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Bedard S, Roxborough E, O'Neill E, Mangal V. The biomolecules of Euglena gracilis: Harnessing biology for natural solutions to future problems. Protist 2024; 175:126044. [PMID: 38823247 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2024.126044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the autotrophic and heterotrophic protist Euglena gracilis (E. gracilis) has gained popularity across the studies of environmental science, biosynthesis experiments, and nutritional substitutes. The unique physiology and versatile metabolism of E. gracilis have been a recent topic of interest to many researchers who continue to understand the complexity and possibilities of using E. gracilis biomolecule production. In this review, we present a comprehensive representation of recent literature outlining the various uses of biomolecules derived from E. gracilis across the fields of natural product biosynthesis, as a nutritional substitute, and as bioremediation tools. In addition, we highlight effective strategies for altering metabolite production using abiotic stressors and growth conditions. To better understand metabolite biosynthesis and its role in E. gracilis, integrated studies involving genomics, metabolomics, and proteomics should be considered. Together, we show how the ongoing advancements in E. gracilis related research continue to broaden applications in the biosynthetic sector and highlight future works that would strengthen our understanding of overall Euglena metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bedard
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University. 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catherines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - E Roxborough
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - E O'Neill
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - V Mangal
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University. 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catherines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada.
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Baranov D, Timerbaev V. Recent Advances in Studying the Regulation of Fruit Ripening in Tomato Using Genetic Engineering Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:760. [PMID: 38255834 PMCID: PMC10815249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most commercially essential vegetable crops cultivated worldwide. In addition to the nutritional value, tomato is an excellent model for studying climacteric fruits' ripening processes. Despite this, the available natural pool of genes that allows expanding phenotypic diversity is limited, and the difficulties of crossing using classical selection methods when stacking traits increase proportionally with each additional feature. Modern methods of the genetic engineering of tomatoes have extensive potential applications, such as enhancing the expression of existing gene(s), integrating artificial and heterologous gene(s), pointing changes in target gene sequences while keeping allelic combinations characteristic of successful commercial varieties, and many others. However, it is necessary to understand the fundamental principles of the gene molecular regulation involved in tomato fruit ripening for its successful use in creating new varieties. Although the candidate genes mediate ripening have been identified, a complete picture of their relationship has yet to be formed. This review summarizes the latest (2017-2023) achievements related to studying the ripening processes of tomato fruits. This work attempts to systematize the results of various research articles and display the interaction pattern of genes regulating the process of tomato fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Baranov
- Laboratory of Expression Systems and Plant Genome Modification, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
- Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Timerbaev
- Laboratory of Expression Systems and Plant Genome Modification, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
- Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia
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3
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Wang D, Sarsaiya S, Qian X, Jin L, Shu F, Zhang C, Chen J. Analysis of the response mechanisms of Pinellia ternata to terahertz wave stresses using transcriptome and metabolic data. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1227507. [PMID: 37771489 PMCID: PMC10522861 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1227507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. (Araceae), a significant medicinal plant, has been used to treat various diseases for centuries. Terahertz radiation (THZ) is located between microwaves and infrared rays on the electromagnetic spectrum. THZ possesses low single-photon energy and a spectral fingerprint, but its effects on plant growth have not yet been investigated. The study's primary objective was to examine the transcriptome and metabolome databases of the SY line to provide a new perspective for identifying genes associated with resistance and growth promotion and comprehending the underlying molecular mechanism. Variations in the biological characteristics of P. ternata grown under control and experimental conditions were analyzed to determine the effect of THZ. Compared with the control group, phenotypic variables such as leaf length, petiole length, number of leaves, leaf petiole diameter, and proliferation coefficient exhibited significant differences. P. ternata response to THZ was analyzed regarding the effects of various coercions on root exudation. The experimental group contained considerably more sugar alcohol than the control group. The transcriptome analysis revealed 1,695 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 509 upregulated and 1,186 downregulated genes. In the KEGG-enriched plant hormone signaling pathway, there were 19 differentially expressed genes, 13 of which were downregulated and six of which were upregulated. In the metabolomic analysis, approximately 416 metabolites were uncovered. There were 112 DEMs that were downregulated, whereas 148 were upregulated. The P. ternata leaves displayed significant differences in phytohormone metabolites, specifically in brassinolide (BR) and abscisic acid (ABA). The rise in BR triggers alterations in internal plant hormones, resulting in faster growth and development of P. ternata. Our findings demonstrated a link between THZ and several metabolic pathway processes, which will enhance our understanding of P. ternata mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Surendra Sarsaiya
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xu Qian
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Leilei Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fuxing Shu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Jishuang Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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4
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Liu Q, Cheng L, Nian H, Jin J, Lian T. Linking plant functional genes to rhizosphere microbes: a review. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:902-917. [PMID: 36271765 PMCID: PMC10106864 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The importance of rhizomicrobiome in plant development, nutrition acquisition and stress tolerance is unquestionable. Relevant plant genes corresponding to the above functions also regulate rhizomicrobiome construction. Deciphering the molecular regulatory network of plant-microbe interactions could substantially contribute to improving crop yield and quality. Here, the plant gene-related nutrient uptake, biotic and abiotic stress resistance, which may influence the composition and function of microbial communities, are discussed in this review. In turn, the influence of microbes on the expression of functional plant genes, and thereby plant growth and immunity, is also reviewed. Moreover, we have specifically paid attention to techniques and methods used to link plant functional genes and rhizomicrobiome. Finally, we propose to further explore the molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways of microbe-host gene interactions, which could potentially be used for managing plant health in agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lang Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hai Nian
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jian Jin
- Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesHarbinChina
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Centre for AgriBioscienceLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia
| | - Tengxiang Lian
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Xu Y, Qian X, Li K, Zhou T, Tian Y, Yuan L, Wang Z, Yang J. Differential roles of abscisic acid in maize roots in the adaptation to soil drought. Food Energy Secur 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
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6
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How Changes in ABA Accumulation and Signaling Influence Tomato Drought Responses and Reproductive Development. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/ijpb14010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Water deficit conditions trigger the production of a chemical signal, the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), which coordinates multiple responses at different temporal and spatial scales. Despite the complexity of natural drought conditions, the modulation of ABA signaling could be harnessed to ameliorate the drought performances of crops in the face of increasingly challenging climate conditions. Based on recent studies, increasing ABA sensitivity can lead to genotypes with improved drought resistance traits, with sustained biomass production in water-limiting environments and little or no costs with respect to biomass production under optimal conditions. However, variations in ABA production and sensitivity lead to changes in various aspects of reproductive development, including flowering time. Here we provide an updated summary of the literature on ABA-related genes in tomato and discuss how their manipulation can impact water-deficit-related responses and/or other developmental traits. We suggest that a better understanding of specific ABA components’ function or their expression may offer novel tools to specifically engineer drought resistance without affecting developmental traits.
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Zhang Y, Fu X, Feng Y, Zhang X, Bi H, Ai X. Abscisic Acid Mediates Salicylic Acid Induced Chilling Tolerance of Grafted Cucumber by Activating H 2O 2 Biosynthesis and Accumulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416057. [PMID: 36555697 PMCID: PMC9783703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Grafting is widely applied to enhance the tolerance of some vegetables to biotic and abiotic stress. Salicylic acid (SA) is known to be involved in grafting-induced chilling tolerance in cucumber. Here, we revealed that grafting with pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata, Cm) as a rootstock improved chilling tolerance and increased the accumulation of SA, abscisic acid (ABA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in grafted cucumber (Cucumis sativus/Cucurbita moschata, Cs/Cm) leaves. Exogenous SA improved the chilling tolerance and increased the accumulation of ABA and H2O2 and the mRNA abundances of CBF1, COR47, NCED, and RBOH1. However, 2-aminoindan-2-phosphonic acid (AIP) and L-a-aminooxy-b-phenylpropionic acid (AOPP) (biosynthesis inhibitors of SA) reduced grafting-induced chilling tolerance, as well as the synthesis of ABA and H2O2, in cucumber leaves. ABA significantly increased endogenous H2O2 production and the resistance to chilling stress, as proven by the lower electrolyte leakage (EL) and chilling injury index (CI). However, application of the ABA biosynthesis inhibitors sodium tungstate (Na2WO4) and fluridone (Flu) abolished grafting or SA-induced H2O2 accumulation and chilling tolerance. SA-induced plant response to chilling stress was also eliminated by N,N'-dimethylthiourea (DMTU, an H2O2 scavenger). In addition, ABA-induced chilling tolerance was attenuated by DMTU and diphenyleneiodonium (DPI, an H2O2 inhibitor) chloride, but AIP and AOPP had little effect on the ABA-induced mitigation of chilling stress. Na2WO4 and Flu diminished grafting- or SA-induced H2O2 biosynthesis, but DMTU and DPI did not affect ABA production induced by SA under chilling stress. These results suggest that SA participated in grafting-induced chilling tolerance by stimulating the biosynthesis of ABA and H2O2. H2O2, as a downstream signaler of ABA, mediates SA-induced chilling tolerance in grafted cucumber plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- Tai’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai’an 271000, China
| | - Xin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Yiqing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Huangai Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- Correspondence: author: (H.B.); (X.A.)
| | - Xizhen Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- Correspondence: author: (H.B.); (X.A.)
