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Liu Y, Cheng Y, Xiang N, Wang Z, Li S, Gong L, Wang X. Aerobic exercise improves BK Ca channel-mediated vasodilation in diabetic vascular smooth muscle via AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Acta Diabetol 2024; 61:425-434. [PMID: 38041787 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02210-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise training on BKCa channel in diabetic vascular smooth muscle and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS Control m/m mice and diabetic db/db mice were randomly assigned to sedentary groups (W and D) and exercise training groups (WE and DE). Mice in exercise groups underwent training sessions lasting for 12 weeks, with a speed of 12 m/min for 60 min, five times per week. The thoracic aorta was extracted isolated and examined for measurement of vascular structure, global levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), vasodilation, and protein expression. Rat thoracic aorta vascular smooth muscle cells (USMCs) were cultured, and siRNA transfection was conducted to detect whether AMPK contributed to the regulation. ROS level and protein expression were measured. RESULTS Compared with control mice, diabetic mice had a larger vascular medium thickness, impaired BKCa-mediated vasodilation, a higher level of ROS, and a lower expression of BKCa α, BKCa β1, Nrf2, p-Nrf2, p-Nrf2/Nrf2, HO-1, and p-AMPK/AMPK. Exercise training increased the expression of BKCa α, Nrf2, p-Nrf2, p-Nrf2/Nrf2, HO-1, and p-AMPK/AMPK. AMPK deletion led to lower ROS levels and expression of BKCa α, β1, Nrf2, and HO-1 in USMCs cultured in high glucose conditions. CONCLUSIONS BKCa channel protein expression reduction in VSMCs contributes to vasodilation and vascular remodeling dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. Aerobic exercise can promote the expression of BKCa channel and improve BKCa-mediated vascular dysfunction in diabetic VSMCs through AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Liu
- Department of Physical Education, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yue Cheng
- Department of Physical Education, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Na Xiang
- Caoxian People's Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Li
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijing Gong
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingqi Wang
- Biomedical R&d Center, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Tongshan District, No. 101, Shanghai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Seecheran NA, Leyva Quert AY, Seecheran VK, Seecheran RV, Katwaroo A, Jagdeo CL, Rafeeq S, Ramcharan P, Peram L, Ramlal R, Ramlackhansingh A, Giddings S, Sandy S. Effectiveness and Safety of Left Distal Transradial Access in Coronary Procedures in the Caribbean. Cureus 2024; 16:e54601. [PMID: 38384868 PMCID: PMC10880138 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This retrospective study investigated the effectiveness and safety of left distal transradial access (LDTRA) in patients with cardiovascular disease in Trinidad undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHOD Procedural parameters, including technical success and safety outcomes such as vascular complications and radial artery occlusion (RAO), were assessed in 111 consecutive patients undergoing CAG or PCI from January 2023 to June 2023 at the Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Trinidad and Tobago. Eighty-eight patients underwent LDTRA, while 23 received left transradial access (LTRA). RESULTS There was no difference in procedural success with LDTRA compared to LTRA, 90.9% vs. 100%, p-value 0.202, non-significant (ns). LDTRA was associated with shorter fluoroscopy times (8.4 ± 6.8 minutes vs. 12.4 ± 7.7 minutes, p-value = 0.02), procedural duration (26.7 ± 18 minutes vs. 35.8 ± 20 minutes, p-value = 0.04), and hemostasis time (142 ± 41 minutes vs. 186 ± 44 minutes, p-value < 0.05). There were no significant differences in procedural-related complications (8% for LDTRA vs. 4.3% for LTRA, p-value = 0.476, ns). There were no reported cases of RAO. In the subgroup of patients with prior coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), the fluoroscopy and procedure times were similar for both access sites; however, LDTRA was associated with a shorter hemostasis time (128 ± 30 minutes vs. 194 ± 39 minutes, p-value = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS LDTRA is effective and safe for coronary procedures and is associated with a shorter hemostasis time. This study may prove clinically pertinent in a limited-resource Caribbean setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen A Seecheran
- Clinical Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, TTO
| | | | | | | | - Arun Katwaroo
- Internal Medicine, Trinidad Institute of Medical Technology, St. Augustine, TTO
| | - Cathy-Lee Jagdeo
- Cardiology, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Mt. Hope, TTO
| | - Salma Rafeeq
- Cardiology, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Mt. Hope, TTO
| | - Priya Ramcharan
- Cardiology, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Mt. Hope, TTO
| | | | - Ravi Ramlal
- Cardiology, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Mt. Hope, TTO
| | - Anil Ramlackhansingh
- Clinical Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, TTO
| | - Stanley Giddings
- Clinical Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, TTO
| | - Sherry Sandy
- Clinical Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, TTO
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Jeon KH, Jeong YH, Chae IH, Kim BK, Joo HJ, Chang K, Park Y, Song YB, Ahn SG, Lee SY, Cho JR, Her AY, Kim HS, Kim MH, Lim DS, Shin ES, Suh JW. Implication of diabetic status on platelet reactivity and clinical outcomes after drug-eluting stent implantation: results from the PTRG-DES consortium. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:245. [PMID: 37679760 PMCID: PMC10486029 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01976-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with thrombogenicity, clinically manifested with atherothrombotic events after percutaneous cutaneous intervention (PCI). This study aimed to investigate association between DM status and platelet reactivity, and their prognostic implication in PCI-treated patients. METHODS The Platelet function and genoType-Related long-term Prognosis-Platelet Function Test (PTRG-PFT) cohort was established to determine the linkage of platelet function test (PFT) with long-term prognosis during dual antiplatelet therapy including clopidogrel in patients treated with drug-eluting stent (DES). We assessed platelet reactivity using VerifyNow and 'high platelet reactivity (HPR)' was defined as ≥ 252 P2Y12 reaction unit (PRU). Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event (MACCE) was a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis or stroke. RESULTS Between July 2003 and Aug 2018, DES-treated patients with available PFT were enrolled (n = 11,714). Diabetic patients demonstrated significant higher levels of platelet reactivity (DM vs. non-DM: 225.7 ± 77.5 vs. 213.6 ± 79.1 PRU, P < 0.001) and greater prevalence of HPR compared to non-diabetic patients (38.1% vs. 32.0%, P < 0.001). PRU level and prevalence of HPR were significantly associated with insulin requirement and HbA1c level, as well as diabetic status. DM status and HPR phenotype had a similar prognostic implication, which showed the synergistic clinical impact on MACCE. Association between PRU level and MACCE occurrence seemed higher in diabetic vs. non-diabetic patients. In non-DM patients, HPR phenotype did not significantly increase the risk of MACCE (adjusted hazard ratio [HRadj]: 1.073; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.869-1.325; P = 0.511), whereas HPR was an independent determinant for MACCE occurrence among diabetic patients (HRadj: 1.507; 95% CI: 1.193-1.902; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The levels of on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity are determined by diabetic status and the severity of DM. In addition, HPR phenotype significantly increases the risk of MACCE only in diabetic patients. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov . Unique identifier: NCT04734028.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hyun Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Jeong
- CAU Thrombosis and Biomarker Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Gwangmyeong, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In-Ho Chae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Keuk Kim
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Joo
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kiyuk Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yongwhi Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Young Bin Song
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Gyun Ahn
- Department of Cardiology, Yonsei University Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Sang Yeub Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Gwangmyeong, South Korea
| | - Jung Rae Cho
- Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ae-Young Her
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Moo Hyun Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Do-Sun Lim
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Seok Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Jung-Won Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
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Seecheran NA, Rafeeq S, Maharaj N, Swarath S, Seecheran V, Seecheran R, Seebalack V, Jagdeo CL, Seemongal-Dass R, Quert AYL, Giddings S, Ramlackhansingh A, Sandy S, Motilal S, Seemongal-Dass R. Correlation of RETINAL Artery Diameter with Coronary Artery Disease: The RETINA CAD Pilot Study-Are the Eyes the Windows to the Heart? Cardiol Ther 2023; 12:499-509. [PMID: 37318673 PMCID: PMC10423171 DOI: 10.1007/s40119-023-00320-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to determine whether there was any correlation between coronary artery disease (CAD) and retinal artery diameter at an academic tertiary medical center in Trinidad and Tobago. METHODS This prospective study evaluated patients (n = 77) with recent invasive coronary angiography (CAG) and the Synergy between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) score who subsequently underwent optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A) at the Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex (EWMSC) from January 2021 to March 2021. Routine medical history and cardiovascular medications were also recorded. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to compare correlations and medians between groups. RESULTS The average patient age was 57.8 years old, with the majority being male [n = 55 (71.4%)] and of South Asian ethnicity [n = 53 (68.8%)]. Retinal artery diameter was negatively correlated with the SYNTAX score (-0.332 for the right eye, p = 0.003 and -0.237 for the left eye, p = 0.038). A statistically significant relationship was also demonstrated in females and diabetic patients. There were no serious adverse events (SAEs). CONCLUSION A significantly negative correlation was observed between retinal artery diameter and SYNTAX score. This study alludes to the practical use of optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A) as a noninvasive diagnostic modality for patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Further large-scale, multicentric studies are required to confirm these exploratory findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04233619.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Anand Seecheran
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, 2nd Floor, Building #67, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Mt. Hope, West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago.
| | - Salma Rafeeq
- Department of Medicine, North Central Regional Health Authority, Mt. Hope, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Nicole Maharaj
- Department of Medicine, North Central Regional Health Authority, Mt. Hope, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Steven Swarath
- Department of Medicine, North Central Regional Health Authority, Mt. Hope, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Valmiki Seecheran
- Department of Medicine, North Central Regional Health Authority, Mt. Hope, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Rajeev Seecheran
- Department of Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Wichita, KS, USA
| | - Victoria Seebalack
- Department of Medicine, North Central Regional Health Authority, Mt. Hope, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Cathy-Lee Jagdeo
- Department of Medicine, North Central Regional Health Authority, Mt. Hope, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Rajiv Seemongal-Dass
- Department of Medicine, North Central Regional Health Authority, Mt. Hope, Trinidad and Tobago
| | | | - Stanley Giddings
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Anil Ramlackhansingh
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Sherry Sandy
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Shastri Motilal
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Robin Seemongal-Dass
- Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
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Harnanan D, Parbhu S, Pran L, Baboolal I, Harnarayan P, Naraynsingh V, Seecheran N. Endovascular Revascularization and Outcomes of Critical Limb-Threatening Ischemia in Trinidad and Tobago: The EVENT Pilot Study-Challenges in a Limited-Resource, Caribbean Setting. Cardiol Ther 2023; 12:511-524. [PMID: 37329412 PMCID: PMC10423177 DOI: 10.1007/s40119-023-00322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This retrospective study investigated major adverse limb events (MALE) and mortality outcomes in critical limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) patients with tissue loss after an endovascular revascularization-first (EVR-1st) strategy. METHODS MALE and mortality were assessed in 157 consecutive patients with CLTI and tissue loss from June 2019 to June 2022 at the Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Trinidad and Tobago. RESULTS 157 patients underwent the EVR-1st strategy, of whom 20 were pivoted to immediate surgical revascularization (SR). Of the remaining 137 patients, successful EVR was achieved in 112, giving a procedural success of 82% and an all-comer overall success of 71%. The mortality and MALE rates were 2.7% and 8.9% at 2 years, respectively. Males and patients with previous major amputations were at significantly higher risk for MALE (p values of 0.016 and 0.018, respectively). There was a statistically significant difference in successful EVR for both Rutherford-Baker (RB) 5 (minor) and RB 6 (major) classifications: 63 (56%) vs. 5 (20%) and 49 (44%) vs. 20 (80%), both with a p value of 0.01. There were no differences in successful EVR amongst Wound, Ischemia, Foot Infection (WIfI) clinical stages. There were no differences in successful EVR amongst the Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC II) classifications. CONCLUSIONS This study may prove clinically informative and applicable for an EVR-1st management strategy for high-risk patients with CLTI in a limited-resource, Caribbean setting. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05547022 (retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Harnanan
- Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Sangeeta Parbhu
- Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Lemuel Pran
- Department of Surgery, North Central Regional Health Authority, Mount Hope, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Ilecia Baboolal
- Department of Surgery, North Central Regional Health Authority, Mount Hope, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Patrick Harnarayan
- Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Vijay Naraynsingh
- Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Naveen Seecheran
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, 2nd Floor, Building #67, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Mt. Hope, Trinidad and Tobago.
