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Yu L, Xu C, Zhang M, Zhou Y, Hu Z, Li L, Li Y, Tian J, Xu M. Top 100 cited research on COVID-19 vaccines: A bibliometric analysis and evidence mapping. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2370605. [PMID: 38977415 PMCID: PMC11232646 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2370605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of the COVID-19 has seriously affected the whole society, and vaccines were the most effective means to contain the epidemic. This paper aims to determine the top 100 articles cited most frequently in COVID-19 vaccines and to analyze the research status and hot spots in this field through bibliometrics, to provide a reference for future research. We conducted a comprehensive search of the Web of Science Core Collection database on November 29, 2023, and identified the top 100 articles by ranking them from highest to lowest citation frequency. In addition, we analyzed the year of publication, citation, author, country, institution, journal, and keywords with Microsoft Excel 2019 and VOSviewer 1.6.18. Research focused on vaccine immunogenicity and safety, vaccine hesitancy, and vaccination intention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Yu
- Child Rehabilitation Department, Gansu Rehabilitation Center Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Caihua Xu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yongjia Zhou
- School of Nursing, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhiruo Hu
- School of Nursing, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lin Li
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yiyi Li
- School of Nursing, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jinhui Tian
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Mingli Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu Health Vocational College, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Abera EG, Tukeni KN, Chala TK, Yilma D, Gudina EK. Clinical profiles and mortality predictors of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:908. [PMID: 39223493 PMCID: PMC11370003 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09836-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studying the characteristics of hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is vital for understanding the disease and preparing for future outbreaks. The aim of this study was to analyze and describe the clinical profiles and factors associated with mortality among COVID-19 patients admitted to Jimma Medical Center COVID-19 Treatment Center (JMC CTC) in Ethiopia. METHODS All confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to JMC CTC between 17 April 2020 and 05 March 2022 were included in this study. Socio-demographic data, clinical information, and outcome variables were collected retrospectively from medical records and COVID-19 database at the hospital. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were performed to determine factors associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality. A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 542 confirmed COVID-19 patients were admitted to JMC CTC, of which 322 (59.4%) were male. Their median age was 48 years (IQR 32-64). About 51% (n = 277) of them had severe COVID-19 upon admission. Patients with hypertension [AOR: 2.8 (95% CI: 1.02-7.7, p = 0.046)], diabetes [AOR: 8.8 (95% CI: 1.2-17.3, p = 0.039)], and underlying respiratory diseases [AOR: 18.8 (95% CI: 2.06-71.51, p = 0.009)] were more likely to present with severe COVID-19 cases. Overall, 129 (23.8%) died in the hospital. Death rate was higher among patients admitted with severe disease [AHR = 5.5 (3.07-9.9) p < 0.001)] and those with comorbidities such as hypertension [AHR = 3.5 (2.28-5.41), p < 0.001], underlying respiratory disease [AHR = 3.4 (1.97-5.94), p < 0.001], cardiovascular disease (CVDs) [AHR = 2.8 (1.73-4.55), p < 0.001], and kidney diseases [AHR = 3.7 (2.3-5.96), p < 0.001]. CONCLUSION About half of COVID-19 cases admitted to the hospital had severe disease upon admission. Comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, and respiratory diseases were linked to severe illness. COVID-19 admissions were associated with high inpatient mortality, particularly among those with severe disease and comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyob Girma Abera
- Department of Public Health, Jimma University, P.O.Box 378, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia.
- Clinical Trial Unit, Jimma University, Oromia, Ethiopia.
| | - Kedir Negesso Tukeni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
- Center Hospitalier Saint-Joseph Saint-Luc, Lyon, France
| | - Temesgen Kabeta Chala
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Yilma
- Clinical Trial Unit, Jimma University, Oromia, Ethiopia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Esayas Kebede Gudina
- Clinical Trial Unit, Jimma University, Oromia, Ethiopia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
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Meng L, Pan Y, Liu Y, He R, Sun Y, Wang C, Fei L, Zhu A, Wang Z, An Y, Wu Y, Diao B, Chen Y. Individuals carrying the HLA-B*15 allele exhibit favorable responses to COVID-19 vaccines but are more susceptible to Omicron BA.5.2 and XBB.1.16 infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1440819. [PMID: 39257586 PMCID: PMC11383769 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1440819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Natural infection or vaccination have provided robust immune defense against SARS-CoV-2 invasion, nevertheless, Omicron variants still successfully cause breakthrough infection, and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Methods Sequential blood samples were continuously collected at different time points from 252 volunteers who were received the CanSino Ad5-nCoV (n= 183) vaccine or the Sinovac CoronaVac inactivated vaccine (n= 69). The anti-SARS-CoV-2 prototype and Omicron BA.5.2 as well as XBB.1.16 variant neutralizing antibodies (Nab) in sera were detected by ELISA. Sera were also used to measure pseudo and live virus neutralization assay. The associations between the anti-prototype Nab levels and different HLA-ABC alleles were analyzed using artificial intelligence (AI)-deep learning techniques. The frequency of B cells in PBMCs was investigated by flow cytometry assay (FACs). Results Individuals carrying the HLA-B*15 allele manifested the highest concentrations of anti-SARS-CoV-2 prototype Nab after vax administration. Unfortunately, these volunteers are more susceptible to Omicron BA.5.2 breakthrough infection due to their sera have poorer anti-BA.5.2 Nab and lower levels of viral neutralization efficacy. FACs confirmed that a significant decrease in CD19+CD27+RBD+ memory B cells in these HLA-B*15 population compared to other cohorts. Importantly, generating lower concentrations of cross-reactive anti-XBB.1.16 Nab post-BA.5.2 infection caused HLA-B*15 individuals to be further infected by XBB.1.16 variant. Conclusions Individuals carrying the HLA-B*15 allele respond better to COVID-19 vax including the CanSino Ad5-nCoV and the Sinovac CoronaVac inactivated vaccines, but are more susceptible to Omicron variant infection, thus, a novel vaccine against this population is necessary for COVID-19 pandemic control in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxin Meng
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Pan
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yueping Liu
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory Center, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rui He
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenhui Wang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Fei
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Airu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfei An
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Diao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Center, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yongwen Chen
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Anastácio BM, Monteiro PB, Capelo MF. The impact of COVID-19 on male reproductive health: a Systematic Review. JBRA Assist Reprod 2024; 28:483-488. [PMID: 38712833 PMCID: PMC11349263 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20240028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic literature review aims to assess the impact of COVID-19 on male fertility. DATA SOURCES The study draws upon data extracted from PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS databases. STUDY SELECTION The review incorporates cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, and clinical trials, encompassing investigations related to the subject matter. The studies included were published between June 2020 and March 2023, and encompassed content in English, Portuguese, and Spanish. Exclusion criteria encompassed review articles, case reports, abstracts, studies involving animal models, duplicate articles, and letters to the editor. DATA COLLECTION Data extracted included the author's name and publication year, the number of patients studied, patient age, the presence of COVID-19 in semen, observed hormonal changes, and alterations in seminal quality. CONCLUSIONS While hormonal changes and a decline in seminal quality were observed in COVID-19 patients, the virus itself was not detected in semen in the analyzed articles, which contradicts certain findings in the existing literature. It is essential to note that methodologies in the studies were diverse, and, due to the novelty of this infection, it is premature to definitively ascertain its long-term effects on male fertility or whether fertility can recover after a period of convalescence. This underscores the necessity for further research, utilizing more robust methodologies such as cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Bruno Monteiro
- Christus University Center (UNICHRISTUS), Biomedicine Department.
Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Fernandez SA, Pelaez-Prestel HF, Ras-Carmona A, Mozas-Gutierrez J, Reyes-Manzanas R, Reche PA. Eucalyptus Essential Oil Inhibits Cell Infection by SARS-CoV-2 Spike Pseudotyped Lentivirus. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1885. [PMID: 39200349 PMCID: PMC11351113 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains a public health concern due to infections with new SARS-CoV-2 variants. Therefore, finding effective preventive and therapeutic treatments against all SARS-CoV-2 variants is of great interest. In this study, we examined the capacity of eucalyptus essential oil (EEO) and eucalyptol (EOL) to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, using as a model SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped lentivirus (SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus) and 293T cells transfected with human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2-293T cells). First, we determined the cytotoxicity of EEO and EOL using the MTT colorimetric assay, selecting non-cytotoxic concentrations ≤ 0.1% (v/v) for further analysis. Subsequently, we evaluated the capacity of EEO and EOL in cell cultures to preclude infection of hACE2-293T cells by SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus, using a luciferase-based assay. We found that EEO and EOL significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection, obtaining IC50 values of 0.00895% and 0.0042% (v/v), respectively. Likewise, EEO and EOL also reduced infection by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudovirus, although higher concentrations were required. Hence, EEO and EOL may be able to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection, at least partially, through a Spike-independent pathway, supporting the implementation of aromatherapy with these agents as a cost-effective antiviral measure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Raquel Reyes-Manzanas
- Department of Immunology & O2, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Pza Ramon y Cajal, S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.F.); (H.F.P.-P.); (A.R.-C.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Pedro A. Reche
- Department of Immunology & O2, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Pza Ramon y Cajal, S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.F.); (H.F.P.-P.); (A.R.-C.); (J.M.-G.)
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Shempela DM, Muleya W, Mudenda S, Daka V, Sikalima J, Kamayani M, Sandala D, Chipango C, Muzala K, Musonda K, Chizimu JY, Mulenga C, Kapona O, Kwenda G, Kasanga M, Njuguna M, Cham F, Simwaka B, Morrison L, Muma JB, Saasa N, Sichinga K, Simulundu E, Chilengi R. Wastewater Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Zambia: An Early Warning Tool. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8839. [PMID: 39201525 PMCID: PMC11354861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Wastewater-based surveillance has emerged as an important method for monitoring the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater in Zambia. We conducted a longitudinal study in the Copperbelt and Eastern provinces of Zambia from October 2023 to December 2023 during which 155 wastewater samples were collected. The samples were subjected to three different concentration methods, namely bag-mediated filtration, skimmed milk flocculation, and polythene glycol-based concentration assays. Molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid was conducted using real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Whole genome sequencing was conducted using Illumina COVIDSEQ assay. Of the 155 wastewater samples, 62 (40%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Of these, 13 sequences of sufficient length to determine SARS-CoV-2 lineages were obtained and 2 sequences were phylogenetically analyzed. Various Omicron subvariants were detected in wastewater including BA.5, XBB.1.45, BA.2.86, and JN.1. Some of these subvariants have been detected in clinical cases in Zambia. Interestingly, phylogenetic analysis positioned a sequence from the Copperbelt Province in the B.1.1.529 clade, suggesting that earlier Omicron variants detected in late 2021 could still be circulating and may not have been wholly replaced by newer subvariants. This study stresses the need for integrating wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 into mainstream strategies for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 circulation in Zambia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Mainza Shempela
- Churches Health Association of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (J.S.); (M.K.); (D.S.); (C.C.); (K.S.)
| | - Walter Muleya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia;
| | - Steward Mudenda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia;
| | - Victor Daka
- Public Health Department, Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola 21692, Zambia;
| | - Jay Sikalima
- Churches Health Association of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (J.S.); (M.K.); (D.S.); (C.C.); (K.S.)
| | - Mapeesho Kamayani
- Churches Health Association of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (J.S.); (M.K.); (D.S.); (C.C.); (K.S.)
| | - Dickson Sandala
- Churches Health Association of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (J.S.); (M.K.); (D.S.); (C.C.); (K.S.)
| | - Chilufya Chipango
- Churches Health Association of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (J.S.); (M.K.); (D.S.); (C.C.); (K.S.)
| | - Kapina Muzala
- Zambia National Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (K.M.); (K.M.); (J.Y.C.); (C.M.); (O.K.); (R.C.)
| | - Kunda Musonda
- Zambia National Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (K.M.); (K.M.); (J.Y.C.); (C.M.); (O.K.); (R.C.)
| | - Joseph Yamweka Chizimu
- Zambia National Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (K.M.); (K.M.); (J.Y.C.); (C.M.); (O.K.); (R.C.)
| | - Chilufya Mulenga
- Zambia National Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (K.M.); (K.M.); (J.Y.C.); (C.M.); (O.K.); (R.C.)
| | - Otridah Kapona
- Zambia National Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (K.M.); (K.M.); (J.Y.C.); (C.M.); (O.K.); (R.C.)
| | - Geoffrey Kwenda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia;
| | - Maisa Kasanga
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Michael Njuguna
- Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM), 1201 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.N.); (F.C.); (B.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Fatim Cham
- Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM), 1201 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.N.); (F.C.); (B.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Bertha Simwaka
- Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM), 1201 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.N.); (F.C.); (B.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Linden Morrison
- Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM), 1201 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.N.); (F.C.); (B.S.); (L.M.)
| | - John Bwalya Muma
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (J.B.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Ngonda Saasa
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (J.B.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Karen Sichinga
- Churches Health Association of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (J.S.); (M.K.); (D.S.); (C.C.); (K.S.)
| | | | - Roma Chilengi
- Zambia National Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (K.M.); (K.M.); (J.Y.C.); (C.M.); (O.K.); (R.C.)
