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Mazur M, Przytuła A, Szymańska M, Popiołek-Kalisz J. Dietary strategies for cardiovascular disease risk factors prevention. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102746. [PMID: 39002618 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Nutrition can play a key role in cardiovascular disease risk reduction, and its risk factors modification. This paper aims to present, compare, and summarize the main dietary concepts for preventing the main cardiovascular disease risk factors - obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. The dietary models and macronutrient intakes were compared between main cardiovascular risk factors prevention recommendations. Dietary recommendations related to selected cardiovascular risk factors share the points, that can be suggested as crucial for overall cardiovascular risk factors reduction. Recommendations suggest limiting saturated fatty acids intake to <10% of total caloric intake in obesity, and <7 % in hypercholesterolemia, along with an increased intake of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. In addition, daily dietary fiber intake should reach a level of 25-40 g. The vegetables and fruits should be consumed at a daily minimum level of 200g (or 4-5 portions) each. Salt intake should not exceed 5g/day. Alcohol should be generally avoided, and moderate intake levels (sex-specific) should not be exceeded. It is also worth noting, that proteins are essential for tissue formation and regeneration. Carbohydrates are the main source of energy, but it is necessary to choose products with a low glycemic index. Dietary antioxidants help combat free radicals and prevent cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Mazur
- Lifestyle Medicine Students' Club, Medical University of Lublin, Poland, ul. Chodzki 7, Lublin 20-093, Poland
| | - Agata Przytuła
- Clinical Dietetics Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland, ul. Chodzki 7, Lublin 20-093, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szymańska
- Clinical Dietetics Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland, ul. Chodzki 7, Lublin 20-093, Poland
| | - Joanna Popiołek-Kalisz
- Clinical Dietetics Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland, ul. Chodzki 7, Lublin 20-093, Poland; Department of Cardiology, Cardinal Wyszynski Hospital in Lublin, Poland, al. Krasnicka 100, Lublin 20-718, Poland.
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Xiao Y, Xiao X, Zhang X, Yi D, Li T, Hao Q, Zhang F, Li X, Wang N. Mediterranean diet in the targeted prevention and personalized treatment of chronic diseases: evidence, potential mechanisms, and prospects. EPMA J 2024; 15:207-220. [PMID: 38841625 PMCID: PMC11147989 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-024-00360-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic diseases is currently a major public health issue worldwide and is exploding with the population growth and aging. Dietary patterns are well known to play a important role in our overall health and well-being, and therefore, poor diet and malnutrition are among the most critical risk factors for chronic disease. Thus, dietary recommendation and nutritional supplementation have significant clinical implications for the targeted treatment of some of these diseases. Multiple dietary patterns have been proposed to prevent chronic disease incidence, like Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and Diabetes Risk Reduction Diet (DRRD). Among them, the MedDiet, which is one of the most well-known and studied dietary patterns in the world, has been related to a wide extent of health benefits. Substantial evidence has supported an important reverse association between higher compliance to MedDiet and the risk of chronic disease. Innovative strategies within the healthcare framework of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM/3PM) view personalized dietary customization as a predictive medical approach, cost-effective preventive measures, and the optimal dietary treatment tailored to the characteristics of patients with chronic diseases in primary and secondary care. Through a comprehensive collection and review of available evidence, this review summarizes health benefits of MedDiet in the context of PPPM/3PM for chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, and cancer, thereby a working hypothesis that MedDiet can personalize the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases was derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Xiao
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
- Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Xiao
- Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
- The Second People’s Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongxin Yi
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiangqiang Hao
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Ningning Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Global Health Research Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
- Global Health Research Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
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Ng AP, Jessri M, L’Abbé MR. Adherence to a priori dietary patterns in relation to obesity: results from two cycles of the Canadian National Nutrition Survey. