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Maw AA, Thwin T, Owino VO, Ward LC. Development of a bioelectrical impedance analysis-based prediction equation for body composition of rural children aged 4-8 years in Myanmar. Nutr Health 2024:2601060241260983. [PMID: 38860329 DOI: 10.1177/02601060241260983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Background: Reliable and accurate estimates of body composition are essential when studying the various health correlates of disease. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is an affordable and feasible body composition assessment technique for clinical and field settings. Total body water (TBW) and hence fat-free mass is estimated by predictive regression algorithms using anthropometric measurements plus the resistance index. Aim: The study aimed to develop a BIA prediction equation for TBW in children in Myanmar using the deuterium dilution technique as the reference method. Methods: The study design was cross-sectional in a school setting with convenience sampling of participants. One hundred and two healthy children (57 boys and 45 girls) with aged 4 and 8 years participated; randomly divided into the prediction group (29 boys and 22 girls) and cross-validation group (28 boys and 23 girls). Whole-body impedance, anthropometric and TBW (by D2O dilution) measurements. The prediction equation was cross-validated using a split-group design and compared to published equations for contemporaneous populations. Results: TBW could be predicted by the following equation. TBW = 0.4597 * Weight (kg) + 0.1564 * Impedance index + 0.6075 (R2 = 0.891, P < 0.0001) with a correlation coefficient of 0.942 and limits of agreement of 0.98 kg TBW on cross-validation. Conclusions: This equation can be used to predict body composition in young (aged 4-8 years) children in Myanmar but because the age range of the participants in the present study was relatively narrow, more research in different age groups is required to establish its broader applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aye Aye Maw
- Department of Medical Research, Myanmar Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Theingi Thwin
- Department of Medical Research, Myanmar Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Victor O Owino
- Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leigh C Ward
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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de Castro JAC, de Lima TR, Silva DAS. Health-Related Physical Fitness Evaluation in HIV-Diagnosed Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:541. [PMID: 38791753 PMCID: PMC11121308 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-related physical fitness has been widely used to investigate the adverse effects of HIV infection/ART in children and adolescents. However, methods/protocols and cut-points applied for investigating health-related physical fitness are not clear. The aim of this scoping review was to map the literature to identify gaps in knowledge regarding the methods/protocols and cut-points. METHODS A scoping review, following the Joana Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines, was conducted through ten major databases. Search followed the PCC strategy to construct block of terms related to population (children and adolescents), concept (health-related physical fitness components) and context (HIV infection). RESULTS The search resulted in 7545 studies. After duplicate removal, titles and abstracts reading and full text assessment, 246 studies were included in the scoping review. Body composition was the most investigated component (n = 244), followed by muscular strength/endurance (n = 23), cardiorespiratory fitness (n = 15) and flexibility (n = 4). The World Health Organization growth curves, and nationals' surveys were the most reference values applied to classify body composition (n = 149), followed by internal cut-points (n = 30) and cut-points developed through small populations (n = 16). Cardiorespiratory fitness was classified through cut-points from three different assessment batteries, as well as cut-points developed through studies with small populations, muscular strength/endurance and flexibility were classified through the same cut-points from five different assessment batteries. CONCLUSIONS The research on muscular strength/endurance, cardiorespiratory fitness and flexibility has been scarcely explored. The lack of studies that investigated method usability as well as reference values was evidenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Antônio Chula de Castro
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (J.A.C.d.C.); (T.R.d.L.)
| | - Tiago Rodrigues de Lima
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (J.A.C.d.C.); (T.R.d.L.)
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, University of the State of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88080-350, SC, Brazil
| | - Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (J.A.C.d.C.); (T.R.d.L.)
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3
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Cattem MVDO, Orsso CE, Gonzalez MC, Koury JC. One-Year Changes in Bioelectrical Impedance Data in Adolescent Athletes. Nutrients 2024; 16:701. [PMID: 38474828 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Raw bioelectrical impedance (BI) data and vector analysis (BIVA) have been used to evaluate fat-free mass (FFM) cross-sectionally in adolescent athletes; however, there have been no longitudinal studies about it. This study aimed to assess the magnitude of changes in raw BI data (resistance [R], reactance [Xc], and phase angle [PhA]), BIVA, and FFM in adolescent athletes (n = 137, 40% female). BI data were collected using a single-frequency device at baseline and after one year of sports practice. Baseline chronological age categorized the participants (11, 12, or 13 years [y]). In females, Xc/H increased (13 to 14 y, p = 0.04) while R/H decreased in all age groups (p = 0.001). PhA (11 to 12 y, p = 0.048) and FFM (11 to 12 y and 12 to 13 y groups p = 0.001) increased and showed the lowest magnitude of changes in the 13 to 14 y group (p = 0.05). In males, Xc/H decreased (11 to 12 and 12 to 13 y groups, p = 0.001) with a higher magnitude of changes in the 13 to 14 y group (p = 0.004); R/H decreased (p = 0.001); FFM increased in all groups (p = 0.001); however, no magnitude of changes was observed. PhA increased in the 13 to 14 y group (p = 0.004). BIVA showed no differences among ellipse distances in females. In males, a high distance was observed in the 11 to 12 y group. "Time interval" influenced PhA and Xc/H in the female group and R/H and Xc/H in the male group. "Initial age" and "time interval" influenced the increase in PhA in the male group. Raw BI data and BIVA patterns can detect the magnitude of the changes in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camila E Orsso
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Maria Cristina Gonzalez
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition and Foods, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, Brazil
| | - Josely Correa Koury
- Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil
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4
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Dowda M, Saunders RP, Dishman RK, Pate RR. Association of physical activity, sedentary behavior, diet quality with adiposity: a longitudinal analysis in children categorized by baseline weight status. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:240-246. [PMID: 37932409 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01405-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Childhood obesity rates have increased in recent years. The effectiveness of future public health interventions to reduce childhood obesity will be enhanced by a better understanding of behavioral factors that influence adiposity in children as they transition from childhood to adolescence. The purpose of this study was to examine whether initial weight status modifies the longitudinal associations of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and diet quality with changes in adiposity over time. SUBJECTS/METHODS A total of 658 children (45% boys) were stratified into 3 groups based on 5th grade BMI percentiles ( < 85th, 85-95th, > 95th) and followed from 5th grade to 6th and/or 7th grade. Study variables, including fat-mass-index (FMI), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), diet quality, and sedentary behavior, were measured at 5th, 6th, and/or 7th grades. Separate growth curve models were conducted within each weight status group to examine the associations between MVPA, sedentary behavior, diet quality and adiposity, operationalized as FMI. All models controlled for sex, maturity offset, race, and parent education. RESULTS Of the 658 children, 53% were classified with normal weight at baseline, 18% with overweight, and 29% with obesity. Associations between MVPA, sedentary behavior, diet quality and FMI varied within each weight status group. MVPA was negatively associated with adiposity (FMI) for all weight status groups. Diet quality and sedentary behavior were associated with adiposity only in children with obesity at baseline; neither diet quality nor sedentary behavior was associated with FMI for those with overweight. CONCLUSIONS MVPA was negatively associated with adiposity (FMI) in all weight status groups, suggesting that MVPA may protect against higher adiposity. Sedentary behavior and diet quality were associated with adiposity only in children with obesity at baseline; neither sedentary behavior nor diet quality was associated with FMI for children with overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsha Dowda
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, Suite 212, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| | - Ruth P Saunders
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, Suite 212, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Rod K Dishman
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Georgia, Ramsey Student Center, 330 River Road, Athens, GA, 30602-6554, USA
| | - Russell R Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, Suite 212, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
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Mahaffey R, Brown N, Cramp M, Morrison SC, Drechsler WI. Evaluation of bioelectrical impedance analysis in measuring body fat in 6-to-12-year-old boys compared with air displacement plethysmography. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1098-1104. [PMID: 36562205 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522004019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Air displacement plethysmography (ADP) has been considered as the 'standard' method to determine body fat in children due to superior validity and reliability compared with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). However, ADP and BIA are often used interchangeably despite few studies comparing measures of percentage body fat by ADP (%FMADP) with BIA (%FMBIA) in children with and without obesity. The objective of this study was to measure concurrent validity and reliability of %FMADP and %FMBIA in 6-to-12-year-old boys with and without obesity. Seventy-one boys (twenty-five with obesity) underwent body composition assessment. Ten boys participated in intra-day reliability analysis. %FMADP was estimated by Bodpod using sex- and age-specific equations of body density. %FMBIA was estimated by a multi-frequency, hand-to-foot device using child-specific equations based on impedance. Validity was assessed by t tests, correlation coefficients and limits of agreement (LoA); and reliability by technical error of measurement (TEM) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Compared with %FMADP, %FMBIA was significantly underestimated in the cohort (-3·4 ± 5·6 %; effect size = 0·42) and in both boys with obesity (-5·2 ± 5·5 %; ES = 0·90) and without obesity (-2·4 ± 5·5 %; ES = 0·52). A strong, significant positive correlation was found between %FMADP and %FMBIA (r = 0·80). Across the cohort, LoA were 22·3 %, and no proportional bias was detected. For reliability, TEM were 0·65 % and 0·55 %, and ICC were 0·93 and 0·95 for %FMBIA and %FMADP, respectively. Whilst both %FMADP and %FMBIA are highly reliable methods, considerable differences indicated that the devices cannot be used interchangeably in boys age 6-to-12 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Mahaffey
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Sciences, St Mary's University, Twickenham, UK
| | - Nicola Brown
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Sciences, St Mary's University, Twickenham, UK
| | - Mary Cramp
- Department of Allied Health Professions, University of the West of EnglandBristol, UK
| | - Stewart C Morrison
- School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, UK
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Sanguesa J, Marquez S, Bustamante M, Sunyer J, Iniguez C, Vioque J, Rodriguez LSM, Jimeno-Romero A, Torrent M, Casas M, Vrijheid M. Prenatal Vitamin D Levels Influence Growth and Body Composition until 11 Years in Boys. Nutrients 2023; 15:2033. [PMID: 37432159 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational vitamin D levels may influence offspring growth and modulate adipogenesis. Findings from prospective studies are inconsistent, and few have evaluated the persistence of these associations into late childhood. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between prenatal vitamin D levels and growth and adiposity in late childhood. METHODS We included 2027 mother-child pairs from the INMA birth cohort. 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (vitamin D3) levels were measured in serum at 13 weeks of pregnancy. Sex- and age-specific body mass index z-scores were calculated at 7 and 11 years, overweight was defined as z-score ≥ 85th percentile, and body fat mass was measured at 11 years. Z-score body mass index (zBMI) trajectories from birth to 11 years were identified using latent class growth analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of vitamin D3 deficiency (<20 ng/mL) was 17.5%, and around 40% of the children had overweight at both ages. Associations between vitamin D levels and outcomes differed by sex. In boys, maternal vitamin D3 deficient status was associated with higher zBMI, higher fat mass percentage, higher odds of being overweight, and with an increased risk of belonging to lower birth size followed by accelerated BMI gain trajectory. In girls no associations were observed. CONCLUSION Our results support a sex-specific programming effect of early pregnancy vitamin D3 levels on offspring body composition into late childhood observed in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sanguesa
- ISGlobal, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Marquez
- ISGlobal, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- ISGlobal, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Iniguez
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Statistics and Operational Research, Universitat de València, 46010 València, Spain
| | - Jesus Vioque
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL-FISABIO Foundation), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, University Miguel Hernandez, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Loreto Santa-Marina Rodriguez
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
- Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, SubDirectorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, 20010 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Alba Jimeno-Romero
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Matias Torrent
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IB-SALUT, Area de Salud de Menorca, Menorca, Spain
| | - Maribel Casas
