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Liu C, Liang X, Yang Y, Liu R, Arbour-Nicitopoulos K, Sit CHP. Mechanisms Linking Physical Activity With Mental Health in Children and Adolescents With Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review. Am J Prev Med 2024:S0749-3797(24)00179-X. [PMID: 38844148 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2024.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activity (PA) is a promising way to improve mental health in children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The current review aimed to explore the potential neurobiological, psychosocial, and behavioral mechanisms between PA interventions and mental health in children and adolescents with NDDs. METHODS Web of Science, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and ERIC were searched from inception to June 2023. Randomized controlled trials/quasi-experimental designs applying PA interventions and reporting at least one mental health outcome and at least one potential mechanism in children and adolescents with NDDs were included. The best evidence synthesis rating system was adopted to determine the strength and consistency of potential mechanisms and was performed in 2024. RESULTS In total, 45 studies were included, 29 of which were randomized controlled trials and 16 were quasi-experimental, with a total of 1,751 participants. According to the best evidence synthesis rating system, neurobiological (theta activity and P3 amplitude), psychosocial (social skills and social participation), and behavioral (motor skills and sleep) mechanisms were the frequently examined and consistent mechanisms through which PA affected mental health in children and adolescents with NDDs. However, evidence regarding P3 latency, beta activity, and physical self-concept was insufficient. DISCUSSION Future PA interventions could consider neurobiological (theta activity and P3 amplitude), psychosocial (social skills and social participation), and behavioral (motor skills and sleep) mechanisms. Alternatively, PA can be developed as an adjunctive approach with interventions that specifically focus on these mechanisms to enhance mental health in children and adolescents with NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yijian Yang
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ran Liu
- The First Hospital of Tsinghua University (Beijing Huaxin Hospital), Beijing, China
| | | | - Cindy Hui-Ping Sit
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
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Guardia T, Cote KA, Healey MK, Gammage KL, Campbell KL. Self-reported physical activity and sleep quality is associated with working memory function in middle-aged and older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38555591 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2024.2333066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
While previous work has shown a positive relationship between cognitive performance and lifestyle factors in younger adults, evidence for this relationship among middle-aged and older adults has been mixed. The current study aimed to further test the relationship among physical activity, sleep quality, and memory performance in middle-aged and older adults, and to test whether this relationship holds up during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results showed that physical activity was associated with better sleep quality and better working memory performance, and better sleep quality was associated with better working memory and self-perceptions of everyday memory abilities. Additionally, we found that the effects of physical activity on working memory were partially mediated by sleep quality. While these effects were small and only correlational in nature, they lend further support to the notion that sleep quality and physical activity are beneficial to memory later in life, even during a global pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Guardia
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Kimberly A Cote
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - M Karl Healey
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Callow DD, Zipunnikov V, Spira AP, Wanigatunga SK, Pettigrew C, Albert M, Soldan A. Actigraphy Estimated Sleep Moderates the Relationship between Physical Activity and Cognition in Older Adults. Ment Health Phys Act 2024; 26:100573. [PMID: 38264712 PMCID: PMC10803079 DOI: 10.1016/j.mhpa.2023.100573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aims Physical inactivity and poor sleep are common in older adults and may interact to contribute to age- and disease-related cognitive decline. However, prior work regarding the associations among physical activity, and cognition in older adults is primarily limited to subjective questionnaires that are susceptible to inaccuracies and recall bias. Therefore, this study examined whether objectively measured physical activity and sleep characteristics, each estimated using actigraphy, are independently or interactively associated with cognitive performance. Methods The study included 157 older adults free of dementia (136 cognitively unimpaired; 21 MCI; M age = 71.7) from the BIOCARD cohort. Results Using multiple linear regression, cognition was regressed on estimated total volume of physical activity (TVPA), sleep efficiency (SE), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and total sleep time (TST) (adjusted for age, sex, education, diagnosis, vascular risk factors, and Apolipoprotein E (APOE)-e4 genetic status). Models were also run for domain-specific cognitive composite scores. TVPA and SE each were positively associated with a global cognitive composite score. TVPA was positively associated with executive function and language composites, and SE was positively related to executive function, visuospatial, and language composites. Importantly, a TVPA by SE interaction (p = 0.015) suggested that adults with the poorest SE experienced the greatest benefit from physical activity in relation to global cognition. The other sleep metrics were unrelated to cognitive performance. Conclusion These results suggest that TVPA and SE may synergistically benefit cognition in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Callow
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Vadim Zipunnikov
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adam P Spira
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah K Wanigatunga
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Corinne Pettigrew
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Marilyn Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Anja Soldan
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Ballenger BK, Carter SL, Norman G, Brown SP, Fernhall B, Motl RW, Agiovlasitis S. Physical activity and arterial stiffness: is body fat a mediator? Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:527-535. [PMID: 37578537 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05296-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical activity (PA) and body fat percentage (%BF) are independently associated with arterial stiffness, but it has not been explored if there is an associative pathway among these variables. This study examined whether %BF mediates the relationship between PA or sedentary behavior levels with arterial stiffness. METHODS Fifty adults (1:1 men:women; age 28 ± 11 year) had carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CF-PWV) measured by applanation tonometry, %BF by bioelectrical impedance, and PA levels by accelerometry. Accelerometer data determined minutes per day spent in sedentary, light, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and Total PA. RESULTS Pearson correlation indicated statistically significant associations among age, %BF, CF-PWV, MVPA, and Total PA (r = 0.34-0.65, p < 0.05). Sedentary and light PA were not associated with CF-PWV. Mediation analysis indicated significant total effects of MVPA (β = - 0.34, p = 0.044) and age (β = 0.65, p < 0.001) on CF-PWV. %BF mediated the relationship between Total PA and CF-PWV due to indirect effect of Total PA on %BF (β = - 0.34, p = 0.02) and %BF on CF-PWV (β = 0.44, p = 0.002), and partially mediated the relationship between age and CF-PWV (β = 0.54, p < 0.001). Total PA retained its significant effect on %BF (β = - 0.28, p = 0.04) and the effect of %BF on CF-PWV remained significant (β = 0.26, p = 0.03), despite age having a significant effect on both %BF (β = 0.31, p = 0.023) and CF-PWV (β = 0.54, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS %BF mediated the relationship between Total PA and arterial stiffness, even after accounting for age. Engagement in more Total PA may help to reduce %BF, resulting in decreased arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brantley K Ballenger
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA.
| | - Sydni L Carter
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Grant Norman
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Stanley P Brown
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Bo Fernhall
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert W Motl
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, Univeristy of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Zhao Z, Kou Y. Effect of short video addiction on the sleep quality of college students: chain intermediary effects of physical activity and procrastination behavior. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1287735. [PMID: 38274685 PMCID: PMC10808398 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1287735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of short video addiction on college students' sleep quality and to elucidate the mechanism underlying this relationship. Thus, we examined the correlation between short video addiction and sleep quality and analyzed the roles of physical activity and procrastination. Methods The Short Video Addiction Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Aitken Procrastination Inventory, and Physical Activity Rating Scale were administered to 337 college students. Data were analyzed using SPSS 27.0. Pearson's correlation analysis and mediation analysis using the bootstrapping test were performed for the standard method bias test. Results (1) Overall, 25.2% of college students had problems with sleep quality (indicated by a PSQI score ≥ 8). (2) Short video addiction score is positively correlated with college students' sleep quality score; procrastination score was positively associated with both short video addiction score and sleep quality score, and physical activity score was negatively associated with them. (3) Short video addiction significantly positive predicted sleep quality (β = 0.458, P < 0.001), a significant negative predictive effect on physical exercise (β = -0.183, P < 0.001), and a significant positive effect on procrastination behavior (β = 0.246, P < 0.001). After physical exercise and procrastination behavior were entered into the regression equation, short video addiction and procrastination were significantly positive predictors of sleep quality, and physical activity was significantly negative predictor of sleep quality. (4) After accounting for the variables of age, gender, and grade, physical activity and procrastination behaviors independently mediated the association between short-video addiction and sleep quality. Physical activity and procrastination behavior acted as chain mediators in the association between short video addiction and sleep quality, with a chain mediation effect percentage of 1.04%. Short video addiction directly affects college students' sleep quality, indirectly through physical activity and procrastination behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhao
- Department of Physical Education, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yali Kou
- School of Marxism, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan, China
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Parrilla MM, Kautiainen RJ, King TZ. Sleep quality and executive function in a diverse sample of healthy young adults. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38170836 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2023.2297299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Few studies examine the relationship between sleep and executive function in diverse samples of young adults. Our research aims to fill this gap by analyzing how self-reported sleep quality is related to informant-rated executive function as a whole and its working memory component in a diverse sample of 29 healthy college students. Using the self-report measure, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), we divided our sample into two groups based on cutoff criteria (score ≥5: poor sleep): good sleep quality (n = 11) and poor sleep quality (n = 18). Participants were on average 20.86 years old. Informants rated participants' executive functioning and working memory using the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe) and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). Individuals in the poor sleep quality group were reported as having significantly worse executive function and working memory scores. Young adult college students who report less than 7 hours of sleep per night have lower scores on informant measures of working memory and executive function. This study raises awareness about how self-reported sleep experiences are related to other's observation of cognitive abilities in everyday life in a diverse young adult sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Parrilla
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Tricia Z King