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Liu S, Chai X, Liu C, Bai J, Meng J, Tian H, Han X, Han G, Li Q, Xu X. Sensitivity analysis of RT-qPCR and RT-ddPCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection with mutations on N1 and E primer-probe region. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0429223. [PMID: 38916349 PMCID: PMC11302302 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04292-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an RNA virus that undergoes rapid mutation. Based on viral whole genome sequencing analysis in Hebei Province, China, we identified several essential single nucleotide variants (SNVs) on primer-probe regions accumulating within some Omicron variants' genomes. In this study, we focused on three SNVs, C28290T, T28297C, and C28311T emerging on 2019-nCoV-N1 (CDC-N1) primer-probe regions, recommended by CDC in 2020, and two SNVs, C26270T, A26275G emerging on E (Charité-E) primer-probe regions recommended by Charité, Germany. Our findings revealed that the presence of one or two SNVs in the primer or probe region affected the sensitivity of reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and droplet digital PCR to varying extents. This discovery underscores the importance of continuously monitoring the whole genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 variants, especially the primer-probe targeting regions, and correspondingly updating commercial test kits or recommended primer-probe sequence sets. IMPORTANCE The emergence of new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants has resulted in a growing number of mutations in its genome, presenting new challenges for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and droplet digital PCR (RT-ddPCR) methods. There is an urgent need to develop refined methods for modifying primers and probes to improve the detection of these emerging variants. In this study, our focus was on the SNVs that have emerged in the CDC-N1 and Charité-E primer-probe regions. Our research has confirmed that the presence of these SNVs in the primer or probe region can significantly affect the results of coronavirus disease 2019 tests. we have developed and validated a modified detection method that can provide higher sensitivity and specificity. This study emphasizes the importance of refining the primer-probe sets to ensure the diagnostic accuracy of RT-qPCR and RT-ddPCR detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyou Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoru Chai
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Shijiazhuang Qiaodong Sewage Treatment Plant, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiaxuan Bai
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Juntao Meng
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hong Tian
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xu Han
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guangyue Han
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qi Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiangdong Xu
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China
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8
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Rhodin MHJ, Reyes AC, Balakrishnan A, Bisht N, Kelly NM, Gibbons JS, Lloyd J, Vaine M, Cressey T, Crepeau M, Shen R, Manalo N, Castillo J, Levene RE, Leonard D, Zang T, Jiang L, Daniels K, Cox RM, Lieber CM, Wolf JD, Plemper RK, Leist SR, Scobey T, Baric RS, Wang G, Goodwin B, Or YS. The small molecule inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro EDP-235 prevents viral replication and transmission in vivo. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6503. [PMID: 39090095 PMCID: PMC11294338 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50931-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the deaths of millions of people and severe global economic impacts. Small molecule therapeutics have played an important role in the fight against SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, but their efficacy has been limited in scope and availability, with many people unable to access their benefits, and better options are needed. EDP-235 is specifically designed to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro, with potent nanomolar activity against all SARS-CoV-2 variants to date, as well as clinically relevant human and zoonotic coronaviruses. EDP-235 maintains potency against variants bearing mutations associated with nirmatrelvir resistance. Additionally, EDP-235 demonstrates a ≥ 500-fold selectivity index against multiple host proteases. In a male Syrian hamster model of COVID-19, EDP-235 suppresses SARS-CoV-2 replication and viral-induced hamster lung pathology. In a female ferret model, EDP-235 inhibits production of SARS-CoV-2 infectious virus and RNA at multiple anatomical sites. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 contact transmission does not occur when naïve ferrets are co-housed with infected, EDP-235-treated ferrets. Collectively, these results demonstrate that EDP-235 is a broad-spectrum coronavirus inhibitor with efficacy in animal models of primary infection and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nalini Bisht
- Enanta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Watertown, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruichao Shen
- Enanta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Watertown, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Tianzhu Zang
- Enanta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Watertown, MA, USA
| | - Lijuan Jiang
- Enanta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Watertown, MA, USA
| | | | - Robert M Cox
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carolin M Lieber
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Josef D Wolf
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard K Plemper
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah R Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Trevor Scobey
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Yat Sun Or
- Enanta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Watertown, MA, USA
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Uzuner U, Akkus E, Kocak A, Çelik Uzuner S. Exploring epigenetic drugs as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease: a docking and MD simulation study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:6892-6903. [PMID: 37458994 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2236714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused havoc around the globe since 2019 and is considered the largest global epidemic of the twentieth century. Although the first antiviral drug, Remdesivir, was initially introduced against COVID‑19, virtually no tangible therapeutic drugs exist to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection. FDA-approved Paxlovid (Nirmatrelvir supplemented by Ritonavir) was recently announced as a promising drug against the SARS-CoV-2 major protease (Mpro). Here we report for the first time the remarkable inhibitory potentials of lead epigenetic-targeting drugs (epi-drugs) against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Epi-drugs are promising compounds to be used in combination with cancer chemotherapeutics to regulate gene expression. The search for all known epi-drugs for the specific inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro was performed for the first time by consensus (three high-order program) molecular docking studies and end-state free energy calculations. Several epi-drugs were identified with highly comparable binding affinity to SARS-CoV-2 Mpro compared to Nirmatrelvir. In particular, potent histone methyltransferase inhibitor EPZ005687 and DNA methyltransferase inhibitor Guadecitabine were prominent as the most promising epi-drug inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Long Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations (200 ns each) and corresponding MM-GBSA calculations confirmed the stability of the EPZ005687-Mpro complex with MM-GBSA binding free energy (ΔGbind) -48.2 kcal/mol (EPZ005687) compared to Nirmatrelvir (-44.7 kcal/mol). Taken together, the antiviral activities of the highlighted epi-drugs are reported beyond widespread use in combination with anti-cancer agents. The current findings therefore highlight as yet unexplored antiviral potential of epi-drugs suitable for use in patients struggling with chronic immunosuppressive disorders.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Uzuner
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Innovation Hub, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ebru Akkus
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Abdulkadir Kocak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Selcen Çelik Uzuner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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Sun T, Li L, Mues KE, Georgieva MV, Kirk B, Mansi JA, Van de Velde N, Beck EC. Real-World Effectiveness of a Third Dose of mRNA-1273 Versus BNT162b2 on Inpatient and Medically Attended COVID-19 Among Immunocompromised US Adults. Infect Dis Ther 2024; 13:1771-1787. [PMID: 38916690 PMCID: PMC11266318 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-024-01005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent data have shown elevated infection rates in several subpopulations at risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19, including immunocompromised (IC) individuals. Previous research suggests that IC persons have reduced risks of hospitalization and medically attended COVID-19 with two doses of mRNA-1273 (SpikeVax; Moderna) compared to two doses of BNT162b2 (Comirnaty; Pfizer/BioNTech). The main objective of this retrospective cohort study was to compare real-world effectiveness of third doses of mRNA-1273 versus BNT162b2 at multiple time points on occurrence of COVID-19 hospitalization and medically attended COVID-19 among IC adults in the United States (US). METHODS This retrospective, observational comparative effectiveness study identified patients from the US HealthVerity database from December 11, 2020, through August 31, 2022. Medically attended SARS-CoV-2 infections and hospitalizations were assessed following a three-dose mRNA-1273 versus BNT162b2 regimen. Inverse probability weighting was applied to balance baseline confounders between vaccine groups. Relative risk (RR) and risk difference were calculated for subgroup and sensitivity analyses using a non-parametric method. RESULTS In propensity score-adjusted analyses, receiving mRNA-1273 vs. BNT162b2 as third dose was associated with 32.4% (relative risk 0.676; 95% confidence interval 0.506-0.887), 29.3% (0.707; 0.573-0.858), and 23.4% (0.766; 0.626-0.927) lower risk of COVID-19 hospitalization after 90, 180, and 270 days, respectively. Corresponding reductions in medically attended COVID-19 were 8.4% (0.916; 0.860-0.976), 6.4% (0.936; 0.895-0.978), and 2.4% (0.976; 0.935-1.017), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a third dose of mRNA-1273 is more effective than a third dose of BNT162b2 in preventing COVID-19 hospitalization and breakthrough medically attended COVID-19 among IC adults in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Sun
- Moderna, Inc., 325 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Linwei Li
- Moderna, Inc., 325 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | | | | | - James A Mansi
- Moderna, Inc., 325 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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11
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Balachandran H, Kroll K, Terry K, Manickam C, Jones R, Woolley G, Hayes T, Martinot AJ, Sharma A, Lewis M, Jost S, Reeves RK. NK cells modulate in vivo control of SARS-CoV-2 replication and suppression of lung damage. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012439. [PMID: 39133756 PMCID: PMC11341101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in virus control. However, it has remained largely unclear whether NK cell mobilization in SARS-CoV-2 infections is beneficial or pathologic. To address this deficit, we employed a validated experimental NK cell depletion non-human primate (NHP) model with SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant B.1.617.2 challenge. Viral loads (VL), NK cell numbers, activation, proliferation, and functional measures were evaluated in blood and tissues. In non-depleted (control) animals, infection rapidly induced NK cell expansion, activation, and increased tissue trafficking associated with VL. Strikingly, we report that experimental NK cell depletion leads to higher VL, longer duration of viral shedding, significantly increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lungs, and overt lung damage. Overall, we find the first significant and conclusive evidence for NK cell-mediated control of SARS-CoV-2 virus replication and disease pathology. These data indicate that adjunct therapies for infection could largely benefit from NK cell-targeted approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harikrishnan Balachandran
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kyle Kroll
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Karen Terry
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Cordelia Manickam
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Rhianna Jones
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Griffin Woolley
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Tammy Hayes
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Amanda J. Martinot
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ankur Sharma
- BIOQUAL, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mark Lewis
- BIOQUAL, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Jost
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - R. Keith Reeves
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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12
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Ouoba S, Sugiyama A, Ko K, Mirzaev UK, Abe K, E B, Phyo Z, Khalilov KK, Kurisu A, Akita T, Takahashi K, Sasaki H, Yamamoto T, Tanaka J. Development of a unit conversion tool for five quantitative anti-spike assays and agreement analysis of three qualitative anti-nucleocapsid assays for SARS-CoV-2. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29826. [PMID: 39056254 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Commercially available assays for measuring severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) anti-spike (S) or anti-nucleocapsid (N) antibodies differ in units, making results comparisons challenging. This study aimed to develop conversion equations between five quantitative anti-S antibody tests and to assess the agreement over time between three qualitative anti-N antibody tests. Blood samples from 24 216 vaccinated healthcare workers in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, were analyzed for anti-S antibodies using five quantitative tests (Abbott, Fujirebio, Ortho, Sysmex, Roche) and for anti-N antibodies using three qualitative tests (Abbott, Sysmex, Roche). Geometric mean regression was performed to establish equations for converting measured values between the five quantitative tests. Fleiss κ statistic was used to assess the agreement between the three qualitative tests. A strong correlation (Pearson's coefficient r > 0.9) was found for each pair of the five quantitative tests measuring anti-S antibodies, enabling the development of equations to convert values between each pair. Using these equations, which are based on the original output unit of each test, values obtained from one test can be transformed to be equivalent to the corresponding values in another test. For the three tests for anti-N antibodies, the agreement was substantial in the total sample (Fleiss' κ, 0.74) and moderate among those with self-reported past coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection (Fleiss' κ, 0.39). The agreement decreased with time after infection. Reduced agreement between anti-N antibodies tests over time suggests caution in comparing seroepidemiological studies of COVID-19 exposure based on anti-N antibodies measurement. The findings could help improve antibody measurement systems and inform public health decision-makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Ouoba
