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Cherednichenko O, Pilyugina A, Nuraliev S, Azizbekova D. Persons chronically exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation: A cytogenetic dosimetry study. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2024; 894:503728. [PMID: 38432778 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The dosimetry and control of exposure for individuals chronically exposed to ionizing radiation are important and complex issues. Assessment may be optimized by evaluating individual adaptation and radiosensitivity, but it is not possible for a single model to account for all relevant parameters. Our goal was to develop approaches for the calculation of doses for persons chronically exposed to ionizing radiation, taking their radiosensitivities into consideration. On the basis of ex vivo radiation of blood samples, dose-effect models were constructed for dose ranges 0.01-2.0 and 0.01-0.4 Gy, using different cytogenetic criteria. The frequencies of "dicentric chromosomes and rings" at low doses are too low to have predictive value. The different responses of subjects to radiation made it possible to categorize them according to their radiosensitivities and to generate separate dose-effect curves for radiosensitive, average, and radioresistant individuals, reducing the amount of error in retrospective dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Cherednichenko
- Laboratory of Genetic Monitoring, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan.
| | - Anastassiya Pilyugina
- Laboratory of Genetic Monitoring, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Serikbai Nuraliev
- Laboratory of Genetic Monitoring, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Dinara Azizbekova
- Laboratory of Genetic Monitoring, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom L(R, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Barregård L, Benford D, Broberg K, Dogliotti E, Fletcher T, Rylander L, Abrahantes JC, Gómez Ruiz JÁ, Steinkellner H, Tauriainen T, Schwerdtle T. Update of the risk assessment of inorganic arsenic in food. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8488. [PMID: 38239496 PMCID: PMC10794945 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2009 risk assessment on arsenic in food carrying out a hazard assessment of inorganic arsenic (iAs) and using the revised exposure assessment issued by EFSA in 2021. Epidemiological studies show that the chronic intake of iAs via diet and/or drinking water is associated with increased risk of several adverse outcomes including cancers of the skin, bladder and lung. The CONTAM Panel used the benchmark dose lower confidence limit based on a benchmark response (BMR) of 5% (relative increase of the background incidence after adjustment for confounders, BMDL05) of 0.06 μg iAs/kg bw per day obtained from a study on skin cancer as a Reference Point (RP). Inorganic As is a genotoxic carcinogen with additional epigenetic effects and the CONTAM Panel applied a margin of exposure (MOE) approach for the risk characterisation. In adults, the MOEs are low (range between 2 and 0.4 for mean consumers and between 0.9 and 0.2 at the 95th percentile exposure, respectively) and as such raise a health concern despite the uncertainties.
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Landskroner EA, Tsai CSJ. Occupational exposures and cancer risk in commercial laundry and dry cleaning industries: a scoping review. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2561. [PMID: 38129859 PMCID: PMC10740271 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The laundry and dry cleaning industries are critical for maintaining cleanliness and hygiene in our daily lives. However, they have also been identified as sources of hazardous chemical exposure for workers, leading to potentially severe health implications. Despite mounting evidence that solvents like perchloroethylene and trichloroethylene are carcinogenic, they remain commonly used in the industry. Additionally, while alternative solvents are increasingly being utilized in response to indications of adverse health and environmental effects, there remains a significant gap in our understanding of the potential risks associated with exposure to these new agents. METHODS This study aims to identify gaps in the literature concerning worker exposure to contemporary toxic chemicals in the laundry and dry cleaning industry and their associated carcinogenic risks. A scoping review of peer-reviewed publications from 2012 to 2022 was conducted to achieve this objective, focusing on studies that detailed chemical exposures, sampling methods, and workers within the laundry and dry cleaning sector. RESULTS In this scoping review, 12 relevant papers were assessed. A majority (66%) examined perchloroethylene exposure, with one notable finding revealing that biomarkers from dry cleaners had significant micronuclei frequency and DNA damage, even when exposed to PCE at levels below occupational exposure limits. Similarly, another study supported these results, finding an increase in early DNA damage among exposed workers. Separate studies on TCE and benzene presented varied exposure levels and health risks, raising concern due to their IARC Group 1 carcinogen classification. Information on alternative solvents was limited, highlighting gaps in health outcome data, exposure guidelines, and carcinogenic classifications. CONCLUSION Research on health outcomes, specifically carcinogenicity from solvent exposure in dry cleaning, is limited, with 66% of studies not monitoring health implications, particularly for emerging solvents. Further, findings indicated potential DNA damage from perchloroethylene, even below set occupational limits, emphasizing the need to reevaluate safety limits. As alternative solvents like butylal and high-flashpoint hydrocarbons become more prevalent, investigations into the effects of their exposure are necessary to safeguard workers' health. This scoping review is registered with the Open Science Framework, registration DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/Q8FR3 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ann Landskroner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, 650 Charles E. Young Drive S., MC 177220, 90095-1735, 90095-1735, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Candace Su-Jung Tsai
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, 650 Charles E. Young Drive S., MC 177220, 90095-1735, 90095-1735, Los Angeles, California, United States.
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Kiranatlioglu-Firat F, Demir H, Cuce I, Altın-Celik P, Eciroglu H, Bayram F, Donmez-Altuntas H. Increased oxidative and chromosomal DNA damage in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: its role in pathogenesis. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:1721-1728. [PMID: 36441439 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Increased DNA damage has been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, but controlled studies are lacking in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Therefore, we assessed oxidative stress, oxidative DNA damage, chromosomal DNA damage, cell proliferation and cell death in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with AS as well as the possible role of DNA damage in the development of the disease. In total, 25 newly diagnosed AS patients who had not received anti-inflammatory agents and 25 healthy controls were recruited. Oxidative DNA damage was assessed by plasma 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels, and chromosomal DNA damage was assessed by the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-cyt) method. Compared to controls, the micronucleus (MN) frequencies, nucleoplasmic bridge (NPB) frequencies, nuclear bud (NBUD) frequencies, apoptotic cell frequencies, necrotic cell frequencies and plasma 8-OHdG levels were significantly higher in patients with AS (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively), and the metaphase cell numbers, binucleated (BN) cell frequencies and nuclear division index (NDI) values were significantly lower in patients with AS (p < 0.01, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Thus, the present findings suggested that oxidative stress, oxidative DNA damage, and chromosomal DNA damage may be involved in the pathogenesis of AS similar to other chronic inflammatory diseases. In addition, the increased plasma 8-OHdG levels, MN frequencies, NPB frequencies and NBUD frequencies in AS patients may reflect an increased cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huseyin Demir
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Palace Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Isa Cuce
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Pinar Altın-Celik
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38030, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hamiyet Eciroglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38030, Kayseri, Turkey
- Vocational School of Health Services, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Fahri Bayram
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hamiyet Donmez-Altuntas
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38030, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Chappell LJ, Rahill KM, Elgart SR. Of Men and Mice: Using Terrestrial Radiation Epidemiology Methods to Inform Analysis of Animal Models for Space Radiation Risk Assessment. Radiat Res 2023; 200:116-126. [PMID: 37212725 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00176.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Prediction of cancer risk from space radiation exposure is critical to ensure spaceflight crewmembers are adequately informed of the risks they face when accepting assignments to ambitious long-duration exploratory missions. Although epidemiological studies have assessed the effects of exposure to terrestrial radiation, no robust epidemiological studies of humans exposed to space radiation exist to support estimates of the risk from space radiation exposure. Mouse data derived from recent irradiation experiments provides valuable information to successfully develop mouse-based excess risks models for assessing relative biological effectiveness for heavy ions that can provide information to scale unique space radiation exposures so that excess risks estimated for terrestrial radiation can be adjusted for space radiation risk assessment. Bayesian analyses were used to simulate linear slopes for excess risk models with several different effect modifiers for attained age and sex. Relative biological effectiveness values for all-solid cancer mortality were calculated from the ratio of the heavy-ion linear slope to the gamma linear slope using the full posterior distribution and resulted in values that were substantially lower than what is currently applied in risk assessment. These analyses provide an opportunity to improve characterization of parameters used in the current NASA Space Cancer Risk (NSCR) model and generate new hypotheses for future animal experiments using out-bred mouse populations.
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Zahnreich S, Yusifli K, Poplawski A, Eckhard LS, Mirsch J, Hankeln T, Galetzka D, Marron M, Scholz-Kreisel P, Spix C, Schmidberger H. Replication stress drives chromosomal instability in fibroblasts of childhood cancer survivors with second primary neoplasms. DNA Repair (Amst) 2023; 122:103435. [PMID: 36549044 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
New development and optimization of oncologic strategies are steadily increasing the number of long-term cancer survivors being at risk of developing second primary neoplasms (SPNs) as a late consequence of genotoxic cancer therapies with the highest risk among former childhood cancer patients. Since risk factors and predictive biomarkers for therapy-associated SPN remain unknown, we examined the sensitivity to mild replication stress as a driver of genomic instability and carcinogenesis in fibroblasts from 23 long-term survivors of a pediatric first primary neoplasm (FPN), 22 patients with the same FPN and a subsequent SPN, and 22 controls with no neoplasm (NN) using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. Mild replication stress was induced with the DNA-polymerase inhibitor aphidicolin (APH). Fibroblasts from patients with the DNA repair deficiency syndromes Bloom, Seckel, and Fanconi anemia served as positive controls and for validation of the CBMN assay supplemented by analysis of chromosomal aberrations, DNA repair foci (γH2AX/53BP1), and cell cycle regulation. APH treatment resulted in G2/M arrest and underestimation of cytogenetic damage beyond G2, which could be overcome by inhibition of Chk1. Basal micronuclei were significantly increased in DNA repair deficiency syndromes but comparable between NN, FPN, and SPN donors. After APH-induced replication stress, the average yield of micronuclei was significantly elevated in SPN donors compared to FPN (p = 0.013) as well as NN (p = 0.03) donors but substantially lower than for DNA repair deficiency syndromes. Our findings suggest that mild impairment of the response to replication stress induced by genotoxic impacts of DNA-damaging cancer therapies promotes genomic instability in a subset of long-term cancer survivors and may drive the development of an SPN. Our study provides a basis for detailed mechanistic studies as well as predictive bioassays for clinical surveillance, to identify cancer patients at high risk for SPNs at first diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Zahnreich
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany.