- ISGlobal, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
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Hudda MT, Wells JCK, Adair LS, Alvero-Cruz JRA, Ashby-Thompson MN, Ballesteros-Vásquez MN, Barrera-Exposito J, Caballero B, Carnero EA, Cleghorn GJ, Davies PSW, Desmond M, Devakumar D, Gallagher D, Guerrero-Alcocer EV, Haschke F, Horlick M, Ben Jemaa H, Khan AI, Mankai A, Monyeki MA, Nashandi HL, Ortiz-Hernandez L, Plasqui G, Reichert FF, Robles-Sardin AE, Rush E, Shypailo RJ, Sobiecki JG, Ten Hoor GA, Valdés J, Wickramasinghe VP, Wong WW, Riley RD, Owen CG, Whincup PH, Nightingale CM. External validation of a prediction model for estimating fat mass in children and adolescents in 19 countries: individual participant data meta-analysis. BMJ 2022; 378:e071185. [PMID: 36130780 PMCID: PMC9490487 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-071185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of a UK based prediction model for estimating fat-free mass (and indirectly fat mass) in children and adolescents in non-UK settings. DESIGN Individual participant data meta-analysis. SETTING 19 countries. PARTICIPANTS 5693 children and adolescents (49.7% boys) aged 4 to 15 years with complete data on the predictors included in the UK based model (weight, height, age, sex, and ethnicity) and on the independently assessed outcome measure (fat-free mass determined by deuterium dilution assessment). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The outcome of the UK based prediction model was natural log transformed fat-free mass (lnFFM). Predictive performance statistics of R2, calibration slope, calibration-in-the-large, and root mean square error were assessed in each of the 19 countries and then pooled through random effects meta-analysis. Calibration plots were also derived for each country, including flexible calibration curves. RESULTS The model showed good predictive ability in non-UK populations of children and adolescents, providing R2 values of >75% in all countries and >90% in 11 of the 19 countries, and with good calibration (ie, agreement) of observed and predicted values. Root mean square error values (on fat-free mass scale) were <4 kg in 17 of the 19 settings. Pooled values (95% confidence intervals) of R2, calibration slope, and calibration-in-the-large were 88.7% (85.9% to 91.4%), 0.98 (0.97 to 1.00), and 0.01 (-0.02 to 0.04), respectively. Heterogeneity was evident in the R2 and calibration-in-the-large values across settings, but not in the calibration slope. Model performance did not vary markedly between boys and girls, age, ethnicity, and national income groups. To further improve the accuracy of the predictions, the model equation was recalibrated for the intercept in each setting so that country specific equations are available for future use. CONCLUSION The UK based prediction model, which is based on readily available measures, provides predictions of childhood fat-free mass, and hence fat mass, in a range of non-UK settings that explain a large proportion of the variability in observed fat-free mass, and exhibit good calibration performance, especially after recalibration of the intercept for each population. The model demonstrates good generalisability in both low-middle income and high income populations of healthy children and adolescents aged 4-15 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed T Hudda
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Jonathan C K Wells
- Population, Policy, and Practice Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Linda S Adair
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina Schools of Public Health and Medicine, NC, USA
| | | | - Maxine N Ashby-Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jesus Barrera-Exposito
- Biodynamic and Body Composition Laboratory, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Benjamin Caballero
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elvis A Carnero
- Translational Research Institute, Adventhealth Orlando, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Geoff J Cleghorn
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter S W Davies
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Malgorzata Desmond
- Population, Policy, and Practice Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | - Dympna Gallagher
- Department of Medicine and Institute Human Nutrition, Division of Endocrinology, New York Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elvia V Guerrero-Alcocer
- Centro Universitario UAEM Amecameca, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Amecameca de Juárez, Mexico
| | | | - Mary Horlick
- Body Composition Unit, St Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Houda Ben Jemaa
- Nutrition Department, Higher School of Health Sciences and Techniques, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ashraful I Khan
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Amani Mankai
- Nutrition Department, Higher School of Health Sciences and Techniques, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Makama A Monyeki
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Recreation Research Focus Area (PhASRec), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Hilde L Nashandi
- School of Nursing and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Luis Ortiz-Hernandez
- Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guy Plasqui
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Felipe F Reichert
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Alma E Robles-Sardin
- Coordinación de Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Elaine Rush
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Roman J Shypailo
- Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jakub G Sobiecki
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gill A Ten Hoor
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jesús Valdés
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - William W Wong
- Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard D Riley
- Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Christopher G Owen
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Peter H Whincup
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Claire M Nightingale
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
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Pretorius A, Wood P, Becker P, Wenhold F. Physical Activity and Related Factors in Pre-Adolescent Southern African Children of Diverse Population Groups. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9912. [PMID: 36011543 PMCID: PMC9408511 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tailored obesity management includes understanding physical activity (PA) and its context, ideally in childhood before the onset of health risk. This cross-sectional study determined, by sex and population, the PA of Southern African pre-adolescent urban primary school children. PA was measured objectively (step count: pedometer) and subjectively (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children [PAQ-C]), taking confounders (phenotype, school-built environment, and socio-economic environment) into account. Body composition was measured with multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (Seca mBCA). PA was adjusted for phenotypic confounders (body size and composition) using multivariate regression. Sex and population differences in PA were determined with two-way ANOVA. Ninety-four healthy pre-adolescents (60% girls, 52% black) with a similar socio-economic status and access to PA participated. Amidst phenotypic differences, average steps/day in girls (10,212) was lower than in boys (11,433) (p = 0.029), and lower in black (9280) than in white (12,258) (p < 0.001) participants. PAQ-C scores (5-point rating) were lower for girls (2.63) than boys (2.92) (p < 0.001) but higher for black (2.89) than white (2.58) (p < 0.001) participants. Objective and subjective measurements were, however, not significantly (r = −0.02; p = 0.876) related and PAQ-C failed to identify reactive changes in the step count. Objectively measured PA of black participants and of girls was consistently lower than for white participants and boys. Target-group specific interventions should therefore be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Pretorius
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Paola Wood
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa
| | - Piet Becker
- Research Office, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa
| | - Friede Wenhold
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa
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9
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Licenziati MR, Ballarin G, Iannuzzo G, Lonardo MS, Di Vincenzo O, Iannuzzi A, Valerio G. A height-weight formula to measure body fat in childhood obesity. Ital J Pediatr 2022; 48:106. [PMID: 35729585 PMCID: PMC9210685 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-022-01285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The assessment of body composition is central in diagnosis and treatment of paediatric obesity, but a criterion method is not feasible in clinical practice. Even the use of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is limited in children. Body mass index (BMI) Z-score is frequently used as a proxy index of body composition, but it does not discriminate between fat mass and fat-free mass. We aimed to assess the extent to which fat mass and percentage of body fat estimated by a height-weight equation agreed with a BIA equation in youths with obesity from South Italy. Furthermore, we investigated the correlation between BMI Z-score and fat mass or percentage of body mass estimated by these two models. Methods One-hundred-seventy-four youths with obesity (52.3% males, mean age 10.8 ± 1.9) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Fat mass and percentage of body fat were calculated according to a height-weight based prediction model and to a BIA prediction model. Results According to Bland–Altman statistics, mean differences were relatively small for both fat mass (+ 0.65 kg) and percentage of body fat (+ 1.27%) with an overestimation at lower mean values; the majority of values fell within the limits of agreement. BMI Z-score was significantly associated with both fat mass and percentage of body fat, regardless of the method, but the strength of correlation was higher when the height-weight equation was considered (r = 0.82; p < 0.001). Conclusions This formula may serve as surrogate for body fat estimation when instrumental tools are not available. Dealing with changes of body fat instead of BMI Z-score may help children and parents to focus on diet for health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13052-022-01285-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Licenziati
- Department of Neurosciences, Obesity and Endocrine Disease Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Giada Ballarin
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Iannuzzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Lonardo
- Department of Neurosciences, Obesity and Endocrine Disease Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Olivia Di Vincenzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Department of Public Health, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Iannuzzi
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, A. Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Valerio
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy.
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da Costa RF, Silva AM, Masset KVDSB, Cesário TDM, Cabral BGDAT, Ferrari G, Dantas PMS. Development and Cross-Validation of a Predictive Equation for Fat-Free Mass in Brazilian Adolescents by Bioelectrical Impedance. Front Nutr 2022; 9:820736. [PMID: 35369072 PMCID: PMC8969741 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.820736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is one of the most commonly used techniques for assessing body composition in a clinical setting and in field approaches, as it has the advantages of easy application, fast, and non-invasive, in addition to its relatively low cost. However, the available predictive equations need to be valid for the evaluated subjects. The aim of this study was to verify the validity of several published BIA equations in estimating fat-free mass (FFM) among Brazilian adolescents, in addition to developing and cross-validating a BIA equation to estimate FFM appropriate for Brazilian adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study with 257 adolescents (128 girls) aged 10-19 years, randomly divided into two groups, namely, development (n = 172) and cross-validation (n = 85). The standard technique for assessing FFM was dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The paired t-test, multiple regression, and the Bland-Altman plots were used to test the validity of the proposed models and to perform cross-validation of the model. The equation derived in this study was as follows: FFM = -17.189 + 0.498 (Height2/Resistance) + 0.226 Weight + 0.071 Reactance - 2.378 Sex + 0.097 Height + 0.222 Age; r 2 = 0.92; standard error of the estimate = 2.49 kg; the new equation for FFM showed better agreement when compared with that of the equations developed in other countries. In conclusion, the newly developed equations provide a valid FFM estimation and are recommended for Brazilian adolescents with similar characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Fernandes da Costa
- Physical Education Department, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil,*Correspondence: Roberto Fernandes da Costa,
| | - Analiza M. Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Tatianny de Macêdo Cesário
- Physical Education Department, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Gerson Ferrari
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile,Grupo de Estudio en Educación, Laboratorio de Rendimiento Humano, Actividad Física y Salud (GEEAFyS), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Paulo Moreira Silva Dantas
- Physical Education Department, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Resting Energy Expenditure and Related Factors in 6- to 9-Year-Old Southern African Children of Diverse Population Groups. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061983. [PMID: 34207655 PMCID: PMC8229942 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower resting energy expenditure (REE) may partially explain the disproportionate prevalence of overweight/obesity among black African women. As no previous studies have investigated the REE of Southern African (South. Afr.) children, we aimed to determine, by sex and population group, the REE of 6- to 9-year-old urban school children. In a cross-sectional study with quota sampling, REE was measured with indirect calorimetry (IC). Confounders considered were: body composition (BC) (fat-free mass (FFM), FFM index, fat mass (FM), FM index), assessed using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis, and physical activity (PA) measured with a pedometer. Multivariate regression was used to calculate REE adjusted for phenotypes (BC, z-scores of weight-for-age, height-for-age, body mass index-for-age) and PA. Sex and population differences in REE were determined with two-way ANOVA. Ninety-four healthy children (59.6% girls; 52.1% black) with similar socioeconomic status and PA opportunities participated. Despite BC variations, sex differences in REE were not significant (41 kcal/day; P = 0.375). The REE of black participants was lower than of white (146 kcal/day; P = 0.002). When adjusted for FFM and HFA z-score, the differences in REE declined but remained clinically meaningful at 91 kcal/day (P = 0.039) and 82 kcal/day (P = 0.108), respectively. We recommend the development of population-specific REE prediction equations for South. Afr. children.