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro (URCN), Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé (IRSS), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Aya Sugiyama
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ko Ko
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ulugbek Khudayberdievich Mirzaev
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Hepatology, Scientific Research Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Kanon Abe
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Bunthen E
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- National Payment Certification Agency, Ministry of Economy and Finance, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Zayar Phyo
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kobiljon Khusniddin Khalilov
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akemi Kurisu
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akita
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takahashi
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sasaki
- Hiroshima City Medical Association Clinical Laboratory, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takumi Yamamoto
- Hiroshima City Medical Association Clinical Laboratory, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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13
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Bucher AM, Sieren MM, Meinel FG, Kloeckner R, Fink MA, Sähn MJ, Wienke A, Meyer HJ, Penzkofer T, Dietz J, Vogl TJ, Borggrefe J, Surov A. Prevalence and prognostic role of thoracic lymphadenopathy in Covid-19. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2024. [PMID: 39038457 DOI: 10.1055/a-2293-8132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The prevalent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread throughout the world and is considered a serious threat to global health. The prognostic role of thoracic lymphadenopathy in COVID-19 is unclear. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to analyze the prognostic role of thoracic lymphadenopathy for the prediction of 30-day mortality in patients with COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MEDLINE library, Cochrane, and SCOPUS databases were screened for associations between CT-defined features and mortality in COVID-19 patients up to June 2021. In total, 21 studies were included in the present analysis. The quality of the included studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3. Heterogeneity was calculated by means of the inconsistency index I2. DerSimonian and Laird random-effect models with inverse variance weights were performed without any further correction. RESULTS The included studies comprised 4621 patients. The prevalence of thoracic lymphadenopathy varied between 1 % and 73.4 %. The pooled prevalence was 16.7 %, 95 % CI = (15.6 %; 17.8 %). The hospital mortality was higher in patients with thoracic lymphadenopathy (34.7 %) than in patients without (20.0 %). The pooled odds ratio for the influence of thoracic lymphadenopathy on mortality was 2.13 (95 % CI = [1.80-2.52], p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The prevalence of thoracic lymphadenopathy in COVID-19 is 16.7 %. The presence of thoracic lymphadenopathy is associated with an approximately twofold increase in the risk for hospital mortality in COVID-19. KEY POINTS · The prevalence of lymphadenopathy in COVID-19 is 16.7 %.. · Patients with lymphadenopathy in COVID-19 have a higher risk of mortality during hospitalization.. · Lymphadenopathy nearly doubles mortality and plays an important prognostic role.. CITATION FORMAT · Bucher AM, Sieren M, Meinel F et al. Prevalence and prognostic role of thoracic lymphadenopathy in Covid-19. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2024; DOI: 10.1055/a-2293-8132.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Michael Bucher
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Malte M Sieren
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Felix G Meinel
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Roman Kloeckner
- Institute for Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Matthias A Fink
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Wienke
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometry and Informatics, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Hans-Jonas Meyer
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Penzkofer
- Department of Radiology, Charite University Hospital Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Dietz
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas J Vogl
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan Borggrefe
- University Institute of Radiology, Neuroradiology and Nuclear Medicine, Johannes Wesling Hospital Minden, Germany
| | - Alexey Surov
- University Institute of Radiology, Neuroradiology and Nuclear Medicine, Johannes Wesling Hospital Minden, Germany
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14
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Li Y, Li J, Dang Y, Chen Y, Tao C. Adverse Events of COVID-19 Vaccines in the United States: Temporal and Spatial Analysis. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e51007. [PMID: 39008362 PMCID: PMC11287098 DOI: 10.2196/51007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has had a profound impact worldwide, leading to widespread morbidity and mortality. Vaccination against COVID-19 is a critical tool in controlling the spread of the virus and reducing the severity of the disease. However, the rapid development and deployment of COVID-19 vaccines have raised concerns about potential adverse events following immunization (AEFIs). Understanding the temporal and spatial patterns of these AEFIs is crucial for an effective public health response and vaccine safety monitoring. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of AEFIs associated with COVID-19 vaccines in the United States reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), thereby providing insights into the patterns and distributions of the AEFIs, the safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines, and potential risk factors associated with the AEFIs. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of administration data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (n=663,822,575) and reports from the surveillance system VAERS (n=900,522) between 2020 and 2022. To gain a broader understanding of postvaccination AEFIs reported, we categorized them into system organ classes (SOCs) according to the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities. Additionally, we performed temporal analysis to examine the trends of AEFIs in all VAERS reports, those related to Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, and the top 10 AEFI trends in serious reports. We also compared the similarity of symptoms across various regions within the United States. RESULTS Our findings revealed that the most frequently reported symptoms following COVID-19 vaccination were headache (n=141,186, 15.68%), pyrexia (n=122,120, 13.56%), and fatigue (n=121,910, 13.54%). The most common symptom combination was chills and pyrexia (n=56,954, 6.32%). Initially, general disorders and administration site conditions (SOC 22) were the most prevalent class reported. Moderna exhibited a higher reporting rate of AEFIs compared to Pfizer-BioNTech. Over time, we observed a decreasing reporting rate of AEFIs associated with COVID-19 vaccines. In addition, the overall rates of AEFIs between the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines were comparable. In terms of spatial analysis, the middle and north regions of the United States displayed a higher reporting rate of AEFIs associated with COVID-19 vaccines, while the southeast and south-central regions showed notable similarity in symptoms reported. CONCLUSIONS This study provides valuable insights into the temporal and spatial patterns of AEFIs associated with COVID-19 vaccines in the United States. The findings underscore the critical need for increasing vaccination coverage, as well as ongoing surveillance and monitoring of AEFIs. Implementing targeted monitoring programs can facilitate the effective and efficient management of AEFIs, enhancing public confidence in future COVID-19 vaccine campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jianfu Li
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Yifang Dang
- McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Cui Tao
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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15
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Xi Y, Ma R, Li S, Liu G, Liu C. Functionally Designed Nanovaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and Its Variants. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:764. [PMID: 39066402 PMCID: PMC11281565 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, generated by SARS-CoV-2, has significantly affected healthcare systems worldwide. The epidemic has highlighted the urgent need for vaccine development. Besides the conventional vaccination models, which include live-attenuated, recombinant protein, and inactivated vaccines, nanovaccines present a distinct opportunity to progress vaccine research and offer convenient alternatives. This review highlights the many widely used nanoparticle vaccine vectors, outlines their benefits and drawbacks, and examines recent developments in nanoparticle vaccines to prevent SARS-CoV-2. It also offers a thorough overview of the many advantages of nanoparticle vaccines, including an enhanced host immune response, multivalent antigen delivery, and efficient drug delivery. The main objective is to provide a reference for the development of innovative antiviral vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Biology and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.X.); (R.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Rongrong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Biology and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.X.); (R.M.); (S.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;
| | - Shuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Biology and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.X.); (R.M.); (S.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Biology and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.X.); (R.M.); (S.L.)
- China Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
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16
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He Y, Yang T, Zhong G, Yu X, Zhao Z, Shi Y, Huang B. Performance evaluation of a newly developed 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection kit based on Ion Proton sequencing platform and its comparison with the MGI Tech (DNBSEQ-G99) platform. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 109:116323. [PMID: 38703530 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the performance of a newly developed 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection kit based on Ion Proton sequencing platform and make comparation with MGI Tech (DNBSEQ-G99) platform. METHODS References and clinical samples were used to evaluate the precision, agreement rate, limit of detection (LOD), anti-interference ability and analytical specificity. Twenty-seven clinical specimens were used to make comparison between two platforms. RESULTS The kit showed good intra-assay, inter-assay, inter-day precision between different operators and laboratories, fine agreement rate with references, a relatively low LOD of 1 × 103 copies/ml, anti-interference capability of 5 % whole blood and 1mg/ml mucin and no cross reaction with twenty-nine common clinical pathogens. Consistency of variant classification was observed between two platforms. The WGS from Ion Proton tended to have higher coverage and less missing data. CONCLUSIONS The newly developed kit has shown satisfactory performances and excellent consistency with DNBSEQ-G99, making it a good alternative choice clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Guosheng Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xuegao Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yaling Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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17
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Camacho Moll ME, Martínez AMS, Wu M, Floriano GN, Salazar JCR, Luna JEC, de León MB. Paxlovid™ reduces the incidence of pneumonia, hospitalization, and death in a cohort of COVID-19 patients from northeast Mexico. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:102444. [PMID: 38815534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information on Paxlovid™ effectiveness must be monitored and updated in real world scenarios. Our research question was what is the effectiveness of Paxlovid™ in adult patients with COVID-19? Therefore, we investigated the effectiveness of Paxlovid™ on reducing the incidence of pneumonia, hospitalization, and mortality in a cohort of COVID-19 positive adult patients from northeast Mexico. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of COVID-19 positive adult patients from Nuevo Leon, Mexico from December 2020 to May 2023 (after Omicron BA-5 circulation) was performed. Paxlovid™ use was authorized in September 2022. Therefore, we analyzed effectiveness in patients with confirmed diagnosis who met selection criteria between September 2022 and May 2023 (n = 20,799; 5,673 with and 15,126 without Paxlovid™). RESULTS The pneumonia (0.1% vs. 0.4%, p < 0.0001), hospitalization (0.1% vs. 1.2%, p < 0.0001), and death rates (0.04% vs. 0.2%, p < 0.0001) were lower in patients with Paxlovid™ treatment independently of age, sex, comorbidity, and COVID-19 and pneumococcal vaccination history. Effectiveness was 88.2%, 95.9% y 91.9% for pneumonia, hospitalization, and death, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Paxlovid™ reduces the presentation of pneumonia, hospitalization, and death secondary to COVID-19. It is recommended to continue monitoring Paxlovid™ effectiveness, as other SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Camacho Moll
- Department of Molecular Biology, Northeast Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security. Monterrey, Mexico; Health Sciences Division, Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medicine, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico.