| | - Kamran Yusifli
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Alicia Poplawski
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Lukas Stefan Eckhard
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Johanna Mirsch
- Radiation Biology and DNA Repair, Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thomas Hankeln
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Molecular Genetics and Genome Analysis, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Danuta Galetzka
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Manuela Marron
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Germany
| | - Peter Scholz-Kreisel
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Munich (Neuherberg), Germany
| | - Claudia Spix
- German Childhood Cancer Registry, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Heinz Schmidberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
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Ramos RL, Carante MP, Ferrari A, Sala P, Vercesi V, Ballarini F. A Mission to Mars: Prediction of GCR Doses and Comparison with Astronaut Dose Limits. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032328. [PMID: 36768652 PMCID: PMC9916691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term human space missions such as a future journey to Mars could be characterized by several hazards, among which radiation is one the highest-priority problems for astronaut health. In this work, exploiting a pre-existing interface between the BIANCA biophysical model and the FLUKA Monte Carlo transport code, a study was performed to calculate astronaut absorbed doses and equivalent doses following GCR exposure under different shielding conditions. More specifically, the interface with BIANCA allowed us to calculate both the RBE for cell survival, which is related to non-cancer effects, and that for chromosome aberrations, related to the induction of stochastic effects, including cancer. The results were then compared with cancer and non-cancer astronaut dose limits. Concerning the stochastic effects, the equivalent doses calculated by multiplying the absorbed dose by the RBE for chromosome aberrations ("high-dose method") were similar to those calculated using the Q-values recommended by ICRP. For a 650-day mission at solar minimum (representative of a possible Mars mission scenario), the obtained values are always lower than the career limit recommended by ICRP (1 Sv), but higher than the limit of 600 mSv recently adopted by NASA. The comparison with the JAXA limits is more complex, since they are age and sex dependent. Concerning the deterministic limits, even for a 650-day mission at solar minimum, the values obtained by multiplying the absorbed dose by the RBE for cell survival are largely below the limits established by the various space agencies. Following this work, BIANCA, interfaced with an MC transport code such as FLUKA, can now predict RBE values for cell death and chromosome aberrations following GCR exposure. More generally, both at solar minimum and at solar maximum, shielding of 10 g/cm2 Al seems to be a better choice than 20 g/cm2 for astronaut protection against GCR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario P. Carante
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Physics Department, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alfredo Ferrari
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Paola Sala
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Ballarini
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Physics Department, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence:
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8
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Marín D, Orozco LY, Narváez DM, Ortiz-Trujillo IC, Molina FJ, Ramos CD, Rodriguez-Villamizar L, Bangdiwala SI, Morales O, Cuellar M, Hernández LJ, Henao EA, Lopera V, Corredor A, Toro MV, Groot H, Villamil-Osorio M, Muñoz DA, Hincapié RC, Amaya F, Oviedo AI, López L, Morales-Betancourt R, Marín-Ochoa BE, Sánchez-García OE, Marín JS, Abad JM, Toro JC, Pinzón E, Builes JJ, Rueda ZV. Characterization of the external exposome and its contribution to the clinical respiratory and early biological effects in children: The PROMESA cohort study protocol. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278836. [PMID: 36662732 PMCID: PMC9858469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution contains a mixture of different pollutants from multiple sources. However, the interaction of these pollutants with other environmental exposures, as well as their harmful effects on children under five in tropical countries, is not well known. OBJECTIVE This study aims to characterize the external exposome (ambient and indoor exposures) and its contribution to clinical respiratory and early biological effects in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cohort study will be conducted on children under five (n = 500) with a one-year follow-up. Enrolled children will be followed monthly (phone call) and at months 6 and 12 (in person) post-enrolment with upper and lower Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) examinations, asthma development, asthma control, and genotoxic damage. The asthma diagnosis will be pediatric pulmonologist-based and a standardized protocol will be used. Exposure, effect, and susceptibility biomarkers will be measured on buccal cells samples. For environmental exposures PM2.5 will be sampled, and questionnaires, geographic information, dispersion models and Land Use Regression models for PM2.5 and NO2 will be used. Different statistical methods that include Bayesian and machine learning techniques will be used for the ambient and indoor exposures-and outcomes. This study was approved by the ethics committee at Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. EXPECTED STUDY OUTCOMES/FINDINGS To estimate i) The toxic effect of particulate matter transcending the approach based on pollutant concentration levels; ii) The risk of developing an upper and lower ARI, based on different exposure windows; iii) A baseline of early biological damage in children under five, and describe its progression after a one-year follow-up; and iv) How physical and chemical PM2.5 characteristics influence toxicity and children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Marín
- School of Medicine, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Luz Yaneth Orozco
- School of Medicine, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
- School of Engineering, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | | - Laura Rodriguez-Villamizar
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Shrikant I. Bangdiwala
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Statistics Department, Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Olga Morales
- School of Medicine, Pediaciencias Group, Universidad de Antioquia, Noel Clinic, Medellín, Colombia
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital San Vicente Fundación, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Martha Cuellar
- School of Medicine, Pediaciencias Group, Universidad de Antioquia, Noel Clinic, Medellín, Colombia
- Department of Pediatrics, SOMER Clinic, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | | | - Verónica Lopera
- Secretaría de Salud, Alcaldía de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Andrea Corredor
- Department of Pediatrics, ONIROS Centro Especializado en Medicina Integral del Sueño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María Victoria Toro
- School of Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Helena Groot
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Milena Villamil-Osorio
- Department of Pediatrics, Fundación Hospital Pediátrico la Misericordia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Ferney Amaya
- School of Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ana Isabel Oviedo
- School of Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Lucelly López
- School of Medicine, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Beatriz Elena Marín-Ochoa
- School of Social Communications and Journalism, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | | - Eliana Pinzón
- Secretaria distrital de Salud, Alcaldia de Bogota, Bogota, Colombia
| | | | - Zulma Vanessa Rueda
- School of Medicine, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Sakai Y, Hida T, Matsuura Y, Kamitani T, Onizuka Y, Shirasaka T, Kato T, Ishigami K. Impact of a new deep-learning-based reconstruction algorithm on image quality in ultra-high-resolution CT: clinical observational and phantom studies. Br J Radiol 2023; 96:20220731. [PMID: 36318483 PMCID: PMC10997025 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20220731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To demonstrate the effect of an improved deep learning-based reconstruction (DLR) algorithm on Ultra-High-Resolution Computed Tomography (U-HRCT) scanners. METHODS Clinical and phantom studies were conducted. Thirty patients who underwent contrast-enhanced CT examination during the follow-up period were enrolled. Images were reconstructed using improved DLR [termed, New DLR, i.e., Advanced Intelligent Clear-IQ Engine (AiCE) Body Sharp] and conventional DLR (Conv DLR, AiCE Body) algorithms. Two radiologists assessed the overall image quality using a 5-point scale (5 = excellent; 1 = unacceptable). The noise power spectra (NPSs) were calculated to assess the frequency characteristics of the image noise, and the square root of area under the curve (√AUC NPS) between 0.05 and 0.50 cycle/mm was calculated as an indicator of the image noise. Dunnett's test was used for statistical analysis of the visual evaluation score, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. RESULTS The overall image quality of New DLR was better than that of the Conv DLR (4.2 ± 0.4 and 3.3 ± 0.4, respectively; p < 0.0001). All New DLR images had an overall image quality score above the average or excellent. The √AUCNPS value of New DLR was lower than that of Conv DLR (13.8 and 14.2, respectively). The median values of reconstruction time required with New DLR and Conv DLR were 5.0 and 7.8 min, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The new DLR algorithm improved the image quality within a practical reconstruction time. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE The new DLR enables us to choose whether to improve image quality or reduce the dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sakai
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology,
Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku,
Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Hida
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical
Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku,
Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuko Matsuura
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical
Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku,
Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kamitani
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical
Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku,
Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Onizuka
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology,
Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku,
Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Shirasaka
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology,
Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku,
Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toyoyuki Kato
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology,
Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku,
Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kousei Ishigami
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical
Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku,
Fukuoka, Japan
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Zhu LR, Zheng W, Gao Q, Chen T, Pan ZB, Cui W, Cai M, Fang H. Epigenetics and genetics of hepatoblastoma: Linkage and treatment. Front Genet 2022; 13:1070971. [DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1070971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma is a malignant embryonal tumor with multiple differentiation modes and is the clearest liver malignancy in children. However, little is known about genetic and epigenetic events in Hepatoblastoma. Increased research has recently demonstrated, unique genetic and epigenetic events in Hepatoblastoma, providing insights into its origin and precise treatment. Some genetic disorders and congenital factors are associated with the risk of Hepatoblastoma development, such as the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Familial Adenomatous polyposis, and Hemihypertrophy. Epigenetic modifications such as DNA modifications, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA regulation are also essential in the development of Hepatoblastoma. Herein, we reviewed genetic and epigenetic events in Hepatoblastoma, focusing on the relationship between these events and cancer susceptibility, tumor growth, and prognosis. By deciphering the genetic and epigenetic associations in Hepatoblastoma, tumor pathogenesis can be clarified, and guide the development of new anti-cancer drugs and prevention strategies.
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Cytogenetic Effects in Patients after Computed Tomography Examination. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12121983. [PMID: 36556348 PMCID: PMC9784585 DOI: 10.3390/life12121983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Millions of people around the world are exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation from diagnostic computed tomography (CT) scans. Currently available data on the potential cancer risk after CT scans are contradictory and therefore demand further investigations. The aim of the current study was to obtain estimations of genome damage after CT scans in 42 non-cancer patients and to conduct a comparison of the results with 22 control subjects. The frequency of dicentric ring chromosomes and chromosome breaks was significantly increased in irradiated patients compared to the controls. The distribution of dicentrics among the cells demonstrated non-Poisson distribution that reflected non-uniform and partial-body radiation exposure. A fraction of patients followed Poisson distribution, which is typical for uniform whole-body exposures. Some patients demonstrated a level of dicentrics similar to the control subjects. The individual variations in the frequency and dicentric distribution suggested complex mechanisms of chromosome aberration induction and elimination that could be associated with individual radiosensitivity, as well as previous diagnostics that used ionizing radiation or the redistribution of small fractions of irradiated lymphocytes within the circulatory pull. In conclusion, CT scans may cause genome damage and possible increases in cancer risk. The introduction of a specific follow-up of such patients, especially in the case of repeated CT scans, is suggested.
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Katsube T, Wang B, Tanaka K, Ninomiya Y, Hirakawa H, Liu C, Maruyama K, Vares G, Liu Q, Murakami M, Nakajima T, Fujimori A, Nenoi M. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of chromosomal aberrations in mouse splenocytes at one- and two-months after total body exposure to iron-56 (Fe) ion particles or X-rays. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 882:503548. [PMID: 36155141 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High atomic number and energy (HZE) particles such as iron-56 (Fe) ions are a major contributor to health risks in long-term manned space exploration. The aim of this study is to understand radiation-induced differential genotoxic effects between HZE particles and low linear energy transfer (LET) photons. C57BL/6J Jms female mice of 8 weeks old were exposed to total body irradiation of accelerated Fe-particles with a dose ranging from 0.1 to 3.0 Gy or of X-rays with a dose ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 Gy. Chromosomal aberrations (CAs) in splenocytes were examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization at 1- and 2-months after exposure. Clonal expansions of cells with CAs were found to be induced only by X-rays but not by Fe-particles. Dose-dependent increase in the frequencies of stable-type CAs was observed at 1- as well as 2-months after exposure to both radiation types. The frequencies of stable-type CAs in average were much higher in mice exposed to X-rays than those to Fe-particles and did not change significantly between 1- and 2-months after exposure to both radiation types. On the other hand, the frequencies of unstable-type CAs induced by X-rays and Fe-particles were not much different, and they appeared to decrease with time from 1- to 2-months after exposure. These results suggested that larger fraction of stable-type CAs induced by Fe-particles might be non-transmissible than those by X-rays because of some associating lethal alterations on themselves or on other chromosomes in the same cells and that these cells might be removed by 1-month after Fe-TBI. We also demonstrated that exposure to Fe-particles induced insertions at relatively higher frequency to other stable-type CAs than X-rays. Our findings suggest that insertions can be used as indicators of past exposure to high-LET particle radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Katsube
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Bing Wang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tanaka
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Ninomiya
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hirakawa
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Cuihua Liu
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kouichi Maruyama
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Guillaume Vares
- Experimental Radiotoxicology and Radiobiology Laboratory, Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety, B.P. 17 - 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nakajima
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Akira Fujimori
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Nenoi
- Human Resources Development Center, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
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Kadlcikova D, Musilova P, Hradska H, Vozdova M, Petrovova M, Svoboda M, Rubes J. Chromosomal damage in occupationally exposed health professionals assessed by two cytogenetic methods. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2022; 78:158-169. [PMID: 36073861 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2022.2118213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study assessed occupationally induced chromosomal damage in hospital personnel at risk of exposure to antineoplastic drugs and/or low doses of ionizing radiation by two cytogenetic methods. Cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes of eighty-five hospital workers were examined twice over 2 to 3 years by classical chromosomal aberration analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The comparison of the 1st and the 2nd sampling of hospital workers showed a significant increase in chromatid and chromosomal aberrations (all p < .05) examined by classical chromosomal aberration analysis, and in unstable aberrations (all p < .05) detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Both cytogenetic methods were able to detect an increase of unstable aberrations in the 2nd sampling. The raised frequency of unstable cytogenetic parameters suggested higher recent exposure to genotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dita Kadlcikova
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology - Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Musilova
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology - Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hradska
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology - Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miluse Vozdova
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology - Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Petrovova
- Clinic of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Svoboda
- Clinic of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Rubes
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology - Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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Abdelhalim MA, Patel A, Moquet J, Saha P, Smith A, Badie C, Anderson R, Ainsbury E, Modarai B. Higher Incidence of Chromosomal Aberrations in Operators Performing a Large Volume of Endovascular Procedures. Circulation 2022; 145:1808-1810. [PMID: 35696458 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.058139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abdelhalim
- Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom (M.A.A., A.P., P.S., A.S., B.M.)
| | - Ashish Patel
- Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom (M.A.A., A.P., P.S., A.S., B.M.)
| | - Jayne Moquet
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Threats and Hazards, Chilton, United Kingdom (J.M., C.B., E.A.)
| | - Prakash Saha
- Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom (M.A.A., A.P., P.S., A.S., B.M.)
| | - Alberto Smith
- Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom (M.A.A., A.P., P.S., A.S., B.M.)
| | - Christophe Badie
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Threats and Hazards, Chilton, United Kingdom (J.M., C.B., E.A.)
| | - Rhona Anderson
- Centre for Health Effects of Radiological and Chemical Agents, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, United Kingdom (R.A.)
| | - Elizabeth Ainsbury
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Threats and Hazards, Chilton, United Kingdom (J.M., C.B., E.A.)
| | - Bijan Modarai
- Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom (M.A.A., A.P., P.S., A.S., B.M.)