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Borovcanin MM, Vesic K, Petrovic I, Jovanovic IP, Mijailović NR. Diabetes mellitus type 2 as an underlying, comorbid or consequent state of mental disorders. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:481-493. [PMID: 37273248 PMCID: PMC10236997 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i5.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic disturbances that occur in parallel with psychiatric diseases are a major challenge in clinical practice. Various factors contribute to the development of mental and somatic disorders. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant health burden worldwide, and the prevalence of diabetes in adults is increasing. The comorbidity of diabetes and mental disorders is very common. By sharing a bidirectional link, both T2DM and mental disorders influence each other in various manners, but the exact mechanisms underlying this link are not yet elucidated. The potential mechanisms of both mental disorders and T2DM are related to immune and inflammatory system dysfunction, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and metabolic disturbances. Moreover, diabetes is also a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction that can range from subtle diabetes-associated cognitive decline to pre-dementia and dementia. A complex re-lationship between the gut and the brain also represents a new therapeutic approach since gut-brain signalling pathways regulate food intake and hepatic glucose production. The aim of this minireview is to summarize and present the latest data on mutual pathogenic pathways in these disorders, emphasizing their complexity and interweaving. We also focused on the cognitive performances and changes in neurodegenerative disorders. The importance of implementing integrated approaches in treating both of these states is highlighted, along with the need for individual therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica M Borovcanin
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34 000, Serbia
| | - Katarina Vesic
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34 000, Serbia
| | - Ivica Petrovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34 000, Serbia
| | - Ivan P Jovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34 000, Serbia
| | - Nataša R Mijailović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34 000, Serbia
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Razan MR, Amissi S, Islam RA, Graham JL, Stanhope KL, Havel PJ, Rahimian R. Moderate-Intensity Exercise Improves Mesenteric Arterial Function in Male UC Davis Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (UCD-T2DM) Rats: A Shift in the Relative Importance of Endothelium-Derived Relaxing Factors (EDRF). Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041129. [PMID: 37189747 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial cardiovascular effects of exercise are well documented, however the mechanisms by which exercise improves vascular function in diabetes are not fully understood. This study investigates whether there are (1) improvements in blood pressure and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation (EDV) and (2) alterations in the relative contribution of endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRF) in modulating mesenteric arterial reactivity in male UC Davis type-2 diabetes mellitus (UCD-T2DM) rats, following an 8-week moderate-intensity exercise (MIE) intervention. EDV to acetylcholine (ACh) was measured before and after exposure to pharmacological inhibitors. Contractile responses to phenylephrine and myogenic tone were determined. The arterial expressions of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX), and calcium-activated potassium channel (KCa) channels were also measured. T2DM significantly impaired EDV, increased contractile responses and myogenic tone. The impairment of EDV was accompanied by elevated NO and COX importance, whereas the contribution of prostanoid- and NO-independent (endothelium-derived hyperpolarization, EDH) relaxation was not apparent compared to controls. MIE 1) enhanced EDV, while it reduced contractile responses, myogenic tone and systolic blood pressure (SBP), and 2) caused a shift away from a reliance on COX toward a greater reliance on EDH in diabetic arteries. We provide the first evidence of the beneficial effects of MIE via the altered importance of EDRF in mesenteric arterial relaxation in male UCD-T2DM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rahatullah Razan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Said Amissi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Rifat Ara Islam
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - James L Graham
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Roshanak Rahimian
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
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Huang Y, Yue L, Qiu J, Gao M, Liu S, Wang J. Endothelial Dysfunction and Platelet Hyperactivation in Diabetic Complications Induced by Glycemic Variability. Horm Metab Res 2022; 54:419-428. [PMID: 35835141 PMCID: PMC9282943 DOI: 10.1055/a-1880-0978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The development and progression of the complications of chronic diabetes mellitus are attributed not only to increased blood glucose levels but also to glycemic variability. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the role of glycemic variability in the development of diabetic complications may provide more insight into targeted clinical treatment strategies in the future. Previously, the mechanisms implicated in glycemic variability-induced diabetic complications have been comprehensively discussed. However, endothelial dysfunction and platelet hyperactivation, which are two newly recognized critical pathogenic factors, have not been fully elucidated yet. In this review, we first evaluate the assessment of glycemic variability and then summarise the roles of endothelial dysfunction and platelet hyperactivation in glycemic variability-induced complications of diabetes, highlighting the molecular mechanisms involved and their interconnections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Huang
- Emergency Department, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Xiyuan
Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Long Yue
- Emergency Department, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Xiyuan
Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahuang Qiu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingshang Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University
Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing, China
- Correspondence Prof. Jingshang
Wang Capital Medical University Beijing Obstetrics and
Gynecology HospitalDepartment of Traditional Chinese
MedicineBeijingChina 18811213525
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Ali RI, Suliman AG, Abdelrahim A, Gameraddin M. A Triplex Ultrasound Evaluation of Preclinical Changes in Type 2 Diabetes in Foot Arteries. Cureus 2022; 14:e23119. [PMID: 35464526 PMCID: PMC9001877 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant health problem that is becoming more prevalent worldwide. This study aimed to assess hemodynamic and morphological parameters in diabetic patients' foot arteries and compare them to those obtained in asymptomatic control group. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional case-control study. B-mode ultrasound, color Doppler, and pulse wave Doppler were conducted to assess the dorsalis pedis arteries (DPAs) and posterior tibial arteries (PTAs). The morphological, total vascular diameter, wall thickness, and flow Doppler indices were measured. A total of 200 hundred participants were selected randomly using a random sampling technique. One hundred diabetic patients and 100 non-diabetic persons were determined. Results: In diabetic patients, the overall grayscale diameter and wall thickness of foot arteries were statistically significantly larger than the asymptomatic group in the right DPA (p<0.01), left DPA (p<0.001), right PTA (p<0.001), and left PTA (p<0.001). In the diabetic group, the level of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was positively correlated with blood flow resistive index (RI) in the right DPA (r=0.839; p<0.001), left DPA (r=0.801; p<0.001), right PTA (r=0.801; p<0.001), and left PTA (r=0.801; p<0.001). No significant differences were noted in both groups in blood flow Doppler parameters - pulsatility index (PI) and resistive index (RI). Conclusion: Overall grayscale diameters of foot arteries are larger in the diabetes group than in the control group, indicating arterial wall thickening as an early indicator of diabetes-related alterations. PI of both DPA and RI of right DPA were increased in diabetic patients more than the control group. The level of glycosylatedhemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was strongly linked with the blood flow resistive index in diabetes patients.
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Aiku AO, Adagbada EO, Ogbonna SN, Fasanmade AA. Cardiovascular Responses to Squatting Postural Stress among Non-Diabetic and Type-2 Diabetic Nigerian Black Africans. Niger Med J 2022; 63:35-42. [PMID: 38798967 PMCID: PMC11117036 DOI: 10.60787/nmj-63-1-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A change in posture brings about a significant alteration in cardiovascular functions. The squat test has been used to study autonomic function in White Europeans but not Black Africans. The aim of this study is to determine the cardiovascular effects of postural stress in Black African non-diabetics and Type-2 diabetics. Method Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) was measured in 40 non-diabetics and 40Type-2 diabetics in sitting, standing from sitting, squatting and standing from squatting positions Difference in BP and HR between consecutive positions was tested using 2- way mixed ANOVA. Proportions of those who showed orthostatic hypotension and hypertension were compared with Fishers exact test. Significance was set at p <0.05. mmHg Δ BP and HR changes evoked by standing from sitting were not different, however squatting evoked greater increase in BP in diabetics(change (Δ) SBP: 5.85±9.95 vs 17.40±13.75mmHg: Δ DBP: 0.15 ± 6.89 vs 5.10 ± 7.59 mmHg:Δ MABP:2.02 ± 6.98 vs 8.63 ± 9.34 mmHg ,p <0.05) and standing from squatting evoked greater fall BP in diabetics (ΔSBP: -9.80±13.89 vs -24.35±16.03 mmHg; Δ MABP:-2.02±6.98 vs -8.63±9.34 mmHg: Δ PP: -2.28 ±15.35 vs -14.50 ±11.96 mmHg, p < 0.05) while Δ HR did not differ. A higher proportion of diabetics showed SBP and DBP orthostatic hypertension. Conclusion Relative to the non-diabetics, diabetics showed greater BP but not HR responses to postural stress.