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:1596-1608. [PMID: 37129093 PMCID: PMC10410395 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023000903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether adherence to the Mediterranean diet, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) or a dietary pattern in-line with the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) was associated with obesity. DESIGN 24-h dietary recall data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)-Nutrition, 2004 and 2015 cycles, were analysed. Diet quality index scores were computed for the Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Score (MSDPS), a DASH index and the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Adherence Index (DGAI). Higher scores indicated greater adherence. Association between scores and obesity was examined using logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, physical activity, smoking status, sequence of dietary recall and alcohol and energy intake. SETTING Canada (excluding territories and the institutionalised population). PARTICIPANTS Canadian adults (≥ 18 years), non-pregnant and non-breast-feeding; 11 748 from CCHS 2004 and 12 110 from CCHS 2015. The percentage of females in each sample was 50 %. RESULTS Mean MSDPS, DASH and DGAI scores were marginally but significantly higher in CCHS 2015 than in CCHS 2004. Those affected by obesity obtained lower scores for all indexes in CCHS 2004 (OR 10th v. 90th percentile for DASH: 2·23 (95 % CI 1·50, 3·32), DGAI: 3·01 (95 % CI 1·98, 4·57), MSDPS: 2·02 (95 % CI 1·14, 3·58)). Similar results were observed in CCHS 2015; however, results for MSDPS were not significant (OR 10th v. 90th percentile for DASH: 2·45 (95 % CI 1·72, 3·49), DGAI: 2·73 (95 % CI 1·85, 4·03); MSDPS: 1·30 (95 % CI 0·82, 2·06)). CONCLUSION Following DASH or the 2015-2020 DGA was associated with a lower likelihood of obesity. Findings do not indicate causation, as the data are cross-sectional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Praneet Ng
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mahsa Jessri
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (CHSPR), Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mary R L’Abbé
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Dominguez LJ, Veronese N, Di Bella G, Cusumano C, Parisi A, Tagliaferri F, Ciriminna S, Barbagallo M. Mediterranean diet in the management and prevention of obesity. Exp Gerontol 2023; 174:112121. [PMID: 36792040 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The current pandemic of obesity represents a major global public health problem, mainly due to its association with chronic non-communicable disabling conditions and with increased mortality. Population aging increases the chances of non-communicable chronic diseases allowing a longer exposure to risk factors for these disabling conditions. Obesity is a major risk factor contributing to pathological aging. Numerous epidemiological studies have shown that the risk of death due to cardiovascular disease and cancer increases progressively as overweight and obesity rise. Nutrition research is now focused on the effects of combinations of foods in dietary patterns instead of those of single nutrients or foods. The dietary model with the largest body of evidence of health benefit is that traditionally followed by inhabitants of some Mediterranean countries. There is evidence confirming the inverse association of adhering to Mediterranean diet with overweight and obesity. Four meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials, including up to 16 trials, have shown a greater reduction of body weight and BMI with MedDiet compared to other diets, while a meta-analysis of 7 prospective cohort studies, found a reduced risk of becoming obese and gaining weight over time associated with a higher adherence to MedDiet. This narrative review examines studies reporting inverse associations of a higher adherence to the MedDiet with overweight/obesity and with age-associated chronic diseases related to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia J Dominguez
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, "Kore" University of Enna, Enna, Italy; Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Di Bella
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Cusumano
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela Parisi
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Federica Tagliaferri
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Ciriminna
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Barbagallo
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Ertaş Öztürk Y, Helvaci EM, Sökülmez Kaya P, Terzi M. Is Mediterranean diet associated with multiple sclerosis related symptoms and fatigue severity? Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:228-234. [PMID: 35143375 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2034241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nutrition modulation can reduce multiple sclerosis (MS) related symptoms and fatigue severity. Mediterranean diet may be beneficial regarding anti-inflammatory components. However, previous studies are limited. This study aims to investigate the relationship between Mediterranean diet adherence and MS-related symptoms and fatigue severity. METHODS One hundred and two adult MS patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Dietary adherence was assessed using the Mediterranean diet assessment tool (MEDAS). MS-related symptoms were determined using the MS-related symptom checklist (MS-RS), and the fatigue severity scale (FSS) was applied. Linear regression models were established to assess predicted factors of MS-RS and FSS. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 33.1 ± 9.81 years. Being female and having higher education degree was 71.6% and 60.8%, respectively. In the linear regression model, MEDAS were not associated with MS-RS but negatively associated with FSS scores. MS-RS scores were significantly higher among participants who consumed more than one serving of red meat or products per day. Those who consumed less than one serving of butter, margarine, or cream per day reported lower FSS scores. Some trend significances were shown to consume limited sweet and lower FSS scores. Likewise, MS-RS scores were lower in those ≥three serving/week intake of fish. CONCLUSION Following a Mediterranean-style diet should be encouraged to improve fatigue severity. Components, such as reduced consumption of red meat, saturated fatty acids, sweets and increased fish consumption, could be promising to reduce MS symptoms or fatigue severity. These findings should be proven with further intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Ertaş Öztürk
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Elif Merve Helvaci
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Pınar Sökülmez Kaya