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15
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Ramos RL, Embriaco A, Carante MP, Ferrari A, Sala P, Vercesi V, Ballarini F. Radiobiological damage by space radiation: extension of the BIANCA model to heavy ions up to iron, and pilot application to cosmic ray exposure. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2022; 42:021523. [PMID: 35453133 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac6991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Space research seems to be object of a renewed interest, also considering that human missions to the Moon, and possibly Mars, are being planned. Among the risks affecting such missions, astronauts' exposure to space radiation is a major concern. In this work, the question of the evaluation of biological damage by Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) was addressed by a biophysical model called BIophysical ANalysis of Cell death and chromosome Aberrations (BIANCA), which simulates the induction of cell death and chromosome aberrations by different ions. While previously BIANCA has been validated for calculating cell death along hadrontherapy beams up to oxygen, herein the approach was extended up to Fe ions. Specifically, experimental survival curves available in literature for V79 cells irradiated by Si-, Ne-, Ar- and Fe-ions were reproduced, and a reference radiobiological database describing V79 cell survival as a function of ion type (1 ⩽Z⩽ 26), energy and dose was constructed. Analogous databases were generated for Chinese hamster ovary hamster cells and human skin fibroblasts, finding good agreement between simulations and data. Concerning chromosome aberrations, which are regarded as radiation risk biomarkers, dicentric data in human lymphocytes irradiated by heavy ions up to iron were reproduced, and a radiobiological database allowing calculation of lymphocyte dicentric yields as a function of dose, ion type (1 ⩽Z⩽ 26) and energy was constructed. Following interface between BIANCA and the FLUKA Monte Carlo transport code, a feasibility study was performed to calculate the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of different GCR spectrum components, for both dicentrics and cell death. Fe-ions, although representing only 10% of the total absorbed dose, were found to be responsible for about 35%-40% of the RBE-weighted dose. Interestingly, the RBE for dicentrics was higher than that for cell survival. More generally, this work shows that BIANCA can calculate RBE values for cell death and lymphocyte dicentrics not only for ion therapy, but also for space radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessia Embriaco
- INFN-Sezione di Pavia, via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
- ENEA, Istituto Nazionale di Metrologia delle Radiazioni Ionizzanti, Roma, Italy
| | - Mario P Carante
- INFN-Sezione di Pavia, via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
- Physics Department, University of Pavia, via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alfredo Ferrari
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Gangneung-Wonju National University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
- INFN-Sezione di Milano, via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Sala
- INFN-Sezione di Milano, via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Ballarini
- INFN-Sezione di Pavia, via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
- Physics Department, University of Pavia, via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
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16
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Horst F, Boscolo D, Cartechini G, Durante M, Hartel C, Kozlova E, La Tessa C, Missiaggia M, Pierobon E, Radon T, Ridolfi R, Ritter S, Schuy C, Sokolov A, Weber U, Zbořil M. A multi-detector experimental setup for the study of space radiation shielding materials: Measurement of secondary radiation behind thick shielding and assessment of its radiobiological effect. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202226103002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Space agencies have recognized the risks of astronauts’ exposure to space radiation and are developing complex model-based risk mitigation strategies. In the foundation of these models, there are still significant gaps of knowledge concerning nuclear fragmentation reactions which need to be addressed by ground-based experiments. There is a lack of data on neutron and light ion production by heavy ions, which are an important component of galactic cosmic radiation (GCR). A research collaboration has been set up to characterize the secondary radiation field produced by GCR-like radiation provided by a particle accelerator in thick shielding. The aim is to develop a novel method for producing high-quality experimental data on neutron and light ion production in shielding materials relevant for space radiation protection. Four complementary detector systems are used to determine the energy and angular distributions of high-energy secondary neutrons and light ions. In addition to the physical measurement approach, the biological effectiveness of the secondary radiation field is determined by measuring chromosome aberrations in human peripheral lymphocytes placed behind the shielding. The experiments are performed at the heavy ion
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17
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Nikitina V, Nugis V, Astrelina T, Zheglo D, Kobzeva I, Kozlova M, Galstyan I, Lomonosova E, Zhanataev A, Karaseva T, Samoylov AS. Pattern of chromosomal aberrations persisting over 30 years in a Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident survivor: study using mFISH. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2022; 63:202-212. [PMID: 35146520 PMCID: PMC8944318 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrab131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The long-term in vivo cytogenetic effects of high-dose radiation exposure can be traced in accidentally irradiated persons, and particularly useful for developing strategies of monitoring and therapy of such patients, as well as for elucidating the fundamental aspects of hematopoiesis and radiobiology. Using 24-color fluorescent in situ hybridization (mFISH), we analysed the frequency and the spectrum of chromosomal aberrations (CA) in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) accident victim 30, 31, 32 and 33 years after acute accidental exposure to high-dose gamma radiation of the whole body. Totally, 993 metaphase cells were analyzed (or 219, 272, 258, 244 cells each year), of which 297 were aberrant. Our study demonstrated a constant aberrant cell frequency at 28% in 2016-2018 years, while in 2019, a significant increase up to 35% occurred due to contribution of significantly elevated frequency of simple aberrations in the absence of evident recent genotoxic factors. Four clonal aberrations were detected, three of which persisted for more than one year at a frequency up to 2.5% of analyzed cells. The distribution of 731 breakpoints per individual chromosomes was nearly proportional to their physical length, excepting Chromosomes 13 and 20, which were significantly breakpoint-deficient compared to the genome median rate. Monitoring of the long-term effects on chromosomal instability caused by radiation exposure is important for understanding and predicting the long-term effects of ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoriya Nikitina
- State Research Center Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biology Agency of Russia, 123128 Zhivopisnaya str., 46, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Nugis
- State Research Center Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biology Agency of Russia, 123128 Zhivopisnaya str., 46, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiyana Astrelina
- State Research Center Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biology Agency of Russia, 123128 Zhivopisnaya str., 46, Moscow, Russia
| | - Diana Zheglo
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Centre for Medical Genetics", 115522, Moskvorechye str., 1, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Kobzeva
- State Research Center Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biology Agency of Russia, 123128 Zhivopisnaya str., 46, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mariya Kozlova
- State Research Center Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biology Agency of Russia, 123128 Zhivopisnaya str., 46, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Galstyan
- State Research Center Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biology Agency of Russia, 123128 Zhivopisnaya str., 46, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Lomonosova
- State Research Center Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biology Agency of Russia, 123128 Zhivopisnaya str., 46, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aliy Zhanataev
- Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology, 125315 Baltyiskaya str., 8, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiyana Karaseva
- State Research Center Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biology Agency of Russia, 123128 Zhivopisnaya str., 46, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Samoylov
- State Research Center Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biology Agency of Russia, 123128 Zhivopisnaya str., 46, Moscow, Russia
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18
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Impact of Radiation Quality on Microdosimetry and Chromosome Aberrations for High-Energy (>250 MeV/n) Ions. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030358. [PMID: 35330109 PMCID: PMC8955614 DOI: 10.3390/life12030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying energy deposition by space radiation at the cellular scale provides insights on health risks to astronauts. Using the Monte Carlo track structure code RITRACKS, and the chromosome aberrations code RITCARD, we performed a modeling study of single-ion energy deposition spectra and chromosome aberrations for high-energy (>250 MeV/n) ion beams with linear energy transfer (LET) varying from 0.22 to 149.2 keV/µm. The calculations were performed using cells irradiated directly by mono-energetic ion beams, and by poly-energetic beams after particle transport in a digital mouse model, representing the radiation exposure of a cell in a tissue. To discriminate events from ion tracks directly traversing the nucleus, to events from δ-electrons emitted by distant ion tracks, we categorized ion contributions to microdosimetry or chromosome aberrations into direct and indirect contributions, respectively. The ions were either ions of the mono-energetic beam or secondary ions created in the digital mouse due to interaction of the beam with tissues. For microdosimetry, the indirect contribution is largely independent of the beam LET and minimally impacted by the beam interactions in mice. In contrast, the direct contribution is strongly dependent on the beam LET and shows increased probabilities of having low and high-energy deposition events when considering beam transport. Regarding chromosome aberrations, the indirect contribution induces a small number of simple exchanges, and a negligible number of complex exchanges. The direct contribution is responsible for most simple and complex exchanges. The complex exchanges are significantly increased for some low-LET ion beams when considering beam transport.
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Kim YJ, Lee JW, Cho YH, Choi YJ, Lee Y, Chung HW. Chromosome Damage in Relation to Recent Radiation Exposure and Radiation Quality in Nuclear Power Plant Workers. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10020094. [PMID: 35202280 PMCID: PMC8878316 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is a well-known carcinogen that causes genomic instability. However, the biological and carcinogenetic effects of occupational radiation exposure at low doses have not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to assess chromosomal instability in power plant workers exposed to occupational radiation at low doses in South Korea. Chromosomal aberrations in the lymphocytes of 201 nuclear power plant workers and 59 sex-matched controls were measured. Chromosomal aberrations in the lymphocytes of 201 nuclear power plant workers (mean age: 41.4 ± 10.0 years) and 59 sex-matched controls (mean age: 47.2 ± 6.0 years) were measured. A total of 500 metaphases for each subject were scored randomly. The means of recent 1.5-year, recent 5.5-year, and cumulative exposed radiation doses among workers were 8.22 ± 7.0 mSv, 30.7 ± 22.0 mSv, and 158.8 ± 86.1 mSv, respectively. The frequency of chromosome-type and chromatid-type aberrations was significantly higher in workers than that in the control group (p < 0.001), and the frequency of chromosome-type aberrations among workers increased in a radiation dose-dependent manner (τ = 0.16, p = 0.005). Poisson regression analyses revealed that chromosome-type aberrations were significantly associated with recent 1.5-year dose after adjusting for confounding variables such as age, smoking, and alcohol intake, even when only the exposed worker was considered. Frequency of multi-aberrant cells (two or more chromosome aberrations within a cell) increased according to cumulative neutron exposure. Our study demonstrates that chromosome damage can be induced in nuclear power plant workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation at low doses below the occupational permissible dose limit. Furthermore, an increase in multi-aberrant cells may provide evidence for chronic neutron exposure in nuclear power plant workers. This study was performed to obtain baseline data for a surveillance program of workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jee Kim
- Da Vinci College of General Education, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-820-5950
| | - Joong Won Lee
- Department of Research and Planning, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungju 28159, Korea;
| | - Yoon Hee Cho
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA;
| | - Young Joo Choi
- School of Public Health Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.J.C.); (Y.L.); (H.W.C.)
| | - Younghyun Lee
- School of Public Health Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.J.C.); (Y.L.); (H.W.C.)
| | - Hai Won Chung
- School of Public Health Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.J.C.); (Y.L.); (H.W.C.)
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Druzhinin VG, Baranova ED, Volobaev VP, Ivanov VI, Larionov AV, Minina VI, Smagulova F, Legoff L, Titov VA, Fucic A. The Length of Telomeres and the Baseline Level of Cytogenetic Damage in Leukocytes of Lung Cancer Patients. RUSS J GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795422010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Radstake WE, Baselet B, Baatout S, Verslegers M. Spaceflight Stressors and Skin Health. Biomedicines 2022; 10:364. [PMID: 35203572 PMCID: PMC8962330 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traveling to space puts astronauts at risk of developing serious health problems. Of particular interest is the skin, which is vitally important in protecting the body from harmful environmental factors. Although data obtained from long-duration spaceflight studies are inconsistent, there have been indications of increased skin sensitivity and signs of dermal atrophy in astronauts. To better understand the effects of spaceflight stressors including microgravity, ionizing radiation and psychological stress on the skin, researchers have turned to in vitro and in vivo simulation models mimicking certain aspects of the spaceflight environment. In this review, we provide an overview of these simulation models and highlight studies that have improved our understanding on the effect of simulation spaceflight stressors on skin function. Data show that all aforementioned spaceflight stressors can affect skin health. Nevertheless, there remains a knowledge gap regarding how different spaceflight stressors in combination may interact and affect skin health. In future, efforts should be made to better simulate the spaceflight environment and reduce uncertainties related to long-duration spaceflight health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelmina E. Radstake
- Radiobiology Unit, SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (W.E.R.); (S.B.); (M.V.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bjorn Baselet
- Radiobiology Unit, SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (W.E.R.); (S.B.); (M.V.)