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11
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Przykaza Ł. Understanding the Connection Between Common Stroke Comorbidities, Their Associated Inflammation, and the Course of the Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Cascade. Front Immunol 2021; 12:782569. [PMID: 34868060 PMCID: PMC8634336 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.782569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the enormous progress in the understanding of the course of the ischemic stroke over the last few decades, a therapy that effectively protects neurovascular units (NVUs) and significantly improves neurological functions in stroke patients has still not been achieved. The reasons for this state are unclear, but it is obvious that the cerebral ischemia and reperfusion cascade is a highly complex phenomenon, which includes the intense neuroinflammatory processes, and comorbid stroke risk factors strongly worsen stroke outcomes and likely make a substantial contribution to the pathophysiology of the ischemia/reperfusion, enhancing difficulties in searching of successful treatment. Common concomitant stroke risk factors (arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia) strongly drive inflammatory processes during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion; because these factors are often present for a long time before a stroke, causing low-grade background inflammation in the brain, and already initially disrupting the proper functions of NVUs. Broad consideration of this situation in basic research may prove to be crucial for the success of future clinical trials of neuroprotection, vasculoprotection and immunomodulation in stroke. This review focuses on the mechanism by which coexisting common risk factors for stroke intertwine in cerebral ischemic/reperfusion cascade and the dysfunction and disintegration of NVUs through inflammatory processes, principally activation of pattern recognition receptors, alterations in the expression of adhesion molecules and the subsequent pathophysiological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Przykaza
- Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Neurosurgery, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Jia X, Sun C, Tanaka H, Rifai MA, Aguilar D, Ndumele C, Selvin E, Virani SS, Hoogeveen RC, Heiss G, Ballantyne CM, Nambi V. Association between circulating Galectin-3 and arterial stiffness in older adults. VASA 2021; 50:439-445. [PMID: 34346252 PMCID: PMC8620155 DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a000968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Galectin-3 (gal-3) is a β-galactoside-binding lectin associated tissue fibrosis and inflammation. There is limited understanding of the relationship between gal-3 and vascular health. Our aim was to assess the association between gal-3 and arterial stiffness in older adults. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 4275 participants (mean age of 75 years) from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Central arterial stiffness was measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). We evaluated the association of gal-3 with cfPWV using multivariable linear regression. Results: The median (interquartile range) gal-3 concentration was 16.5 (13.8, 19.8) ng/mL and mean cfPWV was 1163±303 cm/s. Higher gal-3 concentration was associated with greater central arterial stiffness after adjustment for age, sex, race-center, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, anti-hypertensive medication use, and current smoking status (β=36.4 cm/s change in cfPWV per log unit change in gal-3; 95% CI: 7.2, 65.5, p=0.015). The association was attenuated after adjusting for additional cardiovascular risk factors (β=17.3, 95% CI: -14.4, 49.0). Conclusions: In community-dwelling older adults, gal-3 concentration was associated with central arterial stiffness, likely sharing common pathways with traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - David Aguilar
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Salim S. Virani
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Gerardo Heiss
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Vijay Nambi
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX
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13
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Immuno-regenerative biomaterials for in situ cardiovascular tissue engineering - Do patient characteristics warrant precision engineering? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113960. [PMID: 34481036 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In situ tissue engineering using bioresorbable material implants - or scaffolds - that harness the patient's immune response while guiding neotissue formation at the site of implantation is emerging as a novel therapy to regenerate human tissues. For the cardiovascular system, the use of such implants, like blood vessels and heart valves, is gradually entering the stage of clinical translation. This opens up the question if and to what extent patient characteristics influence tissue outcomes, necessitating the precision engineering of scaffolds to guide patient-specific neo-tissue formation. Because of the current scarcity of human in vivo data, herein we review and evaluate in vitro and preclinical investigations to predict the potential role of patient-specific parameters like sex, age, ethnicity, hemodynamics, and a multifactorial disease profile, with special emphasis on their contribution to the inflammation-driven processes of in situ tissue engineering. We conclude that patient-specific conditions have a strong impact on key aspects of in situ cardiovascular tissue engineering, including inflammation, hemodynamic conditions, scaffold resorption, and tissue remodeling capacity, suggesting that a tailored approach may be required to engineer immuno-regenerative biomaterials for safe and predictive clinical applicability.
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14
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Horie K, Maeda H, Nanashima N, Oey I. Potential Vasculoprotective Effects of Blackcurrant ( Ribes nigrum) Extract in Diabetic KK-A y Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216459. [PMID: 34770868 PMCID: PMC8587626 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are bioactive compounds found naturally in fruits and vegetables; they are widely used in disease prevention and health maintenance. Polyphenol-rich blackcurrant extract (BCE) exerts beneficial effects on vascular health in menopausal model animals. However, the vasculoprotective effects in diabetes mellitus (DM) and atherosclerotic vascular disease secondary to DM are unknown. Therefore, we investigated whether BCE is effective in preventing atherosclerosis using KK-Ay mice as a diabetes model. The mice were divided into three groups and fed a high-fat diet supplemented with 1% BCE (BCE1), 3% BCE (BCE2), or Control for 9 weeks. The mice in the BCE2 group showed a considerable reduction in the disturbance of elastic lamina, foam cell formation, and vascular remodeling compared to those in the BCE1 and Control groups. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that the score of endothelial nitric oxide synthase staining intensity was significantly higher in both BCE2 (2.9) and BCE1 (1.9) compared to that in the Control (1.1). Furthermore, the score for the percentage of alpha-smooth muscle actin was significantly lower in the BCE2 (2.9%) than in the Control (2.1%). Our results suggest that the intake of anthocyanin-rich BCE could have beneficial effects on the blood vessels of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Horie
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki 036-8564, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-172-39-5527
| | - Hayato Maeda
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan;
| | - Naoki Nanashima
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki 036-8564, Japan;
| | - Indrawati Oey
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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15
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Ethanolic Extract of Centella asiatica Treatment in the Early Stage of Hyperglycemia Condition Inhibits Glomerular Injury and Vascular Remodeling in Diabetic Rat Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6671130. [PMID: 34326888 PMCID: PMC8277496 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6671130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is marked by oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction that caused diabetic nephropathy that resulted in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Vascular dysfunction is characterized by an imbalance in vasoconstrictor and vasodilator agents which underlies the mechanism of vascular injury in DM. Additionally, diminished podocytes correlate with the severity of kidney injury. Podocyturia often precedes proteinuria in several kidney diseases, including diabetic kidney disease. Centella asiatica (CeA) is known as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant and has neuroprotective effects. This research aimed to investigate the potential effect of CeA to inhibit glomerular injury and vascular remodeling in DM. Methods The DM rat model was induced through intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 60 mg/kg body weight (BW), and then rats were divided into 1-month DM (DM1, n = 5), 2-month DM (DM2, n = 5), early DM concurrent with CeA treatment for 2 months (DMC2, n = 5), and 1-month DM treated with CeA for 1-month (DM1C1, n = 5). The CeA (400 mg/kg BW) was given daily via oral gavage. The control group (Control, n = 5) was maintained for 2 months. Finally, rats were euthanized and kidneys were harvested to assess vascular remodeling using Sirius Red staining and the mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase, podocytes marker, ACE2, eNOS, and ppET-1 using RT-PCR. Results The DM groups demonstrated significant elevation of glucose level, glomerulosclerosis, and proteinuria. A significant reduction of SOD1 and SOD3 promotes the downregulation of nephrin and upregulation of TRPC6 mRNA expressions in rat glomerular kidney. Besides, this condition enhanced ppET-1 and inhibited eNOS and ACE2 mRNA expressions that lead to the development of vascular remodeling marked by an increase of wall thickness, and lumen wall area ratio (LWAR). Treatment of CeA, especially the DMC2 group, attenuated glomerular injury and showed the reversal of induced conditions. Conclusions Centella asiatica treatment at the early stage of diabetes mellitus ameliorates glomerulosclerosis and vascular injury via increasing antioxidant enzymes.
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Gerardi G, Cavia-Saiz M, Muñiz P. From winery by-product to healthy product: bioavailability, redox signaling and oxidative stress modulation by wine pomace product. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7427-7448. [PMID: 33951976 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1914542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The wine pomace is the main winery by-products that suppose an economic and environmental problem and their use as a functional ingredient are being increasingly recognized as a good and inexpensive source of bioactive compounds. In this sense, it is known the potential health properties of wine pomace products in the prevention of disorders associated with oxidative stress and inflammation such as endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, hyperglycemia, diabetes, obesity. Those effects are due to the bioactive compounds of wine pomace and the mechanisms concern especially modulation of antioxidant/prooxidant activity, improvement of nitric oxide bioavailability, reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and modulation of antioxidant/inflammatory signal pathways. This review mainly summarizes the mechanisms of wine pomace products as modulators of oxidative status involved in cell pathologies as well as their potential therapeutic use for cardiovascular diseases. For this purpose, the review provides an overview of the findings related to the wine pomace bioactive compounds profile, their bioavailability and the action mechanisms for maintaining the redox cell balance involved in health benefits. The review suggests an important role for wine pomace product in cardiovascular diseases prevention and their regular food intake may attenuate the development and progression of comorbidities associated with cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Gerardi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Mónica Cavia-Saiz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Pilar Muñiz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
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Damian I, Nicoară SD. Correlations between Retinal Arterial Morphometric Parameters and Neurodegeneration in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with No or Mild Diabetic Retinopathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57030244. [PMID: 33807881 PMCID: PMC8002138 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57030244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: In patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), the neural retina is starting to degenerate before the development of vascular lesions. Our purpose was to investigate the correlation between the retinal arterial morphometric parameters and structural neurodegeneration in patients with type 2 DM with no or mild diabetic retinopathy (DR). Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study including 53 eyes of patients with type 2 DM and 32 eyes of healthy controls. Based on SD-OCT (spectral domain—optical coherence tomography) images, using a micro-densitometry method, we measured the outer and luminal diameter of retinal arteries and calculated the AWT (arterial wall thickness), WLR (wall-to-lumen ratio), and WCSA (wall cross-sectional area). GCL (ganglion cell layer) and RNFL (retinal nerve fiber layer) thickness were analyzed in correlation with the retinal arterial morphometric parameters mentioned above. Results: GCL was thinner in the inner quadrants in the NDR (no DR) group compared to controls (p < 0.05). RAOD (retinal artery outer diameter), RALD (retinal artery lumen diameter), AWT, WLR, and WCSA were similar between groups. A regression model considering age, gender, duration of DM, and HbA1C was carried out. Central GCL thickness was correlated positively with RAOD (coefficient 0.360 per µm, p = 0.011), RALD (coefficient 0.283 per µm, p = 0.050), AWT (coefficient 0.304 per µm, p = 0.029), and WCSA (coefficient 3.90 per µm, p = 0.005). Duration of DM was positively correlated with WCSA (coefficient 0.311 per one year duration of diabetes, p = 0.043). Conclusions: Significant GCL thinning in the inner quadrants preceded the morphological retinal arterial morphometric changes, supporting the neurodegeneration as primary pathogenic mechanism in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Damian
- Department of Ophthalmology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 V. Babes str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Medical Doctoral School, University of Oradea, 1 Universitatii Str., 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Simona Delia Nicoară
- Department of Ophthalmology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 V. Babes str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emergency County Hospital Cluj, 3–5 Clinicilor Str., 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: or
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18
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Soleimanzad H, Montaner M, Ternier G, Lemitre M, Silvestre JS, Kassis N, Giacobini P, Magnan C, Pain F, Gurden H. Obesity in Midlife Hampers Resting and Sensory-Evoked Cerebral Blood Flow in Mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:150-158. [PMID: 33174382 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) and aging on resting and activity-dependent cerebral blood flow (CBF). METHODS To run a comparison between obese and age-matched control animals, 6-week-old mice were fed either with regular chow or an HFD for 3 months or 8 months. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were assessed for metabolic phenotyping. Resting and odor-evoked CBF at the microvascular scale in the olfactory bulb (OB) was investigated by multiexposure speckle imaging. Immunolabeling-enabled imaging of solvent-cleared organs was used to analyze vascular density. The ejection fraction was studied by using cardioechography. Olfactory sensitivity was tested by using a buried-food test. RESULTS Glucose intolerance and compromised odor-evoked CBF were observed in obese mice in the younger group. Prolonged HFD feeding triggered insulin resistance and stronger impairment in activity-dependent CBF. Aging had a specific negative impact on resting CBF. There was no decrease in vascular density in the OB of obese mice, although cardiac function was impaired at both ages. In addition, decreased olfactory sensitivity was observed only in the older, middle-aged obese mice. CONCLUSIONS OB microvasculature in obese mice showed a specific functional feature characterized by impaired sensory-evoked CBF and a specific deleterious effect of aging on resting CBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Soleimanzad
- Université de Paris, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Mireia Montaner
- Université de Paris, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Gaëtan Ternier
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Mathilde Lemitre
- Université de Paris, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Nadim Kassis
- Université de Paris, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Paolo Giacobini
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Magnan
- Université de Paris, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Pain
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Palaiseau, France
| | - Hirac Gurden
- Université de Paris, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, Paris, France
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19
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Shi X, He L, Zhang SM, Luo J. Human iPS Cell-derived Tissue Engineered Vascular Graft: Recent Advances and Future Directions. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 17:862-877. [PMID: 33230612 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10091-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) generated from human primary cells represent a promising vascular interventional therapy. However, generation and application of these TEVGs may be significantly hindered by the limited accessibility, finite expandability, donor-donor functional variation and immune-incompatibility of primary seed cells from donors. Alternatively, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer an infinite source to obtain functional vascular cells in large quantity and comparable quality for TEVG construction. To date, TEVGs (hiPSC-TEVGs) with significant mechanical strength and implantability have been generated using hiPSC-derived seed cells. Despite being in its incipient stage, this emerging field of hiPSC-TEVG research has achieved significant progress and presented promising future potential. Meanwhile, a series of challenges pertaining hiPSC differentiation, vascular tissue engineering technologies and future production and application await to be addressed. Herein, we have composed this review to introduce progress in TEVG generation using hiPSCs, summarize the current major challenges, and encapsulate the future directions of research on hiPSC-based TEVGs. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine , Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 752, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Lile He
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Shang-Min Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, 06520, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jiesi Luo
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine , Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 752, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA. .,Yale Stem Cell Center, 06520, New Haven, CT, USA.
