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Lee HY, Nazmul T, Lan J, Oyoshi MK. Maternal influences on offspring food allergy. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 39275992 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of allergies has been globally escalating. While allergies could appear at any age, they often develop in early life. However, the significant knowledge gap in the field is the mechanisms by which allergies affect certain people but not others. Investigating early factors and events in neonatal life that have a lasting impact on determining the susceptibilities of children to develop allergies is a significant area of the investigation as it promotes the understanding of neonatal immune system that mediates tolerance versus allergies. This review focuses on the research over the recent 10 years regarding the potential maternal factors that influence offspring allergies with a view to food allergy, a potentially life-threatening cause of anaphylaxis. The role of breast milk, maternal diet, maternal antibodies, and microbiota that have been suggested as key maternal factors regulating offspring allergies are discussed here. We also suggest future research area to expand our knowledge of maternal-offspring interactions on the pathogenesis of food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Yeong Lee
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tanuza Nazmul
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jinggang Lan
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michiko K Oyoshi
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Tripp P, Davis EC, Gurung M, Rosa F, Bode L, Fox R, LeRoith T, Simecka C, Seppo AE, Järvinen KM, Yeruva L. Infant Microbiota Communities and Human Milk Oligosaccharide Supplementation Independently and Synergistically Shape Metabolite Production and Immune Responses in Healthy Mice. J Nutr 2024; 154:2871-2886. [PMID: 39069270 PMCID: PMC11393170 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple studies have demonstrated associations between the early-life gut microbiome and incidence of inflammatory and autoimmune disease in childhood. Although microbial colonization is necessary for proper immune education, it is not well understood at a mechanistic level how specific communities of bacteria promote immune maturation or drive immune dysfunction in infancy. OBJECTIVES In this study, we aimed to assess whether infant microbial communities with different overall structures differentially influence immune and gastrointestinal development in healthy mice. METHODS Germ-free mice were inoculated with fecal slurries from Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis positive (BIP) or B. longum subspecies infantis negative (BIN) breastfed infants; half of the mice in each group were also supplemented with a pool of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) for 14 d. Cecal microbiome composition and metabolite production, systemic and mucosal immune outcomes, and intestinal morphology were assessed at the end of the study. RESULTS The results showed that inoculation with a BIP microbiome results in a remarkably distinct microbial community characterized by higher relative abundances of cecal Clostridium senu stricto, Ruminococcus gnavus, Cellulosilyticum sp., and Erysipelatoclostridium sp. The BIP microbiome produced 2-fold higher concentrations of cecal butyrate, promoted branched short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and further modulated serotonin, kynurenine, and indole metabolism relative to BIN mice. Further, the BIP microbiome increased the proportions of innate and adaptive immune cells in spleen, while HMO supplementation increased proliferation of mesenteric lymph node cells to phorbol myristate acetate and lipopolysaccharide and increased serum IgA and IgG concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Different microbiome compositions and HMO supplementation can modulate SCFA and tryptophan metabolism and innate and adaptive immunity in young, healthy mice, with potentially important implications for early childhood health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Tripp
- USDA-ARS, SEA, Microbiome and Metabolism Research Unit, Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Erin C Davis
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children's Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Manoj Gurung
- USDA-ARS, SEA, Microbiome and Metabolism Research Unit, Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Fernanda Rosa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Lars Bode
- Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Renee Fox
- USDA-ARS, SEA, Microbiome and Metabolism Research Unit, Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Tanya LeRoith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Christy Simecka
- Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Antti E Seppo
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children's Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Kirsi M Järvinen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children's Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States.
| | - Laxmi Yeruva
- USDA-ARS, SEA, Microbiome and Metabolism Research Unit, Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States.
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Snauwaert E, De Buyser S, Desloovere A, Van Biesen W, Raes A, Glorieux G, Collard L, Van Hoeck K, Van Dyck M, Godefroid N, Vande Walle J, Eloot S. Assessment of Within- and Inter-Patient Variability of Uremic Toxin Concentrations in Children with CKD. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:349. [PMID: 39195759 PMCID: PMC11359554 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16080349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
To promote improved trial design in upcoming randomized clinical trials in childhood chronic kidney disease (CKD), insight in the within- and inter-patient variability of uremic toxins with its nutritional, treatment- and patient-related confounding factors is of utmost importance. In this study, the within- and inter-patient variability of a selection of uremic toxins in a longitudinal cohort of children diagnosed with CKD was assessed, using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the within-patient coefficient of variation (CV). Subsequently, the contribution of anthropometry, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), dietary fiber and protein, and use of (prophylactic) antibiotics to uremic toxin variability was evaluated. Based on 403 observations from 62 children (median seven visits per patient; 9.4 ± 5.3 years; 68% males; eGFR 38.5 [23.1; 64.0] mL/min/1.73 m2) collected over a maximum of 2 years, we found that the within-patient variability is high for especially protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) (ICC < 0.7; within-patient CV 37-67%). Moreover, eGFR was identified as a predominant contributor to the within- and inter-patient variability for the majority of solutes, while the impact of the child's anthropometry, fiber and protein intake, and antibiotics on the variability of uremic toxin concentrations was limited. Based on these findings, we would recommend future intervention studies that attempt to decrease uremic toxin levels to select a (non-dialysis) CKD study population with a narrow eGFR range. As the expected effect of the selected intervention should exceed the inter-patient variability of the selected uremic toxins, a narrow eGFR range might aid in improving the trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Snauwaert
- Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.D.); (W.V.B.); (A.R.); (G.G.); (J.V.W.); (S.E.)
| | - Stefanie De Buyser
- Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - An Desloovere
- Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.D.); (W.V.B.); (A.R.); (G.G.); (J.V.W.); (S.E.)
| | - Wim Van Biesen
- Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.D.); (W.V.B.); (A.R.); (G.G.); (J.V.W.); (S.E.)
| | - Ann Raes
- Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.D.); (W.V.B.); (A.R.); (G.G.); (J.V.W.); (S.E.)
| | - Griet Glorieux
- Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.D.); (W.V.B.); (A.R.); (G.G.); (J.V.W.); (S.E.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Johan Vande Walle
- Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.D.); (W.V.B.); (A.R.); (G.G.); (J.V.W.); (S.E.)
| | - Sunny Eloot
- Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.D.); (W.V.B.); (A.R.); (G.G.); (J.V.W.); (S.E.)
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Cagnoni AJ, Massaro M, Cutine AM, Gimeno A, Pérez-Sáez JM, Manselle Cocco MN, Maller SM, Di Lella S, Jiménez-Barbero J, Ardá A, Rabinovich GA, Mariño KV. Exploring galectin interactions with human milk oligosaccharides and blood group antigens identifies BGA6 as a functional galectin-4 ligand. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107573. [PMID: 39009340 PMCID: PMC11367503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Galectins (Gals), a family of multifunctional glycan-binding proteins, have been traditionally defined as β-galactoside binding lectins. However, certain members of this family have shown selective affinity toward specific glycan structures including human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and blood group antigens. In this work, we explored the affinity of human galectins (particularly Gal-1, -3, -4, -7, and -12) toward a panel of oligosaccharides including HMOs and blood group antigens using a complementary approach based on both experimental and computational techniques. While prototype Gal-1 and Gal-7 exhibited differential affinity for type I versus type II Lac/LacNAc residues and recognized fucosylated neutral glycans, chimera-type Gal-3 showed high binding affinity toward poly-LacNAc structures including LNnH and LNnO. Notably, the tandem-repeat human Gal-12 showed preferential recognition of 3-fucosylated glycans, a unique feature among members of the galectin family. Finally, Gal-4 presented a distinctive glycan-binding activity characterized by preferential recognition of specific blood group antigens, also validated by saturation transfer difference nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. Particularly, we identified oligosaccharide blood group A antigen tetraose 6 (BGA6) as a biologically relevant Gal-4 ligand, which specifically inhibited interleukin-6 secretion induced by this lectin on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These findings highlight unique determinants underlying specific recognition of HMOs and blood group antigens by human galectins, emphasizing the biological relevance of Gal-4-BGA6 interactions, with critical implications in the development and regulation of inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro J Cagnoni
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Programa de Glicoinmunología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Programa de Glicoinmunología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mora Massaro
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Programa de Glicoinmunología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anabela M Cutine
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Programa de Glicoinmunología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Programa de Glicoinmunología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Juan M Pérez-Sáez
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Programa de Glicoinmunología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Montana N Manselle Cocco
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Programa de Glicoinmunología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián M Maller
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Programa de Glicoinmunología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago Di Lella
- Instituto de Química Biológica, Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Organic & Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology University of the Basque Country, EHU-UPV, Leioa, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Programa de Glicoinmunología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Karina V Mariño
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Programa de Glicoinmunología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad Argentina de la Empresa (UADE), Instituto de Tecnología (INTEC), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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5
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Iorfida D, Valitutti F, Vestri A, D'Adamo G, Passaro T, Crocco M, Malerba F, Monzani A, Rabbone I, Pensabene L, Giancotti L, Graziano F, Citrano M, Ferretti F, Trovato CM, Pacenza C, Iasevoli M, Banzato C, Lubrano R, Montuori M. Prevalence of delivery mode in an Italian nationwide cohort with celiac disease: a SIGENP multicenter retrospective study (the CD-deliver-IT). Ital J Pediatr 2024; 50:129. [PMID: 39061072 PMCID: PMC11282831 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-024-01710-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have indicated an association between cesarean section (CS), especially elective CS, and an increased risk of celiac disease (CD), but the conclusions of other studies are contradictory. The primary aim of this study (CD-deliver-IT) was to evaluate the rate of CS in a large population of CD patients throughout Italy. METHODS: This national multicenter retrospective study was conducted between December 2020 and November 2021. The coordinating center was the Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit of Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza, University of Rome, Lazio, Italy. Eleven other referral centers for CD have participated to the study. Each center has collected data on mode of delivery and perinatal period of all CD patients referring to the center in the last 40 years. RESULTS Out of 3,259 CD patients recruited in different Italian regions, data on the mode of delivery were obtained from 3,234. One thousand nine hundred forty-one (1,941) patients (60%) were born vaginally and 1,293 (40%) by CS (8.3% emergency CS, 30.1% planned CS, 1.5% undefined CS). A statistically significant difference was found comparing median age at time of CD diagnosis of patients who were born by emergency CS (4 years, CI 95% 3.40-4.59), planned CS (7 years, CI 95% 6.02-7.97) and vaginal delivery (6 years, CI 95% 5.62-6.37) (log rank p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This is the first Italian multicenter study aiming at evaluating the rate of CS in a large population of CD patients through Italy. The CS rate found in our CD patients is higher than rates reported in the general population over the last 40 years and emergency CS seems to be associated with an earlier onset of CD compared to vaginal delivery or elective CS in our large nationwide retrospective cohort. This suggests a potential role of the mode of delivery on the risk of developing CD and on its age of onset, but it is more likely that it works in concert with other perinatal factors. Further prospective studies on other perinatal factors potentially influencing gut microbiota are awaited in order to address heavy conflicting evidence reaming in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Iorfida
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Sapienza - University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Francesco Valitutti
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Pediatric Clinic, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Annarita Vestri
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, Sapienza - University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Grazia D'Adamo
- Pediatric Unit, AOU Salerno, P.O. Cava de' Tirreni, Salerno, Italy
| | - Tiziana Passaro
- Pediatric Unit, AOU Salerno, P.O. Cava de' Tirreni, Salerno, Italy
| | - Marco Crocco
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, 16147, Italy
| | - Federica Malerba
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, 16147, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alice Monzani
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Paediatrics, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Ivana Rabbone
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Paediatrics, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Licia Pensabene
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, Pediatric Unit, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Laura Giancotti
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, Pediatric Unit, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Michele Citrano
- Pediatric Unit, Villa Sofia - Cervello Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferretti
- Hepatology Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Maria Trovato
- Hepatology Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mario Iasevoli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Pediatrics Section, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Lubrano
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Sapienza - University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Monica Montuori
- Maternal and Child Health Department, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza - University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Chac D, Slater DM, Guillaume Y, Dunmire CN, Ternier R, Vissières K, Juin S, Lucien MAB, Boncy J, Sanchez VM, Dumayas MG, Augustin GC, Bhuiyan TR, Qadri F, Chowdhury F, Khan AI, Weil AA, Ivers LC, Harris JB. Association between chlorine-treated drinking water, the gut microbiome, and enteric pathogen burden in young children in Haiti: An observational study. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 147:107165. [PMID: 38977240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of sanitation and hygiene interventions on the gut microbiome and enteric pathogen burden are not well understood. We measured the association between free chlorine residue (FCR) levels in drinking water, microbiome composition, and stool enteric pathogens in infants and young children in Haiti. METHODS FCR levels were measured in household drinking water and enteric pathogen burden was evaluated using multiplex RT-PCR of stool among 131 children from one month to five years of age living in Mirebalais, Haiti. Microbiome profiling was performed using metagenomic sequencing. RESULTS Most individuals lived in households with undetectable FCR measured in the drinking water (112/131, 86%). Detection of enteric pathogen DNA in stool was common and did not correlate with household water FCR. The infant microbiome in households with detectable FCR demonstrated reduced richness (fewer total number of species, P = 0.04 Kruskall-Wallis test) and less diversity by Inverse Simpson measures (P = 0.05) than households with undetectable FCR. Infants in households with a detectable FCR were more likely to have abundant Bifidobacterium. Using in vitro susceptibility testing, we found that some Bifidobacterium species were resistant to chlorine. CONCLUSIONS FCR in household drinking water did not correlate with enteric pathogen burden in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Chac
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Damien M Slater
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yodeline Guillaume
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ralph Ternier
- Partners In Health/Zanmi Lasante, Croix des Bouquets, Haiti
| | | | - Stanley Juin
- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | | | - Jacques Boncy
- National Laboratory of Public Health, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Vanessa M Sanchez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mia G Dumayas
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Taufiqur R Bhuiyan
- International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Vaccine Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Vaccine Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahima Chowdhury
- International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Vaccine Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ashraful I Khan
- International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Vaccine Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ana A Weil
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Louise C Ivers
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason B Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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7
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Wang Y, Liu Q, Liu Y, Qiao W, Zhao J, Cao H, Liu Y, Chen L. Advances in the composition, efficacy, and mimicking of human milk phospholipids. Food Funct 2024; 15:6254-6273. [PMID: 38787648 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00539b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Phospholipids are the essential components of human milk, contributing to the enhancement of cognitive development, regulation of immune functions, and mitigation of elevated cholesterol levels. Infant formulas supplemented with phospholipids can change the composition, content, and globule membrane structure of milk lipids, improving their digestive properties and nutritional value. However, mimicking phospholipids in infant formulas is currently limited, and the supplemented standards of phospholipid species and amounts in infant formulas are unknown. Consequently, there is a significant difference between the phospholipids in infant formulas and those in human milk. This article reviews the recent progress in human milk phospholipid research, aiming to describe the composition, content, and positive effects of human milk phospholipids, as well as summarises the dietary sources of phospholipid supplementation and the current state of human milk phospholipid mimicking in infant formulas. This review provides clear directions for research on mimicking human milk phospholipids and evaluating the nutritional functions of phospholipids in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Food Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing 100163, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Food Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing 100163, China
| | - Yan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing 100163, China
| | - Weicang Qiao
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing 100163, China
| | - Junying Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing 100163, China
| | - Huiru Cao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Food Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing 100163, China
| | - Yan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing 100163, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Food Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., No. 8, Yingchang Street 100076, Yinghai Town, Daxing District, Beijing, China.