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Cattem MVDO, Sinforoso BT, Campa F, Koury JC. Bioimpedance Vector Patterns according to Age and Handgrip Strength in Adolescent Male and Female Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18116069. [PMID: 34199903 PMCID: PMC8200122 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bioelectric Impedance Vector Analysis (BIVA) can be used to qualitatively compare individuals’ hydration and cell mass independently of predictive equations. This study aimed to analyze the efficiency of BIVA considering chronological age and handgrip strength in adolescent athletes. A total of 273 adolescents (male; 59%) engaged in different sports were evaluated. Bioelectrical impedance (Z), resistance (R), reactance (Xc), and phase angle (PhA) were obtained using a single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Fat-free mass (FFM) and total body water were estimated using bioimpedance-based equations specific for adolescents. Female showed higher values of R (5.5%, p = 0.001), R/height (3.8%, p = 0.041), Z (5.3%, p = 0.001), and fat mass (53.9%, p = 0.001) than male adolescents. Male adolescents showed higher values of FFM (5.3%, p = 0.021) and PhA (3.1%, p = 0.033) than female adolescents. In both stratifications, adolescents (older > 13 years or stronger > median value) shifted to the left on the R-Xc graph, showing patterns of higher hydration and cell mass. The discrimination of subjects older than 13 years and having higher median of handgrip strength values was possibly due to maturity differences. This study showed that BIVA identified age and strength influence in vector displacement, assessing qualitative information and offering patterns of vector distribution in adolescent athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Vinicius de Oliveira Cattem
- Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Nutrition Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil; (M.V.d.O.C.); (B.T.S.)
| | - Bruna Taranto Sinforoso
- Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Nutrition Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil; (M.V.d.O.C.); (B.T.S.)
| | - Francesco Campa
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Josely Correa Koury
- Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Nutrition Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil; (M.V.d.O.C.); (B.T.S.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Güil-Oumrait N, Valvi D, Garcia-Esteban R, Guxens M, Sunyer J, Torrent M, Casas M, Vrijheid M. Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and markers of obesity and cardiometabolic risk in Spanish adolescents. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 151:106469. [PMID: 33711537 PMCID: PMC7960637 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has been linked to cardiometabolic (CM) risk factors in childhood, but there are no studies evaluating the persistence of these associations into adolescence, a period of relevant changes in endocrine-dependent organ systems and rapid increases in lean and fat mass. We examined the associations of prenatal POP exposures with body mass index (BMI) from age 4 to 18 years, and with other CM risk markers in adolescence. METHODS We analysed 379 children from the Spanish INMA-Menorca birth cohort study with measured cord blood POP concentrations. We calculated BMI z-scores at ages 4, 6, 11, 14 and 18 years using the WHO growth reference. Body fat % was measured at 11 and 18 years and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and blood pressure (BP) at 11, 14 and 18 years. We measured CM biomarkers in fasting blood collected at age 14 years and calculated a CM-risk score as the sum of the sex-, and age-specific z-scores for waist circumference, mean arterial BP, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, fasting blood triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (n = 217). Generalised estimating equations and multivariate linear regression models assessed the associations with repeated and single time-point measures, respectively. RESULTS Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) exposure in the third tertile, compared to the first tertile, was associated with higher BMI (β = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.47) and WHtR z-score (β = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.51). A continuous increase in HCB was associated with an elevated body fat % (β per 10-fold increase = 4.21; 95% CI: 0.51, 7.92), systolic BP (β = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.64) and diastolic BP z-score (β = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.62) across all ages, and with higher CM-risk score (β = 1.59; 95% CI: 0.02, 3.18) and lipid biomarkers (total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)) at 14 years. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT) exposure was non-monotonically associated with BMI and systolic BP. p,p'-DDE and Σ-polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (sum of congeners 118, 138, 153, 180) were not associated with adiposity or BP. p,p'-DDT exposure was associated with an increased CM-risk score, and ΣPCBs concentrations with LDL-C in all adolescents and with total cholesterol only in girls (p-sex interaction = 0.05). CONCLUSION This first longitudinal study from 4 to 18 years suggests that the previously reported POP associations with child BMI persist later in adolescence and that prenatal POP exposures are associated with major risk factors for adult CM syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Güil-Oumrait
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Damaskini Valvi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Raquel Garcia-Esteban
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Monica Guxens
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; IMIM-Parc Salut Mar, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | | | - Maribel Casas
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
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New bioelectrical impedance analysis equations for children and adolescents based on the deuterium dilution technique. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 44:402-409. [PMID: 34330497 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Body composition in childhood is not only a marker of the prevalence of obesity, but it can also be used to assess associated metabolic complications. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) shows promise as an easy to use, rapid, and non-invasive tool to evaluate body composition. The objectives of this study were to: (a) develop BIA prediction equations to estimate total body water (TBW) and fat-free mass (FFM) in European children and early adolescents and to validate the analysis with the deuterium dilution as the reference technique and (b) compare our results with previously published paediatric BIA equations. METHODS The cohort included 266 healthy children and adolescents between 7 and 14 years of age, 46% girls, in five European countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Latvia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Portugal. TBW and FFM were the target variables in the developed regression models. For model development, the dataset was randomly split into training and test sets, in 70:30 ratio, respectively. Model tuning was performed with 10-fold cross-validation that confirmed the unbiased estimate of its performance. The final regression models were retrained on the whole dataset. RESULTS Cross-validated regression models were developed using resistance index, weight, and sex as the optimal predictors. The new prediction equations explained 87% variability in both TBW and FFM. Limits of agreement between BIA and reference values, were within ±17% of the mean, (-3.4, 3.7) and (-4.5, 4.8) kg for TBW and FFM, respectively. BIA FFM and TBW estimates were within one standard deviation for approximately 83% of the children. BIA prediction equations underestimated TBW and FFM by 0.2 kg and 0.1 kg respectively with no proportional bias and comparable accuracy among different BMI-for-age subgroups. Comparison with predictive equations from published studies revealed varying discrepancy rates with the deuterium dilution measurements, with only two being equivalent to the equations developed in this study. CONCLUSIONS The small difference between deuterium dilution and BIA measurements validated by Bland-Altman analysis, supports the application of BIA for epidemiological studies in European children using the developed equations.
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Grilo EC, Cunha TA, Costa ÁDS, Araújo BGM, Lopes MMGD, Maciel BLL, Alves CX, Vermeulen-Serpa KM, Dourado-Júnior MET, Leite-Lais L, Brandão-Neto J, Vale SHL. Validity of bioelectrical impedance to estimate fat-free mass in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241722. [PMID: 33216757 PMCID: PMC7679022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of fat-free mass (FFM) in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is useful to investigate disease progression and therapeutic efficacy. This study aimed to validate the Bioelectrical impedance (BIA) method compared with the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for estimating the %FFM in boys with DMD. This is a cross-sectional study performed with children and adolescents diagnosed with DMD. Resistance and reactance were measured with a BIA analyzer, from which eight predictive equations estimated the %FFM. The %FFM was also determined by DXA and its used as a reference method. Pearson correlation test, coefficient of determination, the root-mean-square error, the interclass correlation coefficient, and linear regression analysis were performed between %FFM values obtained by BIA and DXA. The agreement between these values was verified with the Bland-Altman plot analysis. Forty-six boys aged from 5 to 20 years were enrolled in the study. All the equations showed a correlation between the %FFM estimated by BIA and determined by DXA (p < 0.05). The Bland-Altman method indicated that two equations have a significant bias (p < 0.05) and six equations showed no significant bias of %FFM (p > 0.05). However, one of them has high variation and wide limits of agreement. Five of eight %FFM predictive equations tested in DMD were accurate when compared with the DXA. It can be concluded that BIA is a validity method to evaluate patients with DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evellyn C. Grilo
- Postgraduate Health Sciences Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Thais A. Cunha
- Postgraduate Health Sciences Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Ádila Danielly S. Costa
- Postgraduate Nutrition Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Bárbara G. M. Araújo
- Nutrition Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna L. L. Maciel
- Nutrition Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Camila X. Alves
- Neurology outpatient facility, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Karina M. Vermeulen-Serpa
- Postgraduate Health Sciences Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Lucia Leite-Lais
- Nutrition Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - José Brandão-Neto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Sancha Helena L. Vale
- Nutrition Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Kangas ST, Kaestel P, Salpéteur C, Nikièma V, Talley L, Briend A, Ritz C, Friis H, Wells JC. Body composition during outpatient treatment of severe acute malnutrition: Results from a randomised trial testing different doses of ready-to-use therapeutic foods. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:3426-3433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Clennin M, Brown A, Lian M, Dowda M, Colabianchi N, Pate RR. Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation Associated with Fat Mass and Weight Status in Youth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176421. [PMID: 32899280 PMCID: PMC7503851 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Few studies have examined the relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation (SED) and weight-related outcomes in youth, controlling for weight-related behaviors. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine the association between neighborhood SED, weight status, and fat mass in a diverse sample of youth, before and after controlling for physical activity and diet. (2) Methods: The sample included 828 youth from the Transitions and Activity Changes in Kids study. Neighborhood SED was expressed as an index score at the census tract of residence. Height, weight, and body composition were measured and used to calculate fat mass index (FMI) and weight status. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior (min/h) were measured via accelerometry. Diet quality was assessed via the Block Food Screener for Kids. Multilevel regression models were employed to examine these relationships. (3) Results: Neighborhood SED was significantly associated with FMI and weight status before and after controlling for MVPA, sedentary behavior, and diet. Notably, youth residing in the most deprived neighborhoods had significantly higher FMI and were 30% more likely to be overweight/obese (OR = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.03-1.65). (4) Conclusions: Greater neighborhood SED was consistently and significantly associated with higher fat mass index and increased likelihood of overweight/obesity among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Clennin
- Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, CO 80014, USA
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (M.D.); (R.R.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Asia Brown
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
| | - Min Lian
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Marsha Dowda
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (M.D.); (R.R.P.)
| | - Natalie Colabianchi
- School of Kinesiology & Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Russell R. Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (M.D.); (R.R.P.)