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20
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Triposkiadis F, Xanthopoulos A, Parissis J, Butler J, Farmakis D. Pathogenesis of chronic heart failure: cardiovascular aging, risk factors, comorbidities, and disease modifiers. Heart Fail Rev 2020; 27:337-344. [DOI: 10.1007/s10741-020-09987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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21
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Luo J, Qin L, Zhao L, Gui L, Ellis MW, Huang Y, Kural MH, Clark JA, Ono S, Wang J, Yuan Y, Zhang SM, Cong X, Li G, Riaz M, Lopez C, Hotta A, Campbell S, Tellides G, Dardik A, Niklason LE, Qyang Y. Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts with Advanced Mechanical Strength from Human iPSCs. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:251-261.e8. [PMID: 31956039 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) can be derived in large numbers from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) for producing tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs). However, hiPSC-derived TEVGs are hampered by low mechanical strength and significant radial dilation after implantation. Here, we report generation of hiPSC-derived TEVGs with mechanical strength comparable to native vessels used in arterial bypass grafts by utilizing biodegradable scaffolds, incremental pulsatile stretching, and optimal culture conditions. Following implantation into a rat aortic model, hiPSC-derived TEVGs show excellent patency without luminal dilation and effectively maintain mechanical and contractile function. This study provides a foundation for future production of non-immunogenic, cellularized hiPSC-derived TEVGs composed of allogenic vascular cells, potentially serving needs to a considerable number of patients whose dysfunctional vascular cells preclude TEVG generation via other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiesi Luo
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Lingfeng Qin
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Liping Zhao
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Liqiong Gui
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Matthew W Ellis
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Yan Huang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mehmet H Kural
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - J Alexander Clark
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Shun Ono
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Juan Wang
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Yifan Yuan
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Shang-Min Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xiaoqiang Cong
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Cardiology, Bethune First Hospital of Jilin University, ChangChun 130021, China
| | - Guangxin Li
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Colleen Lopez
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Akitsu Hotta
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Stuart Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - George Tellides
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Alan Dardik
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Laura E Niklason
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Yibing Qyang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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22
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Kwon J, Lim CY, Kim M. Uncontrolled Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients with High Medication Adherence: A Korean Nationwide Population-Based Study. Korean J Fam Med 2020; 41:28-37. [PMID: 31910610 PMCID: PMC6987023 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.19.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) is relatively common despite treatment with antihypertensive medication. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with uncontrolled systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) separately in hypertensive patients with high medication adherence in Korea. Methods This population-based cross-sectional study included 3,236 participants in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2013 to 2015. Hypertensive patients with high medication adherence were defined when they stated that they were taking antihypertensive medication daily. “Uncontrolled SBP and DBP” were defined as SBP ≥140 mm Hg and DBP ≥90 mm Hg, respectively. Data were analyzed using logistic regression to determine the association between uncontrolled SBP or DBP and various factors. Results The prevalence of uncontrolled SBP and uncontrolled DBP was 23.3%, and 9.0%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, uncontrolled SBP was positively associated with older age, female sex, blue-collar occupation or no work (vs. white-collar), presence of a spouse, short sleep duration, frequent heavy alcohol drinking, longer hypertension duration, diabetes, stroke, and missing antihypertensive medication on the examination day, but negatively associated with high stress. Uncontrolled DBP was positively associated with frequent heavy alcohol drinking, but negatively associated with older age, blue-collar occupation or no work (vs. white-collar), and diabetes. Conclusion After excluding low medication adherence, we identified various factors associated with uncontrolled SBP or DBP in Korean adults with treated hypertension. There were differences between factors associated with uncontrolled SBP or DBP. Separate analysis of SBP and DBP may help understand the factors involved in BP control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Hongik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chi-Yeon Lim
- Department of Biostatistics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Minkyeong Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Hongik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Cong X, Zhang SM, Batty L, Luo J. Application of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Generating Tissue-Engineered Blood Vessels as Vascular Grafts. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:1581-1594. [PMID: 31663439 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In pace with the advancement of tissue engineering during recent decades, tissue-engineered blood vessels (TEBVs) have been generated using primary seed cells, and their impressive success in clinical trials have demonstrated the great potential of these TEBVs as implantable vascular grafts in human regenerative medicine. However, the production, therapeutic efficacy, and readiness in emergencies of current TEBVs could be hindered by the accessibility, expandability, and donor-donor variation of patient-specific primary seed cells. Alternatively, using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to derive seed vascular cells for vascular tissue engineering could fundamentally address this current dilemma in TEBV production. As an emerging research field with a promising future, the generation of hiPSC-based TEBVs has been reported recently with significant progress. Simultaneously, to further promote hiPSC-based TEBVs into vascular grafts for clinical use, several challenges related to the safety, readiness, and structural integrity of vascular tissue need to be addressed. Herein, this review will focus on the evolution and role of hiPSCs in vascular tissue engineering technology and summarize the current progress, challenges, and future directions of research on hiPSC-based TEBVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Cong
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Cardiology, Bethune First Hospital of Jilin University, ChangChun, China
| | - Shang-Min Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Luke Batty
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jiesi Luo
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale Stem Cell Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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24
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Do VQ, Park KH, Seo YS, Park JM, Kim B, Kim SK, Sung JH, Lee MY. Inhalation exposure to cigarette smoke induces endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling and enhances vascular collagen deposition in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 136:110988. [PMID: 31759066 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is an acknowledged risk factor for vascular disorders, and vascular complication is a main outcome of diabetes. Hence, we investigated the impact of cigarette smoke on blood vessels in diabetes, postulating that smoking might aggravate diabetic vascular impairment. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control, cigarette smoke-exposed, diabetic, and cigarette smoke-exposed diabetic groups. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were exposed to cigarette smoke by inhalation at total particulate matter concentration of 200 μg/L for 4 h/day, 5 day/week for a total of 4 weeks. Diabetes caused structural change of aorta, but additional cigarette smoke exposure did not induce further alteration. Collagen, a marker for fibrosis, was increased in media of diabetic aorta, and this increase was augmented by cigarette smoke. Cigarette smoke induced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling in the diabetic group. Malondialdehyde was increased and glutathione was decreased in blood from diabetes, but these effects were not exaggerated by cigarette smoke. Cigarette smoke caused NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2 expression in diabetic aorta and enhanced diabetes-induced NOX4 expression in aorta. Taken together, cigarette smoke exposure can aggravate vascular fibrosis and induce eNOS uncoupling in diabetes under experimental condition, suggesting that smoking might exacerbate diabetic vascular impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Quan Do
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyum Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyuck Sung
- Bio Technology Division, Korea Conformity Laboratories, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Yeol Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Mangialardi G, Ferland-McCollough D, Maselli D, Santopaolo M, Cordaro A, Spinetti G, Sambataro M, Sullivan N, Blom A, Madeddu P. Bone marrow pericyte dysfunction in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2019; 62:1275-1290. [PMID: 31001672 PMCID: PMC6560025 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4865-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Previous studies have shown that diabetes mellitus destabilises the integrity of the microvasculature in different organs by damaging the interaction between pericytes and endothelial cells. In bone marrow, pericytes exert trophic functions on endothelial cells and haematopoietic cells through paracrine mechanisms. However, whether bone marrow pericytes are a target of diabetes-induced damage remains unknown. Here, we investigated whether type 2 diabetes can affect the abundance and function of bone marrow pericytes. METHODS We conducted an observational clinical study comparing the abundance and molecular/functional characteristics of CD146+ pericytes isolated from the bone marrow of 25 individuals without diabetes and 14 individuals with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes, referring to our Musculoskeletal Research Unit for hip reconstructive surgery. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry revealed that diabetes causes capillary rarefaction and compression of arteriole size in bone marrow, without changing CD146+ pericyte counts. These data were confirmed by flow cytometry on freshly isolated bone marrow cells. We then performed an extensive functional and molecular characterisation of immunosorted CD146+ pericytes. Type 2 diabetes caused a reduction in pericyte proliferation, viability, migration and capacity to support in vitro angiogenesis, while inducing apoptosis. AKT is a key regulator of the above functions and its phosphorylation state is reportedly reduced in the bone marrow endothelium of individuals with diabetes. Surprisingly, we could not find a difference in AKT phosphorylation (at either Ser473 or Thr308) in bone marrow pericytes from individuals with and without diabetes. Nonetheless, the angiocrine signalling reportedly associated with AKT was found to be significantly downregulated, with lower levels of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), and activation of the angiogenesis inhibitor angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2). Transfection with the adenoviral vector carrying the coding sequence for constitutively active myristoylated AKT rescued functional defects and angiocrine signalling in bone marrow pericytes from diabetic individuals. Furthermore, an ANGPT2 blocking antibody restored the capacity of pericytes to promote endothelial networking. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This is the first demonstration of pericyte dysfunction in bone marrow of people with type 2 diabetes. An altered angiocrine signalling from pericytes may participate in bone marrow microvascular remodelling in individuals with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mangialardi
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - David Ferland-McCollough
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Davide Maselli
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
- IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marianna Santopaolo
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Andrea Cordaro
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | | | - Maria Sambataro
- Department of Specialized Medicines, Endocrine, Metabolic and Nutrition Diseases Unit, Santa Maria of Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Niall Sullivan
- Muscloskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ashley Blom
- Muscloskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
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26
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Cai W, Zhang J, Yang J, Fan Z, Liu X, Gao W, Zeng P, Xiong M, Ma C, Yang J. MicroRNA-24 attenuates vascular remodeling in diabetic rats through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:621-632. [PMID: 31005375 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The vascular remodeling plays a crucial role in pathogenesis of diabetic cardiovascular complications. In this study, we intended to explore the effects and potential mechanisms of microRNA-24 (miR-24) on vascular remodeling under diabetic conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS MiR-24 recombinant adenovirus (Ad-miR-24-GFP) was used to induce miR-24 overexpression either in carotid arteries or high glucose (HG)-induced vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Cell proliferation was analyzed using CCK-8 method. Cell migration was examined using wound-healing and transwell assay. mRNA and protein expressions of critical factors were, respectively, measured by real-time PCR and western blot as follows: qRT-PCR for the levels of miR-24, PIK3R1; western blot for the protein levels of PI3K (p85α), Akt, p-Akt, mTOR, p-mTOR, 4E-BP1, p-4E-BP1, p70s6k, p-p70s6k, MMP 2, MMP 9, collagen Ⅰ, as well as collagen Ⅲ. Carotid arteries in diabetic rats suffered balloon injury were harvested and examined by HE, immunohistochemical and Masson trichrome staining. The expression of miR-24 was decreased in HG-stimulated VSMCs and balloon-injured carotid arteries of diabetic rats, accompanied by increased mRNA expression of PIK3R1. The up-regulation of miR-24 suppressed VSMCs proliferation, migration, collagen deposition not only induced by HG in vitro, but also in balloon-injured diabetic rats, which were related to inactivation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The up-regulation of miR-24 significantly attenuated vascular remodeling both in balloon-injured diabetic rats and HG-stimulated VSMCs via suppression of proliferation, migration and collagen deposition by acting on PIK3R1 gene that modulated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carotid Arteries/enzymology