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Skourti E, Simos P, Zampetakis A, Koutentaki E, Zaganas I, Alexopoulou C, Vgontzas A, Basta M. Long-term associations between objective sleep quality and quantity and verbal memory performance in normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1265016. [PMID: 37928739 PMCID: PMC10620682 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1265016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although the link between sleep and memory function is well established, associations between sleep macrostructure and memory function in normal cognition and Mild Cognitive Impairment remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the longitudinal associations of baseline objectively assessed sleep quality and duration, as well as time in bed, with verbal memory capacity over a 7-9 year period. Participants are a well-characterized subsample of 148 persons (mean age at baseline: 72.8 ± 6.7 years) from the Cretan Aging Cohort. Based on comprehensive neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological evaluation at baseline, participants were diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI; n = 79) or found to be cognitively unimpaired (CNI; n = 69). Sleep quality/quantity was estimated from a 3-day consecutive actigraphy recording, whereas verbal memory capacity was examined using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and the Greek Passage Memory Test at baseline and follow-up. Panel models were applied to the data using AMOS including several sociodemographic and clinical covariates. Results Sleep efficiency at baseline directly predicted subsequent memory performance in the total group (immediate passage recall: β = 0.266, p = 0.001; immediate word list recall: β = 0.172, p = 0.01; delayed passage retrieval: β = 0.214, p = 0.002) with the effects in Passage Memory reaching significance in both clinical groups. Wake after sleep onset time directly predicted follow-up immediate passage recall in the total sample (β = -0.211, p = 0.001) and in the MCI group (β = -0.235, p = 0.02). In the total sample, longer 24-h sleep duration was associated with reduced memory performance indirectly through increased sleep duration at follow-up (immediate passage recall: β = -0.045, p = 0.01; passage retention index: β = -0.051, p = 0.01; RAVLT-delayed recall: β = -0.048, p = 0.009; RAVLT-retention index:β = -0.066, p = 0.004). Similar indirect effects were found for baseline 24-h time in bed. Indirect effects of sleep duration/time in bed were found predominantly in the MCI group. Discussion Findings corroborate and expand previous work suggesting that poor sleep quality and long sleep duration predict worse memory function in elderly. Timely interventions to improve sleep could help prevent or delay age-related memory decline among non-demented elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Skourti
- Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Simos
- Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Computational Biomedicine Lab, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Alexandros Zampetakis
- Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eirini Koutentaki
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ioannis Zaganas
- Division of Neurology and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Alexandros Vgontzas
- Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Maria Basta
- Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
- Day Care Center for Alzheimer’s Disease “Nefeli”, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Sewell KR, Smith NDW, Rainey-Smith SR, Peiffer J, Sohrabi HR, Erickson KI, Brown BM. The effect of acute exercise on objectively measured sleep and cognition in older adults. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1207199. [PMID: 37868603 PMCID: PMC10585032 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1207199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise can improve cognition in aging, however it is unclear how exercise influences cognition, and sleep may partially explain this association. The current study aimed to investigate whether objectively measured sleep mediates the effect of an acute exercise intervention on cognition in older adults. Methods Participants were 30 cognitively unimpaired, physically active older adults (69.2 ± 4.3 years) with poor sleep (determined via self-report). After a triple baseline cognitive assessment to account for any natural fluctuation in cognitive performance, participants completed either a single bout of 20-minutes of high intensity exercise on a cycle ergometer, or a control condition, in a cross-over trial design. Cognition was measured immediately post-intervention and the following day, and sleep (total sleep time, sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, % of rapid eye movement sleep, light sleep and deep sleep) was characterized using WatchPAT™ at baseline (5 nights) and measured for one night after both exercise and control conditions. Results Results showed no effect of the exercise intervention on cognition immediately post-intervention, nor an effect of acute exercise on any sleep variable. There was no mediating effect of sleep on associations between exercise and cognition. However, a change from baseline to post-intervention in light sleep and deep sleep did predict change in episodic memory at the ~24 h post-intervention cognitive assessment, regardless of intervention condition. Discussion There was no effect of acute high intensity exercise on sleep or cognition in the current study. However, results suggest that associations between sleep and cognition may exist independently of exercise in our sample. Further research is required, and such studies may aid in informing the most effective lifestyle interventions for cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey R. Sewell
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Nathan D. W. Smith
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jeremiah Peiffer
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Hamid R. Sohrabi
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kirk I. Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Belinda M. Brown
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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Sewell KR, Rainey-Smith SR, Peiffer J, Sohrabi HR, Doecke J, Frost NJ, Markovic SJ, Erickson K, Brown BM. The influence of baseline sleep on exercise-induced cognitive change in cognitively unimpaired older adults: A randomised clinical trial. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 38:e6016. [PMID: 37864564 DOI: 10.1002/gps.6016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Observational studies consistently demonstrate that physical activity is associated with elevated cognitive function, however, there remains significant heterogeneity in cognitive outcomes from randomized exercise interventions. Individual variation in sleep behaviours may be a source of variability in the effectiveness of exercise-induced cognitive change, however this has not yet been investigated. The current study aimed to (1) investigate the influence of a 6-month exercise intervention on sleep, assessed pre- and post-intervention and, (2) investigate whether baseline sleep measures moderate exercise-induced cognitive changes. METHODS We utilised data from the Intense Physical Activity and Cognition (IPAC) study (n = 89), a 6-month moderate intensity and high intensity exercise intervention, in cognitively unimpaired community-dwelling older adults aged 60-80 (68.76 ± 5.32). Exercise was supervised and completed on a stationary exercise bicycle, and cognitive function was measured using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery administered pre- and post-intervention. Sleep was measured using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index. There was no effect of the exercise intervention on any sleep outcomes from pre- to post-intervention. RESULTS There was a significant moderating effect of baseline sleep efficiency on both episodic memory and global cognition within the moderate intensity exercise group, such that those with poorer sleep efficiency at baseline showed greater exercise-induced improvements in episodic memory. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that those with poorer sleep may have the greatest exercise-induced cognitive benefits and that baseline sleep behaviours may be an important source of heterogeneity in previous exercise interventions targeting cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey R Sewell
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephanie R Rainey-Smith
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jeremiah Peiffer
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hamid R Sohrabi
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Doecke
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian E-Health Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Natalie J Frost
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shaun J Markovic
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kirk Erickson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Belinda M Brown
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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Yamazaki F, Inoue K, Ohmi N, Okimoto C. A two-week exercise intervention improves cold symptoms and sleep condition in cold-sensitive women. J Physiol Anthropol 2023; 42:22. [PMID: 37773205 PMCID: PMC10540373 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-023-00339-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined whether an aerobic exercise intervention in young women with cold sensitivity symptoms improves sleep quality and decreases cold complaints. Furthermore, we examined the association with increased foot skin temperature (Tsk) before falling asleep and decrease in sensitivity to cold in the brain. METHODS We recruited 16 female adult volunteers who had cold sensitivity and were not engaged in daily exercise training, and they were divided into an exercise group (EXE) and a control group (CON). EXE was given a 2-week exercise intervention that consisted mainly of walking and jogging. Before and after the intervention, temperature sensation and body temperature parameters were measured just before bedtime; electroencephalogram measurements were taken during sleep; and subjective sleep surveys, including Oguri-Shirakawa-Azumi (OSA) sleep inventory (middle-aged and aged version) and visual analogue scale (VAS), were conducted immediately after waking up. All experiments were performed in the winter season. RESULTS In EXE, overall and foot warmth and comfort increased (p < 0.05) after the 2-week exercise intervention. The exercise intervention also decreased (p < 0.05) the scores for cold feeling in the fingertips, feet, and toes. In the OSA sleep inventory, factor IV (refreshing) and factor V (sleep length) were increased (p < 0.05) by the exercise intervention. Subjective sleep quality evaluated by VAS increased (p < 0.05) with exercise intervention. The exercise intervention in EXE shortened middle awake time after sleep onset (p < 0.05) and prolonged deep sleep length (p < 0.05). The exercise intervention increased (p < 0.05) alpha-wave power before sleep. In CON, all variables remained unchanged throughout the 2-week control period. CONCLUSION Short-term aerobic exercise alleviated peripheral extremity cold sensitivity symptoms and improved subjective sleep quality. Our findings suggest that these improvements were not due to increased Tsk at rest before bedtime but to decreased sensitivity to cold in the brain that was expressed as increased alpha activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Yamazaki
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Human Nutrition, Yamaguchi Prefectural University, 6-2-1 Sakurabatake, Yamaguchi, 753-0021, Japan.
| | - Kana Inoue
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Human Nutrition, Yamaguchi Prefectural University, 6-2-1 Sakurabatake, Yamaguchi, 753-0021, Japan
| | - Nanako Ohmi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Human Nutrition, Yamaguchi Prefectural University, 6-2-1 Sakurabatake, Yamaguchi, 753-0021, Japan
| | - Chika Okimoto
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Human Nutrition, Yamaguchi Prefectural University, 6-2-1 Sakurabatake, Yamaguchi, 753-0021, Japan
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Frimpong E, Mograss M, Zvionow T, Paez A, Aubertin-Leheudre M, Bherer L, Pepin V, Robertson EM, Dang-Vu TT. Acute evening high-intensity interval training may attenuate the detrimental effects of sleep restriction on long-term declarative memory. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad119. [PMID: 37084788 PMCID: PMC10334486 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence shows that a nap and acute exercise synergistically enhanced memory. Additionally, human-based cross-sectional studies and animal experiments suggest that physical exercise may mitigate the cognitive impairments of poor sleep quality and sleep restriction, respectively. We evaluated whether acute exercise may offset sleep restriction's impairment of long-term declarative memory compared to average sleep alone. A total of 92 (82% females) healthy young adults (24.6 ± 4.2 years) were randomly allocated to one of four evening groups: sleep restriction only (S5, 5-6 h/night), average sleep only (S8, 8-9 h/night), high-intensity interval training (HIIT) before restricted sleep (HIITS5), or HIIT before average sleep (HIITS8). Groups either followed a 15-min remote HIIT video or rest period in the evening (7:00 p.m.) prior to encoding 80 face-name pairs. Participants completed an immediate retrieval task in the evening. The next morning a delayed retrieval task was given after their subjectively documented sleep opportunities. Long-term declarative memory performance was assessed with the discriminability index (d') during the recall tasks. While our results showed that the d' of S8 (0.58 ± 1.37) was not significantly different from those of HIITS5 (-0.03 ± 1.64, p = 0.176) and HIITS8 (-0.20 ± 1.28, p = 0.092), there was a difference in d' compared to S5 (-0.35 ± 1.64, p = 0.038) at the delayed retrieval. These results suggest that the acute evening HIIT partially reduced the detrimental effects of sleep restriction on long-term declarative memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Frimpong
- Sleep, Cognition and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- PERFORM Center, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Melodee Mograss
- Sleep, Cognition and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- PERFORM Center, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tehila Zvionow
- Sleep, Cognition and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- PERFORM Center, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Arsenio Paez
- Sleep, Cognition and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- PERFORM Center, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mylene Aubertin-Leheudre
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département des Sciences de l’activité physique, GRAPA, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Louis Bherer
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine and Centre de recherche de l’Institut de cardiologie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Véronique Pepin
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- PERFORM Center, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche, CIUSSS du Nord-de l’Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Edwin M Robertson
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Thien Thanh Dang-Vu
- Sleep, Cognition and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- PERFORM Center, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, QC, Canada
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12