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8
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Li XW, Qiu F, Liu Y, Yang JZ, Chen LJ, Li JH, Liu JL, Hsu C, Chen L, Zeng JH, Xie XL, Wang Q. Inulin alleviates perinatal 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPHP) exposure-induced intestinal toxicity by reshaping the gut microbiota and suppressing the enteric-origin LPS/TLR4/NF-κb pathway in dams and pups. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 346:123659. [PMID: 38417603 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), such as 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPHP), are ubiquitously used, leading to pervasive environmental contamination and human health risks. While associations between EHDPHP and health issues such as disruption of hormones, neurotoxic effects, and toxicity to reproduction have been recognized, exposure to EHDPHP during perinatal life and its implications for the intestinal health of dams and their pups have largely been unexplored. This study investigated the intestinal toxicity of EHDPHP and the potential for which inulin was effective. Dams were administered either an EHDPHP solution or a corn oil control from gestation day 7 (GD7) to postnatal day 21 (PND21), with inulin provided in their drinking water. Our results indicate that inulin supplementation mitigates damage to the intestinal epithelium caused by EHDPHP, restores mucus-secreting cells, suppresses intestinal hyperpermeability, and abates intestinal inflammation by curtailing lipopolysaccharide leakage through reshaping of the gut microbiota. A reduction in LPS levels concurrently inhibited the inflammation-associated TLR4/NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, inulin administration may ameliorate intestinal toxicity caused by EHDPHP in dams and pups by reshaping the gut microbiota and suppressing the LPS/TLR4/NF-κB pathway. These findings underscore the efficacy of inulin as a therapeutic agent for managing health risks linked to EHDPHP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Wen Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong 528244, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jian-Zheng Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Li-Jian Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jia-Hao Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jia-Li Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Clare Hsu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Long Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jia-Hao Zeng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Xiao-Li Xie
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
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9
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Sato Y, Kanayama M, Nakajima S, Hishida Y, Watanabe Y. Sialyllactose Enhances the Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production and Barrier Function of Gut Epithelial Cells via Nonbifidogenic Modification of the Fecal Microbiome in Human Adults. Microorganisms 2024; 12:252. [PMID: 38399656 PMCID: PMC10892346 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Although various benefits of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been reported, such as promoting Bifidobacterium growth in the infant gut, their effects on adults have not been fully studied. This study investigated the effects of two types of sialyllactose, 3'-sialyllactose (3'-SL) and 6'-sialyllactose (6'-SL), on the adult intestinal microbiome using the simulator of human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME®), which can simulate human gastrointestinal conditions. HPLC metabolite analysis showed that sialyllactose (SL) supplementation increased the short-chain fatty acid content of SHIME culture broth. Moreover, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis revealed that SL promoted the growth of Phascolarctobacterium and Lachnospiraceae, short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, but not the growth of Bifidobacterium. Altogether, both types of SL stimulated an increase in short-chain fatty acids, including propionate and butyrate. Additionally, SHIME culture supernatant supplemented with SL improved the intestinal barrier function in Caco-2 cell monolayers. These results suggest that SL could act as a unique prebiotic among other HMOs with a nonbifidogenic effect, resulting in intestinal barrier protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Sato
- Institute of Health Science, Kirin Holdings Co., Ltd., 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan; (Y.S.); (M.K.); (Y.H.)
| | - Masaya Kanayama
- Institute of Health Science, Kirin Holdings Co., Ltd., 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan; (Y.S.); (M.K.); (Y.H.)
| | - Shiori Nakajima
- Health Science Business Department, Kirin Holdings Co., Ltd., 4-10-2 Nakano, Tokyo 164-0001, Japan;
| | - Yukihiro Hishida
- Institute of Health Science, Kirin Holdings Co., Ltd., 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan; (Y.S.); (M.K.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yuta Watanabe
- Institute of Health Science, Kirin Holdings Co., Ltd., 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan; (Y.S.); (M.K.); (Y.H.)
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10
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Zhu L, Li H, Luo T, Deng Z, Li J, Zheng L, Zhang B. Human Milk Oligosaccharides: A Critical Review on Structure, Preparation, Their Potential as a Food Bioactive Component, and Future Perspectives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15908-15925. [PMID: 37851533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Human milk is the gold standard for infant feeding. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a unique group of oligosaccharides in human milk. Great interest in HMOs has grown in recent years due to their positive effects on various aspects of infant health. HMOs provide various physiologic functions, including establishing a balanced infant's gut microbiota, strengthening the gastrointestinal barrier, preventing infections, and potential support to the immune system. However, the clinical application of HMOs is challenging due to their specificity to human milk and the difficulties and high costs associated with their isolation and synthesis. Here, the differences in oligosaccharides in human and other mammalian milk are compared, and the synthetic strategies to access HMOs are summarized. Additionally, the potential use and molecular mechanisms of HMOs as a new food bioactive component in different diseases, such as infection, necrotizing enterocolitis, diabetes, and allergy, are critically reviewed. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of HMOs in basic research and application are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Ting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Liufeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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11
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Klinsawat W, Uthaipaisanwong P, Jenjaroenpun P, Sripiboon S, Wongsurawat T, Kusonmano K. Microbiome variations among age classes and diets of captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Thailand using full-length 16S rRNA nanopore sequencing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17685. [PMID: 37848699 PMCID: PMC10582034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44981-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) is the national symbol of Thailand and linked to Thai history and culture for centuries. The elephant welfare improvement is one of the major components to achieve sustainable captive management. Microbiome inhabiting digestive tracts have been shown with symbiotic relations to host health. This work provided high-resolution microbiome profiles of 32 captive elephants at a species level by utilizing full-length 16S rRNA gene nanopore sequencing. Eleven common uncultured bacterial species were found across elephants fed with solid food including uncultured bacterium Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, Kiritimatiellae WCHB1-41, Phascolarctobacterium, Oscillospiraceae NK4A214 group, Christensenellaceae R-7 group, Oribacterium, Oscillospirales UCG-010, Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroidales F082, uncultured rumen Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, and Lachnospiraceae AC2044 group. We observed microbiome shifts along the age classes of baby (0-2 years), juvenile (2-10 years), and adult (> 10 years). Interestingly, we found distinct microbiome profiles among adult elephants fed with a local palm, Caryota urens, as a supplement. Potential beneficial microbes have been revealed according to the age classes and feed diets. The retrieved microbiome data could be provided as good baseline microbial profiles for monitoring elephant health, suggesting further studies towards dietary selection suitable for each age class and the use of local supplementary diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worata Klinsawat
- Conservation Ecology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pichahpuk Uthaipaisanwong
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Research Group, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piroon Jenjaroenpun
- Division of Medical Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supaphen Sripiboon
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Thidathip Wongsurawat
- Division of Medical Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Kanthida Kusonmano
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Research Group, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, Schools of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand.