- Carotid Arteries/pathology
- Carotid Artery Injuries/enzymology
- Carotid Artery Injuries/genetics
- Carotid Artery Injuries/pathology
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Fibrillar Collagens/metabolism
- Male
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Neointima
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Vascular Remodeling
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Affiliation(s)
- W Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443003, China; Department of Central Experimental Laboratory, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443003, China; Yichang Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Translational Medicine, China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443003, China; Department of Central Experimental Laboratory, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443003, China
| | - J Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443003, China
| | - Z Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443003, China
| | - X Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443003, China; Department of Central Experimental Laboratory, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443003, China
| | - W Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443003, China; Department of Central Experimental Laboratory, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443003, China
| | - P Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443003, China; Department of Central Experimental Laboratory, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443003, China
| | - M Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443003, China; Department of Central Experimental Laboratory, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443003, China
| | - C Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443003, China; Department of Central Experimental Laboratory, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443003, China
| | - J Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443003, China; Department of Central Experimental Laboratory, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443003, China.
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27
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Effects of dietary glutamine supplementation on immune cell polarization and muscle regeneration in diabetic mice with limb ischemia. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:921-933. [PMID: 31062080 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-01951-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetes is a chronic inflammatory disorder resulting in endothelial dysfunction which contributes to peripheral arterial disease and limb ischemia. Leukocytes play critical roles in vascular and tissue remodelling after ischemia. This study investigated the effects of dietary glutamine (GLN) supplementation on immune cell polarization in diabetic mice subjected to limb ischemia. METHODS Diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin for 5 consecutive days in C57BL/6J mice. Diabetic mice were fed the AIN-93 diet or an AIN-93 diet in which a part of the casein was replaced by GLN. After 3 weeks of the dietary intervention, mice were subjected to unilateral femoral artery ligation to induce limb ischemia. RESULTS GLN supplementation enhanced the proportion of anti-inflammatory monocytes and regulatory T cells in the blood. Expression of C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 by activated CD4+ T cells was promoted and prolonged in the GLN-supplemented group. GLN downregulated the percentage of M1 macrophages in muscle tissues which was correlated with lower levels of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 in plasma. The muscle M1/M2 ratio was also reduced in the GLN group. Gene expression of interleukin-6 was suppressed by GLN supplementation, while expression levels of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and myogenic differentiation 1 genes were elevated in post-ischemic muscles. Histological findings also indicated that muscle regeneration was accelerated in the GLN group. CONCLUSIONS GLN supplementation in diabetic mice may exert more-balanced polarization of CD4+ T cells, monocytes, and macrophages, thus attenuating inflammatory responses and contributing to muscle regeneration after limb ischemia.
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Girard P, Sourdet S, Cantet C, de Souto Barreto P, Rolland Y. Acetaminophen Safety: Risk of Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in Nursing Home Residents, a Prospective Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2019; 67:1240-1247. [PMID: 30912588 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.15861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetaminophen is the most widely used analgesic today. A recent systematic review found increased adverse events and mortality at therapeutic dosage. Our aim was to challenge these results in a large sample of older adults living in nursing homes (NHs). DESIGN Prospective study using data from the Impact of Educational and Professional Supportive Interventions on Nursing Home Quality Indicators project (IQUARE), a multicenter, individually tailored, nonrandomized controlled trial in NHs across southwestern France. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS We studied data from 5429 participants living in 175 NHs (average age, 86.1 ± 8.1 years; 73.9% women). MEASUREMENTS All prescriptions obtained at baseline were analyzed by a pharmacist for acetaminophen use as stand-alone or associated. Myocardial infarction (MI) and strokes were reported from participants' medical records at 18-month follow-up. Dates of death were obtained. Data collection was done through an online questionnaire at baseline and at 18 months by NH staff. Analyses were realized in our total population and a population matched on propensity score of acetaminophen intake. Six models were run for each outcome. RESULTS A total of 2239 participants were taking, on average, 2352 ± 993 mg of acetaminophen daily. Results for mortality were: hazard ratio (HR) = 0.97 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.86-1.10). No associations between acetaminophen intake and the risk of mortality or MI were found. In one of our models, acetaminophen intake was associated with a significant increased risk of stroke in diabetic subjects (OR = 3.19; 95% CI = 1.25-8.18; P = .0157). [Correction added March 16, 2019, after first publication online. In the previous sentence, "HR" was mistakenly used instead of "OR".] CONCLUSION: Despite old age, polypharmacy, and polymorbidity, acetaminophen was found safe for most, but not all, of our NH study population. Pain management in NHs is a health priority, and acetaminophen remains a good therapeutic choice as a first-line analgesic. More studies are needed on older diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Girard
- Gérontopôle, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Sourdet
- Gérontopôle, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Inserm unité mixte de recherche 1027, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Christelle Cantet
- Gérontopôle, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Inserm unité mixte de recherche 1027, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Philipe de Souto Barreto
- Gérontopôle, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Inserm unité mixte de recherche 1027, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Rolland
- Gérontopôle, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Inserm unité mixte de recherche 1027, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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29
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Alonso-Domínguez R, Recio-Rodríguez JI, Patino-Alonso MC, Sánchez-Aguadero N, García-Ortiz L, Gómez-Marcos MA. Acute effect of healthy walking on arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes and differences by age and sex: a pre-post intervention study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:56. [PMID: 30849947 PMCID: PMC6408776 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-1039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daily aerobic exercise such as healthy walking could have an immediate effect on parameters of arterial stiffness; however, there is little evidence in the diabetic population. Our aim, therefore, is to evaluate the association between healthy walking and acute effects on the parameters of arterial stiffness in subjects with type 2 diabetes. METHODS The Effectiveness of a multifactorial intervention in diabetics study (EMID), is a study based on an application for smartphones, healthy walking and a nutritional workshop in patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care, is a randomized controlled trial of two parallel groups. This is a subanalysis of the intervention group to evaluate the response to the healthy walking according to age and sex, in 89 subjects with type 2 diabetes, aged between 40 and 70 years. The intervention was a 4 km of a healthy walking at low-moderate intensity. To value our aim, the main study variables were measured before and after it. RESULTS The study population had an average age of 65.0 years (61.2-68.1). After the healthy walking, there was a decrease in the parameters of arterial stiffness: Cardio ankle vascular index (CAVI) of - 0.2 (95%CI:-0.4 to - 0.1) and pulse pressure (PP) of the lower extremities of - 3.9 mmHg (95%CI: -5.9 to - 2.0). Furthermore, in the lower extremities there was a decrease in systolic blood pressure of - 5.3 mmHg (95% CI: -7.3 mmHg to - 3.3 mmHg), in diastolic blood pressure of - 1.5 mmHg (95% CI: -2.6 mmHg to - 0.4 mmHg) (p < 0.05 for all). It is observed that males have an OR of 2.981 (IC = 95% 1.095 to 8.119) to achieve a reduction in the CAVI (p < 0.05) and an OR of 2.433 (95%CI: 0.871 to 6.794) in the ankle PP (p > 0.05), compared with females. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that daily aerobic exercise at a low to moderate intensity, such as healthy walking, has an immediate beneficial effect on the cardio-ankle vascular index, especially in males. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02991079 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Alonso-Domínguez
- The Alamedilla Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Primary Health Care Research Unit, La Alamedilla Health Center, Salamanca, Spain. .,Health Service of Castilla y León (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain. .,Spanish Network for Preventive Activities and Health Promotion (redIAPP), Salamanca, Spain. .,, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - José I Recio-Rodríguez
- The Alamedilla Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Primary Health Care Research Unit, La Alamedilla Health Center, Salamanca, Spain.,Spanish Network for Preventive Activities and Health Promotion (redIAPP), Salamanca, Spain.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Maria C Patino-Alonso
- The Alamedilla Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Primary Health Care Research Unit, La Alamedilla Health Center, Salamanca, Spain.,Spanish Network for Preventive Activities and Health Promotion (redIAPP), Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Statistics, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Natalia Sánchez-Aguadero
- The Alamedilla Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Primary Health Care Research Unit, La Alamedilla Health Center, Salamanca, Spain.,Health Service of Castilla y León (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain.,Spanish Network for Preventive Activities and Health Promotion (redIAPP), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis García-Ortiz
- The Alamedilla Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Primary Health Care Research Unit, La Alamedilla Health Center, Salamanca, Spain.,Health Service of Castilla y León (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain.,Spanish Network for Preventive Activities and Health Promotion (redIAPP), Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Biomedical and diagnostic sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel A Gómez-Marcos
- The Alamedilla Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Primary Health Care Research Unit, La Alamedilla Health Center, Salamanca, Spain.,Health Service of Castilla y León (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain.,Spanish Network for Preventive Activities and Health Promotion (redIAPP), Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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30
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Carrizzo A, Izzo C, Oliveti M, Alfano A, Virtuoso N, Capunzo M, Di Pietro P, Calabrese M, De Simone E, Sciarretta S, Frati G, Migliarino S, Damato A, Ambrosio M, De Caro F, Vecchione C. The Main Determinants of Diabetes Mellitus Vascular Complications: Endothelial Dysfunction and Platelet Hyperaggregation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102968. [PMID: 30274207 PMCID: PMC6212935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a common disease that affects 3–5% of the general population in Italy. In some countries of northern Europe or in North America, it can even affect 6–8% of the population. Of great concern is that the number of cases of diabetes is constantly increasing, probably due to the increase in obesity and the sedentary nature of the population. According to the World Health Organization, in the year 2030 there will be 360 million people with diabetes, compared to 170 million in 2000. This has important repercussions on the lives of patients and their families, and on health systems that offer assistance to patients. In this review, we try to describe in an organized way the pathophysiological continuity between diabetes mellitus, endothelial dysfunction, and platelet hyperaggregation, highlighting the main molecular mechanisms involved and the interconnections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmine Izzo
- Departement of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy.