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Bloomberg M, Brocklebank L, Hamer M, Steptoe A. Joint associations of physical activity and sleep duration with cognitive ageing: longitudinal analysis of an English cohort study. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2023; 4:e345-e353. [PMID: 37421962 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity and sleep duration are key factors associated with cognitive function and dementia risk. How physical activity and sleep interact to influence cognitive ageing is not well explored. We aimed to examine the associations of combinations of physical activity and sleep duration with 10-year cognitive trajectories. METHODS In this longitudinal study, we analysed data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing collected between Jan 1, 2008, and July 31, 2019, with follow-up interviews every 2 years. Participants were cognitively healthy adults aged at least 50 years at baseline. Participants were asked about physical activity and nightly sleep duration at baseline. At each interview, episodic memory was assessed using immediate and delayed recall tasks and verbal fluency using an animal naming task; scores were standardised and averaged to produce a composite cognitive score. We used linear mixed models to examine independent and joint associations of physical activity (lower physical activity or higher physical activity, based on a score taking into account frequency and intensity of physical activity) and sleep duration (short [<6 h], optimal [6-8 h], or long [>8 h]) with cognitive performance at baseline, after 10 years of follow-up, and the rate of cognitive decline. FINDINGS We included 8958 respondents aged 50-95 years at baseline (median follow-up 10 years [IQR 2-10]). Lower physical activity and suboptimal sleep were independently associated with worse cognitive performance; short sleep was also associated with faster cognitive decline. At baseline, participants with higher physical activity and optimal sleep had higher cognitive scores than all combinations of lower physical activity and sleep categories (eg, difference between those with higher physical activity and optimal sleep vs those with lower physical activity and short sleep at baseline age 50 years was 0·14 SDs [95% CI 0·05-0·24]). We found no difference in baseline cognitive performance between sleep categories within the higher physical activity category. Those with higher physical activity and short sleep had faster rates of cognitive decline than those with higher physical activity and optimal sleep, such that their scores at 10 years were commensurate with those who reported low physical activity, regardless of sleep duration (eg, difference in cognitive performance after 10 years of follow-up between those with higher physical and optimal sleep and those with lower physical activity and short sleep was 0·20 SDs [0·08-0·33]; difference between those with higher physical activity and optimal sleep and those with lower physical activity and short sleep was 0·22 SDs [0·11-0·34]). INTERPRETATION The baseline cognitive benefit associated with more frequent, higher intensity physical activity was insufficient to ameliorate the more rapid cognitive decline associated with short sleep. Physical activity interventions should also consider sleep habits to maximise benefis of physical activity for long-term cognitive health. FUNDING UK Economic and Social Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela Bloomberg
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Laura Brocklebank
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Hamer
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
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13
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Festa F, Medori S, Macrì M. Move Your Body, Boost Your Brain: The Positive Impact of Physical Activity on Cognition across All Age Groups. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1765. [PMID: 37371860 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While the physical improvements from exercise have been well documented over the years, the impact of physical activity on mental health has recently become an object of interest. Physical exercise improves cognition, particularly attention, memory, and executive functions. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects have yet to be fully understood. Consequently, we conducted a narrative literature review concerning the association between acute and chronic physical activity and cognition to provide an overview of exercise-induced benefits during the lifetime of a person. Most previous papers mainly reported exercise-related greater expression of neurotransmitter and neurotrophic factors. Recently, structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques allowed for the detection of increased grey matter volumes for specific brain regions and substantial modifications in the default mode, frontoparietal, and dorsal attention networks following exercise. Here, we highlighted that physical activity induced significant changes in functional brain activation and cognitive performance in every age group and could counteract psychological disorders and neural decline. No particular age group gained better benefits from exercise, and a specific exercise type could generate better cognitive improvements for a selected target subject. Further research should develop appropriate intervention programs concerning age and comorbidity to achieve the most significant cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice Festa
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Silvia Medori
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Monica Macrì
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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14
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Qiu H, Liang X. Change in Sleep Latency as a Mediator of the Effect of Physical Activity Intervention on Executive Functions Among Children with ADHD: A Secondary Analysis from a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Autism Dev Disord 2023:10.1007/s10803-023-06018-2. [PMID: 37256478 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the potential mediating role of sleep quality in the effect of physical activity (PA) intervention for improving executive functions (EFs) in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Participants aged 6 to 12 years old with a formal ADHD diagnosis were recruited from a local hospital. A total of 80 eligible children with ADHD were randomized to an intervention group for 12 consecutive weeks of PA training (three times per week, 60 min per session) (n = 40; Mage = 8.37, 75% boys) or a wait-list control group (n = 40; Mage = 8.29, 80% boys). Three core EFs (inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility) were assessed by neurocognitive tasks, and sleep quality was measured by the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The bootstrapping method was used to test PA intervention effects on EFs and on potential variables of sleep quality after intervention and to test whether there were indirect effects of the intervention on EFs via mediators of sleep. The results showed that the PA intervention had a direct effect on sleep latency reduction (β = - 0.26, 95%CI - 0.47 to - 0.06) and cognitive flexibility improvement (decrease in completion time) (β = - 0.30, 95%CI - 0.50 to - 0.09). Furthermore, change in sleep latency significantly mediated the effects of PA intervention on cognitive flexibility (β = - 0.084, 95%CI - 0.252 to - 0.001). The findings suggest that sleep latency could be a crucial behavioral mediator of PA intervention in improving cognitive flexibility among children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qiu
- Department of Educational Administration and Policy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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15
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Falck RS, Davis JC, Khan KM, Handy TC, Liu-Ambrose T. A Wrinkle in Measuring Time Use for Cognitive Health: How should We Measure Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Sleep? Am J Lifestyle Med 2023; 17:258-275. [PMID: 36896037 PMCID: PMC9989499 DOI: 10.1177/15598276211031495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One new case of dementia is detected every 4 seconds and no effective drug therapy exists. Effective behavioural strategies to promote healthy cognitive ageing are thus essential. Three behaviours related to cognitive health which we all engage in daily are physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep. These time-use activity behaviours are linked to cognitive health in a complex and dynamic relationship not yet fully elucidated. Understanding how each of these behaviours is related to each other and cognitive health will help determine the most practical and effective lifestyle strategies for promoting healthy cognitive ageing. In this review, we discuss methods and analytical approaches to best investigate how these time-use activity behaviours are related to cognitive health. We highlight four key recommendations for examining these relationships such that researchers should include measures which (1) are psychometrically appropriate; (2) can specifically answer the research question; (3) include objective and subjective estimates of the behaviour and (4) choose an analytical method for modelling the relationships of time-use activity behaviours with cognitive health which is appropriate for their research question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S. Falck
- Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(RSF, TLA); Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(RSF, TLA); Center for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada(RSF, KMK, TLA); Faculty of Management, University of British Columbia–Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada(JCD); Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(KMK); Attentional Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(TCH)
| | - Jennifer C. Davis
- Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(RSF, TLA); Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(RSF, TLA); Center for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada(RSF, KMK, TLA); Faculty of Management, University of British Columbia–Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada(JCD); Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(KMK); Attentional Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(TCH)
| | - Karim M. Khan
- Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(RSF, TLA); Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(RSF, TLA); Center for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada(RSF, KMK, TLA); Faculty of Management, University of British Columbia–Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada(JCD); Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(KMK); Attentional Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(TCH)
| | - Todd C. Handy
- Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(RSF, TLA); Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(RSF, TLA); Center for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada(RSF, KMK, TLA); Faculty of Management, University of British Columbia–Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada(JCD); Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(KMK); Attentional Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(TCH)
| | - Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(RSF, TLA); Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(RSF, TLA); Center for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada(RSF, KMK, TLA); Faculty of Management, University of British Columbia–Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada(JCD); Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(KMK); Attentional Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(TCH)
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16
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The interaction between physical activity and sleep on cognitive function and brain beta-amyloid in older adults. Behav Brain Res 2023; 437:114108. [PMID: 36100010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle factors such as physical activity and optimal sleep are associated with better cognition and lower levels of Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers, including brain beta-amyloid (Aβ) burden. OBJECTIVE We utilised cross-sectional data from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study to determine whether self-reported physical activity (measured via the International Physical Activity Questionnaire) moderates the relationship between self-reported sleep (measured via the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), cognition, and brain Aβ. METHODS Participants were 349 community-dwelling cognitively normal older adults (75.3 ± 5.7 years), all of whom underwent comprehensive cognitive assessment. Data from a subset of participants (n = 201) were used for analyses with brain Aβ burden (measured by positron emission tomography) as the outcome. RESULT Physical activity moderated the relationship between sleep duration and episodic memory (β = -0.10, SE =0.03, p = .005), and sleep efficiency and episodic memory (β = -0.09, SE =0.04, p = .011), such that greater amounts of physical activity mitigated the impact of suboptimal sleep duration and efficiency on episodic memory. Physical activity also moderated the relationship between sleep duration and brain Aβ (β = -0.13, SE =0.06, p = .031), and overall sleep quality and brain Aβ (β = 0.13, SE =0.06, p = .027). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that physical activity may play an important role in the relationship between sleep and cognitive function, and brain Aβ.
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17
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Subjective and objective sleep quality does not predict behavioural episodic foresight in younger or older adults. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1056. [PMID: 36658258 PMCID: PMC9852464 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Episodic foresight refers to one's capacity to use imagined scenarios to guide future-directed behaviors. It is important in facilitating complex activities of daily living, such as managing finances. Broader literature shows that older adults perform more poorly on tests of episodic foresight relative to their younger counterparts. At the same time, age-related changes in sleep often contribute to age-related decline in other cognitive abilities known to support episodic foresight, such as memory. No study to date has tested whether sleep quality is associated with episodic foresight when it is measured behaviorally; or whether this relationship is moderated by age. To address this, in the present study healthy younger (n = 39) and older (n = 41) adults were asked to wear an actigraphy watch and self-report their sleep quality for seven nights. Participants then completed the virtual-week foresight task-a behavioral assessment of episodic foresight. Neither objective or subjective sleep quality predicted episodic foresight outcomes, and this was not moderated by age group. Bayesian analyses provided evidence in favour of the null hypotheses. These results suggest that sleep quality (at least in healthy adult populations) may not be linked to episodic foresight.