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Murat Terzi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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Teraž K, Kalc M, Peskar M, Pišot S, Šimunič B, Pišot R, Pori P. Sarcopenia, obesity, and their association with selected behavioral factors in active older adults. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1129034. [PMID: 36909226 PMCID: PMC9996059 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1129034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The number of obese people in the world is increasing, as is the number of sarcopenic people among the older adults. Although both states are concerning, they can be positively influenced by selected behavioral factors such as adequate nutrition and physical activity. We were interested in the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in active older people and the influence of behavioral factors on this phenomenon. Methods: The study included 38 older adults (21 women) with a mean age of 75.3 ± 5.0 years. Sarcopenic parameters were determined with different tests: Handgrip Test, Chair Stand Test, Gait Speed, Timed Up and Go Test, and Short Physical Performance Battery. Body composition was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Physical activity level was measured using accelerometers, and nutritional status was assessed using the Mini-Nutritional Assessment and MEDLIFE Index questionnaire. Results: Of all included active participants (the average number of steps per day was 8,916 ± 3,543), 47.4% of them were obese. Of all included women, 52.4% were obese. Sarcopenic obesity was found in three (7.9%) participants. Nutritional status correlated with strength of lower extremities and physical performance tests (gait speed, Timed Up and Go Test and Short Physical performance battery). Higher number of steps per day positively correlates with physical performance. Discussion: Interestingly, we did not find any correlation between the main obesity parameter such as percent body fat or body mass index (and thus sarcopenic obesity) and any of the selected behavioral factors (physical activity, sedentary behavior, or dietary habits). In conclusion, reaching the recommended levels of physical activity in older adults may not be sufficient to prevent the occurrence of obesity and sarcopenic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Teraž
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre, Koper, Slovenia.,Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miloš Kalc
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre, Koper, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Manca Peskar
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre, Koper, Slovenia.,Biological Psychology and Neuroergonomics, Department of Psychology and Ergonomics, Faculty V: Mechanical Engineering and Transport Systems, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Saša Pišot
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Boštjan Šimunič
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Rado Pišot
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Primož Pori
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Grams L, Nelius AK, Pastor GG, Sillero-Quintana M, Veiga ÓL, Homeyer D, Kück M. Comparison of Adherence to Mediterranean Diet between Spanish and German School-Children and Influence of Gender, Overweight, and Physical Activity. Nutrients 2022; 14:4697. [PMID: 36364959 PMCID: PMC9655044 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor dietary habits and low levels of physical activity (PA) have a strong tendency to track from childhood into adulthood. The Mediterranean Diet (MD) is known to be extremely healthy, associated with lower BMI and a lower risk of obesity in children and adolescents. Therefore, adherence to the MD was compared between Spanish (n = 182) and German (n = 152) children aged 10 to 13 years to examine a possible more "westernized" diet in Spain with a non-Mediterranean country, that traditionally prefers a "Western diet" and to determine the association between adherence to the MD and gender, body composition, and PA levels. METHODS In the German observational longitudinal cohort study and the Spanish cohort study, body composition and questionnaires (KIDMED, Diet Quality (IAES)) were obtained, and accelerometers (Actigraph) were applied to detect PA. RESULTS Girls had higher BMI-standard deviation score (SDS) than boys and Spanish girls were less active than boys. Differences were detected in MD habits, such as favorable fruit-, vegetables-, fish-intakes, and dairy products in Spanish children and unfavorable consumptions of fast food, processed bakery goods, candies, and sweet beverages in German children. Independently of country, girls, children with lower BMI-SDS and children with higher PA level were related with better diet quality. CONCLUSION Spanish children showed higher adherence to MD and diet quality (IAES) compared to German children, but there was a trend toward a more "westernized" diet. Gender, body composition, and PA influenced nutrition regardless of country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Grams
- Faculty of Science, Physical Activity and Sports (INEF), Technical University of Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne-Katrin Nelius
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Guadalupe Garrido Pastor
- Faculty of Science, Physical Activity and Sports (INEF), Technical University of Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Sillero-Quintana
- Faculty of Science, Physical Activity and Sports (INEF), Technical University of Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar L. Veiga
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Denise Homeyer
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Momme Kück
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Moore E, Fadel A, Lane KE. The effects of consuming a Mediterranean style diet on associated COVID-19 severity biomarkers in obese/overweight adults: A systematic review. Nutr Health 2022; 28:647-667. [PMID: 36131504 PMCID: PMC9494166 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221127853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background COVID-19 severity is strongly associated with high Body Mass Index (BMI)
(≥25kg/m2) amongst adults and elevated inflammatory markers