| | - Ana Maria Salinas Martínez
- School of Public Health and Nutrition, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
| | - Minna Wu
- Family Medicine Unit No. 64, Mexican Institute of Social Security. Santa Catarina, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | - Gloria Navarrete Floriano
- Family Medicine Unit No. 64, Mexican Institute of Social Security. Santa Catarina, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Romo Salazar
- Family Medicine Unit No. 64, Mexican Institute of Social Security. Santa Catarina, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | - Jorge Eleazar Cruz Luna
- Medical Epidemiological Assistance Coordination of the State of Nuevo León, Mexican Social Security Institute, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Mario Bermúdez de León
- Department of Molecular Biology, Northeast Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security. Monterrey, Mexico
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18
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Mirska B, Zenczak M, Nowis K, Stolarek I, Podkowiński J, Rakoczy M, Marcinkowska-Swojak M, Koralewska N, Zmora P, Lenartowicz Onyekaa E, Osuch M, Łasińska K, Kuczma-Napierała J, Jaworska M, Madej Ł, Ciechomska M, Jamsheer A, Kurowski K, Figlerowicz M, Handschuh L. The landscape of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland emerging from epidemiological and genomic data. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14416. [PMID: 38909091 PMCID: PMC11193717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected all aspects of our lives. Through real-time monitoring and rapid vaccine implementation, we succeeded in suppressing the spread of the disease and mitigating its consequences. Finally, conclusions can be summarized and drawn. Here, we use the example of Poland, which was seriously affected by the pandemic. Compared to other countries, Poland has not achieved impressive results in either testing or vaccination, which may explain its high mortality (case fatality rate, CFR 1.94%). Through retrospective analysis of data collected by the COVID-19 Data Portal Poland, we found significant regional differences in the number of tests performed, number of cases detected, number of COVID-19-related deaths, and vaccination rates. The Masovian, Greater Poland, and Pomeranian voivodeships, the country's leaders in vaccination, reported high case numbers but low death rates. In contrast, the voivodeships in the eastern and southern parts of Poland (Subcarpathian, Podlaskie, Lublin, Opole), which documented low vaccination levels and low case numbers, had higher COVID-19-related mortality rates. The strong negative correlation between the CFR and the percentage of the population that was vaccinated in Poland supports the validity of vaccination. To gain insight into virus evolution, we sequenced more than 500 genomes and analyzed nearly 80 thousand SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences deposited in GISAID by Polish diagnostic centers. We showed that the SARS-CoV-2 variant distribution over time in Poland reflected that in Europe. Haplotype network analysis allowed us to follow the virus transmission routes and identify potential superspreaders in each pandemic wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mirska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michal Zenczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nowis
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Stolarek
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jan Podkowiński
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rakoczy
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Natalia Koralewska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Zmora
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Marcin Osuch
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Łukasz Madej
- Regional Science and Technology Center, Podzamcze, Poland
| | - Marzena Ciechomska
- National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksander Jamsheer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Centers for Medical Genetics GENESIS, Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kurowski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Figlerowicz
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Luiza Handschuh
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
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19
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Wei C, Lei X, Yu S. Multiplexed Detection Strategies for Biosensors Based on the CRISPR-Cas System. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:1633-1646. [PMID: 38860462 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
A growing number of applications require simultaneous detection of multiplexed nucleic acid targets in a single reaction, which enables higher information density in combination with reduced assay time and cost. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and the CRISPR-Cas system have broad applications for the detection of nucleic acids due to their strong specificity, high sensitivity, and excellent programmability. However, realizing multiplexed detection is still challenging for the CRISPR-Cas system due to the nonspecific collateral cleavage activity, limited signal reporting strategies, and possible cross-reactions. In this review, we summarize the principles, strategies, and features of multiplexed detection based on the CRISPR-Cas system and further discuss the challenges and perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wei
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xueying Lei
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Songcheng Yu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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20
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Zhang Z, Zhou J, Peng X, Li P, Meng X, Hu M, Zhao M, Lin Q, Ru K. Completion rates and myelosuppression degrees of cancer patients receiving radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy unchanged regardless of delay duration after Omicron infection. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14226. [PMID: 38902401 PMCID: PMC11190149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65019-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate impacts of Omicron infection on cancer patients in China. A retrospective study was conducted, including 347 cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy between July 2022 and March 2023. Three groups involved: 108 patients without SARS-CoV-2 infection (non-COVID-19 group), 102 patients beginning treatment 10 days after first SARS-CoV-2 infection (≥ 10 days COVID-19 group), and 137 patients beginning treatment less than 10 days after first SARS-CoV-2 infection (< 10 days COVID-19 group). SAA, hsCRP, ALT, etc., were used to assess COVID-19 infection. Serum levels of SAA, hsCRP and IL-6 were all raised in two COVID-19-infected groups (SAA < 0.01, hsCRP < 0.01, IL-6 < 0.05), but PCT, ALT, LDH and HBDH levels were only elevated in ≥ 10 days COVID-19 group (PCT = 0.0478, ALT = 0.0022, LDH = 0.0313, HBDH = 0.0077). Moreover, moderate and severe infected cases were higher in ≥ 10 days COVID-19 group than < 10 days COVID-19 group (12/102 vs 5/137, p = 0.0211), but no significance in myelosuppression and completion rates among three groups. Omicron infection led to inflammation, liver and cardiovascular injury on cancer patients, but delay duration of radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy after infection did not affect the completion rates and myelosuppression of current therapy. Besides, severity of Omicron infection was even worse among cancer patients who received delayed treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Xun Peng
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Xue Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Man Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Miaoqing Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Qinghai Lin
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China.
| | - Kun Ru
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China.
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21
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Dinh Thiem V, Van Anh PT, Van Men C, Hung DT, Pollard AJ, Kamitani A, Tada Y, Fukuyama H, Iwasaki Y, Ariyasu M, Sonoyama T. A SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein vaccine (S-268019-b) for COVID-19 prevention during the Omicron-dominant period: A phase 3, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Vaccine 2024; 42:3699-3709. [PMID: 38734495 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Clinical trials of new vaccines based on existing variants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are often impacted by the emergence of new virus variants. We evaluated the efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of S-268019-b, a recombinant spike protein subunit vaccine based on the ancestral strain, for preventing symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the Omicron (BA.2)-dominant period in Vietnam. In this multicentre, phase 3, randomised (2:1), observer-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, participants received 2 intramuscular doses (28 days apart) of either 10 µg of S-268019-b (Recombinant S-protein vaccine) or placebo. The primary endpoint was incidence of laboratory-confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 before crossover, with onset within 14 days following the second dose, in participants who were seronegative and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-negative at baseline. The secondary endpoints included immunogenicity and safety. In total, 8,594 participants were randomised (S-268019-b [n = 5,727]; placebo [n = 2,867]). Vaccine efficacy versus placebo was 39·1 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]:26·6-49·5; one-sided P = 0·0723). The incidence rate (95 % CI) of symptomatic COVID-19 was 776·41/1,000 person-years (682·04-880·19) in the S-268019-b group and 1272·87/1,000 person-years (1101·32-1463·57) in the placebo group. The geometric mean titres (95 % CI) of the SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibody increased on Day 57 versus baseline with S-268019-b (34·66 [27·04-44·41] versus 2·50 (non-estimable) but not with placebo. There were no safety concerns regarding S-268019-b. S-268019-b did not demonstrate the targeted efficacy threshold against symptomatic COVID-19; however, findings were comparable with other prophylactic vaccines based on ancestor strain during the Omicron-dominant period. S-268019-b demonstrated immunogenicity and was well-tolerated. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05212948.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
- COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19/immunology
- Male
- Female
- Adult
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/adverse effects
- Vietnam
- Young Adult
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Cross-Over Studies
- Adolescent
- Vaccine Efficacy
- Aged
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Dinh Thiem
- Centre for Clinical Trials, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Chu Van Men
- Viet Nam Military Medical University, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Do Thai Hung
- Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Viet Nam
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
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22
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Bassit L, Bowers HB, Greenleaf M, Sabino C, Lai E, Yu G, Piantadosi A, Wang E, O'Sick W, McLendon K, Sullivan JA, Schinazi RF, Damhorst GL, Lam W, Rao A. Protocol for the creation and characterization of SARS-CoV-2 variant testing panels using remnant clinical samples for diagnostic assay testing. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:103146. [PMID: 38905104 PMCID: PMC11246040 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Alpha variant in 2020 demonstrated the need for reanalysis of diagnostic tests to ensure detection of emerging variants. Here, we present a protocol for creating and characterizing SARS-CoV-2 variant testing panels using remnant clinical samples for diagnostic assay testing. We describe steps for characterizing SARS-CoV-2 remnant clinical samples and preparing them into pools and their use in preparing varying quantities of virus. We then detail procedures for verifying variant detection using the resulting sample panel. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Rao et al.1,2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leda Bassit
- The Atlanta Center for Microsystems-Engineered Point-of-Care Technologies, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Heather B Bowers
- The Atlanta Center for Microsystems-Engineered Point-of-Care Technologies, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Morgan Greenleaf
- The Atlanta Center for Microsystems-Engineered Point-of-Care Technologies, Atlanta, GA, USA; Georgia CTSA, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Courtney Sabino
- The Atlanta Center for Microsystems-Engineered Point-of-Care Technologies, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eric Lai
- Personalized Science, San Diego, CA 05403, USA
| | - Grace Yu
- VentureWell, 100 Venture Way, Hadley, MA 01035, USA
| | - Anne Piantadosi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ethan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - William O'Sick
- The Atlanta Center for Microsystems-Engineered Point-of-Care Technologies, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory/Children's Laboratory for Innovative Assay Development, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kaleb McLendon
- The Atlanta Center for Microsystems-Engineered Point-of-Care Technologies, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory/Children's Laboratory for Innovative Assay Development, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julie A Sullivan
- The Atlanta Center for Microsystems-Engineered Point-of-Care Technologies, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Raymond F Schinazi
- Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gregory L Damhorst
- The Atlanta Center for Microsystems-Engineered Point-of-Care Technologies, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wilbur Lam
- The Atlanta Center for Microsystems-Engineered Point-of-Care Technologies, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anuradha Rao
- The Atlanta Center for Microsystems-Engineered Point-of-Care Technologies, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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23
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Kapten K, Orczyk K, Smolewska E. Application of Interferon-γ Release Assay in the Assessment of T-Cell Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 Antigens in the Cohort of Pediatric Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:736. [PMID: 38929315 PMCID: PMC11201484 DOI: 10.3390/children11060736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Background: an accurate assessment of the immunity against SARS-CoV-2 can facilitate a better understanding and management of not only the recent coronavirus but similar pathogens as well. Objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate T-cell immunity with reference to antibody titers in a group of pediatric patients with autoimmune arthritides utilizing the widely known Interferon-γ Release Assay (IGRA). Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the cohort of 55 children suffering from Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). This research analyzed the SARS-CoV-2 T-cell response measured by a specific quantitative IGRA, followed by a serological ELISA test measuring the presence and quantity of IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies in serum. Results: The cellular response to SARS-CoV-2 measured by the IGRA test significantly correlated with the antibody titers, IgA (p < 0.00003, R = 0.537), IgG (p < 0.0001, R = 0.668), and IgG nucleocapsid protein (NCP) (p < 0.003, R = 0.0399), with no correlation with IgM levels. The antibody levels in patients receiving biological agents were significantly lower compared to the rest of the cohort (p = 0.0369), while traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs had no such effect. Limitations: the main limitation of the research is the small sample size, mostly due to the specific cohort of patients and the lack of a healthy control. Conclusions: IGRA appears to be a viable tool in the accurate evaluation of T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2, and serodiagnostics alone is not always sufficient in the assessment of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kapten
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-738 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Orczyk
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 91-347 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Elzbieta Smolewska
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-738 Lodz, Poland;
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24
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Heydari R, Tavassolifar MJ, Fayazzadeh S, Sadatpour O, Meyfour A. Long non-coding RNAs in biomarking COVID-19: a machine learning-based approach. Virol J 2024; 21:134. [PMID: 38849961 PMCID: PMC11161961 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus pandemic that started in 2019 has caused the highest mortality and morbidity rates worldwide. Data on the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is scarce. We aimed to elucidate the relationship of three important lncRNAs in the inflammatory states, H19, taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1), and colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE) with key factors in inflammation and fibrosis induction including signal transducer and activator of transcription3 (STAT3), alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in COVID-19 patients with moderate to severe symptoms. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 28 COVID-19 patients and 17 healthy controls were collected. The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to evaluate the expression of RNAs and lncRNAs. Western blotting analysis was also performed to determine the expression levels of STAT3 and α-SMA proteins. Machine learning and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were carried out to evaluate the distinguishing ability of lncRNAs. RESULTS The expression levels of H19, TUG1, and CRNDE were significantly overexpressed in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls. Moreover, STAT3 and α-SMA expression levels were remarkedly increased at both transcript and protein levels in patients with COVID-19 compared to healthy subjects and were correlated with Three lncRNAs. Likewise, IL-6 and TNF-α were considerably upregulated in COVID-19 patients. Machine learning and ROC curve analysis showed that CRNDE-H19 panel has the proper ability to distinguish COVID-19 patients from healthy individuals (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.86). CONCLUSION The overexpression of three lncRNAs in COVID-19 patients observed in this study may align with significant manifestations of COVID-19. Furthermore, their co-expression with STAT3 and α-SMA, two critical factors implicated in inflammation and fibrosis induction, underscores their potential involvement in exacerbating cardiovascular, pulmonary and common symptoms and complications associated with COVID-19. The combination of CRNDE and H19 lncRNAs seems to be an impressive host-based biomarker panel for screening and diagnosis of COVID-19 patients from healthy controls. Research into lncRNAs can provide a robust platform to find new viral infection-related mediators and propose novel therapeutic strategies for viral infections and immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Heydari
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Tavassolifar
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Fayazzadeh
- Bioinformatics and Computational Omics Lab (BioCOOL), Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Sadatpour
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anna Meyfour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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25