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18
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Gao X, Li C, Han B, Xu P, Qu C. The relationship between health belief and sleep quality of Chinese college students: The mediating role of physical activity and moderating effect of mobile phone addiction. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1108911. [PMID: 37124819 PMCID: PMC10133522 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1108911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Poor sleep quality has become a common health problem encountered by college students. Methods Health belief scale (HBS), physical activity rating scale (PARS-3), mobile phone addiction tendency scale (MPATS) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) were adopted to analyze the data collected from survey questionnaires, which were filled out by 1,019 college students (including 429 males and 590 females) from five comprehensive colleges and universities from March 2022 to April 2022. The data collected from survey questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS and its macro-program PROCESS. Results (1) Health belief, physical activity, mobile phone addiction and sleep quality are significantly associated with each other (P < 0.01); (2) physical activity plays a mediating role between health belief and sleep quality, and the mediating effects account for 14.77%; (3) mobile phone addiction can significantly moderate the effect size of health belief (β = 0.062, p < 0.05) and physical activity (β = 0.073, P < 0.05) on sleep quality, and significantly moderate the effect size of health belief on physical activity (β = -0.112, p < 0.001). Conclusion The health belief of college students can significantly improve their sleep quality; college students' health belief can not only improve their sleep quality directly, but also improve their sleep quality through physical activity; mobile phone addiction can significantly moderate the effect size of health belief on sleep quality, the effect size of health belief on physical activity, and the effect size of physical activity on sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchao Gao
- Physical Education Department, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
- Physical Education Department, Yuncheng Vocational and Technical University, Yuncheng, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Department of Basic Education, Henan Polytechnic, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Beining Han
- School of Physical Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Beining Han,
| | - Peng Xu
- School of Physical Education, Zhengzhou University of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chenxu Qu
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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19
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Verrall CE, Tran DL, Yang JYM, Lubans DR, Winlaw DS, Ayer J, Celermajer D, Cordina R. Exercise as therapy for neurodevelopmental and cognitive dysfunction in people with a Fontan circulation: A narrative review. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1111785. [PMID: 36861078 PMCID: PMC9969110 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1111785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
People with a Fontan circulation are at risk of neurodevelopmental delay and disability, and cognitive dysfunction, that has significant implications for academic and occupational attainment, psychosocial functioning, and overall quality of life. Interventions for improving these outcomes are lacking. This review article discusses current intervention practices and explores the evidence supporting exercise as a potential intervention for improving cognitive functioning in people living with a Fontan circulation. Proposed pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning these associations are discussed in the context of Fontan physiology and avenues for future research are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Elizabeth Verrall
- Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Derek Lee Tran
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joseph Yuan-Mou Yang
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Neuroscience Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Advanced Clinical Imaging Service (NACIS), Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Revalds Lubans
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - David Scott Winlaw
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Julian Ayer
- Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Celermajer
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rachael Cordina
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Heart Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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20
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Erickson ML, Allen JM, Beavers DP, Collins LM, Davidson KW, Erickson KI, Esser KA, Hesselink MKC, Moreau KL, Laber EB, Peterson CA, Peterson CM, Reusch JE, Thyfault JP, Youngstedt SD, Zierath JR, Goodpaster BH, LeBrasseur NK, Buford TW, Sparks LM. Understanding heterogeneity of responses to, and optimizing clinical efficacy of, exercise training in older adults: NIH NIA Workshop summary. GeroScience 2022; 45:569-589. [PMID: 36242693 PMCID: PMC9886780 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00668-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise is a cornerstone of preventive medicine and a promising strategy to intervene on the biology of aging. Variation in the response to exercise is a widely accepted concept that dates back to the 1980s with classic genetic studies identifying sequence variations as modifiers of the VO2max response to training. Since that time, the literature of exercise response variance has been populated with retrospective analyses of existing datasets that are limited by a lack of statistical power from technical error of the measurements and small sample sizes, as well as diffuse outcomes, very few of which have included older adults. Prospective studies that are appropriately designed to interrogate exercise response variation in key outcomes identified a priori and inclusive of individuals over the age of 70 are long overdue. Understanding the underlying intrinsic (e.g., genetics and epigenetics) and extrinsic (e.g., medication use, diet, chronic disease) factors that determine robust versus poor responses to various exercise factors will be used to improve exercise prescription to target the pillars of aging and optimize the clinical efficacy of exercise training in older adults. This review summarizes the proceedings of the NIA-sponsored workshop entitled, "Understanding Heterogeneity of Responses to, and Optimizing Clinical Efficacy of, Exercise Training in Older Adults" and highlights the importance and current state of exercise response variation research, particularly in older adults, prevailing challenges, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Erickson
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, 301 E Princeton St, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Jacob M Allen
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Daniel P Beavers
- Department of Statistical Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Linda M Collins
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karina W Davidson
- Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, 301 E Princeton St, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Matthijs K C Hesselink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Kerrie L Moreau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Eric B Laber
- Department of Statistical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Charlotte A Peterson
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Courtney M Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jane E Reusch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KN, USA
| | - Shawn D Youngstedt
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bret H Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, 301 E Princeton St, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Nathan K LeBrasseur
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Thomas W Buford
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1313 13th St. S., Birmingham, AL, 35244, USA.
- Birmingham/Atlanta VA GRECC, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Lauren M Sparks
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, 301 E Princeton St, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA.
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21
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Sun F, Zhang F, Ho KYF, Zhang B, Wang Z, Tse ACY. Physical Activity and Executive Functions in Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Sleepiness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12972. [PMID: 36232269 PMCID: PMC9565045 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Both physical activity and sleepiness were found to influence the development of executive functioning. The present study aimed to address the effects of different levels of physical activity on adolescents' executive performance (i.e., working memory and inhibition), and the role of sleepiness in this relationship. It was hypothesized that a higher level of physical activity would be associated with better executive functioning, while this relationship was mediated (at least partially) by reduced sleepiness at school. (2) Methods: 212 adolescents aged from 10 to 17 were recruited, and they were requested to wear accelerometers for seven consecutive days to measure daily levels of physical activity. The Cleveland Adolescent Sleepiness questionnaire (CASQ) was used to assess sleepiness. The working memory and inhibition control were assessed to indicate executive functioning. (3) Results: It was found that sedentary activity was negatively associated with working memory performance, while light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activities were related to better working memory. The relationship between different levels of physical activity and working memory was mediated by reduced sleepiness at school. (4) Conclusions: Our findings provide nuanced evidence that the benefits of light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on cognitive development could be explained by reduced sleepiness at school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Sun
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Karen Ying-Fung Ho
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Borui Zhang
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zixin Wang
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Andy Choi-Yeung Tse
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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22
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Pickersgill JW, Turco CV, Ramdeo K, Rehsi RS, Foglia SD, Nelson AJ. The Combined Influences of Exercise, Diet and Sleep on Neuroplasticity. Front Psychol 2022; 13:831819. [PMID: 35558719 PMCID: PMC9090458 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.831819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroplasticity refers to the brain’s ability to undergo structural and functional adaptations in response to experience, and this process is associated with learning, memory and improvements in cognitive function. The brain’s propensity for neuroplasticity is influenced by lifestyle factors including exercise, diet and sleep. This review gathers evidence from molecular, systems and behavioral neuroscience to explain how these three key lifestyle factors influence neuroplasticity alone and in combination with one another. This review collected results from human studies as well as animal models. This information will have implications for research, educational, fitness and neurorehabilitation settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia V Turco
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Karishma Ramdeo
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ravjot S Rehsi
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stevie D Foglia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Aimee J Nelson
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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23
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Sejbuk M, Mirończuk-Chodakowska I, Witkowska AM. Sleep Quality: A Narrative Review on Nutrition, Stimulants, and Physical Activity as Important Factors. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091912. [PMID: 35565879 PMCID: PMC9103473 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a cyclically occurring, transient, and functional state that is controlled primarily by neurobiological processes. Sleep disorders and insomnia are increasingly being diagnosed at all ages. These are risk factors for depression, mental disorders, coronary heart disease, metabolic syndrome, and/or high blood pressure. A number of factors can negatively affect sleep quality, including the use of stimulants, stress, anxiety, and the use of electronic devices before sleep. A growing body of evidence suggests that nutrition, physical activity, and sleep hygiene can significantly affect the quality of sleep. The aim of this review was to discuss the factors that can affect sleep quality, such as nutrition, stimulants, and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sejbuk
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-686-5088; Fax: +48-85-686-5089
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24
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Cheval B, Maltagliati S, Sieber S, Cullati S, Zou L, Ihle A, Kramer AF, Yu Q, Sander D, Boisgontier MP. Better Subjective Sleep Quality Partly Explains the Association Between Self-Reported Physical Activity and Better Cognitive Function. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:919-931. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-215484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: Physical activity has been associated with better cognitive function and better sleep quality. Yet, whether the beneficial effect of physical activity on cognitive function can be explained by an indirect pathway involving better sleep quality is unclear. Objective: To investigate whether sleep quality mediates the association between physical activity and cognitive function in adults 50 years of age or older. Methods: 86,541 community-dwelling European adults were included in the study. Physical activity and sleep quality were self-reported. Indicators of cognitive function (immediate recall, delayed recall, verbal fluency) were assessed using objective tests. All measures were collected six times between 2004 and 2017. The mediation was tested using multilevel mediation analyses. Results: Results showed that self-reported physical activity was associated with better self-reported sleep quality, which was associated with better performance in all three indicators of cognitive function, demonstrating an indirect effect of physical activity on cognitive function through sleep quality. The mediating effect of sleep quality accounted for 0.41%, 1.46%, and 8.88% of the total association of physical activity with verbal fluency, immediate recall, and delayed recall, respectively. Conclusion: These findings suggest that self-reported sleep quality partly mediates the association between self-reported physical activity and cognitive function. These results need to be confirmed by device-based data of physical activity and sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefan Sieber
- Swiss NCCR “LIVES – Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives”, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Cullati
- Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Readaptation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Liye Zou
- Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, Shenzhen University, China
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Andreas Ihle
- Swiss NCCR “LIVES – Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives”, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Cognitive Aging Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arthur F. Kramer
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Qian Yu
- Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, Shenzhen University, China
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, China
| | - David Sander
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu P. Boisgontier
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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25
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Chappel-Farley MG, Mander BA, Neikrug AB, Stehli A, Nan B, Grill JD, Yassa MA, Benca RM. Symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea are associated with less frequent exercise and worse subjective cognitive function across adulthood. Sleep 2022; 45:zsab240. [PMID: 34604910 PMCID: PMC8919199 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To determine whether subjective measures of exercise and sleep are associated with cognitive complaints and whether exercise effects are mediated by sleep. METHODS This study analyzed questionnaire data from adults (18-89) enrolled in a recruitment registry. The Cognitive Function Instrument (CFI) assessed cognitive complaints. Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale (MOS-SS) subscales and factor scores assessed sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, nighttime disturbance, and insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-like symptoms. Exercise frequency was defined as the weekly number of exercise sessions. Exercise frequency, MOS-SS subscales, and factor scores were examined as predictors of CFI score, adjusting for age, body mass index, education, sex, cancer diagnosis, antidepressant usage, psychiatric conditions, and medical comorbidities. Analyses of covariance examined the relationship between sleep duration groups (short, mid-range, and long) and CFI score, adjusting for covariates. Mediation by sleep in the exercise-CFI score relationship was tested. RESULTS Data from 2106 adults were analyzed. Exercise and MOS-SS subscales and factor scores were associated with CFI score. Higher Sleep Adequacy scores were associated with fewer cognitive complaints, whereas higher Sleep Somnolence, Sleep Disturbance, Sleep Problems Index I, Sleep Problems Index II, and factor scores were associated with more cognitive complaints. MOS-SS subscales and factor scores, except Sleep Disturbance and the insomnia factor score, mediated the association between exercise and cognitive complaints. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between exercise frequency and subjective cognitive performance is mediated by sleep. In particular, the mediation effect appears to be driven by symptoms possibly suggestive of OSA which are negatively associated with exercise engagement, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and subjective cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda G Chappel-Farley