| | - Marco Oliveti
- Departement of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy.
| | - Antonia Alfano
- Heart Department, A.O.U. "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", 84131 Salerno, Italy.
| | - Nicola Virtuoso
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, A.O.U. Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Mario Capunzo
- Departement of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy.
| | - Paola Di Pietro
- Departement of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy.
| | | | - Eros De Simone
- Heart Department, A.O.U. "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", 84131 Salerno, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Frati
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Serena Migliarino
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | - Francesco De Caro
- Departement of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy.
| | - Carmine Vecchione
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
- Departement of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy.
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31
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Slater SC, Jover E, Martello A, Mitić T, Rodriguez-Arabaolaza I, Vono R, Alvino VV, Satchell SC, Spinetti G, Caporali A, Madeddu P. MicroRNA-532-5p Regulates Pericyte Function by Targeting the Transcription Regulator BACH1 and Angiopoietin-1. Mol Ther 2018; 26:2823-2837. [PMID: 30274787 PMCID: PMC6277430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs regulate endothelial function and angiogenesis, but their implication in pericyte biology remains undetermined. A PCR array, covering a panel of 379 human microRNAs, showed microRNA-532-5p to be one of the most differentially modulated by hypoxia, which was confirmed by qPCR in both skeletal muscle and adventitial pericytes. Furthermore, microRNA-532-5p was upregulated in murine muscular pericytes early after experimentally induced ischemia, decreasing below baseline after reperfusion. Transfection of human pericytes with anti-microRNA, microRNA-mimic, or controls indicates microRNA-532-5p modulates pro-angiogenic activity via transcriptional regulation of angiopoietin-1. Tie-2 blockade abrogated the ability of microRNA-532-5p-overexpressing pericytes to promote endothelial network formation in vitro. However, angiopoietin-1 is not a direct target of microRNA-532-5p. In silico analysis of microRNA-532-5p inhibitory targets associated with angiopoietin-1 transcription indicated three potential candidates, BACH1, HIF1AN, and EGLN1. Binding of microRNA-532-5p to the BACH1 3' UTR was confirmed by luciferase assay. MicroRNA-532-5p silencing increased BACH1, while a microRNA-532-5p mimic decreased expression. Silencing of BACH1 modulated angiopoietin-1 gene and protein expression. ChIP confirmed BACH1 transcriptional regulation of angiopoietin-1 promoter. Finally, microRNA-532-5p overexpression increased pericyte coverage in an in vivo Matrigel assay, suggesting its role in vascular maturation. This study provides a new mechanistic understanding of the transcriptional program orchestrating angiopoietin-1/Tie-2 signaling in human pericytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadie C Slater
- Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Eva Jover
- Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Andrea Martello
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Tijana Mitić
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Iker Rodriguez-Arabaolaza
- Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Rosa Vono
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - Valeria V Alvino
- Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Simon C Satchell
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Gaia Spinetti
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - Andrea Caporali
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK.
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32
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Tang N, Jiang S, Yang Y, Liu S, Ponnusamy M, Xin H, Yu T. Noncoding RNAs as therapeutic targets in atherosclerosis with diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Ther 2018; 36:e12436. [PMID: 29797660 DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the major macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), and it is the main cause of death from clinical observation. Among various cell types involved in this disorder, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and macrophages play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of this disease. The regulation and stabilization of these cells are a key therapeutic strategy for DM-associated atherosclerosis. An increasing number of evidences implicate that various types of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a vital role in many cellular responses as well as in physiological and pathological processes of atherosclerosis and DM that drive atherogenic/antiatherogenic processes in those cells. Encouragingly, many ncRNAs have already been tested in animal experiments or clinical trials showing good performance. In this review, we summarize recent progresses in research on functional regulatory role of ncRNAs in atherosclerosis with DM. More importantly, we illustrate new thoughts and findings relevant to ncRNAs as potential therapeutic targets or biomarkers for atherosclerosis with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Tang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shaoyan Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shaoyan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Hui Xin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Abstract
Vascular, resident stem cells are present in all 3 layers of the vessel wall; they play a role in vascular formation under physiological conditions and in remodeling in pathological situations. Throughout development and adult early life, resident stem cells participate in vessel formation through vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. In adults, the vascular stem cells are mostly quiescent in their niches but can be activated in response to injury and participate in endothelial repair and smooth muscle cell accumulation to form neointima. However, delineation of the characteristics and of the migration and differentiation behaviors of these stem cells is an area of ongoing investigation. A set of genetic mouse models for cell lineage tracing has been developed to specifically address the nature of these cells and both migration and differentiation processes during physiological angiogenesis and in vascular diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on resident stem cells, which has become more defined and refined in vascular biology research, thus contributing to the development of new potential therapeutic strategies to promote endothelial regeneration and ameliorate vascular disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (L.Z., T.C., Q.X.)
| | - Shirin Issa Bhaloo
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, BHF Centre, United Kingdom (S.I.B., Q.X.)
| | - Ting Chen
- From the Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (L.Z., T.C., Q.X.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academic of Sciences (B.Z.)
| | - Qingbo Xu
- From the Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (L.Z., T.C., Q.X.)
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, BHF Centre, United Kingdom (S.I.B., Q.X.)
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Opatrilova R, Kubatka P, Caprnda M, Büsselberg D, Krasnik V, Vesely P, Saxena S, Ruia S, Mozos I, Rodrigo L, Kruzliak P, dos Santos KG. Nitric oxide in the pathophysiology of retinopathy: evidences from preclinical and clinical researches. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96:222-231. [PMID: 28391624 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness and visual disability in working-aged people. The pathogenesis of retinopathy is an actual and still open query. Alterations contributing to oxidative and nitrosative stress, including elevated nitric oxide and superoxide production, changes in the expression of different isoforms of nitric oxide synthase or endogenous antioxidant system, have been implicated in the mechanisms how this ocular disease develops. In addition, it was documented that renin-angiotensin system has been implicated in the progression of retinopathy. Based on comprehensive preclinical and clinical researches in this area, the role of above-mentioned factors in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy and ischaemic proliferative retinopathy is reviewed in this study. Moreover, the genetic susceptibility factors involved in the development of the retinopathy and possible strategies that utilize antioxidants as additive therapy are also highlighted here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Opatrilova
- Department of Chemical Drugs; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology; Jessenius Faculty of Medicine; Comenius University in Bratislava; Martin Slovak Republic
- Division of Oncology; Biomedical Center Martin; Jessenius Faculty of Medicine; Comenius University in Bratislava; Martin Slovak Republic
| | - Martin Caprnda
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine; Faculty of Pharmacy; Comenius University; Bratislava Slovakia
| | | | - Vladimir Krasnik
- Department of Ophthalmology; Faculty of Medicine; Comenius University; Bratislava Slovakia
| | | | - Sandeep Saxena
- Retina Service; Department of Ophthalmology; King George's Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Surabhi Ruia
- Retina Service; Department of Ophthalmology; King George's Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Ioana Mozos
- Department of Functional Sciences; “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy; Timisoara Romania
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Oviedo; Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA); Oviedo Spain
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Chemical Drugs; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Katia Goncalves dos Santos
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics; Universidade Luterana do Brasil; Canoas Brazil
- Experimental and Molecular Cardiovascular Laboratory; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
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35
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Global Autorecognition and Activation of Complement by Mannan-Binding Lectin in a Mouse Model of Type 1 Diabetes. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:9403754. [PMID: 28751823 PMCID: PMC5485322 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9403754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence links mannan-binding lectin (MBL) to late vascular complications of diabetes. MBL is a complement-activating pattern recognition molecule of the innate immune system that can mediate an inflammation response through activation of the lectin pathway. In two recent animal studies, we have shown that autoreactivity of MBL is increased in the kidney in diabetic nephropathy. We hypothesize that long-term exposure to uncontrolled high blood glucose in diabetes may mediate formation of neoepitopes in several tissues and that MBL is able to recognize these structures and thus activate the lectin pathway. To test this hypothesis, we induced diabetes by injection of low-dose streptozotocin in MBL double-knockout (MBL/DKO) mice. Development of diabetes was followed by measurements of blood glucose and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Fluorophore-labelled recombinant MBL was injected intravenously in diabetic and nondiabetic mice followed by ex vivo imaging of several organs. We observed that MBL accumulated in the heart, liver, brain, lung, pancreas, and intestines of diabetic mice. We furthermore detected increased systemic complement activation after administration of MBL, thus indicating MBL-mediated systemic complement activation in these animals. These new findings indicate a global role of MBL during late diabetes-mediated vascular complications in various tissues.
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36
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Beltrami AP, Madeddu P. Pericytes and cardiac stem cells: Common features and peculiarities. Pharmacol Res 2017; 127:101-109. [PMID: 28578204 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Clinical data and basic research indicate that the structural and functional alterations that characterize the evolution of cardiac disease towards heart failure may be, at least in part, reversed. This paradigm shift is due to the accumulation of evidence indicating that, in peculiar settings, cardiomyocytes may be replenished. Moving from the consideration that cardiomyocytes are rapidly withdrawn from the cell cycle after birth, independent laboratories have tested the hypothesis that cardiac resident stem/progenitor cells resided in mammalian hearts and were important for myocardial repair. After almost two decades of intensive investigation, several (but partially overlapping) cardiac resident stem/progenitor cell populations have been identified. These primitive cells are characterized by mesenchymal features, unique properties that distinguish them from mesodermal progenitors residing in other tissues, and heterogeneous embryological origins (that include the neural crest and the epicardium). A further layer of complexity is related to the nature, in vivo localization and properties of mesodermal progenitors residing in adult tissues. Intriguingly, these latter, whose possible perivascular pericyte/mural cell origin has been shown, have been identified in human hearts too. However, their exact anatomical localization, pathophysiological role, and their relationship with cardiac stem/progenitor cells are emerging only recently. Therefore, aim of this review is to discuss the different origin, the distinct nature, and the complementary effect of cardiac stem cells and pericytes supporting regenerative strategies based on the combined use of both myogenic and angiogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Paolo Beltrami
- Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Università degli Studi di Udine, P.zzle S. Maria della Misericordia, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Section, Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom.