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (W.E.R.); (S.B.); (M.V.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mieke Verslegers
- Radiobiology Unit, SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (W.E.R.); (S.B.); (M.V.)
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22
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Cherednichenko O, Pilyugina A, Nuraliev S. Chronic human exposure to ionizing radiation: Individual variability of chromosomal aberration frequencies and G 0 radiosensitivities. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 873:503434. [PMID: 35094813 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Bio-monitoring of human radiation exposure is based, as a rule, on a single analysis of chromosomal aberrations. Factors such as radiosensitivity, adaptation, and the stability of cytogenetic indices are not taken into account. We studied frequency of chromosome aberrations (FCA) and G0 chromosome radiosensitivity following in vitro γ-exposure, over a 2.5-year period, for 129 residents of the Dolon settlement, part of the extreme radiation risk zone, Semipalatinsk nuclear test site region, Kazakhstan. Radiosensitivity was evaluated on the basis of FCA and dose assessment by physical dosimetry. FCA was 3-fold higher in Dolon inhabitants as in the control group (p ≤ 0.01). The average coefficient of variability of spontaneous FCA was 31 %. In 20 % of the subjects, it was very high (50-70 %). Individual dose estimation in a single study in such individuals may lead to significant errors. Individual G0-chromosomal radiosensitivity showed less variation (18.7 %). Chronic low-dose irradiation was an adaptive factor to the damaging dose (1 Gy). Three methods of individual radiosensitivity assessment were considered, based on: G0-chromosomal radiosensitivity under additional in vitro γ-radiation; FCA and average dose per year; FCA and total dose received during years of residence in a radiocontaminated settlement, according to physical dosimetry. There is a significant difference in response (FCA) between radiosensitive and radioresistant individuals. This should be taken into account in individual dosimetry and risk assessment of radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Cherednichenko
- Laboratory of Genetic Monitoring, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty, 050060, Al-Faraby 93, Kazakhstan.
| | - Anastassiya Pilyugina
- Laboratory of Genetic Monitoring, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty, 050060, Al-Faraby 93, Kazakhstan
| | - Serikbai Nuraliev
- Laboratory of Genetic Monitoring, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty, 050060, Al-Faraby 93, Kazakhstan
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23
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Scholten B, Portengen L, Pronk A, Stierum R, Downward GS, Vlaanderen J, Vermeulen R. Estimation of the exposure response relation between benzene and acute myeloid leukemia by combining epidemiological, human biomarker, and animal data. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 31:751-757. [PMID: 34906966 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemical risk assessment can benefit from integrating data across multiple evidence bases, especially in exposure-response cure (ERC) modelling when data across the exposure range is sparse. Methods We estimated the ERC for benzene and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), by fitting linear and spline-based Bayesian meta-regression models that included summary risk estimates from non-AML and non-human studies as prior information. Our complete dataset included six human AML studies, three human leukemia studies, ten human biomarker studies, and four experimental animal studies. Results A linear meta-regression model with intercept best predicted AML risks after cross-validation, both for the full dataset and AML studies only. Risk estimates in the low exposure range (<40 ppm yrs) from this model were comparable, but more precise, when the ERC was derived using all available data than when using AML data only. Allowing for between-study heterogeneity, RRs and 95% prediction intervals [95%PI] at 5 ppm years were 1.58 [1.01, 3.22]) and 1.44 [0.85, 3.42], respectively. Conclusions Integrating the available epidemiological, biomarker, and animal data resulted in more precise risk estimates for benzene exposure and AML, although the large between-study heterogeneity hampers interpretation of these results. The harmonization steps required to fit the Bayesian meta-regression model involve a range of assumptions that need to be critically evaluated, as they seem crucial for successful implementation. Impact By describing a framework for data-integration and explicitly describing the necessary data harmonization steps, we hope to enable risk assessors to better understand the advantages and assumptions underlying a data integration approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anjoeka Pronk
- RAPID, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research
| | - Rob Stierum
- RAPID, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research
| | | | | | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University
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24
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Chromosome Aberrations in Lymphocytes of Patients Undergoing Radon Spa Therapy: An Explorative mFISH Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010757. [PMID: 34682498 PMCID: PMC8535331 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present exploratory study, we aim to elucidate the action of radon in vivo and to assess the possible health risks. Chromosome aberrations were analyzed in lymphocytes of two patients (P1, P2) undergoing radon spa therapy in Bad Steben (Germany). Both patients, suffering from painful chronic degenerative disorders of the spine and joints, received nine baths (1.2 kBq/L at 34 °C) over a 3-week period. Chromosome aberrations were analyzed before and 6, 12 and 30 weeks after the start of therapy using the high-resolution multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH) technique. For comparison, the lymphocytes from two healthy donors (HD1, HD2) were examined. P1 had a higher baseline aberration frequency than P2 and both healthy donors (5.3 ± 1.3 vs. 2.0 ± 0.8, 1.4 ± 0.3 and 1.1 ± 0.1 aberrations/100 analyzed metaphases, respectively). Complex aberrations, biomarkers of densely ionizing radiation, were found in P1, P2 and HD1. Neither the aberration frequency nor the fraction of complex aberrations increased after radon spa treatment, i.e., based on biological dosimetry, no increased health risk was found. It is worth noting that a detailed breakpoint analysis revealed potentially clonal aberrations in both patients. Altogether, our data show pronounced inter-individual differences with respect to the number and types of aberrations, complicating the risk analysis of low doses such as those received during radon therapy.
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Healthy Tissue Damage Following Cancer Ion Therapy: A Radiobiological Database Predicting Lymphocyte Chromosome Aberrations Based on the BIANCA Biophysical Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910877. [PMID: 34639218 PMCID: PMC8509193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome aberrations are widely considered among the best biomarkers of radiation health risk due to their relationship with late cancer incidence. In particular, aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) can be regarded as indicators of hematologic toxicity, which is a major limiting factor of radiotherapy total dose. In this framework, a radiobiological database describing the induction of PBL dicentrics as a function of ion type and energy was developed by means of the BIANCA (BIophysical ANalysis of Cell death and chromosome Aberrations) biophysical model, which has been previously applied to predict the effectiveness of therapeutic-like ion beams at killing tumour cells. This database was then read by the FLUKA Monte Carlo transport code, thus allowing us to calculate the Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) for dicentric induction along therapeutic C-ion beams. A comparison with previous results showed that, while in the higher-dose regions (e.g., the Spread-Out Bragg Peak, SOBP), the RBE for dicentrics was lower than that for cell survival. In the lower-dose regions (e.g., the fragmentation tail), the opposite trend was observed. This work suggests that, at least for some irradiation scenarios, calculating the biological effectiveness of a hadrontherapy beam solely based on the RBE for cell survival may lead to an underestimation of the risk of (late) damage to healthy tissues. More generally, following this work, BIANCA has gained the capability of providing RBE predictions not only for cell killing, but also for healthy tissue damage.
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Visweswaran S, Raavi V, Abdul Syed Basheerudeen S, Kanagaraj K, Prasad A, Selvan Gnana Sekaran T, Pattan S, Shanmugam P, Ozimuthu A, Joseph S, Perumal V. Comparative analysis of physical doses and biomarker changes in subjects underwent Computed Tomography, Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography, and interventional procedures. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2021; 870-871:503404. [PMID: 34583824 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Even though the medical uses of ionizing radiation are well-acknowledged globally as vital tools for the improvement of human health, they also symbolize the major man-made sources of radiation exposure to the population. Estimation of absorbed dose and biological changes after radiation-based imaging might help to better understand the effects of low dose radiation. Because of this, we measured the Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) at different anatomical locations using Lithium tetraborate doped with manganese (Li2B4O7: Mn), recorded Dose Length Product (DLP) and Dose Area Product (DAP), analyzed Chromosomal Aberration (CA), Micronucleus (MN), gamma-H2AX (γ-H2AX), and p53ser15 proteins in the blood lymphocytes of patients (n = 267) underwent Computed Tomography (CT), Positron Emission Tomography-CT (PET/CT), and interventional procedures and healthy volunteers (n = 19). The DLP and effective doses obtained from PET/CT procedures were significantly higher (p < 0.05) when compared to CT. Fluoroscopic time and DAP were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in therapeutic compared to diagnostic interventional procedures. All the anatomical locations registered a significant amount of ESD, the ESD obtained from CT and interventional procedures were significantly (p < 0.05) higher when compared to PET/CT. Fluoroscopic time did not correlate with the ESD (eye, head, thyroid, and shoulder; R2 = 0.03). CA frequency after PET/CT was significantly higher (p < 0.001) when compared to CT and interventional procedures. MN frequency was significantly higher in 24-hs (p < 0.001) post-interventional procedure compared to 2-hs. The mean ± SD of mean fluorescence intensity of γ-H2AX and p53ser15 obtained from all subjects underwent PET/CT and interventional procedures did not show a significant difference (p > 0.05) between pre- and post-procedure. However, the relative fluorescence intensity of γ-H2AX and p53ser15 was >1 in 58.5 % and 65.8 % of subjects respectively. Large inter-individual variation and lack of correlation between physical dose and biomarkers suggest the need for robust dosimetry with a large sample size to understand the health effects of low dose radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangamithra Visweswaran
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 116, India
| | - Venkateswarlu Raavi
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka, 563 103, India
| | - Safa Abdul Syed Basheerudeen
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 116, India
| | - Karthik Kanagaraj
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 116, India
| | - Akshaya Prasad
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 116, India
| | - Tamizh Selvan Gnana Sekaran
- Central Research Lab, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575 018, India
| | - Sudha Pattan
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 116, India
| | - Panneerselvam Shanmugam
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 116, India
| | - Annalakshmi Ozimuthu
- Safety, Quality & Resource Management Group, Health Safety and Environment Group, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603 102, India
| | - Santhosh Joseph
- Department of Neuro-Radiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 116, India
| | - Venkatachalam Perumal
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 116, India.
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Beheshti A, McDonald JT, Hada M, Takahashi A, Mason CE, Mognato M. Genomic Changes Driven by Radiation-Induced DNA Damage and Microgravity in Human Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910507. [PMID: 34638848 PMCID: PMC8508777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The space environment consists of a complex mixture of different types of ionizing radiation and altered gravity that represents a threat to humans during space missions. In particular, individual radiation sensitivity is strictly related to the risk of space radiation carcinogenesis. Therefore, in view of future missions to the Moon and Mars, there is an urgent need to estimate as accurately as possible the individual risk from space exposure to improve the safety of space exploration. In this review, we survey the combined effects from the two main physical components of the space environment, ionizing radiation and microgravity, to alter the genetics and epigenetics of human cells, considering both real and simulated space conditions. Data collected from studies on human cells are discussed for their potential use to estimate individual radiation carcinogenesis risk from space exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Beheshti
- KBR, NASA Ames Research Center, Space Biosciences Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Correspondence: or (A.B.); (M.M.)
| | - J. Tyson McDonald
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007, USA;
| | - Megumi Hada
- Radiation Institute for Science & Engineering, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA;
| | - Akihisa Takahashi
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan;
| | - Christopher E. Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- The World Quant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Maddalena Mognato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: or (A.B.); (M.M.)