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El Amerany F, Rhazi M, Balcke G, Wahbi S, Meddich A, Taourirte M, Hause B. The Effect of Chitosan on Plant Physiology, Wound Response, and Fruit Quality of Tomato. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14225006. [PMID: 36433133 PMCID: PMC9692869 DOI: 10.3390/polym14225006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In agriculture, chitosan has become popular as a metabolic enhancer; however, no deep information has been obtained yet regarding its mechanisms on vegetative tissues. This work was conducted to test the impact of chitosan applied at different plant growth stages on plant development, physiology, and response to wounding as well as fruit shape and composition. Five concentrations of chitosan were tested on tomato. The most effective chitosan doses that increased leaf number, leaf area, plant biomass, and stomatal conductance were 0.75 and 1 mg mL-1. Chitosan (1 mg mL-1) applied as foliar spray increased the levels of jasmonoyl-isoleucine and abscisic acid in wounded roots. The application of this dose at vegetative and flowering stages increased chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) values, whereas application at the fruit maturation stage reduced the Fv/Fm values. This decline was positively correlated with fruit shape and negatively correlated with the pH and the content of soluble sugars, lycopene, total flavonoids, and nitrogen in fruits. Moreover, the levels of primary metabolites derived from glycolysis, such as inositol phosphate, lactic acid, and ascorbic acid, increased in response to treatment of plants with 1 mg mL-1- chitosan. Thus, chitosan application affects various plant processes by influencing stomata aperture, cell division and expansion, fruit maturation, mineral assimilation, and defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima El Amerany
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, 6120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Bio-Resources, Environment and Materials, Department of Biology, Higher Normal School, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box 575, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Health Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology of Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box 549, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +212-639-419364
| | - Mohammed Rhazi
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Bio-Resources, Environment and Materials, Department of Biology, Higher Normal School, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box 575, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Gerd Balcke
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, 6120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Said Wahbi
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre Agro Biotech-URL-CNRST-05), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Abdelilah Meddich
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre Agro Biotech-URL-CNRST-05), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Moha Taourirte
- Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Health Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology of Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box 549, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre Agro Biotech-URL-CNRST-05), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Bettina Hause
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, 6120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Seiml-Buchinger V, Reifschneider E, Bittner A, Baier M. Ascorbate peroxidase postcold regulation of chloroplast NADPH dehydrogenase activity controls cold memory. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1997-2016. [PMID: 35946757 PMCID: PMC9614503 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to 4°C imprints a cold memory that modulates gene expression in response to a second (triggering) stress stimulus applied several days later. Comparison of plastid transcriptomes of cold-primed and control plants directly before they were exposed to the triggering stimulus showed downregulation of several subunits of chloroplast NADPH dehydrogenase (NDH) and regulatory subunits of ATP synthase. NDH is, like proton gradient 5 (PGR5)-PGR5-like1 (PGRL1), a thylakoid-embedded, ferredoxin-dependent plastoquinone reductase that protects photosystem I and stabilizes ATP synthesis by cyclic electron transport (CET). Like PGRL1A and PGRL1B transcript levels, ndhA and ndhD transcript levels decreased during the 24-h long priming cold treatment. PGRL1 transcript levels were quickly reset in the postcold phase, but expression of ndhA remained low. The transcript abundances of other ndh genes decreased within the next days. Comparison of thylakoid-bound ascorbate peroxidase (tAPX)-free and transiently tAPX-overexpressing or tAPX-downregulating Arabidopsis lines demonstrated that ndh expression is suppressed by postcold induction of tAPX. Four days after cold priming, when tAPX protein accumulation was maximal, NDH activity was almost fully lost. Lack of the NdhH-folding chaperonin Crr27 (Cpn60β4), but not lack of the NDH activity modulating subunits NdhM, NdhO, or photosynthetic NDH subcomplex B2 (PnsB2), strengthened priming regulation of zinc finger of A. thaliana 10, which is a nuclear-localized target gene of the tAPX-dependent cold-priming pathway. We conclude that cold-priming modifies chloroplast-to-nucleus stress signaling by tAPX-mediated suppression of NDH-dependent CET and that plastid-encoded NdhH, which controls subcomplex A assembly, is of special importance for memory stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Seiml-Buchinger
- Plant Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Berlin 14195,Germany
| | - Elena Reifschneider
- Plant Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Berlin 14195,Germany
| | - Andras Bittner
- Plant Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Berlin 14195,Germany
| | - Margarete Baier
- Plant Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Berlin 14195,Germany
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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Mediated Alleviation of Drought Stress via Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants: A Meta-Analysis. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192448. [PMID: 36235314 PMCID: PMC9571390 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Drought stress constrains plant cell metabolism and induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In response to drought stress, plants induce a series of physiological and biochemical changes, scavenging ROS. Among soil microbes, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are found to be effective ameliorators of ROS under drought-stress conditions. However, the comprehensive roles of the oxidative stress ameliorators mediated by AMF in alleviating drought stress are not studied in detail. The present study aims to determine the oxidative stress ameliorators using meta-analysis highlighting AMF inoculation efficacy on drought stress alleviation. The results confirmed that AMF inoculation had a significant reduction in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and electrolyte leakage (EL). Nevertheless, proline accumulation was found to have a non-significant correlation with AMF inoculation. Further, carotenoids and soluble sugars increased positively in AMF-inoculated plants under drought stress and there was a subsequent reduction of abscisic acid (ABA). The results of the meta-analysis reveal the benefits of AMF inoculation with reduced H2O2 levels leading to reduced lipid peroxidation (MDA) and increased membrane stability (EL). Thus, the present assessment reveals the sequence of events involved in eliciting drought stress alleviation due to AMF inoculation.
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Vergata C, Yousefi S, Buti M, Vestrucci F, Gholami M, Sarikhani H, Salami SA, Martinelli F. Meta-analysis of transcriptomic responses to cold stress in plants. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:704-724. [PMID: 35379384 DOI: 10.1071/fp21230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptomic analyses are needful tools to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to abiotic stresses. The aim of this study was to identify key genes differentially regulated in response to chilling stress in various plant species with different levels of tolerance to low temperatures. A meta-analysis was performed using the RNA-Seq data of published studies whose experimental conditions were comparable. The results confirmed the importance of ethylene in the hormonal cross-talk modulating the defensive responses against chilling stress, especially in sensitive species. The transcriptomic activity of five Ethylene Response Factors genes and a REDOX Responsive Transcription Factor 1 involved in hormone-related pathways belonging to ethylene metabolism and signal transduction were induced. Transcription activity of two genes encoding for heat shock factors was enhanced, together with various genes associated with developmental processes. Several transcription factor families showed to be commonly induced between different plant species. Protein-protein interaction networks highlighted the role of the photosystems I and II, as well as genes encoding for HSF and WRKY transcription factors. A model of gene regulatory network underlying plant responses to chilling stress was developed, allowing the delivery of new candidate genes for genetic improvement of crops towards low temperatures tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Vergata
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Sanaz Yousefi
- Department of Horticultural Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Matteo Buti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Mansour Gholami
- Department of Horticultural Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Hassan Sarikhani
- Department of Horticultural Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Salami
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Molecular Cloning and Characterization of MbMYB108, a Malus baccata MYB Transcription Factor Gene, with Functions in Tolerance to Cold and Drought Stress in Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094846. [PMID: 35563237 PMCID: PMC9099687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The MYB transcription factor (TF) family is one of the largest transcription families in plants, which is widely involved in the responses of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as plant growth, development, and metabolic regulation. In the present study, a new MYB TF gene, MbMYB108, from Malus baccata (L.) Borkh, was identified and characterized. The open reading frame (ORF) of MbMYB108 was found to be 903 bp, encoding 300 amino acids. Sequence alignment results and predictions of the protein structure indicated that the MbMYB108 protein contained the conserved MYB domain. Subcellular localization showed that MbMYB108 was localized to the nucleus. The expression of MbMYB108 was enriched in young and mature leaves, and was highly affected by cold and drought treatments in M. baccata seedlings. When MbMYB108 was introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana, it greatly increased the cold and drought tolerances in the transgenic plant. Increased expression of MbMYB108 in transgenic A. thaliana also resulted in higher activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), higher contents of proline and chlorophyll, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content and relative conductivity were lower, especially in response to cold and drought stresses. Therefore, these results suggest that MbMYB108 probably plays an important role in the response to cold and drought stresses in A. thaliana by enhancing the scavenging capability for reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Lv C, Li F, Ai X, Bi H. H 2O 2 participates in ABA regulation of grafting-induced chilling tolerance in cucumber. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1115-1130. [PMID: 35260922 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Rootstock provides more abscisic acid (ABA) content to scions to increase the chilling tolerance of seedlings. H2O2 is involved in ABA regulation of grafting-induced chilling tolerance of cucumber. Here we examined the role of ABA in the response of grafted cucumber to chilling stress. The data showed chilling induced an increase in leaf and root ABA content and there was a positive correlation between ABA content and the chilling tolerance of the varieties. The increase of ABA content and NCED mRNA abundance in the leaf of both Cs/Cs (self-root) and Cs/Cm (grafted with pumpkin as rootstock) showed a delay under aerial stress compared with those under whole plant and root-zone stress. Intriguingly, an increase in ABA in xylem was found under whole-plant and root-zone chilling stress but was not detected under aerial stress, implying the increases in ABA content in leaves were mainly from root ABA transportation. Compared to Cs/Cs, a higher ABA content and NCED mRNA abundance were observed in Cs/Cm, which showed that Cm could output more ABA than Cs. The removal of endogenous ABA decreased the difference in chilling tolerance induced by Cm, as evidenced by the observed similar oxidative stress levels and photosynthetic capacity between Cs/Cs and Cs/Cm after chilling stress. Moreover, we found that the H2O2 signal in grafted cucumber could respond to chilling stress earlier than the H2O2 signal in self-rooted cucumber. The inhibition of endogenous H2O2 decreased the chilling tolerance of grafted cucumber induced by ABA by reducing photosynthesis and the mRNA abundance of CBF1 and COR. Thus, our results indicate that H2O2, as the downstream signal, participated in the rootstock-induced chilling tolerance of grafted seedlings induced by ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Fude Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xizhen Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Huangai Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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14
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Wu J, Kamanga BM, Zhang W, Xu Y, Xu L. Research progress of aldehyde oxidases in plants. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13119. [PMID: 35356472 PMCID: PMC8958963 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant aldehyde oxidases (AOs) are multi-functional enzymes, and they could oxidize abscisic aldehyde into ABA (abscisic acid) or indole acetaldehyde into IAA (indoleacetic acid) as the last step, respectively. AOs can be divided into four groups based on their biochemical and physiological functions. In this review, we summarized the recent studies about AOs in plants including the motif information, biochemical, and physiological functions. Besides their role in phytohormones biosynthesis and stress response, AOs could also involve in reactive oxygen species homeostasis, aldehyde detoxification and stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Blair Moses Kamanga
- Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yanhao Xu
- Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Le Xu
- Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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15
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Benkeblia N. Insights on Fructans and Resistance of Plants to Drought Stress. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.827758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought, one of the major abiotic stresses affecting plants, is characterized by a decrease of water availability, resulting in a decrease of the water potential (Ψ) of the cells. One of the strategies of plants in resisting to this low Ψ and related stresses is regulating their water-plant relation and the interplay between Ψsolutes and the turgor pressure (Ψp). This regulation avoids the dehydration induced by low Ψ and is resulting from the accumulation of specific molecules which induce higher tolerance to water deficit and also other mechanisms that prevent or repair cell damages. In plants, fructans, the non-structural carbohydrates (NSC), have other physiological functions than carbon reserve. Among these roles, fructans have been implicated in protecting plants against water deficit caused by drought. As an efficient strategy to survive to this abiotic stress, plants synthesize fructans in response to osmotic pressure in order to osmoregulate the cellular flux, therefore, protecting the membrane damage and maintaining Ψp. Although different studies have been conducted to elucidate the mechanisms behind this strategy, still the concept itself is not well-understood and many points remain unclear and need to be elucidated in order to understand the causal relation between water deficit and fructans accumulation during water scarcity. This understanding will be a key tool in developing strategies to enhance crop tolerance to stressful dry conditions, particularly under the changing climate prediction. This review aims to give new insights on the roles of fructans in the response and resistance of plants to water deficit and their fate under this severe environmental condition.