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Bryce A Mander
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ariel B Neikrug
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Annamarie Stehli
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Bin Nan
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Joshua D Grill
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Yassa
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ruth M Benca
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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26
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Kuhn T, Heisz J. Cardiorespiratory Fitness May Protect Memory for Poorer Sleepers. Front Psychol 2022; 13:793875. [PMID: 35250729 PMCID: PMC8892568 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.793875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physical activity has been shown to protect executive functions against the deleterious effects of poorer sleep among older adults (OA); however, it is unknown whether memory is protected too, and if this relationship differs by age. The present study investigated the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness, sleep, and memory in both older and young adults (YA). METHODS This observational study recruited 26 OA (70.7 ± 2.8 years) and 35 YA (21.0 ± 3.1 years). Participants completed the Rockport 1-mile walk test to evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness. Participants wore an actigraph for 1 week to measure habitual sleep and returned for a second visit to perform the memory tests. The interaction between cardiorespiratory fitness and sleep to predict memory was assessed separately in OA and YA. RESULTS In OA, cardiorespiratory fitness significantly moderated the relationship between memory and sleep quality, specifically number of nighttime awakenings, sleep efficiency, and wake after sleep onset. Further analyses reveal that a high number of nighttime awakenings and low sleep efficiency significantly predicted worse memory performance in the low fit OA, but high fit OA. Notably, every nighttime awakening was associated with a nearly 4% decrease in memory in low fit OA, but not high fit OA. Wake after sleep onset did not significantly predict memory in either fitness group. No interaction was found when looking at sleep duration or self-report sleep quality in OA and no significant interactions were observed between fitness, sleep, and memory in YA. CONCLUSION Overall, the results suggest that cardiorespiratory fitness may act as a protective buffer for memory in OA with poor sleep quality. These same was not true for YA suggesting that the protective effects of cardiorespiratory fitness on sleep-related memory impairments may be age specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Kuhn
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Heisz
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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27
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Liang X, Li R, Wong SHS, Sum RKW, Wang P, Yang B, Sit CHP. Physical Activity and Executive Function in Children With ADHD: The Mediating Role of Sleep. Front Pediatr 2022; 9:775589. [PMID: 35127588 PMCID: PMC8813634 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.775589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the mediating role of sleep in the relationship between physical activity and executive function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Fifty-six children with ADHD were recruited from Shenzhen Children's Hospital. Participants wore an accelerometer for seven consecutive days to measure physical activity and sleep quality. Activity counts were analyzed to measure moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Four sleep parameters, including sleep latency (SL), sleep efficiency, total sleep time, and wake after sleep onset were recorded from the actigraph. Three core executive functions, inhibitory control; working memory (WM); and cognitive flexibility (CF), were assessed from computer-based tasks: the flanker task, and the Tower of London and Trail Making Tests, respectively. The regression results showed that MVPA was negatively associated with SL (-0.169; 95%CI [-0.244, -0.112]). WM (total scores) was positively related to MVPA (0.028, 95%CI [0.008, 0.048]), but negatively related to SL (-0.105, 95%CI [-0.167, -0.030]). CF (part B errors) was negatively associated with MVPA (-0.031, 95%CI [-0.055, -0.005]) and positively correlated with SL (0.184, 95%CI [0.092, -0.260]). The indirect effect of SL was found for MVPA and WM (0.018, 95%CI [0.015, 0.034]), supporting the indirect partial mediation. Similarly, the indirect effect of SL was found between MVPA and CF (-0.031, 95%CI [-0.060, -0.012]), supporting the indirect partial mediation. The mediating role of SL in children with ADHD suggests that the intensity of physical activity plays a key role in linking sleep quality and executive function in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ru Li
- The Faculty of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Stephen H. S. Wong
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Raymond K. W. Sum
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Binrang Yang
- Children's Healthcare & Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cindy H. P. Sit
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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28
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How are combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep related to cognitive function in older adults? A systematic review. Exp Gerontol 2022; 159:111698. [PMID: 35026335 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The relationships between cognitive function and each of physical activity, sleep and sedentary behaviour in older adults are well documented. However, these three "time use" behaviours are co-dependent parts of the 24-hour day (spending time in one leaves less time for the others), and their best balance for cognitive function in older adults is still largely unknown. This systematic review summarises the existing evidence on the associations between combinations of two or more time-use behaviours and cognitive function in older adults. Embase, Pubmed, PsycInfo, Medline and Emcare databases were searched in March 2020 and updated in May 2021, returning a total of 25,289 papers for screening. A total of 23 studies were included in the synthesis, spanning >23,000 participants (mean age 71 years). Findings support previous evidence that spending more time in physical activity and limiting sedentary behaviour is broadly associated with better cognitive outcomes in older adults. Higher proportions of moderate-vigorous physical activity in the day were most frequently associated with better cognitive function. Some evidence suggests that certain types of sedentary behaviour may be positively associated with cognitive function, such as reading or computer use. Sleep duration appears to share an inverted U-shaped relationship with cognition, as too much or too little sleep is negatively associated with cognitive function. This review highlights considerable heterogeneity in methodological and statistical approaches, and encourages a more standardised, transparent approach to capturing important daily behaviours in older adults. Investigating all three time-use behaviours together against cognitive function using suitable statistical methodology is strongly recommended to further our understanding of optimal 24-hour time-use for brain function in aging.
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29
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Gerten S, Engeroff T, Fleckenstein J, Füzéki E, Matura S, Pilatus U, Vogt L, Pantel J, Banzer W. Deducing the Impact of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Physical Performance on Cognitive Function in Healthy Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:777490. [PMID: 35069177 PMCID: PMC8769503 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.777490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Participating in physical activity and maintaining physical performance as well as reducing sedentary behavior are discussed to be beneficially associated with cognitive function in older adults. The purpose of this cross-sectional analysis was to differentiate the relevance of objectively measured physical activity, physical performance, and sedentary behavior on cognitive function in healthy older adults (n = 56, age = 76 ± 7 yrs, gender = 30 female). Methods: Accelerometer based physical activity and sedentary behavior were analyzed as minutes per week spent sedentary and physically active with light or moderate to vigorous intensity. Participants' physical performance was assessed via cardiopulmonary exercise testing and analyzed as maximal workload and heart rate, heart rate reserve and peak oxygen uptake. The assessment of cognitive function included working memory, attention, executive function, and verbal memory. Data was analyzed with Spearman and partial correlations. Trial registration: NCT02343029. Results: Light physical activity was moderately associated with executive function (r = −0.339, p = 0.015). Attention was significantly associated with maximal workload (r = −0.286, p = 0.042) and peak oxygen uptake (r = −0.337, p = 0.015). Working memory was associated with maximal workload (r = 0.329, p = 0.017). Conclusion: Whereas a broad range of cognitive function were beneficially linked to physical performance, light intensity activities in particular showed an impact on executive function. Our research underlines the need to separate the impact of physical performance and physical activity on cognitive function and highlights the relevance of light physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Gerten
- Faculty of Psychology and Sport Science, Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Faculty of Psychology and Sport Science, Neurocognition and Action – Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Sports Sciences, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Center of Excellence “Cognitive Interaction Technology”, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- *Correspondence: Sina Gerten
| | - Tobias Engeroff
- Division Health and Performance, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty 16, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Johannes Fleckenstein
- Faculty of Psychology and Sport Science, Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Eszter Füzéki
- Faculty of Psychology and Sport Science, Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Silke Matura
- Institute of General Practice, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pilatus
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lutz Vogt
- Faculty of Psychology and Sport Science, Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Johannes Pantel
- Institute of General Practice, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Winfried Banzer
- Faculty of Psychology and Sport Science, Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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30
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Gunst M, De Meyere I, Willems H, Schoenmakers B. Effect of exergaming on wellbeing of residents in a nursing home: a single blinded intervention study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:151-157. [PMID: 34156650 PMCID: PMC8794998 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-01903-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction To improve the quality of life in nursing homes, meaningful activities and social contact are indispensable. Exergames can play a role addressing these needs. Methods In a randomized single blinded controlled intervention study, we investigated the effect of playing exergames on general wellbeing, fun and on social interaction. Results Thirty-five residents participated: 18 residents took part in the intervention group and 17 in the control group. The median mental wellbeing score of the intervention group increased from 42/50 to 45. The median sleep score of the intervention increased from 23/30 to 28. The median pain score of the intervention group improved from 18/20 to 20. The median score on subjective cognition increased from 24/30 to 26 while the mean scores on the objective assessment decreased from 1.8/2 to 1.7. Coaches gave an average fun score of 8.9/10 and an average intensity of exercise score of 11.6/20. Residents and coaches appreciated the social contact. Coaches reported a high feasibility (average of 4.1/5) but a low accessibility and a high intensity of supervision. Conclusions Exergaming is a feasible and pleasant complement to the usual activities with a positive impact on wellbeing, sleep, pain, and perceived cognition. Future research should focus on vulnerable groups and aim to develop a study in an implementation design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Gunst
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 7001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle De Meyere
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 7001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannah Willems
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 7001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Birgitte Schoenmakers
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 7001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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31
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De Looze C, Feeney JC, Scarlett S, Hirst R, Knight SP, Carey D, Meaney JF, Kenny RA. Sleep duration, sleep problems and perceived stress are associated with hippocampal subfield volumes in later life: Findings from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). Sleep 2021; 45:6374891. [PMID: 34558630 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES This study examines the cross-sectional and two-year follow-up relationships between sleep and stress and total hippocampal volume and hippocampal subfield volumes among older adults. METHODS 417 adults (aged 68.8±7.3; 54% women) from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing completed an interview, a questionnaire and multiparametric brain MRI. The relationships between self-reported sleep duration, sleep problems, perceived stress and total hippocampal volume were examined by using ordinary least squares regressions. Linear mixed-effects models were used to investigate the relationships between sleep duration, sleep problems, perceived stress, changes in these measures over two-years and hippocampal subfield volumes. RESULTS No cross-sectional and follow-up associations between sleep and total hippocampal volume and between stress and total hippocampal volume were found. By contrast, Long sleep (≥9-10 hours / night) was associated with smaller volumes of molecular layer, hippocampal tail, presubiculum and subiculum. The co-occurrence of Short sleep (≤6 hours) and perceived stress was associated with smaller cornu ammonis 1, molecular layer, subiculum and tail. Sleep problems independently and in conjunction with higher stress, and increase in sleep problems over 2 years were associated with smaller volumes of these same subfields. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the importance of concurrently assessing sub-optimal sleep and stress for phenotyping individuals at risk of hippocampal subfield atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline De Looze
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joanne C Feeney
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhan Scarlett
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rebecca Hirst
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Silvin P Knight
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel Carey
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - James F Meaney
- The National Centre for Advanced Medical Imaging (CAMI), St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rose Anne Kenny
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.,Mercer's Institute for Successful Ageing (MISA), St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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32
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Sewell KR, Erickson KI, Rainey-Smith SR, Peiffer JJ, Sohrabi HR, Brown BM. Relationships between physical activity, sleep and cognitive function: A narrative review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 130:369-378. [PMID: 34506842 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity and exercise can improve cognitive function and reduce the risk for dementia. Other lifestyle factors, including sleep, are associated with cognitive function and dementia risk, and exercise is an effective therapeutic strategy for improving sleep. Based on these associations, it has been hypothesised that sleep might be an important mediator for the effects of exercise on cognition. Here, we review the current literature to evaluate whether sleep and physical activity are independently or jointly associated with cognitive function. The extant literature in this area is minimal, and the causal relationships between physical activity, sleep and cognition have not been examined. A small number of cross-sectional studies in this area suggest that physical activity may attenuate some of the negative impact that poor sleep has on cognition, and also that sleep may be a mechanism through which physical activity improves cognitive abilities. Further research may enable the development of individually tailored intervention programs to result in the greatest cognitive benefit, ultimately delaying the onset of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey R Sewell
- Discipline of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, Australia.