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28
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Hartel C, Nasonova E, Ritter S, Friedrich T. Alpha-Particle Exposure Induces Mainly Unstable Complex Chromosome Aberrations which do not Contribute to Radiation-Associated Cytogenetic Risk. Radiat Res 2021; 196:561-573. [PMID: 34411274 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00116.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism underlying the carcinogenic potential of α radiation is not fully understood, considering that cell inactivation (e.g., mitotic cell death) as a main consequence of exposure efficiently counteracts the spreading of heritable DNA damage. The aim of this study is to improve our understanding of the effectiveness of α particles in inducing different types of chromosomal aberrations, to determine the respective values of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) and to interpret the results with respect to exposure risk. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from a single donor were exposed ex vivo to doses of 0-6 Gy X rays or 0-2 Gy α particles. Cells were harvested at two different times after irradiation to account for the mitotic delay of heavily damaged cells, which is known to occur after exposure to high-LET radiation (including α particles). Analysis of the kinetics of cells reaching first or second (and higher) mitosis after irradiation and aberration data obtained by the multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH) technique are used to determine of the cytogenetic risk, i.e., the probability for transmissible aberrations in surviving lymphocytes. The analysis shows that the cytogenetic risk after α exposure is lower than after X rays. This indicates that the actually observed higher carcinogenic effect of α radiation is likely to stem from small scale mutations that are induced effectively by high-LET radiation but cannot be resolved by mFISH analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hartel
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Department of Biophysics, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E Nasonova
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Department of Biophysics, Darmstadt, Germany.,Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Dubna, Russia
| | - S Ritter
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Department of Biophysics, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Friedrich
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Department of Biophysics, Darmstadt, Germany
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29
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Bonassi S, Ceppi M, Møller P, Azqueta A, Milić M, Neri M, Brunborg G, Godschalk R, Koppen G, Langie SAS, Teixeira JP, Bruzzone M, Da Silva J, Benedetti D, Cavallo D, Ursini CL, Giovannelli L, Moretti S, Riso P, Del Bo' C, Russo P, Dobrzyńska M, Goroshinskaya IA, Surikova EI, Staruchova M, Barančokova M, Volkovova K, Kažimirova A, Smolkova B, Laffon B, Valdiglesias V, Pastor S, Marcos R, Hernández A, Gajski G, Spremo-Potparević B, Živković L, Boutet-Robinet E, Perdry H, Lebailly P, Perez CL, Basaran N, Nemeth Z, Safar A, Dusinska M, Collins A. DNA damage in circulating leukocytes measured with the comet assay may predict the risk of death. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16793. [PMID: 34408182 PMCID: PMC8373872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95976-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The comet assay or single cell gel electrophoresis, is the most common method used to measure strand breaks and a variety of other DNA lesions in human populations. To estimate the risk of overall mortality, mortality by cause, and cancer incidence associated to DNA damage, a cohort of 2,403 healthy individuals (25,978 person-years) screened in 16 laboratories using the comet assay between 1996 and 2016 was followed-up. Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated a worse overall survival in the medium and high tertile of DNA damage (p < 0.001). The effect of DNA damage on survival was modelled according to Cox proportional hazard regression model. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was 1.42 (1.06–1.90) for overall mortality, and 1.94 (1.04–3.59) for diseases of the circulatory system in subjects with the highest tertile of DNA damage. The findings of this study provide epidemiological evidence encouraging the implementation of the comet assay in preventive strategies for non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bonassi
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy. .,Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marcello Ceppi
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, San Martino Policlinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Oster Farimagsgade 5A, 1014, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,C/Irunlarrea 3, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mirta Milić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Monica Neri
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Gunnar Brunborg
- Department of Environmental Health, Section of Molecular Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Lovisenberggt 6, 0456, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roger Godschalk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, University of Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 50, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gudrun Koppen
- Flemish Institute of Technological Research, Environmental Risk and Health Unit VITO - BIOMo, Mol, Belgium
| | - Sabine A S Langie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, University of Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 50, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal.,Environmental Health Department, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade Do Porto, Rua das Taipas, no 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco Bruzzone
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, San Martino Policlinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Juliana Da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), and La Salle University (UNILASALLE), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Danieli Benedetti
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), and La Salle University (UNILASALLE), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Delia Cavallo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene (DiMEILA), Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Via Fontana Candida 1, 00078, Monte Porzio Catone (Rome), Italy
| | - Cinzia Lucia Ursini
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene (DiMEILA), Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Via Fontana Candida 1, 00078, Monte Porzio Catone (Rome), Italy
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- Department NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Moretti
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Dermatology, University of Florence, Palagi Hospital, Viale Michelangelo 41, Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristian Del Bo'
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Russo
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy.,Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Malgorzata Dobrzyńska
- Department of Radiation Hygiene and Radiobiology, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, 24 Chocimska Street, 00-791, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Irina A Goroshinskaya
- Laboratory for the Study of the Pathogenesis of Malignant Tumors, National Medical Research Center for Oncology, 14 line 63, 344037, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I Surikova
- Laboratory for the Study of the Pathogenesis of Malignant Tumors, National Medical Research Center for Oncology, 14 line 63, 344037, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Marta Staruchova
- Institute of Biology, Medical Faculty, Slovak Medical University, Limbova 12, 83303, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Magdalena Barančokova
- Institute of Biology, Medical Faculty, Slovak Medical University, Limbova 12, 83303, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Volkovova
- Institute of Biology, Medical Faculty, Slovak Medical University, Limbova 12, 83303, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alena Kažimirova
- Institute of Biology, Medical Faculty, Slovak Medical University, Limbova 12, 83303, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Bozena Smolkova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Blanca Laffon
- Grupo DICOMOSA, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de La Educación, Universidade da Coruña, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), AE CICA-INIBIC, Oza, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Vanessa Valdiglesias
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), AE CICA-INIBIC, Oza, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.,Grupo DICOMOSA, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus A Zapateira s/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Susana Pastor
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Ricard Marcos
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Hernández
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Goran Gajski
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Biljana Spremo-Potparević
- Center of Biological Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, VojvodeStepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lada Živković
- Center of Biological Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, VojvodeStepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Elisa Boutet-Robinet
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Pierre Lebailly
- ANTICIPE Unit, INSERM & University of Caen-Normandie Centre François Baclesse, Avenue du Général Harris, 14076, Caen Cedex 05, France
| | - Carlos L Perez
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas Y Preclínicas "Victoria de Giron", Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, 146 St. and 31 Ave, No, 3102, Playa, Habana, Cuba
| | - Nursen Basaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zsuzsanna Nemeth
- Department of Non-Ionizing Radiation, National Public Health Center, Anna Street 5, 1221, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Safar
- Department of Non-Ionizing Radiation, National Public Health Center, Anna Street 5, 1221, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Andrew Collins
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway
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Kocaman AY, Asfuroğlu K. The genotoxic effects of perchloroethylene in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and the possible ameliorative role of α-tocopherol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:39576-39586. [PMID: 33763835 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Perchloroethylene (PCE), also known as tetrachloroethylene, is a commercially important chlorinated solvent commonly used in dry cleaning, textile processing, and metal degreasing industries. According to the available studies, the potential genotoxic impacts of this chlorinated solvent on human beings are still controversial. The present work was carried out to determine the genotoxic effects of PCE on human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) using chromosome aberrations (CAs) and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) tests. Additionally, the antigenotoxic potential of α-tocopherol (α-Toc), a well-known antioxidant agent, on human lymphocytes treated with PCE in vitro was assessed. The cells were exposed for 48 h to PCE (25, 50, 100, and 150 μg/mL) alone as well as in combination with α-Toc (100 μg/mL). The findings of the study suggested that, relative to solvent control, PCE significantly increased the structural CA and MN formation for all concentrations. However, simultaneous treatment of PCE and α-Toc caused a significant reduction of CAs and MNi as compared to cultures treated with PCE alone. Besides, the results showed that PCE has cytotoxic effects on human PBLs as indicated by the significant decrease in mitotic index (MI) and nuclear division index (NDI). Nevertheless, the co-treatment of α-Toc with PCE did not reduce the cytotoxicity of PCE at a significant level. In conclusion, it can be suggested that PCE is genotoxic and cytotoxic in human PBLs, and α-Toc has an antigenotoxic effect on PCE-induced genotoxicity but has no significant effect on the cytotoxicity triggered by PCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Yavuz Kocaman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, 31000, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey.
| | - Kübra Asfuroğlu
- Basic and Applied Sciences Institute, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey
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Biomarkers of Genotoxicity in Medical Workers Exposed to Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147504. [PMID: 34299125 PMCID: PMC8304237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical staff represent the largest group of workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation (IR). Chronic exposure to low-dose IR may result in DNA damage and genotoxicity associated with increased risk of cancer. This review aims to identify the genotoxicity biomarkers that are the most elevated in IR-exposed vs. unexposed health workers. A systematic review of the literature was performed to retrieve relevant studies with various biomarkers of genotoxicity. Subsequent meta-analyses produced a pooled effect size for several endpoints. The search procedure yielded 65 studies. Chromosome aberrations (CA) and micronuclei (MN) frequencies were significantly different between IR-exposed and unexposed workers (θpooled = 3.19, 95% CI 1.46–4.93; and θpooled = 1.41, 95% CI 0.97–1.86, for total aberrant cells and MN frequencies, respectively), which was not the case for ring chromosomes and nucleoplasmic bridges. Although less frequently used, stable translocations, sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and comet assay endpoints were also statistically different between IR-exposed and unexposed workers. This review confirms the relevance of CA and MN as genotoxicity biomarkers that are consistently elevated in IR-exposed vs. unexposed workers. Other endpoints are strong candidates but require further studies to validate their usefulness. The integration of the identified biomarkers in future prospective epidemiological studies is encouraged.
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Farkas G, Kocsis ZS, Székely G, Dobozi M, Kenessey I, Polgár C, Jurányi Z. Smoking, chromosomal aberrations, and cancer incidence in healthy subjects. Mutat Res 2021; 867:503373. [PMID: 34266629 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal aberrations (CAs) in peripheral blood lymphocytes can be used as biomarkers of cancer risk. Cytogenetic tests were conducted on 2396 healthy Hungarian individuals and cancer incidence was followed up from 1989 to 2018. Venous blood samples were obtained from the subjects and metaphases from lymphocyte cultures were prepared. We compared the CA frequencies of the various smoking (1-5; 6-10; 11-19; or 20-40 cigarettes/day) and exposure (irradiation; chemical industry; chemical research laboratory) groups. Chromatid break (p = 0.0002), total aberration (p = 0.002), and aberrant cell (p = 0.001) frequencies were higher in smokers than in non-smokers. For very heavy smokers, total CAs were significantly higher than for non-smokers (<0.001) or less intensive smokers (p = 0.003-0.0006). Intensity of smoking was a predictor of chromosomal aberrations, while duration was not. During follow-up, 177 (7.3 %) cancer cases were found. A Cox-regression model showed that subjects with cell values ≥2 CAs developed cancer more frequently (hazard ratio = 1.39; 95 % CI, 1.02-1.90). The relative risks of cancer were 1.06 (95 % CI 0.53-2.06) for light smokers and 1.74 (95 % CI 1.08-2.77) for very heavy smokers. The distributions of cancer sites showed differences between smoker and non-smoker groups: in male smokers, lung cancer, in non-smokers, prostate, and in females (both groups) breast cancer were most common. Cancer incidence correlated with chromosome aberrations; smoking was not a confounder in this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyöngyi Farkas
- National Institute of Oncology, Centre of Radiotherapy, Department of Radiobiology and Diagnostic Onco-Cytogenetics, Ráth György u. 7-9, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa S Kocsis
- National Institute of Oncology, Centre of Radiotherapy, Department of Radiobiology and Diagnostic Onco-Cytogenetics, Ráth György u. 7-9, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Székely
- National Institute of Oncology, Centre of Radiotherapy, Department of Radiobiology and Diagnostic Onco-Cytogenetics, Ráth György u. 7-9, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária Dobozi
- National Institute of Oncology, National Cancer Registry, Ráth György u. 7-9, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Kenessey
- National Institute of Oncology, National Cancer Registry, Ráth György u. 7-9, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Polgár
- National Institute of Oncology, Centre of Radiotherapy, Ráth György u. 7-9, 1122, Budapest, Hungary; Semmelweis University, Department of Oncology, Ráth György u. 7-9, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Jurányi
- National Institute of Oncology, Centre of Radiotherapy, Department of Radiobiology and Diagnostic Onco-Cytogenetics, Ráth György u. 7-9, 1122, Budapest, Hungary.