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Sanchez J, Kaur PP, Pabuayon ICM, Karampudi NBR, Kitazumi A, Sandhu N, Catolos M, Kumar A, de Los Reyes BG. DECUSSATE network with flowering genes explains the variable effects of qDTY12.1 to rice yield under drought across genetic backgrounds. THE PLANT GENOME 2022; 15:e20168. [PMID: 34806842 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The impact of qDTY12.1 in maintaining yield under drought has not been consistent across genetic backgrounds. We hypothesized that synergism or antagonism with additive-effect peripheral genes across the background genome either enhances or undermines its full potential. By modeling the transcriptional networks across sibling qDTY12.1-introgression lines with contrasting yield under drought (LPB = low-yield penalty; HPB = high-yield penalty), the qDTY12.1-encoded DECUSSATE gene (OsDEC) was revealed as the core of a synergy with other genes in the genetic background. OsDEC is expressed in flag leaves and induced by progressive drought at booting stage in LPB but not in HPB. The unique OsDEC signature in LPB is coordinated with 35 upstream and downstream peripheral genes involved in floral development through the cytokinin signaling pathway. Results support the differential network rewiring effects through genetic coupling-uncoupling between qDTY12.1 and other upstream and downstream peripheral genes across the distinct genetic backgrounds of LPB and HPB. The functional DEC-network in LPB defines a mechanism for early flowering as a means for avoiding the drought-induced depletion of photosynthate needed for reproductive growth. Its impact is likely through the timely establishment of stronger source-sink dynamics that sustains a robust reproductive transition under drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobo Sanchez
- Dep. of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ai Kitazumi
- Dep. of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Nitika Sandhu
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines
- Current address: School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural Univ., Ludhiana, India
| | | | - Arvind Kumar
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines
- Current address: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Petancheru, India
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17
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Basu S, Roychoudhury A. Transcript profiling of stress-responsive genes and metabolic changes during salinity in indica and japonica rice exhibit distinct varietal difference. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1434-1447. [PMID: 33905541 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we carried out comprehensive transcript profiling of diverse genes under salinity (200 mM NaCl) at different time points, accompanied by certain biochemical alterations of the indica (IR-64 and Pokkali) and japonica (Nipponbare and M-202) rice. The higher susceptibility of Nipponbare and IR-64 was reflected by lower relative water content, chlorophyll loss, higher malondialdehyde content, and accumulation of H2 O2 , and reduced nitrate reductase activity, compared to M-202 and Pokkali, where such changes were less pronounced. Enhanced levels of anthocyanins and reduced glutathione, together with elevated phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity, mainly conferred protection to Nipponbare and IR-64, while metabolites like phenolics, flavonoids, proline, and polyamines were more induced in M-202 and Pokkali. Varietal differences in the expression pattern of diverse groups of genes during different durations (6, 24, and 48 h) of stress were striking. A gene showing early induction for a particular variety exhibited a delayed induction in another variety or a gradually decreased expression with treatment time. Pokkali was clearly identified as the salt-tolerant genotype among the examined varieties based on increased antioxidant potential and enhanced expression of genes encoding for PAL, CHS, and membrane transporters like SOS3, NHX-1, and HKT-1. The results presented in this work provide insight into the complex varying regulation patterns for different genes across the investigated rice varieties in providing salt tolerance and highlights distinct differences in expression patterns between susceptible and tolerant indica and japonica rice.
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18
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Kaur Dhaliwal L, Gannaban RB, Shrestha A, Shim J, Kaur Mangat P, Singleton JJ, Angeles‐Shim RB. Integrated morpho-biochemical and transcriptome analyses reveal multidimensional response of upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) to low temperature stress during seedling establishment. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2021; 2:290-302. [PMID: 37284178 PMCID: PMC10168043 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cotton is a tropical/subtropical crop and is innately susceptible to cold. Using an approach that integrates morphological, biochemical, and transcriptome analyses, the study aimed to understand the molecular underpinnings of phenotypic adjustments in cotton seedlings under cold stress. Exposure of six cotton accessions to 15°C during the seedling stage significantly reduced chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, plant height, and biomass, but increased malondialdehyde and proline production. Comparative transcriptome profiling of the cold-sensitive accession SA 3781 grown under low and normal temperatures showed the upregulation of genes related to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under cold stress. Despite a similar upregulation of genes encoding metabolites that can scavenge ROS and provide osmoprotection for the cell, the stressed plants still exhibited oxidative stress in terms of lipid peroxidation. This may be due in part to the upregulation of abscisic acid synthesis genes and downregulation of chlorophyll synthesis genes effecting lower stomatal conductance and chlorophyll contents, respectively. Additionally, stomatal closure which is required to avoid the cooling effect and dehydration under cold conditions may have contributed in reducing the net photosynthetic rates in plants exposed to low temperature. These findings provide an insight into the expression of key genes regulating the phenotypic changes observed in cotton in response to cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakhvir Kaur Dhaliwal
- Department of Plant and Soil ScienceCollege of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | - Ritchel B. Gannaban
- Department of Plant and Soil ScienceCollege of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
- Present address:
Department of Nutritional SciencesCollege of Human SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | - Avinash Shrestha
- Department of Plant and Soil ScienceCollege of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | - Junghyun Shim
- Department of Plant and Soil ScienceCollege of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
- Present address:
Olam International LimitedNasarawaNigeria
| | - Puneet Kaur Mangat
- Department of Plant and Soil ScienceCollege of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | - Joshua J. Singleton
- Department of Plant and Soil ScienceCollege of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
- Present address:
College of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Rosalyn B. Angeles‐Shim
- Department of Plant and Soil ScienceCollege of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
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19
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Li S, Chen K, Grierson D. Molecular and Hormonal Mechanisms Regulating Fleshy Fruit Ripening. Cells 2021; 10:1136. [PMID: 34066675 PMCID: PMC8151651 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This article focuses on the molecular and hormonal mechanisms underlying the control of fleshy fruit ripening and quality. Recent research on tomato shows that ethylene, acting through transcription factors, is responsible for the initiation of tomato ripening. Several other hormones, including abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA) and brassinosteroids (BR), promote ripening by upregulating ethylene biosynthesis genes in different fruits. Changes to histone marks and DNA methylation are associated with the activation of ripening genes and are necessary for ripening initiation. Light, detected by different photoreceptors and operating through ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5(HY5), also modulates ripening. Re-evaluation of the roles of 'master regulators' indicates that MADS-RIN, NAC-NOR, Nor-like1 and other MADS and NAC genes, together with ethylene, promote the full expression of genes required for further ethylene synthesis and change in colour, flavour, texture and progression of ripening. Several different types of non-coding RNAs are involved in regulating expression of ripening genes, but further clarification of their diverse mechanisms of action is required. We discuss a model that integrates the main hormonal and genetic regulatory interactions governing the ripening of tomato fruit and consider variations in ripening regulatory circuits that operate in other fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Kunsong Chen
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Donald Grierson
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
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20
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Diretto G, López-Jiménez AJ, Ahrazem O, Frusciante S, Song J, Rubio-Moraga Á, Gómez-Gómez L. Identification and characterization of apocarotenoid modifiers and carotenogenic enzymes for biosynthesis of crocins in Buddleja davidii flowers. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3200-3218. [PMID: 33544822 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Crocetin biosynthesis in Buddleja davidii flowers proceeds through a zeaxanthin cleavage pathway catalyzed by two carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (BdCCD4.1 and BdCCD4.3), followed by oxidation and glucosylation reactions that lead to the production of crocins. We isolated and analyzed the expression of 12 genes from the carotenoid pathway in B. davidii flowers and identified four candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of crocins (BdALDH, BdUGT74BC1, BdUGT74BC2, and BdUGT94AA3). In addition, we characterized the profile of crocins and their carotenoid precursors, following their accumulation during flower development. Overall, seven different crocins, crocetin, and picrocrocin were identified in this study. The accumulation of these apocarotenoids parallels tissue development, reaching the highest concentration when the flower is fully open. Notably, the pathway was regulated mainly at the transcript level, with expression patterns of a large group of carotenoid precursor and apocarotenoid genes (BdPSY2, BdPDS2, BdZDS, BdLCY2, BdBCH, BdALDH, and BdUGT Genes) mimicking the accumulation of crocins. Finally, we used comparative correlation network analysis to study how the synthesis of these valuable apocarotenoids diverges among B. davidii, Gardenia jasminoides, and Crocus sativus, highlighting distinctive differences which could be the basis of the differential accumulation of crocins in the three species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Diretto