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Wells JC, Williams JE, Ward LC, Fewtrell MS. Utility of specific bioelectrical impedance vector analysis for the assessment of body composition in children. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:1147-1154. [PMID: 32788087 PMCID: PMC7957362 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background & aims Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is widely considered a body composition technique suitable for routine application. However, its utility in sick or malnourished children is complicated by variability in hydration. A BIA variant termed vector analysis (BIVA) aims to resolve this, by differentiating hydration from cell mass. However, the model was only partially supported by children's data. To improve accuracy, further adjustment for body shape variability has been proposed, known as specific BIVA (BIVAspecific). Methods We re-analysed body composition data from 281 children and adolescents (46% male) aged 4–20 years of European ancestry. Measurements included anthropometry, conventional BIA, BIVA outcomes adjusted either for height (BIVAconventional), or for height and body cross-sectional area (BIVAspecific), and fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) by the criterion 4-component model. Graphic analysis and regression analysis were used to evaluate different BIA models for predicting FFM and FM. Results Age was strongly correlated with BIVAconventional parameters, but weakly with BIVAspecific parameters. FFM correlated more strongly with BIVAconventional than with BIVAspecific parameters, whereas the opposite pattern was found for FM. In multiple regression analyses, the best prediction models combined conventional BIA with BIVAspecific parameters, explaining 97.0% and 89.8% of the variance in FFM and FM respectively. These models could be further improved by incorporating body weight. Conclusions The prediction of body composition can be improved by combining two different theoretical models, each of which appears to provide different information about the two components FFM and FM. Further work should test the utility of this approach in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Ck Wells
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, Population, Policy and Practice Reseach and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
| | - Jane E Williams
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, Population, Policy and Practice Reseach and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Leigh C Ward
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mary S Fewtrell
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, Population, Policy and Practice Reseach and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
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Utility of published skinfold thickness equations for prediction of body composition in very young New Zealand children. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:349-360. [PMID: 32248845 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520001221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of body composition is increasingly important in research and clinical settings but is difficult in very young children. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and air displacement plethysmography (ADP) are well-established but require specialist equipment so are not always feasible. Our aim was to determine if anthropometry and skinfold thickness measurements can be used as a substitute for BIA or ADP for assessing body composition in very young New Zealand children. We used three multi-ethnic cohorts: 217 children at a mean age of 24·2 months with skinfold and BIA measurements; seventy-nine infants at a mean age of 20·9 weeks and seventy-three infants at a mean age of 16·2 weeks, both with skinfold and ADP measurements. We used Bland-Altman plots to compare fat and fat-free mass calculated using all potentially relevant equations with measurements using BIA or ADP. We also calculated the proportion of children in the same tertile for measured fat or fat-free mass and tertiles (i) calculated using each equation, (ii) each absolute skinfold, and (iii) sum of skinfold thicknesses. We found that even for the best equation for each cohort, the 95 % limits of agreement with standard measures were wide (25-200 % of the mean) and the proportion of children whose standard measures fell in the same tertile as the skinfold estimates was ≤69 %. We conclude that none of the available published skinfold thickness equations provides good prediction of body composition in multi-ethnic cohorts of very young New Zealand children with different birth history and growth patterns.
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Fonseca MJ, Santos AC, Barros H. Different levels of cardiometabolic indicators in multiple vs. singleton children. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:331. [PMID: 31510947 PMCID: PMC6737661 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1707-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to compare cardiometabolic indicators in singletons and multiples at age 7 and explore the birthweight mediation effect. METHODS We studied 5431 singletons and 103 sets of multiples from Generation XXI birth cohort. Anthropometric measurements, body composition, and fasting blood samples were obtained. Age- and sex-specific z-scores were calculated (additionally height-specific for blood pressure). Adjusted regression coefficients and respective 95% confidence intervals [β (95%CI)] were computed using path analysis. RESULTS Multiples had lower weight [- 0.419 (- 0.616;-0.223)], height [- 0.404 (- 0.594;-0.213)], BMI [- 0.470 (- 0.705;-0.234)], fat mass index [- 0.359 (- 0.565;-0.152)], waist circumference [- 0.342 (- 0.537;-0.147)], and waist-to-height ratio [- 0.165 (- 0.326;-0.003)] z-scores. These results were explained by the indirect effect via birthweight, which was also negative and significant for all the aforementioned cardiometabolic indicators, while no direct effect was present. There were also significant indirect effects regarding fat-free mass index, glucose, insulin, and blood pressure, though the total effects were not significant, due to the balance between direct and indirect effects. The only significant direct effect was regarding diastolic blood pressure [- 0.165 (- 0.302;-0.028)]. CONCLUSIONS At age 7, multiples presented better cardiometabolic indicators explained by lower weight at birth, except for the lower blood pressure which was independent of an effect via birthweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Fonseca
- ISPUP-EPIUnit, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas n° 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Cristina Santos
- ISPUP-EPIUnit, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas n° 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Henrique Barros
- ISPUP-EPIUnit, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas n° 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
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van Zyl A, White Z, Ferreira J, Wenhold FAM. Developing an Impedance Based Equation for Fat-Free Mass of Black Preadolescent South African Children. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092021. [PMID: 31466343 PMCID: PMC6769520 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a practical alternative to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for determining body composition in children. Currently, there are no population specific equations available for predicting fat-free mass (FFM) in South African populations. We determined agreement between fat-free mass measured by DXA (FFMDXA) and FFM calculated from published multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance prediction equations (FFMBIA); and developed a new equation for predicting FFM for preadolescent black South African children. Cross-sectional data on a convenience sample of 84 children (mean age 8.5 ± 1.4 years; 44 {52%} girls) included body composition assessed using Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (FFMDXA) and impedance values obtained from the Seca mBCA 514 Medical Body Composition analyzer used to calculate FFM using 17 published prediction equations (FFMBIA). Only two equations yielded FFM estimates that were similar to the DXA readings (p > 0.05). According to the Bland–Altman analysis, the mean differences in FFM (kg) were 0.15 (LOA: −2.68; 2.37) and 0.01 (LOA: −2.68; 2.66). Our new prediction equation, FFM=105.20+0.807×Sex+0.174×Weight+0.01×Reactance+15.71×log(RI), yielded an adjusted R2 = 0.9544. No statistical shrinkage was observed during cross-validation. A new equation enables the BIA-based prediction of FFM in the assessment of preadolescent black South African children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda van Zyl
- Department Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa
| | - Zelda White
- Department Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa.
| | - Johan Ferreira
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Friedeburg A M Wenhold
- Department Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa
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Schwartz A, Hunschede S, Lacombe RJS, Chatterjee D, Sánchez-Hernández D, Kubant R, Bazinet RP, Hamilton JK, Anderson GH. Acute decrease in plasma testosterone and appetite after either glucose or protein beverages in adolescent males. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2019; 91:295-303. [PMID: 31055857 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic testosterone blood concentrations associate with food intake (FI), but acute effects of testosterone on appetite and effect of protein and glucose consumption on testosterone response have had little examination. METHODS In a randomized, crossover study, twenty-three adolescent (12-18 years old) males were given beverages containing either: (a) whey protein (1 g/kg body weight), (b) glucose (1 g/kg body weight) or (c) a calorie-free control (C). Plasma testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), GLP-1 (active), ghrelin (acylated), glucose, insulin and subjective appetite were measured prior (0) and at 20, 35 and 65 minutes after the consumption of the beverage. FI at an ad libitum pizza meal was assessed at 85 minutes. RESULTS Testosterone decreased acutely to 20 minutes after both protein and glucose with the decrease continuing after protein but not glucose to 65 minutes (P = 0.0382). LH was also decreased by both protein and glucose, but glucose had no effect at 20 minutes in contrast to protein (P < 0.001). Plasma testosterone concentration correlated positively with LH (r = 0.58762, P < 0.0001) and negatively with GLP-1 (r = -0.50656, P = 0.0003). No associations with appetite, ghrelin or glycaemic markers were found. Food intake was not affected by treatments. CONCLUSION Protein or glucose ingestion results in acute decreases in both plasma testosterone and LH in adolescent males. The physiological significance of this response remains to be determined as no support for testosterone's role in acute regulation of food intake was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schwartz
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sascha Hunschede
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Russel John Scott Lacombe
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diptendu Chatterjee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diana Sánchez-Hernández
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruslan Kubant
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Paul Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jill K Hamilton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerald Harvey Anderson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Huang L, Ye Z, Lu J, Kong C, Zhu Q, Huang B, Wang Z, Xu L, Deng Q, Gong J, Liu P. Effects of fat distribution on lung function in young adults. J Physiol Anthropol 2019; 38:7. [PMID: 31234934 PMCID: PMC6591837 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-019-0198-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims To study the associations between fat distribution and lung functions in healthy subjects of young adults and to explore potential gender difference in these correlations. Methods A total of 2101 adult participants were recruited. Height, weight, and vital capacity index (VCI) were measured and recorded according to the national physical fitness test standard. Body compositions, including body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fat-free mass (FFM), trunk muscle mass (TMM), fat mass (FM), visceral fat area (VFA), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), were conducted using body composition analyzer. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software. Results We found that male participants showed significantly higher BMI, WHR, FFM, TMM, VFA, and VCI, but lower FM, BFP, and SAT in comparison with women. However, there was no significant difference in VAT between the male and female. Lung functions represented by VCI were negatively correlated with FM, VAT, SAT, and VFA for both men and women (r < 0; P < 0.05). Among these negative correlations, VCI was more inversely correlated with VFA for men but with SAT for women, respectively. After dividing the whole populations by BMI, BFP, and WHR, further correlation analysis showed VCI was still more negatively correlated with VFA for all male subgroups (r < 0; P < 0.05). On the contrary, VCI was more negatively correlated with SAT in BMI-underweight, BMI-normal, BFP-low fat, BFP-normal fat, WHR-normal, and WHR-obese subgroups (r < 0; P < 0.05), while VFA and VAT was more inversely correlated with VCI in BMI- and BFP-overweight+obese subgroups (r < 0; P < 0.05). Conclusions Fat accumulation is highly associated with the vital capacity index in young adults. In general, VCI was more negatively correlated with VFA for men but with SAT for women, respectively, in comparison with other tested indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqian Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Ziliang Ye