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12
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Fan Y, McMath AL, Donovan SM. Review on the Impact of Milk Oligosaccharides on the Brain and Neurocognitive Development in Early Life. Nutrients 2023; 15:3743. [PMID: 37686775 PMCID: PMC10490528 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk Oligosaccharides (MOS), a group of complex carbohydrates found in human and bovine milk, have emerged as potential modulators of optimal brain development for early life. This review provides a comprehensive investigation of the impact of milk oligosaccharides on brain and neurocognitive development of early life by synthesizing current literature from preclinical models and human observational studies. The literature search was conducted in the PubMed search engine, and the inclusion eligibility was evaluated by three reviewers. Overall, we identified 26 articles for analysis. While the literature supports the crucial roles of fucosylated and sialylated milk oligosaccharides in learning, memory, executive functioning, and brain structural development, limitations were identified. In preclinical models, the supplementation of only the most abundant MOS might overlook the complexity of naturally occurring MOS compositions. Similarly, accurately quantifying MOS intake in human studies is challenging due to potential confounding effects such as formula feeding. Mechanistically, MOS is thought to impact neurodevelopment through modulation of the microbiota and enhancement of neuronal signaling. However, further advancement in our understanding necessitates clinical randomized-controlled trials to elucidate the specific mechanisms and long-term implications of milk oligosaccharides exposure. Understanding the interplay between milk oligosaccharides and cognition may contribute to early nutrition strategies for optimal cognitive outcomes in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Fan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Arden L. McMath
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Sharon M. Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
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13
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Eudy BJ, Odle J, Lin X, Maltecca C, Walter KR, McNulty NP, Fellner V, Jacobi SK. Dietary Prebiotic Oligosaccharides and Arachidonate Alter the Fecal Microbiota and Mucosal Lipid Composition of Suckling Pigs. J Nutr 2023; 153:2249-2262. [PMID: 37348760 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early intestinal development is important to infant vitality, and optimal formula composition can promote gut health. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to evaluate the effects of arachidonate (ARA) and/or prebiotic oligosaccharide (PRE) supplementation in formula on the development of the microbial ecosystem and colonic health parameters. METHODS Newborn piglets were fed 4 formulas containing ARA [0.5 compared with 2.5% of dietary fatty acids (FAs)] and PRE (0 compared with 8 g/L, containing a 1:1 mixture of galactooligosaccharides and polydextrose) in a 2 x 2 factorial design for 22 d. Fecal samples were collected weekly and analyzed for relative microbial abundance. Intestinal samples were collected on day 22 and analyzed for mucosal FAs, pH, and short-chain FAs (SCFAs). RESULTS PRE supplementation significantly increased genera within Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, including Anaerostipes, Mitsuokella, Prevotella, Clostridium IV, and Bulleidia, and resulted in progressive separation from controls as determined by Principal Coordinates Analysis. Concentrations of SCFA increased from 70.98 to 87.37 mM, with an accompanying reduction in colonic pH. ARA supplementation increased the ARA content of the colonic mucosa from 2.35-5.34% of total FAs. PRE supplementation also altered mucosal FA composition, resulting in increased linoleic acid (11.52-16.33% of total FAs) and ARA (2.35-5.16% of total FAs). CONCLUSIONS Prebiotic supplementation during the first 22 d of life altered the gut microbiota of piglets and increased the abundance of specific bacterial genera. These changes correlated with increased SCFA, which may benefit intestinal development. Although dietary ARA did not alter the microbiota, it increased the ARA content of the colonic mucosa, which may support intestinal development and epithelial repair. Prebiotic supplementation also increased unsaturation of FAs in the colonic mucosa. Although the mechanism requires further investigation, it may be related to altered microbial ecology or biohydrogenation of FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Eudy
- Department of Animal Science and Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jack Odle
- Department of Animal Science and Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Christian Maltecca
- Department of Animal Science and Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Kathleen R Walter
- Department of Animal Science and Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Nathan P McNulty
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Vivek Fellner
- Department of Animal Science and Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Sheila K Jacobi
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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14
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Manara S, Selma-Royo M, Huang KD, Asnicar F, Armanini F, Blanco-Miguez A, Cumbo F, Golzato D, Manghi P, Pinto F, Valles-Colomer M, Amoroso L, Corrias MV, Ponzoni M, Raffaetà R, Cabrera-Rubio R, Olcina M, Pasolli E, Collado MC, Segata N. Maternal and food microbial sources shape the infant microbiome of a rural Ethiopian population. Curr Biol 2023; 33:1939-1950.e4. [PMID: 37116481 PMCID: PMC10234599 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The human microbiome seeding starts at birth, when pioneer microbes are acquired mainly from the mother. Mode of delivery, antibiotic prophylaxis, and feeding method have been studied as modulators of mother-to-infant microbiome transmission, but other key influencing factors like modern westernized lifestyles with high hygienization, high-calorie diets, and urban settings, compared with non-westernized lifestyles have not been investigated yet. In this study, we explored the mother-infant sharing of characterized and uncharacterized microbiome members via strain-resolved metagenomics in a cohort of Ethiopian mothers and infants, and we compared them with four other cohorts with different lifestyles. The westernized and non-westernized newborns' microbiomes composition overlapped during the first months of life more than later in life, likely reflecting similar initial breast-milk-based diets. Ethiopian and other non-westernized infants shared a smaller fraction of the microbiome with their mothers than did most westernized populations, despite showing a higher microbiome diversity, and uncharacterized species represented a substantial fraction of those shared in the Ethiopian cohort. Moreover, we identified uncharacterized species belonging to the Selenomonadaceae and Prevotellaceae families specifically present and shared only in the Ethiopian cohort, and we showed that a locally produced fermented food, injera, can contribute to the higher diversity observed in the Ethiopian infants' gut with bacteria that are not part of the human microbiome but are acquired through fermented food consumption. Taken together, these findings highlight the fact that lifestyle can impact the gut microbiome composition not only through differences in diet, drug consumption, and environmental factors but also through its effect on mother-infant strain-sharing patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Manara
- Department of Cellular Computational and Integrative Biology, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Marta Selma-Royo
- Department of Cellular Computational and Integrative Biology, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, Trento 38123, Italy; Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology- National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), C/ Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Kun D Huang
- Department of Cellular Computational and Integrative Biology, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Francesco Asnicar
- Department of Cellular Computational and Integrative Biology, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Federica Armanini
- Department of Cellular Computational and Integrative Biology, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Aitor Blanco-Miguez
- Department of Cellular Computational and Integrative Biology, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Fabio Cumbo
- Department of Cellular Computational and Integrative Biology, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Davide Golzato
- Department of Cellular Computational and Integrative Biology, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Paolo Manghi
- Department of Cellular Computational and Integrative Biology, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Federica Pinto
- Department of Cellular Computational and Integrative Biology, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Mireia Valles-Colomer
- Department of Cellular Computational and Integrative Biology, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Loredana Amoroso
- Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Valeria Corrias
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Mirco Ponzoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberta Raffaetà
- Ca' Foscari University Venice, Department of Philosophy and Cultural Heritage and NICHE, Malcanton Marcorà, Dorsoduro 3484/D, 30123 Venice, Italy
| | - Raul Cabrera-Rubio
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology- National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), C/ Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mari Olcina
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Edoardo Pasolli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology- National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), C/ Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Nicola Segata
- Department of Cellular Computational and Integrative Biology, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, Trento 38123, Italy.
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15
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Xiao L, Zhao F. Microbial transmission, colonisation and succession: from pregnancy to infancy. Gut 2023; 72:772-786. [PMID: 36720630 PMCID: PMC10086306 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome has been proven to be associated with many diseases and has been used as a biomarker and target in disease prevention and intervention. Currently, the vital role of the microbiome in pregnant women and newborns is increasingly emphasised. In this review, we discuss the interplay of the microbiome and the corresponding immune mechanism between mothers and their offspring during the perinatal period. We aim to present a comprehensive picture of microbial transmission and potential immune imprinting before and after delivery. In addition, we discuss the possibility of in utero microbial colonisation during pregnancy, which has been highly debated in recent studies, and highlight the importance of the microbiome in infant development during the first 3 years of life. This holistic view of the role of the microbial interplay between mothers and infants will refine our current understanding of pregnancy complications as well as diseases in early life and will greatly facilitate the microbiome-based prenatal diagnosis and treatment of mother-infant-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Xiao
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangqing Zhao
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of System Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Rager SL, Zeng MY. The Gut-Liver Axis in Pediatric Liver Health and Disease. Microorganisms 2023; 11:597. [PMID: 36985171 PMCID: PMC10051507 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been growing interest in the complex host-microbe interactions within the human gut and the role these interactions play in systemic health and disease. As an essential metabolic organ, the liver is intimately coupled to the intestinal microbial environment via the portal venous system. Our understanding of the gut-liver axis comes almost exclusively from studies of adults; the gut-liver axis in children, who have unique physiology and differing gut microbial communities, remains poorly understood. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of common pediatric hepatobiliary conditions and recent studies exploring the contributions of the gut microbiota to these conditions or changes of the gut microbiota due to these conditions. We examine the current literature regarding the microbial alterations that take place in biliary atresia, pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Wilson's disease, cystic fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and viral hepatitis. Finally, we propose potential therapeutic approaches involving modulation of the gut microbiota and the gut-liver axis to mitigate the progression of pediatric liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Rager
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Melody Y. Zeng
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
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17
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Strobel KM, Del Vecchio G, Devaskar SU, Calkins KL. Gut Microbes and Circulating Cytokines in Preterm Infants with Growth Failure. J Nutr 2023; 153:120-130. [PMID: 36913445 PMCID: PMC10196572 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth failure (GF) is a multifactorial problem in preterm infants. The intestinal microbiome and inflammation may contribute to GF. OBJECTIVES This study's objective was to compare the gut microbiome and plasma cytokines in preterm infants with and without GF. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study of infants with birth weights of <1750 g. Infants with a weight or length z-score change from birth to discharge or death that was less than or equal to -0.8 (GF group) were compared with infants without GF [control (CON) group]. The primary outcome was the gut microbiome (at weeks 1-4 of age), assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing using Deseq2. Secondary outcomes included inferred metagenomic function and plasma cytokines. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States determined metagenomic function, which was compared using ANOVA. Cytokines were measured by 2-multiplexed immunometric assays and compared using Wilcoxon tests and linear mixed models. RESULTS GF (n = 14) and CON group (n = 13) had similar median (IQR) birth weight (1380 [780-1578] g vs. 1275 [1013-1580] g) and gestational age (29 [25-31] weeks vs. 30 [29-32] weeks). Compared with the CON group, the GF group had a greater abundance of Escherichia/Shigella in weeks 2 and 3, Staphylococcus in week 4, and Veillonella in weeks 3 and 4 (P-adjusted < 0.001 for all). Plasma cytokine concentrations did not differ significantly between the cohorts. When all time points are combined, fewer microbes were involved in TCA cycle activity in the GF group compared with the CON group (P = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS In this study, when compared with CON infants, GF infants had a distinct microbial signature with increased Escherichia/Shigella and Firmicutes and fewer microbes associated with energy production at later weeks of hospitalization. These findings may suggest a mechanism for aberrant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Strobel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; The University of California Los Angeles Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Giorgia Del Vecchio
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; The University of California Los Angeles Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sherin U Devaskar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; The University of California Los Angeles Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kara L Calkins
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; The University of California Los Angeles Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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18
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Belyaeva IA, Bombardirova EP, Turti TV. New Strategies for Enhancement of Infant Milk Formulas Composition. CURRENT PEDIATRICS 2022. [DOI: 10.15690/vsp.v21i6.2468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This article covers the issues of remodeling breast milk’s protective properties during creating infant milk formulas. First of all, this concerns the conditions for normal intestinal microbiota development in growing organism. Its quantitative and qualitative features are the trigger of either sanogenetic, or pathological immune and metabolic reactions, and also determine gut-brain axis functioning. The protective significance of prebiotic composition diversity of mammalian milk and the inductive role of breast milk oligosaccharides are shown. The modern concept of synbiotics role in gastrointestinal tract and other systems functioning, as well as the use of modern synbiotics in the creation of infant formulas (available Russian formula included) are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. A. Belyaeva
- Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Morozovskaya Children’s City Hospital
| | - E. P. Bombardirova
- Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery
| | - T. V. Turti
- Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management
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19
