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Chung MY, Kim BH. Fatty acids and epigenetics in health and diseases. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:3153-3166. [PMID: 39328231 PMCID: PMC11422405 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-024-01664-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipids are crucial for human health and reproduction and include diverse fatty acids (FAs), notably polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) and short-chain FAs (SCFAs) that are known for their health benefits. Bioactivities of PUFAs, including ω-6 and ω-3 FAs as well as SCFAs, have been widely studied in various tissues and diseases. Epigenetic regulation has been suggested as a significant mechanism affecting the progression of various diseases, including cancers and metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Epigenetics encompasses the reversible modulation of gene expression without altering the DNA sequence itself, mediated by mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and chromatin remodeling. Bioactive FAs have been demonstrated to regulate gene expression via epigenetic modifications that are potentially important for modulating metabolic control and disease risk. This review paper discusses the evidence in support of bioactive FAs, including ω-6 and ω-3 FAs and SCFAs, eliciting various disease prevention via epigenetic regulation including methylation or acetylation. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yu Chung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangseo University, Seoul, 07661 Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hee Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310 Republic of Korea
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2
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Shay JES, Yilmaz ÖH. Dietary and metabolic effects on intestinal stem cells in health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024:10.1038/s41575-024-00980-7. [PMID: 39358589 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00980-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Diet and nutritional metabolites exhibit wide-ranging effects on health and disease partly by altering tissue composition and function. With rapidly rising rates of obesity, there is particular interest in how obesogenic diets influence tissue homeostasis and risk of tumorigenesis; epidemiologically, these diets have a positive correlation with various cancers, including colorectal cancer. The gastrointestinal tract is a highly specialized, continuously renewing tissue with a fundamental role in nutrient uptake and is, in turn, influenced by diet composition and host metabolic state. Intestinal stem cells are found at the base of the intestinal crypt and can generate all mature lineages that comprise the intestinal epithelium and are uniquely influenced by host diet, metabolic by-products and energy dynamics. Similarly, tumour growth and metabolism can also be shaped by nutrient availability and host diet. In this Review, we discuss how different diets and metabolic changes influence intestinal stem cells in homeostatic and pathological conditions, as well as tumorigenesis. We also discuss how dietary changes and composition affect the intestinal epithelium and its surrounding microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E S Shay
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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3
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Sbai O, Torrisi F, Fabrizio FP, Rabbeni G, Perrone L. Effect of the Mediterranean Diet (MeDi) on the Progression of Retinal Disease: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:3169. [PMID: 39339769 PMCID: PMC11434766 DOI: 10.3390/nu16183169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, the number of individuals suffering from visual impairment, as well as those affected by blindness, is about 600 million and it will further increase in the coming decades. These diseases also seriously affect the quality of life in working-age individuals. Beyond the characterization of metabolic, genetic, and environmental factors related to ocular pathologies, it is important to verify how lifestyle may participate in the induction of the molecular pathways underlying these diseases. On the other hand, scientific studies are also contributing to investigations as to whether lifestyle could intervene in modulating pathophysiological cellular responses, including the production of metabolites and neurohormonal factors, through the intake of natural compounds capable of interfering with molecular mechanisms that lead to ocular diseases. Nutraceuticals are promising in ameliorating pathophysiological complications of ocular disease such as inflammation and neurodegeneration. Moreover, it is important to characterize the nutritional patterns and/or natural compounds that may be beneficial against certain ocular diseases. The adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeDi) is proposed as a promising intervention for the prevention and amelioration of several eye diseases. Several characteristic compounds and micronutrients of MeDi, including vitamins, carotenoids, flavonoids, and omega-3 fatty acids, are proposed as adjuvants against several ocular diseases. In this review, we focus on studies that analyze the effects of MeDi in ameliorating diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, and glaucoma. The analysis of knowledge in this field is requested in order to provide direction on recommendations for nutritional interventions aimed to prevent and ameliorate ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oualid Sbai
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), LR11IPT02, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Filippo Torrisi
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University KORE of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy
| | | | - Graziella Rabbeni
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University KORE of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy
| | - Lorena Perrone
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University KORE of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy
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Karageorgou A, Mouiki D, Lolou DM, Hager-Theodorides AL, Theodorou G, Massouras T, Diamantopoulou P, Simitzis P, Politis I, Goliomytis M. The influence of dietary supplementation with oyster mushroom waste on laying hens' performance, egg quality and immune parameters. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104320. [PMID: 39340970 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) waste (OMW) on performance, egg quality, fatty acid (FA) profile and oxidative stability, serum and yolk cholesterol and immune parameters of laying hens. Two hundred fifty-six laying hens were allocated into 4 treatment groups, with eight replicate cages, and were fed for 28 d either a control diet, or diets supplemented with OMW at 1, 2 or 4 g per 100 g feed (P1, P2 and P4 experimental groups, respectively). No significant effects were detected on the performance and egg quality (P > 0.05) except from a modest decrease in the intensity of orange yolk color from hens fed with OMW, as indicated by the reduced DSM YolkFan score and color parameter a* (redness) (P < 0.05), and the tendency for increased color parameter L* (lightness) (P < 0.1). Serum total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein content were decreased in OMW experimental groups compared with the control group (P, P-linear < 0.05) whereas yolk cholesterol content was unaffected (P > 0.05). The ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes were not influenced by dietary treatment (P > 0.05), whereas T helper lymphocyte (Th) percentage was increased in OMW supplemented groups in comparison with control (P < 0.05, P-quadratic < 0.05). The yolk FA profile was beneficially affected, as shown by the linear increase in polyunsaturated FA and a linear decrease in saturated FA in OMW supplemented groups of hens (P-linear < 0.05), with most notable effects observed in the P4 group. Furthermore, oxidative stability, that was expressed as malondialdehyde content, of both fresh and stored egg yolks for up to 90 d, was significantly improved in OMW supplemented groups (P < 0.05). The beneficial effects of OMW on yolk oxidative stability and FA profile, without adverse effects on performance or egg quality, shows that this byproduct may be successfully employed in laying hens' diets, in a circular economy scheme, with benefits not only for the consumers and farmers but for the environment as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agori Karageorgou
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Despoina Mouiki
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Dimitra-M Lolou
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 11855, Greece
| | | | - Georgios Theodorou
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Theofilos Massouras
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis Simitzis
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Ioannis Politis
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Michael Goliomytis
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 11855, Greece.
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Baytar AA, Yanar EG, Frary A, Doğanlar S. Association mapping and candidate gene identification for yield traits in European hazelnut ( Corylus avellana L.). PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e625. [PMID: 39170862 PMCID: PMC11336203 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) is an important nut crop due to its nutritional benefits, culinary uses, and economic value. Türkiye is the leading producer of hazelnut, followed by Italy and the United States. Quantitative trait locus studies offer promising opportunities for breeders and geneticists to identify genomic regions controlling desirable traits in hazelnut. A genome-wide association analysis was conducted with 5,567 single nucleotide polymorphisms on a Turkish core set of 86 hazelnut accessions, revealing 189 quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) associated with 22 of 31 traits (p < 2.9E-07). These QTNs were associated with plant and leaf, phenological, reproductive, nut, and kernel traits. Based on the close physical distance of QTNs associated with the same trait, we identified 23 quantitative trait loci. Furthermore, we identified 23 loci of multiple QTs comprising chromosome locations associated with more than one trait at the same position or in close proximity. A total of 159 candidate genes were identified for 189 QTNs, with 122 of them containing significant conserved protein domains. Some candidate matches to known proteins/domains were highly significant, suggesting that they have similar functions as their matches. This comprehensive study provides valuable insights for the development of breeding strategies and the improvement of hazelnut and enhances the understanding of the genetic architecture of complex traits by proposing candidate genes and potential functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asena Akköse Baytar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of ScienceIzmir Institute of TechnologyIzmirTürkiye
| | - Ertuğrul Gazi Yanar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of ScienceIzmir Institute of TechnologyIzmirTürkiye
| | - Anne Frary
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of ScienceIzmir Institute of TechnologyIzmirTürkiye
| | - Sami Doğanlar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of ScienceIzmir Institute of TechnologyIzmirTürkiye
- Plant Science and Technology Application and Research CenterIzmir Institute of TechnologyIzmirTürkiye
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Krenek AM, Mathews A, Guo J, Courville AB, Pepine CJ, Chung ST, Aggarwal M. Recipe for Heart Health: A Randomized Crossover Trial on Cardiometabolic Effects of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Within a Whole-Food Plant-Based Vegan Diet. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e035034. [PMID: 39045758 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.124.035034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole-food, plant-based vegan diets, low in oils, and Mediterranean diets, rich in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors. Optimal quantity of dietary fat, particularly EVOO, is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS In a randomized crossover trial with weekly cooking classes, adults with ≥5% cardiovascular disease risk followed a high (4 tablespoons/day) to low (<1 teaspoon/day) or low to high EVOO whole-food, plant-based diet for 4 weeks each, separated by a 1-week washout. The primary outcome was difference in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) from baseline. Secondary measures were changes in additional cardiometabolic markers. Linear mixed models assessed changes from baseline between phases, with age, sex, and body weight change as covariates. In 40 participants, fat intake comprised 48% and 32% of energy during high and low EVOO phases, respectively. Both diets resulted in comparable reductions in LDL-C, total cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (all P<0.05). With diet-sequence interactions for LDL-C, differences were detected between diets by diet order (mean±SEM high to low: Δ-12.7[5.9] mg/dL, P=0.04 versus low to high: Δ+15.8[6.8] mg/dL, P=0.02). Similarly, low to high order led to increased glucose, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (all P<0.05). Over period 1, LDL-C reductions were -25.5(5.1) post-low versus -16.7(4.2) mg/dL post-high EVOO, P=0.162, which diminished over period 2. CONCLUSIONS Both plant-based diet patterns improved cardiometabolic risk profiles compared with baseline diets, with more pronounced decreases in LDL-C after the low EVOO diet. Addition of EVOO after following a low intake pattern may impede further lipid reductions. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT04828447.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Krenek
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Anne Mathews
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Juen Guo
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Amber B Courville
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Carl J Pepine
- Division of Cardiology University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Stephanie T Chung
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Monica Aggarwal
- Division of Cardiology University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
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Liedike B, Khatib M, Tabarsi B, Harris M, Wilson SL, Ortega-Santos CP, Mohr AE, Vega-López S, Whisner CM. Evaluating the Effects of Corn Flour Product Consumption on Cardiometabolic Outcomes and the Gut Microbiota in Adults with Elevated Cholesterol: A Randomized Crossover. J Nutr 2024; 154:2437-2447. [PMID: 38880174 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of whole grains is associated with a reduction in chronic diseases and offers benefits for cardiovascular health and metabolic regulation. The relationship between whole-grain corn and corn bran with the gut microbiota (GM) remains an area of growing interest, particularly regarding their influence on cardiometabolic health. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of different corn flours on cardiometabolic outcomes and GM changes in adults with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL cholesterol) concentrations. METHODS In this crossover study, 36 adults with LDL cholesterol above 110 mg/dL consumed 48 g/d of 3 corn flour types for 4 wk: whole-grain corn meal, refined corn meal (RCM), and a blend of RCM and corn bran (RCM + B). We assessed the impact on cardiometabolic markers [LDL cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL cholesterol), total cholesterol, and triglycerides)] and GM composition and estimated function. Statistical analyses included mixed-effects modeling and responder (>5% decrease in LDL cholesterol) analysis to evaluate changes in GM related to lipid profile improvements. RESULTS Of the 3 corn flour types, only RCM + B significantly decreased LDL cholesterol over time (-10.4 ± 3.6 mg/dL, P = 0.005) and marginally decreased total cholesterol (-9.2 ± 3.9 mg/dL, P = 0.072) over time. There were no significant effects on HDL cholesterol or triglyceride concentrations. No significant changes were observed in GM alpha diversity, whereas beta diversity metrics indicated individual variability. Two genera, unclassified Lachnospiraceae and Agathobaculum (Padj ≤ 0.096), differed significantly by treatment, but only Agathobaculum remained significantly elevated in the whole-grain corn meal, compared to RCM and RCM + B, after adjustment for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS The type of corn flour, particularly RCM + B, notably influenced LDL cholesterol concentrations in adults with elevated LDL cholesterol. This study suggests that incorporating milled fractions (e.g., bran) of whole-grain corn with refined corn flour may be a viable alternative to supplementing manufactured grain products with isolated or synthetic fibers for improved metabolic health. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03967990.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Liedike
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Maissa Khatib
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Baharak Tabarsi
- Community Health Center, Valleywise Health, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Michelle Harris
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Shannon L Wilson
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Carmen P Ortega-Santos
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States; Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Alex E Mohr
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States; Center for Health Through Microbiomes, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Sonia Vega-López
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States; Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States.
| | - Corrie M Whisner
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States; Center for Health Through Microbiomes, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.