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Trinh DTT, Tran AH, Bui MMP, Kieu TX, Nguyen VD, Thuy NHL, Thai KM, Vuong NL. Efficacy of Shen Cao Gan Jiang Tang on Non-severe COVID-19 Patients: A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label Clinical Trial. Cureus 2024; 16:e62380. [PMID: 39006557 PMCID: PMC11246756 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In the face of the escalating COVID-19 pandemic amid shortages of medications and vaccines, a Vietnamese herbal formula known as Shen Cao Gan Jiang Tang (SCGJT) has been put into use for non-severe COVID-19 patients. This study aims to assess its efficacy and safety. Methods A multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial was conducted on 300 patients with non-severe COVID-19, randomly assigned into two groups: 150 receiving standard care (control group) and 150 receiving additional SCGJT for 10 days (SCGJT group). Time to resolution of symptoms, symptom severity, disease progression, time to discharge, the National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) score, usage of Western drugs, time to viral clearance, and safety outcomes were continuously monitored. Results The SCGJT group exhibited faster symptom resolution (median: 9 vs. 13 days) and improved symptom severity, including cough, fatigue, hypogeusia, muscle aches, nasal congestion, runny nose, and sore throat, compared to the control group. Although there was a lower rate of severe progression in the SCGJT group (0.7% vs. 4.7%), the difference was not statistically significant. The time to discharge was significantly shorter in the SCGJT group (median: 7 vs. 8 days). Changes in the NEWS2 score did not show significant differences between groups. SCGJT has been demonstrated to reduce the need for symptomatic relief medications and hasten SARS-CoV-2 viral clearance. No adverse events were reported, and routine tests showed no significant differences. Conclusions SCGJT is safe and has potential clinical efficacy in non-severe COVID-19 patients. However, data regarding preventing severe progression remains inconclusive. Further studies should be conducted in light of the current state of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - An Hoa Tran
- Faculty of Traditional Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, VNM
- University Medical Center at Ho Chi Minh City, Branch 3, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, VNM
| | - Minh-Man Pham Bui
- Faculty of Traditional Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, VNM
- University Medical Center at Ho Chi Minh City, Branch 3, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, VNM
| | - Thy Xuan Kieu
- Faculty of Traditional Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, VNM
- University Medical Center at Ho Chi Minh City, Branch 3, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, VNM
| | - Van-Dan Nguyen
- Faculty of Traditional Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, VNM
| | - Nguyen Huu Lac Thuy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, VNM
| | - Khac-Minh Thai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, VNM
| | - Nguyen Lam Vuong
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, VNM
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de Assis AFVF, de Oliveira Santos L, Botelho MA, Nascimento E, Fabreti-Oliveira RA. Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on clinical outcomes in kidney transplant patients. Transpl Immunol 2024; 84:102019. [PMID: 38447737 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2024.102019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The global health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in severe mortality and morbidity. Immunosuppressed patients, such as kidney transplant recipients, are particularly susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. OBJECTIVE The aim of this cohort study was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on clinical outcomes in patients with kidney transplants. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective study, 254 patients with kidney transplants were vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 and a fraction of these contracted COVID-19. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was carried out by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction testing, and the patients received treatment involving immunosuppressive and COVID-19-specific protocols. RESULTS SARS-CoV-2 infection was diagnosed in 38 (14.96%) patients before the COVID-19 vaccine was administered. After vaccination, an additional 29 (11.42%) patients were diagnosed with COVID-19. Risk factors for hospitalization included age, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, and time elapsed since renal transplantation (p = 0.025, 0.038, 0.012, and 0.046, respectively). COVID-19 vaccination resulted in a significant decrease in the rate of hospital-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection from 63.16% to 34.48% (p = 0.020). The proportion of patients from this cohort placed in intensive care units decreased from 23.68% to zero. Allograft rejections exhibited a decreasing trend from 13.16% to 6.90% (p = 0.690). This patient cohort displayed 15.79% mortality prior to COVID-19 vaccination that was reduced to nil after immunization. CONCLUSION COVID-19 vaccination significantly reduced COVID-19 severity and mortality in this cohort of patients with kidney transplants. The risk factors for hospitalization were determined to be age, BMI, comorbidities, and time since renal transplantation. COVID-19 vaccination resulted in a clinical outcome of reduced hospitalization and a decrease in clinical complications. The COVID-19 vaccination-derived adverse effects in this cohort were found to be comparable to those in the immunocompetent population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Evaldo Nascimento
- IMUNOLAB - Laboratory of Histocompatibility, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Faculty of Health of the Hospital Santa Casa, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Raquel A Fabreti-Oliveira
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; IMUNOLAB - Laboratory of Histocompatibility, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Li P, Huang L, Han R, Tang M, Fei G, Zeng D, Wang R. Safety and efficacy of Paxlovid in the treatment of adults with mild to moderate COVID-19 during the omicron epidemic: a multicentre study from China. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2024; 22:469-477. [PMID: 38300126 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2024.2309998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since December 2022, the Omicron variant has led to a widespread pandemic in China. The study was to explore the safety and effectiveness of Paxlovid for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We included patients at risk of developing severe COVID-19, all of whom exhibited mild to moderate symptoms and were admitted to three hospital centers. Patients were divided into two groups: one received Paxlovid alongside standard care, while the other was given only standard care. We compared clinical characteristics, hospital stay duration, and clinical outcomes between two groups. Multi-factor analysis determined the independent risk factors influencing the duration of hospitalization and disease progression. RESULTS In the study, those treated with Paxlovid shorter hospital stays than those in the control group (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that the absence of Paxlovid treatment was a distinct risk factor for hospitalizations lasting over 7 days (OR: 4.983, 95% CI: 3.828-6.486, p < 0.001) and 14 days (OR: 2.940, 95% CI: 2.402-3.597, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Amid the Omicron outbreak, Paxlovid has proven to be a safe and effective treatment for reducing hospitalization durations for patients with mild to moderate COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Hefei Second People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guanghe Fei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Daxiong Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Meng R, Zhong X, Gong Y, Shi Y, Li J, Wu Z, Duan Q, Zhang X, Mei Y, Zhu J, Peng Z, Li Y, Song D. Discovery and development of novel 10,12-disubstituted aloperine derivatives against HCoV-OC43 by targeting allosteric site of host TMPRSS2. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107317. [PMID: 38583252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
By inducing steric activation of the 10CH bond with a 12-acyl group to form a key imine oxime intermediate, 20 novel (10S)-10,12-disubstituted aloperine derivatives were successfully synthesized and assessed for their antiviral efficacy against HCoV-OC43. Of them, compound 3i exhibited the moderate activities against HCoV-OC43, as well as against the SARS-CoV-2 variant EG.5.1 with the comparable EC50 values of 4.7 and 4.1 μM. A mechanism study revealed that it inhibited the protease activity of host TMPRSS2 by binding to an allosteric site, rather than the known catalytic center, different from that of camostat. Also, the combination of compound 3i and molnupiravir, as an RdRp inhibitor, showed an additive antiviral effect against HCoV-OC43. The results provide a new binding mode and lead compound for targeting TMPRSS2, with an advantage in combating broad-spectrum coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiuli Zhong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yue Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yulong Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhiyun Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qionglu Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuheng Mei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jingyang Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zonggen Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yinghong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Danqing Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China.
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Hernández-Hernández JG, Quintanilla-Flores DL, González-Galván CR, Nuzzolo-Shihadeh L, Camacho-Ortiz A, Salinas-Martínez R, Morales-Delgado R. Impact of influenza vaccination history in the clinical course of older adults hospitalized with COVID-19. Med Clin (Barc) 2024; 162:477-482. [PMID: 38342706 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2023.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Some studies have shown that influenza vaccination is associated with a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection; in patients with COVID-19 infection, admission to intensive care is reduced, with less need for mechanical ventilation, shorter hospital stays, and reduced mortality. This study aimed to determine if a history of annual influenza vaccination impacts the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection during hospitalization. METHODS This was an observational, prospective, cohort study of patients older than 65 admitted to the COVID-19 unit from January to June 2021. The history of influenza vaccination over the last 5 years was assessed in each patient during hospitalization. We measured the length of hospital stay, the need for admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), the patient's oxygen requirements, complications during hospitalization, and outcome (medical discharge or death). Patients with a history of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 were not included. RESULTS We analyzed 125 patients, 50.4% (n=63) with history of influenza vaccination and 49.6% (n=62) without a history of influenza vaccination. In-hospital mortality was 44.8%, higher in the unvaccinated (54.8%) population (p=0.008). ICU admission was 27% higher in vaccinated (35%) patients (p=0.05). Patients without a history of influenza vaccination had a higher prevalence of cardiac (8% vs. 5%, p=0.04) and renal complications (29% vs. 13%, p=0.02). Patients with a history of vaccination had a greater need for invasive mechanical ventilation (25.4%, p=0.02). CONCLUSION In this study, a history of influenza vaccination in older adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection was related to lower in-hospital mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- José G Hernández-Hernández
- Servicio de Geriatría Clínica, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Dania L Quintanilla-Flores
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Hospital de Especialidades UMAE 25 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Célica R González-Galván
- Servicio de Geriatría Clínica, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Laura Nuzzolo-Shihadeh
- Servicio de Infectología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Adrián Camacho-Ortiz
- Servicio de Infectología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Salinas-Martínez
- Servicio de Geriatría Clínica, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Rocío Morales-Delgado
- Servicio de Geriatría Clínica, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
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Saleki K, Aram C, Alijanizadeh P, Khanmirzaei MH, Vaziri Z, Ramzankhah M, Azadmehr A. Matrix metalloproteinase/Fas ligand (MMP/FasL) interaction dynamics in COVID-19: An in silico study and neuroimmune perspective. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30898. [PMID: 38803919 PMCID: PMC11128882 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The initiator of cytokine storm in Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is still unknown. We recently suggested a complex interaction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), Fas ligand (FasL), and viral entry factors could be responsible for the cytokine outrage In COVID-19. We explored the molecular dynamics of FasL/MMP7-9 in COVID-19 conditions in silico and provide neuroimmune insights for future. Methods We enrolled and analyzed a clinical cohort of COVID-19 patients, and recorded their blood Na + levels and temperature at admission. A blood-like molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) box was then built. Four conditions were studied; MMP7/FasL (healthy), MMP7/FasL (COVID-19), MMP9-FasL (healthy), and MMP9/FasL (COVID-19). MDS was performed by GROningen MAchine for Chemical Simulation (GROMACS). We analyzed bonds, short-range energies, and free binding energies to draw conclusions on the interaction of MMP7/MMP9 and FasL to gain insights into COVID-19 immunopathology. Genevestigator was used study RNA-seq/microarray expression data of MMPs in the cells of immune and nervous systems. Finally, epitopes of MMP/FasL complexes were identified as drug targets by machine learning (ML) tools. Results MMP7-FasL (Healthy), MMP7-FasL (COVID-19), MMP9-FasL (Healthy), and MMP9-FasL (COVID-19) systems showed 0, 1, 4, and 2 salt bridges, indicating MMP9 had more salt bridges. Moreover, in both COVID-19 and normal conditions, the number of interacting residues and surface area was higher for MMP9 compared to MMP7 group. The COVID-19 MMP9-FasL group had more H-bonds compared to MMP7-FasL group (12 vs. 7). 15 epitopes for FasL-MMP9 and 10 epitopes for FasL-MMP7 were detected. Extended MD simulation for 100 ns confirmed stronger binding of MMP9 based on Molecular Mechanics Generalized Borne Surface analysis (MM-GBSA) and Coul and Leonard-Jones (LJ) short-range energies. Conclusions MMP9 interacts stronger than MMP7 with FasL, however, both molecules maintained strong interaction through the MDS. We suggested epitopes for MMP-FasL complexes as valuable therapeutic targets in COVID-19. These data could be utilized in future immune drug and protein design and repurposing efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiarash Saleki
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of e-Learning, Virtual School of Medical Education and Management, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences(SBMU), Tehran, Iran
- USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- National Elite Foundation, Mazandaran Province Branch, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Cena Aram
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parsa Alijanizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Khanmirzaei
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Vaziri
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramzankhah
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Abbas Azadmehr
- National Elite Foundation, Mazandaran Province Branch, Mazandaran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Hu M, Dong X, Shi Q, Sun Y. Identification of a broad-spectrum high-affinity peptide ligand for the purification of spike proteins. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1723:464912. [PMID: 38643740 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019, the global demand for vaccines has increased rapidly to prevent infection and protect high-risk populations. However, identifying viral mutations poses an additional challenge for chromatographic purification of vaccines and subunit vaccines. In this study, a new affinity peptide model, X1VX2GLNX3WX4RYSK, was established, and a library of 612 peptides was generated for ligand screening. Based on a multistep strategy of ligand screening, 18 candidate peptides were obtained. The top ranking peptide, LP14 (YVYGLNIWLRYSK), and two other representative peptides, LP02 and LP06, with lower rankings were compared via molecular dynamics simulation. The results revealed that peptide binding to the receptor binding domain (RBD) was driven by hydrophobic interactions and the key residues involved in the binding were identified. Surface plasmon resonance analysis further confirmed that LP14 had the highest affinity for the wild RBD (Kd=0.520 μmol/L), and viral mutation had little influence on the affinity of LP14, demonstrating its great potential as a broad-spectrum ligand for RBD purification. Finally, chromatographic performance of LP14-coupled gel-packed column verified that both wild and omicron RBDs could be purified and were eluted by 0.1 mol/L Gly-HCl buffer (pH 3.0). This research identified a broad-spectrum peptide for RBD purification based on rational design and demonstrated its potential application in the purification of RBDs from complex feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Hu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qinghong Shi
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Chen CY, Wang WJ, Wu CS, Wang SC, Chang WC, Hung MC. Tannic acids and proanthocyanidins in tea inhibit SARS-CoV-2 variants infection. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:2555-2569. [PMID: 38859869 PMCID: PMC11162682 DOI: 10.62347/qjbg3026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused hundreds million cases and millions death as well as continues to infect human life in the world since late of 2019. The breakthrough infection caused from mutation of SARS-CoV-2 is rising even the vaccinated population has been increasing. Currently, the severe threat posed by SARS-CoV-2 has been alleviated worldwide, and the situation has transitioned to coexisting with the virus. The dietary food with antiviral activities may improve to prevent virus infection for living with COVID-19 pandemic. Teas containing enriched phenolic ingredients such as tannins have been reported to be antitumor agents as well as be good inhibitors for coronavirus. This study developed a highly sensitive and selective ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometric method for quantification of tannic acids, a hydrolysable tannin, and proanthocyanidins, a condense tannin, in teas with different levels of fermentation. The in vitro pseudoviral particles (Vpp) infection assay was used to evaluate the inhibition activities of various teas. The results of current research demonstrate that the tannins in teas are effective inhibitors against infection of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yu Chen
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Wang
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Shiou Wu
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chun Wang
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia UniversityTaichung 413305, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chao Chang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