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Discipline of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, Australia; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, PA, United States
| | - Stephanie R Rainey-Smith
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, 8 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Centre For Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, Australia; School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Jeremiah J Peiffer
- Discipline of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, Australia; Centre For Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Hamid R Sohrabi
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, 8 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Centre For Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Balaclava Road, NSW, Australia
| | - Belinda M Brown
- Discipline of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, Australia; Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, 8 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Centre For Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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33
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Lu S, Herold F, Zhang Y, Lei Y, Kramer AF, Jiao C, Yu Q, Doig S, Li J, Yan Z, Kuang J, Wang T, Zou L. Higher Handgrip Strength Is Linked to Better Cognitive Performance in Chinese Adults with Hypertension. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11080985. [PMID: 34439604 PMCID: PMC8391417 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11080985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: There is growing evidence that in adults, higher levels of handgrip strength (HGS) are linked to better cognitive performance. However, the relationship between HGS and cognitive performance has not been sufficiently investigated in special cohorts, such as individuals with hypertension who have an intrinsically higher risk of cognitive decline. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between HGS and cognitive performance in adults with hypertension using data from the Global Ageing and Adult Health Survey (SAGE). Methods: A total of 4486 Chinese adults with hypertension from the SAGE were included in this study. Absolute handgrip strength (aHGS in kilograms) was measured using a handheld electronic dynamometer, and cognitive performance was assessed in the domains of short-term memory, delayed memory, and language ability. Multiple linear regression models were fitted to examine the association between relative handgrip strength (rHGS; aHGS divided by body mass index) and measures of cognitive performance. Results: Overall, higher levels of rHGS were associated with higher scores in short-term memory (β = 0.20) and language (β = 0.63) compared with the lowest tertiles of rHGS. In male participants, higher HGS was associated with higher scores in short-term memory (β = 0.31), language (β = 0.64), and delayed memory (β = 0.22). There were no associations between rHGS and cognitive performance measures in females. Conclusion: We observed that a higher level of rHGS was associated with better cognitive performance among hypertensive male individuals. Further studies are needed to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms, including sex-specific differences driving the relationship between measures of HGS and cognitive performance in individuals with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Lu
- Hunan Academy of Education Sciences, Changsha 225002, China;
- College of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Fabian Herold
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Physical Education Unit, School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuruo Lei
- Institute of Urban Governance, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Arthur F. Kramer
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Can Jiao
- Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (C.J.); (Q.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (J.K.); (T.W.); (L.Z.)
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (C.J.); (Q.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (J.K.); (T.W.); (L.Z.)
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Scott Doig
- Department of Physical Education, Limestone University, Gaffney, SC 29340, USA;
| | - Jinming Li
- Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (C.J.); (Q.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (J.K.); (T.W.); (L.Z.)
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhe Yan
- Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (C.J.); (Q.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (J.K.); (T.W.); (L.Z.)
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jin Kuang
- Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (C.J.); (Q.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (J.K.); (T.W.); (L.Z.)
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (C.J.); (Q.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (J.K.); (T.W.); (L.Z.)
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Liye Zou
- Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (C.J.); (Q.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (J.K.); (T.W.); (L.Z.)
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Lemes V, Gaya AR, Sadarangani KP, Aguilar-Farias N, Rodriguez-Rodriguez F, Martins CMDL, Fochesatto C, Cristi-Montero C. Physical Fitness Plays a Crucial Mediator Role in Relationships Among Personal, Social, and Lifestyle Factors With Adolescents' Cognitive Performance in a Structural Equation Model. The Cogni-Action Project. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:656916. [PMID: 34195161 PMCID: PMC8236613 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.656916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The beneficial relationship between physical fitness and cognitive performance is affected and modulated by a wide diversity of factors that seem to be more sensitive during the development stage, particularly during early adolescence. This study aimed to examine the role of physical fitness considering the multivariate association between age, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), school vulnerability index (SVI), body mass index z-score (BMIz), physical activity, and sleep problems with the cognitive performance in boys and girls. Method: Participants were 1,196 adolescents aged 10-14 years (50.7% of boys) from Chile. Three physical fitness components and eight cognitive tasks were measured. BMIz was determined using growth references by age and sex, whereas questionaries were used to assess sleep problems, physical activity, and HRQOL. SVI was established according to the score given by the Chilean Government to educational establishments. We performed a structural equation model (SEM) to test multivariate associations among study' variables by sex. Results: Fitness was positively associated with boys' and girls' cognitive performance (β = 0.23 and β = 0.17; p = 0.001, respectively). Moreover, fitness presented a significant mediator role in the relationships between BMIz, SVI, and physical activity with cognitive performance (indirect effect). Additionally, SVI showed a negative association both direct and indirect effect in all three fitness components and all cognitive tasks, being this relationship stronger in girls than in boys. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that physical fitness and all its components play a crucial mediator role in the associations between several factors associated with adolescents' cognitive performance. Thereby, educational and health strategies should prioritise improving physical fitness through physical activity. They also should address other factors such as school vulnerability, obesity, and the early gender gap in a comprehensive approach boosting cognitive performance among early adolescents. Trial registration: Research Registry (ID: researchregistry5791).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanilson Lemes
- Projeto Esporte Brasil – PROESP-Br, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Secretaria de Estado da Educação de Santa Catarina – SED-SC, EEB Gracinda Augusta Machado, Imbituba, Brazil
| | - Anelise R. Gaya
- Projeto Esporte Brasil – PROESP-Br, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Kabir P. Sadarangani
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Chile
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud y Odontología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports, and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | | | - Clarice Maria de Lucena Martins
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure - CIAFEL, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
- Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Camila Fochesatto
- Projeto Esporte Brasil – PROESP-Br, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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35
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Physical Activity and Inhibitory Control: The Mediating Role of Sleep Quality and Sleep Efficiency. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11050664. [PMID: 34069547 PMCID: PMC8160741 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: the current study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity (PA) level and inhibitory control performance and then to determine whether this association was mediated by multiple sleep parameters (i.e., subjective sleep quality, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and sleep disturbance). Methods: 180 healthy university students (age: 20.15 ± 1.92 years) from the East China Normal University were recruited for the present study. PA level, sleep parameters, and inhibitory control performance were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale (PSQI), and a Stroop test, respectively. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results: A higher level of PA was linked to better cognitive performance. Furthermore, higher subjective sleep quality and sleep efficiency were associated with better inhibitory control performance. The mediation analysis revealed that subjective sleep quality and sleep efficiency mediated the relationship between PA level and inhibitory control performance. Conclusion: our results are in accordance with the literature and buttress the idea that a healthy lifestyle that involves a relatively high level of regular PA and adequate sleep patterns is beneficial for cognition (e.g., inhibitory control performance). Furthermore, our study adds to the literature that sleep quality and sleep efficiency mediates the relationship between PA and inhibitory control performance, expanding our knowledge in the field of exercise cognition.