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8
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Araki R, Ishikawa C, Kawasaki T, Kobori T, Shoji T, Takayama Y. Effects of Chronic Barley Consumption on Upper Respiratory Tract Symptoms in Japanese Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Parallel-Group, Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:2298. [PMID: 39064742 PMCID: PMC11279517 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
β-(1,3/1,4)-glucan is a major component of cereal grains, such as oats and barley. In this study, we investigated the effects of cooked waxy barley, which contains β-(1,3/1,4)-glucan, on upper respiratory tract physical symptoms and mood status by performing a randomized, parallel-group, comparative trial. The primary outcome was assessed using the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey-21 and Profile of Mood States second edition. Twenty-seven healthy Japanese adult participants were supplemented with 100 g of cooked waxy barley (containing 1.8 g of β-glucan) or 100 g of cooked white rice daily for 8 weeks. Participants receiving cooked waxy barley reported a reduction in cumulative days of sneezing (p < 0.05) and feeling tired (p < 0.0001) compared with the control group. After the intervention period, there were significantly less severe nasal symptoms, such as runny nose, plugged nose, and sneezing (p < 0.05), and a significantly greater reduction of the Tension-Anguish score (p < 0.05) in the barley group than in the control group. This study suggests that supplementation of cooked waxy barley containing β-(1,3/1,4)-glucan prevents or alleviates nasal upper respiratory tract symptoms and improves mood status. The findings of this study should be confirmed by double-blind trials with a larger number of participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Araki
- Division of Food Function Research, Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8642, Ibaraki, Japan; (C.I.); (T.K.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (Y.T.)
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Uriza-Pinzón JP, Verstraete FF, Franco OH, Artola Arita V, Nicolaou M, Van der Schouw YT. Planetary Health Diet Compared to Dutch Dietary Guidelines: Nutritional Content and Adequacy. Nutrients 2024; 16:2219. [PMID: 39064662 PMCID: PMC11280056 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2019, the EAT-Lancet Commission proposed a Planetary Health Diet (PHD) to address challenges toward sustainable and healthy diets. However, its suitability within the Dutch context and a comparison with the Dutch Dietary Guidelines (DDG) needs investigation. Our study aimed to compare the PHD with DDG in terms of food groups, servings, nutritional content, and adequacy in adults. We modeled two theoretical diets, the PHD (PHD-NL) and another based on the DDG (DDG-NL), using the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey (FCS-2016) and Dutch Food Composition Database to calculate the nutritional content and compared it with the Dutch Dietary Reference Values (DRVs). The PHD included higher quantities of vegetables, fish, legumes, and nuts, while the DDG suggested more significant amounts of cereals, tubers, starchy vegetables, dairy, and red meat. We observed differences in macronutrient distribution; while both diets lacked sufficient vitamin D, calcium content was lower in the PHD-NL. The PHD-NL had higher levels of fiber, vegetable protein, unsaturated fats, and non-heme iron, while vitamins B2, B6, B12, and calcium were lower than the DDG-NL diet. The PHD-NL has nutritional adequacy in the Dutch context, except for vitamin D and calcium, although it is essential to be cautious with iron because of the bioavailability of non-heme iron in plant-based diets. These findings have implications for the adoption of a sustainable diet according to nutritional requirements, population health status, and sociocultural context, as well as compliance with specific dietary behaviors of populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieth Pilar Uriza-Pinzón
- Department of Global Public Health & Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.P.U.-P.)
| | - Femke Fleur Verstraete
- Department of Global Public Health & Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.P.U.-P.)
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar H. Franco
- Department of Global Public Health & Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.P.U.-P.)
| | - Vicente Artola Arita
- Department of Global Public Health & Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.P.U.-P.)
| | - Mary Nicolaou
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne T. Van der Schouw
- Department of Global Public Health & Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.P.U.-P.)
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10
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Shen H, Chen D, Wang S, Jin Y, Cheng W. Effects of dietary fiber on maternal health in pregnant women with metabolic syndrome risk: a randomized controlled trial. Food Funct 2024; 15:6597-6609. [PMID: 38809131 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05120j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) during pregnancy can lead to complications such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertensive disorders. In this study, we sought to examine the influence of dietary fiber, from both food sources and soluble fiber supplementation, on the metabolic health and overall pregnancy outcomes of women at high risk of MetS. We conducted a randomized controlled trial involving 376 women between 11 and 13 weeks of gestation. To evaluate dietary fiber intake, we performed an exhaustive dietary component analysis using a food frequency questionnaire. Additionally, the participants in the intervention group received daily soluble fiber supplements until delivery. All participants underwent nutritional consultations and metabolic health assessments at three distinct stages of pregnancy (GW 11-13, GW 24-26, and GW 32-34). Our findings revealed a significant correlation between insufficient dietary fiber intake and an increased risk of GDM, even after adjusting for variables such as maternal age and pre-pregnancy BMI. We also noted that a high total dietary fiber intake was associated with reduced changes in triglyceride levels. In addition, the intervention group showed lower need for constipation medication, and soluble fiber supplementation may offer potential benefits for GDM patients. Importantly, our study verified the safety of long-term soluble fiber supplementation during pregnancy. Our results underscore the importance of adequate fiber intake, particularly from dietary sources, for the metabolic health of pregnant women. Moreover, our findings suggest that early fiber supplementation may benefit pregnant women experiencing constipation or those diagnosed with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuying Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yan Jin
- Nutrition Department, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China.
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Zhu R, Lei Y, Wang S, Zhang J, Mengjiao Lv, Jiang R, Zhou J, Li T, Guo L. Plantago consumption significantly reduces total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Res 2024; 126:123-137. [PMID: 38688104 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Plantago is rich in soluble fiber, known for its beneficial health effects. Given this, we hypothesized that Plantago consumption might positively influence blood lipid in adults. Researchers have conducted numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs), revealing the impacts of Plantago consumption on various blood lipid parameters. However, findings regarding specific blood lipid parameters have shown variability. This study aimed to comprehensively assess the effect of Plantago consumption on blood lipid parameters. Eligible studies evaluating the effects of Plantago consumption on blood lipid were searched in 5 electronic databases published up to August 2023. Analysis used a random effects model to determine weighted mean difference and 95% confidence intervals. In total, 29 RCTs including 2769 participants were included. Compared with the control group, Plantago consumption significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC) by 0.28 mmol/L and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by 0.35 mmol/L, correlating to an estimated 7% decrease in cardiovascular event risk. Conversely, no substantial effects were observed on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglycerides. Subgroup analyses of 29 RCTs revealed that TC concentrations were significantly lowered in studies that included male participants, those who were healthy, or had lipid disorders. Additionally, TC and LDL-C were significantly lower in participants consuming Plantago husk or psyllium, and soluble fiber intake was specifically effective in lowering TC, LDL-C, and triglycerides. In conclusion, Plantago consumption can significantly lower TC and LDL-C concentrations. The findings will provide crucial insights into the potential of Plantago in dietary strategies for blood lipid management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiting Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021
| | - Yangyang Lei
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021
| | - Saikun Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130062
| | - Mengjiao Lv
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021
| | - Ruixue Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021
| | - Jinjian Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021
| | - Tianshu Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021
| | - Lirong Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130021.
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12
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Abbasi S, Khan A, Choudhry MW. New Insights Into the Treatment of Hyperlipidemia: Pharmacological Updates and Emerging Treatments. Cureus 2024; 16:e63078. [PMID: 38919858 PMCID: PMC11196920 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of global mortality and morbidity. Hyperlipidemia is a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular diseases. Hyperlipidemia is characterized by imbalances in blood cholesterol levels, particularly elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, and is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Current management consists of lifestyle modifications and pharmacological interventions most commonly consisting of statins. This review paper explores pathophysiology, management strategies, and pharmacotherapies including commonly used well-established medications including statins, fibrates, and ezetimibe, exciting novel therapies including proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, and RNA interference therapies (inclisiran), lomitapide, and bempedoic acid, highlighting their mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, and safety profiles. Additionally, emerging therapies under clinical trials including ApoC-III inhibitors, DGAT2 inhibitors, ACAT2 Inhibitors, and LPL gene therapies are examined for their potential to improve lipid homeostasis and cardiovascular outcomes. The evolving landscape of hyperlipidemia management underscores the importance of continued research into both established therapies and promising new candidates, offering hope for more effective treatment strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adnan Khan
- Cardiology, St. Joseph's Medical Center, Stockton, USA
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13
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Ghavami A, Talebi S, Barghchi H, Nattagh-Eshtivani E, Mohammadi H, Ziaei R. No benefit of soluble fiber on liver function. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2024; 94:394-404. [PMID: 38044659 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: To conduct a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of current findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of soluble fiber supplementation on liver function in both healthy individuals and people with specific health conditions, PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science were systematically searched for relevant RCTs published prior to April 2022. Methods: We estimated the change in liver function parameters for each 5 g/d increment in soluble fiber in each trial and then calculated the mean difference (MD) and 95%CI. A total of 25 RCTs with 27 treatment arms (1744 subjects; 884 cases, 860 controls) were included. Results: A total of 25 RCTs with 27 treatment arms were included. The intervention duration of the included studies ranged from 3 to 52 weeks and the dose of soluble fiber supplementation varied from 0.0025 to 40 g/d. Soluble fiber supplementation could not significantly affect serum alanine transaminase (MD: -0.02 U/L, 95% CI: -1.06 to 1.01), aspartate transaminase (MD: -0.34 U/L, 95% CI: -0.84 to 0.15), alkaline phosphatase (MD: 0.29 U/L, -0.14 to 0.71), gamma-glutamyl transferase (MD: 0.12 U/L; 95% CI: -0.81 to 1.05), serum bilirubin (MD: 0.42μmol/L, 95% CI: -0.08 to 0.93) and albumin (MD: 0.64 g/dl, 95% CI: -0.42 to 1.70) levels. Conclusions: Findings from this study did not support the beneficial effects of soluble fiber supplementation on liver function biomarkers. There is a need for long-term high-quality interventions to examine the effects of different types and doses of soluble fibers on liver function as primary outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abed Ghavami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Sepide Talebi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Hanieh Barghchi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Elyas Nattagh-Eshtivani
- Nutrition, Food Sciences and Clinical Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Rahele Ziaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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14
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Okamura T, Tsukamoto K, Arai H, Fujioka Y, Ishigaki Y, Koba S, Ohmura H, Shoji T, Yokote K, Yoshida H, Yoshida M, Deguchi J, Dobashi K, Fujiyoshi A, Hamaguchi H, Hara M, Harada-Shiba M, Hirata T, Iida M, Ikeda Y, Ishibashi S, Kanda H, Kihara S, Kitagawa K, Kodama S, Koseki M, Maezawa Y, Masuda D, Miida T, Miyamoto Y, Nishimura R, Node K, Noguchi M, Ohishi M, Saito I, Sawada S, Sone H, Takemoto M, Wakatsuki A, Yanai H. Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) Guidelines for Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases 2022. J Atheroscler Thromb 2024; 31:641-853. [PMID: 38123343 DOI: 10.5551/jat.gl2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Okamura
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Yoshio Fujioka
- Faculty of Nutrition, Division of Clinical Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University
| | - Yasushi Ishigaki
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University
| | - Shinji Koba
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Hirotoshi Ohmura
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tetsuo Shoji
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate school of Medicine
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital
| | | | - Juno Deguchi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University
| | - Kazushige Dobashi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
| | | | | | - Masumi Hara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mizonokuchi Hospital, Teikyo University School of Medicine
| | - Mariko Harada-Shiba
- Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute
| | - Takumi Hirata
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, Nara Medical University
| | - Mami Iida
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center
| | - Yoshiyuki Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine
- Current affiliation: Ishibashi Diabetes and Endocrine Clinic
| | - Hideyuki Kanda
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Shinji Kihara
- Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University graduate School of medicine
| | - Kazuo Kitagawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital
| | - Satoru Kodama
- Department of Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promotion of Health Checkup, Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Masahiro Koseki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Daisaku Masuda
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Innovative Medicine and Therapeutics, Dementia Care Center, Doctor's Support Center, Health Care Center, Rinku General Medical Center
| | - Takashi Miida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Rimei Nishimura
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University
| | - Midori Noguchi
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Mitsuru Ohishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University
| | - Isao Saito
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University
| | - Shojiro Sawada
- Division of Metabolism and Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hirohito Sone
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, International University of Health and Welfare
| | | | - Hidekatsu Yanai
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital
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15
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Olteanu G, Ciucă-Pană MA, Busnatu ȘS, Lupuliasa D, Neacșu SM, Mititelu M, Musuc AM, Ioniță-Mîndrican CB, Boroghină SC. Unraveling the Microbiome-Human Body Axis: A Comprehensive Examination of Therapeutic Strategies, Interactions and Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5561. [PMID: 38791599 PMCID: PMC11122276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This review scrutinizes the intricate interplay between the microbiome and the human body, exploring its multifaceted dimensions and far-reaching implications. The human microbiome, comprising diverse microbial communities inhabiting various anatomical niches, is increasingly recognized as a critical determinant of human health and disease. Through an extensive examination of current research, this review elucidates the dynamic interactions between the microbiome and host physiology across multiple organ systems. Key topics include the establishment and maintenance of microbiota diversity, the influence of host factors on microbial composition, and the bidirectional communication pathways between microbiota and host cells. Furthermore, we delve into the functional implications of microbiome dysbiosis in disease states, emphasizing its role in shaping immune responses, metabolic processes, and neurological functions. Additionally, this review discusses emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating the microbiome to restore host-microbe homeostasis and promote health. Microbiota fecal transplantation represents a groundbreaking therapeutic approach in the management of dysbiosis-related diseases, offering a promising avenue for restoring microbial balance within the gut ecosystem. This innovative therapy involves the transfer of fecal microbiota from a healthy donor to an individual suffering from dysbiosis, aiming to replenish beneficial microbial populations and mitigate pathological imbalances. By synthesizing findings from diverse fields, this review offers valuable insights into the complex relationship between the microbiome and the human body, highlighting avenues for future research and clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Olteanu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Maria-Alexandra Ciucă-Pană
- Department of Cardiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bagdasar-Arseni Emergency Hospital, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ștefan Sebastian Busnatu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Dumitru Lupuliasa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Bio-Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020945 Bucharest, Romania; (D.L.); (S.M.N.)