have enabled prediction of disease progression. The composition of a
Mediterranean diet provides favourable outcomes on weight reduction and
inflammatory markers. Aim This systematic review aimed to investigate the effects of consuming a
Mediterranean diet on BMI and inflammatory markers of obese/overweight
adults (≥18 years) at risk of developing severe COVID-19 outcomes. Methods PubMed Central, Cochrane Library and MEDLINE databases were searched to
identify randomised controlled trials published between January 2010 to
August 2021 evaluating the impact of Mediterranean diet on BMI and
inflammatory markers in overweight/obese adults. The review followed the
PRISMA checklist, used Cochrane Collaboration search strategies, and is
PROSPERO registered (CRD42021277070). Two authors independently screened and
evaluated studies for methodological quality. Papers were extracted and
included based eligibility, despite risk of bias scores. Results Of 65 extracted records, six studies met the eligibility criteria and were
included. Reductions in BMI, TNF-α, IL-6 and hs-CRP were reported amongst
most findings, the majority of which were significant. Conclusion The main findings indicate a hypocaloric, fibre dense Mediterranean diet is a
short-term (<4 months) mitigation strategy to significantly reduce BMI
and inflammatory markers amongst overweight/obese adults at risk of
developing severe COVID-19 outcomes. Further research is now needed to
examine the role of Mediterranean diet in COVID-19 prevalence, severity,
morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Moore
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, 4589Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Abdulmannan Fadel
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, 4589Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Katie E Lane
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, 4589Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Costa SA, Nascimento GG, Colins PMG, Alves CMC, Thomaz EBAF, Carvalho Souza SDF, da Silva AAM, Ribeiro CCC. Investigating oral and systemic pathways between unhealthy and healthy dietary patterns to periodontitis in adolescents: A population-based study. J Clin Periodontol 2022; 49:580-590. [PMID: 35415936 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate pathways between unhealthy and healthy dietary patterns and periodontitis in adolescents (18-19 years of age). MATERIALS AND METHODS This population-based study (n = 2515) modelled direct and mediated pathways (via biofilm and obesity) from patterns of healthy diet (fruits, fibre, vegetables, and dairy) and unhealthy diet (sugars, snacks, and salty/fast foods) with initial periodontitis (bleeding on probing [BoP], probing depth [PD] ≥ 4 mm, clinical attachment loss [CAL] ≥ 4 mm), moderate periodontitis (BoP, PD ≥ 5 mm, and CAL ≥ 5 mm), and European Federation of Periodontology and the American Academy of Periodontology (EFP-AAP) periodontitis definitions, adjusting for sex, socio-economic status, smoking, and alcohol, through structural equation modelling (α = 5%). RESULTS Higher values of healthy diet were associated with lower values of initial periodontitis (standardized coefficient [SC] = -0.160; p < .001), moderate periodontitis (SC = -0.202; p < .001), and EFP-AAP periodontitis (p < .05). A higher value of unhealthy diet was associated with higher values of initial periodontitis (SC = 0.134; p = .005) and moderate periodontitis (SC = 0.180; p < .001). Biofilm mediated the association between higher values of unhealthy diet and all periodontal outcomes (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that both healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns may contribute to reduced or increased extent and severity of periodontitis by local and systemic mechanisms, preceding the effect of other established causes such as smoking and obesity, in younger population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustavo G Nascimento
- Section for Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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10
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Vahid F, Brito A, Le Coroller G, Vaillant M, Samouda H, Bohn T. Dietary Intake of Adult Residents in Luxembourg Taking Part in Two Cross-Sectional Studies-ORISCAV-LUX (2007-2008) and ORISCAV-LUX 2 (2016-2017). Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124382. [PMID: 34959934 PMCID: PMC8706514 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A balanced diet is an important lifestyle component and has been associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases. Objectives: To assess dietary intake of adult residents in Luxembourg taking part in two population-based cross-sectional studies (ORISCAV-LUX, 2007–2008 and ORISCAV-LUX 2, 2016–2017). Methods: Dietary intake of the study participants (1242 in 2007/08 and 1326 in 2016/17), 25–69 years old, were evaluated using food-frequency questionnaires (134 items in 2007/2008 and 174 items in 2016/2017) according to the French ANSES-CIQUAL food composition database. Both food-group- and nutrient-based analyses were conducted. Results: Dietary patterns in ORISCAV-LUX 2, 2016–2017, were characterized by an increase in the estimated marginal means (EMM) of the intake of energy, total fat, saturated fatty acids, alcohol, and decreased EMM of total carbohydrates, magnesium, and calcium compared to 2007/08. We also observed an increased EMM of the intake of protein-rich food items and ready-to-eat foods/fast foods, together with a decreased intake of grains, dairy products, and vegetables (all p-values <0.05, linear mixed models). The intake of most micronutrients was stable or slightly increased in ORISCAV-LUX 2 vs. ORISCAV-LUX, except for the drop in magnesium and calcium, and generally met recommendations, in particular, EFSA population reference intakes (PRI), except for vitamin D. Conclusions: Though most micronutrient recommendations were met, nutrient consumption in terms of high energy, total fat, and sodium, as well as low carbohydrates, were not aligned with recommendations for balanced eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Vahid
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (F.V.); (H.S.)