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Biotechnology Laboratory, Casaccia Research Centre, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto José López-Jiménez
- Instituto Botánico. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete, Spain
| | - Oussama Ahrazem
- Instituto Botánico. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete, Spain
| | - Sarah Frusciante
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Biotechnology Laboratory, Casaccia Research Centre, Rome, Italy
| | - Jingyuan Song
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Yunnan Branch, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jinghong, China
| | - Ángela Rubio-Moraga
- Instituto Botánico. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete, Spain
| | - Lourdes Gómez-Gómez
- Instituto Botánico. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete, Spain
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21
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McGinty EM, Murphy KM, Hauvermale AL. Seed Dormancy and Preharvest Sprouting in Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:458. [PMID: 33670959 PMCID: PMC7997350 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a culturally significant staple food source that has been grown for thousands of years in South America. Due to its natural drought and salinity tolerance, quinoa has emerged as an agronomically important crop for production in marginal soils, in highly variable climates, and as part of diverse crop rotations. Primary areas of quinoa research have focused on improving resistance to abiotic stresses and disease, improving yields, and increasing nutrition. However, an evolving issue impacting quinoa seed end-use quality is preharvest sprouting (PHS), which is when seeds with little to no dormancy experience a rain event prior to harvest and sprout on the panicle. Far less is understood about the mechanisms that regulate quinoa seed dormancy and seed viability. This review will cover topics including seed dormancy, orthodox and unorthodox dormancy programs, desiccation sensitivity, environmental and hormonal mechanisms that regulate seed dormancy, and breeding and non-breeding strategies for enhancing resistance to PHS in quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M. McGinty
- The School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, P.O. Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Kevin M. Murphy
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Amber L. Hauvermale
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
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22
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Alferez F, de Carvalho DU, Boakye D. Interplay between Abscisic Acid and Gibberellins, as Related to Ethylene and Sugars, in Regulating Maturation of Non-Climacteric Fruit. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020669. [PMID: 33445409 PMCID: PMC7826998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we address the interaction between abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs) in regulating non-climacteric fruit development and maturation at the molecular level. We review the interplay of both plant growth regulators in regulating these processes in several fruit of economic importance such as grape berries, strawberry, and citrus, and show how understanding this interaction has resulted in useful agronomic management techniques. We then relate the interplay of both hormones with ethylene and other endogenous factors, such as sugar signaling. We finally review the growing knowledge related to abscisic acid, gibberellins, and the genus Citrus. We illustrate why this woody genus can be considered as an emerging model plant for understanding hormonal circuits in regulating different processes, as most of the finest work on this matter in recent years has been performed by using different Citrus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Alferez
- Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, Department of Horticulture, University of Florida–Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF–IFAS), Immokalee, FL 34142, USA; (D.U.d.C.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +239-658-3426; Fax: +239-658-3403
| | - Deived Uilian de Carvalho
- Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, Department of Horticulture, University of Florida–Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF–IFAS), Immokalee, FL 34142, USA; (D.U.d.C.); (D.B.)
- AC Jardim Bandeirante, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Jardim Portal de Versalhes 1 86057970, Londrina/PR 10011, Brazil
| | - Daniel Boakye
- Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, Department of Horticulture, University of Florida–Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF–IFAS), Immokalee, FL 34142, USA; (D.U.d.C.); (D.B.)
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23
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Tamaki S, Tanno Y, Kato S, Ozasa K, Wakazaki M, Sato M, Toyooka K, Maoka T, Ishikawa T, Maeda M, Shinomura T. Carotenoid accumulation in the eyespot apparatus required for phototaxis is independent of chloroplast development in Euglena gracilis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 298:110564. [PMID: 32771165 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Euglena gracilis exhibits photomovements in response to various light stimuli, such as phototactic and photophobic responses. Our recent study revealed that carotenoids in the eyespot apparatus are required for triggering phototaxis in this alga. However, the role of chloroplasts in eyespot formation is not understood. Here, we isolated carotenoid-less (cl) strains of E. gracilis from cells silenced gene expression of phytoene synthase (EgcrtB). Unlike WT, the culture colors of cl1, cl3, and the non-photosynthetic mutant SM-ZK were orange, while that of cl4 was white. Electron microscope observations showed that SM-ZK, cl1, and cl3 had no developed chloroplast and formed a normal eyespot apparatus, similar to that of WT, but this was not the case for cl4. Carotenoids detected in WT were diadinoxanthin, neoxanthin, and β-carotene. However, the most abundant species of SM-ZK, cl1, and cl3 was zeaxanthin, and there was no diadinoxanthin or neoxanthin. Photomovement analysis showed that SM-ZK, cl1, and cl3 exhibited negative phototactic and photophobic responses, similar to those of WT, whereas cl4 lacked negative phototaxis. Taken together, the formation of the eyespot apparatus required for phototaxis is independent of chloroplast development in E. gracilis, suggesting that this property is different from other photosynthetic flagellates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Tamaki
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-8551, Japan
| | - Yuri Tanno
- Division of Integrated Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University Graduate Schools, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-8551, Japan
| | - Shota Kato
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-8551, Japan
| | - Kazunari Ozasa
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mayumi Wakazaki
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mayuko Sato
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kiminori Toyooka
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Maoka
- Research Institute for Production Development, 15 Shimogamomorimoto-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-0805, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Mizuo Maeda
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shinomura
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-8551, Japan; Division of Integrated Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University Graduate Schools, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-8551, Japan.
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Transcriptome and Hormone Analyses Revealed Insights into Hormonal and Vesicle Trafficking Regulation among Olea europaea Fruit Tissues in Late Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144819. [PMID: 32650402 PMCID: PMC7404322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruit ripening and abscission are the results of the cell wall modification concerning different components of the signaling network. However, molecular-genetic information on the cross-talk between ripe fruit and their abscission zone (AZ) remains limited. In this study, we investigated transcriptional and hormonal changes in olive (Olea europaea L. cv Picual) pericarp and AZ tissues of fruit at the last stage of ripening, when fruit abscission occurs, to establish distinct tissue-specific expression patterns related to cell-wall modification, plant-hormone, and vesicle trafficking in combination with data on hormonal content. In this case, transcriptome profiling reveals that gene encoding members of the α-galactosidase and β-hexosaminidase families associated with up-regulation of RabB, RabD, and RabH classes of Rab-GTPases were exclusively transcribed in ripe fruit enriched in ABA, whereas genes of the arabinogalactan protein, laccase, lyase, endo-β-mannanase, ramnose synthase, and xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase families associated with up-regulation of RabC, RabE, and RabG classes of Rab-GTPases were exclusively transcribed in AZ-enriched mainly in JA, which provide the first insights into the functional divergences among these protein families. The enrichment of these protein families in different tissues in combination with data on transcript abundance offer a tenable set of key genes of the regulatory network between olive fruit tissues in late development.