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Zawam Dalah E, Dhou S, Mudalige T, Amin F, Obaideen A. Challenges estimating patient organs doses undergoing enhanced chest CT examination: exploratory study. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2021; 7. [PMID: 33588398 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/abe68e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Estimate organs doses (ODs) of patients subjected to unenhanced (S1) and enhanced (S2) chest CT studies relying on image parameters such as Hounsfield Units (HUs).Materials and Methods: CT scans and images of a total of 16 patients who underwent two series of chest CT studies were obtained and retrospectively examined. OD increments of liver and pancreas for both series (S1 & S2) were estimated using two different independent methods, namely simulation approach using CT-EXPO and Amato's phantom-based fitting model (APFM). HUs were quantified for each organ by manually drawing fixed area-sized regions of interest (ROIs). The mean HUs were collected to obtain the ODs increments following APFM. Regression analysis was applied to find and assess the relationship between the HUs and the OD increments estimated using APFM and that using CT-EXPO. Spearman Coefficient and Wilcoxon Matched Pairedt-testwere conducted to show statistical correlation and difference between ODs increments using the two methods.Results:A strong significant difference was depicted between S1 and S2 scan series of liver and pancreas using CT-EXPO simulation. Mean HU values for S1 were lower than S2, resulting in statistically significant (p < 0.0001) HU changes. CT-EXPO simulation yielded significantly higher difference in ODs compared to the APFM for liver (p = 0.0455) and pancreas (p = 0.0031). Regression analysis revealed a strong relationship between HU of S1 and S2 and ODs increments using APFM in both organs (R2 = 0.99), dissimilar to CT-EXPO (R2 = 0.39 in liver andR2 = 0.05 in pancreas).Conclusions: Although CT-EXPO allows for estimating ODs accounting for major acquisition scan parameters, it is not a reliable tool to evaluate the impact of contrast enhancement on ODs. On the other hand, the APFM accounts for contrast enhancement accumulation yet only provides relative OD increments, an information of limited clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Entesar Zawam Dalah
- Department of Clinical Support Services and Nursing Sector, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE.,Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Salam Dhou
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Thilini Mudalige
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Fatima Amin
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
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Schumann S, Eberlein U, Lapa C, Müller J, Serfling S, Lassmann M, Scherthan H. α-Particle-induced DNA damage tracks in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of [ 223Ra]RaCl 2-treated prostate cancer patients. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:2761-2770. [PMID: 33537837 PMCID: PMC8263441 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-05170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE One therapy option for prostate cancer patients with bone metastases is the use of [223Ra]RaCl2. The α-emitter 223Ra creates DNA damage tracks along α-particle trajectories (α-tracks) in exposed cells that can be revealed by immunofluorescent staining of γ-H2AX+53BP1 DNA double-strand break markers. We investigated the time- and absorbed dose-dependency of the number of α-tracks in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients undergoing their first therapy with [223Ra]RaCl2. METHODS Multiple blood samples from nine prostate cancer patients were collected before and after administration of [223Ra]RaCl2, up to 4 weeks after treatment. γ-H2AX- and 53BP1-positive α-tracks were microscopically quantified in isolated and immuno-stained PBMCs. RESULTS The absorbed doses to the blood were less than 6 mGy up to 4 h after administration and maximally 16 mGy in total. Up to 4 h after administration, the α-track frequency was significantly increased relative to baseline and correlated with the absorbed dose to the blood in the dose range < 3 mGy. In most of the late samples (24 h - 4 weeks after administration), the α-track frequency remained elevated. CONCLUSION The γ-H2AX+53BP1 assay is a potent method for detection of α-particle-induced DNA damages during treatment with or after accidental incorporation of radionuclides even at low absorbed doses. It may serve as a biomarker discriminating α- from β-emitters based on damage geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schumann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - U Eberlein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - C Lapa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - J Müller
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - S Serfling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Lassmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - H Scherthan
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
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Druzhinin VG, Matskova LV, Demenkov PS, Baranova ED, Volobaev VP, Minina VI, Larionov AV, Titov VA, Fucic A. Genetic damage in lymphocytes of lung cancer patients is correlated to the composition of the respiratory tract microbiome. Mutagenesis 2021; 36:143-153. [PMID: 33454779 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent findings indicate that the microbiome may have significant impact on the development of lung cancer by its effects on inflammation, dysbiosis or genome damage. The aim of this study was to compare the sputum microbiome of lung cancer (LC) patients with the chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronuclei (MN) frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes. In the study, the taxonomic composition of the sputum microbiome of 66 men with untreated LC were compared with 62 control subjects with respect to CA and MN frequency and centromere fluorescence in situ hybridisation analysis. Results showed a significant increase in CA (4.11 ± 2.48% versus 2.08 ± 1.18%) and MN (1.53 ± 0.67% versus 0.87 ± 0.49%) frequencies, respectively, in LC patients as compared to control subjects. The higher frequency of centromeric positive MN of LC patients was mainly due to aneuploidy. A significant increase in Streptococcus, Bacillus, Gemella and Haemophilus in LC patients was detected, in comparison to the control subjects while 18 bacterial genera were significantly reduced, which indicates a decrease in the beta diversity in the microbiome of LC patients. Although, the CA frequency in LC patients is significantly associated with an increased presence of the genera Bacteroides, Lachnoanaerobaculum, Porphyromonas, Mycoplasma and Fusobacterium in their sputum, and a decrease for the genus Granulicatella after application of false discovery rate correction, significance was not any more present. The decrease of MN frequency of LC patients is significantly associated with an increase in Megasphaera genera and Selenomonas bovis. In conclusion, a significant difference in beta diversity of microbiome between LC and control subjects and association between the sputum microbiome composition and genome damage of LC patients was detected, thus supporting previous studies suggesting an etiological connection between the airway microbiome and LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Druzhinin
- Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, Russian Federation, Krasnaya St., 6
| | - L V Matskova
- Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, Russian Federation, Krasnaya St., 6.,Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation, Kaliningrad, st. A. Nevsky, 14.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor Biology and Cell Biology (MTC), Stockholm, Sweden, 171 65, Solna, Solnavägen, 9
| | - P S Demenkov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Lavrentyeva Pr., 10
| | - E D Baranova
- Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, Russian Federation, Krasnaya St., 6
| | - V P Volobaev
- Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, Russian Federation, Krasnaya St., 6
| | - V I Minina
- Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, Russian Federation, Krasnaya St., 6.,Institute of Human Ecology, Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, Russian Federation, Leningradsky Pr., 10
| | - A V Larionov
- Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, Russian Federation, Krasnaya St., 6
| | - V A Titov
- Kemerovo Regional Oncology Center, Kemerovo, Russian Federation, Volgogradskaya St., 35
| | - A Fucic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia, Ksaverska c 2
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36
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Diagnostic value of deep learning reconstruction for radiation dose reduction at abdominal ultra-high-resolution CT. Eur Radiol 2021; 31:4700-4709. [PMID: 33389036 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-07566-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated lower dose (LD) hepatic dynamic ultra-high-resolution computed tomography (U-HRCT) images reconstructed with deep learning reconstruction (DLR), hybrid iterative reconstruction (hybrid-IR), or model-based IR (MBIR) in comparison with standard-dose (SD) U-HRCT images reconstructed with hybrid-IR as the reference standard to identify the method that allowed for the greatest radiation dose reduction while preserving the diagnostic value. METHODS Evaluated were 72 patients who had undergone hepatic dynamic U-HRCT; 36 were scanned with the standard radiation dose (SD group) and 36 with 70% of the SD (lower dose [LD] group). Hepatic arterial and equilibrium phase (HAP, EP) images were reconstructed with hybrid-IR in the SD group, and with hybrid-IR, MBIR, and DLR in the LD group. One radiologist recorded the standard deviation of attenuation in the paraspinal muscle as the image noise. The overall image quality was assessed by 3 other radiologists; they used a 5-point confidence scale ranging from 1 (unacceptable) to 5 (excellent). Superiority and equivalence with prespecified margins were assessed. RESULTS With respect to the image noise, in the HAP and EP, LD DLR and LD MBIR images were superior to SD hybrid-IR images; LD hybrid-IR images were neither superior nor equivalent to SD hybrid-IR images. With respect to the quality scores, only LD DLR images were superior to SD hybrid-IR images. CONCLUSIONS DLR preserved the quality of abdominal U-HRCT images even when scanned with a reduced radiation dose. KEY POINTS • Lower dose DLR images were superior to the standard-dose hybrid-IR images quantitatively and qualitatively at abdominal U-HRCT. • Neither hybrid-IR nor MBIR may allow for a radiation dose reduction at abdominal U-HRCT without compromising the image quality. • Because DLR allows for a reduction in the radiation dose and maintains the image quality even at the thinnest slice section, DLR should be applied to abdominal U-HRCT scans.
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Bucher M, Endesfelder D, Roessler U, Borkhardt A, Dückers G, Kirlum HJ, Lankisch P, Oommen PT, Niehues T, Rübe CE, Baumgartner I, Bunk F, Moertl S, Hornhardt S, Gomolka M. Analysis of chromosomal aberrations and γH2A.X foci to identify radiation-sensitive ataxia-telangiectasia patients. Mutat Res 2020; 861-862:503301. [PMID: 33551102 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) is a rare inherited recessive disorder which is caused by a mutated Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene. Hallmarks include chromosomal instability, cancer predisposition and increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation. The ATM protein plays an important role in signaling of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), thereby phosphorylating the histone H2A.X. Non-functional ATM protein leads to defects in DNA damage response, unresolved DSBs and genomic instability. The aim of this study was to evaluate chromosomal aberrations and γH2A.X foci as potential radiation sensitivity biomarkers in AT patients. For this purpose, lymphocytes of 8 AT patients and 10 healthy controls were irradiated and induced DNA damage and DNA repair capacity were detected by the accumulation of γH2A.X foci. The results were heterogeneous among AT patients. Evaluation revealed 2 AT patients with similar γH2A.X foci numbers as controls after 1 h while 3 patients showed a lower induction. In regard to DNA repair, 3 of 5 AT patients showed poor damage repair. Therefore, DNA damage induction and DNA repair as detected by H2A.X phosphorylation revealed individual differences, seems to depend on the underlying individual mutation and thus appears not well suited as a biomarker for radiation sensitivity. In addition, chromosomal aberrations were analyzed by mFISH. An increased frequency of spontaneous chromosomal breakage was characteristic for AT cells. After irradiation, significantly increased rates for non-exchange aberrations, translocations, complex aberrations and dicentric chromosomes were observed in AT patients compared to controls. The results of this study suggested, that complex aberrations and dicentric chromosomes might be a reliable biomarker for radiation sensitivity in AT patients, while non-exchange aberrations and translocations identified both, spontaneous and radiation-induced chromosomal instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bucher
- Department of Effects and Risks of Ionising and Non-Ionising Radiation, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany.