| | - Alex Brito
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomics Analysis, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gwenaëlle Le Coroller
- Competence Center in Methodology and Statistics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (G.L.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Michel Vaillant
- Competence Center in Methodology and Statistics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (G.L.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Hanen Samouda
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (F.V.); (H.S.)
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (F.V.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +352-621-216-637
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Bousiou A, Konstantopoulou K, Martimianaki G, Peppa E, Trichopoulou A, Polychronopoulou A, Halazonetis DJ, Schimmel M, Kossioni AE. Oral factors and adherence to Mediterranean diet in an older Greek population. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:3237-3244. [PMID: 33893988 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-01861-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oral factors on adherence to the Mediterranean diet in an older population METHODS: 130 persons over 60 years visiting Open Care Community Centers for Older People participated in this study. Oral interviews recorded demographic and sociomedical information, subjective oral complaints, and dental habits. Adherence to Mediterranean diet was assessed using the MDI_BNC4H index (range: 0-14). An oral examination was performed, and evaluation of the masticatory performance was carried out using a two-color chewing gum that was digitally analysed. RESULTS The mean age of the study participants was 73.9 ± 8.5 years. The score of adherence to the Mediterranean diet ranged from 3 to 9 (5.6 ± 1.4). 58 participants used removable prostheses, while 20 used a pair of complete dentures. Univariate analyses revealed that the parameters that negatively significantly, or marginally significantly, affected the level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet were lower masticatory performance (p = 0.050), larger number of drugs per day (p = 0.056), higher BMI (p = 0.043) and smoking (p = 0.053). The multivariable analysis revealed that lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet was significantly associated with higher BMI (p = 0.047) and lower masticatory performance (p = 0.050). CONCLUSIONS Increased masticatory performance was an independent predictor of better adherence to the Mediterranean diet in an older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrianna Bousiou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon 2, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Konstantopoulou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon 2, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Martimianaki
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Argy Polychronopoulou
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios J Halazonetis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Martin Schimmel
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anastassia E Kossioni
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon 2, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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12
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Pribisalić A, Popović R, Salvatore FP, Vatavuk M, Mašanović M, Hayward C, Polašek O, Kolčić I. The Role of Socioeconomic Status in Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Body Mass Index Change: A Follow-Up Study in the General Population of Southern Croatia. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113802. [PMID: 34836057 PMCID: PMC8624926 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) is one of the most healthful dietary patterns, beneficial for humans and the environment. However, the MD has recently exhibited a declining trend, especially in younger and less affluent people. This study investigated the association between socioeconomic indicators and adherence to the MD in 4671 adult subjects from Dalmatia, Croatia (age range 18–98 years; 61.9% were women). Additionally, in the follow-up we examined the change in adherence to the MD and in BMI (subsample, N = 1342; 62.5% were women; mean follow-up time of 5.8 years). The adherence to the MD was based on the Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (range 0–24 points, cut-off value ≥ 14 points), with a prevalence in the overall sample of 28.5%. Higher odds of adherence to the MD were recorded in women, older subjects, and those with higher level of objective material status, while it was less likely in the period after economic crisis of 2007–2008. Additionally, we detected no change in adherence to the MD in the follow-up subsample (−8.5%, p = 0.056), but there was an increase in BMI (+6.5%, p < 0.001). We recorded an increase in adherence for nuts (+127.5%), sweets (+112.6%), red meat (+56.4%), and wine (+50.0%), unlike the reduction in adherence for vegetables (−35.1%), fish (−23.4%), white meat (−11.6%), cereals (−10.9%), and dairy products (−9.6%). Similar results were obtained across all quartiles of objective material status. Over time, the absolute change in the MD score was positively associated with female gender, age, higher education, and moderate physical activity, but it was negatively associated with adherence to the MD at baseline. BMI change was positively associated with female gender, and negatively with initial BMI, initial adherence to the MD, and MD change. Our findings point towards a less than ideal adherence to the MD in the general population of southern Croatia, and identify important characteristics associated with adherence change over time, informing necessary interventions aimed at increasing MD uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajka Pribisalić
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.P.); (O.P.)
| | - Romana Popović
- NUTRITIUS—Nutrition Counseling, Primorska 30, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia;
| | | | - Maja Vatavuk
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Marija Mašanović
- Department for Social Medicine, Division for Health Promotion, Public Health Institute of Dubrovnik Neretva County, Dr. A. Šercera 4a, pp 58, 20001 Dubrovnik, Croatia;
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK;
| | - Ozren Polašek
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.P.); (O.P.)