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Liang B, Zheng Y, Wang J, Zhang W, Fu Y, Kai W, Xu Y, Yuan B, Li Q, Leng P. Overexpression of the persimmon abscisic acid β-glucosidase gene (DkBG1) alters fruit ripening in transgenic tomato. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:1220-1233. [PMID: 31960511 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
β-Glucosidases (BG) are present in many plant tissues. Among these, abscisic acid (ABA) β-glucosidases are thought to take part in the adjustment of cellular ABA levels, however the role of ABA-BG in fruits is still unclear. In this study, through RNA-seq analysis of persimmon fruit, 10 full-length DkBG genes were isolated and were all found to be expressed. In particular, DkBG1 was highly expressed in persimmon fruits with a maximum expression 95 days after full bloom (DAFD). We verified that, in vitro, DkBG1 protein can hydrolyze ABA-glucose ester (ABA-GE) to release free ABA. Compared with wild-type, tomato plants that overexpressed DkBG1 significantly upregulated the expression of ABA receptor PYL3/7 genes and showed typical symptoms of ABA hypersensitivity in fruits. DkBG1 overexpression (DkBG1-OE) accelerated fruit ripening onset by 3-4 days by increasing ABA levels at the pre-breaker stage and induced early ethylene release compared with wild-type fruits. DkBG1-OE altered the expression of ripening regulator NON-RIPENING (NOR) and its target genes; this in turn altered fruit quality traits such as coloration. Our results demonstrated that DkBG1 plays an important role in fruit ripening and quality by adjusting ABA levels via hydrolysis of ABA-GE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Fu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenbin Kai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yandan Xu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bing Yuan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ping Leng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Johnson N, Litt PK, Kniel KE, Bais H. Evasion of Plant Innate Defense Response by Salmonella on Lettuce. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:500. [PMID: 32318033 PMCID: PMC7147383 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To establish host association, the innate immune system, which is one of the first lines of defense against infectious disease, must be circumvented. Plants encounter enteric foodborne bacterial pathogens under both pre- and post-harvest conditions. Human enteric foodborne pathogens can use plants as temporary hosts. This unique interaction may result in recalls and illness outbreaks associated with raw agricultural commodities. The purpose of this study was to determine if Salmonella enterica Typhimurium applied to lettuce leaves can suppress the innate stomatal defense in lettuce and utilization of UD1022 as a biocontrol against this ingression. Lettuce leaves were spot inoculated with S. Typhimurium wild type and its mutants. Bacterial culture and confocal microscopy analysis of stomatal apertures were used to support findings of differences in S. Typhimurium mutants compared to wild type. The persistence and internalization of these strains on lettuce was compared over a 7-day trial. S. Typhimurium may bypass the innate stomatal closure defense response in lettuce. Interestingly, a few key T3SS components in S. Typhimurium were involved in overriding stomatal defense response in lettuce for ingression. We also show that the T3SS in S. Typhimurium plays a critical role in persistence of S. Typhimurium in planta. Salmonella populations were significantly reduced in all UD1022 groups by day 7 with the exception of fliB and invA mutants. Salmonella internalization was not detected in plants after UD1022 treatment and had significantly higher stomatal closure rates (aperture width = 2.34 μm) by day 1 compared to controls (8.5 μm). S. Typhimurium SPI1 and SPI2 mutants showed inability to reopen stomates in lettuce suggesting the involvement of key T3SS components in suppression of innate response in plants. These findings impact issues of contamination related to plant performance and innate defense responses for plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Johnson
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Pushpinder K. Litt
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Kalmia E. Kniel
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Harsh Bais
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
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Wei Y, Liu W, Hu W, Yan Y, Shi H. The chaperone MeHSP90 recruits MeWRKY20 and MeCatalase1 to regulate drought stress resistance in cassava. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:476-491. [PMID: 31782811 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The 90 kDa heat shock protein (HSP90) is widely involved in various developmental processes and stress responses in plants. However, the molecular chaperone HSP90-constructed protein complex and its function in cassava remain elusive. In this study, we report that HSP90 is essential for drought stress resistance in cassava by regulating abscisic acid (ABA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) using two specific protein inhibitors of HSP90 (geldanamycin (GDA) and radicicol (RAD)). Among 10 MeHSP90s, the transcript of MeHSP90.9 is largely induced during drought stress. Further investigation identifies MeWRKY20 and MeCatalase1 as MeHSP90.9-interacting proteins. MeHSP90.9-, MeWRKY20-, or MeCatalase1-silenced plants through virus-induced gene silencing display drought sensitivity in cassava, indicating that they are important to drought stress response. MeHSP90.9 can promote the direct transcriptional activation of MeWRKY20 on the W-box element of MeNCED5 promoter, encoding a key enzyme in ABA biosynthesis. Moreover, MeHSP90.9 positively regulates the activity of MeCatalase1, and MeHSP90.9-silenced cassava leaves accumulate more H2 O2 under drought stress. Taken together, we demonstrate that the MeHSP90.9 chaperone complex is a regulator of drought stress resistance in cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxie Wei
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/ Biotechnology Research Center, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Xueyuan Road 4, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
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Singh NK, Shukla P, Kirti PB. A CBL-interacting protein kinase AdCIPK5 confers salt and osmotic stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco. Sci Rep 2020; 10:418. [PMID: 31941979 PMCID: PMC6962456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57383-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CBL interacting protein kinases play important roles in adaptation to stress conditions. In the present study, we isolated a CBL-interacting protein kinase homolog (AdCIPK5) from a wild peanut (Arachis diogoi) with similarity to AtCIPK5 of Arabidopsis. Expression analyses in leaves of the wild peanut showed AdCIPK5 induction by exogenous signaling molecules including salicylic acid, abscisic acid and ethylene or abiotic stress factors like salt, PEG and sorbitol. The recombinant AdCIPK5-GFP protein was found to be localized to the nucleus, plasma membrane and cytoplasm. We overexpressed AdCIPK5 in tobacco plants and checked their level of tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. While wild type and transgenic plants displayed no significant differences to the treatment with the phytopathogen, Phytophthora parasitica pv nicotianae, the expression of AdCIPK5 increased salt and osmotic tolerance in transgenic plants. Analysis of different physiological parameters revealed that the transgenic plants maintained higher chlorophyll content and catalase activity with lower levels of H2O2 and MDA content during the abiotic stress conditions. AdCIPK5 overexpression also contributed to the maintenance of a higher the K+/Na+ ratio under salt stress. The enhanced tolerance of transgenic plants was associated with elevated expression of stress-related marker genes; NtERD10C, NtERD10D, NtNCED1, NtSus1, NtCAT and NtSOS1. Taken together, these results indicate that AdCIPK5 is a positive regulator of salt and osmotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar Singh
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
- Agricultural Research Organization-the Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road P.O.B 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel.
| | - Pawan Shukla
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
- Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, NH-1A, Gallandar, Pampore, 192121, J & K, India
| | - P B Kirti
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
- Agri Biotech Foundation, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
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Fu X, Liu H, Hassani D, Peng B, Yan X, Wang Y, Wang C, Li L, Liu P, Pan Q, Zhao J, Qian H, Sun X, Tang K. AaABCG40 Enhances Artemisinin Content and Modulates Drought Tolerance in Artemisia annua. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:950. [PMID: 32676091 PMCID: PMC7333515 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates plant growth, development, and responses to abiotic stresses, including senescence, seed germination, cold stress and drought. Several kinds of researches indicate that exogenous ABA can enhance artemisinin content in A. annua. Some transcription factors related to ABA signaling are identified to increase artemisinin accumulation through activating the artemisinin synthase genes. However, no prior study on ABA transporter has been performed in A. annua. Here, we identified a pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) transporter gene AaPDR4/AaABCG40 from A. annua. AaABCG40 was expressed mainly in roots, leaves, buds, and trichomes. GUS activity is primarily observed in roots and the vascular tissues of young leaves in proAaABCG40: GUS transgenic A. annua plants. When AaABCG40 was transferred into yeast AD12345678, yeasts expressing AaABCG40 accumulated more ABA than the control. The AaABCG40 overexpressing plants showed higher artemisinin content and stronger drought tolerance. Besides, the expression of CYP71AV1 in OE-AaABCG40 plants showed more sensitivity to exogenous ABA than that in both wild-type and iAaABCG40 plants. According to these results, they strongly suggest that AaABCG40 is involved in ABA transport in A. annua.
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Forlani S, Masiero S, Mizzotti C. Fruit ripening: the role of hormones, cell wall modifications, and their relationship with pathogens. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:2993-3006. [PMID: 30854549 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fruits result from complex biological processes that begin soon after fertilization. Among these processes are cell division and expansion, accumulation of secondary metabolites, and an increase in carbohydrate biosynthesis. Later fruit ripening is accomplished by chlorophyll degradation and cell wall lysis. Fruit maturation is an essential step to optimize seed dispersal, and is controlled by a complex network of transcription factors and genetic regulators that are strongly influenced by phytohormones. Abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene are the major regulators of ripening and senescence in both dry and fleshy fruits, as demonstrated by numerous ripening-defective mutants, effects of exogenous hormone application, and transcriptome analyses. While ethylene is the best characterized player in the final step of a fruit's life, ABA also has a key regulatory role, promoting ethylene production and acting as a stress-related hormone in response to drought and pathogen attack. In this review, we focus on the role of ABA and ethylene in relation to the interconnected biotic and abiotic phenomena that affect ripening and senescence. We integrate and discuss the most recent data available regarding these biological processes, which are crucial for post-harvest fruit conservation and for food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Forlani
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Masiero
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Mizzotti
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Tamaki S, Kato S, Shinomura T, Ishikawa T, Imaishi H. Physiological role of β-carotene monohydroxylase (CYP97H1) in carotenoid biosynthesis in Euglena gracilis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 278:80-87. [PMID: 30471732 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Some carotenoids are found in the Euglena gracilis, including β-carotene, diadinoxanthin, diatoxanthins, and neoxanthin as the major species; however, the molecular mechanism underlying carotenoid biosynthesis in E. gracilis is not well understood. To clarify the pathway and regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in this alga, we functionally characterized the cytochrome P450 (CYP)-type carotene hydroxylase gene EgCYP97H1. Heterologous in vivo enzyme assay in E. coli indicated that EgCYP97H1 hydroxylated β-carotene to β-cryptoxanthin. E. gracilis cells suppressing EgCYP97H1 resulted in marked growth inhibition and reductions in total carotenoid and chlorophyll contents. Analysis of carotenoid composition revealed that suppression of EgCYP97H1 resulted in higher level of β-carotene, suggesting that EgCYP97H1 is physiologically essential for carotenoid biosynthesis and thus normal cell growth. To our knowledge, this is the first time EgCYP97H1 has been suggested to be β-carotene monohydroxylase, but not β-carotene dihydroxylase. Moreover, during light adaptation of dark-grown E. gracilis, transcript levels of the carotenoid biosynthetic genes (EgCYP97H1, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase EgcrtE, and phytoene synthase EgcrtB) remained virtually unchanged. In contrast, carotenoid accumulation in E. gracilis grown under the same conditions was inhibited by treatment with a translational inhibitor but not a transcriptional inhibitor, indicating that photo-responsive carotenoid biosynthesis is regulated post-transcriptionally in this alga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Tamaki
- Division of Signal Responses, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shota Kato
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-8551, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shinomura
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-8551, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Imaishi
- Division of Signal Responses, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
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Liu J, Sherif SM. Hormonal Orchestration of Bud Dormancy Cycle in Deciduous Woody Perennials. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1136. [PMID: 31620159 PMCID: PMC6759871 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Woody perennials enter seasonal dormancy to avoid unfavorable environmental conditions. Plant hormones are the critical mediators regulating this complex process, which is subject to the influence of many internal and external factors. Over the last two decades, our knowledge of hormone-mediated dormancy has increased considerably, primarily due to advancements in molecular biology, omics, and bioinformatics. These advancements have enabled the elucidation of several aspects of hormonal regulation associated with bud dormancy in various deciduous tree species. Plant hormones interact with each other extensively in a context-dependent manner. The dormancy-associated MADS (DAM) transcription factors appear to enable hormones and other internal signals associated with the transition between different phases of bud dormancy. These proteins likely hold a great potential in deciphering the underlying mechanisms of dormancy initiation, maintenance, and release. In this review, a recent understanding of the roles of plant hormones, their cross talks, and their potential interactions with DAM proteins during dormancy is discussed.