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Khalsa AS, Burton J, Bailey MT, Zhu J, Kelleher KJ, Maltz RM, Loman BR, Spees CK. Collection of biospecimens from parent-child dyads in a community garden-based nutrition intervention: protocol and feasibility. BMC Nutr 2022; 8:141. [PMID: 36471397 PMCID: PMC9720919 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00640-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-invasive human biospecimens, including stool, urine, and hair, are important in understanding the relationship between diet and changes in human physiologic processes that affect chronic disease outcomes. However, biospecimen collection can be difficult when collecting samples for research studies that occur away from a centralized location. We describe the protocol and feasibility in collecting stool, urine, and hair biospecimens from parents and their children at a remote location as a part of a summer community garden-based intervention. METHODS Stool, urine, and hair were collected as a part of the Summer Harvest Adventure (SHA) study, a randomized controlled, community garden-based intervention targeting children (ages 8-11 years) and their parents from low-resource neighborhoods. Biospecimens were collected from willing children and/or their parent/adult caregivers at baseline and post-intervention for evaluation of microbiome, metabolomics, and hair analyses among both intervention and control groups at a location distant from the academic laboratories conducting the analysis. The protocol used to assemble, deliver, collect, and process biospecimens are presented along with the frequencies with which specimens were successfully obtained. RESULTS One hundred forty six participants (73 parent-child dyads) were part of the larger SHA study and thus eligible to provide a biospecimen. A total of 126 participants, 115 participants, and 127 participants consented to provide their hair, stool and urine samples, respectively. Of the participants that consented to provide a sample, 44 children (69.8%) and 38 parents (60.3%) provided at least one hair sample, 27 children (48.2%) and 37 parents (62.7%) provided at least one stool sample, and 36 children (57.1%) and 42 parents (65.6%) provided at least one urine sample. Sample collection at the offsite location, transport, and handling at the academic center were successful and all biospecimens were deemed adequate for analyses. DNA and metabolomics yield on a subset of stool samples obtained provided excellent results in terms of an abundance of species and metabolities, as would be predicted. Urine and hair analyses are underway. CONCLUSION Our work is one of the first to describe the feasibility of collecting human biospecimens, specifically stool, urine, and hair, from both parents and their children from low-resourced neighborhoods in a non-traditional garden research setting. Future work will report findings related to mechanisms between diet, microbiome, metabolites, and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrik Singh Khalsa
- grid.240344.50000 0004 0392 3476Primary Care Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Dr, Columbus, OH 43205 USA ,grid.240344.50000 0004 0392 3476Center for Child Health Equity and Outcomes Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Dr, Columbus, OH 43205 United States ,grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Jonathan Burton
- grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Dublin, OH 43016 USA
| | - Michael T. Bailey
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA ,grid.240344.50000 0004 0392 3476Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205 USA ,grid.240344.50000 0004 0392 3476Oral and Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Affinity Group, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205 USA
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943College of Education and Human Ecology, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA ,grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Kelly J. Kelleher
- grid.240344.50000 0004 0392 3476Center for Child Health Equity and Outcomes Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Dr, Columbus, OH 43205 United States ,grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Ross M. Maltz
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA ,grid.240344.50000 0004 0392 3476Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205 USA ,grid.240344.50000 0004 0392 3476Oral and Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Affinity Group, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205 USA ,grid.240344.50000 0004 0392 3476Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205 USA
| | - Brett R. Loman
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Colleen K. Spees
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Division of Medical Dietetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
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20
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Tarracchini C, Fontana F, Mancabelli L, Lugli GA, Alessandri G, Turroni F, Ventura M, Milani C. Gut microbe metabolism of small molecules supports human development across the early stages of life. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1006721. [PMID: 36177457 PMCID: PMC9512645 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1006721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
From birth to adulthood, the human gut-associated microbial communities experience profound changes in their structure. However, while the taxonomical composition has been extensively explored, temporal shifts in the microbial metabolic functionalities related to the metabolism of bioactive small molecules are still largely unexplored. Here, we collected a total of 6,617 publicly available human fecal shotgun metagenomes and 42 metatranscriptomes from infants and adults to explore the dynamic changes of the microbial-derived small molecule metabolisms according to the age-related development of the human gut microbiome. Moreover, by selecting metagenomic data from 250 breastfed and 217 formula-fed infants, we also investigated how feeding types can shape the metabolic functionality of the incipient gut microbiome. From the small molecule metabolism perspective, our findings suggested that the human gut microbial communities are genetically equipped and prepared to metabolically evolve toward the adult state as early as 1 month after birth, although at the age of 4 years, it still appeared functionally underdeveloped compared to adults. Furthermore, in respect of formula-fed newborns, breastfed infants showed enrichment in microbial metabolic functions related to specific amino acids present at low concentrations in human milk, highlighting that the infant gut microbiome has specifically evolved to synthesize bioactive molecules that can complement the human breast milk composition contributing to complete nutritional supply of infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tarracchini
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Federico Fontana
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- GenProbio Srl, Parma, Italy
| | - Leonardo Mancabelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Andrea Lugli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Alessandri
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Turroni
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- *Correspondence: Marco Ventura,
| | - Christian Milani
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Christian Milani,
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21
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Davis EC, Castagna VP, Sela DA, Hillard MA, Lindberg S, Mantis NJ, Seppo AE, Järvinen KM. Gut microbiome and breast-feeding: Implications for early immune development. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:523-534. [PMID: 36075638 PMCID: PMC9463492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Establishment of the gut microbiome during early life is a complex process with lasting implications for an individual's health. Several factors influence microbial assembly; however, breast-feeding is recognized as one of the most influential drivers of gut microbiome composition during infancy, with potential implications for function. Differences in gut microbial communities between breast-fed and formula-fed infants have been consistently observed and are hypothesized to partially mediate the relationships between breast-feeding and decreased risk for numerous communicable and noncommunicable diseases in early life. Despite decades of research on the gut microbiome of breast-fed infants, there are large scientific gaps in understanding how human milk has evolved to support microbial and immune development. This review will summarize the evidence on how breast-feeding broadly affects the composition and function of the early-life gut microbiome and discuss mechanisms by which specific human milk components shape intestinal bacterial colonization, succession, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C Davis
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children's Hospital, Rochester, NY
| | | | - David A Sela
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Mass; Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Mass; Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Mass
| | - Margaret A Hillard
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Mass; Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Mass
| | - Samantha Lindberg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Albany, Rensselaer, NY
| | - Nicholas J Mantis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY
| | - Antti E Seppo
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children's Hospital, Rochester, NY
| | - Kirsi M Järvinen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children's Hospital, Rochester, NY; Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY.
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22
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Rosa F, Sharma AK, Gurung M, Casero D, Matazel K, Bode L, Simecka C, Elolimy AA, Tripp P, Randolph C, Hand TW, Williams KD, LeRoith T, Yeruva L. Human Milk Oligosaccharides Impact Cellular and Inflammatory Gene Expression and Immune Response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:907529. [PMID: 35844612 PMCID: PMC9278088 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.907529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk harbors complex carbohydrates, including human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), the third most abundant component after lactose and lipids. HMOs have been shown to impact intestinal microbiota, modulate the intestinal immune response, and prevent pathogenic bacterial binding by serving as decoy receptors. However, the direct effect of HMOs on intestinal function and immunity remains to be elucidated. To address this knowledge gap, 21-day-old germ-free mice (C57BI/6) were orally gavaged with 15 mg/day of pooled HMOs for 7 or 14 days and euthanized at day 28 or 35. A set of mice was maintained until day 50 to determine the persistent effects of HMOs. Control groups were maintained in the isolators for 28, 35, or 50 days of age. At the respective endpoints, intestinal tissues were subjected to histomorphometric and transcriptomic analyses, while the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were subjected to flow cytometric analysis. The small intestine (SI) crypt was reduced after HMO treatment relative to control at days 28 and 35, while the SI villus height and large intestine (LI) gland depth were decreased in the HMO-treated mice relative to the control at day 35. We report significant HMO-induced and location-specific gene expression changes in host intestinal tissues. HMO treatment significantly upregulated genes involved in extracellular matrix, protein ubiquitination, nuclear transport, and mononuclear cell differentiation. CD4+ T cells were increased in both MLNs and the spleen, while CD8+ T cells were increased in the spleen at day 50 in the HMO group in comparison to controls. In MLNs, plasma cells were increased in HMO group at days 28 and 35, while in the spleen, only at day 28 relative to controls. Macrophages/monocytes and neutrophils were lower in the spleen of the HMO group at days 28, 35, and 50, while in MLNs, only neutrophils were lower at day 50 in the 14-day HMO group. In addition, diphtheria toxoid and tetanus toxoid antibody-secreting cells were higher in HMO-supplemented group compared to controls. Our data suggest that HMOs have a direct effect on gastrointestinal tract metabolism and the immune system even in the absence of host microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Rosa
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Little Rock, AR, United States
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Ashok K. Sharma
- Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Manoj Gurung
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - David Casero
- Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Katelin Matazel
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Lars Bode
- Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Christy Simecka
- Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Ahmed A. Elolimy
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Little Rock, AR, United States
- Animal Production Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Patricia Tripp
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Christopher Randolph
- Center for Translational Pediatric Research, Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Timothy W. Hand
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, R.K. Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Keith D. Williams
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Tanya LeRoith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Laxmi Yeruva
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Little Rock, AR, United States
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23
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Davis EC, Wang M, Donovan SM. Microbial Interrelationships across Sites of Breastfeeding Mothers and Infants at 6 Weeks Postpartum. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061155. [PMID: 35744673 PMCID: PMC9230604 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Infancy is a critical life stage for the establishment of the gut microbiome. Human milk contains a unique microbial ecosystem that serves as a continuous source of commensal bacteria for the infant. However, the origin of the human milk microbiota, how it is influenced by breastfeeding exclusivity, and its role in infant gut microbiota assembly are not clear. To interrogate these questions, we examined the relationships among fecal, oral, breast skin, and human milk microbiota of 33 exclusively breastfeeding (EBF) and mixed-feeding (MF; human milk + infant formula) mother–infant pairs at 6 weeks postpartum. Here, we show that MF infants have a significantly more diverse oral microbiome comprised of lower relative abundances of Streptococcus and Gemella and higher abundances of Veillonella. Using both SourceTracker2 and FEAST, we demonstrate breast skin and infant saliva as the principal contributing sources to the human milk microbiota. Of the sampled sites, human milk and maternal stool were predicted to contribute the largest fraction to the infant fecal microbiome, but the majority of the community was estimated to arise from unknown sources. Lastly, we identified twenty-one significant co-occurrence relationships between bacteria in human milk and on other maternal and infant body sites. These results demonstrate several unique microbial interrelationships between breastfeeding dyads, providing insight into potential mechanisms of microbial assembly in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C. Davis
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Sharon M. Donovan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(217)-333-2289
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24
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The impact of maternal asthma on the preterm infants' gut metabolome and microbiome (MAP study). Sci Rep 2022; 12:6437. [PMID: 35440708 PMCID: PMC9018729 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10276-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm infants are at a greater risk for the development of asthma and atopic disease, which can lead to lifelong negative health consequences. This may be due, in part, to alterations that occur in the gut microbiome and metabolome during their stay in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). To explore the differential roles of family history (i.e., predisposition due to maternal asthma diagnosis) and hospital-related environmental and clinical factors that alter microbial exposures early in life, we considered a unique cohort of preterm infants born ≤ 34 weeks gestational age from two local level III NICUs, as part of the MAP (Microbiome, Atopic disease, and Prematurity) Study. From MAP participants, we chose a sub-cohort of infants whose mothers had a history of asthma and matched gestational age and sex to infants of mothers without a history of asthma diagnosis (control). We performed a prospective, paired metagenomic and metabolomic analysis of stool and milk feed samples collected at birth, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks postnatal age. Although there were clinical factors associated with shifts in the diversity and composition of stool-associated bacterial communities, maternal asthma diagnosis did not play an observable role in shaping the infant gut microbiome during the study period. There were significant differences, however, in the metabolite profile between the maternal asthma and control groups at 6 weeks postnatal age. The most notable changes occurred in the linoleic acid spectral network, which plays a role in inflammatory and immune pathways, suggesting early metabolomic changes in the gut of preterm infants born to mothers with a history of asthma. Our pilot study suggests that a history of maternal asthma alters a preterm infants’ metabolomic pathways in the gut, as early as the first 6 weeks of life.
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25
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Taft DH, Lewis ZT, Nguyen N, Ho S, Masarweh C, Dunne-Castagna V, Tancredi DJ, Huda MN, Stephensen CB, Hinde K, von Mutius E, Kirjavainen PV, Dalphin JC, Lauener R, Riedler J, Smilowitz JT, German JB, Morrow AL, Mills DA. Bifidobacterium Species Colonization in Infancy: A Global Cross-Sectional Comparison by Population History of Breastfeeding. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071423. [PMID: 35406036 PMCID: PMC9003546 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium species are beneficial and dominant members of the breastfed infant gut microbiome; however, their health benefits are partially species-dependent. Here, we characterize the species and subspecies of Bifidobacterium in breastfed infants around the world to consider the potential impact of a historic dietary shift on the disappearance of B. longum subsp. infantis in some populations. Across populations, three distinct patterns of Bifidobacterium colonization emerged: (1) The dominance of Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis, (2) prevalent Bifidobacterium of multiple species, and (3) the frequent absence of any Bifidobacterium. These patterns appear related to a country’s history of breastfeeding, with infants in countries with historically high rates of long-duration breastfeeding more likely to be colonized by B. longum subspecies infantis compared with infants in countries with histories of shorter-duration breastfeeding. In addition, the timing of infant colonization with B. longum subsp. infantis is consistent with horizontal transmission of this subspecies, rather than the vertical transmission previously reported for other Bifidobacterium species. These findings highlight the need to consider historical and cultural influences on the prevalence of gut commensals and the need to understand epidemiological transmission patterns of Bifidobacterium and other major commensals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana H. Taft
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.H.T.); (Z.T.L.); (N.N.); (S.H.); (C.M.); (V.D.-C.); (J.T.S.); (J.B.G.)