- Algebra LAB, Algebra University College, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Kolčić
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.P.); (O.P.)
- Algebra LAB, Algebra University College, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-91-576-2263
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13
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Pira C, Trapani G, Fadda M, Finocchiaro C, Bertino E, Coscia A, Ciocan C, Cuciureanu M, Hegheş SC, Vranceanu M, Miere D, Filip L. Comparative Study Regarding the Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and the Eating Habits of Two Groups-The Romanian Children and Adolescents Living in Nord-West of Romania and Their Romanian Counterparts Living in Italy. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092045. [PMID: 34574155 PMCID: PMC8465523 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The Mediterranean diet (MD) is associated with significant health benefits, including prevention of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Given the important migratory flow from Romania to Italy in recent decades, this study seeks to evaluate the differences between the nutritional habits of Romanian children and adolescents in Romania compared with those of Romanian children who moved to Italy or were born in Italy from both Romanian parents. Method: To assess adherence to MD, parents of Romanian children in Romania (RCR) and Romanian children in Italy (RCI) answered questions from an adapted version of the KIDMED test. Results: The results show that the high KIDMED index among RCI is significantly higher than the same index among RCR (68.09 versus 17.76, p < 0.05). RCR obtained a higher KIDMED score on different items: they had a lower consumption of fast food and sweets but an increased consumption of nuts, yogurts, and cheese. Conclusions: RCI have a better adherence to MD, but, at the same time, they are more exposed to westernized diet and practice less physical activity. Nutrition education is an important tool for improving health outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Pira
- Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition at A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza in Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy; (M.F.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (M.C.); Tel.: +39-3383259977 (C.P.); +40-721107674 (M.C.)
| | | | - Maurizio Fadda
- Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition at A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza in Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy; (M.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Concetta Finocchiaro
- Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition at A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza in Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy; (M.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Enrico Bertino
- Neonatal Unit of Turin University at A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10100 Turin, Italy; (E.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Alessandra Coscia
- Neonatal Unit of Turin University at A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10100 Turin, Italy; (E.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Catalina Ciocan
- Department of Occupational Medicine at A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza in Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy;
| | - Magdalena Cuciureanu
- Departament of Pharmacology, Gr.T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (M.C.); Tel.: +39-3383259977 (C.P.); +40-721107674 (M.C.)
| | - Simona-Codruţa Hegheş
- Departament of Drug Analysis, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania;
| | - Maria Vranceanu
- Departament of Toxicology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania;
| | - Doina Miere
- Departament of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania; (D.M.); (L.F.)
| | - Lorena Filip
- Departament of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania; (D.M.); (L.F.)
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Lotfi K, Saneei P, Hajhashemy Z, Esmaillzadeh A. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, Five-Year Weight Change, and Risk of Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:152-166. [PMID: 34352891 PMCID: PMC8803490 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Findings from earlier studies on the association between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and risk of overweight/obesity were inconsistent. We summarized cohort studies investigating the association between the Mediterranean diet and risk of overweight and/or obesity and weight change in adults. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar was conducted up to May 2021. Prospective cohorts that examined the Mediterranean diet adherence in adults as the exposure, and overweight and/or obesity or weight change as the outcomes, and reported RRs or β coefficients and 95% CIs as the effect sizes were included. Seven prospective cohort studies were included of which 6 studies (with 244,678 adult participants) reported the risk of overweight and/or obesity, and 4 cohorts (with 436,617 participants) reported the weight change (3 cohorts reported both overweight and/or obesity risk and weight change). Combining 15 effect sizes from 6 cohorts revealed that greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet was significantly associated with a 9% decreased risk of overweight and/or obesity (RR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.94; I2 = 44.7%; PQ-test = 0.031). This association was significant in the case of studies investigating combined overweight and obesity (RR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.96; I2 = 29.4%; PQ-test = 0.166), but not for studies that reported on obesity (RR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.43, 1.10, I2 = 50.6%, PQ-test = 0.132). Linear dose-response analysis of 6 studies showed a 2% decreased risk of overweight and/or obesity for 1 additional Mediterranean diet score (RR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96, 0.99). Each unit increase in the Mediterranean diet score was associated with 0.04 kg less weight gain over 5 y (-0.04 kg; 95% CI: -0.07, -0.02 kg; 13 effect sizes from 4 cohorts). In conclusion, Mediterranean diet adherence is inversely associated with risk of overweight and/or obesity as well as 5-y weight gain and thus has practical importance for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyhan Lotfi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Hajhashemy