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Peng T, Qiao M, Liu H, Teotia S, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Wang B, Zhao D, Shi L, Zhang C, Le B, Rogers K, Gunasekara C, Duan H, Gu Y, Tian L, Nie J, Qi J, Meng F, Huang L, Chen Q, Wang Z, Tang J, Tang X, Lan T, Chen X, Wei H, Zhao Q, Tang G. A Resource for Inactivation of MicroRNAs Using Short Tandem Target Mimic Technology in Model and Crop Plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:1400-1417. [PMID: 30243763 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that bind to mRNAs and target them for cleavage and/or translational repression, leading to gene silencing. We previously developed short tandem target mimic (STTM) technology to deactivate endogenous miRNAs in Arabidopsis. Here, we created hundreds of STTMs that target both conserved and species-specific miRNAs in Arabidopsis, tomato, rice, and maize, providing a resource for the functional interrogation of miRNAs. We not only revealed the functions of several miRNAs in plant development, but also demonstrated that tissue-specific inactivation of a few miRNAs in rice leads to an increase in grain size without adversely affecting overall plant growth and development. RNA-seq and small RNA-seq analyses of STTM156/157 and STTM165/166 transgenic plants revealed the roles of these miRNAs in plant hormone biosynthesis and activation, secondary metabolism, and ion-channel activity-associated electrophysiology, demonstrating that STTM technology is an effective approach for studying miRNA functions. To facilitate the study and application of STTM transgenic plants and to provide a useful platform for storing and sharing of information about miRNA-regulated gene networks, we have established an online Genome Browser (https://blossom.ffr.mtu.edu/designindex2.php) to display the transcriptomic and miRNAomic changes in STTM-induced miRNA knockdown plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Peng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Mengmeng Qiao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Haiping Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Sachin Teotia
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Zhanhui Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Yafan Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Bobo Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Dongjie Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Lina Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Brandon Le
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Kestrel Rogers
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Chathura Gunasekara
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Haitang Duan
- Department of Computer Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Yiyou Gu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Lei Tian
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Jinfu Nie
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China; Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China; Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Qi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China; Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fanrong Meng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Lan Huang
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qinghui Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA; Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Life Science and Technology Instituted, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Zhenlin Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Jinshan Tang
- School of Technology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Tang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Ting Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China.
| | - Hairong Wei
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China.
| | - Quanzhi Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Guiliang Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science and Technology Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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Chen HC, Cheng WH, Hong CY, Chang YS, Chang MC. The transcription factor OsbHLH035 mediates seed germination and enables seedling recovery from salt stress through ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways, respectively. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 11:50. [PMID: 30203325 PMCID: PMC6134479 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-018-0244-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many transcription factors (TFs), such as those in the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family, are important for regulating plant growth and plant responses to abiotic stress. The expression of OsbHLH035 is induced by drought and salinity. However, its functional role in rice growth, development, and the salt response is still unknown. RESULTS The bHLH TF OsbHLH035 is a salt-induced gene that is primarily expressed in germinating seeds and seedlings. Stable expression of GFP-fused OsbHLH035 in rice transgenic plants revealed that this protein is predominantly localized to the nucleus. Osbhlh035 mutants show delayed seed germination, particularly under salt-stress conditions. In parallel, abscisic acid (ABA) contents are over-accumulated, and the expression of the ABA biosynthetic genes OsABA2 and OsAAO3 is upregulated; furthermore, compared with that in wild-type (WT) seedlings, the salt-induced expression of OsABA8ox1, an ABA catabolic gene, in germinating Osbhlh035 mutant seeds is downregulated. Moreover, Osbhlh035 mutant seedlings are unable to recover from salt-stress treatment. Consistently, sodium is over-accumulated in aerial tissues but slightly reduced in terrestrial tissues from Osbhlh035 seedlings after salt treatment. Additionally, the expression of the sodium transporters OsHKT1;3 and 1;5 is reduced in Osbhlh035 aerial and terrestrial tissues, respectively. Furthermore, genetic complementation can restore both the delayed seed germination and the impaired recovery of salt-treated Osbhlh035 seedlings to normal growth. CONCLUSION OsbHLH035 mediates seed germination and seedling recovery after salt stress relief through the ABA-dependent and ABA-independent activation of OsHKT pathways, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chi Chen
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wan-Hsing Cheng
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chwan-Yang Hong
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Sen Chang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Men-Chi Chang
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Dai S, Kai W, Liang B, Wang J, Jiang L, Du Y, Sun Y, Leng P. The functional analysis of SlNCED1 in tomato pollen development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3457-3472. [PMID: 29632966 PMCID: PMC11105544 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2809-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates plant growth and development, but the role of ABA in the development of reproductive organs in tomato has rarely been addressed. In the present study, the role of ABA in the regulation of male and female gametogenesis as well as pollen development and germination is tested in tomato. qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization analysis of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (SlNCED1), a key enzyme in the ABA biosynthetic pathway, showed high expression of SlNCED1 primarily in the meristem during gametogenesis and mainly in ovule, stigma, anther/pollen and vascular tissues during floral organ development. SlNCED1 expression and ABA accumulation in anther peak at stages 13-14, suggesting that ABA plays a role in the primary formation of pollen grains. Over expression and suppression of SlNCED1 led to the abnormal development of anther/pollen, especially in SlNCED1-OE lines, which have serious pollen deterioration. The percentage of pollen germination in wild type is 91.47%, whereas it is 6.85% in OE transgenic lines and 38.4% at anthesis in RNAi lines. RNA-Seq of anthers shows that SlNCED1-OE can significantly enhance the expression of SlPP2Cs and down-regulate the expression of SlMYB108 and SlMYB21, which are anther/flower-specific transcriptional factors in tomato. Finally, anther transcriptome data indicate that SlNCED1 is involved in ABA-mediated regulation in pollen/anther metabolism, cell wall modification, and transcription levels. These results support an important role for ABA in the development of reproductive organs in tomato and contribute to the elucidation of the underlying regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Dai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Wenbin Kai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bin Liang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Li Jiang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yangwei Du
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yufei Sun
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ping Leng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Cremon T, Dresch DM, Scalon SPQ, Masetto TE. Drying and reduction in sensitivity to desiccation of seeds of Alibertia edulis: the influence of fruit ripening stage. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 90:1481-1491. [PMID: 29898107 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820170664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The intense environmental degradation in tropical regions suitable for agriculture has decreased native forest populations of plants with important fruits and medicinal properties. Alibertia edulis is a native tree from the Brazilian Cerrado. Knowledge about the effects of drying and storage on the physiological behavior of its seeds may aid in its sustainable exploitation and conservation. The goal of the present study was to determine which fruit ripening stage results in A. edulis seeds with higher tolerance to desiccation, and to investigate the effectiveness of polyethylene glycol (PEG) induced osmotic stress in combination with abscisic acid (ABA) in increasing seed desiccation tolerance during storage. Seeds were dried in activated silica gel (fast) or under ambient conditions (slow). Seeds originating from mid-ripe or fully ripe fruits exhibited better physiological performance than those obtained from green fruits. Slow drying resulted in seeds with high physiological potential. Seeds may be stored for up to 180 days without losing viability when treated with -0.73 MPa PEG without ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Cremon
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias/FCA, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados/UFGD, Rodovia Dourados, Itahum, Km 12, Cidade Universitária, 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Daiane M Dresch
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias/FCA, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados/UFGD, Rodovia Dourados, Itahum, Km 12, Cidade Universitária, 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Silvana P Q Scalon
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias/FCA, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados/UFGD, Rodovia Dourados, Itahum, Km 12, Cidade Universitária, 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Tathiana E Masetto
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias/FCA, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados/UFGD, Rodovia Dourados, Itahum, Km 12, Cidade Universitária, 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
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Neugart S, Wiesner-Reinhold M, Frede K, Jander E, Homann T, Rawel HM, Schreiner M, Baldermann S. Effect of Solid Biological Waste Compost on the Metabolite Profile of Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:305. [PMID: 29616051 PMCID: PMC5864931 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Large quantities of biological waste are generated at various steps within the food production chain and a great utilization potential for this solid biological waste exists apart from the current main usage for the feedstuff sector. It remains unclear how the usage of biological waste as compost modulates plant metabolites. We investigated the effect of biological waste of the processing of coffee, aronia, and hop added to soil on the plant metabolite profile by means of liquid chromatography in pak choi sprouts. Here we demonstrate that the solid biological waste composts induced specific changes in the metabolite profiles and the changes are depending on the type of the organic residues and its concentration in soil. The targeted analysis of selected plant metabolites, associated with health beneficial properties of the Brassicaceae family, revealed increased concentrations of carotenoids (up to 3.2-fold) and decreased amounts of glucosinolates (up to 4.7-fold) as well as phenolic compounds (up to 1.5-fold).