| | - Sorinel Marius Neacșu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Bio-Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020945 Bucharest, Romania; (D.L.); (S.M.N.)
| | - Magdalena Mititelu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Adina Magdalena Musuc
- Institute of Physical Chemistry—Ilie Murgulescu, Romanian Academy, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina-Bianca Ioniță-Mîndrican
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020945 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Steluța Constanța Boroghină
- Department of Complementary Sciences, History of Medicine and Medical Culture, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
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16
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Nishihara S, Koseki M, Tanaka K, Omatsu T, Sawabe H, Inui H, Saga A, Okada T, Higo T, Ohama T, Nishida M, Sakata Y, Watanabe M. Twin Study: The Factors Affecting the Serum LDL-C and HDL-C Levels and an RNA-Seq Analysis in Mononuclear Cells in Monozygotic Twins. J Atheroscler Thromb 2024:64882. [PMID: 38684403 DOI: 10.5551/jat.64882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM A twin study is a valuable tool for elucidating the acquired factors against lifestyle diseases such as dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. We aimed 1. to investigate the factors that affect low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in monozygotic (MZ) twins, and 2. to identify genes which expression levels changed in pairs with large differences in LDL-C or HDL-C levels. METHODS The registered database at the Center for Twin Research, Osaka University, containing 263 pairs of MZ twins, was analyzed. 1. The effects of smoking, exercise, nutritional factors, and anthropometric and biochemical parameters on LDL-C or HDL-C levels were examined in MZ twins. 2. RNA sequencing in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 59 pairs was analyzed for large differences of LDL-C or HDL-C groups. RESULTS 1. The ΔLDL-C levels were significantly associated with an older age, the ΔTG levels, and ΔBMI. ΔHDL-C levels were associated with the ΔBMI, ΔTG, ΔTP, and ΔLDL-C levels. The HDL-C levels were affected by smoking and exercise habits. The intakes of cholesterol and saturated fatty acids were not associated with the LDL-C or HDL-C levels. 2. An RNA sequencing analysis revealed that the expression of genes related to the TLR4 and IFNG pathways was suppressed in accordance with the HDL-C levels in the larger ΔHDL-C group among the 59 pairs. CONCLUSION We identified the factors affecting the LDL-C or HDL-C levels in monozygotic twins. In addition, some types of inflammatory gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were suppressed in accordance with the HDL-C levels, thus suggesting the importance of weight management and exercise habits in addition to dietary instructions to control the LDL-C or HDL-C levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Nishihara
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Masahiro Koseki
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Katsunao Tanaka
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takashi Omatsu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Sawabe
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroyasu Inui
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ayami Saga
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takeshi Okada
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tomoaki Higo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tohru Ohama
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Makoto Nishida
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
- Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Mikio Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
- Center for Twin Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
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17
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Fujiyoshi A, Kohsaka S, Hata J, Hara M, Kai H, Masuda D, Miyamatsu N, Nishio Y, Ogura M, Sata M, Sekiguchi K, Takeya Y, Tamura K, Wakatsuki A, Yoshida H, Fujioka Y, Fukazawa R, Hamada O, Higashiyama A, Kabayama M, Kanaoka K, Kawaguchi K, Kosaka S, Kunimura A, Miyazaki A, Nii M, Sawano M, Terauchi M, Yagi S, Akasaka T, Minamino T, Miura K, Node K. JCS 2023 Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease. Circ J 2024; 88:763-842. [PMID: 38479862 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-23-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shun Kohsaka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Jun Hata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Mitsuhiko Hara
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Wayo Women's University
| | - Hisashi Kai
- Department of Cardiology, Kurume Univeristy Medical Center
| | | | - Naomi Miyamatsu
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Yoshihiko Nishio
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | - Masatsune Ogura
- Department of General Medical Science, Chiba University School of Medicine
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Eastern Chiba Medical Center
| | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | | | - Yasushi Takeya
- Division of Helath Science, Osaka University Gradiate School of Medicine
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital
| | - Yoshio Fujioka
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University
| | | | - Osamu Hamada
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Takatsuki General Hospital
| | | | - Mai Kabayama
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Koshiro Kanaoka
- Department of Medical and Health Information Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Kenjiro Kawaguchi
- Division of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University
| | | | | | | | - Masaki Nii
- Department of Cardiology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital
| | - Mitsuaki Sawano
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine
- Yale New Haven Hospital Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation
| | | | - Shusuke Yagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital
| | - Takashi Akasaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nishinomiya Watanabe Cardiovascular Cerebral Center
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Meidicine
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Preventive Medicine, NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University
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18
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Braun TS, Drobner T, Kipp K, Kiehntopf M, Schlattmann P, Lorkowski S, Dawczynski C. Validation of Nutritional Approaches to Modulate Cardiovascular and Diabetic Risk Factors in Patients with Hypertriglyceridemia or Prediabetes-The MoKaRi II Randomized Controlled Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1261. [PMID: 38732508 PMCID: PMC11085300 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes mellitus type 2 are among the most important metabolic diseases globally. Diet plays a vital role in the development and progression of both clinical pictures. For the 10-week randomized, controlled, intervention study, 67 subjects with elevated plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations (≥1.7 mmol/L) and 69 subjects with elevated fasting glucose concentrations (≥5.6 < 7.0 mmol/L) were recruited. The intervention groups received specially developed, individualized menu plans and regular counseling sessions to lower (A) TG or (B) fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin A1c as well as other cardiovascular and diabetic risk factors. The hypertriglyceridemia intervention group was further supplemented with fish oil (3.5 g/d eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid). The two control groups maintained a typical Western diet. Blood samples were taken every 2 weeks, and anthropometric data were collected. A follow-up examination was conducted after another 10 weeks. In both intervention groups, there were comparable significant reductions in blood lipids, glucose metabolism, and anthropometric parameters. These results were, with a few exceptions, significantly more pronounced in the intervention groups than in the corresponding control groups (comparison of percentage change from baseline). In particular, body weight was reduced by 7.4% (6.4 kg) and 7.5% (5.9 kg), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations by 19.8% (0.8 mmol/L) and 13.0% (0.5 mmol/L), TG concentrations by 18.2% (0.3 mmol/L) and 13.0% (0.2 mmol/L), and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance by 31.8% (1.1) and 26.4% (0.9) (p < 0.05) in the hypertriglyceridemia and prediabetes intervention groups, respectively. Some of these changes were maintained until follow-up. In patients with elevated TG or fasting glucose, implementing individualized menu plans in combination with regular counseling sessions over 10 weeks led to a significant improvement in cardiovascular and diabetic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa S. Braun
- Junior Research Group Nutritional Concepts, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 25-29, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.S.B.); (T.D.)
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Dornburger Straße 25-29, 07743 Jena, Germany; (P.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Timo Drobner
- Junior Research Group Nutritional Concepts, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 25-29, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.S.B.); (T.D.)
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Dornburger Straße 25-29, 07743 Jena, Germany; (P.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Kristin Kipp
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Sophien- and Hufeland Hospital, Henry-van-de-Velde-Str. 1, 99425 Weimar, Germany;
| | - Michael Kiehntopf
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Peter Schlattmann
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Dornburger Straße 25-29, 07743 Jena, Germany; (P.S.); (S.L.)
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences, University Hospital Jena, Bachstraße 18, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Dornburger Straße 25-29, 07743 Jena, Germany; (P.S.); (S.L.)
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Dawczynski
- Junior Research Group Nutritional Concepts, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 25-29, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.S.B.); (T.D.)
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Dornburger Straße 25-29, 07743 Jena, Germany; (P.S.); (S.L.)
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19
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Heymsfield SB, Shapses SA. Guidance on Energy and Macronutrients across the Life Span. N Engl J Med 2024; 390:1299-1310. [PMID: 38598796 DOI: 10.1056/nejmra2214275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven B Heymsfield
- From the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge (S.B.H.); and the Department of Nutritional Sciences and the New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, and the Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine - both in New Brunswick (S.A.S.)
| | - Sue A Shapses
- From the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge (S.B.H.); and the Department of Nutritional Sciences and the New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, and the Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine - both in New Brunswick (S.A.S.)