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Zachery T. Lewis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.H.T.); (Z.T.L.); (N.N.); (S.H.); (C.M.); (V.D.-C.); (J.T.S.); (J.B.G.)
| | - Nhu Nguyen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.H.T.); (Z.T.L.); (N.N.); (S.H.); (C.M.); (V.D.-C.); (J.T.S.); (J.B.G.)
| | - Steve Ho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.H.T.); (Z.T.L.); (N.N.); (S.H.); (C.M.); (V.D.-C.); (J.T.S.); (J.B.G.)
| | - Chad Masarweh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.H.T.); (Z.T.L.); (N.N.); (S.H.); (C.M.); (V.D.-C.); (J.T.S.); (J.B.G.)
| | - Vanessa Dunne-Castagna
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.H.T.); (Z.T.L.); (N.N.); (S.H.); (C.M.); (V.D.-C.); (J.T.S.); (J.B.G.)
| | - Daniel J. Tancredi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA;
| | - M. Nazmul Huda
- US Department of Agriculture, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.N.H.); (C.B.S.)
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Charles B. Stephensen
- US Department of Agriculture, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.N.H.); (C.B.S.)
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Katie Hinde
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA;
| | - Erika von Mutius
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, 80337 Munich, Germany;
- Institute for Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Centre Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pirkka V. Kirjavainen
- Environment Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 70210 Kuopio, Finland;
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jean-Charles Dalphin
- Department of Respiratory Disease, UMR/CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environment, University Hospital of Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France;
| | - Roger Lauener
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, 7265 Davos, Switzerland;
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Josef Riedler
- Children’s Hospital Schwarzach, 5620 Schwarzach, Austria;
| | - Jennifer T. Smilowitz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.H.T.); (Z.T.L.); (N.N.); (S.H.); (C.M.); (V.D.-C.); (J.T.S.); (J.B.G.)
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - J. Bruce German
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.H.T.); (Z.T.L.); (N.N.); (S.H.); (C.M.); (V.D.-C.); (J.T.S.); (J.B.G.)
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ardythe L. Morrow
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
- Correspondence: (A.L.M.); (D.A.M.); Tel.: +1-513-558-0809 (A.L.M.); +1-530-754-7821 (D.A.M.)
| | - David A. Mills
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.H.T.); (Z.T.L.); (N.N.); (S.H.); (C.M.); (V.D.-C.); (J.T.S.); (J.B.G.)
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence: (A.L.M.); (D.A.M.); Tel.: +1-513-558-0809 (A.L.M.); +1-530-754-7821 (D.A.M.)
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Di Guglielmo MD, Franke KR, Robbins A, Crowgey EL. Impact of Early Feeding: Metagenomics Analysis of the Infant Gut Microbiome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:816601. [PMID: 35310842 PMCID: PMC8931315 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.816601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Different feeding regimens in infancy alter the gastrointestinal (gut) microbial environment. The fecal microbiota in turn influences gastrointestinal homeostasis including metabolism, immune function, and extra-/intra-intestinal signaling. Advances in next generation sequencing (NGS) have enhanced our ability to study the gut microbiome of breast-fed (BF) and formula-fed (FF) infants with a data-driven hypothesis approach. Methods Next generation sequencing libraries were constructed from fecal samples of BF (n=24) and FF (n=10) infants and sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2500. Taxonomic classification of the NGS data was performed using the Sunbeam/Kraken pipeline and a functional analysis at the gene level was performed using publicly available algorithms, including BLAST, and custom scripts. Differentially represented genera, genes, and NCBI Clusters of Orthologous Genes (COG) were determined between cohorts using count data and R (statistical packages edgeR and DESeq2). Results Thirty-nine genera were found to be differentially represented between the BF and FF cohorts (FDR ≤ 0.01) including Parabacteroides, Enterococcus, Haemophilus, Gardnerella, and Staphylococcus. A Welch t-test of the Shannon diversity index for BF and FF samples approached significance (p=0.061). Bray-Curtis and Jaccard distance analyses demonstrated clustering and overlap in each analysis. Sixty COGs were significantly overrepresented and those most significantly represented in BF vs. FF samples showed dichotomy of categories representing gene functions. Over 1,700 genes were found to be differentially represented (abundance) between the BF and FF cohorts. Conclusions Fecal samples analyzed from BF and FF infants demonstrated differences in microbiota genera. The BF cohort includes greater presence of beneficial genus Bifidobacterium. Several genes were identified as present at different abundances between cohorts indicating differences in functional pathways such as cellular defense mechanisms and carbohydrate metabolism influenced by feeding. Confirmation of gene level NGS data via PCR and electrophoresis analysis revealed distinct differences in gene abundances associated with important biologic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Di Guglielmo
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children’s Health, Wilmington, DE, United States and Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Matthew D. Di Guglielmo,
| | - Karl R. Franke
- Biomedical Research Department, Nemours Children’s Health, Wilmington, DE, United States
| | - Alan Robbins
- Biomedical Research Department, Nemours Children’s Health, Wilmington, DE, United States
| | - Erin L. Crowgey
- Biomedical Research Department, Nemours Children’s Health, Wilmington, DE, United States
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27
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Cheema AS, Trevenen ML, Turlach BA, Furst AJ, Roman AS, Bode L, Gridneva Z, Lai CT, Stinson LF, Payne MS, Geddes DT. Exclusively Breastfed Infant Microbiota Develops over Time and Is Associated with Human Milk Oligosaccharide Intakes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2804. [PMID: 35269946 PMCID: PMC8910998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal development of maternal and infant microbiomes during early life impacts short- and long-term infant health. This study aimed to characterize bacterial dynamics within maternal faecal, human milk (HM), infant oral, and infant faecal samples during the exclusive breastfeeding period and to document associations between human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) intakes and infant oral and faecal bacterial profiles. Maternal and infant samples (n = 10) were collected at 2−5, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days postpartum and the full-length 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene was sequenced. Nineteen HMOs were quantitated using high-performance liquid chromatography. Bacterial profiles were unique to each sample type and changed significantly over time, with a large degree of intra- and inter-individual variation in all sample types. Beta diversity was stable over time within infant faecal, maternal faecal and HM samples, however, the infant oral microbiota at day 2−5 significantly differed from all other time points (all p < 0.02). HMO concentrations and intakes significantly differed over time, and HMO intakes showed differential associations with taxa observed in infant oral and faecal samples. The direct clinical relevance of this, however, is unknown. Regardless, future studies should account for intakes of HMOs when modelling the impact of HM on infant growth, as it may have implications for infant microbiota development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sadiq Cheema
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (A.S.C.); (Z.G.); (C.T.L.); (L.F.S.)
| | - Michelle Louise Trevenen
- Centre for Applied Statistics, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (M.L.T.); (B.A.T.)
| | - Berwin Ashoka Turlach
- Centre for Applied Statistics, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (M.L.T.); (B.A.T.)
| | - Annalee June Furst
- Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (A.J.F.); (A.S.R.); (L.B.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ana Sophia Roman
- Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (A.J.F.); (A.S.R.); (L.B.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lars Bode
- Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (A.J.F.); (A.S.R.); (L.B.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zoya Gridneva
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (A.S.C.); (Z.G.); (C.T.L.); (L.F.S.)
| | - Ching Tat Lai
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (A.S.C.); (Z.G.); (C.T.L.); (L.F.S.)
| | - Lisa Faye Stinson
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (A.S.C.); (Z.G.); (C.T.L.); (L.F.S.)
| | - Matthew Scott Payne
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia;
- Women and Infants Research Foundation, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia
| | - Donna Tracy Geddes
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (A.S.C.); (Z.G.); (C.T.L.); (L.F.S.)
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28
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Sprenger N, Tytgat HL, Binia A, Austin S, Singhal A. Biology of human milk oligosaccharides: from Basic Science to Clinical Evidence. J Hum Nutr Diet 2022; 35:280-299. [PMID: 35040200 PMCID: PMC9304252 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been researched by scientists for over 100 years, driven by the substantial evidence for the nutritional and health benefits of mother's milk. Yet research has truly bloomed during the last decade, thanks to the progress in biotechnology, which allowed the production of large amounts of bona fide HMOs. The availability of HMOs has been particularly crucial for the renewed interest in HMO research because of the low abundance or even absence of HMOs in farmed animal milk. This interest is reflected in the increasing number of original research publications and reviews on HMOs. Here, we provide an overview and critical discussion on structure function relations of HMOs that highlight why they are such interesting and important components of human milk. Clinical observations in breastfed infants backed by basic research from animal models provide guidance as to what physiological roles for HMOs are to be expected. From an evidence-based nutrition viewpoint, we discuss the current data supporting clinical relevance of specific HMOs based on randomized placebo controlled clinical intervention trials in formula-fed infants. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hanne Lp Tytgat
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aristea Binia
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sean Austin
- Nestlé Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Atul Singhal
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
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29
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Human Milk Oligosaccharides Reduce Murine Group B Streptococcus Vaginal Colonization with Minimal Impact on the Vaginal Microbiota. mSphere 2022; 7:e0088521. [PMID: 34986315 PMCID: PMC8730812 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00885-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonizes the vaginal mucosa of a significant percentage of healthy women and is a leading cause of neonatal bacterial infections. Currently, pregnant women are screened in the last month of pregnancy, and GBS-positive women are given antibiotics during parturition to prevent bacterial transmission to the neonate. Recently, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) isolated from breastmilk were found to inhibit GBS growth and biofilm formation in vitro, and women that make certain HMOs are less likely to be vaginally colonized with GBS. Using in vitro human vaginal epithelial cells and a murine vaginal colonization model, we tested the impact of HMO treatment on GBS burdens and the composition of the endogenous microbiota by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. HMO treatment reduced GBS vaginal burdens in vivo with minimal alterations to the vaginal microbiota. HMOs displayed potent inhibitory activity against GBS in vitro, but HMO pretreatment did not alter adherence of GBS or the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus to human vaginal epithelial cells. In addition, disruption of a putative GBS glycosyltransferase (Δsan_0913) rendered the bacterium largely resistant to HMO inhibition in vitro and in vivo but did not compromise its adherence, colonization, or biofilm formation in the absence of HMOs. We conclude that HMOs are a promising therapeutic bioactive to limit GBS vaginal colonization with minimal impacts on the vaginal microenvironment. IMPORTANCE During pregnancy, GBS ascension into the uterus can cause fetal infection or preterm birth. In addition, GBS exposure during labor creates a risk of serious disease in the vulnerable newborn and mother postpartum. Current recommended prophylaxis consists of administering broad-spectrum antibiotics to GBS-positive mothers during labor. Although antibiotics have significantly reduced GBS neonatal disease, there are several unintended consequences, including altered neonatal gut bacteria and increased risk for other types of infection. Innovative preventions displaying more targeted antimicrobial activity, while leaving the maternal microbiota intact, are thus appealing. Using a mouse model, we found that human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) reduce GBS burdens without perturbing the vaginal microbiota. We conclude that HMOs are a promising alternative to antibiotics to reduce GBS neonatal disease.