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Ji X, Liu N, Huang S, Zhang C. A Comprehensive Review of Licorice: The Preparation, Chemical Composition, Bioactivities and Its Applications. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2024; 52:667-716. [PMID: 38716617 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x24500289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza) is a medicinal and food homologue of perennial plants derived from the dried roots and rhizomes of the genus Glycyrrhiza in the legume family. In recent years, the comprehensive utilization of licorice resources has attracted people's attention. It is widely utilized to treat diseases, health food products, food production, and other industrial applications. Furthermore, numerous bioactive components of licorice are found using advanced extraction processes, which mainly include polyphenols (flavonoids, dihydrostilbenes, benzofurans, and coumarin), triterpenoids, polysaccharides, alkaloids, and volatile oils, all of which have been reported to possess a variety of pharmacological characteristics, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, neuroprotective, antidepressive, antidiabetic, antiparasitic, antisex hormone, skin effects, anticariogenic, antitussive, and expectorant activities. Thereby, all of these compounds promote the development of novel and more effective licorice-derived products. This paper reviews the progress of research on extraction techniques, chemical composition, bioactivities, and applications of licorice to provide a reference for further development and application of licorice in different areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ji
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, P. R. China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry, Emerging Disease Detection and Control, Luoyang 471023, P. R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, P. R. China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry, Emerging Disease Detection and Control, Luoyang 471023, P. R. China
| | - Shucheng Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, P. R. China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry, Emerging Disease Detection and Control, Luoyang 471023, P. R. China
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Vlastarakos PV, Delides A, Sideris G, Tsiodras S. Spot Diagnosis for Suspected COVID-19 Cases: Is there a Place for a Traditional Weapon in Modern Combat? Balkan Med J 2024; 41:228-229. [PMID: 38282274 PMCID: PMC11077929 DOI: 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2024.2023-11-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Petros V. Vlastarakos
- 2nd University ENT Department, University General Hospital Attikon, Chaidari, Greece
| | - Alexandros Delides
- 2nd University ENT Department, University General Hospital Attikon, Chaidari, Greece
| | - Giorgos Sideris
- 2nd University ENT Department, University General Hospital Attikon, Chaidari, Greece
| | - Sotirios Tsiodras
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital Attikon, Chaidari, Greece
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Cheyne I, Gopinath VS, Muppa N, Armas AE, Gil Agurto MS, Akula SA, Nagpal S, Yousaf MS, Haider A. The Neurological Implications of COVID-19: A Comprehensive Narrative Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e60376. [PMID: 38887342 PMCID: PMC11181960 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 revealed a huge number of problems as well as discoveries in medicine, notably, regarding the effects of the virus on the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). This paper is a narrative review that takes a deep dive into the complex interactions between COVID-19 and the NS. Therefore, this paper explains the broad range of neurological manifestations and neurodegenerative diseases caused by the virus. It carefully considers the routes through which SARS-CoV-2 reaches the NS, including the olfactory system and of course, the hematogenous route, which are also covered when discussing the virus's direct and indirect mechanisms of neuropathogenesis. Besides neurological pathologies such as stroke, encephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis, the focus area is also given to the challenges of making diagnosis, treatment, and management of these conditions during the pandemic. The review also examines the strategic and interventional approaches utilized to prevent these disorders, as well as the ACE2 receptors implicated in the mediation of neurological effects caused by COVID-19. This detailed overview, which combines research outputs with case data, is directed at tackling this pandemic challenge, with a view toward better patient care and outcomes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ithamar Cheyne
- Critical Care, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, POL
| | | | - Neeharika Muppa
- School of Medicine, St. George's University, St. George's, GRD
| | - Angel Emanuel Armas
- Internal Medicine, Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | - Sai Abhigna Akula
- Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, St. George's University, St. George's, GRD
| | - Shubhangi Nagpal
- Internal Medicine, Guru Gobind Singh Government Hospital, New Delhi, IND
| | | | - Ali Haider
- Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Gujrat Campus, Gujrat, PAK
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Xue L, Bu S, Xu M, Wei J, Zhou H, Xu Y, Hao Z, Li Z, Wan J. A sensitive fluorescence biosensor based on ligation-transcription and CRISPR/Cas13a-assisted cascade amplification strategies to detect the H1N1 virus. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3195-3203. [PMID: 38613682 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05269-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
We propose a sensitive H1N1 virus fluorescence biosensor based on ligation-transcription and CRISPR/Cas13a-assisted cascade amplification strategies. Products are generated via the hybridization of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) probes containing T7 promoter and crRNA templates to a target RNA sequence using SplintR ligase. This generates large crRNA quantities in the presence of T7 RNA polymerase. At such crRNA quantities, ternary Cas13a, crRNA, and activator complexes are successfully constructed and activate Cas13a to enhance fluorescence signal outputs. The biosensor sensitively and specifically monitored H1N1 viral RNA levels down to 3.23 pM and showed good linearity when H1N1 RNA concentrations were 100 pM-1 µM. Biosensor specificity was also excellent. Importantly, our biosensor may be used to detect other viral RNAs by altering the sequences of the two probe junctions, with potential applications for the clinical diagnosis of viruses and other biomedical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Xue
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Shengjun Bu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Mengyao Xu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jiaqi Wei
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Yao Xu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zhuo Hao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Zehong Li
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Jiayu Wan
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.
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Da Silva Pimenta J, Magalhães GLG, Soncini JGM, Licopan N, Vespero EC. Epidemiological and molecular study of Providencia rettgeri outbreak at a university hospital during the COVID-19 reference center. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00523-9. [PMID: 38691195 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00523-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
In 2014, Brazil detected New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-producing Enterobacterales from a Providencia rettgeri isolate obtained through surveillance swabs in the Southern region. Subsequently, various species have reported several NDM enzymes. However, comprehensive data on the current epidemiology of NDM-producing P. rettgeri in Brazil remains limited. This study, aimed to provide a detailed characterization of the phenotypic, genotypic, and epidemiological profile of clinical isolates of P. rettgeri NDM. From April 2020 to December 2022, 18 carbapenem-resistant P. rettgeri strains, previously identified using Vitek2®, were isolated at the University Hospital of Londrina. Resistance and virulence genes were assessed through genetic analysis using ERIC PCR and NextSeq (Illumina) sequencing. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 2.0. Genomic analysis confirmed the presence of β-lactamase blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-1. All isolates showed the presence of the NDM encoding gene and genetic similarity above 90% between isolates. Clinical parameters of patients infected with P. rettgeri exhibited significant association with mechanical ventilation, prior use of carbapenems, and polymyxins. We also report a significant association between P. rettgeri infection and death outcome. This study characterizes NDM-1 metallo-β-lactmases isolates, among P. rettgeri isolates from patients at the University Hospital (HU), during the COVID-19 pandemic. The emergence of this novel resistance mechanism among P. rettgeri poses a significant challenge, limiting the therapeutic options for infections in our hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Da Silva Pimenta
- Clinical and Laboratory Pathophysiology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | | | - Joao Gabriel Material Soncini
- Clinical and Laboratory Pathophysiology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Nilton Licopan
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (IBS), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana Carolina Vespero
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analyzes, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Otake S, Shiraishi Y, Chubachi S, Tanabe N, Maetani T, Asakura T, Namkoong H, Shimada T, Azekawa S, Nakagawara K, Tanaka H, Fukushima T, Watase M, Terai H, Sasaki M, Ueda S, Kato Y, Harada N, Suzuki S, Yoshida S, Tateno H, Yamada Y, Jinzaki M, Hirai T, Okada Y, Koike R, Ishii M, Hasegawa N, Kimura A, Imoto S, Miyano S, Ogawa S, Kanai T, Fukunaga K. Lung volume measurement using chest CT in COVID-19 patients: a cohort study in Japan. BMJ Open Respir Res 2024; 11:e002234. [PMID: 38663888 PMCID: PMC11043761 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2023-002234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the utility of CT quantification of lung volume for predicting critical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 1200 hospitalised patients with COVID-19 from 4 hospitals. Lung fields were extracted using artificial intelligence-based segmentation, and the percentage of the predicted (%pred) total lung volume (TLC (%pred)) was calculated. The incidence of critical outcomes and posthospitalisation complications was compared between patients with low and high CT lung volumes classified based on the median percentage of predicted TLCct (n=600 for each). Prognostic factors for residual lung volume loss were investigated in 208 patients with COVID-19 via a follow-up CT after 3 months. RESULTS The incidence of critical outcomes was higher in the low TLCct (%pred) group than in the high TLCct (%pred) group (14.2% vs 3.3%, p<0.0001). Multivariable analysis of previously reported factors (age, sex, body mass index and comorbidities) demonstrated that CT-derived lung volume was significantly associated with critical outcomes. The low TLCct (%pred) group exhibited a higher incidence of bacterial infection, heart failure, thromboembolism, liver dysfunction and renal dysfunction than the high TLCct (%pred) group. TLCct (%pred) at 3 months was similarly divided into two groups at the median (71.8%). Among patients with follow-up CT scans, lung volumes showed a recovery trend from the time of admission to 3 months but remained lower in critical cases at 3 months. CONCLUSION Lower CT lung volume was associated with critical outcomes, posthospitalisation complications and slower improvement of clinical conditions in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Otake
- ivision of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shiraishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shotaro Chubachi
- ivision of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Tanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoki Maetani
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takanori Asakura
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ho Namkoong
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimada
- ivision of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Azekawa
- ivision of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Nakagawara
- ivision of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromu Tanaka
- ivision of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fukushima
- ivision of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuko Watase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Centre, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Terai
- ivision of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Sasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ueda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukari Kato
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Norihiro Harada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Shoji Suzuki
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Saitama City Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shuichi Yoshida
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Saitama City Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tateno
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Saitama City Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Yamada
- Keio University Department of Radiology, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Jinzaki
- Keio University Department of Radiology, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Genome Informatics, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Ryuji Koike
- Department of Pharmacovigilance, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Ishii
- Faculty of Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoki Hasegawa
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinori Kimura
- Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Satoru Miyano
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukunaga
- ivision of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Rusi E, Pennacchia F, Ruqa WA, Zingaropoli MA, Pasculli P, Talarico G, Bruno G, Barbato C, Minni A, Tarani L, Galardo G, Pugliese F, Lucarelli M, Ciardi MR, Meucci L, Ferraguti G, Fiore M. Blood Count and Renal Functionality Assessments in the Emergency Section Disclose Morbidity and Mortality in Omicron COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Study. Clin Pract 2024; 14:685-702. [PMID: 38804387 PMCID: PMC11130961 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract14030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: SARS-CoV-2 is the coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Even though we are no longer in a pandemic situation, people are still getting infected, some of them need hospitalization and a few of them die. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study including 445 patients who accessed the Emergency Section of Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy, where they had routine blood exams. In this study, we focused on the complete blood count, serum creatinine and azotemia. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, Spearman correlation and ROC analyses. They were divided into four groups based on their clinical outcomes: (1) the emergency group (patients who had mild forms and were quickly discharged); (2) the hospital ward group (patients who were admitted to the emergency section and were then hospitalized in a COVID-19 ward); (3) the intensive care unit (ICU) group (patients who required intensive assistance after the admission in the emergency section); (4) the deceased group (patients who had a fatal outcome after admission to the emergency section). Results: We found significant changes for creatinine, azotemia, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, basophils, monocytes, red blood cell distribution width, hemoglobin, hematocrit and red blood cell numbers using ANOVA according to their clinical outcomes, particularly for the deceased group. Also, we found linear correlations of clinical outcomes with eosinophils, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, lymphocyte, neutrophil, platelet and red blood cell number and red blood cell distribution width. Conclusions: This study discloses an early association between "classical" routine blood biomarkers and the severity of clinical outcomes in Omicron patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eqrem Rusi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Pennacchia
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Wael Abu Ruqa
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Pasculli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Talarico
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bruno
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Barbato
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), c/o Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Minni
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, ASL Rieti-Sapienza University, Ospedale San Camillo de Lellis, 02100 Rieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Tarani
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Pugliese
- Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Lucarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciardi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Meucci
- Directorate Social and Welfare Statistics, ISTAT, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero Ferraguti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fiore
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), c/o Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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40
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Yin Q, Liu W, Jiang Y, Feng Q, Wang X, Dou H, Liu Z, He F, Fan Y, Jiao B, Jiao B. Comprehensive genomic analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant BA.2.76 in Jining City, China, 2022. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:378. [PMID: 38632523 PMCID: PMC11022347 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10246-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to analyze the molecular characteristics of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant BA.2.76 in Jining City, China. METHODS Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 87 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Evolutionary trees were constructed using bioinformatics software to analyze sequence homology, variant sites, N-glycosylation sites, and phosphorylation sites. RESULTS All 87 SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequences were classified under the evolutionary branch of the Omicron variant BA.2.76. Their similarity to the reference strain Wuhan-Hu-1 ranged from 99.72 to 99.74%. In comparison to the reference strain Wuhan-Hu-1, the 87 sequences exhibited 77-84 nucleotide differences and 27 nucleotide deletions. A total of 69 amino acid variant sites, 9 amino acid deletions, and 1 stop codon mutation were identified across 18 proteins. Among them, the spike (S) protein exhibited the highest number of variant sites, and the ORF8 protein showed a Q27 stop mutation. Multiple proteins displayed variations in glycosylation and phosphorylation sites. CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, giving rise to new strains with enhanced transmission, stronger immune evasion capabilities, and reduced pathogenicity. The application of high-throughput sequencing technologies in the epidemic prevention and control of COVID-19 provides crucial insights into the evolutionary and variant characteristics of the virus at the genomic level, thereby holding significant implications for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yin
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Yajuan Jiang
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- Department of Laboratory, Rencheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Huixin Dou
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Zanzan Liu
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Feifei He
- Computer Information Technology, Northern Arizona University, Arizona, USA
| | - Yingying Fan
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China.