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20
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Kleijn AF, Mutter M, Akingbasote JA, Meetro J, Simon RR, Muntendam P, Frommhagen M, Schols HA. Toxicological evaluation of a pumpkin-derived pectin preparation: in vitro genotoxicity studies and a 13-week oral toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae004. [PMID: 38274036 PMCID: PMC10807847 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The safety of a rhamnogalacturonan-I-enriched pectin extract (G3P-01) from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata var. Dickinson) was evaluated for use as an ingredient in food and dietary supplements. G3P-01 was tested in a battery of genetic toxicity studies including reverse mutagenicity and in vitro micronucleus assay. In addition, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized and orally dosed with G3P-01 incorporated in animal diet at concentrations of 0, 9000, 18,000, and 36,000 ppm daily for 13-weeks (n=10/sex/group) in line with OECD guidelines (TG 408). The results of the in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay and micronucleus assay in TK6 cells demonstrated a lack of genotoxicity. The 13-week oral toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats demonstrated that the test article, G3P-01 was well tolerated; there were no mortalities and no adverse effects on clinical, gross pathology, hematology, blood chemistry, and histological evaluation of the essential organs of the animals. The present study demonstrates that G3P-01 is non-genotoxic and is safe when ingested in diet at concentrations up to 36, 000 ppm. The subchronic no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for G3P-01 was concluded to be 36,000 ppm, equivalent to 1,899 and 2,361 mg/kg/day for male and female rats respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne F Kleijn
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen, WG 6708, The Netherlands
| | - Margien Mutter
- G3P Inc., 20 Mall Road Suite 220, Burlington, MA 01803, United States
| | - James A Akingbasote
- Intertek Health Sciences Inc., Food and Nutrition Group, 2233 Argentia Road, Suite 201, Mississauga, ON L5N 2X7, Canada
| | - Jwar Meetro
- Intertek Health Sciences Inc., Food and Nutrition Group, 2233 Argentia Road, Suite 201, Mississauga, ON L5N 2X7, Canada
| | - Ryan R Simon
- Intertek Health Sciences Inc., Food and Nutrition Group, 2233 Argentia Road, Suite 201, Mississauga, ON L5N 2X7, Canada
| | - Pieter Muntendam
- G3P Inc., 20 Mall Road Suite 220, Burlington, MA 01803, United States
| | - Matthias Frommhagen
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Nestlé Research, Route du Jorat 57, CH-1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Henk A Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen, WG 6708, The Netherlands
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21
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James-Martin G, Brooker PG, Hendrie GA, Stonehouse W. Avocado Consumption and Cardiometabolic Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Acad Nutr Diet 2024; 124:233-248.e4. [PMID: 36565850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avocados are a rich source of unsaturated fats and bioactives, however, their role in altering cardiometabolic risk factors is unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim was to review the effects of consuming diets containing avocado compared with control diets containing no or low amounts of avocado on cardiometabolic risk factors in adults who were healthy, had clinical cardiovascular disease, or were at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. METHODS Five electronic databases were searched (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, and a Clinical Trials Registry) along with Google Scholar to identify studies published between January 1990 and November 10, 2021. Randomized controlled trials ≥3 weeks and prospective cohort studies were included. Ten studies-9 randomized controlled trials (n = 503 participants) and 1 prospective observational study (n = 55,407)-met the inclusion criteria. Outcomes assessed by means of meta-analysis were low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (primary), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides. Outcomes assessed by narrative review were TC to HDL-C ratio, non-HDL-C, apolipoprotein B, blood pressure, body weight, body mass index (calculated as kg/m2), waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, body composition, and blood glucose and insulin concentrations. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, version 2.0 and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale; quality of evidence was examined using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation method. Random-effects models meta-analyses were performed when there were ≥3 studies of the same design (ie, randomized controlled trial) and reporting the same outcome. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed by calculating χ2 and I2 statistics and publication bias was assessed by funnel plots. RESULTS Overall, there was a small, significant reduction in TC (-5.08 mg/dL [to convert to mmol/L, divide by 38.67]; 95% CI -9.29 to -0.87 mg/dL; P = .02) in avocado vs the control groups and no significant difference in LDL-C, HDL-C, or triglycerides. Subgroup analysis demonstrated significant reductions in LDL-C (-9.4 mg/dL [to convert to mmol/L, divide by 38.67]; 95% CI -10.84 to -7.95 mg/dL; P < .00001) and TC (-7.54 mg/dL; 95% CI -9.40 to -5.68 mg/dL; P < .00001) in avocado vs control groups in hypercholesterolemic populations, and no differences were seen in normocholesterolemic populations. However, the certainty in the findings was graded as low to very low. Body weight and composition were not negatively affected by avocado consumption. CONCLUSIONS Avocado consumption may reduce TC and LDL-C in people with hypercholesterolemia. Avocado consumption does not negatively impact body weight. Larger, well-conducted studies are needed to have greater confidence in the role of avocado consumption on cardiovascular disease risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve James-Martin
- Human Health, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Paige G Brooker
- Human Health, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gilly A Hendrie
- Human Health, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Welma Stonehouse
- Human Health, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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22
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Costabile G, Salamone D, Della Pepa G, Vitale M, Testa R, Cipriano P, Scidà G, Rivellese AA, Annuzzi G, Bozzetto L. Differential Effects of Two Isocaloric Healthy Diets on Postprandial Lipid Responses in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2024; 16:333. [PMID: 38337618 PMCID: PMC10857261 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High blood concentrations of triglycerides (TG) in the postprandial period have been shown to be more closely associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than fasting values in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Dietary changes are the primary determinants of postprandial lipid responses. METHODS We investigated the effects of an isocaloric multifactorial diet, rich in n-3 PUFA, MUFA, fiber, polyphenols, and vitamins, compared to an isocaloric diet, containing the same amount of MUFA, on the postprandial lipid response in T2D individuals. Following a randomized, controlled, parallel group design, 43 (25 male/18 female) T2D individuals were assigned to an isocaloric multifactorial (n = 21) or a MUFA-rich diet (n = 22). At the beginning and after the 8 weeks of dietary intervention, the concentrations of plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol were detected at fasting and over a 4-h test meal with the same composition as the prescribed diet. RESULTS The concentrations of fasting plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol did not change after both diets. Compared with the MUFA diet, the 8-week multifactorial diet significantly lowered the postprandial response, which was evaluated as the incremental area under the curve (iAUC), of triglycerides by 33% (64 ± 68 vs. 96 ± 50 mmol/L·240 min, mean ± SD, respectively, p = 0.018), total cholesterol by 105% (-51 ± 33 vs. -25 ± 29, p = 0.013), and non-HDL cholesterol by 206% (-39 ± 33 vs. -13 ± 23, p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS In T2D individuals, a multifactorial diet, characterized by several beneficial components, improved the postprandial lipid response compared to a MUFA diet, generally considered a healthy diet being reduced in saturated fat, and probably contributed to the reduction of cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Costabile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (R.T.); (P.C.); (G.S.); (A.A.R.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Dominic Salamone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (R.T.); (P.C.); (G.S.); (A.A.R.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Della Pepa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (R.T.); (P.C.); (G.S.); (A.A.R.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marilena Vitale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (R.T.); (P.C.); (G.S.); (A.A.R.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Roberta Testa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (R.T.); (P.C.); (G.S.); (A.A.R.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Paola Cipriano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (R.T.); (P.C.); (G.S.); (A.A.R.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Scidà
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (R.T.); (P.C.); (G.S.); (A.A.R.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Angela Albarosa Rivellese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (R.T.); (P.C.); (G.S.); (A.A.R.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Giovanni Annuzzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (R.T.); (P.C.); (G.S.); (A.A.R.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Lutgarda Bozzetto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (R.T.); (P.C.); (G.S.); (A.A.R.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
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23
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Keshani M, Feizi A, Askari G, Sharma M, Bagherniya M. Effects of therapeutic lifestyle change diets on blood lipids, lipoproteins, glycemic parameters, and blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:176-192. [PMID: 37352395 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Low-calorie, low-fat therapeutic diets (TDs) developed by the US National Cholesterol Education Program, ie, the Step I and II diets and the therapeutic lifestyle changes diet, are approximately similar and are the initial therapeutic interventional approaches for lifestyle modification. OBJECTIVE This systematic review with meta-analysis was undertaken to evaluate the effects of TDs diet on blood lipids, apolipoprotein A-1, apolipoprotein B, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and insulin. DATA SOURCES A comprehensive search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases until October 2022 was performed to identify clinical trials investigating the effects of TDs on the aforementioned parameters. DATA EXTRACTION One investigator screened the records and extracted data, and another reviewed the extracted data. DATA ANALYSIS A total of 910 records were retrieved. After records were screened for eligibility, 34 clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. The pooled analysis from the random-effects model revealed a significant reduction in total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-1, and apolipoprotein B in the TD intervention group vs the control group. The overall effects of TDs on fasting blood glucose, insulin, and blood pressure were not significant, but the results of subgroup analysis revealed a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose with the Step II diet and an intervention duration of more than 24 weeks. For blood pressure, the Step I diet and an intervention duration of more than 24 weeks resulted in significant reduction. There was no evidence of publication bias, but strong heterogeneity was observed. CONCLUSION Therapeutic diets have promising effects on lipid profile parameters, glycemic indexes, and blood pressure, which can promote cardiovascular health. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021259355.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Keshani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Manoj Sharma
- Department of Social and Behavioral Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Mohammad Bagherniya
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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24
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Mittal RK, Mishra R, Sharma V, Purohit P. Bioactive Exploration in Functional Foods: Unlocking Nature's Treasures. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:1419-1435. [PMID: 38031768 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010282580231120041659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional foods offer an appealing way to improve health and prevent chronic diseases, and this subject has received much attention lately. They are effective in preventing chronic diseases like cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and obesity, according to research. OBJECTIVE This work presents an in-depth analysis of functional foods, covering key challenges from a scientific, legal, and commercial perspective. METHODS Multiple databases were searched to find studies on functional foods included in the systematic literature review. Various aspects of functional foods, from their classification, impact on human wellness, effectiveness in inhibiting chronic diseases, the regulatory environment, global market trends, and industry challenges, are all clarified in this thorough review. RESULTS This study aims to enhance understanding and establish a pathway for functional foods to be acknowledged as valid choices in the field of dietary supplements. It provides a thorough investigation of bioactive compounds present in functional foods, including but not limited to polyphenols, carotenoids, omega fatty acids, prebiotics, probiotics, and dietary fiber, along with an overview of their potential to mitigate chronic illnesses. We engage in an in-depth exploration of regulatory frameworks, shed light on groundbreaking research advancements, and meticulously examine strategies for commercialization and the variety of global challenges that accompany them. Establishing scientific consensus, navigating complex regulatory processes, dealing with skeptical consumers, and rising levels of competition are all problems that need to be solved in this field. CONCLUSION The field of functional foods can advance further, promoting better public health outcomes, by deeply comprehending and addressing these complex dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi K Mittal
- Department of Pharmacy, Galgotias College of Pharmacy, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Raghav Mishra
- Department of Pharmacy, GLA University, Mathura-281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vikram Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Galgotias College of Pharmacy, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Priyank Purohit
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
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25
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Chowdhury K, Sinha S, Kumar S, Haque M, Ahmad R. Constipation: A Pristine Universal Pediatric Health Delinquent. Cureus 2024; 16:e52551. [PMID: 38249647 PMCID: PMC10797657 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Constipation suffered by children is a global public health problem. Functional constipation (FC) brings about deteriorating effects in the children's lives who suffer from it. The risk factors for the development of constipation include the consumption of a diet low in fiber and high in calories (such as the consumption of fast food), a sedentary lifestyle with a lack of exercise, a family history of constipation, and emotional and psychological stress endured by children in their families. It is one of the most common causes of stomachaches in children. FC may lead to fecal incontinence (FI), anal fissures, recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTI), and enuresis in children. Severe constipation may result in stool becoming rock-hard and inflexible in the rectum, which is clinically identified as fecal impaction. It is imperative to perform clinical evaluation and treatment, including pharmacological (the use of stimulant and osmotic laxatives) and non-pharmacological (education, changes in diet, intervention to promote positive behavior and address any emotional issues, toilet training, and physiotherapy for the pelvic floor) interventions. In the case of refractory patients, neuromodulation, the irrigation of the anal canal, and surgical management may be needed. It is essential to lead a healthy, stress-free lifestyle with plenty of exercise and a balanced diet rich in fiber (such as fruits and vegetables) so children can have regular bowel habits and thrive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kona Chowdhury
- Department of Pediatrics, Gonoshasthaya Samaj Vittik Medical College, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Susmita Sinha
- Department of Physiology, Khulna City Medical College and Hospital, Khulna, BGD
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Mainul Haque
- Karnavati Scientific Research Center (KSRC), Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
| | - Rahnuma Ahmad
- Department of Physiology, Medical College for Women and Hospital, Dhaka, BGD
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26