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Colston JM, Taniuchi M, Ahmed T, Ferdousi T, Kabir F, Mduma E, Nshama R, Iqbal NT, Haque R, Ahmed T, Ali Bhutta Z, Kosek MN, Platts-Mills JA. Intestinal Colonization With Bifidobacterium longum Subspecies Is Associated With Length at Birth, Exclusive Breastfeeding, and Decreased Risk of Enteric Virus Infections, but Not With Histo-Blood Group Antigens, Oral Vaccine Response or Later Growth in Three Birth Cohorts. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:804798. [PMID: 35252058 PMCID: PMC8888871 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.804798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium longum subspecies detected in infant stool have been associated with numerous subsequent health outcomes and are potential early markers of deviation from healthy developmental trajectories. This analysis derived indicators of carriage and early colonization with B. infantis and B. longum and quantified their associations with a panel of early-life exposures and outcomes. In a sub-study nested within a multi-site birth cohort, extant stool samples from infants in Bangladesh, Pakistan and Tanzania were tested for presence and quantity of two Bifidobacterium longum subspecies. The results were matched to indicators of nutritional status, enteropathogen infection, histo-blood group antigens, vaccine response and feeding status and regression models were fitted to test for associations while adjusting for covariates. B. infantis was associated with lower quantity of and decreased odds of colonization with B. longum, and vice versa. Length at birth was associated with a 0.36 increase in log10 B. infantis and a 0.28 decrease in B. longum quantity at 1 month of age. B. infantis colonization was associated with fewer viral infections and small reductions in the risk of rotavirus and sapovirus infections, but not reduced overall diarrheal disease risk. No associations with vaccine responses, HBGAs or later nutritional status were identified. Suboptimal intrauterine growth and a shorter duration of exclusive breastfeeding may predispose infants to early intestinal colonization with the B. longum subspecies at the expense of B. infantis, thus denying them potential benefits of reduced enteric virus episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh M Colston
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Mami Taniuchi
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Tahmina Ahmed
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Tania Ferdousi
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Furqan Kabir
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Estomih Mduma
- Haydom Global Health Research Centre, Haydom, Tanzania
| | | | - Najeeha Talat Iqbal
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rashidul Haque
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zulfiqar Ali Bhutta
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Margaret N Kosek
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - James A Platts-Mills
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Sakarya E, Sanlier NT, Sanlier N. The relationship between human milk, a functional nutrient, and microbiota. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-13. [PMID: 34872407 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2008301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota begins to take shape in the mother's womb, changes depending on many factors. It is known that the intestinal microbiota has an important role in the maturation of the immune system, also in the prevention of diseases that occur in newborn, childhood, adulthood. Nutrition is the main factor on the development of microbiota in infants after birth. The microbiota compositions of breastfed infants are different from formula-fed infants. Breast milk oligosaccharides play an important role in the development of infants' microbiota. The higher number of Bifidobacterium species and lower α and β diversity in breastfed infants are considered protective. A dysbiosis occurring in the microbiota can cause adverse effects on health. Human milk oligosaccharides also have protective effects on the microbiota. These protective effects are to promote the growth of intestinal microbiota, prevent the adhesion of viruses to the colon, promote the growth of Bifidobacterium with its prebiotic effect. Short-chain fatty acids resulting from their digestion, also have protective effects. Another component that shapes the gut microbiota is HM glycoproteins. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of breast milk on the development of microbiota, to present the results by scanning the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Sakarya
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara Medipol University, Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nazlı Tunca Sanlier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nevin Sanlier
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
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32
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Hill L, Sharma R, Hart L, Popov J, Moshkovich M, Pai N. The neonatal microbiome in utero and beyond: perinatal influences and long-term impacts. J LAB MED 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/labmed-2021-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The neonatal microbiome offers a valuable model for studying the origins of human health and disease. As the field of metagenomics expands, we also increase our understanding of early life influences on its development. In this review we will describe common techniques used to define and measure the microbiome. We will review in utero influences, normal perinatal development, and known risk factors for abnormal neonatal microbiome development. Finally, we will summarize current evidence that links early life microbial impacts on the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, obesity, and atopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Hill
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition , McMaster Children’s Hospital, McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada
- Department of Human Biology, Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Ruchika Sharma
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition , McMaster Children’s Hospital, McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada
- McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada
| | - Lara Hart
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition , McMaster Children’s Hospital, McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada
| | - Jelena Popov
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition , McMaster Children’s Hospital, McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada
- University College Cork, College of Medicine and Health , Cork , Ireland
| | - Michal Moshkovich
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition , McMaster Children’s Hospital, McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences , McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada
| | - Nikhil Pai
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition , McMaster Children’s Hospital, McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute , McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada
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33
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Seppo AE, Bu K, Jumabaeva M, Thakar J, Choudhury RA, Yonemitsu C, Bode L, Martina CA, Allen M, Tamburini S, Piras E, Wallach DS, Looney RJ, Clemente JC, Järvinen KM. Infant gut microbiome is enriched with Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis in Old Order Mennonites with traditional farming lifestyle. Allergy 2021; 76:3489-3503. [PMID: 33905556 DOI: 10.1111/all.14877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing up on traditional, single-family farms is associated with protection against asthma in school age, but the mechanisms against early manifestations of atopic disease are largely unknown. We sought determine the gut microbiome and metabolome composition in rural Old Order Mennonite (OOM) infants at low risk and Rochester, NY urban/suburban infants at high risk for atopic diseases. METHODS In a cohort of 65 OOM and 39 Rochester mother-infant pairs, 101 infant stool and 61 human milk samples were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing for microbiome composition and qPCR to quantify Bifidobacterium spp. and B. longum ssp. infantis (B. infantis), a consumer of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). Fatty acids (FAs) were analyzed in 34 stool and human 24 milk samples. Diagnoses and symptoms of atopic diseases by 3 years of age were assessed by telephone. RESULTS At a median age of 2 months, stool was enriched with Bifidobacteriaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Aerococcaceae in the OOM compared with Rochester infants. B. infantis was more abundant (p < .001) and prevalent, detected in 70% of OOM compared with 21% of Rochester infants (p < .001). Stool colonized with B. infantis had higher levels of lactate and several medium- to long/odd-chain FAs. In contrast, paired human milk was enriched with a distinct set of FAs including butyrate. Atopic diseases were reported in 6.5% of OOM and 35% of Rochester children (p < .001). CONCLUSION A high rate of B. infantis colonization, similar to that seen in developing countries, is found in the OOM at low risk for atopic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti E. Seppo
- Division of Allergy and Immunology Center for Food Allergy Department of Pediatrics University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Golisano Children's Hospital Rochester New York USA
| | - Kevin Bu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology Precision Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York City NY USA
| | - Madina Jumabaeva
- Division of Allergy and Immunology Center for Food Allergy Department of Pediatrics University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Golisano Children's Hospital Rochester New York USA
| | - Juilee Thakar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Biostatistics University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester New York USA
| | - Rakin A. Choudhury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Biostatistics University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester New York USA
| | - Chloe Yonemitsu
- Division of Neonatology and Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - Lars Bode
- Division of Neonatology and Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
- Mother‐Milk‐Infant Center of Research Excellence (MOMI CORE) University of California, San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - Camille A. Martina
- Department of Public Health & Environmental Medicine University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester New York USA
| | - Maria Allen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology Department of Medicine University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester New York USA
| | - Sabrina Tamburini
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology Precision Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York City NY USA
| | - Enrica Piras
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology Precision Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York City NY USA
| | - David S. Wallach
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology Precision Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York City NY USA
| | - R. John Looney
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology Department of Medicine University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester New York USA
| | - Jose C. Clemente
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology Precision Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York City NY USA
| | - Kirsi M. Järvinen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology Center for Food Allergy Department of Pediatrics University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Golisano Children's Hospital Rochester New York USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester New York USA
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34
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Microbiome profiles are associated with cognitive functioning in 45-month-old children. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 98:151-160. [PMID: 34371134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors have been shown to shape neurobiological functioning and alter the risk for mental disorders later in life. The gut microbiome is established early in life, and interacts with the brain via the brain-immune-gut axis. However, little is known about how the microbiome relates to early-life cognitive functioning in children. The present study, where the fecal microbiome of 380 children was characterized using 16S rDNA and metagenomic sequencing aimed to investigate the association between the microbiota and cognitive functioning of children at the age of 45 months measured with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-III). Overall the microbiome profile showed a significant association with cognitive functioning. A strong correlation was found between cognitive functioning and the relative abundance of an unidentified genus of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Follow-up mediation analyses revealed significant mediation effects of the level of this genus on the association of maternal smoking during pregnancy and current cigarette smoking with cognitive function. Metagenomic sequencing of a subset of these samples indicated that the identified genus was most closely related to Enterobacter asburiae. Analysis of metabolic potential showed a nominally significant association of cognitive functioning with the microbial norspermidine biosynthesis pathway. Our results indicate that alteration of the gut microflora is associated with cognitive functioning in childhood. Furthermore, they suggest that the altered microflora might interact with other environmental factors such as maternal cigarette smoking. Interventions directed at altering the microbiome should be explored in terms of improving cognitive functioning in young children.
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Sudarma V, Hegar B, Hidayat A, Agustina R. Human Milk Oligosaccharides as a Missing Piece in Combating Nutritional Issues during Exclusive Breastfeeding. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2021; 24:501-509. [PMID: 34796094 PMCID: PMC8593363 DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2021.24.6.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive studies have shown that breast milk is the best source of nutrition for infants, especially during the first six months, because it fulfills almost all of their nutritional needs. Among the many functional building blocks in breast milk, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been receiving more attention recently. Furthermore, it is the third most common group of compounds in human milk, and studies have demonstrated the health benefits it provides for infants, including improved nutritional status. HMOs were previously known as the 'bifidus factor' due to their 'bifidogenic' or prebiotic effects, which enabled the nourishment of the gastrointestinal microbiota. Healthy gastrointestinal microbiota are intestinal health substrates that increase nutrient absorption and reduce the incidence of diarrhea. In addition, HMOs, directly and indirectly, protect infants against infections and strengthen their immune system, leading to a positive energy balance and promoting normal growth. Non-modifiable factors, such as genetics, and modifiable factors (e.g., maternal health, diet, nutritional status, environment) can influence the HMO profile. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of how HMOs can contribute to the prevention and treatment of nutritional issues during exclusive breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verawati Sudarma
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Badriul Hegar
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Adi Hidayat
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rina Agustina
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Human Nutrition Research Center, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Mitchell LK, Davies PSW. Pre- and probiotics in the management of children with autism and gut issues: a review of the current evidence. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 76:913-921. [PMID: 34675402 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-01027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Manipulation of the gut microbiome offers a promising treatment option for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) for whom functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are a common comorbidity. Both ASD and FGIDs have been linked to dysfunction of the microbiome-gut-brain (MGB) axis. Dysfunction of this bidirectional network has the ability to impact multiple host processes including gastrointestinal (GI) function, mood and behaviour. Prebiotic and probiotic supplementation aims to produce beneficial shifts within the gut environment, resulting in favourable changes to microbial metabolite production and gastrointestinal function. The aim of this review is to investigate the gut microbiome as a therapeutic target for children with ASD. Evidence for the utility of prebiotics, probiotics or synbiotics (i.e., prebiotic + probiotic) among this cohort is examined. Electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Medline and clinicaltrials.gov) were searched using keywords or phrases to review the literature from 1 January 2010 to 30 October 2020. Findings suggest limited, but preliminary evidence of efficacy in relieving GI distress, improving ASD-associated behaviours, altering microbiota composition, and reducing inflammatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne K Mitchell
- Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Peter S W Davies
- Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Human Milk Oligosaccharides: A Comprehensive Review towards Metabolomics. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8090804. [PMID: 34572236 PMCID: PMC8465502 DOI: 10.3390/children8090804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the third most represented component in breast milk. They serve not only as prebiotics but they exert a protective role against some significant neonatal pathologies such as necrotizing enterocolitis. Furthermore, they can program the immune system and consequently reduce allergies and autoimmune diseases’ incidence. HMOs also play a crucial role in brain development and in the gut barrier’s maturation. Moreover, the maternal genetic factors influencing different HMO patterns and their modulation by the interaction and the competition between active enzymes have been widely investigated in the literature, but there are few studies concerning the role of other factors such as maternal health, nutrition, and environmental influence. In this context, metabolomics, one of the newest “omics” sciences that provides a snapshot of the metabolites present in bio-fluids, such as breast milk, could be useful to investigate the HMO content in human milk. The authors performed a review, from 2012 to the beginning of 2021, concerning the application of metabolomics to investigate the HMOs, by using Pubmed, Researchgate and Scopus as source databases. Through this technology, it is possible to know in real-time whether a mother produces a specific oligosaccharide, keeping into consideration that there are other modifiable and unmodifiable factors that influence HMO production from a qualitative and a quantitative point of view. Although further studies are needed to provide clinical substantiation, in the future, thanks to metabolomics, this could be possible by using a dipstick and adding the eventual missing oligosaccharide to the breast milk or formula in order to give the best and the most personalized nutritional regimen for each newborn, adjusting to different necessities.