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Cunqing Kong
- Department of Anatomy, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Binbin Huang
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zerong Wang
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiongying Deng
- Department of Anatomy, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiangu Gong
- Department of Anatomy, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Langer RD, Matias CN, Borges JH, Cirolini VX, Páscoa MA, Guerra-Júnior G, Gonçalves EM. Accuracy of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Estimated Longitudinal Fat-Free Mass Changes in Male Army Cadets. Mil Med 2019; 183:e324-e331. [PMID: 29590470 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usx223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a practical and rapid method for making a longitudinal analysis of changes in body composition. However, most BIA validation studies have been performed in a clinical population and only at one moment, or point in time (cross-sectional study). The aim of this study is to investigate the accuracy of predictive equations based on BIA with regard to the changes in fat-free mass (FFM) in Brazilian male army cadets after 7 mo of military training. The values used were determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a reference method. Materials and Methods The study included 310 male Brazilian Army cadets (aged 17-24 yr). FFM was measured using eight general predictive BIA equations, with one equation specifically applied to this population sample, and the values were compared with results obtained using DXA. The student's t-test, adjusted coefficient of determination (R2), standard error of estimation (SEE), Lin's approach, and the Bland-Altman test were used to determine the accuracy of the predictive BIA equations used to estimate FFM in this population and between the two moments (pre- and post-moment). Results The FFM measured using the nine predictive BIA equations, and determined using DXA at the post-moment, showed a significant increase when compared with the pre-moment (p < 0.05). All nine predictive BIA equations were able to detect FFM changes in the army cadets between the two moments in a very similar way to the reference method (DXA). However, only the one BIA equation specific to this population showed no significant differences in the FFM estimation between DXA at pre- and post-moment of military routine. All predictive BIA equations showed large limits of agreement using the Bland-Altman approach. Conclusion The eight general predictive BIA equations used in this study were not found to be valid for analyzing the FFM changes in the Brazilian male army cadets, after a period of approximately 7 mo of military training. Although the BIA equation specific to this population is dependent on the amount of FFM, it appears to be a good alternative to DXA for assessing FFM in Brazilian male army cadets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel D Langer
- Laboratory of Growth and Development - Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Catarina N Matias
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry of Exercise, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Juliano H Borges
- Laboratory of Growth and Development - Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Vagner X Cirolini
- Laboratory of Growth and Development - Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mauro A Páscoa
- Laboratory of Growth and Development - Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gil Guerra-Júnior
- Laboratory of Growth and Development - Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ezequiel M Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Growth and Development - Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Decreased Bioelectrical Impedance Phase Angle in Hospitalized Children and Adolescents with Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes: A Case-Control Study. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7120516. [PMID: 30518100 PMCID: PMC6306918 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7120516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the body composition and nutritional status of hospitalized pediatric patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes by using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) with phase angle (PA) calculation. PA is considered to be a useful and very sensitive indicator of the nutritional and functional status, and it has not yet been evaluated in such a population. Sixty-three pediatric patients aged 4 to 18 years, with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes, were included in the study. The control group consisted of 63 healthy children and adolescents strictly matched by gender and age in a 1:1 case: control manner. In both groups, BIA with PA calculation was performed. Diabetic patients, in comparison to control subjects, had a highly significantly lower PA of 4.85 ± 0.86 vs. 5.62 ± 0.81, p < 0.001. They also demonstrated a lower percentage of body cell mass (BCM%), 46.89 ± 5.67% vs. 51.40 ± 4.19%, p < 0.001; a lower body cell mass index (BCMI), 6.57 ± 1.80% vs. 7.37 ± 1.72%, p = 0.004; and a lower percentage of muscle mass (MM%), 44.61 ± 6.58% vs. 49.40 ± 7.59%, p < 0.001, compared to non-diabetic controls. The significantly lower PA value in diabetic patients indicate their worse nutritional and functional status compared to healthy subjects. To assess the predictive and prognostic value of this finding in this population, further prospective studies involving larger sample of patients are required.
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Bioelectrical impedance analysis for body composition assessment: reflections on accuracy, clinical utility, and standardisation. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 73:194-199. [PMID: 30297760 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0335-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectrical impedance analysis is an extremely popular method for assessment of body composition. Despite its wide-spread use over the past thirty years, its accuracy and clinical value is still questioned. Most frequently, criticisms focus on its purported poor absolute accuracy and that different impedance analysers or prediction equations fail to measure body composition identically. This perspective review highlights that the magnitude of errors associated with impedance methods are not dissimilar to those observed for so-called gold standard methods. It is argued that the focus on statistically significant but small differences between methods can obscure operational equivalence and that such differences may be of minor clinical significance. Finally, the need for better standardization of protocols and the need for consensus on what is a minimal clinically important difference between methods is highlighted.
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Koury JC, Ribeiro MA, Massarani FA, Vieira F, Marini E. Fat-free mass in adolescent athletes: Accuracy of bioimpedance equations and identification of new predictive equations. Nutrition 2018; 60:59-65. [PMID: 30529187 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of biological maturity on body composition in Brazilian adolescent athletes, to verify the accuracy of previous bioimpedance predictive equations for estimating fat-free mass (FFM), and to develop new predictive equations, considering sexual and skeletal maturity. METHODS There were 318 Brazilian adolescent athletes (52% male) involved in this study. FFM was determined using single-frequency (50 kHz) bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), which was used as the reference method. The adolescents were classified into skeletally mature using bone age (both sexes), and sexually mature using menarche occurrence (female). The effect of maturity on bioelectrical values was tested using bioelectrical impedance vector analysis. Three predictive BIA equations to estimate FFM were selected from the reviewed literature. Lin's concordance correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman test were used to test the concordance and accuracy of BIA equations. Stepwise multiple regression was used to develop new predictive equations, considering BIA vectors, age, skeletal, and sexual maturity. RESULTS DXA and BIA results showed wide limits of disagreement for FFM for all the three equations. Two new equation models were developed, including age and skeletal maturity for both sexes and menarche status for females. Both models showed high R2 (males = 0.92 and females = 0.84). CONCLUSIONS The assessment of body composition in adolescent athletes should consider sexual (female) or skeletal (male) maturity. The newly proposed equations showed promising results in Brazilian adolescent athletes. A test in different groups and populations is necessary to evaluate the general suitability of the equations in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josely Correa Koury
- Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Nutrition Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Maria Almeida Ribeiro
- Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Nutrition Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabia Albernaz Massarani
- Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Nutrition Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Filomena Vieira
- Interdisciplinary Study of Human Performance Center, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Elisabetta Marini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Ndagire CT, Muyonga JH, Odur B, Nakimbugwe D. Prediction equations for body composition of children and adolescents aged 8-19 years in Uganda using deuterium dilution as the reference technique. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2018; 28:103-109. [PMID: 30390864 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Body composition is important as a marker of both current and future health status. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a simple and accurate method for estimating body composition in field, clinical and research settings, if standard protocol procedures are followed. However, BIA requires population-specific equations since applicability of existing equations to diverse populations has been questioned. This study aimed to derive predictive equations for Total Body Water (TBW), Fat Free Mass (FFM) and Fat Mass (FM) determinations with BIA and anthropometric measurements in a population of children and adolescents aged 8-19 years in Uganda. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 203 children and adolescents aged 8-19 years attending schools in Kampala district (also referred to as Kampala city since the city is conterminous with the district), Uganda through a two-stage cluster sample design. Deuterium dilution method (DDM) was used as the reference measure while BIA and anthropometric measures were used to create the new body composition prediction equations through multivariate regression. RESULTS The new prediction equations explained 88%, 87% and 71% of the variance in TBW, FFM % and of FM respectively with no statistical shrinkage upon cross-validation. The linear regression models proposed in this study were well adjusted with respect to TBW, FFM and FM. Log of TBW obtained by DDM = 0.0129 × Impedance index + 0.0055 × Age + 0.0049 Waist Circumference + 0.1219Ht2 + 2.0388. Log of FFM obtained by DDM = 0.0197 × FFM obtained by BIA - 0.0181 sex code - 0.00055 × Impedance + 3.1761. Log of FM obtained by DDM = 0.0634 × FM obtained by BIA - 0.1881 sex code + 0.0252 × Weight + 0.5273. CONCLUSION The use of these equations for more accurate body composition assessment may facilitate identification of effective intervention strategies to prevent or combat overweight and obesity among children and adolescents. They may also assist in treatment of conditions where more accurate information on body composition measures is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine T Ndagire
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - John H Muyonga
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Benard Odur
- Department of Statistical Methods and Actuarial Science, School of Statistics, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Dorothy Nakimbugwe
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
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Hunschede S, Schwartz A, Kubant R, Thomas SG, Anderson GH. The role of IL-6 in exercise-induced anorexia in normal-weight boys. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:979-987. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that interleukin-6 (IL-6) is associated with suppression of appetite after high-intensity exercise (HIEX), but an independent role in food intake (FI) was not defined. We hypothesized that IL-6 suppresses appetite and FI, independently of appetite hormones, after HIEX in normal-weight (NW) boys. We investigated the effect of HIEX, with and without the inflammation inhibitor ibuprofen (IBU), on IL-6, other biomarkers of inflammation and appetite, FI, and ratings of appetite in NW boys. Fifteen NW boys (aged 13–18 years) were randomly assigned in a crossover design to 4 sessions: (i) water and rest, (ii) IBU and rest, (iii) water and HIEX, and (iv) IBU and HIEX. HIEX consisted of three 10-min bouts of exercise at 75% of maximal oxygen uptake with 90 s of active rest between bouts. IBU (300 mg) was given as a liquid suspension. FI, ratings of appetite, and plasma biomarkers of appetite, inflammation, stress, and glucose control were measured. FI was not affected by HIEX or IBU. Appetite increased over time (p = 0.002) but was lower after HIEX (p < 0.001) and not affected by IBU. HIEX, but not IBU, resulted in higher levels of IL-6 (p < 0.001) and cortisol (p < 0.001) and lower active ghrelin (p < 0.001). IL-6 correlated with active ghrelin (r = 0.37; p = 0.036) and cortisol (r = 0.26; p = 0.049). An independent role for IL-6 in appetite suppression was not supported. However, IL-6 was correlated with active ghrelin and cortisol, thus potentially mediating appetite via these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Hunschede