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Lee H, Kim JE, Amarilla A, Kang Y, Boram B, Nam EW. Social determinants of overweight and obesity in Paraguayan adults using quantile regression. J Public Health Res 2021; 10:2196. [PMID: 34340299 PMCID: PMC8764552 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2021.2196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) defines the double burden of malnutrition as the new face of malnutrition. This is a serious problem in Latin American countries, especially Paraguay, which has a high obesity rate. This study aimed to gather data to inform a national strategy for confronting the double-burden challenge in Paraguay by 1) identifying whether the body mass index (BMI) of study subjects differed significantly according to social determinants, and 2) assessing the factors affecting BMI and the extent of their impact according to BMI quantile levels. DESIGN AND METHODS Data were collected using a questionnaire adapted from the WHO World Health Survey. We collected 2,200 responses from September 16 to October 7, 2018. After excluding the questionnaires with missing data, we analyzed 1,994 respondents aged 17 years and older living in Limpio, Paraguay. The analyses included t-test and chi-squared test to identify significant differences and 10th quantile regression to assess associations. RESULTS Analyses showed significant differences in participants' BMI levels based on age and diagnoses of diabetes or hypertension. In quantile regression analyses, age was significantly associated with BMI quantiles at all but one level. Educational attainment was significantly associated with the 10%-40% and 60%-70% quantiles of BMI. CONCLUSIONS Age, education level, diabetes, and hypertension were significant predictors of obesity. Obesity programs that focus on people aged more than 60 years are required. In addition, targeted nutritional education may be a useful intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hocheol Lee
- Yonsei Global Health Center, Yonsei University, Wonju.
| | - Ji Eon Kim
- Yonsei Global Health Center, Yonsei University, Wonju.
| | | | - Yanghee Kang
- Yonsei Global Health Center, Yonsei University, Wonju.
| | - Boram Boram
- Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA), Wonju.
| | - Eun Woo Nam
- Department of Health Administration, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, Wonjum .
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Dominguez LJ, Di Bella G, Veronese N, Barbagallo M. Impact of Mediterranean Diet on Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases and Longevity. Nutrients 2021. [PMID: 34204683 DOI: 10.3390/nu130620208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The average life expectancy of the world population has increased remarkably in the past 150 years and it is still increasing. A long life is a dream of humans since the beginning of time but also a dream is to live it in good physical and mental condition. Nutrition research has focused on recent decades more on food combination patterns than on individual foods/nutrients due to the possible synergistic/antagonistic effects of the components in a dietary model. Various dietary patterns have been associated with health benefits, but the largest body of evidence in the literature is attributable to the traditional dietary habits and lifestyle followed by populations from the Mediterranean region. After the Seven Countries Study, many prospective observational studies and trials in diverse populations reinforced the beneficial effects associated with a higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet in reference to the prevention/management of age-associated non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, depression, respiratory diseases, and fragility fractures. In addition, the Mediterranean diet is ecologically sustainable. Therefore, this immaterial world heritage constitutes a healthy way of eating and living respecting the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia J Dominguez
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Di Bella
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Barbagallo
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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Impact of Mediterranean Diet on Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases and Longevity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062028. [PMID: 34204683 PMCID: PMC8231595 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The average life expectancy of the world population has increased remarkably in the past 150 years and it is still increasing. A long life is a dream of humans since the beginning of time but also a dream is to live it in good physical and mental condition. Nutrition research has focused on recent decades more on food combination patterns than on individual foods/nutrients due to the possible synergistic/antagonistic effects of the components in a dietary model. Various dietary patterns have been associated with health benefits, but the largest body of evidence in the literature is attributable to the traditional dietary habits and lifestyle followed by populations from the Mediterranean region. After the Seven Countries Study, many prospective observational studies and trials in diverse populations reinforced the beneficial effects associated with a higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet in reference to the prevention/management of age-associated non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, depression, respiratory diseases, and fragility fractures. In addition, the Mediterranean diet is ecologically sustainable. Therefore, this immaterial world heritage constitutes a healthy way of eating and living respecting the environment.