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Ghorbani Z, Noormohammadi M, Kazemi A, Poustchi H, Pourshams A, Martami F, Hashemian M, Malekzadeh R, Hekmatdoost A. Higher intakes of fiber, total vegetables, and fruits may attenuate the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: findings from a large prospective cohort study. Nutr J 2023; 22:60. [PMID: 37978495 PMCID: PMC10655472 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-023-00883-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although studies have reported an inverse association between fruits, vegetables, and fiber consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality, the issue remains incompletely defined in the Middle Eastern population. AIMS The current study aimed to investigate the association between dietary fiber, fruit, and vegetable intake and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. METHODS A total of 48632 participants (mean age = 52years), 57.5% (n = 27974) women and 42.5% (n = 20658) men, were recruited from an ongoing large-scale prospective cohort study (the Golestan Cohort Study (GCS)), in the north of Iran. Using a validated semi-quantitative 116-item food questionnaire, dietary intakes were collected. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) of all-cause and cause-specific mortality were reported. RESULTS After approximately 14 years of follow-up, 10,774 deaths were recorded. In the fully adjusted model, compared to those in the lowest quintile of intake, those in the second and third quintiles of dietary fiber intake had a 7%-10% reduction in risk of all-cause mortality, and a 15%-17% reduction in the risk of mortality from other causes. Increasing consumption of fruits was also associated with a decreased risk of mortality for all-cause mortality by 9%-11%, and all cancer by 15-20%. Further, those in the third and fourth quintiles of vegetables intake had 11%-12% lower risk for CVD mortality. DISCUSSION The results from the GCS further support the current recommendations on following a healthy diet containing proper amounts of fiber, vegetables, and fruits, as health-protective dietary items. CONCLUSIONS Higher intake of dietary fiber, fruits, and vegetables has the potential to reduce both overall and cause-specific mortality rates. However, additional cohort studies with larger sample size and long-term follow-up durations are required to establish these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Ghorbani
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Morvarid Noormohammadi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asma Kazemi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Pourshams
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Martami
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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27
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Syryamina VN, Wu X, Boulos S, Nyström L, Yulikov M. Pulse EPR spectroscopy and molecular modeling reveal the origins of the local heterogeneity of dietary fibers. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 319:121167. [PMID: 37567691 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing human diet by including dietary fibers would be more efficient when the fibers' chain interactions with other molecules are understood in depth. Thereby, it is important to develop methods for characterizing the fiber chain to be able to monitor its structural alterations upon intermolecular interactions. Here, we demonstrate the utility of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, complemented by simulations in probing the atomistic details of the chain conformations for spin-labeled fibers. Barley β-glucan, a native polysaccharide with linear chain, was utilized as a test fiber system to demonstrate the technique's capabilities. Pulse dipolar EPR data show good agreement with results of the fiber chain modeling, revealing sinuous chain conformations and providing polymer shape descriptors: the gyration tensor, spin-spin distance distribution function, and information about proton density near the spin probe. Results from EPR measurements point to the fiber aggregation in aqueous solution, which agrees with the results of the dynamic light scattering. We propose that the combination of pulse EPR measurements with modeling can be a perfect experimental tool for in-depth structural investigation of dietary fibers and their interaction under such conditions, and that the presented methodology can be extended to other weakly ordered or disordered macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria N Syryamina
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
| | - Xiaowen Wu
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Samy Boulos
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Laura Nyström
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Maxim Yulikov
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg, 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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28
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Liu X, Wang X, Zhang P, Fang Y, Liu Y, Ding Y, Zhang W. Intestinal homeostasis in the gut-lung-kidney axis: a prospective therapeutic target in immune-related chronic kidney diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1266792. [PMID: 38022571 PMCID: PMC10646503 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1266792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the role of intestinal homeostasis in health has received increasing interest, significantly improving our understanding of the complex pathophysiological interactions of the gut with other organs. Microbiota dysbiosis, impaired intestinal barrier, and aberrant intestinal immunity appear to contribute to the pathogenesis of immune-related chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Meanwhile, the relationship between the pathological changes in the respiratory tract (e.g., infection, fibrosis, granuloma) and immune-related CKD cannot be ignored. The present review aimed to elucidate the new underlying mechanism of immune-related CKD. The lungs may affect kidney function through intestinal mediation. Communication is believed to exist between the gut and lung microbiota across long physiological distances. Following the inhalation of various pathogenic factors (e.g., particulate matter 2.5 mum or less in diameter, pathogen) in the air through the mouth and nose, considering the anatomical connection between the nasopharynx and lungs, gut microbiome regulates oxidative stress and inflammatory states in the lungs and kidneys. Meanwhile, the intestine participates in the differentiation of T cells and promotes the migration of various immune cells to specific organs. This better explain the occurrence and progression of CKD caused by upper respiratory tract precursor infection and suggests the relationship between the lungs and kidney complications in some autoimmune diseases (e.g., anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies -associated vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus). CKD can also affect the progression of lung diseases (e.g., acute respiratory distress syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). We conclude that damage to the gut barrier appears to contribute to the development of immune-related CKD through gut-lung-kidney interplay, leading us to establish the gut-lung-kidney axis hypothesis. Further, we discuss possible therapeutic interventions and targets. For example, using prebiotics, probiotics, and laxatives (e.g., Rhubarb officinale) to regulate the gut ecology to alleviate oxidative stress, as well as improve the local immune system of the intestine and immune communication with the lungs and kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiande First People’s Hospital, Jiande, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoran Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Lin’an District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Fang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Geriatric, Zhejiang Aged Care Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueyue Ding
- Department of Geriatric, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
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Wang Y, Liu B, Han H, Hu Y, Zhu L, Rimm EB, Hu FB, Sun Q. Associations between plant-based dietary patterns and risks of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr J 2023; 22:46. [PMID: 37789346 PMCID: PMC10548756 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-023-00877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-based dietary patterns are gaining more attention due to their potential in reducing the risk of developing major chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and mortality, while an up-to-date comprehensive quantitative review is lacking. This study aimed to summarize the existing prospective observational evidence on associations between adherence to plant-based dietary patterns and chronic disease outcomes. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence across prospective observational studies. The data sources used were PubMed and MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and screening of references. We included all prospective observational studies that evaluated the association between adherence to plant-based dietary patterns and incidence of T2D, CVD, cancer, and mortality among adults (≥ 18 years). RESULTS A total of 76 publications were identified, including 2,230,443 participants with 60,718 cases of incident T2D, 157,335 CVD cases, 57,759 cancer cases, and 174,435 deaths. An inverse association was observed between higher adherence to a plant-based dietary pattern and risks of T2D (RR, 0.82 [95% CI: 0.77-0.86]), CVD (0.90 [0.85-0.94]), cancer (0.91 [0.87-0.96]), and all-cause mortality (0.84 [0.78-0.92]) with moderate to high heterogeneity across studies (I2 ranged: 47.8-95.4%). The inverse associations with T2D, CVD and cancer were strengthened when healthy plant-based foods, such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and legumes, were emphasized in the definition of plant-based dietary patterns (T2D: 0.79 [0.72-0.87]; CVD: 0.85 [0.80-0.92]; cancer: 0.86 [0.80-0.92]; I2 ranged: 53.1-84.1%). Association for mortality was largely similar when the analyses were restricted to healthy plant-based diets (0.86 [0.80-0.92], I2 = 91.9%). In contrast, unhealthy plant-based diets were positively associated with these disease outcomes. Among four studies that examined changes in dietary patterns, increased adherence to plant-based dietary patterns was associated with a significantly reduced risk of T2D (0.83 [0.71-0.96]; I2 = 71.5%) and a marginally lower risk of mortality (0.95 [0.91-1.00]; I2 = 0%). CONCLUSIONS Better adherence to plant-based dietary patterns, especially those emphasizing healthy plant-based foods, is beneficial for lowering the risks of major chronic conditions, including T2D, CVD, cancer, as well as premature deaths. REGISTRATION OF REVIEW PROTOCOL This review was registered at the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews ( https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ ) with the registration number CRD42022290202.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeli Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Binkai Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Han Han
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lu Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Mokhtari E, Rouhani P, Shahdadian F, Mohammadi S, Heidari Z, Saneei P. An Unhealthy Plant-Based Diet Increases Risk of Hypertension but not Framingham Risk Score in Adults. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:102008. [PMID: 37869525 PMCID: PMC10587703 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.102008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds We investigated the relation of plant-based diets (PDs) with hypertension (HTN) and Framingham risk score (FRS) in Iranian adults. Objectives We hypothesized that healthy PDs might have positive effects on blood pressure (BP) and FRS, whereas less-healthy plant-based foods might have negative effects. Methods The current cross-sectional study was performed on 527 middle-aged adults (45.7% women), who were selected through a multistage cluster random-sampling method. The assessment of dietary intakes was performed by using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Twelve-hour fasting blood samples were collected to evaluate total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein concentrations. BP was measured through the standard method and HTN was defined as BP ≥130/80 mmHg. FRS was used to predict the 10-y risk for development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Results The prevalence of HTN and high FRS among study participants were, respectively, 62% and 15.6%. After adjustment for potential confounders, plant-based diet index (PDI) and healthy plant-based diet index (hPDI) were not significantly associated with HTN [odds ratio (OR): 0.99; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.55, 1.79 and OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.45, 1.53, respectively)]. However, those in the highest tertile of unhealthy plant-based diet index (uPDI) in comparison with those in the bottom tertile had a 100% increased odds of HTN (OR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.04, 3.88). Greater adherence to PDI, hPDI, and uPDI was not related to high FRS chance, in fully adjusted model (OR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.15, 1.65; OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.26, 4.04; and OR: 2.05; 95% CI: 0.56, 7.52, respectively). Conclusions This study demonstrated that less-healthy PDs would enhance the chance of HTN in Iranian adults, although PDIs were not significantly related to the 10-y risk of developing CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Mokhtari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parisa Rouhani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farnaz Shahdadian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sobhan Mohammadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Heidari
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Jangid G, Popoola-Samuel HAO, Goda K, Anamika FNU, Gupta V, Kanagala SG, Munjal RS. Influence of Plant-Based Diet on the Cardiovascular System: A Narrative Review. Cardiol Rev 2023:00045415-990000000-00154. [PMID: 37768098 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
A plant-based diet (PBD) includes multiple dietary patterns such as vegetarianism, veganism, lacto-ovo-vegetarianism, etc. A well-balanced PBD has positive effects on body mass index, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes, and it is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Due to its high fiber content, which lowers levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high antioxidant content, which prevents capillary wall damage; the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which have an anti-inflammatory effect, improvement in glucose homeostasis through improved insulin sensitivity, and impact on the gut microbiota, it has been proven to be beneficial for the heart. Despite their possible benefits, PBDs can be low in essential nutrients such as vitamin B12, zinc, vitamin D, iodine, and amino acids. This review aims to analyze the influence of PBDs on the cardiovascular system and associated disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurusha Jangid
- From Internal Medicine Department, Dr. Sampurnananda Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Kausalya Goda
- Internal Medicine Department, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - F N U Anamika
- Internal Medicine Department, University College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vasu Gupta
- Internal Medicine Department, Cleveland Clinic, Akron General, Akron, OH
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Li W, Huang G, Tang N, Lu P, Jiang L, Lv J, Qin Y, Lin Y, Xu F, Lei D. Identification of dietary components in association with abdominal aortic calcification. Food Funct 2023; 14:8383-8395. [PMID: 37609915 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02920d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The precise impact of dietary components on vascular health remains incompletely understood. To identify the dietary components and their associations with abdominal aortic calcification (AAC), the data from NHANES was employed in this cross-sectional study. The LASSO method and logistic regression were utilized to identify dietary components that exhibited the strongest association with AAC. Grouped WQS regression analysis was employed to evaluate the combined effects of dietary components on AAC. Furthermore, principal component analysis was employed to identify the primary dietary patterns in the study population. The present analysis included 1862 participants, from whom information on 35 dietary macro- and micronutrient components was obtained through 24-hour dietary recall interviews. The assessment of AAC was performed utilizing dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The LASSO method identified 10 dietary components that were associated with AAC. Total protein, total fiber, vitamin A, and β-cryptoxanthin exhibited a negative association with AAC. Compared to the first quartile, the adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) for the highest quartile were 0.59 (0.38, 0.93), 0.63 (0.42, 0.93), 0.59 (0.41, 0.84), and 0.68 (0.48, 0.94), respectively. Grouped WQS regression demonstrated a positive association between the lipid group and AAC (aOR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.50), while the proteins and phytochemical group exhibited a negative association with AAC (aOR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.82). For the dietary pattern analysis, high adherence to the plant-based pattern (aOR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.88) was associated with a lower risk of AAC, whereas the caffeine and theobromine pattern (aOR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.25, 2.41) was associated with a higher risk of AAC. The findings of this study indicate that adopting a dietary pattern characterized by high levels of protein and plant-based foods, as well as reduced levels of fat, may offers potential advantages for the prevention of AAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guangyi Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ningning Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanjun Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunru Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Daizai Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.