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Alexander Schwartz
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Ruslan Kubant
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Scott G. Thomas
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2C9, Canada
| | - G. Harvey Anderson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2J7, Canada
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Strehlau R, Shiau S, Arpadi S, Patel F, Pinillos F, Tsai WY, Coovadia A, Abrams E, Kuhn L. Substituting Abacavir for Stavudine in Children Who Are Virally Suppressed Without Lipodystrophy: Randomized Clinical Trial in Johannesburg, South Africa. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2018; 7:e70-e77. [PMID: 29373687 PMCID: PMC6097575 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/pix110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Abacavir has replaced stavudine in antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens because it has largely been phased out as a result of toxicity concerns; this loss has reduced further the already-limited drug options for children. Few data regarding virologic and metabolic outcomes among children who undergo substitution of stavudine exist. We evaluated the effects of preemptive substitution of abacavir for stavudine in children initially without lipodystrophy and virally suppressed on a stavudine-containing regimen. METHODS At Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa, virally suppressed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children ≥36 months of age without lipodystrophy were randomly assigned to continue taking stavudine as part of their ART regimen (n = 106) or to have abacavir substituted for stavudine (n = 107). The children were followed for 56 weeks after randomization in the context of a larger trial of treatment options for ART-experienced children. RESULTS The mean age of the children was 4.3 years, and the mean duration of ART before random assignment was 3.5 years. No differences in virological outcomes, CD4 response, growth, or dyslipidemia were noted between the stavudine and abacavir groups. By 56 weeks, children in the abacavir group had less clinically detected lipodystrophy (4.7% vs 16%, respectively), a higher proportion of leg fat relative to total fat (0.243 vs 0.230, respectively; P = .006), and a lower trunk/leg-skinfold ratio (0.547 vs 0.569, respectively; P = .003) than the children in the stavudine group. CONCLUSION Substituting abacavir for stavudine did not compromise virological response to treatment and was associated with significantly less lipodystrophy. These results support recommendations that favor abacavir in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Strehlau
- Empilweni Services and Research Unit, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Stephanie Shiau
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University,ICAP, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
| | - Stephen Arpadi
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University,Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University,Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University,ICAP, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
| | - Faeezah Patel
- Empilweni Services and Research Unit, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Francoise Pinillos
- Empilweni Services and Research Unit, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Wei-Yann Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University
| | - Ashraf Coovadia
- Empilweni Services and Research Unit, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Elaine Abrams
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University,Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University,ICAP, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
| | - Louise Kuhn
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University,ICAP, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University,Correspondence: L. Kuhn, PhD, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, 630 W. 168th St, New York, NY, 10032 ()
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Gay JL, Monsma EV, Hein KD. Weight Management Behaviors Among Mexican American Youth: Cross-Sectional Variation by Timing of Growth and Maturation. Am J Health Promot 2017; 32:392-399. [PMID: 29214820 DOI: 10.1177/0890117116689160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the association between growth and maturation with weight management behaviors (WMBs) among Mexican American youth. DESIGN A cross-sectional design was used to measure timing of growth and maturation as well as WMBs. SAMPLE Students were recruited through physical education classes in south Texas schools. The sample included 623 participants (52.3% female; 49.8% with weight ≥85th percentile) in grades 4 through 12. Students in middle school were purposely oversampled to examine questions around timing of growth and maturation. MEASURES Growth was measured as maturity offset, an estimate of age at peak height velocity (PHV). Maturity offset is derived from chronological age, height, and sitting height measurements. Participants were classified as pre-PHV or post-PHV. Girls also were categorized as premenarche or early, average, or late maturing based on age at menarche. Weight was measured to calculate body mass index (BMI) percentile. Weight management behavior and timing of menarche were self-reported via a survey. ANALYSIS Descriptive characteristics were calculated for boys and girls separately. χ2 Tests of proportion were used to test WMB by BMI percentile. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the likelihood of engaging in WMB by maturity offset and, for girls, timing of menarche. RESULTS Students with weight ≥85th percentile were more likely to describe themselves as overweight and report trying to lose weight through exercise or calorie restriction ( P < .0001). A 1-year increase in maturity offset was associated with youth being 31% more likely to perceive themselves as overweight but less likely to report calorie restriction (odds ratio [OR] = 0.87). Average maturing girls were more likely than premenarcheal girls to exercise, restrict calories, or fast to lose weight (OR = 3.27, 2.11, and 3.27, respectively). CONCLUSION Mexican American youth are engaging in WMB, even when their weight status is <85th percentile. The appropriateness of weight management counseling may need to consider a child's stage of growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Gay
- 1 Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, College of Public Health, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Eva V Monsma
- 2 Department of Physical Education and Athletic Training, College of Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Katie Darby Hein
- 1 Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, College of Public Health, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Hunschede S, Kubant R, Akilen R, Thomas S, Anderson GH. Decreased Appetite after High-Intensity Exercise Correlates with Increased Plasma Interleukin-6 in Normal-Weight and Overweight/Obese Boys. Curr Dev Nutr 2017; 1:e000398. [PMID: 29955695 PMCID: PMC5998915 DOI: 10.3945/cdn.116.000398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: High-intensity exercise (HIEX) suppresses appetite in adults and is thought to be mediated by appetite-regulating hormones. However, the effects of HIEX-induced inflammatory and stress biomarkers on appetite control and body weight have not been reported in children or adults. Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the effects of acute HIEX at 70% peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) on postexercise appetite and selective biomarkers of inflammation, stress, and appetite regulatory hormones in normal-weight (NW) and in overweight/obese boys. Methods: NW (n = 11) and overweight/obese (n = 11) boys aged 10-18 y were randomly assigned in a crossover design to either rest or HIEX. Visual analog scale appetite ratings and plasma biomarkers of appetite, inflammation, stress, and glucose control were measured after HIEX or rest. Results: Appetite increased from baseline to 110 min (P < 0.001), but was lower after HIEX (P = 0.04), with no difference between body weight groups. HIEX also resulted in lower active ghrelin (P < 0.001) and increased interleukin-6 (IL-6; P < 0.001), tumor necrosis factor-α (P < 0.001), and cortisol (P < 0.001) concentrations, independent of body weight. It increased blood glucose (P = 0.002) and insulin (P = 0.028) concentrations in NW but not overweight and obese boys. Leptin, glucagon-like peptide 1, peptide tyrosine tyrosine, C-reactive protein, and cortisol were not affected by HIEX. An inverse correlation was found between IL-6 and appetite (r = -0.379; P = 0.012), but not any other biomarkers. Conclusions: HIEX resulted in reduced appetite that correlated with an increase in IL-6 in both NW and overweight/obese boys. However, although a role for IL-6 in the response can be suggested, the suppression of appetite was potentially mediated by the decrease in active ghrelin and/or increase in cortisol. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02619461.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Scott Thomas
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - G Harvey Anderson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, and
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Dowda M, Taverno Ross SE, McIver KL, Dishman RK, Pate RR. Physical Activity and Changes in Adiposity in the Transition from Elementary to Middle School. Child Obes 2017; 13:53-62. [PMID: 27929670 PMCID: PMC5278816 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2016.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the longitudinal associations of objectively measured physical activity, sedentary behavior, and diet quality with two measures of adiposity and a measure of weight status. METHODS A total of 658 children from 21 elementary schools (45.1% boys; 40% white, 33% black, 9% Hispanic, and 18% other race/ethnicity) were assessed at least twice in fifth, sixth, and/or seventh grade. Fat mass index (FMI), percent body fat (PBF), and BMI were calculated from body weight, standing and seated heights, and bioelectrical impedance (BIA) measured each year. RESULTS At follow-up, both FMI and PBF decreased among boys and increased among girls, while BMI increased in both boys and girls. After controlling for race/ethnicity, parent education, and maturity offset at baseline, growth curve analyses showed that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was significantly and negatively associated with FMI, PBF, and BMI for both boys and girls. After forming tertiles of fifth grade MVPA, least-square means for FMI, PBF, and BMI were examined by grade and gender. For both boys and girls, higher MVPA was associated with lower FMI, PBF, and BMI at all three grade levels. The relationships between sedentary behavior and diet quality and FMI, PBF, and BMI were not consistent for boys or girls. CONCLUSIONS As boys and girls transitioned from elementary to middle school, children who participated in higher levels of MVPA maintained more favorable levels of two indicators of adiposity and a measure of weight status. These findings support the need for interventions to help children meet current public health guidelines for physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsha Dowda
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | | | - Kerry L. McIver
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | | | - Russell R. Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
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Vien S, Luhovyy BL, Patel BP, Panahi S, El Khoury D, Mollard RC, Hamilton JK, Anderson GH. Pre- and within-meal effects of fluid dairy products on appetite, food intake, glycemia, and regulatory hormones in children. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 42:302-310. [PMID: 28177745 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The effect of beverages commonly consumed by children in-between or with meals on short-term food intake (FI) and glycemic control has received little attention. Therefore, 2 experiments were conducted in 9- to 14-year-old children following a randomized repeated-measures design. Experiment 1 (n = 32) compared the effects of water (control) and isocaloric (130 kcal) amounts of 2% milk, chocolate milk, yogurt drink, and fruit punch on subjective appetite and FI. Experiment 2 (n = 20) compared the effects of isocaloric (130 kcal) amounts of 2% milk and fruit punch on subjective appetite, FI, and glycemic and appetite hormone responses. One serving of the beverages was given as a pre-meal drink at baseline (0 min) and a second serving 60 min later with an ad libitum pizza meal. Meal FI in experiment 1 was lower by 14% and 10%, respectively, after chocolate milk and yogurt drink (p < 0.001), but not milk, compared with water. Cumulative energy intake (beverages plus meal) was higher after caloric beverages than water. In experiment 2, no differences occurred in pre-meal but post-meal glucose was 83% higher in overweight/obese than normal-weight children (p = 0.02). Milk led to higher pre-meal glucagon-like peptide-1 and post-meal peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) than fruit punch (p < 0.01) but insulin did not differ between treatments. In conclusion, dairy products consumed before and with a meal have more favourable effects on FI, appetite, and satiety hormones than a sugar-sweetened beverage, but all caloric beverages result in more cumulative calories than if water is the beverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Vien
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Bohdan L Luhovyy
- b Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada
| | - Barkha P Patel
- c Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Shirin Panahi
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Dalia El Khoury
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Rebecca C Mollard