| | - David Endesfelder
- Department of Effects and Risks of Ionising and Non-Ionising Radiation, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Ute Roessler
- Department of Effects and Risks of Ionising and Non-Ionising Radiation, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Gregor Dückers
- Center for Child and Adolescent Health, HELIOS Hospital Krefeld, Lutherplatz 40, 47805, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Kirlum
- Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Orthopedics in der Au, Kühbachstraße 1, 81543, Munich, Germany
| | - Petra Lankisch
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Prasad T Oommen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Tim Niehues
- Center for Child and Adolescent Health, HELIOS Hospital Krefeld, Lutherplatz 40, 47805, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Claudia E Rübe
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Saarland University Hospital and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Kirrberger Straße, Building 6.5, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Ingrid Baumgartner
- Department of Effects and Risks of Ionising and Non-Ionising Radiation, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Frank Bunk
- Department of Effects and Risks of Ionising and Non-Ionising Radiation, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Simone Moertl
- Department of Effects and Risks of Ionising and Non-Ionising Radiation, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Sabine Hornhardt
- Department of Effects and Risks of Ionising and Non-Ionising Radiation, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Maria Gomolka
- Department of Effects and Risks of Ionising and Non-Ionising Radiation, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
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Wultsch G, Setayesh T, Kundi M, Kment M, Nersesyan A, Fenech M, Knasmüller S. Induction of DNA damage as a consequence of occupational exposure to crystalline silica: A review and meta-analysis. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 787:108349. [PMID: 34083037 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
About 40 million workers are occupationally exposed to crystalline silica (CS) which was classified as a human carcinogen by the IARC. It is assumed that damage of the genetic material via inflammation and reactive oxygen species by CS lead to formation of malignant cells. We conducted a systematic literature search to find out if inhalation of CS containing dusts at workplaces causes damage of the genetic material. Thirteen studies were found eligible for this review, in most of them (n = 9) micronuclei (MN) which reflect structural/numerical chromosomal aberrations were monitored in lymphocytes and/or in exfoliated buccal cells. In 5 investigations DNA damage was measured in blood cells in single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) experiments. Frequently studied groups were potters, stone cutters, miners and construction workers. Results of meta-analyses show that exposure to CS causes formation of MN and DNA breaks, the overall ratio values were in exposed workers 2.06- and 1.96-fold higher than in controls, respectively. Two studies reported increased levels of oxidized guanine, and higher levels of DNA adducts with malondialdehyde indicating that exposure to CS leads to oxidative damage. The exposure of the workers to CS was quantified only in two studies, information concerning the size and chemical structures of the particles is lacking in most investigations. Therefore, it is not possible to use the results to derive occupational exposure limits of workers to CS which vary strongly in different countries. Nevertheless, the evaluation of the current state of knowledge shows that biomonitoring studies in which damage of the genetic material is measured in CS exposed workers can contribute to assess adverse health effects as consequence of DNA instability in specific occupations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Wultsch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tahereh Setayesh
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Center for Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kment
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Fenech
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Siegfried Knasmüller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Knudsen LE, Kirsch-Volders M. Micronuclei, reproduction and child health. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 787:108345. [PMID: 34083036 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The current review looks for relationships between results from biomarker studies with micronucleus and health effects related to reproduction and children. In adults, an age related increase in MN is well known as well as associations with environmental exposures especially air pollution from traffic and smoking. Literature searches in PubMED and SCOPUS were performed with the following keywords reproduction, children, micronuclei, health effects. In total 162 studies were identified with the keyword children. Concerning children and health and children and environmental exposures, the titles and abstracts of a total of 162 publications were screened for language, inclusion of data from children and selected according to a study selection chart. 9 studies were included for children and health, and 21 studies for children and environmental exposures, with 12 in buccal cells and 9 in lymphocytes. The publications were read and included in tables if data on controls was available. MN frequencies were collected for peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), reticulocytes or buccal cells (BC) and reported as Mean ± SD or Median (IQR). The Mean frequency Ratio, MRi, corresponding to the MN mean for study persons divided by MN mean for control persons was stated as reported in the publication or calculated by us from the data in the publication, where possible. Our systematic analysis revealed a number of positive associations of MN frequencies as a marker of increased health risk in relation to reproduction as well as child health. The majority of studies reported with children concerns exposures of children as well as maternal exposures and newborn health with MN as a biomarker of exposure. Exposure monitoring by MN as biomarker is also reported in studies of school children however most often not related to health effects. The MRis are found in ranges from 1 to 5.5 most studies around 2. As far as MN frequencies in children and exposure are concerned, the MRis range from 0.9 to 5.5, with a range from 1.3-4.9 for lymphocytes and from 1.5 to 2.5 in buccal cells, except for two studies with no differences found between cases and controls. Only one study is available for MRi calculation in reticulocytes with the value of 2.3. These data are supporting MN as a relevant biomarker for children health. However, the data is mostly from small studies with different protocol leaving out the possibility of metanalyses and even statistical comparisons among studies. The actual risk from elevated MNs in children waits large cohort studies with pooled datasets as performed with MN measured in adults. Introduction of buccal cells as non invasive alternative to lymphocytes is increasing and as with the lymphocytes standardised protocols are recommended to enable comparative studies and metaanalyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Micheline Kirsch-Volders
- Laboratory for Cell Genetics, Department Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Bio-engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
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40
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Schnatter AR, Rooseboom M, Kocabas NA, North CM, Dalzell A, Twisk J, Faulhammer F, Rushton E, Boogaard PJ, Ostapenkaite V, Williams SD. Derivation of an occupational exposure limit for benzene using epidemiological study quality assessment tools. Toxicol Lett 2020; 334:117-144. [PMID: 32497562 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper derives an occupational exposure limit for benzene using quality assessed data. Seventy-seven genotoxicity and 36 haematotoxicity studies in workers were scored for study quality with an adapted tool based on that of Vlaanderen et al., 2008 (Environ Health. Perspect. 116 1700-5). These endpoints were selected as they are the most sensitive and relevant to the proposed mode of action (MOA) and protecting against these will protect against benzene carcinogenicity. Lowest and No- Adverse Effect Concentrations (LOAECs and NOAECs) were derived from the highest quality studies (i.e. those ranked in the top tertile or top half) and further assessed as being "more certain" or "less certain". Several sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess whether alternative "high quality" constructs affected conclusions. The lowest haematotoxicity LOAECs showed effects near 2 ppm (8 h TWA), and no effects at 0.59 ppm. For genotoxicity, studies also showed effects near 2 ppm and showed no effects at about 0.69 ppm. Several sensitivity analyses supported these observations. These data define a benzene LOAEC of 2 ppm (8 h TWA) and a NOAEC of 0.5 ppm (8 h TWA). Allowing for possible subclinical effects in bone marrow not apparent in studies of peripheral blood endpoints, an OEL of 0.25 ppm (8 h TWA) is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Colin M North
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc, Annandale, NJ, USA
| | | | - Johannes Twisk
- Dow Chemical International Pvt. Ltd, Terneuzen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Erik Rushton
- Basell Service Company B.V., Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Albertini RJ, Kaden DA. Mutagenicity monitoring in humans: Global versus specific origin of mutations. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 786:108341. [PMID: 33339577 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
An underappreciated aspect of human mutagenicity biomonitoring is tissue specificity reflected in different assays, especially those that measure events that can only occur in developing bone marrow (BM) cells. Reviewed here are 9 currently-employed human mutagenicity biomonitoring assays. Several assays measure chromosome-level events in circulating T-lymphocytes (T-cells), i.e., traditional analyses of aberrations, translocation studies involving chromosome painting and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and determinations of micronuclei (MN). Other T-cell assays measure gene mutations. i.e., hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoriboslytransferase (HPRT) and phosphoribosylinositol glycan class A (PIGA). In addition to the T-cell assays, also reviewed are those assays that measure events in peripheral blood cells that necessarily arose in BM cells, i.e., MN in reticulocytes; glycophorin A (GPA) gene mutations in red blood cells (RBCs), and PIGA gene mutations in RBC or granulocytes. This review considers only cell culture- or cytometry-based assays to describe endpoints measured, methods, optimal sampling times, and sample summaries of typical quantitative and qualitative results. However, to achieve its intended focus on the target cells where events occur, kinetics of the cells of peripheral blood that derive at some point from precursor cells are reviewed to identify body sites and tissues where the genotoxic events originate. Kinetics indicate that in normal adults, measured events in T-cells afford global assessments of in vivo mutagenicity but are not specific for BM effects. Therefore, an agent's capacity for inducing mutations in BM cells cannot be reliably inferred from T-cell assays as the magnitude of effect in BM, if any, is unknown. By contrast, chromosome or gene level mutations measured in RBCs/reticulocytes or granulocytes must originate in BM cells, i.e. in RBC or granulocyte precursors, thereby making them specific indicators for effects in BM. Assays of mutations arising directly in BM cells may quantitatively reflect the mutagenicity of potential leukemogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Albertini
- University of Vermont, 111 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT 05401, United States
| | - Debra A Kaden
- Ramboll US Consulting, Inc., 101 Federal Street, Suite 1900, Boston, MA 02110, United States.
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Smith MT, Guyton KZ, Kleinstreuer N, Borrel A, Cardenas A, Chiu WA, Felsher DW, Gibbons CF, Goodson WH, Houck KA, Kane AB, La Merrill MA, Lebrec H, Lowe L, McHale CM, Minocherhomji S, Rieswijk L, Sandy MS, Sone H, Wang A, Zhang L, Zeise L, Fielden M. The Key Characteristics of Carcinogens: Relationship to the Hallmarks of Cancer, Relevant Biomarkers, and Assays to Measure Them. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1887-1903. [PMID: 32152214 PMCID: PMC7483401 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The key characteristics (KC) of human carcinogens provide a uniform approach to evaluating mechanistic evidence in cancer hazard identification. Refinements to the approach were requested by organizations and individuals applying the KCs. We assembled an expert committee with knowledge of carcinogenesis and experience in applying the KCs in cancer hazard identification. We leveraged this expertise and examined the literature to more clearly describe each KC, identify current and emerging assays and in vivo biomarkers that can be used to measure them, and make recommendations for future assay development. We found that the KCs are clearly distinct from the Hallmarks of Cancer, that interrelationships among the KCs can be leveraged to strengthen the KC approach (and an understanding of environmental carcinogenesis), and that the KC approach is applicable to the systematic evaluation of a broad range of potential cancer hazards in vivo and in vitro We identified gaps in coverage of the KCs by current assays. Future efforts should expand the breadth, specificity, and sensitivity of validated assays and biomarkers that can measure the 10 KCs. Refinement of the KC approach will enhance and accelerate carcinogen identification, a first step in cancer prevention.See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, "Environmental Carcinogenesis: Pathways to Prevention."
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyn T Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California.
| | - Kathryn Z Guyton
- Monographs Programme, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Nicole Kleinstreuer
- Division of Intramural Research, Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Alexandre Borrel
- Division of Intramural Research, Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Weihsueh A Chiu
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Dean W Felsher
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Catherine F Gibbons
- Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C
| | - William H Goodson
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California
| | - Keith A Houck
- Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Agnes B Kane
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Michele A La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Herve Lebrec
- Comparative Biology & Safety Sciences, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Getting to Know Cancer, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Cliona M McHale
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Sheroy Minocherhomji
- Comparative Biology & Safety Sciences, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Linda Rieswijk
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
- Institute of Data Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Martha S Sandy
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, California
| | - Hideko Sone
- Yokohama University of Pharmacy and National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Amy Wang
- Office of the Report on Carcinogens, Division of National Toxicology Program, The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Lauren Zeise
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, California
| | - Mark Fielden
- Expansion Therapeutics Inc, San Diego, California
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Qin HM, Herrera D, Liu DF, Chen CQ, Nersesyan A, Mišík M, Knasmueller S. Genotoxic properties of materials used for endoprostheses: Experimental and human data. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111707. [PMID: 32889016 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 2 million endoprostheses are implanted annually and metal ions as well as particles are released into the body from the materials which are used. This review describes the results of studies concerning genotoxic damage caused by artificial joints. DNA damage leads to various adverse long-term health effects in humans including cancer. Experiments with mammalian cells showed that metal ions and particles from orthopedic materials cause DNA damage. Induction of chromosomal aberrations (CA) was found in several in vitro experiments and in studies with rodents with metals from orthopedic materials. Human studies focused mainly on induction of CA (7 studies). Only few investigations (4) concerned sister chromatid exchanges, oxidative DNA damage (2) and micronucleus formation (1). CA are a reliable biomarker for increased cancer risks in humans) and were increased in all studies in patients with artificial joints. No firm conclusion can be drawn at present if the effects in humans are due to oxidative stress and if dissolved metal ions or release particles play a role. Our findings indicate that patients with artificial joints may have increased cancer risks due to damage of the genetic material. Future studies should be performed to identify safe materials and to study the molecular mechanisms in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Min Qin
- Hip Surgery of Orthopedic Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, 617000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Denise Herrera
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Borschkegasse 8A, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dian-Feng Liu
- Hip Surgery of Orthopedic Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, 617000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chao-Qian Chen
- Hip Surgery of Orthopedic Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, 617000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Borschkegasse 8A, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miroslav Mišík
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Borschkegasse 8A, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Knasmueller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Borschkegasse 8A, Vienna, Austria.