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Campesi I, Franconi F, Seghieri G, Meloni M. Sex-gender-related therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:195-207. [PMID: 28189784 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic disease associated with micro- and macrovascular complications and is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes are among the most important causes of death in diabetic patients. Interestingly, several sex-gender differences have been reported to significantly impact in the pathophysiology of diabetes. In particular, sex-gender differences have been reported to affect diabetes epidemiology, risk factors, as well as cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes. This suggests that different therapeutic approaches are needed for managing diabetes-associated cardiovascular complications in men and women. In this review, we will discuss about the sex-gender differences that are known to impact on diabetes, mainly focusing on the cardiovascular complications associated with the disease. We will then discuss the therapeutic approaches for managing diabetes-associated cardiovascular complications and how differences in sex-gender can influence the existing therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Campesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Flavia Franconi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Dipartimento Politiche della Persona, Regione Basilicata, Italy.
| | | | - Marco Meloni
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK.
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38
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Far-infrared protects vascular endothelial cells from advanced glycation end products-induced injury via PLZF-mediated autophagy in diabetic mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40442. [PMID: 28071754 PMCID: PMC5223182 DOI: 10.1038/srep40442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in diabetic patients induces vascular endothelial injury. Promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF) is a transcription factor that can be activated by low-temperature far-infrared (FIR) irradiation to exert beneficial effects on the vascular endothelium. In the present study, we investigated the influence of FIR-induced PLZF activation on AGE-induced endothelial injury both in vitro and in vivo. FIR irradiation inhibited AGE-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). PLZF activation increased the expression of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases (PI3K), which are important kinases in the autophagic signaling pathway. FIR-induced PLZF activation led to autophagy in HUVEC, which was mediated through the upregulation of PI3K. Immunofluorescence staining showed that AGEs were engulfed by HUVECs and localized to lysosomes. FIR-induced autophagy promoted AGEs degradation in HUVECs. In nicotinamide/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, FIR therapy reduced serum AGEs and AGEs deposition at the vascular endothelium. FIR therapy also reduced diabetes-induced inflammatory markers in the vascular endothelium and improved vascular endothelial function. These protective effects of FIR therapy were not found in PLZF-knockout mice. Our data suggest that FIR-induced PLZF activation in vascular endothelial cells protects the vascular endothelium in diabetic mice from AGE-induced injury.
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39
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Retinal venous pulsation: Expanding our understanding and use of this enigmatic phenomenon. Prog Retin Eye Res 2016; 55:82-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Youssef AA, Ross EG, Bolli R, Pepine CJ, Leeper NJ, Yang PC. The Promise and Challenge of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cardiovascular Applications. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2016; 1:510-523. [PMID: 28580434 PMCID: PMC5451899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent discovery of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has revolutionized the field of stem cells. iPSCs have demonstrated that biological development is not an irreversible process and that mature adult somatic cells can be induced to become pluripotent. This breakthrough is projected to advance our current understanding of many disease processes and revolutionize the approach to effective therapeutics. Despite the great promise of iPSCs, many translational challenges still remain. In this article, we review the basic concept of induction of pluripotency as a novel approach to understand cardiac regeneration, cardiovascular disease modeling and drug discovery. We critically reflect on the current results of preclinical and clinical studies using iPSCs for these applications with appropriate emphasis on the challenges facing clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr A Youssef
- Division of Cardiology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt and Aurora Bay Area Medical Center, Marinette, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Elsie Gyang Ross
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Carl J Pepine
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Nicholas J Leeper
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Phillip C Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, California, USA
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41
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Miao X, Zhang W, Huang Z, Li N. Unaltered Angiogenesis-Regulating Activities of Platelets in Mild Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus despite a Marked Platelet Hyperreactivity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162405. [PMID: 27612088 PMCID: PMC5017716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with platelet dysfunction and impaired angiogenesis. Aim of the study is to investigate if platelet dysfunction might hamper platelet angiogenic activities in T2DM patients. Sixteen T2DM patients and gender/age-matched non-diabetic controls were studied. Flow cytometry and endothelial colony forming cell (ECFC) tube formation on matrigel were used to assess platelet reactivity and angiogenic activity, respectively. Thrombin receptor PAR1-activating peptide (PAR1-AP) induced higher platelet P-selectin expression, and evoked more rapid and intense platelet annexin V binding in T2DM patients, seen as a more rapid increase of annexin V+ platelets (24.3±6.4% vs 12.6±3.8% in control at 2 min) and a higher elevation (30.9±5.1% vs 24.3±3.0% at 8 min). However, PAR1-AP and PAR4-AP induced similar releases of angiogenic regulators from platelets, and both stimuli evoked platelet release of platelet angiogenic regulators to similar extents in T2DM and control subjects. Thus, PAR1-stimulated platelet releasate (PAR1-PR) and PAR4-PR similarly enhanced capillary-like network/tube formation of ECFCs, and the enhancements did not differ between T2DM and control subjects. Direct supplementation of platelets to ECFCs at the ratio of 1:200 enhanced ECFC tube formation even more markedly, leading to approximately 100% increases of the total branch points of ECFC tube formation, for which the enhancements were also similar between patients and controls. In conclusion, platelets from T2DM subjects are hyperreactive. Platelet activation induced by high doses of PAR1-AP, however, results in similar releases of angiogenic regulators in mild T2DM and control subjects. Platelets from T2DM and control subjects also demonstrate similar enhancements on ECFC angiogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Miao
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine-Solna, Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wei Zhang
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine-Solna, Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhangsen Huang
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine-Solna, Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nailin Li
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine-Solna, Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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42
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Betz-Stablein B, Hazelton ML, Morgan WH. Modelling retinal pulsatile blood flow from video data. Stat Methods Med Res 2016; 27:1575-1584. [PMID: 27587593 DOI: 10.1177/0962280216665504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Modern day datasets continue to increase in both size and diversity. One example of such 'big data' is video data. Within the medical arena, more disciplines are using video as a diagnostic tool. Given the large amount of data stored within a video image, it is one of most time consuming types of data to process and analyse. Therefore, it is desirable to have automated techniques to extract, process and analyse data from video images. While many methods have been developed for extracting and processing video data, statistical modelling to analyse the outputted data has rarely been employed. We develop a method to take a video sequence of periodic nature, extract the RGB data and model the changes occurring across the contiguous images. We employ harmonic regression to model periodicity with autoregressive terms accounting for the error process associated with the time series nature of the data. A linear spline is included to account for movement between frames. We apply this model to video sequences of retinal vessel pulsation, which is the pulsatile component of blood flow. Slope and amplitude are calculated for the curves generated from the application of the harmonic model, providing clinical insight into the location of obstruction within the retinal vessels. The method can be applied to individual vessels, or to smaller segments such as 2 × 2 pixels which can then be interpreted easily as a heat map.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigid Betz-Stablein
- 1 School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia.,2 Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, New Zealand
| | | | - William H Morgan
- 3 Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Australia
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Iwasa T, Amiya E, Ando J, Watanabe M, Murasawa T, Komuro I. Different Contributions of Physical Activity on Arterial Stiffness between Diabetics and Non-Diabetics. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160632. [PMID: 27508936 PMCID: PMC4980026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared the contribution of physical activity to the change in arterial stiffness between patients with and without diabetes in ischemic heart disease. METHODS We studied 96 (diabetes) and 109 (without diabetes) patients with ischemic heart disease treated by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Arterial stiffness was assessed by cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) at the first diagnosis of significant coronary ischemia and 6 months after PCI and optimal medical therapy. Physical activity was evaluated using the long form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). RESULTS CAVI values increased more for diabetic patients than for non-diabetic. The IPAQ scores did not differ between the two groups. During follow-up, CAVI values did not significantly change in either group. In diabetic patients, the CAVI score for 48 patients did not change (NC-group) and 48 patients improved (Improved-group). Physical activity scores were 937.9 ± 923.2 and 1524.6 ± 1166.2 in the NC- and Improved-groups, respectively. IPAQ scores and uric acid levels significantly affect CAVI improvement after adjusting for age, sex, baseline CAVI, total cholesterol, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. CONCLUSION Determining factors influencing CAVI improvement during follow-up were significantly different between patients with and without diabetes. IPAQ scores and uric acid levels were significantly correlated with CAVI changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Oncologic Emergencies, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisuke Amiya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiro Ando
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Masafumi Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahide Murasawa
- Department of Medical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhang H, Liu J, Qu D, Wang L, Luo JY, Lau CW, Liu P, Gao Z, Tipoe GL, Lee HK, Ng CF, Ma RCW, Yao X, Huang Y. Inhibition of miR-200c Restores Endothelial Function in Diabetic Mice Through Suppression of COX-2. Diabetes 2016; 65:1196-207. [PMID: 26822089 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction plays a crucial role in the development of diabetic vasculopathy. Our initial quantitative PCR results showed an increased miR-200c expression in arteries from diabetic mice and patients with diabetes. However, whether miR-200c is involved in diabetic endothelial dysfunction is unknown. Overexpression of miR-200c impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations (EDRs) in nondiabetic mouse aortas, whereas suppression of miR-200c by anti-miR-200c enhanced EDRs in diabetic db/db mice. miR-200c suppressed ZEB1 expression, and ZEB1 overexpression ameliorated endothelial dysfunction induced by miR-200c or associated with diabetes. More importantly, overexpression of anti-miR-200c or ZEB1 in vivo attenuated miR-200c expression and improved EDRs in db/db mice. Mechanistic study with the use of COX-2(-/-) mice revealed that COX-2 mediated miR-200c-induced endothelial dysfunction and that miR-200c upregulated COX-2 expression in endothelial cells through suppression of ZEB1 and increased production of prostaglandin E2, which also reduced EDR. This study demonstrates for the first time to our knowledge that miR-200c is a new mediator of diabetic endothelial dysfunction and inhibition of miR-200c rescues EDRs in diabetic mice. These new findings suggest the potential usefulness of miR-200c as the target for drug intervention against diabetic vascular complications.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclooxygenase 2/chemistry
- Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- MicroRNAs/antagonists & inhibitors
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- RNA/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- Renal Artery/metabolism
- Renal Artery/pathology
- Renal Artery/physiopathology
- Vasodilation
- Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1/genetics
- Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Huina Zhang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dan Qu
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiang-Yun Luo
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Wai Lau
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pingsheng Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - George L Tipoe
- Department of Anatomy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung Kay Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Fai Ng
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ronald Ching Wan Ma
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yao