- d Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3P 2N2, Canada
| | - Jill K Hamilton
- e Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - G Harvey Anderson
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
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Wong M, Shiau S, Yin MT, Strehlau R, Patel F, Coovadia A, Micklesfield LK, Kuhn L, Arpadi S. Decreased Vigorous Physical Activity in School-Aged Children with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Johannesburg, South Africa. J Pediatr 2016; 172:103-9. [PMID: 26922104 PMCID: PMC4846500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe physical activity in South African children with and without HIV. STUDY DESIGN Study measurements were obtained in 218 children with perinatal HIV and 180 children without HIV aged 5-9 years in a study conducted in Johannesburg, South Africa. Weight-for-age z-score, height-for-age z-score, frequency and duration of moderate and vigorous physical activity, and sedentary behaviors were obtained. These measurements were compared between children with and without HIV. RESULTS Weight-for-age z-score and height-for-age z-score were significantly lower for children with HIV compared with those without HIV. Among children who attended school, fewer children with HIV than children without HIV participated in physical education (41% vs 64%; P = .0003) and organized after-school sports (38% vs 64%; P < .001). The proportion of children in both groups meeting World Health Organization recommendations for physical activity was similar (84% overall); however, girls with HIV spent less time in vigorous physical activity than girls without HIV (420 vs 780 minutes/week; P = .001). This difference remained significant even when girls with a medical condition with the potential to limit physical activity were excluded, and after adjusting for age. Time spent in sedentary behaviors did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSION Although children with HIV with well-controlled disease after initiating antiretroviral therapy early in life achieve high levels of physical activity, vigorous physical activity is lower in girls with HIV than in healthy controls. This finding may reflect lower participation in school-based physical education and organized after-school physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Wong
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Renate Strehlau
- Empilweni Services and Research Unit, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Faeezah Patel
- Empilweni Services and Research Unit, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ashraf Coovadia
- Empilweni Services and Research Unit, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lisa K. Micklesfield
- MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Louise Kuhn
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Patel BP, Hamilton JK, Vien S, Thomas SG, Anderson GH. Pubertal status, pre-meal drink composition, and later meal timing interact in determining children's appetite and food intake. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:924-30. [PMID: 27507005 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Puberty is a period of development that alters energy intake patterns. However, few studies have examined appetite and food intake (FI) regulation during development of puberty in children and adolescents. Therefore, the objective was to measure the effect of pubertal status on FI and subjective appetite after pre-meal glucose and whey protein drinks in 9- to 14-year-old boys and girls. In a within-subject, randomized, repeated-measures design, children (21 pre-early pubertal, 15 mid-late pubertal) received equally sweetened drinks containing Sucralose (control), glucose, or whey protein (0.75 g/kg body weight) in 250 mL of water 2 h after a standardized breakfast on 6 separate mornings. Ad libitum FI was measured either 30 or 60 min later and appetite was measured over time. In pre-early and mid-late pubertal boys and girls there was no effect of sex on total FI (kcal). Glucose and whey protein drinks reduced calorie intake similarly at 30 min. But at 60 min, whey protein reduced FI (p < 0.001) compared with control and glucose in pre-early pubertal children, but not in mid-late pubertal children. However, sex was a factor (p = 0.041) when FI was expressed per kilogram body weight. Pubertal status did not affect FI/kilogram body weight in boys, but it was 32% lower in mid-late pubertal girls than at pre-early puberty (p = 0.010). Appetite was associated with FI in mid-late pubertal children only. In conclusion, pubertal development affects appetite and FI regulation in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barkha P Patel
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Jill K Hamilton
- b Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Shirley Vien
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Scott G Thomas
- c Department of Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2W6, Canada
| | - G Harvey Anderson
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
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Buckley JP, Engel SM, Mendez MA, Richardson DB, Daniels JL, Calafat AM, Wolff MS, Herring AH. Prenatal Phthalate Exposures and Childhood Fat Mass in a New York City Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:507-13. [PMID: 26308089 PMCID: PMC4829985 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1509788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental animal studies and limited epidemiologic evidence suggest that prenatal exposure to phthalates may be obesogenic, with potential sex-specific effects of phthalates having anti-androgenic activity. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess associations between prenatal phthalate exposures and childhood fat mass in a prospective cohort study. METHODS We measured phthalate metabolite concentrations in third-trimester maternal urine in a cohort of women enrolled in New York City between 1998 and 2002 (n = 404). Among 180 children (82 girls and 98 boys), we evaluated body composition using a Tanita scale at multiple follow-up visits between ages 4 and 9 years (363 total visits). We estimated associations of standard deviation differences or tertiles of natural log phthalate metabolite concentrations with percent fat mass using linear mixed-effects regression models with random intercepts for repeated outcome measurements. We assessed associations in multiple metabolite models and adjusted for covariates including prepregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and breastfeeding. RESULTS We did not observe associations between maternal urinary phthalate concentrations and percent body fat in models examining continuous exposures. Fat mass was 3.06% (95% CI: -5.99, -0.09%) lower among children in the highest tertile of maternal urinary concentrations of summed di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (ΣDEHP) metabolites than in children in the lowest tertile. Though estimates were imprecise, there was little evidence that associations between maternal urinary phthalate concentrations and percent fat mass were modified by child's sex. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal phthalate exposures were not associated with increased body fat among children 4-9 years of age, though high prenatal DEHP exposure may be associated with lower fat mass in childhood. CITATION Buckley JP, Engel SM, Mendez MA, Richardson DB, Daniels JL, Calafat AM, Wolff MS, Herring AH. 2016. Prenatal phthalate exposures and childhood fat mass in a New York City cohort. Environ Health Perspect 124:507-513; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1509788.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie P. Buckley
- Department of Epidemiology, and
- Address correspondence to J.P. Buckley, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Telephone: (919) 260-1950. E-mail:
| | | | - Michelle A. Mendez
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Antonia M. Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mary S. Wolff
- Department of Community and Preventative Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amy H. Herring
- Department of Biostatistics and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Langer RD, Borges JH, Pascoa MA, Cirolini VX, Guerra-Júnior G, Gonçalves EM. Validity of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis to Estimation Fat-Free Mass in the Army Cadets. Nutrients 2016; 8:121. [PMID: 26978397 PMCID: PMC4808851 DOI: 10.3390/nu8030121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) is a fast, practical, non-invasive, and frequently used method for fat-free mass (FFM) estimation. The aims of this study were to validate predictive equations of BIA to FFM estimation in Army cadets and to develop and validate a specific BIA equation for this population. Methods: A total of 396 males, Brazilian Army cadets, aged 17–24 years were included. The study used eight published predictive BIA equations, a specific equation in FFM estimation, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a reference method. Student’s t-test (for paired sample), linear regression analysis, and Bland–Altman method were used to test the validity of the BIA equations. Results: Predictive BIA equations showed significant differences in FFM compared to DXA (p < 0.05) and large limits of agreement by Bland–Altman. Predictive BIA equations explained 68% to 88% of FFM variance. Specific BIA equations showed no significant differences in FFM, compared to DXA values. Conclusion: Published BIA predictive equations showed poor accuracy in this sample. The specific BIA equations, developed in this study, demonstrated validity for this sample, although should be used with caution in samples with a large range of FFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel D Langer
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP 13083-887, Brazil.
| | - Juliano H Borges
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP 13083-887, Brazil.
| | - Mauro A Pascoa
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP 13083-887, Brazil.
| | - Vagner X Cirolini
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP 13083-887, Brazil.
| | - Gil Guerra-Júnior
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP 13083-887, Brazil.
| | - Ezequiel M Gonçalves
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP 13083-887, Brazil.
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Oldroyd B, Robinson M, Lindley E, Rhodes L, Hind K. Resonant cavity perturbation: a promising new method for the assessment of total body water in children. Physiol Meas 2015; 36:2503-17. [PMID: 26535491 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/36/12/2503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The accurate measurement of total body water (TBW) in children has important clinical and nutritional applications. Resonant cavity perturbation (RCP) is a new method for estimating TBW. This method measures the dielectric properties of the body which are related to body water. For RCP measurements, each subject lay supine on a bed inside a screened room which acts as a resonant cavity. A network analyser measures the frequencies of two low-order cavity resonances of the room, with electric-field vectors that were respectively vertical and horizontal, the resonant frequency shifts relative to the empty room are then derived. These frequency shifts correlates with TBW. The aims of this present study were to (a) develop TBW(RCP) predictive equations for children using TBWdil as the criterion method, (b) cross-validate the derived equations, (c) determine precision of the TBW(RCP) method, and (d) compare the criterion method TBWdil with three methods of estimating TBW: RCP, MFBIS and anthropometry.Predictive equations, independent of sex, were developed with linear regression in a group of 36 children. The relationship between combined RCP frequency shifts and TBWdilution had an r2 = 0.90 and standard error of the estimate (SEE) =1.42 kg. Multiple regression analysis, that included a term for body mass index, only had a small effect on r2 = 0.93 and SEE = 1.25 kg. In vivo TBW precision for the vertical, horizontal and combined frequency modes ranged from 0.7 to 3.4%. Bland-Altman analysis indicated close agreement between the criterion method TBWdil and the three other methods of TBW estimation. Mean differences were TBW(RCP(2)) = 0.01 ± /- 1.34 kg, TBW(MFBIS) = 0.45 ± /- 1.35 kg, TBWAnthropometry = 0.29 ± /- 1.29 kg.Currently the RCP method does not significantly improve the prediction of TBW compared to MFBIS and anthropometry in this initial study. However the derived equation was independent of sex and body size had only a small effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Oldroyd
- Carnegie Research Institute, Leeds Beckett University, Headingley Campus, Leeds, LS6 3QS, UK
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Sørensen K, Juul A. BMI percentile-for-age overestimates adiposity in early compared with late maturing pubertal children. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 173:227-35. [PMID: 25979736 DOI: 10.1530/eje-15-0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early pubertal timing is consistently associated with increased BMI percentile-for-age in pubertal girls, while data in boys are more ambiguous. However, higher BMI percentile-for-age may be a result of the earlier puberty per se rather than vice versa. The aim was to evaluate markers of adiposity in relation to pubertal timing and reproductive hormone levels in healthy pubertal boys and girls. STUDY DESIGN Population-based cross-sectional study (The Copenhagen Puberty Study). Eight-hundred and two healthy Caucasian children and adolescents (486 girls) aged 8.5-16.5 years participated. BMI and bioelectric impedance analyses (BIA) were used to estimate adiposity. Clinical pubertal markers (Tanner stages and testicular volume) were evaluated. LH, FSH, estradiol, testosterone, SHBG and IGF1 levels were determined by immunoassays. RESULTS In all age groups, higher BMI (all 1 year age-groups, P ≤ 0.041) was found with early compared with late maturation, despite similar BIA-estimated body fat percentage (BIA-BF%). Neither BMI nor BIA-BF% differed for a given stage of maturation. BMI percentile-for-age and prevalence of overweight/obesity were higher in the early compared with late matured pubertal children (all P ≤ 0.038), despite similar BIA-BF%. Pubertal girls with BIA-BF >29% had significantly lower LH and FSH levels compared with normal-weight girls (P ≤ 0.041). CONCLUSIONS Early maturational timing was not associated with higher adiposity for a given stage of puberty. Using BMI percentile-for-age overestimated the degree of adiposity in early pubertal compared with late pubertal children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaspar Sørensen