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36
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Mograss M, Crosetta M, Abi-Jaoude J, Frolova E, Robertson EM, Pepin V, Dang-Vu TT. Exercising before a nap benefits memory better than napping or exercising alone. Sleep 2021; 43:5814272. [PMID: 32236442 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep leads to the enhancement of memory, and physical exercise also improves memory along with beneficial effects on sleep quality. Potentially, sleep and exercise may operate independently upon memory; alternatively, they may operate synergistically to boost memory above and beyond exercise or sleep alone. We tested this hypothesis in 115 young healthy adults (23 ± 3.9 years) randomly allocated to one of the four conditions in a 2 (exercise vs. no exercise) × 2 (nap vs. no nap) design. The exercise intervention consisted of a 40-minute, moderate intensity cycling, while the no exercise condition was an equivalent period of rest. This was followed by a learning session in which participants memorized a set of 45 neutral pictures for a later test. Subsequently, participants were exposed to either a 60-minute sleep period (nap) or an equivalent time of resting wakefulness, followed by a visual recognition test. We found a significant interaction between the effects of exercise and nap (p = 0.014, η p2 = 0.053), without significant main effects of exercise or nap conditions. Participants who experienced both exercise plus nap were significantly more accurate (83.8 ± 2.9) than those who only napped (81.1 ± 5.4, p = 0.027) and those who only exercised (78.6 ± 10.3, p = 0.012). Within the combined nap plus exercise group, higher recognition accuracies were associated with higher sleep spindle densities (r = 0.46, p = 0.015). Our results demonstrate that short-term exercise and a nap improve recognition memory over a nap or exercise alone. Exercise and sleep are not independent factors operating separately upon memory but work together to enhance long-term memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melodee Mograss
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Monica Crosetta
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Joanne Abi-Jaoude
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elizaveta Frolova
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Edwin M Robertson
- Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Veronique Pepin
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Thien Thanh Dang-Vu
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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37
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Castells-Sánchez A, Roig-Coll F, Dacosta-Aguayo R, Lamonja-Vicente N, Sawicka AK, Torán-Monserrat P, Pera G, Montero-Alía P, Heras-Tebar A, Domènech S, Via M, Erickson KI, Mataró M. Exercise and Fitness Neuroprotective Effects: Molecular, Brain Volume and Psychological Correlates and Their Mediating Role in Healthy Late-Middle-Aged Women and Men. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:615247. [PMID: 33776741 PMCID: PMC7989549 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.615247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although exercise is known to have a neuroprotective effect in aging, the mediators underlying the exercise-cognition association remain poorly understood. In this paper we aimed to study the molecular, brain, and behavioral changes related to physical activity and their potential role as mediators. Methods: We obtained demographic, physical activity outcomes [sportive physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF)], plasma biomarkers (TNF-α, ICAM-1, HGF, SDF1-α, and BDNF), structural-MRI (brain volume areas), psychological and sleep health (mood, depressive and distress symptoms, and sleep quality), and multi-domain cognitive data from 115 adults aged 50-70 years. We conducted linear regression models and mediation analyses stratifying results by sex in a final sample of 104 individuals [65 women (age = 56.75 ± 4.96) and 39 men (age = 58.59 ± 5.86)]. Results: Women engaging in greater amounts of exercising showed lower TNF-α levels and greater dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and temporal lobe volumes. Men engaging in greater amounts of exercise showed greater temporal lobe volumes. CRF levels were not related to any of the analyzed outcomes in women but in men higher CRF was associated with lower TNF-α, HGF and ventricle volumes, greater volume of temporal and parietal lobes and fewer depressive symptoms and better mood. In men, reduced TNF-α and HGF levels mediated brain and cognitive CRF-related benefits. Conclusion: Our results show that exercise is a promising approach for influencing inflammation and brain volume and also contributes to ongoing discussions about the physiological mediators for the association between CRF and cognition in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Castells-Sánchez
- Departament of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Roig-Coll
- Departament of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosalia Dacosta-Aguayo
- Departament of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemí Lamonja-Vicente
- Departament of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Angelika K Sawicka
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Pere Torán-Monserrat
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mataró, Spain
| | - Guillem Pera
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mataró, Spain
| | - Pilar Montero-Alía
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mataró, Spain
| | - Antonio Heras-Tebar
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mataró, Spain
| | - Sira Domènech
- Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Via
- Departament of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Maria Mataró
- Departament of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
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38
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Wang L, Wu B, Tao H, Chai N, Zhao X, Zhen X, Zhou X. Effects and mediating mechanisms of a structured limbs-exercise program on general cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud 2020; 110:103706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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39
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Stillman CM, Esteban-Cornejo I, Brown B, Bender CM, Erickson KI. Effects of Exercise on Brain and Cognition Across Age Groups and Health States. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:533-543. [PMID: 32409017 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Exercise has been shown to benefit brain structure and function, particularly in aging populations. However, the mechanisms by which exercise exerts its effects, especially in humans, are not fully understood. This review argues that one reason for this knowledge gap is that exercise likely operates through multiple levels of mechanisms. Furthermore, the mechanisms of exercise may vary depending on factors such as age and health state. We discuss the state of evidence at each of three levels of analysis (molecular/cellular, brain structure/function, and mental states and higher-order behaviors) and highlight consistencies across these levels, inconsistencies within them, and knowledge gaps. Lastly, based on these, we speculate about which mechanisms of exercise may be universal across age groups and populations versus those that might be distinct to specific age ranges or populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Esteban-Cornejo
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Belinda Brown
- College of Science, Health, Engineering, and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; College of Science, Health, Engineering, and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
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40
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Sauvet F, Arnal PJ, Tardo-Dino PE, Drogou C, Van Beers P, Erblang M, Guillard M, Rabat A, Malgoyre A, Bourrilhon C, Léger D, Gomez-Mérino D, Chennaoui M. Beneficial effects of exercise training on cognitive performances during total sleep deprivation in healthy subjects. Sleep Med 2019; 65:26-35. [PMID: 31706189 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exercise training has been shown to improve learning and memory, and to protect against the negative impact of sleep deprivation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of seven weeks of moderate- and high-intensity interval exercise training on vigilance/sustained attention, inhibition processes and working memory during 40-h total sleep deprivation (TSD) in 16 healthy young men. METHODS The subjects were evaluated before (Baseline, BAS) and during TSD, and the day after a night of recovery sleep (Recovery, REC). RESULTS Exercise training significantly decreased errors and increased speed assessed by the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) during TSD and REC while no difference was found in executive inhibition (Go-noGo task) and working memory (2-Back task) performances. The multiple sleep latency test results were higher during BAS and REC at Post-exercise training, and no difference occurred in subjective sleepiness and daytime microsleeps over the 40-h TSD. The PVT speed was positively correlated with maximal oxygen consumption and maximal aerobic power measured before entry in the in-laboratory TSD protocol, and stage 3 sleep duration measured during the first night in the in-laboratory TSD protocol (N-1). Exercise training effects on sleep were found during the night recovery with lower stage-3 sleep and higher rapid eye movement (REM) sleep durations. An exercise training effect was also found on free insulin-like growth factor I levels with lower levels during TSD at Post-exercise training. CONCLUSIONS In healthy young men, exercise training reduced sleep pressure at baseline and protected against sustained attention deficits induced by TSD with persistent effect after one night of recovery sleep. Nevertheless, exercise training was not effective in reducing deficits in executive inhibition and working memory induced by TSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Sauvet
- Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; EA 7330 VIFASOM, Université de Paris, France.
| | - Pierrick J Arnal
- Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; EA 7330 VIFASOM, Université de Paris, France; Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Exercice, Université de Lyon, Saint Etienne, France
| | | | - Catherine Drogou
- Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; EA 7330 VIFASOM, Université de Paris, France
| | - Pascal Van Beers
- Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; EA 7330 VIFASOM, Université de Paris, France
| | - Mégane Erblang
- Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; EA 7330 VIFASOM, Université de Paris, France
| | - Mathias Guillard
- Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; EA 7330 VIFASOM, Université de Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Rabat
- Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; EA 7330 VIFASOM, Université de Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Malgoyre
- Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Cyprien Bourrilhon
- Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Damien Léger
- EA 7330 VIFASOM, Université de Paris, France; APHP, Hôtel Dieu, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Paris, France
| | - Danielle Gomez-Mérino
- Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; EA 7330 VIFASOM, Université de Paris, France
| | - Mounir Chennaoui
- Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; EA 7330 VIFASOM, Université de Paris, France
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Falck RS, Best JR, Davis JC, Liu-Ambrose T. The Independent Associations of Physical Activity and Sleep with Cognitive Function in Older Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 63:1469-1484. [PMID: 29782311 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current evidence suggests physical activity (PA) and sleep are important for cognitive health; however, few studies examining the role of PA and sleep for cognitive health have measured these behaviors objectively. OBJECTIVE We cross-sectionally examined whether 1) higher PA is associated with better cognitive performance independently of sleep quality; 2) higher sleep quality is associated with better cognitive performance independently of PA; and 3) whether higher PA is associated with better sleep quality. METHODS We measured PA, subjective sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and objective sleep quality (i.e., fragmentation, efficiency, duration, and latency) using the MotionWatch8© in community-dwelling adults (N = 137; aged 55+). Cognitive function was indexed using the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Plus. Correlation analyses were performed to determine relationships between PA, sleep quality, and cognitive function. We then used latent variable modelling to examine the relationships of PA with cognitive function independently of sleep quality, sleep quality with cognitive function independently of PA, and PA with sleep quality. RESULTS We found greater PA was associated with better cognitive performance independently of 1) PSQI (β= -0.03; p < 0.01); 2) sleep fragmentation (β= -0.02; p < 0.01); 3) sleep duration (β= -0.02; p < 0.01); and 4) sleep latency (β= -0.02; p < 0.01). In addition, better sleep efficiency was associated with better cognitive performance independently of PA (β= -0.01; p = 0.04). We did not find any associations between PA and sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS PA is associated with better cognitive performance independently of sleep quality, and sleep efficiency is associated with better cognitive performance independently of PA. However, PA is not associated with sleep quality and thus PA and sleep quality may be related to cognitive performance through independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Falck
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John R Best
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer C Davis
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Law LL, Sprecher KE, Dougherty RJ, Edwards DF, Koscik RL, Gallagher CL, Carlsson CM, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Asthana S, Sager MA, Hermann BP, Johnson SC, Cook DB, Bendlin BB, Okonkwo OC. Cardiorespiratory Fitness Modifies Influence of Sleep Problems on Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in an At-Risk Cohort. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 69:111-121. [PMID: 30958346 PMCID: PMC6675618 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies indicate that cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and sleep are each favorably associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology, including reduced amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau pathology. However, few studies have examined CRF and sleep in the same analysis. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between sleep and core AD cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers among at-risk healthy late-middle-aged adults and determine whether CRF modifies this association. METHODS Seventy-four adults (age = 64.38±5.48, 68.9% female) from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention participated. Sleep was evaluated using the Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale, specifically the Sleep Problems Index I (SPI), which incorporates domains of sleep disturbance, somnolence, sleep adequacy, and shortness of breath. Higher scores indicate greater sleep problems. To assess CRF, participants underwent a graded exercise test. CSF was collected via lumbar puncture, from which Aβ42, total-tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated-tau (p-tau) were immunoassayed. Regression analyses examined the association between SPI and CSF biomarkers, and the interaction between SPI and CRF on these same biomarkers, adjusting for relevant covariates. RESULTS Higher SPI scores were associated with greater p-tau (p = 0.027) and higher t-tau/Aβ42 (p = 0.021) and p-tau/Aβ42 (p = 0.009) ratios. Analyses revealed significant SPI*CRF interactions for t-tau (p = 0.016), p-tau (p = 0.008), and p-tau/Aβ42 (p = 0.041); with a trend for t-tau/Aβ42 (p = 0.061). Specifically, the relationship between poorer sleep and these biomarkers was significant among less fit individuals, but not among those who were more fit. CONCLUSION In a late-middle-aged at-risk cohort, CRF attenuated the association between poor sleep and levels of select CSF biomarkers. This suggests fitness may play an important role in preventing AD by protecting against pathology, even in impaired sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena L. Law
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705 USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792 USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705 USA
| | - Kate E. Sprecher
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705 USA
- Wisconsin Center for Sleep Medicine and Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53719 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705 USA
| | - Ryan J. Dougherty
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Education, Madison, WI 53792 USA
| | - Dorothy F. Edwards
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792 USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705 USA
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Education, Madison, WI 53792 USA
| | - Rebecca L. Koscik
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705 USA