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Snauwaert E, Paglialonga F, Vande Walle J, Wan M, Desloovere A, Polderman N, Renken-Terhaerdt J, Shaw V, Shroff R. The benefits of dietary fiber: the gastrointestinal tract and beyond. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:2929-2938. [PMID: 36471146 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fiber is considered an essential constituent of a healthy child's diet. Diets of healthy children with adequate dietary fiber intake are characterized by a higher diet quality, a higher nutrient density, and a higher intake of vitamins and minerals in comparison to the diets of children with poor dietary fiber intake. Nevertheless, a substantial proportion of children do not meet the recommended dietary fiber intake. This is especially true in those children with kidney diseases, as traditional dietary recommendations in kidney diseases have predominantly focused on the quantities of energy and protein, and often restricting potassium and phosphate, while overlooking the quality and diversity of the diet. Emerging evidence suggests that dietary fiber and, by extension, a plant-based diet with its typically higher dietary fiber content are just as important for children with kidney diseases as for healthy children. Dietary fiber confers several health benefits such as prevention of constipation and fewer gastrointestinal symptoms, reduced inflammatory state, and decreased production of gut-derived uremic toxins. Recent studies have challenged the notion that a high dietary fiber intake confers an increased risk of hyperkalemia or nutritional deficits in children with kidney diseases. There is an urgent need of new studies and revised guidelines that address the dietary fiber intake in children with kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Paglialonga
- Policlinico of Milan: Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mandy Wan
- Evelina London Children's Hospital Paediatrics, London, UK
| | | | | | - José Renken-Terhaerdt
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital University Medical Centre: Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht - Locatie Wilhelmina Kinderziekenhuis, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Vanessa Shaw
- Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Trust: Great Ormond Street Hospital For Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rukshana Shroff
- Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Trust: Great Ormond Street Hospital For Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Wang Z, Wang S, Xu Q, Kong Q, Li F, Lu L, Xu Y, Wei Y. Synthesis and Functions of Resistant Starch. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1131-1144. [PMID: 37276960 PMCID: PMC10509415 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistant starch (RS) has become a popular topic of research in recent years. Most scholars believe that there are 5 types of RS. However, accumulating evidence indicates that in addition to starch-lipid complexes, which are the fifth type of RS, complexes containing starch and other substances can also be generated. The physicochemical properties and physiologic functions of these complexes are worth exploring. New physiologic functions of several original RSs are constantly being discovered. Research shows that RS can provide health improvements in many patients with chronic diseases, including diabetes and obesity, and even has potential benefits for kidney disease and colorectal cancer. Moreover, RS can alter the short-chain fatty acids and microorganisms in the gut, positively regulating the body's internal environment. Despite the increase in its market demand, RS production remains limited. Upscaling RS production is thus an urgent requirement. This paper provides detailed insights into the classification, synthesis, and efficacy of RS, serving as a starting point for the future development and applications of RS based on the current status quo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanggui Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Shuli Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qinhong Xu
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage, Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Qi Kong
- Department of Radiotherapy, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Yibiao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Huai 'an, Huai' an, China
| | - Yali Wei
- Department of Radiotherapy, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, China; Department of Women's Health, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women and Children's Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China.
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35
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Tejani VN, Dhillon SS, Damarlapally N, Usman NUB, Winson T, Basu Roy P, Panjiyar BK. The Relationship Between Dietary Fiber Intake and Blood Pressure Worldwide: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e46116. [PMID: 37900495 PMCID: PMC10612139 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a significant global health concern, necessitating effective preventive measures. Dietary fiber has gained attention as a potential cardiovascular risk factor modifier. Although its effects on various CVD risk markers such as cholesterol levels and blood glucose levels have been explored, the relationship between dietary fiber and blood pressure remains somewhat elusive across the different studies conducted worldwide. In this systematic review, we conducted an extensive analysis of recent research from a global perspective, aiming to elucidate the relationship between dietary fiber intake and blood pressure. From an initial pool of more than 24,500 articles retrieved from PubMed and Google Scholar, we rigorously selected 11 studies published in the last decade (post-2013) to ensure up-to-date insights. These selected studies encompass diverse populations from different regions worldwide, allowing for a comprehensive global assessment. Our analysis revealed a positive overall impact of increased dietary fiber intake on blood pressure levels. Despite variations in study parameters, consistent trends were observed across multiple continents. This systematic review underscores the potential of dietary fiber intake to reduce blood pressure and improve cardiovascular health globally. This review serves as a global analysis and updates on the developments about the potential association between dietary fiber and blood pressure levels. While the findings are promising, further research is essential to elucidate underlying mechanisms and ensure global consistency. Collaborative efforts and ongoing investigation are crucial for harnessing the cardiovascular benefits of dietary fiber and addressing the worldwide burden of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitrag N Tejani
- Internal Medicine, Parul Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Parul Sevashram Hospital, Parul University, Vadodara, IND
- Pharmacology, Dr. N. D. Desai Faculty of Medical Science and Research, Nadiad, IND
| | - Sukhmeet S Dhillon
- Internal Medicine, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Patiala, IND
| | | | | | - Tanusha Winson
- Medicine, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST) University, Bedong, MYS
| | - Prithvi Basu Roy
- Cardiology, KPC (Kali Pradip Chaudhuri) Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, IND
| | - Binay K Panjiyar
- Cardiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Peña-Jorquera H, Cid-Jofré V, Landaeta-Díaz L, Petermann-Rocha F, Martorell M, Zbinden-Foncea H, Ferrari G, Jorquera-Aguilera C, Cristi-Montero C. Plant-Based Nutrition: Exploring Health Benefits for Atherosclerosis, Chronic Diseases, and Metabolic Syndrome-A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3244. [PMID: 37513660 PMCID: PMC10386413 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, chronic non-communicable diseases, and metabolic syndrome are highly interconnected and collectively contribute to global health concerns that reduce life expectancy and quality of life. These conditions arise from multiple risk factors, including inflammation, insulin resistance, impaired blood lipid profile, endothelial dysfunction, and increased cardiovascular risk. Adopting a plant-based diet has gained popularity as a viable alternative to promote health and mitigate the incidence of, and risk factors associated with, these three health conditions. Understanding the potential benefits of a plant-based diet for human health is crucial, particularly in the face of the rising prevalence of chronic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Thus, this review focused on the plausible advantages of consuming a type of food pattern for the prevention and/or treatment of chronic diseases, emphasizing the dietary aspects that contribute to these conditions and the evidence supporting the benefits of a plant-based diet for human health. To facilitate a more in-depth analysis, we present separate evidence for each of these three concepts, acknowledging their intrinsic connection while providing a specific focus on each one. This review underscores the potential of a plant-based diet to target the underlying causes of these chronic diseases and enhance health outcomes for individuals and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Peña-Jorquera
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 2530388, Chile
| | - Valeska Cid-Jofré
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica y Aplicada (CIBAP), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9160019, Chile
| | - Leslie Landaeta-Díaz
- Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 7500975, Chile
- Núcleo en Ciencias Ambientales y Alimentarias, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 7500975, Chile
| | - Fanny Petermann-Rocha
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago 8370068, Chile
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Hermann Zbinden-Foncea
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio y Metabolismo, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago 7500000, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Av. Pedro de Valdivia 425, Providencia 7500912, Chile
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | - Carlos Jorquera-Aguilera
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 2530388, Chile
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Raj P, Sayfee K, Yu L, Sabra A, Wijekoon C, Malunga L, Thandapilly SJ, Netticadan T. Oat Beta-Glucan Alone and in Combination with Hydrochlorothiazide Lowers High Blood Pressure in Male but Not Female Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:3180. [PMID: 37513599 PMCID: PMC10385299 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oats are considered a functional food due to the beneficial health effects associated with their consumption and are suitable to be explored for their ability to prevent or manage chronic disease, such as hypertension. Here, we examined the cardiovascular benefits of an oat beta-glucan extract in male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) to unravel its sex-specific roles when used with an anti-hypertensive medication, hydrochlorothiazide. Five-week-old male and female SHRs and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were treated with oat beta-glucan and hydrochlorothiazide for 15 weeks. Twenty-week-old male and female SHRs showed high blood pressure (BP), cardiac remodeling, and cardiac dysfunction. These animals also had significantly increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), angiotensin II, and norepinephrine. Treatments with beta-glucan and hydrochlorothiazide were able to differentially prevent high BP, cardiac dysfunction, and alterations in malondialdehyde (MDA), angiotensin II, and norepinephrine in 20-week-old male and female SHRs. To conclude, beta-glucan alone and in combination with hydrochlorothiazide may be a promising a strategy for managing hypertension and related cardiac complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pema Raj
- St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Karen Sayfee
- St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Liping Yu
- St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Ali Sabra
- St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Champa Wijekoon
- St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Lovemore Malunga
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Richardson Center for Food Technology and Research, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Sijo Joseph Thandapilly
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Richardson Center for Food Technology and Research, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Thomas Netticadan
- St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
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Shoja M, Borazjani F, Ahmadi Angali K, Hosseini SA, Hashemi SJ. The dietary patterns derived by reduced-rank regression in association with Framingham risk score and lower DASH score in Hoveyzeh cohort study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11093. [PMID: 37422506 PMCID: PMC10329634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37809-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between dietary patterns (DPs) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been the subject of much research, but given the significance of this disease, studying the factors affecting it through different methodological considerations is of utmost importance. This study aimed to investigate the association between the four dietary patterns (DPs) derived from reduced-rank regression (RRR) and the risk of CVD predicted by the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) in the Arab residence of Khuzestan, Iran. Furthermore, the predefined Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) would be used as a comparative model to assess the validity of the extracted DPs. In this cross-sectional study, 5799 individuals aged 35-70 without a CVD diagnosis were selected among the participants of the Hoveyzeh cohort study (HCS). The Risk of CVD was assessed using the FRS model. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire evaluated dietary intake. Four DPs were derived using RRR with 28 food groups as predictors and total protein (g/d), fiber(g/d), fat(g/d), and magnesium intake (mg/d) as response variables. Multinomial and binary logistic regression were used to assess the relationship of DPs with intermediate (10-20%) and high (> 20%) levels of FRS and lower DASH scores (< 4.5), respectively. Four primary DPs were derived, which explained 89.10 of the total explained variance in participants' dietary intake. Multinomial regression was applied between FRS (10-20%) and (> 20%) across quartiles of four identified DPs. After adjustment for potential confounders, higher tendency to 1st and 2nd DPs in Model 1, OR = 4.67 (95% CI 3.65; 6.01), OR = 1.42 (95% CI 1.13; 1.79) were presented accordingly. The 1st DP, characterized by higher intake of refined grains and lower intake of vegetables oil, sugar, mayonnaise and artificial juices, the 2nd DP characterized by higher intake of hydrogenated fat and lower consumption of tomato sauce and soft drink was associated with greater odds of CVD with the intermediate level of FRS. However, higher adherence to the 3rd DP, characterized by higher intake of fruits, vegetables and legumes and lower intake of fish, egg, red meat, processed meat, mayonnaise, sugar and artificial juices, the 4th DP characterized by higher intake of coffee, nuts and lower intake of sugar, mayonnaise and artificial juices was associated with a lower risk of FRS. Moreover, lower DASH score considered in binary logistic regression across quartiles of four identified dietary patterns. 1st and 2nd DPs were directly related to lower DASH scores, while 3rd and 4th DPs had high comparability with the DASH diet and inversely contributed to the lower DASH score. Total DASH score was significantly correlated to four derived DPs. Our findings confirm the current knowledge regarding the beneficial effects of healthy plant-based DPs and the avoidance of high-fat and processed foods to prevent CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Shoja