| | - Baihai Jiao
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Boyan Jiao
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China.
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Ellsworth CR, Wang C, Katz AR, Chen Z, Islamuddin M, Yang H, Scheuermann SE, Goff KA, Maness NJ, Blair RV, Kolls JK, Qin X. Natural Killer Cells Do Not Attenuate a Mouse-Adapted SARS-CoV-2-Induced Disease in Rag2-/- Mice. Viruses 2024; 16:611. [PMID: 38675952 PMCID: PMC11054502 DOI: 10.3390/v16040611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the roles of T, B, and Natural Killer (NK) cells in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19, utilizing mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2-MA30 (MA30). To evaluate this MA30 mouse model, we characterized MA30-infected C57BL/6 mice (B6) and compared them with SARS-CoV-2-WA1 (an original SARS-CoV-2 strain) infected K18-human ACE2 (K18-hACE2) mice. We found that the infected B6 mice developed severe peribronchial inflammation and rapid severe pulmonary edema, but less lung interstitial inflammation than the infected K18-hACE2 mice. These pathological findings recapitulate some pathological changes seen in severe COVID-19 patients. Using this MA30-infected mouse model, we further demonstrate that T and/or B cells are essential in mounting an effective immune response against SARS-CoV-2. This was evident as Rag2-/- showed heightened vulnerability to infection and inhibited viral clearance. Conversely, the depletion of NK cells did not significantly alter the disease course in Rag2-/- mice, underscoring the minimal role of NK cells in the acute phase of MA30-induced disease. Together, our results indicate that T and/or B cells, but not NK cells, mitigate MA30-induced disease in mice and the infected mouse model can be used for dissecting the pathogenesis and immunology of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calder R Ellsworth
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Health Sciences Campus, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (C.R.E.); (C.W.); (Z.C.); (M.I.); (S.E.S.); (K.A.G.); (N.J.M.); (R.V.B.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Chenxiao Wang
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Health Sciences Campus, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (C.R.E.); (C.W.); (Z.C.); (M.I.); (S.E.S.); (K.A.G.); (N.J.M.); (R.V.B.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Alexis R Katz
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (A.R.K.); (H.Y.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Zheng Chen
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Health Sciences Campus, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (C.R.E.); (C.W.); (Z.C.); (M.I.); (S.E.S.); (K.A.G.); (N.J.M.); (R.V.B.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Mohammad Islamuddin
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Health Sciences Campus, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (C.R.E.); (C.W.); (Z.C.); (M.I.); (S.E.S.); (K.A.G.); (N.J.M.); (R.V.B.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Haoran Yang
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (A.R.K.); (H.Y.); (J.K.K.)
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Sarah E Scheuermann
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Health Sciences Campus, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (C.R.E.); (C.W.); (Z.C.); (M.I.); (S.E.S.); (K.A.G.); (N.J.M.); (R.V.B.)
| | - Kelly A Goff
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Health Sciences Campus, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (C.R.E.); (C.W.); (Z.C.); (M.I.); (S.E.S.); (K.A.G.); (N.J.M.); (R.V.B.)
| | - Nicholas J Maness
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Health Sciences Campus, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (C.R.E.); (C.W.); (Z.C.); (M.I.); (S.E.S.); (K.A.G.); (N.J.M.); (R.V.B.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Robert V Blair
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Health Sciences Campus, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (C.R.E.); (C.W.); (Z.C.); (M.I.); (S.E.S.); (K.A.G.); (N.J.M.); (R.V.B.)
| | - Jay K Kolls
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (A.R.K.); (H.Y.); (J.K.K.)
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Xuebin Qin
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Health Sciences Campus, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (C.R.E.); (C.W.); (Z.C.); (M.I.); (S.E.S.); (K.A.G.); (N.J.M.); (R.V.B.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Enilama O, MacDonald C, Thompson P, Khan U, Allu S, Beaucage M, Yau K, Oliver MJ, Hladunewich MA, Levin A. Perceptions and Information-Seeking Behavior Regarding COVID-19 Vaccination Among Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease in 2023: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2024; 11:20543581241242550. [PMID: 38628809 PMCID: PMC11020724 DOI: 10.1177/20543581241242550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background People living with chronic kidney disease (CKD) face an increased risk of severe outcomes such as hospitalization or death from COVID-19. COVID-19 vaccination is a vital approach to mitigate the risk and severity of infection in patients with CKD. Limited information exists regarding the factors that shape COVID-19 vaccine uptake, including health information-seeking behavior and perceptions, within the CKD population. Objective The objectives were to describe among CKD patients, (1) health information-seeking behavior on COVID-19, (2) their capacity to comprehend and trust COVID-19 information from different sources, and (3) their perceptions concerning COVID-19 infection and vaccination. Design/Setting Cross-sectional web-based survey administered in British Columbia and Ontario from February 17, 2023, to April 17, 2023. Participants Chronic kidney disease G3b-5D patients and kidney transplant recipients (CKD G1T-5T) enrolled in a longitudinal COVID-19 vaccine serology study. Methods and Measurements The survey consisted of a questionnaire that included demographic and clinical data, perceived susceptibility of contracting COVID-19, the ability to collect, understand, and trust information on COVID-19, as well as perceptions regarding COVID-19 vaccination. Descriptive statistics were used to present the data with values expressed as count (%) and chi square tests were performed with a significance level set at P ≤ .05. A content analysis was performed on one open-ended response regarding respondents' questions surrounding COVID-19 infection and vaccination. Results Among the 902 patients who received the survey via email, 201 completed the survey, resulting in a response rate of 22%. The median age was 64 years old (IQR 53-74), 48% were male, 51% were university educated, 32% were on kidney replacement therapies, and 57% had received ≥5 COVID-19 vaccine doses. 65% of respondents reported that they had sought out COVID-19-related information in the last 12 months, with 91% and 84% expressing having understood and trusted the information they received, respectively. Those with a higher number of COVID-19 vaccine doses were associated with having sought out (P =.017), comprehended (P < .001), and trusted (P =. 005) COVID-19-related information. Female sex was associated with expressing more concern about contracting COVID-19 (P = .011). Most respondents strongly agreed to statements regarding the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination. Respondents' questions about COVID-19 infection and vaccination centered on 4 major themes: COVID-19 vaccination strategy, vaccine effectiveness, vaccine safety, and the impact of COVID-19 infection and vaccination on kidney health. Limitations This survey was administered within the Canadian health care context to patients with CKD who had at least 1 COVID-19 vaccine dose. Race/ethnicity of participants was not captured. Conclusions In this survey of individuals with CKD, COVID-19 information-seeking behavior was high and almost all respondents understood and trusted the information they received. Perceptions toward the COVID-19 vaccine and booster were mostly favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omosomi Enilama
- Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Nephrology Research Program, Providence Research, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Can-SOLVE CKD Network, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Umair Khan
- Can-SOLVE CKD Network, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Selina Allu
- Can-SOLVE CKD Network, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Kevin Yau
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew J. Oliver
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ontario Renal Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michelle A. Hladunewich
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ontario Renal Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Adeera Levin
- Nephrology Research Program, Providence Research, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Can-SOLVE CKD Network, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Renal, Vancouver, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Chen C, Kang D, Chen Z, Shi P, Li Y, Qian S. DLD is a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19 infection in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients. Apoptosis 2024:10.1007/s10495-024-01959-0. [PMID: 38581529 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-024-01959-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Since the discovery of copper induces cell death(cuprotosis) in 2022, it has been one of the biggest research hotspots. cuprotosis related genes (CRGs) has been demonstrated to be a potential therapeutic target for cancer, however, the molecular mechanism of CRGs in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infected in DLBCL patients has not been reported yet. Therefore, our research objective is first to elucidate the mechanism and role of CRGs in COVID-19. Secondly, we conducted univariate and multivariate analysis and machine learning to screen for CRGs with common expression differences in COVID-19 and DLBCL. Finally, the functional role and immune mechanism of genes in DLBCL were confirmed through cell experiments and immune analysis. The research results show that CRGs play an important role in the occurrence and development of COVID-19. Univariate analysis and machine learning confirm that dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) is the common key gene of COVID-19 and DLBCL. Inhibiting the expression of DLD can significantly inhibit the cycle progression and promote cell apoptosis of DLBCL cells and can target positive regulation of Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1, also known as KDM1A) to inhibit the proliferation of DLBCL cells and promote cell apoptosis. The immune analysis results show that high-expression of DLD may reduce T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity by regulating immune infiltration of CD8 + T cells and positively regulating immune checkpoints LAG3 and CD276. Reducing the expression of DLD can effectively enhance T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity, thereby clearing cancer cells and preventing cancer growth. In conclusion, DLD may be a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19 infection in DLBCL patients. Our research provides a theoretical basis for improving the clinical treatment of COVID-19 infection in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Chen
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Kang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Shi
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Li
- Team of neonatal & infant development, health and nutrition, NDHN. School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China.
