adolescent girls recruited from a short-term juvenile detention center in order to better understand the needs of this vulnerable population. Data were collected from a sample of 188 detained African American, 13-17-year-old girls in Atlanta, Georgia, who participated in a larger HIV prevention study. An audio computer-assisted self-interviewing survey was completed by participants to obtain information on socioecological factors to include individual, parental/familial, sexual risk, psychosocial, and substance use factors. Among the 188 participants, 25.5 % reported a history of pregnancy. A multivariable logistic regression model showed that girls with a history of pregnancy were more likely to live in a household receiving government aid, use hormonal contraceptives at last sex, participate in sex trading, have casual sex partners, have condomless sex in the past 90 days, and have a history of physical abuse. Girls with no history of pregnancy were more likely to have been incarcerated at least twice and to have previously used alcohol. Detention-based interventions and pregnancy prevention programs for this vulnerable population may benefit by addressing factors related to sexual behavior and development, substance use, individual background, and psychosocial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone C Gray
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Quantitative Sciences and Data Management Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Mailstop E-48, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA.
| | - Kristin Holmes
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Denise R Bradford
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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50
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Muessig KE, Rosen DL, Farel CE, White BL, Filene EJ, Wohl DA. "Inside These Fences Is Our Own Little World": Prison-Based HIV Testing and HIV-Related Stigma Among Incarcerated Men and Women. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2016; 28:103-116. [PMID: 27459162 PMCID: PMC4965171 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2016.28.2.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Correctional facilities offer opportunities to provide comprehensive HIV services including education, testing, treatment, and coordination of post- release care. However, these services may be undermined by unaddressed HIV stigma. As part of a prison-based HIV testing study, we interviewed 76 incarcerated men and women from the North Carolina State prison system. The sample was 72% men, median age 31.5 years (range: 19 to 60). Thematic analysis revealed high levels of HIV-related fear and stigma, homophobia, incomplete HIV transmission knowledge, beliefs that HIV is highly contagious within prisons ("HIV miasma"), and the View of HIV testing as protective. Interviewees described social distancing behaviors and coping mechanisms they perceived to be protective, including knowing their HIV status and avoiding contact with others and shared objects. Interviewees endorsed universal testing, public HIV status disclosure, and segregation of HIV-positive inmates. Intensified education and counseling efforts are needed to ameliorate entrenched HIV-transmission fears and stigmatizing beliefs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - David A Wohl
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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