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center and clinical sciences research institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Borazjani
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center and clinical sciences research institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Allied Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Kambiz Ahmadi Angali
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center and clinical sciences research institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hashemi
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Amerizadeh A, Ghaheh HS, Vaseghi G, Farajzadegan Z, Asgary S. Effect of Oat (Avena sativa L.) Consumption on Lipid Profile With Focus on Triglycerides and High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C): An Updated Systematic Review. Curr Probl Cardiol 2023; 48:101153. [PMID: 35192870 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a significant risk factor for heart disease. The soluble fiber in oat (Avena sativa L.), beta-glucan has been shown to significantly lower serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels but not triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) according to previous studies, reviews, and meta-analyses. However, the effect of oat consumption on the TG and HDL-C is controversial and has not been expanded enough. We did this review study to find out about the effect of oat on lipid profile especially TG and HDL-C more specifically and meticulously with their details. After searching PubMed, Web of Science, and Google scholar we included 17 studies in our review. Our results similar to other reviews showed that oat reduced the TC, VLDL, and LDL-C more significantly than TG. Of 17 included studies 6 studies reported reduction of TG level, and only 1 study reported HDL-C improvement followed by oat consumption. A more detailed review of studies that reported positive effects of oat/ beta-glucan consumption on TG showed that in healthy people with normal lipid profile oat intake might reduce TG effectively and also in overweight people/those with diabetes or metabolic syndrome if a higher amount of oat or/and longer duration applied. Consuming oat in conjunction with calorie-reducing diets or using it with DHA can cause a significant TG reduction. It may be concluded that, in addition to lowering TC and LDL-C, a considerable improvement in TG or HDL-C can be accomplished by adjusting factors such as oat consumption dose or consumption duration or utilizing oat in conjunction with a proper diet program. To conclude, more research on this topic is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Amerizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hooria Seyedhosseini Ghaheh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Golnaz Vaseghi
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ziba Farajzadegan
- Community Medicine Department, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Asgary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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40
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Shahid M, Gaines A, Coyle D, Alessandrini R, Finnigan T, Frost G, Marklund M, Neal B. The effect of mycoprotein intake on biomarkers of human health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:141-150. [PMID: 37407163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycoprotein is a fungal source of protein that is increasingly consumed as an ingredient in meat analogs. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the effects of mycoprotein intake on selected biomarkers of human health. METHODS This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022308980). We searched the PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases to identify randomized control trials in any language until 16 August, 2022. Trials were included if they administered a mycoprotein intervention against a nonmycoprotein control arm and if reported outcomes included blood lipids, blood glucose, insulin, blood pressure, or body weight. Eligible trials were assessed for risk of bias using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. An inverse-variance-weighted, random-effects meta-analysis model was used to assess the effects of intake across each biomarker. RESULTS Nine trials that included 178 participants with a mean follow-up of 13 d were included, with 4 reporting on blood lipids and 5 reporting on postprandial blood glucose or insulin. The overall reduction of total cholesterol was -0.55 mmol/L (95% CI: -0.85 to -0.26; P < 0.001) in the mycoprotein group compared to control, but no clear effects on HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, or TGs were found (all P > 0.05). There were no reductions in postprandial blood glucose concentrations at 30, 60, 90 or 120 min. Postprandial blood insulin concentration was reduced by -76.51 pmol/L (95% CI: -150.75 to -2.28; P = 0.043) at 30 min, with no detectable effects at 60, 90, or 120 min. CONCLUSIONS Mycoprotein intake may have important effects on blood lipids, but the evidence base is limited by the small sample sizes and short intervention periods of the contributing trials. The protocol for this systematic review has been registered in PROSPERO as CRD42022308980.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Shahid
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Allison Gaines
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daisy Coyle
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roberta Alessandrini
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gary Frost
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matti Marklund
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bruce Neal
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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41
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Kirkpatrick CF, Sikand G, Petersen KS, Anderson CAM, Aspry KE, Bolick JP, Kris-Etherton PM, Maki KC. Nutrition interventions for adults with dyslipidemia: A Clinical Perspective from the National Lipid Association. J Clin Lipidol 2023; 17:428-451. [PMID: 37271600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2023.05.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle habits can have a profound impact on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. The National Lipid Association previously published recommendations for lifestyle therapies to manage dyslipidemia. This Clinical Perspective provides an update with a focus on nutrition interventions for the three most common dyslipidemias in adults: 1) low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) elevation; 2) triglyceride (TG) elevation, including severe hypertriglyceridemia with chylomicronemia; and 3) combined dyslipidemia, with elevations in both LDL-C and TG levels. Lowering LDL-C and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are the primary objectives for reducing ASCVD risk. With severe TG elevation (≥500 mg/dL), the primary objective is to prevent pancreatitis and ASCVD risk reduction is secondary. Nutrition interventions that lower LDL-C levels include reducing cholesterol-raising fatty acids and dietary cholesterol, as well as increasing intakes of unsaturated fatty acids, plant proteins, viscous fibers, and reducing adiposity for patients with overweight or obesity. Selected dietary supplements may be employed as dietary adjuncts. Nutrition interventions for all patients with elevated TG levels include restricting intakes of alcohol, added sugars, and refined starches. Additional lifestyle factors that reduce TG levels are participating in daily physical activity and reducing adiposity in patients with overweight or obesity. For patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia, an individualized approach is essential. Nutrition interventions for addressing concurrent elevations in LDL-C and TG include a combination of the strategies described for lowering LDL-C and TG. A multidisciplinary approach is recommended to facilitate success in making and sustaining dietary changes and the assistance of a registered dietitian nutritionist is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol F Kirkpatrick
- Midwest Biomedical Research, Addison, IL, USA; Kasiska Division of Health Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA
| | - Geeta Sikand
- University of California Irvine Heart Disease Prevention Program, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Cheryl A M Anderson
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karen E Aspry
- Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute, and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Kevin C Maki
- Midwest Biomedical Research, Addison, IL, USA; Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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42
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Capra ME, Biasucci G, Crivellaro E, Banderali G, Pederiva C. Dietary intervention for children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Ital J Pediatr 2023; 49:77. [PMID: 37349839 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01479-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a frequent genetic disorder characterised by high plasma levels of total and LDL-cholesterol and premature atherosclerosis. If left untreated, affected subjects have a high risk of cardiovascular disease, as they are exposed to very high levels of LDL-cholesterol from birth. Healthy dietary habits and lifestyle are the first treatment option and, if started from childhood, represent a milestone in the prevention of atherosclerotic disease, both as a starting point and in combination with drug therapy. In this work, based on the main consensus documents available so far, we have evaluated the most up-to-date indications of the dietetic-nutritional intervention for the treatment of FH, delving into the peculiar aspects of the diet of the child/adolescent affected by FH. After an analysis of the macro- and micronutrients and the most common dietary patterns currently recommended, we highlighted some practical aspects, some frequent errors and some risks we could fall into when dealing with paediatric nutritional treatment. In conclusion, the dietary intervention for the child/adolescent with FH is a complex task, that should be individualised and tailored taking into account, first of all, the nutritional adequacy for growth and development, but also the multiple aspects linked to the child/adolescent's age, tastes and preferences, the family they belong to, the socio-economic context and the Country they live in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Capra
- Centre for Paediatric DyslipidaemiasPaediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, University of Parma, 29121, Piacenza, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy
- Società Italiana Di Nutrizione Pediatrica (SINUPE), 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Biasucci
- Centre for Paediatric DyslipidaemiasPaediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, University of Parma, 29121, Piacenza, Italy.
- Società Italiana Di Nutrizione Pediatrica (SINUPE), 20126, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Giuseppe Banderali
- Società Italiana Di Nutrizione Pediatrica (SINUPE), 20126, Milan, Italy
- Clinical Service for DyslipidaemiasStudy and Prevention of Atherosclerosis in ChildhoodPediatrics Unit, ASST-Santi Paolo E Carlo, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Pederiva
- Società Italiana Di Nutrizione Pediatrica (SINUPE), 20126, Milan, Italy
- Clinical Service for DyslipidaemiasStudy and Prevention of Atherosclerosis in ChildhoodPediatrics Unit, ASST-Santi Paolo E Carlo, 20142, Milan, Italy
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43
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Setayesh L, Pourreza S, Zeinali Khosroshahi M, Asbaghi O, Bagheri R, Rezaei Kelishadi M, Wong A, Clark CCT, Larky DA, Suzuki K, Ghanavati M. The effects of guar gum supplementation on lipid profile in adults: a GRADE-assessed systematic review, meta-regression and dose-response meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2023; 129:1703-1713. [PMID: 35837742 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522002136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recent meta-analytic work indicated that guar gum supplementation might improve lipid profile markers in different populations. However, critical methodological limitations such as the use of some unreliable data and the lack of inclusion of several relevant studies, and the scarcity in assessments of regression and dose-specific effects make it difficult to draw meaningful conclusions from the meta-analysis. Therefore, current evidence regarding the effects of guar gum supplementation on lipid profile remains unclear. The present systematic review, meta-regression and dose-response meta-analysis aimed to examine the effects of guar gum supplementation on lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), LDL, TAG and HDL) in adults. Relevant studies were obtained by searching the PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase and Web of Science databases (from inception to September 2021). Weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95 % CI were estimated via a random-effects model. Heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis and publication bias were reported using standard methods. Pooled analysis of nineteen randomised controlled trials (RCT) revealed that guar gum supplementation led to significant reductions in TC (WMD: -19·34 mg/dl, 95 % CI -26·18, -12·49, P < 0·001) and LDL (WMD: -16·19 mg/dl, 95 % CI -25·54, -6·83, P = 0·001). However, there was no effect on TAG and HDL among adults in comparison with control group. Our outcomes suggest that guar gum supplementation lowers TC and LDL in adults. Future large RCT on various populations are needed to show further beneficial effects of guar gum supplementation on lipid profile and establish guidelines for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Setayesh
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Sanaz Pourreza
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Rezaei Kelishadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, USA
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, CoventryCV1 5FB, UK
| | - Damoon Ashtary Larky
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa359-1192, Japan
| | - Matin Ghanavati
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Quilliam C, Reis LG, Ren Y, Ai Y, Weber LP. Effects of a 28-day feeding trial of grain-containing versus pulse-based diets on cardiac function, taurine levels and digestibility in domestic dogs. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285381. [PMID: 37228111 PMCID: PMC10212094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2018, the US Food and Drug Administration reported a link between canine dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and grain-free diets. Evidence to support a link has emerged, but the specific ingredients responsible and the role of taurine or other causative factors remain unclear. We hypothesized dogs fed pulse-based, grain-free diets for 28 days will show decreased macronutrient digestibility, increased fecal bile acid excretion, and reduced plasma cystine, cysteine, methionine and taurine, causing sub-clinical cardiac or blood changes indicative of early DCM. Three diets were formulated using white rice flour (grain), whole lentil (grain-free), or wrinkled pea (grain-free) and compared to the pre-trial phase on a commercial grain-based diet. After 28 days of feeding each diet, the wrinkled pea diet impaired stroke volume and cardiac output, increased end-systolic ventricular diameter and increased plasma N-Terminal Pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide (NT-ProBNP), albeit in a sub-clinical manner. Digestibility of some macronutrients and sulphur-containing amino acids, excluding taurine, also decreased with pulse-based compared to grain-based diets, likely due to higher fiber levels. Plasma taurine levels were unchanged; however, plasma methionine was significantly lower after feeding all test diets compared to the commercial diet. Overall, DCM-like changes observed with the wrinkled pea diet, but not lentil diet, after only 4 weeks in a breed not known to be susceptible support a link between pea-based diets and canine nutritionally-mediated DCM.