- Department of Growth and ReproductionGR-5064, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and ReproductionGR-5064, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Brinksma A, Roodbol PF, Sulkers E, de Bont ES, Burgerhof JG, Tamminga RY, Jager-Wittenaar H, Tissing WJ. Finding the right balance: An evaluation of the adequacy of energy and protein intake in childhood cancer patients. Clin Nutr 2015; 34:284-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Brinksma A, Roodbol PF, Sulkers E, Kamps WA, de Bont ES, Boot AM, Burgerhof JG, Tamminga RY, Tissing WJ. Changes in nutritional status in childhood cancer patients: A prospective cohort study. Clin Nutr 2015; 34:66-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Elliott SA, Davidson ZE, Davies PSW, Truby H. A bedside measure of body composition in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Pediatr Neurol 2015; 52:82-7. [PMID: 25301226 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In clinical practice, monitoring body composition is a critical component of nutritional assessment and weight management in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of a simple bedside measurement tool for body composition, namely bioelectrical impedance analysis, in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. METHODS Measures of fat-free mass were determined using a bioelectrical impedance analysis machine and compared against estimations obtained from a reference body composition model. Additionally, the use of raw impedance values was analyzed using three existing predictive equations for the estimation of fat-free mass. Accuracy of bioelectrical impedance analysis was assessed by comparison against the reference model by calculation of biases and limits of agreement. RESULTS Body composition was measured in 10 boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, mean age 9.01 ± 2.34 years. The bioelectrical impedance analysis machine values of fat-free mass were on average 2.3 ± 14.1 kg higher than reference values. Limits of agreement (based on 95% confidence interval of the mean) were -7.4 to 2.9 kg. There was a significant correlation between the mean fat-free mass and difference in fat-free mass between the bioelectrical impedance analysis machine and the reference model (r = -0.86; P = 0.02) suggesting that the bias was not consistent across the range of measurements. The most accurate predictive equation for the estimation of fat-free mass using raw impedance values was the equation by Pietrobelli et al. (mean difference, -0.7 kg; 95% limits of agreement, -3.5 to 2.0 kg). CONCLUSIONS In a clinical setting, where a rapid assessment of body composition is advantageous, the use of raw impedance values, combined with the equation by Pietrobelli et al., is recommended for the accurate estimation of fat-free mass, in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Elliott
- Children's Nutrition Research Centre, Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zoe E Davidson
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter S W Davies
- Children's Nutrition Research Centre, Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helen Truby
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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Zhang HL, Fu Q, Li WH, Liu SW, Zhong H, Duoji BM, Zhang MZ, Lv P, Xi HJ. Gender differences and age-related changes in body fat mass in Tibetan children and teenagers: an analysis by the bioelectrical impedance method. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2015; 28:87-92. [PMID: 25153215 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2013-0503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to obtain the fat base value and the fat distribution characteristics of Tibetan children and teenagers by estimating their body fat content with the bioelectrical impedance method. METHODS We recruited 1427 healthy children and teenagers by a stratified cluster sampling method. By using bioelectrical impedance analysis, we obtained various values relevant to fat. RESULTS We found that total body fat mass and the fat mass of various body parts increased with age in boys and girls. Yet there were no differences between age groups until 11 years. However, fat mass increased quickly between 11 and 18 years, and significant differences were seen between adolescent boys and girls; all fat indices were higher in girls than in boys (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The characteristics of fat in Tibetan children and teenagers in Tibet is related to age and gender related hormone secretion, which reflects the physiological characteristics in different developmental stages.
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Ethnic variability in body size, proportions and composition in children aged 5 to 11 years: is ethnic-specific calibration of bioelectrical impedance required? PLoS One 2014; 9:e113883. [PMID: 25478928 PMCID: PMC4257615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) has the potential to be used widely as a method of assessing body fatness and composition, both in clinical and community settings. BIA provides bioelectrical properties, such as whole-body impedance which ideally needs to be calibrated against a gold-standard method in order to provide accurate estimates of fat-free mass. UK studies in older children and adolescents have shown that, when used in multi-ethnic populations, calibration equations need to include ethnic-specific terms, but whether this holds true for younger children remains to be elucidated. The aims of this study were to examine ethnic differences in body size, proportions and composition in children aged 5 to 11 years, and to establish the extent to which such differences could influence BIA calibration. Methods In a multi-ethnic population of 2171 London primary school-children (47% boys; 34% White, 29% Black African/Caribbean, 25% South Asian, 12% Other) detailed anthropometric measurements were performed and ethnic differences in body size and proportion were assessed. Ethnic differences in fat-free mass, derived by deuterium dilution, were further evaluated in a subsample of the population (n = 698). Multiple linear regression models were used to calibrate BIA against deuterium dilution. Results In children <11 years of age, Black African/Caribbean children were significantly taller, heavier and had larger body size than children of other ethnicities. They also had larger waist and limb girths and relatively longer legs. Despite these differences, ethnic-specific terms did not contribute significantly to the BIA calibration equation (Fat-free mass = 1.12+0.71*(height2/impedance)+0.18*weight). Conclusion Although clear ethnic differences in body size, proportions and composition were evident in this population of young children aged 5 to 11 years, an ethnic-specific BIA calibration equation was not required.
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Three-year follow-up of 3-year-old to 5-year-old children after participation in a multidisciplinary or a usual-care obesity treatment program. Clin Nutr 2014; 33:1095-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wang L, Hui SSC, Wong SHS. Validity of bioelectrical impedance measurement in predicting fat-free mass of Chinese children and adolescents. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:2298-310. [PMID: 25398209 PMCID: PMC4245105 DOI: 10.12659/msm.890696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The current study aimed to examine the validity of various published bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) equations in estimating FFM among Chinese children and adolescents and to develop BIA equations for the estimation of fat-free mass (FFM) appropriate for Chinese children and adolescents. Material/Methods A total of 255 healthy Chinese children and adolescents aged 9 to 19 years old (127 males and 128 females) from Tianjin, China, participated in the BIA measurement at 50 kHz between the hand and the foot. The criterion measure of FFM was also employed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). FFM estimated from 24 published BIA equations was cross-validated against the criterion measure from DEXA. Multiple linear regression was conducted to examine alternative BIA equation for the studied population. Results FFM estimated from the 24 published BIA equations yielded high correlations with the directly measured FFM from DEXA. However, none of the 24 equations was statistically equivalent with the DEXA-measured FFM. Using multiple linear regression and cross-validation against DEXA measurement, an alternative prediction equation was determined as follows: FFM (kg)=1.613+0.742×height (cm)2/impedance (Ω)+0.151×body weight (kg); R2=0.95; SEE=2.45kg; CV=6.5, 93.7% of the residuals of all the participants fell within the 95% limits of agreement. Conclusions BIA was highly correlated with FFM in Chinese children and adolescents. When the new developed BIA equations are applied, BIA can provide a practical and valid measurement of body composition in Chinese children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Stanley Sai-chuen Hui
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Stephen Heung-sang Wong
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Anderson GH, Khodabandeh S, Patel B, Luhovyy BL, Bellissimo N, Mollard RC. Mealtime exposure to food advertisements while watching television increases food intake in overweight and obese girls but has a paradoxical effect in boys. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2014; 40:162-7. [PMID: 25610952 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Food advertisements (ads) in TV programs influence food choice and have been associated with higher energy intake from snacks in children; however, their effects at mealtime have not been reported. Therefore, we measured energy intake at a pizza meal consumed by normal weight (NW) and overweight/obese (OW/OB) children (aged 9-14 years) while they watched a TV program with or without food ads and following pre-meal consumption of a sweetened beverage with or without calories. NW and OW/OB boys (experiment 1, n = 27) and girls (experiment 2, n = 23) were randomly assigned to consume equally sweetened drinks containing glucose (1.0 g/kg body weight) or sucralose (control). Food intake was measured 30 min later while children watched a program containing food or nonfood ads. Appetite was measured before (0-30 min) and after (60 min) the meal. Both boys and girls reduced energy intake at the meal in compensation for energy in the glucose beverage (p < 0.05). Food ads resulted in further compensation (51%) in boys but not in girls. Food ads increased energy intake at the meal (9%; p = 0.03) in OW/OB girls only. In conclusion, the effects of TV programs with food ads on mealtime energy intake and response to pre-meal energy consumption in children differ by sex and body mass index.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Harvey Anderson
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
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Patel BP, Anderson GH, Vien S, Bellissimo N, McCrindle BW, Hamilton JK. Obesity, sex and pubertal status affect appetite hormone responses to a mixed glucose and whey protein drink in adolescents. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 81:63-70. [PMID: 24400946 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Little information is available on how food intake regulatory hormones may be altered during pubertal development and across the weight spectrum in adolescents. Therefore, the effect of obesity, sex and pubertal status on subjective appetite and appetite hormones in response to a mixed glucose and whey protein drink was determined in 8-18 year old adolescents. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional cohort study was conducted at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto. After a 12 h fast, normal weight (n = 5 female, 4 male) and obese (n = 5 female, 4 male) adolescents (Experiment 1), and pre-early pubertal (n = 10) and mid-late pubertal (n = 10) obese male adolescents (Experiment 2) consumed a 250 ml glucose (30 g) and whey protein (30 g) beverage. Insulin, PYY, ghrelin and subjective appetite were measured over 120 min. RESULTS Obese adolescents (Experiment 1) have higher insulin, PYY and lower ghrelin (P < 0·006) than normal weight controls, with a more pronounced effect in males (P < 0·037). Puberty (Experiment 2) did not affect insulin (P = 0·305), but the change in PYY in response to the drink was greater (P = 0·032) and ghrelin was lower (P = 0·026) in mid-late pubertal than pre-early pubertal obese males. Average appetite 60 min post-drink was higher in obese and mid-late pubertal adolescents, but not related to hormone changes. CONCLUSIONS Obesity, sex and pubertal status affect macronutrient-stimulated appetite hormone secretion and these factors may alter food intake in obese children during pubertal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barkha P Patel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Sijtsma A, Bocca G, L'Abée C, Liem ET, Sauer PJ, Corpeleijn E. Waist-to-height ratio, waist circumference and BMI as indicators of percentage fat mass and cardiometabolic risk factors in children aged 3–7 years. Clin Nutr 2014; 33:311-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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