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F G, B H, A H, A N. Comparing Lymphocyte Radiosensitivity of Prostate Cancer Patients with Healthy Donors Using Micronuclei and Chemical Premature Chromosome Condensation Tests. J Biomed Phys Eng 2020; 10:411-420. [PMID: 32802789 PMCID: PMC7416091 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cytogenetic tests are usually used for diagnosing predisposed individuals to cancer by determining their lymphocyte radiosensitivity. Objective: To determine the potential role of radiosensitivity in predisposition of prostate cancer by comparing lymphocyte radiosensitivity of prostate cancer patients with healthy donors. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the blood samples of 10 prostate cancer patients and 10 healthy donors were irradiated to 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 Gy ionizing radiation produced by a 6MV Linac. One sample of each group receiving no radiation was regarded as the background. The micronuclei (MN) and chemical premature chromosome condensation (PCC) cytogenetic tests were performed on all samples and the numbers of MN and PCC rings were scored. Dose-response curves were plotted for both healthy and cancerous groups with two tests. Results: There was a significant difference between the numbers of MN within each group due to different levels of radiation doses. There was also a significant difference between the two groups in all identical doses, with the exception of 6 Gy. The chemical PCC test indicated a significant difference between the scored PCC rings in each group at doses higher than 0.25 Gy. However, no differences were noted between the healthy donors and prostate cancer patients receiving the same level of doses. Conclusion: MN test can be considered as a reliable indicator of predisposition of prostate cancer. On the other hand, the chemical PCC test could not differentiate between healthy donors and prostate cancer patients at the dose range examined in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golfam F
- PhD, MD, Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hashemi B
- PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Medical Physics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haeri A
- PhD, Assistant Professor, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikoofar A
- MD, Associate Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zahnreich S, Poplawski A, Hartel C, Eckhard LS, Galetzka D, Hankeln T, Löbrich M, Marron M, Mirsch J, Ritter S, Scholz-Kreisel P, Spix C, Schmidberger H. Spontaneous and Radiation-Induced Chromosome Aberrations in Primary Fibroblasts of Patients With Pediatric First and Second Neoplasms. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1338. [PMID: 32850427 PMCID: PMC7427586 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether former childhood cancer patients who developed a subsequent secondary primary neoplasm (SPN) are characterized by elevated spontaneous chromosomal instability or cellular and chromosomal radiation sensitivity as surrogate markers of compromised DNA repair compared to childhood cancer patients with a first primary neoplasm (FPN) only or tumor-free controls. Primary skin fibroblasts were obtained in a nested case-control study including 23 patients with a pediatric FPN, 22 matched patients with a pediatric FPN and an SPN, and 22 matched tumor-free donors. Clonogenic cell survival and cytogenetic aberrations in Giemsa-stained first metaphases were assessed after X-irradiation in G1 or on prematurely condensed chromosomes of cells irradiated and analyzed in G2. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was applied to investigate spontaneous transmissible aberrations in selected donors. No significant difference in clonogenic survival or the average yield of spontaneous or radiation-induced aberrations was found between the study populations. However, two donors with an SPN showed striking spontaneous chromosomal instability occurring as high rates of numerical and structural aberrations or non-clonal and clonal translocations. No correlation was found between radiation sensitivity and a susceptibility to a pediatric FPN or a treatment-associated SPN. Together, the results of this unique case-control study show genomic stability and normal radiation sensitivity in normal somatic cells of donors with an early and high intrinsic or therapy-associated tumor risk. These findings provide valuable information for future studies on the etiology of sporadic childhood cancer and therapy-related SPN as well as for the establishment of predictive biomarkers based on altered DNA repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Zahnreich
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alicia Poplawski
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carola Hartel
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lukas Stefan Eckhard
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Danuta Galetzka
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Hankeln
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Molecular Genetics and Genome Analysis, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Löbrich
- Radiation Biology and DNA Repair, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Manuela Marron
- Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiologic Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Johanna Mirsch
- Radiation Biology and DNA Repair, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sylvia Ritter
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Peter Scholz-Kreisel
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Claudia Spix
- German Childhood Cancer Registry, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heinz Schmidberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Scholten B, Vlaanderen J, Stierum R, Portengen L, Rothman N, Lan Q, Pronk A, Vermeulen R. A Quantitative Meta-Analysis of the Relation between Occupational Benzene Exposure and Biomarkers of Cytogenetic Damage. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:87004. [PMID: 32783535 PMCID: PMC7422719 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genotoxicity of benzene has been investigated in dozens of biomonitoring studies, mainly by studying (classical) chromosomal aberrations (CAs) or micronuclei (MN) as markers of DNA damage. Both have been shown to be predictive of future cancer risk in cohort studies and could, therefore, potentially be used for risk assessment of genotoxicity-mediated cancers. OBJECTIVES We sought to estimate an exposure-response curve (ERC) and quantify between-study heterogeneity using all available quantitative evidence on the cytogenetic effects of benzene exposure on CAs and MN respectively. METHODS We carried out a systematic literature review and summarized all available data of sufficient quality using meta-analyses. We assessed the heterogeneity in slope estimates between studies and conducted additional sensitivity analyses to assess how various study characteristics impacted the estimated ERC. RESULTS Sixteen CA (1,356 individuals) and 13 MN studies (2,097 individuals) were found to be eligible for inclusion in a meta-analysis. Studies where benzene was the primary genotoxic exposure and that had adequate assessment of both exposure and outcomes were used for the primary analysis. Estimated slope estimates were an increase of 0.27% CA [(95% CI: 0.08%, 0.47%); based on the results from 4 studies] and 0.27% MN [(95% CI: -0.23%, 0.76%); based on the results from 7 studies] per parts-per-million benzene exposure. We observed considerable between-study heterogeneity for both end points (I2>90%). DISCUSSION Our study provides a systematic, transparent, and quantitative summary of the literature describing the strong association between benzene exposure and accepted markers of genotoxicity in humans. The derived consensus slope can be used as a best estimate of the quantitative relationship between real-life benzene exposure and genetic damage in future risk assessment. We also quantitate the large between-study heterogeneity that exists in this literature, a factor which is crucial for the interpretation of single-study or consensus slopes. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6404.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernice Scholten
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Jelle Vlaanderen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rob Stierum
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Lützen Portengen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nat Rothman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Anjoeka Pronk
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Sestakova Z, Kalavska K, Smolkova B, Miskovska V, Rejlekova K, Sycova-Mila Z, Palacka P, Obertova J, Holickova A, Hurbanova L, Jurkovicova D, Roska J, Goffa E, Svetlovska D, Chovanec M, Mardiak J, Mego M, Chovanec M. DNA damage measured in blood cells predicts overall and progression-free survival in germ cell tumour patients. Mutat Res 2020; 854-855:503200. [PMID: 32660824 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Germ cell tumour (GCT) patients who fail to respond to chemotherapy or who relapse have a poor prognosis. Timely and accurately stratifying such patients could optimise their therapy. We identified endogenous DNA damage levels as a prognostic marker for progression-free (PFS) and overall (OS) survival in chemotherapy-naïve GCT patients. In the present study, we have extended our previous results and reviewed the prognostic power of DNA damage level in GCTs. Endogenous DNA damage levels were measured with the comet assay. Receiver operator characteristic analysis was applied to determine the optimal cut-off value and to evaluate its prognostic accuracy. PFS and OS were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Hazard ratio (HR) estimates were calculated by Cox regression analysis. A cut-off value of 6.34 provided the highest sensitivity and specificity, with area under curve values of 0.813 and 0.814 for disease progression and mortality, respectively. A % DNA in tail > 6.34 was significantly associated with shorter PFS (HR = 9.54, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 3.43-26.55, p < 0.001) and OS (HR = 14.62, 95 % CI: 3.14-67.95, p = 0.001) by univariate analysis. The prognostic value of DNA damage measurement was confirmed by multivariate models (HR = 6.45, 95 % CI: 2.22-18.75, p = 0.001 for PFS and HR = 9.40, 95 % CI: 1.70-52.09, p = 0.010 for OS), when HR was adjusted for relevant clinical categories. The added prognostic value of DNA damage in combination with International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) risk groups has been revealed. Endogenous DNA damage is an independent prognosticator for PFS and OS in GCT patients and its clinical use, particularly in combination with IGCCCG risk groups, may help in stratifying these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Sestakova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarina Kalavska
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Bozena Smolkova
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Vera Miskovska
- 1(st)Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarina Rejlekova
- Department of Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Sycova-Mila
- Department of Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Patrik Palacka
- Department of Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Obertova
- Department of Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrea Holickova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Lenka Hurbanova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Dana Jurkovicova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Roska
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Eduard Goffa
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Daniela Svetlovska
- Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Michal Chovanec
- Department of Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; 2(nd)Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jozef Mardiak
- Department of Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; 2(nd)Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Michal Mego
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; 2(nd)Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Miroslav Chovanec
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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48
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Zani C, Ceretti E, Zerbini I, Viola GCV, Donato F, Gelatti U, Feretti D. Comet Test in Saliva Leukocytes of Pre-School Children Exposed to Air Pollution in North Italy: The Respira Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3276. [PMID: 32397090 PMCID: PMC7246791 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a well-known problem for human health, especially for children living in highly polluted urban areas. This study aimed to assess the relationship between airborne pollutants concentration and biomarkers of DNA damage in the buccal mucosa cells of pre-school children. DNA damage was investigated with comet test in saliva leukocytes taken from sputum of 3- to 6-year-old children living in Brescia, Northern Italy, collected during two consecutive winter seasons (2012-2013). The daily levels of PM10, PM2.5, NO2, CO, SO2, benzene and O3 in urban air were collected for the whole period. A questionnaire filled in by the children's parents was used to evaluate indoor and outdoor exposure. DNA damage in saliva leukocytes was evaluated in 152 children and the means of tail intensity and visual score as DNA damage were 6.2 ± 4.3 and 182.1 ± 30.9, respectively. No demographic and indoor or outdoor exposure variable was associated with the two measures of DNA damage. No significant association between air pollution and DNA damage in children's buccal leukocytes was found. In this study, the comet assay does not appear to be a valuable biomarker to detect DNA damage in children exposed to high levels of air pollutants, such as PM10, PM2.5 and NO2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Donatella Feretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 11 Viale Europa, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (C.Z.); (E.C.); (I.Z.); (G.C.V.V.); (F.D.); (U.G.)
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49
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Cho YH, Kim YJ, Lee S, Joung KI, Chung HW, Kim S, Kim SY. Effects of the DNA repair inhibitors, cytosine arabinoside and 3-aminobenzamide, on the frequency of radiation-induced micronuclei, nuclear buds, and nucleoplasmic bridges. Genes Genomics 2020; 42:673-680. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-00934-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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50
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Furukawa S, Nagamatsu A, Nenoi M, Fujimori A, Kakinuma S, Katsube T, Wang B, Tsuruoka C, Shirai T, Nakamura AJ, Sakaue-Sawano A, Miyawaki A, Harada H, Kobayashi M, Kobayashi J, Kunieda T, Funayama T, Suzuki M, Miyamoto T, Hidema J, Yoshida Y, Takahashi A. Space Radiation Biology for "Living in Space". BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4703286. [PMID: 32337251 PMCID: PMC7168699 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4703286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Space travel has advanced significantly over the last six decades with astronauts spending up to 6 months at the International Space Station. Nonetheless, the living environment while in outer space is extremely challenging to astronauts. In particular, exposure to space radiation represents a serious potential long-term threat to the health of astronauts because the amount of radiation exposure accumulates during their time in space. Therefore, health risks associated with exposure to space radiation are an important topic in space travel, and characterizing space radiation in detail is essential for improving the safety of space missions. In the first part of this review, we provide an overview of the space radiation environment and briefly present current and future endeavors that monitor different space radiation environments. We then present research evaluating adverse biological effects caused by exposure to various space radiation environments and how these can be reduced. We especially consider the deleterious effects on cellular DNA and how cells activate DNA repair mechanisms. The latest technologies being developed, e.g., a fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator, to measure real-time cell cycle progression and DNA damage caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation are presented. Progress in examining the combined effects of microgravity and radiation to animals and plants are summarized, and our current understanding of the relationship between psychological stress and radiation is presented. Finally, we provide details about protective agents and the study of organisms that are highly resistant to radiation and how their biological mechanisms may aid developing novel technologies that alleviate biological damage caused by radiation. Future research that furthers our understanding of the effects of space radiation on human health will facilitate risk-mitigating strategies to enable long-term space and planetary exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Furukawa
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - Aiko Nagamatsu
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Nenoi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Akira Fujimori
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kakinuma
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Takanori Katsube
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Bing Wang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Chizuru Tsuruoka
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shirai
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Asako J. Nakamura
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1, Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
| | - Asako Sakaue-Sawano
- Lab for Cell Function and Dynamics, CBS, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyawaki
- Lab for Cell Function and Dynamics, CBS, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Harada
- Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Minoru Kobayashi
- Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Junya Kobayashi
- Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takekazu Kunieda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomoo Funayama
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, QST, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Michiyo Suzuki
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, QST, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Miyamoto
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Jun Hidema
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
- Division for the Establishment of Frontier Sciences of the Organization for Advanced Studies, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yukari Yoshida
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Akihisa Takahashi
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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