| | - Catherine L. Gallagher
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705 USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792 USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, WI 53705 USA
| | - Cynthia M. Carlsson
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705 USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792 USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705 USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792 USA
| | - Mark A. Sager
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792 USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705 USA
| | - Bruce P. Hermann
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792 USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705 USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, WI 53705 USA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705 USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792 USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705 USA
| | - Dane B. Cook
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Education, Madison, WI 53792 USA
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705 USA
| | - Barbara B. Bendlin
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705 USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792 USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705 USA
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705 USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792 USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705 USA
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Ho S, Gooderham GK, Handy TC. Self-reported free-living physical activity and executive control in young adults. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209616. [PMID: 30586447 PMCID: PMC6306224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To what extent do our free-living physical activity (PA) levels impact our cognition? For example, if we engage in more intense PA from one week to the next, does this have a corresponding influence on cognitive performance? Across three studies, young adults completed a validated self-report questionnaire (the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, or IPAQ) assessing their involvement in PA at low, moderate, and vigorous intensities over the past week, as well as computer-based measures of executive control and attentional function. In Experiment 1 we found no significant effect of PA intensity on any of our measures of executive control. In a pair of follow-up control studies we examined whether these null findings could be attributed to testing fatigue and task complexity (Experiment 2), or low cognitive demands of the task (Experiment 3). Despite simplifying the task, reducing testing time, and increasing the cognitive load of the task, we still found no significant impact of weekly PA intensity on our measures of executive control. Taken together, our results show that self-reported PA over the past week, at any intensity level, does not appear to have a substantive impact on executive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ho
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - G. Kyle Gooderham
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Todd C. Handy
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Guadagni V, Clark CM, Tyndall A, Raneri JK, Parboosingh JS, Hogan DB, Hanly PJ, Poulin MJ. Effects of Six-Month Aerobic Exercise Intervention on Sleep in Healthy Older Adults in the Brain in Motion Study: A Pilot Study. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2018; 2:229-238. [PMID: 30599044 PMCID: PMC6311349 DOI: 10.3233/adr-180079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep disturbances have been shown to be associated with the presence of the apolipoprotein (APOE) ɛ4 allele, the well-known genetic risk factor for late-onset sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective This study quantifies the effects of a six-month aerobic exercise intervention on objective and subjective sleep quality in middle-aged to older individuals including those at increased genetic risk for late-onset sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), who carry the apolipoprotein (APOE) ɛ4 risk allele. Methods 199 sedentary men and women without significant cognitive impairments were enrolled in the Brain in Motion study, a quasi-experimental single group pre-test/post-test study with no control group. Participants completed a six-month aerobic exercise intervention and consented to genetic testing. Genotyping of APOE confirmed that 54 individuals were carriers of the ɛ4 allele. Participants' subjective quality of sleep was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) pre- and post-intervention. A convenience sample of participants (n = 29, APOE ɛ4+ = 7) consented to undergo two nights of in-home polysomnography (PSG) pre- and post intervention. Sleep architecture and respiratory variables were assessed. Results The six-month aerobic exercise intervention significantly improved participants' total PSQI score, sleep efficiency, and sleep latency in the full sample (n = 199). PSG results showed that total sleep time and sleep onset latency significantly improved over the course of the exercise intervention only in individuals who carried the APOE ɛ4 allele. These results are, however, exploratory and need to be carefully interpreted due to the rather small number of APOE ɛ4+ in the PSG subgroup. Conclusions The six-month aerobic exercise intervention significantly improved participants' sleep quality with beneficial effects on PSG shown in individuals at increased genetic risk for late-onset sporadic AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Guadagni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Cameron M Clark
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Amanda Tyndall
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jill K Raneri
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Sleep Centre, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jillian S Parboosingh
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - David B Hogan
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Patrick J Hanly
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Sleep Centre, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marc J Poulin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Li W, Wu M, Yuan F, Zhang H. Sugary beverage consumption mediates the relationship between late chronotype, sleep duration, and weight increase among undergraduates: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health Prev Med 2018; 23:63. [PMID: 30579344 PMCID: PMC6303893 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-018-0754-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to explore whether sugary beverage consumption is a key mediator of late chronotype, sleep duration, and weight increase in college students in China. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted in four universities using a sample of 800 undergraduate students recruited by cluster sampling. A self-reported questionnaire was given out to collect information, including the characteristic of social demography, state of physical exercise and sugary beverage intake, the types of chronotype, and psychological conditions. Then, two structural equation models (SEMs) were constructed to test the mediating effect of sugary beverage consumption. RESULTS The significant indirect effect of sugary beverage consumption was found between chronotype and BMI (effect = - 0.03, SE = 0.01, 95% CI [- 0.05, - 0.02]) and between sleep duration and BMI (effect = - 0.12, SE = 0.05, 95% CI [- 0.16, - 0.09]). In addition, physical exercise and psychological condition also play mediating effects between chronotype and BMI (effect = - 0.04, SE = 0.01, 95% CI [- 0.06, - 0.01] and effect = - 0.03, SE = 0.02, 95% CI [- 0.05, - 0.01]), but their mediating effect was not found between sleep duration and BMI. CONCLUSION Preventive measures should be taken to decrease student's sugary beverage consumption, improve physical exercise, and increase individual well-being to avoid the harmful effects of eveningness. Moreover, the issue of short sleep duration among college students may be further investigated in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Occupational Health Surveillance, Chongqing, 400016 China
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Mengyun Wu
- Chongqing Engineering research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014 China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Occupational Health Surveillance, Chongqing, 400016 China
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Huadong Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health Surveillance, Chongqing, 400016 China
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, 400016 China
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46
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Miller JB. Big data and biomedical informatics: Preparing for the modernization of clinical neuropsychology. Clin Neuropsychol 2018; 33:287-304. [PMID: 30513257 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2018.1523466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuropsychology is poised for a fundamental shift as we modernize the ways in which behavior is measured. The amount and complexity of data generated by these new methods will be several orders of magnitude greater than what is currently created by analog measures and will quickly adopt characteristics of "Big Data." Adequate preparation for managing the influx of data will be critical for technology integration and modernization to be successful. Drawing from information technology, mathematics, statistics, computer science, and engineering, as well as, biology, genetics, and medicine, the field of biomedical informatics has rapidly evolved from its early days in computational biology to a burgeoning independent discipline that has much to offer neuropsychology. METHOD Following a critical review of the relevant literature, the present article (1) provides an introductory overview of biomedical informatics and how these concepts are relevant to neuropsychology; (2) describes how biomedical informatics applications can be utilized to leverage existing data sources more effectively; and (3) discusses ideas for future developments designed to facilitate integration of new data derived from novel, technologically driven measurement tools. Within this context, applications intended for use by both the individual neuropsychologist to increase clinical efficiencies, as well as, larger field-wide initiatives intended to generate new information and derive new knowledge are discussed. CONCLUSIONS By no means a comprehensive review of biomedical informatics, the present paper highlights that our approach to data needs to become a multidisciplinary endeavor in order to develop applications capable of effectively utilizing modern data sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B Miller
- a Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health , Las Vegas , Nevada , USA
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47
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Hall PA, Bickel WK, Erickson KI, Wagner DD. Neuroimaging, neuromodulation, and population health: the neuroscience of chronic disease prevention. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1428:240-256. [PMID: 29863790 PMCID: PMC6175225 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Preventable chronic diseases are the leading cause of death in the majority of countries throughout the world, and this trend will continue for the foreseeable future. The potential to offset the social, economic, and personal burdens associated with such conditions depends on our ability to influence people's thought processes, decisions, and behaviors, all of which can be understood with reference to the brain itself. Within the health neuroscience framework, the brain can be viewed as a predictor, mediator, moderator, or outcome in relation to health-related phenomena. This review explores examples of each of these, with specific reference to the primary prevention (i.e., prevention of initial onset) of chronic diseases. Within the topic of primary prevention, we touch on several cross-cutting themes (persuasive communications, delay discounting of rewards, and self-control), and place a special focus on obesity as a disorder influenced by both eating behavior and exercise habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Hall
- School of Public Health and Health SystemsUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
| | - Warren K. Bickel
- Departments of PsychologyNeuroscience and Health Sciences, Virginia TechRoanokeVirginia
| | - Kirk I. Erickson
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvania
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Wilckens KA, Hall MH, Erickson KI, Germain A, Nimgaonkar VL, Monk TH, Buysse DJ. Task switching in older adults with and without insomnia. Sleep Med 2017; 30:113-120. [PMID: 28215233 PMCID: PMC5321623 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Task-switching deficits are common in older adults and in those with insomnia. Such deficits may be driven by difficulties with sleep continuity and dampened homeostatic sleep drive. OBJECTIVE To identify the aspects of task switching affected by insomnia and its treatment, and to determine whether such effects are associated with sleep continuity and homeostatic sleep drive. METHODS Polysomnographic sleep and task switching were tested in healthy older adults aged 60-93 years with insomnia (n = 48) and normal sleeping controls (n = 51). Assessments were repeated in the insomnia group after eight weeks of cognitive behavioral treatment for insomnia. Sleep measures included wake after sleep onset (WASO) and quantitative indices of homeostatic sleep drive (delta power during nonrapid eye movement [NREM] sleep and the ratio of delta power during the first and second NREM periods). A cued task-switching paradigm instructed participants to perform one of two tasks with varying preparatory cue-target intervals, manipulating task alternation, task repetition, and task preparation. RESULTS The effect of preparatory cues on accuracy was diminished in the insomnia group compared with that in controls. Across the two groups, a stronger effect of preparatory cues was associated with a higher delta sleep ratio. Following insomnia treatment, task-repetition accuracy significantly improved. This improvement was associated with improvements in WASO. There were no group or treatment effects on response time or task alternation accuracy. CONCLUSIONS Effects of insomnia diagnosis and treatment apply to conditions that depend on the maintenance of a task set, rather than a domain general effect across task switching. Such effects are associated with homeostatic sleep drive and sleep continuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine A Wilckens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Martica H Hall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 210 South Bouquet Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Anne Germain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Vishwajit L Nimgaonkar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Timothy H Monk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Stillman CM, Cohen J, Lehman ME, Erickson KI. Mediators of Physical Activity on Neurocognitive Function: A Review at Multiple Levels of Analysis. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:626. [PMID: 28018195 PMCID: PMC5161022 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is known to maintain and improve neurocognitive health. However, there is still a poor understanding of the mechanisms by which PA exerts its effects on the brain and cognition in humans. Many of the most widely discussed mechanisms of PA are molecular and cellular and arise from animal models. While information about basic cellular and molecular mechanisms is an important foundation from which to build our understanding of how PA promotes cognitive health in humans, there are other pathways that could play a role in this relationship. For example, PA-induced changes to cellular and molecular pathways likely initiate changes to macroscopic properties of the brain and/or to behavior that in turn influence cognition. The present review uses a more macroscopic lens to identify potential brain and behavioral/socioemotional mediators of the association between PA and cognitive function. We first summarize what is known regarding cellular and molecular mechanisms, and then devote the remainder of the review to discussing evidence for brain systems and behavioral/socioemotional pathways by which PA influences cognition. It is our hope that discussing mechanisms at multiple levels of analysis will stimulate the field to examine both brain and behavioral mediators. Doing so is important, as it could lead to a more complete characterization of the processes by which PA influences neurocognitive function, as well as a greater variety of targets for modifying neurocognitive function in clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea M Stillman
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PittsburghPA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, PittsburghPA, USA
| | - Jamie Cohen
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, PittsburghPA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, PittsburghPA, USA
| | - Morgan E Lehman
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PittsburghPA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, PittsburghPA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, PittsburghPA, USA
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