- Kindstar Global Precision Medicine Institute, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shenxian Qian
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Surov A, Meyer HJ, Ehrengut C, Zimmermann S, Schramm D, Hinnerichs M, Bär C, Borggrefe J. Myosteatosis predicts short-term mortality in patients with COVID-19: A multicenter analysis. Nutrition 2024; 120:112327. [PMID: 38341908 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Body composition on computed tomography can predict prognosis in patients with COVID-19. The reported data are based on small retrospective studies. The aim of the present study was to analyze the prognostic relevance of skeletal muscle parameter derived from chest computed tomography for prediction of 30-d mortality in patients with COVID-19 in a multicenter setting. METHODS The clinical databases of three centers were screened for patients with COVID-19 between 2020 and 2022. Overall, 447 patients (142 female; 31.7%) were included into the study. The mean age at the time of computed tomography acquisition was 63.8 ± 14.7 y and median age was 65 y. Skeletal muscle area and skeletal muscle density were defined on level T12 of the chest. RESULTS Overall, 118 patients (26.3%) died within the 30-d observation period. Of the patient sample, 255 patients (57.0%) were admitted to an intensive care unit and 122 patients needed mechanical ventilation (27.3%). The mean skeletal muscle area of all patients was 96.1 ± 27.2 cm² (range = 23.2-200.7 cm²). For skeletal muscle density, the mean was 24.3 ± 11.1 Hounsfield units (range = -5.6 to 55.8 Hounsfield units). In survivors, the mean skeletal muscle density was higher compared with the lethal cases (mean 25.8 ± 11.2 versus 20.1 ± 9.6; P < 0.0001). Presence of myosteatosis was independently associated with 30-d mortality: odds ratio = 2.72 (95% CI, 1.71-4.32); P = 0.0001. CONCLUSIONS Myosteatosis is strongly associated with 30-d mortality in patients COVID-19. Patients with COVID-19 with myosteatosis should be considered a risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Surov
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology and Nuclear Medicine, Johannes Wesling Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.
| | - Hans Jonas Meyer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Constantin Ehrengut
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Silke Zimmermann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dominik Schramm
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mattes Hinnerichs
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Bär
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jan Borggrefe
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology and Nuclear Medicine, Johannes Wesling Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
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Zhang H, Zhao Y, Du Y, Yang Y, Zhang J, Wang S. Effect Modification of COVID-19 Symptoms on the Association Between Timing of Surgery and Postoperative Complications in Pediatric Spinal Deformity: A Prospective Cohort Study. World Neurosurg 2024; 184:e76-e83. [PMID: 38224906 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore the optimal timing and associated risks of pediatric spinal deformity surgery during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS All consecutive surgical cases for spinal deformity between September 2022 and May 2023 were included. The population was divided into several categories according to the time from diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection to the day of surgery. Postoperative complications were analyzed using logistic regression, and we simultaneously showed the results from the crude model, minimally adjusted model, and fully adjusted model. RESULTS A total of 81 consecutive patients were enrolled. In the fully adjusted model, compared with pre-COVID-19 patients, peri-COVID-19 patients had a 4.5-fold increased risk of postoperative complications (odds ratio = 5.5, 95% confidence interval 1.1-27.2, P = 0.037), early post-COVID-19 patients had a 2.3-fold increased risk (odds ratio= 3.3, 95% confidence interval 0.7-16.1, P = 0.133), and late post-COVID-19 patients were at essentially equal risk. In asymptomatic population, early post-COVID-19 patients and late post-COVID-19 patients appeared to be at equal risk compared with pre-COVID-19 patients. For patients with persistent symptoms, is necessary to wait at least 8 weeks or even longer after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Interaction tests demonstrated that the effect of the timing of surgery on postoperative complications significantly differed in populations with different symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Surgery for pediatric spinal deformity should be postponed until 8 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection in cases with COVID-19-related symptoms within 2 weeks prior to surgery; whereas, for those who are asymptomatic within 2 weeks prior to surgery, an interval of 4 weeks seemed to be sufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwei Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - You Du
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengru Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Amani B, Amani B. Comparison of effectiveness and safety of molnupiravir versus sotrovimab for COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1262. [PMID: 38652021 PMCID: PMC11037253 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of molnupiravir and sotrovimab in the treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, medRxiv, and Google Scholar were systematically searched to identify relevant evidence up to December 2023. The risk of bias was assessed using the risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions tool. Data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA). RESULTS Our search identified and included 13 studies involving 16166 patients. The meta-analysis revealed a significant difference between the molnupiravir and sotrovimab groups in terms of the mortality rate (odds ratio [OR] = 2.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16, 3.70). However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of hospitalization rate (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.47, 1.06), death or hospitalization rate (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 0.81, 2.83), and intensive care unit admission (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.07, 4.84). In terms of safety, molnupiravir was associated with a higher incidence of adverse events (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.21, 2.30). CONCLUSION The current findings indicate that sotrovimab may be more effective than molnupiravir in reducing the mortality rate in COVID-19 patients. However, no statistical difference was observed between the two treatments for other effectiveness outcomes. The certainty of evidence for these findings was rated as low or moderate. Further research is required to provide a better comparison of these interventions in treating COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Amani
- Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Behnam Amani
- Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Valapala VNG, Dasari N, Kolli VK, Mandapaka M. Impact of 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 patients with respect to clinical and biochemical profile: An experience from a tertiary care hospital. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 60:187-194. [PMID: 38479909 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Among the many micronutrients, Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with the severity of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 patients. DESIGN AND METHODS A retrospective observational study was conducted on Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital between April 5, 2021, and May 5, 2021. RESULTS Among 285 patients,77.2 % of the patients who stayed for more than 14 days were either Vitamin D insufficient or deficient [P value < 0.05]. In our study, the mean oxygen saturation at admission was 85.7 % in the Vitamin D deficiency group compared to 95.6 % in Vitamin D sufficiency patients [P value < 0.05]. Mean serum ferritin was 398 ng/ml in the Vitamin D deficiency group compared to 393 ng/ml in Vitamin D sufficiency patients [P value > 0.05]. The mean C-reactive protein was 107.6 mg/ml in the Vitamin D deficiency group compared to 21.8 ng/ml in Vitamin D sufficiency patients [P value < 0.05]. The mean D-Dimer was 2268 ng/ml in the Vitamin D deficiency group compared to 781 ng/ml in Vitamin D sufficiency patients [P value < 0.05]. In the non-survivor group,97.4 % were Vitamin D deficient and insufficient. Only 2 % of the patients who survived were Vitamin D deficient [P value < 0.05]. CONCLUSION We observed that low 25-hydroxy Vitamin D levels were associated with lower oxygen saturation and higher acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II scores, requiring a more extended stay in the hospital. C-reactive protein and D-dimers were significantly higher in Vitamin D deficient patients, suggesting severe disease. We did not find statistically significant findings in the case of the correlation of serum ferritin levels with Vitamin D status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkat Narayana Goutham Valapala
- Department of General Medicine, GITAM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, 530045, India
| | - Nikhila Dasari
- Department Of Respiratory Medicine, GITAM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, GITAM (Deemed To Be University), Visakhapatnam, 530045, India
| | - Viswa Kalyan Kolli
- Department of Biochemistry, GITAM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, 530045, India.
| | - Murty Mandapaka
- Department of General Medicine, GITAM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, 530045, India
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Lintala A, Vapalahti O, Nousiainen A, Kantele A, Hepojoki J. Whole Blood as a Sample Matrix in Homogeneous Time-Resolved Assay-Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-Based Antibody Detection. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:720. [PMID: 38611633 PMCID: PMC11011549 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14070720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The protein-L-utilizing Förster resonance energy transfer (LFRET) assay enables mix-and-read antibody detection, as demonstrated for sera from patients with, e.g., severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Zika virus, and orthohantavirus infections. In this study, we compared paired serum and whole blood (WB) samples of COVID-19 patients and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine recipients. We found that LFRET also detects specific antibodies in WB samples. In 44 serum-WB pairs from patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, LFRET showed a strong correlation between the sample materials. By analyzing 89 additional WB samples, totaling 133 WB samples, we found that LFRET results were moderately correlated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results for samples collected 2 to 14 months after receiving COVID-19 diagnosis. However, the correlation decreased for samples >14 months after receiving a diagnosis. When comparing the WB LFRET results to neutralizing antibody titers, a strong correlation emerged for samples collected 1 to 14 months after receiving a diagnosis. This study also highlights the versatility of LFRET in detecting antibodies directly from WB samples and suggests that it could be employed for rapidly assessing antibody responses to infectious agents or vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Lintala
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Medicum, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Medicum, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital Diagnostic Center, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arttu Nousiainen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Meilahti Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research Center, MeiVac, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Kantele
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Meilahti Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research Center, MeiVac, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Hepojoki
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Medicum, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Zhu H, Sharma AK, Aguilar K, Boghani F, Sarcan S, George M, Ramesh J, Van Der Eerden J, Panda CS, Lopez A, Zhi W, Bollag R, Patel N, Klein K, White J, Thangaraju M, Lokeshwar BL, Singh N, Lokeshwar VB. Simple virus-free mouse models of COVID-19 pathologies and oral therapeutic intervention. iScience 2024; 27:109191. [PMID: 38433928 PMCID: PMC10906509 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The paucity of preclinical models that recapitulate COVID-19 pathology without requiring SARS-COV-2 adaptation and humanized/transgenic mice limits research into new therapeutics against the frequently emerging variants-of-concern. We developed virus-free models by C57BL/6 mice receiving oropharyngeal instillations of a SARS-COV-2 ribo-oligonucleotide common in all variants or specific to Delta/Omicron variants, concurrently with low-dose bleomycin. Mice developed COVID-19-like lung pathologies including ground-glass opacities, interstitial fibrosis, congested alveoli, and became moribund. Lung tissues from these mice and bronchoalveolar lavage and lung tissues from patients with COVID-19 showed elevated levels of hyaluronic acid (HA), HA-family members, an inflammatory signature, and immune cell infiltration. 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), an oral drug for biliary-spasm treatment, inhibits HA-synthesis. At the human equivalent dose, 4-MU prevented/inhibited COVID-19-like pathologies and long-term morbidity; 4-MU and metabolites accumulated in mice lungs. Therefore, these versatile SARS-COV-2 ribo-oligonucleotide oropharyngeal models recapitulate COVID-19 pathology, with HA as its critical mediator and 4-MU as a potential therapeutic for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabin Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Anuj K. Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Karina Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Faizan Boghani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Semih Sarcan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Michelle George
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Janavi Ramesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Joshua Van Der Eerden
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Chandramukhi S. Panda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Aileen Lopez
- Clinical Trials Office, Augusta University, 1521 Pope Avenue, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Wenbo Zhi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Roni Bollag
- Department of Pathology and Biorepository Alliance of Georgia, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Nikhil Patel
- Department of Pathology and Biorepository Alliance of Georgia, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Kandace Klein
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Joe White
- Department of Pathology and Biorepository Alliance of Georgia, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Muthusamy Thangaraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Bal L. Lokeshwar
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Nagendra Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Vinata B. Lokeshwar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Kumar AS, Venkatesalu S, Dilliyappan S, Pasupulla AP, Prathap L, Palaniyandi T, Baskar G, Ravi M, Sugumaran A. Microfluidics as diagnostic tools. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 556:117841. [PMID: 38395126 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The challenges in the management of human diseases are largely determined by the precision, speed and ease of diagnostic procedures available. Developments in biomedical engineering technologies have greatly helped in transforming human health care, especially for disease diagnosis which in turn lead to better patient outcomes. One such development is in the form of microfluidic chip technology which has transformed various aspects of human health care. We present in this review, a comprehensive account on the utility of microfluidic chip technologies for the diagnosis of autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), infectious diseases, and neurodegenerative conditions. We have included the diseases posing global threat such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, pernicious anemia, tuberculosis, COVID-19, influenza, alzheimer's, multiple sclerosis, and epilepsy. Apart from discussing the ways of microfluidic chip in diagnosis, we included a section presenting electrochemical, electrical, optical, and acoustic detection technologies for the precise diagnosis of CVDs. Microfluidics platforms have thus revolutionized novel capabilities in addressing the requirements of point-of-care diagnostics enabling miniaturization by integrating multiple laboratory functions into a single chip resulting in "one flow - one solution" systems. Hence, the precision and early diagnoses of diseases are now possible due to the advancements of microfluidics-based technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avanthika Satish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Sneha Venkatesalu
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | | | - Ajay Prakash Pasupulla
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathologist, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nigist Eleni Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia, East Africa
| | - Lavanya Prathap
- Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Thirunavukkarasu Palaniyandi
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, India; Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
| | - Gomathy Baskar
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Maddaly Ravi
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Abimanyu Sugumaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
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