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Neugart
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
| | | | - Katja Frede
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Jander
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Thomas Homann
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Harshadrai M. Rawel
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Susanne Baldermann
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
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Huang Y, Guo Y, Liu Y, Zhang F, Wang Z, Wang H, Wang F, Li D, Mao D, Luan S, Liang M, Chen L. 9- cis-Epoxycarotenoid Dioxygenase 3 Regulates Plant Growth and Enhances Multi-Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:162. [PMID: 29559982 PMCID: PMC5845534 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Although abscisic acid (ABA) is an important hormone that regulates seed dormancy, stomatal closure, plant development, as well as responses to environmental stimuli, the physiological mechanisms of ABA response to multiple stress in rice remain poorly understood. In the ABA biosynthetic pathway, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) is the key rate-limiting enzyme. Here, we report important functions of OsNCED3 in multi-abiotic stress tolerance in rice. The OsNCED3 is constitutively expressed in various tissues under normal condition, Its expression is highly induced by NaCl, PEG, and H2O2 stress, suggesting the roles for OsNCED3 in response to the multi-abiotic stress tolerance in rice. Compared with wild-type plants, nced3 mutants had earlier seed germination, longer post-germination seedling growth, increased sensitivity to water stress and H2O2 stress and increased stomata aperture under water stress and delayed leaf senescence. Further analysis found that nced3 mutants contained lower ABA content compared with wild-type plants, overexpression of OsNCED3 in transgenic plants could enhance water stress tolerance, promote leaf senescence and increase ABA content. We conclude that OsNCED3 mediates seed dormancy, plant growth, abiotic stress tolerance, and leaf senescence by regulating ABA biosynthesis in rice; and may provide a new strategy for improving the quality of crop.
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Cloning and molecular evolution of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase gene (NCED3) in six species of Glycyrrhiza L. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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40
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Lv A, Fan N, Xie J, Yuan S, An Y, Zhou P. Expression of CdDHN4, a Novel YSK 2-Type Dehydrin Gene from Bermudagrass, Responses to Drought Stress through the ABA-Dependent Signal Pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:748. [PMID: 28559903 PMCID: PMC5433092 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Dehydrin improves plant resistance to many abiotic stresses. In this study, the expression profiles of a dehydrin gene, CdDHN4, were estimated under various stresses and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments in two bermudagrasses (Cynodon dactylon L.): Tifway (drought-tolerant) and C299 (drought-sensitive). The expression of CdDHN4 was up-regulated by high temperatures, low temperatures, drought, salt and ABA. The sensitivity of CdDHN4 to ABA and the expression of CdDHN4 under drought conditions were higher in Tifway than in C299. A 1239-bp fragment, CdDHN4-P, the partial upstream sequence of the CdDHN4 gene, was cloned by genomic walking from Tifway. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the CdDHN4-P sequence possessed features typical of a plant promoter and contained many typical cis elements, including a transcription initiation site, a TATA-box, an ABRE, an MBS, a MYC, an LTRE, a TATC-box and a GT1-motif. Transient expression in tobacco leaves demonstrated that the promoter CdDHN4-P can be activated by ABA, drought and cold. These results indicate that CdDHN4 is regulated by an ABA-dependent signal pathway and that the high sensitivity of CdDHN4 to ABA might be an important mechanism enhancing the drought tolerance of bermudagrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Lv
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Nana Fan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jianping Xie
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Shili Yuan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yuan An
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of AgricultureShanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
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41
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Dziurka M, Janeczko A, Juhász C, Gullner G, Oklestková J, Novák O, Saja D, Skoczowski A, Tóbiás I, Barna B. Local and systemic hormonal responses in pepper leaves during compatible and incompatible pepper-tobamovirus interactions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 109:355-364. [PMID: 27810675 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormone levels and the expression of genes encoding key enzymes participating in hormone biosynthetic pathways were investigated in pepper leaves inoculated with two different tobamoviruses. Obuda pepper virus (ObPV) inoculation led to the development of hypersensitive reaction (incompatible interaction), while Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) inoculation resulted in a systemic, compatible interaction. ObPV-inoculation markedly increased not only the levels of salicylic acid (SA) (73-fold) and jasmonic acid (8-fold) but also those of abscisic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, cis-zeatin, cis-zeatin-9-riboside and trans-zeatin-9-riboside in the inoculated pepper leaves 3 days post inoculation. PMMoV infection increased only the contents of gibberellic acid and SA. Hormone contents did not change significantly after ObPV or PMMoV infection in non-infected upper leaves 20 days post inoculation. Concentrations of some brassinosteroids (BRs) and progesterone increased both in ObPV- and PMMoV inoculated leaves. ObPV inoculation markedly induced the expression of three phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO) genes, while that of an isochorismate synthase (ICS) gene was not modified. PMMoV inoculation did not alter the expression of PAL and ICS genes but induced the transcript abundance of ACO although later than ObPV. Pre-treatment of pepper leaves with exogenous 24-epi-brassinolide (24-epi-BR) prior to ObPV-inoculation strongly mitigated the visible symptoms caused by ObPV. In addition, 24-epi-BR pre-treatment markedly altered the level of several hormones in pepper leaves following ObPV-inoculation. These data indicate that ObPV- and PMMoV-inoculations lead to intricate but well harmonized hormonal responses that are largely determined by the incompatible or compatible nature of plant-virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Dziurka
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Janeczko
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Csilla Juhász
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Gullner
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jana Oklestková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Diana Saja
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Skoczowski
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - István Tóbiás
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Barna
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary.
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Huang L, Hong Y, Zhang H, Li D, Song F. Rice NAC transcription factor ONAC095 plays opposite roles in drought and cold stress tolerance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:203. [PMID: 27646344 PMCID: PMC5029094 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0897-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NAC (NAM, ATAF and CUC) transcriptional factors constitute a large family with more than 150 members in rice and some of them have been demonstrated to play crucial roles in plant abiotic stress response. Here, we report the characterization of a rice stress-responsive NAC gene, ONAC095, and the exploration of its function in drought and cold stress tolerance. RESULTS Expression of ONAC095 was up-regulated by drought stress and abscisic acid (ABA) but down-regulated by cold stress. ONAC095 protein had transactivation activity and the C2 domain in C-terminal was found to be critical for transactivation activity. Transgenic rice lines with overexpression of ONAC095 (ONAC095-OE) and dominant chimeric repressor-mediated suppression of ONAC095 (ONAC095-SRDX) were generated. The ONAC095-OE plants showed comparable phenotype to wild type under drought and cold stress conditions. However, the ONAC095-SRDX plants displayed an improved drought tolerance but exhibited an attenuated cold tolerance. The ONAC095-SRDX plants had decreased water loss rate, increased proline and soluble sugar contents, and up-regulated expression of drought-responsive genes under drought condition, whereas the ONAC095-SRDX plants accumulated excess reactive oxygen species, increased malondialdehyde content and down-regulated expression of cold-responsive genes under cold condition. Furthermore, ONAC095-SRDX plants showed an increased ABA sensitivity, contained an elevated ABA level, and displayed altered expression of ABA biosynthetic and metabolic genes as well as some ABA signaling-related genes. CONCLUSION Functional analyses through dominant chimeric repressor-mediated suppression of ONAC095 demonstrate that ONAC095 plays opposite roles in drought and cold stress tolerance, acting as a negative regulator of drought response but as a positive regulator of cold response in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongbo Hong
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dayong Li
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengming Song
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
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Errard A, Ulrichs C, Kühne S, Mewis I, Mishig N, Maul R, Drungowski M, Parolin P, Schreiner M, Baldermann S. Metabolite Profiling Reveals a Specific Response in Tomato to Predaceous Chrysoperla carnea Larvae and Herbivore(s)-Predator Interactions with the Generalist Pests Tetranychus urticae and Myzus persicae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1256. [PMID: 27610113 PMCID: PMC4997045 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch and the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) both infest a number of economically significant crops, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Although used for decades to control pests, the impact of green lacewing larvae Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) on plant biochemistry was not investigated. Here, we used profiling methods and targeted analyses to explore the impact of the predator and herbivore(s)-predator interactions on tomato biochemistry. Each pest and pest-predator combination induced a characteristic metabolite signature in the leaf and the fruit thus, the plant exhibited a systemic response. The treatments had a stronger impact on non-volatile metabolites including abscisic acid and amino acids in the leaves in comparison with the fruits. In contrast, the various biotic factors had a greater impact on the carotenoids in the fruits. We identified volatiles such as myrcene and α-terpinene which were induced by pest-predator interactions but not by single species, and we demonstrated the involvement of the phytohormone abscisic acid in tritrophic interactions for the first time. More importantly, C. carnea larvae alone impacted the plant metabolome, but the predator did not appear to elicit particular defense pathways on its own. Since the presence of both C. carnea larvae and pest individuals elicited volatiles which were shown to contribute to plant defense, C. carnea larvae could therefore contribute to the reduction of pest infestation, not only by its preying activity, but also by priming responses to generalist herbivores such as T. urticae and M. persicae. On the other hand, the use of C. carnea larvae alone did not impact carotenoids thus, was not prejudicial to the fruit quality. The present piece of research highlights the specific impact of predator and tritrophic interactions with green lacewing larvae, spider mites, and aphids on different components of the tomato primary and secondary metabolism for the first time, and provides cues for further in-depth studies aiming to integrate entomological approaches and plant biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Errard
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsGroßbeeren, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of PotsdamNuthetal, Germany
| | - Christian Ulrichs
- Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Kühne
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Center for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Strategies and Technology AssessmentKleinmachnow, Germany
| | - Inga Mewis
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Center for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product ProtectionBerlin, Germany