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Wood H, Acharjee A, Pearce H, Quraishi MN, Powell R, Rossiter A, Beggs A, Ewer A, Moss P, Toldi G. Breastfeeding promotes early neonatal regulatory T-cell expansion and immune tolerance of non-inherited maternal antigens. Allergy 2021; 76:2447-2460. [PMID: 33432577 DOI: 10.1111/all.14736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding is associated with long-term health benefits, such as a lower incidence of childhood infections, asthma, obesity and autoimmune disorders. However, little is known regarding how the maternal and neonatal immune systems interact after parturition when the neonate receives nutrition from maternal breast milk. METHODS We undertook a comparative analysis of immune repertoire and function at birth and 3 weeks of age in a cohort of 38 term neonates born by caesarean section grouped according to feeding method (breast milk versus formula). We used flow cytometry to study the immune phenotype in neonatal and maternal blood samples and mixed lymphocyte reactions to establish the proliferation response of neonatal versus maternal lymphocytes and vice versa. The microbiome of neonatal stool samples was also investigated using 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS We show that the proportion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) increases in this period and is nearly twofold higher in exclusively breastfed neonates compared with those who received formula milk only. Moreover, breastfed neonates show a specific and Treg-dependent reduction in proliferative T-cell responses to non-inherited maternal antigens (NIMA), associated with a reduction in inflammatory cytokine production. We also observed the enrichment of short chain fatty acid producing taxa (Veillonella and Gemella) in stool samples of exclusively breastfed neonates. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that exposure of the neonate to maternal cells through breastfeeding acts to drive the maturation of Tregs and 'tolerizes' the neonate towards NIMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Wood
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Neonatology, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS FT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Animesh Acharjee
- Centre for Computational Biology, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS FT, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS FT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hayden Pearce
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Richard Powell
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Amanda Rossiter
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew Beggs
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew Ewer
- Department of Neonatology, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS FT, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gergely Toldi
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Neonatology, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS FT, Birmingham, UK
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Berding K, Vlckova K, Marx W, Schellekens H, Stanton C, Clarke G, Jacka F, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Diet and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1239-1285. [PMID: 33693453 PMCID: PMC8321864 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the gut microbiota has emerged as a key component in regulating brain processes and behavior. Diet is one of the major factors involved in shaping the gut microbiota composition across the lifespan. However, whether and how diet can affect the brain via its effects on the microbiota is only now beginning to receive attention. Several mechanisms for gut-to-brain communication have been identified, including microbial metabolites, immune, neuronal, and metabolic pathways, some of which could be prone to dietary modulation. Animal studies investigating the potential of nutritional interventions on the microbiota-gut-brain axis have led to advancements in our understanding of the role of diet in this bidirectional communication. In this review, we summarize the current state of the literature triangulating diet, microbiota, and host behavior/brain processes and discuss potential underlying mechanisms. Additionally, determinants of the responsiveness to a dietary intervention and evidence for the microbiota as an underlying modulator of the effect of diet on brain health are outlined. In particular, we emphasize the understudied use of whole-dietary approaches in this endeavor and the need for greater evidence from clinical populations. While promising results are reported, additional data, specifically from clinical cohorts, are required to provide evidence-based recommendations for the development of microbiota-targeted, whole-dietary strategies to improve brain and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wolfgang Marx
- Deakin University, iMPACT – the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC,Australia
| | - Harriet Schellekens
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Felice Jacka
- Deakin University, iMPACT – the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC,Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Sangild PT, Vonderohe C, Melendez Hebib V, Burrin DG. Potential Benefits of Bovine Colostrum in Pediatric Nutrition and Health. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082551. [PMID: 34444709 PMCID: PMC8402036 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine colostrum (BC), the first milk produced from cows after parturition, is increasingly used as a nutritional supplement to promote gut function and health in other species, including humans. The high levels of whey and casein proteins, immunoglobulins (Igs), and other milk bioactives in BC are adapted to meet the needs of newborn calves. However, BC supplementation may improve health outcomes across other species, especially when immune and gut functions are immature in early life. We provide a review of BC composition and its effects in infants and children in health and selected diseases (diarrhea, infection, growth-failure, preterm birth, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), short-bowel syndrome, and mucositis). Human trials and animal studies (mainly in piglets) are reviewed to assess the scientific evidence of whether BC is a safe and effective antimicrobial and immunomodulatory nutritional supplement that reduces clinical complications related to preterm birth, infections, and gut disorders. Studies in infants and animals suggest that BC should be supplemented at an optimal age, time, and level to be both safe and effective. Exclusive BC feeding is not recommended for infants because of nutritional imbalances relative to human milk. On the other hand, adverse effects, including allergies and intolerance, appear unlikely when BC is provided as a supplement within normal nutrition guidelines for infants and children. Larger clinical trials in infant populations are needed to provide more evidence of health benefits when patients are supplemented with BC in addition to human milk or formula. Igs and other bioactive factors in BC may work in synergy, making it critical to preserve bioactivity with gentle processing and pasteurization methods. BC has the potential to become a safe and effective nutritional supplement for several pediatric subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Torp Sangild
- Comparative Pediatrics & Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet, DK-1870 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Caitlin Vonderohe
- USDA-ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Pediatrics, Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.V.); (V.M.H.)
| | - Valeria Melendez Hebib
- USDA-ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Pediatrics, Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.V.); (V.M.H.)
| | - Douglas G. Burrin
- USDA-ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Pediatrics, Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.V.); (V.M.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-713-798-7049
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Influence of 2'-Fucosyllactose on the Microbiota Composition and Metabolic Activity of Fecal Cultures from Breastfed and Formula-Fed Infants at Two Months of Age. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071478. [PMID: 34361914 PMCID: PMC8304384 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Although breast milk is considered the gold standard of nutrition for infant feeding, some circumstances may make breastfeeding difficult. Several commercial milk preparations include synthetic human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in their composition. However, the effect of HMOs on the establishment of the intestinal microbiota remains incompletely understood. Independent batch fermentations were performed with feces from six full-term infant donors of two months of age (three breastfed and three formula-fed, exclusively) in the presence of 2′fucosyllactose (2′FL), one of the most abundant HMOs in human milk. Microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing at baseline and at 24 h of incubation. The 2′FL consumption, gas accumulation, and levels of different metabolites were determined by chromatography. Microbiota profiles at baseline were clearly influenced by the mode of feeding and by the intrinsic ability of microbiotas to degrade 2′FL. The 2′FL degradation rate clustered fecal cultures into slow and fast degraders, regardless of feeding type, this being a determinant factor influencing the evolution of the microbiota during incubation, although the low number of donors precludes drawing sound conclusions. More studies are needed to decipher the extent to which the early intervention with HMOs could influence the microbiota as a function of its ability to utilize 2′FL.
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Bardanzellu F, Puddu M, Peroni DG, Fanos V. The clinical impact of maternal weight on offspring health: lights and shadows in breast milk metabolome. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:571-606. [PMID: 34107825 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1940143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity, depending on maternal nutrition and metabolic state, can influence fetal, neonatal and long-term offspring health, regarding cardio-metabolic, respiratory, immunological and cognitive outcomes. Thus, maternal weight can act, through mechanisms that are not full understood, on the physiology and metabolism of some fetal organs and tissues, to adapt themselves to the intrauterine environment and nutritional reserves. These effects could occur by modulating gene expression, neonatal microbiome, and through breastfeeding. AREAS COVERED In this paper, we investigated the potential effects of metabolites found altered in breast milk (BM) of overweight/obese mothers, through an extensive review of metabolomics studies, and the potential short- and long-term clinical effects in the offspring, especially regarding overweight, glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, infections, immune processes, and neurodevelopment. EXPERT OPINION Metabolomics seems the ideal tool to investigate BM variation depending on maternal or fetal/neonatal factors. In particular, BM metabolome alterations according to maternal conditions were recently pointed out in cases of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction and maternal overweight/obesity. In our opinion, even if BM is the food of choice in neonatal nutrition, the deepest comprehension of its composition in overweight/obese mothers could allow targeted supplementation, to improve offspring health and metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaminia Bardanzellu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU and University of Cagliari. SS 554 km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato. Italy
| | - Melania Puddu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU and University of Cagliari. SS 554 km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato. Italy
| | - Diego Giampietro Peroni
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine Department, section of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, Italy. Via Roma, 55, 56126 Pisa PI, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU and University of Cagliari. SS 554 km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato. Italy
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Dinsmoor AM, Aguilar-Lopez M, Khan NA, Donovan SM. A Systematic Review of Dietary Influences on Fecal Microbiota Composition and Function among Healthy Humans 1-20 Years of Age. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1734-1750. [PMID: 33951139 PMCID: PMC8483965 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is a key modulator of fecal microbiota composition and function. However, the influence of diet on the microbiota from toddlerhood to adolescence and young adulthood is less well studied than for infancy and adulthood. We aimed to complete a qualitative systematic review of the impacts of diet on the fecal microbiota of healthy humans 1-20 y of age. English-language articles, published after 2008, indexed in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched using keywords and Medical Subject Headings terms. Quality assessment of included studies was conducted using the Quality Criteria Checklist derived from the Nutrition Evidence Library of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. A total of 973 articles were identified through database searching and 3 additional articles were included via cross-reference. Subsequent to de-duplication, 723 articles were screened by title and abstract, of which 709 were excluded based on inclusion criteria established a priori. The remaining 14 studies were independently screened by 2 reviewers for final inclusion. Included studies were published between 2010 and 2019 and included 8 comparative cross-sectional studies, 4 cross-sectional studies, 1 randomized crossover study, and 1 substudy of a randomized 2-period crossover trial. Associations of a diet rich in indigestible plant polysaccharides with Prevotella, or with an enterotype dominated by this genus, often comprised of the species Prevotella copri, were observed. In addition, associations of a high-fat and -sugar diet with Bacteroides, or with an enterotype dominated by this genus, were observed predominantly in comparative cross-sectional and cross-sectional studies spanning the ages of 1-15 y. This review identified a gap in the literature for ages 16-20 y. In addition, randomized controlled trials for dietary intervention are needed to move from association-based observations to causal relations between diet and microbiota composition and function. This systematic review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero as CRD42020129824.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Dinsmoor
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Miriam Aguilar-Lopez
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Chichlowski M, Bokulich N, Harris CL, Wampler JL, Li F, Berseth CL, Rudolph C, Wu SS. Effect of Bovine Milk Fat Globule Membrane and Lactoferrin in Infant Formula on Gut Microbiome and Metabolome at 4 Months of Age. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab027. [PMID: 33981943 PMCID: PMC8105244 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and lactoferrin (LF) are human-milk bioactive components demonstrated to support gastrointestinal and immune development. Significantly fewer diarrhea and respiratory-associated adverse events through 18 mo of age were previously reported in healthy term infants fed a cow-milk-based infant formula with an added source of bovine MFGM and bovine LF through 12 mo of age. OBJECTIVES The aim was to compare microbiota and metabolite profiles in a subset of study participants. METHODS Stool samples were collected at baseline (10-14 d of age) and day 120. Bacterial community profiling was performed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing and alpha and beta diversity were analyzed (QIIME 2). Differentially abundant taxa were determined using linear discriminant analysis effect size (LefSE) and visualized (Metacoder). Untargeted stool metabolites were analyzed (HPLC/MS) and expressed as the fold-change between group means (control to MFGM+LF ratio). RESULTS Alpha diversity increased significantly in both groups from baseline to 4 mo. Subtle group differences in beta diversity were demonstrated at 4 mo (Jaccard distance; R 2 = 0.01, P = 0.042). Specifically, Bacteroides uniformis and Bacteroides plebeius were more abundant in the MFGM+LF group at 4 mo. Metabolite profile differences for MFGM+LF versus control included lower fecal medium-chain fatty acids, deoxycarnitine, and glycochenodeoxycholate, and some higher fecal carbohydrates and steroids (P < 0.05). After applying multiple test correction, the differences in stool metabolomics were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Addition of bovine MFGM and LF in infant formula was associated with subtle differences in stool microbiome and metabolome by 4 mo of age, including increased prevalence of Bacteroides species. Stool metabolite profiles may be consistent with altered microbial metabolism. This trial was registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02274883.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Chichlowski
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Reckitt|Mead Johnson Nutrition Institute, Evansville, IN, USA
| | - Nicholas Bokulich
- Laboratory of Food Systems Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl L Harris
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Reckitt|Mead Johnson Nutrition Institute, Evansville, IN, USA
| | - Jennifer L Wampler
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Reckitt|Mead Johnson Nutrition Institute, Evansville, IN, USA
| | - Fei Li
- Departments of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics & Child Primary Care, MOE-Shanghai Key Lab for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Carol Lynn Berseth
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Reckitt|Mead Johnson Nutrition Institute, Evansville, IN, USA
| | - Colin Rudolph
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Reckitt|Mead Johnson Nutrition Institute, Evansville, IN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven S Wu
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Reckitt|Mead Johnson Nutrition Institute, Evansville, IN, USA
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Bovine Milk Oligosaccharides and Human Milk Oligosaccharides Modulate the Gut Microbiota Composition and Volatile Fatty Acid Concentrations in a Preclinical Neonatal Model. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050884. [PMID: 33919138 PMCID: PMC8143120 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk oligosaccharides (OS) shape microbiome structure and function, but their relative abundances differ between species. Herein, the impact of the human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) (2′-fucosyllactose [2′FL] and lacto-N-neotetraose [LNnT]) and OS isolated from bovine milk (BMOS) on microbiota composition and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in ascending colon (AC) contents and feces was assessed. Intact male piglets received diets either containing 6.5 g/L BMOS (n = 12), 1.0 g/L 2′FL + 0.5 g/L LNnT (HMO; n = 12), both (HMO + BMOS; n = 10), or neither (CON; n = 10) from postnatal day (PND) 2 to 34. Microbiota were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and real-time PCR, and VFA were measured by gas chromatography. The microbiota was affected by OS in an intestine region-specific manner. BMOS reduced (p < 0.05) microbial richness in the AC, microbiota composition in the AC and feces, and acetate concentrations in AC, regardless of HMO presence. HMO alone did not affect overall microbial composition, but increased (p < 0.05) the relative proportion of specific taxa, including Blautia, compared to other groups. Bacteroides abundance was increased (p < 0.05) in the AC by BMOS and synergistically by BMOS + HMO in the feces. Distinct effects of HMO and BMOS suggest complementary and sometimes synergistic benefits of supplementing a complex mixture of OS to formula.