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Georgescu A, Alexandru N, Andrei E, Dragan E, Cochior D, Dias S. Effects of transplanted circulating endothelial progenitor cells and platelet microparticles in atherosclerosis development. Biol Cell 2016; 108:219-43. [PMID: 26968123 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201500104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease, in which risk factors such as hyperlipidemia and hypertension affect the arterial endothelium, resulting in dysfunction, cell damage or both. The number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells and microparticles provides invaluable outcome prediction for atherosclerosis disease. However, evidence for the therapeutic potential of endothelial progenitor cells and microparticles in atherosclerosis development is limited. Our study was designed to investigate the possible protective role of a cell therapy-based approach, using endothelial progenitor cells and the dual behaviour of circulating platelet microparticles, on atherosclerosis development in hypertensive-hypercholesterolemic hamster model. Consequently, control hamsters received four intravenous inoculations of: (1) 1×10(5) endothelial progenitor cells of healthy origins in one dose per month, during four months of diet-induced atherosclerosis, and after hypertensive-hypercholesterolemic diet for further four months; (2) in a second set of experiments, 1×10(5) endothelial progenitor cells of healthy origins or/and 1×10(5) platelet microparticles of atherosclerotic origins were inoculated every other month during hypertensive-hypercholesterolemic diet. RESULTS Endothelial progenitor cell treatment had the following effects: (1) re-established plasmatic parameters: cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, blood pressure, heart rate, cytokine and chemokine profiles, platelet microparticle pro-thrombotic activity and endothelial progenitor cell paracrine activity reflected by cytokine/chemokine detection; (2) reduced lipid, macrophage and microparticle accumulation in liver; (3) reduced atherosclerosis development, revealed by decreased lipid, macrophage and microparticle content of arterial wall; (4) induced the recruitment and incorporation of endothelial progenitor cells into liver and arterial wall; (5) improved arterial dysfunction by increasing contraction and relaxation; (6) reduced the protein expression of specific pro-inflammatory molecules in liver and arterial wall. Platelet microparticle transplantation aggravated the above-mentioned biomarkers and atherosclerosis process, which were partially reverted with co-inoculation of platelet microparticles and endothelial progenitor cells. CONCLUSIONS With this study, we demonstrate in a hypertensive-hypercholesterolemic hamster model, that the endothelial progenitor cell-based therapy suppresses the development of atherosclerosis and reduces hepatic lipid and macrophage accumulation with the consequent alleviation of dyslipidaemia and hypertension. SIGNIFICANCE Our results support the notion that increasing the number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells by different ways could be a promising therapeutic tool for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Georgescu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nicoleta Alexandru
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eugen Andrei
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Emanuel Dragan
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Cochior
- Faculty of Medicine, 'Titu Maiorescu' University, Bucharest, Romania.,General Surgery Clinic, CF 2 Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sérgio Dias
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Altabas V, Altabas K, Kirigin L. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in ageing and age-related diseases: How currently available treatment modalities affect EPC biology, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular outcomes. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 159:49-62. [PMID: 26919825 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are mononuclear cells that circulate in the blood and are derived from different tissues, expressing cell surface markers that are similar to mature endothelial cells. The discovery of EPCs has lead to new insights in vascular repair and atherosclerosis and also a new theory for ageing. EPCs from the bone marrow and some other organs aid in vascular repair by migrating to distant vessels where they differentiate into mature endothelial cells and replace old and injured endothelial cells. The ability of EPCs to repair vascular damage depends on their number and functionality. Currently marketed drugs used in a variety of diseases can modulate these characteristics. In this review, the effect of currently available treatment options for cardiovascular and metabolic disorders on EPC biology will be discussed. The various EPC-based therapies that will be discussed include lipid-lowering agents, antihypertensive agents, antidiabetic drugs, phosphodiesteraze inhibitors, hormones, as well as EPC capturing stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velimir Altabas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Clinical Hospital "Sestre milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Karmela Altabas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Clinical Hospital "Sestre milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Lora Kirigin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Clinical Hospital "Sestre milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia.
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Zhang J, Meng G, Zhang C, Lin L, Xu N, Liu M, Cui F, Jia L. The antioxidative effects of acidic-, alkalic-, and enzymatic-extractable mycelium zinc polysaccharides by Pleurotus djamor on liver and kidney of streptozocin-induced diabetic mice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:440. [PMID: 26683206 PMCID: PMC4683725 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0964-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Edible mushrooms, especially the genus of Pleurotus, have been well studied for their nutrition as well as non-toxic medicinal properties. Recently, much attention has been paid to the therapeutic values of mushrooms in genus of Pleurotus with diabetes mellitus (DM), which was a complex metabolic disorder that induced by increased oxidative stress and characterized by hyperglycemia. However, scare attention has been paid to polysaccharides from P. djamor. Meanwhile, zinc is an essential trace element in the human body and it participates in various pathways of metabolism. Therefore, the objective of present study was aimed to evaluate the protective effects of the three extractable mycelium zinc polysaccharides (MZPS), including acidic-MZPS (Ac-MZPS), alkalic-MZPS (Al-MZPS) and enzymatic-MZPS (En-MZPS), on the liver and kidneys in diabetic mice induced by streptozocin (STZ) aiming to better understand the possible hypoglycemic mechanisms and their health benefits. METHODS The Ac-, Al-, and En-MZPS were extracted with hydrochloric acid (1 M), sodium hydroxide (1 M) and snailase (4 %) from P. djamor zinc-enriched mycelium, respectively. The diabetic mice were induced by injection of STZ. Besides the histopathological analyses of liver and kidney, the following biochemical analysis were processed to investigate the antioxidative effects, including activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), GSH peroxide (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), and contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver and kidney homogenate; activities of alamine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspertate aminotransferase (AST), and levels of urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE), total cholesterol (TC), albumin (ALB), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) in serum. RESULTS Results showed that the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT were significantly increased, the MDA contents remarkably reduced, and the values of ALT, AST, BUN, CRE, TC, LDL-C and HDL-C observably mitigated in the liver, kidneys and serum of diabetic mice by these three polysaccharides treatment. Biochemical and histopathological analyses also showed that MZPS could alleviate liver and kidneys injury. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that Ac-, Al-, and En-MZPS possessed potent antioxidant activities, and could be used as a potentially functional food for the prevention of diabetes and its complications induced by STZ.
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Liu H, Liu L, Wei Q, Cui J, Yan C, Wang X, Wu Y. Xiaokening stimulates endothelial nitric oxide release in diabetic rats. Singapore Med J 2015; 56:401-6. [PMID: 26243977 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2015111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus induces microangiopathic changes that lead to endothelial dysfunction. This study investigated the effect of Xiaokening, a type of Chinese compound medicine, on the mesenteric arteriolar endothelial cell function of diabetic rats and its underlying mechanism. METHODS Diabetes mellitus was induced in rat models via intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin and observed over three weeks. Mesenteric arterioles, which were isolated in a cannulated and pressurised state, were incubated with intravascular injections of 1, 3 or 5 g/L Xiaokening for 24, 48 or 72 hours. The effects of Xiaokening on the release of nitric oxide (NO) on the mesenteric arterioles were detected under shear stress of 1, 10 and 20 dyn/cm(2). Biochemical methods were used to determine the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and xanthine oxidase (XO). The expressions of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), SOD and XO in the mesenteric arterioles were assessed using Western blot. RESULTS Compared to normal rat arterioles, less NO was released in the mesenteric arterioles of diabetic rats. Xiaokening was found to have a concentration- and time-dependent effect on NO release; when the shear stress was increased, there was a gradual increase in the release of NO. Compared to normal arterioles, the expression of eNOS in the mesenteric arterioles of diabetic rats was lower. Incubation with Xiaokening increased SOD activity and expression, and decreased XO activity and expression in the mesenteric arterioles of the diabetic rats. CONCLUSION Xiaokening was able to significantly increase NO release and improve the endothelial function of mesenteric arterioles through antioxidative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical College, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical College, China
| | - Qunli Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, China
| | - Jie Cui
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical College, China
| | - Changdong Yan
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical College, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical College, China
| | - Yongping Wu
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical College, China
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Caputo M, Saif J, Rajakaruna C, Brooks M, Angelini GD, Emanueli C. MicroRNAs in vascular tissue engineering and post-ischemic neovascularization. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 88:78-91. [PMID: 25980937 PMCID: PMC4728183 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Increasing numbers of paediatric patients with congenital heart defects are surviving to adulthood, albeit with continuing clinical needs. Hence, there is still scope for revolutionary new strategies to correct vascular anatomical defects. Adult patients are also surviving longer with the adverse consequences of ischemic vascular disease, especially after acute coronary syndromes brought on by plaque erosion and rupture. Vascular tissue engineering and therapeutic angiogenesis provide new hope for these patients. Both approaches have shown promise in laboratory studies, but have not yet been able to deliver clear evidence of clinical success. More research into biomaterials, molecular medicine and cell and molecular therapies is necessary. This review article focuses on the new opportunities offered by targeting microRNAs for the improved production and greater empowerment of vascular cells for use in vascular tissue engineering or for increasing blood perfusion of ischemic tissues by amplifying the resident microvascular network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Caputo
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; RUSH University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jaimy Saif
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Cha Rajakaruna
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marcus Brooks
- University Hospital Bristol NHS Trust-Vascular Surgery Unit, Bristol, UK
| | - Gianni D Angelini
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, England, UK
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, England, UK.
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Mineralocorticoid receptor blockade prevents vascular remodelling in a rodent model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 129:533-45. [PMID: 25967696 DOI: 10.1042/cs20140758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs), which are activated by mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids, actively participate in mechanisms that affect the structure and function of blood vessels. Although experimental and clinical evidence shows that vascular damage in diabetes is associated with structural alterations in large and small arteries, the role of MR in this process needs further studies. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that MR, through redox-sensitive mechanisms, plays a role in diabetes-associated vascular remodelling. Male, 12-14-weeks-old db/db mice, a model of type 2 diabetes and their non-diabetic counterpart controls (db/+) were treated with spironolactone (MR antagonist, 50 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 6 weeks. Spironolactone treatment did not affect blood pressure, fasting glucose levels or weight gain, but increased serum potassium and total cholesterol in both, diabetic and control mice. In addition, spironolactone significantly reduced serum insulin levels, but not aldosterone levels in diabetic mice. Insulin sensitivity, evaluated by the HOMA (homoeostatic model assessment)-index, was improved in spironolactone-treated diabetic mice. Mesenteric resistance arteries from vehicle-treated db/db mice exhibited inward hypertrophic remodelling, increased number of smooth muscle cells and increased vascular stiffness. These structural changes, determined by morphometric analysis and with a myography for pressurized arteries, were prevented by spironolactone treatment. Arteries from vehicle-treated db/db mice also exhibited augmented collagen content, determined by Picrosirius Red staining and Western blotting, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, determined by dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescence, as well as increased expression of NAD(P)H oxidases 1 and 4 and increased activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Spironolactone treatment prevented all these changes, indicating that MR importantly contributes to diabetes-associated vascular dysfunction by inducing oxidative stress and by increasing the activity of redox-sensitive proteins.
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