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Grants
- Alberta Pulse Growers, Manitoba Pulse and Soybean Growers, Ontario Bean Growers, Saskatchewan Pulse Growers, Pulse Canada, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (Pulse Cluster), and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)
- Horizon Pet Foods (Rosthern, SK Canada)
- T Wakertin (Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada)
- M Tulbek of Alliance Grain Traders (Saskatoon, SK Canada)
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Quilliam
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Luciana G. Reis
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Yikai Ren
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Yongfeng Ai
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Lynn P. Weber
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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45
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Jenko Pražnikar Z, Mohorko N, Gmajner D, Kenig S, Petelin A. Effects of Four Different Dietary Fibre Supplements on Weight Loss and Lipid and Glucose Serum Profiles during Energy Restriction in Patients with Traits of Metabolic Syndrome: A Comparative, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112122. [PMID: 37297364 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its associated complications require various lifestyle changes and treatment options. Dietary supplements are considered an attractive alternative to traditional therapy, mainly because they are accessible to the general population. The aim of this study was to investigate the additive effects of a combination of energy restriction (ER) and four dietary supplements on changes in the anthropometric and biochemical parameters in 100 overweight or obese participants who were randomly assigned one of the dietary fibre supplements containing different dietary fibres or a placebo for 8 weeks. The results confirmed that fibre supplements plus ER significantly (p < 0.01) reduced the body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass, and visceral fat and ameliorated the lipid profile and inflammation at 4 and 8 weeks after the start of the study, while in the placebo group, significant differences in some parameters were observed only after 8 weeks of ER. A fibre supplement containing glucomannan, inulin, psyllium, and apple fibre was the most effective at reducing the BMI, body weight, and CRP (p = 0.018 for BMI and body weight and p = 0.034 for CRP compared to placebo at the end of the intervention). Overall, the results suggest that dietary fibre supplements in combination with ER may have additional effects on weight loss and the metabolic profile. Therefore, taking dietary fibre supplements may be a feasible approach to improve weight and metabolic health in obese and overweight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina Mohorko
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia
| | | | - Saša Kenig
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia
| | - Ana Petelin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia
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46
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Singh P, Shukla P, Narula AK, Deswal D. Polysaccharides and lipoproteins as reactants for the synthesis of pharmaceutically important scaffolds: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124884. [PMID: 37207747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The growing number of diseases in the past decade has once again highlighted the need for extensive research on the development of novel drugs. There has been a major expansion in the number of people suffering from malignant diseases and types of life-threatening microbial infections. The high mortality rates caused by such infections, their associated toxicity, and a growing number of microbes with acquired resistance necessitate the need to further explore and develop the synthesis of pharmaceutically important scaffolds. Chemical entities derived from biological macromolecules like carbohydrates and lipids have been explored and observed to be effective agents in the treatment of microbial infections and diseases. These biological macromolecules offer a variety of chemical properties that have been exploited for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant scaffolds. All biological macromolecules are long chains of similar atomic groups which are connected by covalent bonds. By altering the attached groups, the physical and chemical properties can be altered and molded as per the clinical applications and needs, this ring them potential candidates for drug synthesis. The present review establishes the role and significance of biological macromolecules by articulating various reactions and pathways reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinita Singh
- Centre of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Sciences (CEPS), Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (GGSIPU), New Delhi, India
| | - Pratibha Shukla
- Centre of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Sciences (CEPS), Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (GGSIPU), New Delhi, India
| | - A K Narula
- Centre of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Sciences (CEPS), Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (GGSIPU), New Delhi, India
| | - Deepa Deswal
- Centre of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Sciences (CEPS), Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (GGSIPU), New Delhi, India.
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47
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Bender C, Stoll D, Huch M, Weinert C, Dötsch A, Dräger H, Keller J, Kulling S, Bunzel M. Time-dependent fermentation of different structural units of commercial pectins with intestinal bacteria. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 308:120642. [PMID: 36813335 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Many of the proposed health-related properties of pectins are based on their fermentability in the large intestine, but detailed structure-related studies on pectin fermentation have not been reported so far. Here, pectin fermentation kinetics were studied with a focus on structurally different pectic polymers. Therefore, six commercial pectins from citrus, apple, and sugar beet were chemically characterized and fermented in in vitro fermentation assays with human fecal samples over different periods of time (0 h, 4 h, 24 h, 48 h). Structure elucidation of intermediate cleavage products showed differences in fermentation speed and/or fermentation rate among the pectins, but the order in which specific structural pectic elements were fermented was comparable across all pectins. Neutral side chains of rhamnogalacturonan type I were fermented first (between 0 and 4 h), followed by homogalacturonan units (between 0 and 24 h) and, at last, the rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone (between 4 and 48 h). This indicates that fermentation of different pectic structural units might take place in different sections of the colon, potentially affecting their nutritional properties. For the formation of different short-chain fatty acids, mainly acetate, propionate, and butyrate, and the influence on microbiota, there was no time-dependent correlation regarding the pectic subunits. However, an increase of members of the bacterial genera Faecalibacterium, Lachnoclostridium, and Lachnospira was observed for all pectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bender
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dominic Stoll
- Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Melanie Huch
- Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christoph Weinert
- Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas Dötsch
- Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hannah Dräger
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Judith Keller
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sabine Kulling
- Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
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48
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Suttisansanee U, Thiyajai P, Inthachat W, Pruesapan K, Wongwathanarat K, Charoenkiatkul S, Sahasakul Y, Temviriyanukul P. Exploration of the nutritional and carotenoids profiles of vegetables in Thai cuisine as potential nutritious ingredients. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15951. [PMID: 37205996 PMCID: PMC10189170 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Missing information on plant origin control and nutritional data on herbs, spices and vegetables could lead to sample quality deficit and misusage of the plant database. In this study, twenty vegetables that were collected and managed based on the recommendations of the Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Thailand, were investigated regarding their proximate mineral, vitamin and carotenoid contents using the standard procedures of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The results showed that these plants (100 g dry weight) exhibited similar energy levels (337.11-420.48 kcal), which were mainly distributed from high carbohydrate content (21.01-88.17 g), while protein (3.14-66.07 g) and fat (0.00-10.33 g) levels were quite low. As a form of carbohydrate, dietary fiber was found to be high in Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf (Cy. citratus) and Solanum torvum Sw. (So. torvum) (57.00-59.54 g). Interestingly, Senegalia pennata subsp. insuavis (Lace) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger (S. pennata) exhibited exceptionally high protein content, which was between 2.3 and 3.1 times higher than its carbohydrates. High mineral contents were detected in S. pennata, Ocimum africanum Lour. (O. africanum), Ocimum basilicum L. (O. basilicum), Ocimum gratissimum L. var. macrophyllum Briq. (O. gratissimum) and Coriandrum sativum L. (Co. sativum), while Mentha cordifolia Opiz ex Fresen (M. cordifolia) was observed to be a good source of vitamin C (381.36-547.47 mg). High carotenoids were mostly found in Eryngium foetidum L. (E. foetidum), O. gratissimum, Co. sativum and O. basilicum (75.23-119.96 mg). Interestingly, the location of sample collection seemed to have minimal effect on the nutritional and carotenoid compositions. The results of this study provide reliable information concerning the nutritional and carotenoid contents in plant sources with control of origin, which could be used in the future for food development with specific nutritional requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uthaiwan Suttisansanee
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Parunya Thiyajai
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Woorawee Inthachat
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Kanchana Pruesapan
- Plant Varieties Protection Division, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Khanitha Wongwathanarat
- Biotechnology Research and Development Office, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Somsri Charoenkiatkul
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Yuraporn Sahasakul
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Piya Temviriyanukul
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- Corresponding author.
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49
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Ogbuewu IP, Mbajiorgu CA. Utilisation of cassava as energy and protein feed resource in broiler chicken and laying hen diets. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:161. [PMID: 37060476 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
A detailed understanding of the nutrient contents of cassava products is crucial to fully maximise their utilisation in animal feed. This study aimed to review published data on the nutritional quality of cassava products and their use as a source of energy and protein in broiler chicken and laying hen diets. Cassava is a tuber crop that grows abundantly in tropical countries, and its products are classified as energy or protein feed resources based on their protein and energy levels. Cassava starch residue (CSR), cassava root meal (CRM), cassava peel meal (CPM), ensiled cassava peel meal (ECPM), fermented cassava peel meal (FCPM), cassava pulp, and cassava root sievate meal (CRSM) were classified as an energy source in chicken feed, whereas cassava leaf meal (CLM) is classified as a protein source. Nutritional analysis indicates that cassava leaves are high in protein, fibre, minerals, vitamins (B1, B2, and C), and carotenoids, while CRM is rich in energy but low in crude protein (CP). Additionally, cassava contains cyanogenic glycosides, especially linamarin, and lotaustralin, which release toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN) upon tissue disruption. The utilisation of cassava as an energy or protein feed resource in the chicken diet is limited by its high fibre, presence of HCN, nutrient imbalance, and dusty nature of its dried meals. Efforts have been made to enhance the nutrient quality of cassava and increase their utilisation in chicken feed using different processing techniques with some success. Available information on the nutrient contents of differently processed cassava and its effect on chicken performance is vast and dispersed, making it hard to use such information in the decision-making process. Therefore, this review aimed to aggregate published articles on the nutrient contents of cassava products and their impacts on the health and productive indices of broiler chickens and laying hens into a single document for ease of comparison and decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- I P Ogbuewu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa.
| | - C A Mbajiorgu
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa
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50
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Bykowska-Derda A, Kałużna M, Garbacz A, Ziemnicka K, Ruchała M, Czlapka-Matyasik M. Intake of Low Glycaemic Index Foods but Not Probiotics Is Associated with Atherosclerosis Risk in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:799. [PMID: 36983954 PMCID: PMC10052525 DOI: 10.3390/life13030799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at high cardiometabolic risk. The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) strongly predicts atherosclerosis. Some studies suggest that probiotic intake may lower AIP. This study analysed the relationship between the frequency of dietary intake of low glycaemic index (prebiotic) and probiotic foods and atherosclerosis risk in women with PCOS. METHODS A total of 127 women were divided into two groups: AIP over 0.11 (highAIP) and AIP ≤ 0.11 (lowAIP). The KomPAN® questionnaire was used to measure food frequency intake; pro-healthy, non-healthy, low glycaemic and probiotic dietary indexes were calculated based on daily food consumption. Body composition was measured by air displacement plethysmography (BodPod). AIP was calculated as a logarithm of triglycerides and high-density lipoproteins from plasma. RESULTS The highAIP group was 63% less likely to consume low glycaemic index foods three or more times a day than the lowAIP group. The HighAIP group was also 62% less likely to consume buckwheat, oats, whole-grain pasta or coarse-ground grains at least a few times a week. Pro-healthy foods tended to be less frequently consumed by the highAIP group, when adjusted for BMI and age. CONCLUSION Women with PCOS at high risk of atherosclerosis consumed less low glycaemic index foods than women with a low risk of atherosclerosis. Intake of high-fibre, low glycaemic index foods could prevent atherosclerosis in women with PCOS; however, the effect of probiotic food intake remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Bykowska-Derda
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Kałużna
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Garbacz
- Student Science Club of Dieticians, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ziemnicka
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Ruchała
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Czlapka-Matyasik
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland;
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