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Radlowski EC, Wang M, Monaco MH, Comstock SS, Donovan SM. Combination-Feeding Causes Differences in Aspects of Systemic and Mucosal Immune Cell Phenotypes and Functions Compared to Exclusive Sow-Rearing or Formula-Feeding in Piglets. Nutrients 2021; 13:1097. [PMID: 33801785 PMCID: PMC8065485 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Combination feeding (human milk and formula) is common and influences immune development compared to exclusive breastfeeding. Infant formulas contain prebiotics, which influence immune development. Herein, immune development of combination-fed (CF), sow-reared (SR) and formula-fed (FF) piglets, and the effect of prebiotics was tested. Piglets (n = 47) were randomized to: SR, FF, CF, FF+prebiotic (FP), and CF+prebiotic (CP). FP and CP received formula with galactooligosaccharides and inulin (4 g/L in a 4:1 ratio). CF and CP piglets were sow-reared for until d5 and then rotated between a sow and formula every 12 h. On day 21, piglets received an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide 2 h prior to necropsy. Immune cells from blood, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), and spleen were phenotyped. Classical (nitric oxide synthase) and alternative (arginase activity) activation pathways were measured in isolated macrophages. Serum IL-6 and TNF-α were measured by ELISA. SR piglets had lower (p < 0.0001) CD4+ T-helper cells and higher (p < 0.0001) B-cells in PBMC than all other groups. CP piglets had higher (p < 0.0001) arginase activity compared to all other groups. FF piglets had higher (p < 0.05) IL-6 compared to both CF and SR, but were similar to FP and CP. Thus, CF, with or without prebiotics, differentially affected immunity compared to exclusively fed groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Radlowski
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dominican University, River Forest, IL 60305, USA;
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (M.W.); (M.H.M.)
| | - Marcia H. Monaco
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (M.W.); (M.H.M.)
| | - Sarah S. Comstock
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Sharon M. Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (M.W.); (M.H.M.)
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Yeruva L, Munblit D, Collado MC. Editorial: Impact of Early Life Nutrition on Immune System Development and Related Health Outcomes in Later Life. Front Immunol 2021; 12:668569. [PMID: 33841449 PMCID: PMC8027300 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.668569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laxmi Yeruva
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Daniel Munblit
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Child's Health, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.,Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Solov'ev Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Department of Biotechnology, Unit of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
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Janiak MC, Montague MJ, Villamil CI, Stock MK, Trujillo AE, DePasquale AN, Orkin JD, Bauman Surratt SE, Gonzalez O, Platt ML, Martínez MI, Antón SC, Dominguez-Bello MG, Melin AD, Higham JP. Age and sex-associated variation in the multi-site microbiome of an entire social group of free-ranging rhesus macaques. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:68. [PMID: 33752735 PMCID: PMC7986251 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01009-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An individual's microbiome changes over the course of its lifetime, especially during infancy, and again in old age. Confounding factors such as diet and healthcare make it difficult to disentangle the interactions between age, health, and microbial changes in humans. Animal models present an excellent opportunity to study age- and sex-linked variation in the microbiome, but captivity is known to influence animal microbial abundance and composition, while studies of free-ranging animals are typically limited to studies of the fecal microbiome using samples collected non-invasively. Here, we analyze a large dataset of oral, rectal, and genital swabs collected from 105 free-ranging rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta, aged 1 month-26 years), comprising one entire social group, from the island of Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico. We sequenced 16S V4 rRNA amplicons for all samples. RESULTS Infant gut microbial communities had significantly higher relative abundances of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides and lower abundances of Ruminococcus, Fibrobacter, and Treponema compared to older age groups, consistent with a diet high in milk rather than solid foods. The genital microbiome varied widely between males and females in beta-diversity, taxonomic composition, and predicted functional profiles. Interestingly, only penile, but not vaginal, microbiomes exhibited distinct age-related changes in microbial beta-diversity, taxonomic composition, and predicted functions. Oral microbiome composition was associated with age, and was most distinctive between infants and other age classes. CONCLUSIONS Across all three body regions, with notable exceptions in the penile microbiome, while infants were distinctly different from other age groups, microbiomes of adults were relatively invariant, even in advanced age. While vaginal microbiomes were exceptionally stable, penile microbiomes were quite variable, especially at the onset of reproductive age. Relative invariance among adults, including elderly individuals, is contrary to findings in humans and mice. We discuss potential explanations for this observation, including that age-related microbiome variation seen in humans may be related to changes in diet and lifestyle. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike C Janiak
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Alberta, Canada.
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, USA.
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK.
| | - Michael J Montague
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Catalina I Villamil
- School of Chiropractic, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico
| | - Michala K Stock
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Metropolitan State University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Amber E Trujillo
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, USA
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allegra N DePasquale
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joseph D Orkin
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat Pompeu Fabra-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Olga Gonzalez
- Disease Intervention and Prevention, Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michael L Platt
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Melween I Martínez
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Susan C Antón
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, USA
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Amanda D Melin
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - James P Higham
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, USA
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY, USA
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Human Milk-Fed Piglets Have a Distinct Small Intestine and Circulatory Metabolome Profile Relative to That of Milk Formula-Fed Piglets. mSystems 2021; 6:6/1/e01376-20. [PMID: 33563783 PMCID: PMC7883546 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01376-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exclusive HM feeding for newborns is recommended at least for the first 6 months of life. However, when breastfeeding is not possible, MF is recommended as a substitute. The impact of human milk (HM) feeding compared with cow’s milk formula (MF) feeding on small intestinal and circulatory metabolome patterns has not been fully investigated. Therefore, 2-day-old male piglets were fed HM or MF (n = 26/group) from postnatal day 2 (PND 2) through 21 and were weaned to a solid diet until PND 51. The small intestine (gastrointestinal [GI]) contents, serum, and urine were collected from subsets of piglets at PND 21 and PND 51. Samples were subjected to primary metabolomics analyses at the West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis. The metabolome data assessment and the statistical analyses were performed with MetaboAnalyst software. Compared with MF feeding, at PND 21, HM feeding resulted in a higher abundance of fucose in the jejunum and urine and a greater concentration of myo-inositol in serum. In HM-fed piglets, 1,5-anhydroglucitol was higher in the duodenum, serum, and urine at PND 21. Additionally, the HM group had higher levels of urinary kynurenic acid at PND 21. Correlations between bacterial genera and altered metabolites in ileum revealed that Turicibacter sp. and Campylobacter sp. were positively correlated with maltotriose and panose at PND 21, while ileal Campylobacter sp. was negatively correlated with fumaric acid. At PND 51, no significant metabolites were identified between HM and MF diet groups. The metabolites associated with the neonatal diets may serve as the substrates and signals that contribute to the physiological effects in HM and MF during infancy, with a subset reflecting diet-associated differences in microbial metabolism and ecology. IMPORTANCE Exclusive HM feeding for newborns is recommended at least for the first 6 months of life. However, when breastfeeding is not possible, MF is recommended as a substitute. Due to the challenges associated with sample collection from infants fed HM or MF, their gut metabolism is poorly understood. Thus, an established piglet model from our team was used to determine the metabolite profile in relation to host, diet, and microbiota. The current study is the first to provide novel insights across the small intestine metabolism and its association with circulatory metabolites in the HM group relative to the MF group at the weaning and postweaning period. Data also demonstrate that during the neonatal period, diet, host, and microbial metabolism contribute to the lumen and circulatory metabolite profile. Furthermore, small intestinal lumen metabolome can be tracked in the urine as a biomarker of dietary differences, which would be a useful tool for clinical interventions.
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Ke A, Parreira VR, Goodridge L, Farber JM. Current and Future Perspectives on the Role of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics in Controlling Pathogenic Cronobacter Spp. in Infants. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:755083. [PMID: 34745060 PMCID: PMC8567173 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.755083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter species, in particular C. sakazakii, is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen implicated in the development of potentially debilitating illnesses in infants (<12months old). The combination of a poorly developed immune system and gut microbiota put infants at a higher risk of infection compared to other age groups. Probiotics and prebiotics are incorporated in powdered infant formula and, in addition to strengthening gut physiology and stimulating the growth of commensal gut microbiota, have proven antimicrobial capabilities. Postbiotics in the cell-free supernatant of a microbial culture are derived from probiotics and can also exert health benefits. Synbiotics, a mixture of probiotics and prebiotics, may provide further advantages as probiotics and gut commensals degrade prebiotics into short-chain fatty acids that can provide benefits to the host. Cell-culture and animal models have been widely used to study foodborne pathogens, but sophisticated gut models have been recently developed to better mimic the gut conditions, thus giving a more accurate representation of how various treatments can affect the survival and pathogenicity of foodborne pathogens. This review aims to summarize the current understanding on the connection between Cronobacter infections and infants, as well as highlight the potential efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in reducing invasive Cronobacter infections during early infancy.
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