| | - Narantuya Mishig
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsGroßbeeren, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of PotsdamNuthetal, Germany
| | - Ronald Maul
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsGroßbeeren, Germany
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of HamburgHamburg, Germany
| | - Mario Drungowski
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsGroßbeeren, Germany
| | - Pia Parolin
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR 1355-7254, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Center National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université de Nice Sophia AntipolisSophia Antipolis, France
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsGroßbeeren, Germany
| | - Susanne Baldermann
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsGroßbeeren, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of PotsdamNuthetal, Germany
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Zhang P, Fuentes S, Siebert T, Krstic M, Herderich M, Barlow EWR, Howell K. Terpene evolution during the development of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz grapes. Food Chem 2016; 204:463-474. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Sah SK, Reddy KR, Li J. Abscisic Acid and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:571. [PMID: 27200044 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00571/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress is a primary threat to fulfill the demand of agricultural production to feed the world in coming decades. Plants reduce growth and development process during stress conditions, which ultimately affect the yield. In stress conditions, plants develop various stress mechanism to face the magnitude of stress challenges, although that is not enough to protect them. Therefore, many strategies have been used to produce abiotic stress tolerance crop plants, among them, abscisic acid (ABA) phytohormone engineering could be one of the methods of choice. ABA is an isoprenoid phytohormone, which regulates various physiological processes ranging from stomatal opening to protein storage and provides adaptation to many stresses like drought, salt, and cold stresses. ABA is also called an important messenger that acts as the signaling mediator for regulating the adaptive response of plants to different environmental stress conditions. In this review, we will discuss the role of ABA in response to abiotic stress at the molecular level and ABA signaling. The review also deals with the effect of ABA in respect to gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj K Sah
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University Mississippi State, Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Kambham R Reddy
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University Mississippi State, Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Jiaxu Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University Mississippi State, Mississippi, MS, USA
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Sah SK, Reddy KR, Li J. Abscisic Acid and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:571. [PMID: 27200044 PMCID: PMC4855980 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 556] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress is a primary threat to fulfill the demand of agricultural production to feed the world in coming decades. Plants reduce growth and development process during stress conditions, which ultimately affect the yield. In stress conditions, plants develop various stress mechanism to face the magnitude of stress challenges, although that is not enough to protect them. Therefore, many strategies have been used to produce abiotic stress tolerance crop plants, among them, abscisic acid (ABA) phytohormone engineering could be one of the methods of choice. ABA is an isoprenoid phytohormone, which regulates various physiological processes ranging from stomatal opening to protein storage and provides adaptation to many stresses like drought, salt, and cold stresses. ABA is also called an important messenger that acts as the signaling mediator for regulating the adaptive response of plants to different environmental stress conditions. In this review, we will discuss the role of ABA in response to abiotic stress at the molecular level and ABA signaling. The review also deals with the effect of ABA in respect to gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj K. Sah
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State UniversityMississippi State, Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Kambham R. Reddy
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State UniversityMississippi State, Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Jiaxu Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State UniversityMississippi State, Mississippi, MS, USA
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Janiak A, Kwaśniewski M, Szarejko I. Gene expression regulation in roots under drought. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:1003-14. [PMID: 26663562 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Stress signalling and regulatory networks controlling expression of target genes are the basis of plant response to drought. Roots are the first organs exposed to water deficiency in the soil and are the place of drought sensing. Signalling cascades transfer chemical signals toward the shoot and initiate molecular responses that lead to the biochemical and morphological changes that allow plants to be protected against water loss and to tolerate stress conditions. Here, we present an overview of signalling network and gene expression regulation pathways that are actively induced in roots under drought stress. In particular, the role of several transcription factor (TF) families, including DREB, AP2/ERF, NAC, bZIP, MYC, CAMTA, Alfin-like and Q-type ZFP, in the regulation of root response to drought are highlighted. The information provided includes available data on mutual interactions between these TFs together with their regulation by plant hormones and other signalling molecules. The most significant downstream target genes and molecular processes that are controlled by the regulatory factors are given. These data are also coupled with information about the influence of the described regulatory networks on root traits and root development which may translate to enhanced drought tolerance. This is the first literature survey demonstrating the gene expression regulatory machinery that is induced by drought stress, presented from the perspective of roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Janiak
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Mirosław Kwaśniewski
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Iwona Szarejko
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
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Zhang Y, Lan H, Shao Q, Wang R, Chen H, Tang H, Zhang H, Huang J. An A20/AN1-type zinc finger protein modulates gibberellins and abscisic acid contents and increases sensitivity to abiotic stress in rice (Oryza sativa). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:315-26. [PMID: 26512055 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormones gibberellins (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) play important roles in plant development and stress responses. Here we report a novel A20/AN1-type zinc finger protein ZFP185 involved in GA and ABA signaling in the regulation of growth and stress response. ZFP185 was constitutively expressed in various rice tissues. Overexpression of ZFP185 in rice results in a semi-dwarfism phenotype, reduced cell size, and the decrease of endogenous GA3 content. By contrast, higher GA3 content was observed in RNAi plants. The application of exogenous GA3 can fully rescue the semi-dwarfism phenotype of ZFP185 overexpressing plants, suggesting the negative role of ZFP185 in GA biosynthesis. Besides GA, overexpression of ZFP185 decreased ABA content and expression of several ABA biosynthesis-related genes. Moreover, it was found that ZFP185, unlike previously known A20/AN1-type zinc finger genes, increases sensitivity to drought, cold, and salt stresses, implying the negative role of ZFP185 in stress tolerance. ZFP185 was localized in the cytoplasm and lacked transcriptional activation potential. Our study suggests that ZFP185 regulates plant growth and stress responses by affecting GA and ABA biosynthesis in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongxia Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qiaolin Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ruqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haijuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongsheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Ji Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Hong Y, Zhang H, Huang L, Li D, Song F. Overexpression of a Stress-Responsive NAC Transcription Factor Gene ONAC022 Improves Drought and Salt Tolerance in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:4. [PMID: 26834774 PMCID: PMC4722120 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The NAC transcription factors play critical roles in regulating stress responses in plants. However, the functions for many of the NAC family members in rice are yet to be identified. In the present study, a novel stress-responsive rice NAC gene, ONAC022, was identified. Expression of ONAC022 was induced by drought, high salinity, and abscisic acid (ABA). The ONAC022 protein was found to bind specifically to a canonical NAC recognition cis-element sequence and showed transactivation activity at its C-terminus in yeast. The ONAC022 protein was localized to nucleus when transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. Three independent transgenic rice lines with overexpression of ONAC022 were generated and used to explore the function of ONAC022 in drought and salt stress tolerance. Under drought stress condition in greenhouse, soil-grown ONAC022-overexpressing (N22oe) transgenic rice plants showed an increased drought tolerance, leading to higher survival ratios and better growth than wild-type (WT) plants. When grown hydroponically in Hogland solution supplemented with 150 mM NaCl, the N22oe plants displayed an enhanced salt tolerance and accumulated less Na(+) in roots and shoots as compared to WT plants. Under drought stress condition, the N22oe plants exhibited decreased rates of water loss and transpiration, reduced percentage of open stomata and increased contents of proline and soluble sugars. However, the N22oe lines showed increased sensitivity to exogenous ABA at seed germination and seedling growth stages but contained higher level of endogenous ABA. Expression of some ABA biosynthetic genes (OsNCEDs and OsPSY), signaling and regulatory genes (OsPP2C02, OsPP2C49, OsPP2C68, OsbZIP23, OsAP37, OsDREB2a, and OsMYB2), and late stress-responsive genes (OsRAB21, OsLEA3, and OsP5CS1) was upregulated in N22oe plants. Our data demonstrate that ONAC022 functions as a stress-responsive NAC with transcriptional activator activity and plays a positive role in drought and salt stress tolerance through modulating an ABA-mediated pathway.
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Sun Y, Yu D. Activated expression of AtWRKY53 negatively regulates drought tolerance by mediating stomatal movement. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:1295-306. [PMID: 25861729 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1787-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
AtWRKY53 is an early factor in drought response and activated expression of AtWRKY53 regulates stomatal movement via reduction of H 2 O 2 content and promotion of starch metabolism in guard cells. Drought is one of the most serious environmental factors limiting the productivity of agricultural crops worldwide. However, the mechanisms underlying drought tolerance in plants remain unclear. AtWRKY53 belongs to the group III of WRKY transcription factors. In this study, we observed both the mRNA and protein products of this gene are rapidly induced under drought conditions. Phenotypic analysis showed AtWRKY53 overexpression lines were hypersensitive to drought stress compared with Col-0 plants. The results of stomatal movement assays and abscisic acid (ABA) content detection indicated that the impaired stomatal closure of 53OV lines was independent of ABA. Further analysis found that WRKY53 regulated stomatal movement via reducing the H2O2 content and promoting the starch metabolism in guard cells. The results of quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR showed that the expression levels of CAT2, CAT3 and QQS were up-regulated in 53OV lines. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that AtWRKY53 can directly bind to the QQS promoter sequences, thus led to increased starch metabolism. In summary, our results indicated that the activated expression of AtWRKY53 inhibited stomatal closure by reducing H2O2 content and facilitated stomatal opening by promoting starch degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiding Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
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