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Mohamadshahi M, Haybar H, Mousavi-Borazjani A, Haghighizadeh M, Abiri B. The association between dietary patterns with severity of coronary artery stenosis, serum leptin-to-adiponectin ratio, and some related risk factors in patients with coronary artery disease. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:697-708. [PMID: 34178860 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00801-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background This research aimed to investigate the association between dietary patterns with severity of coronary artery stenosis, serum leptin-to-adiponectin ratio, and some related risk factors in patients with coronary artery disease referred for coronary angiography. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out on 191 men patients with known coronary disease aged 40-70 years whom were admitted to angiography ward of Ahvaz teaching hospital, Ahvaz, Iran. Dietary patterns were investigated using 161-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric indices; blood pressure; serum levels of adiponectin and leptin, blood levels of glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglycerides were measured. Patients were categorized based on the severity of coronary artery disease [number of vessel involved-single (VD1), double (VD2), triple (VD3)]. Results Three major dietary patterns were recognized using a factor analysis approach: western, healthy, and traditional patterns. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that there was a negative association between healthy dietary pattern with LDL-C, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. This dietary pattern was positively related to HDL-C. Both traditional and western dietary patterns were related to fasting blood glucose level and lipid profile. General obesity was positively associated with traditional and western dietary patterns. There was a positive relationship between central obesity with traditional and western dietary patterns, but a negative association was reported between the healthy dietary pattern and central obesity. Traditional and western dietary patterns demonstrated a significant positive relationship with serum leptin levels and ratio of L/A, and an inverse relationship with adiponectin. Healthy dietary pattern had a significant negative association with serum leptin levels and ratio of L/A. Healthy dietary pattern was negatively related to the severity of vessel stenosis. Patients in the third quartile of healthy dietary pattern were less likely to have vessel stenosis (OR = 43%, 95% CI: 0.07-0.87). Conclusions The findings show that adherence to a healthy dietary pattern was negatively associated with coronary artery stenosis and its related risk factors. However, adherence to western and traditional dietary patterns was positively related to coronary artery disease risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Mohamadshahi
- Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Habib Haybar
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Aghdas Mousavi-Borazjani
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Center, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Behnaz Abiri
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Gut Microbiota Bacterial Species Associated with Mediterranean Diet-Related Food Groups in a Northern Spanish Population. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020636. [PMID: 33669303 PMCID: PMC7920039 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The MD (Mediterranean diet) is recognized as one of the healthiest diets worldwide and is associated with the prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Dietary habits are considered one of the strongest modulators of gut microbiota, which seem to play a significant role in health status of the host. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate interactive associations between gut microbiota composition and habitual dietary intake in 360 Spanish adults from the Obekit cohort (normal weight, overweight, and obese participants). Dietary intake and adherence to the MD tests were administered and fecal samples were collected from each participant. Fecal 16S rRNA (ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid) gene sequencing was performed and checked against the dietary habits. MetagenomeSeq was the statistical tool applied to analyze data at the species taxonomic level. Results from this study identified several beneficial bacteria that were more abundant in the individuals with higher adherence to the MD. Bifidobacterium animalis was the species with the strongest association with the MD. Some SCFA (Short Chain Fatty Acids) -producing bacteria were also associated with MD. In conclusion, this study showed that MD, fiber, legumes, vegetable, fruit, and nut intake are associated with an increase in butyrate-producing taxa such as Roseburia faecis, Ruminococcus bromii, and Oscillospira (Flavonifractor) plautii.
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20
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Amini MR, Djafari F, Sheikhhossein F, Yarizadeh H, Naghshi S, Shahavandi M, Payandeh N, Akbarzade Z, Djafarian K, Shab-Bidar S. Association of Nutrient Patterns and Their Relation with Obesity in Iranian Adults: a Population Based Study. Clin Nutr Res 2021; 10:59-71. [PMID: 33564653 PMCID: PMC7850815 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2021.10.1.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present research, we have evaluated the association between patterns of nutrient intake and obesity. The present cross-sectional study recruited 850 adults aged between 20–59 years old. Dietary intakes were assessed with three 24-hour recalls. As well, data on anthropometric measures were collected. General obesity was specified as body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2. Factor analysis was conducted, and followed by a varimax rotation, was performed to extract major nutrient patterns. Our analysis identified three major nutrient patterns: The first nutrient pattern was characterized by the high consumption of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), protein, vitamins B1, B2, B6, B5, B3, B12, Zinc, and iron. The second nutrient pattern was rich in total fat, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, SFAs, oleic acid, linolenic acid, zinc, vitamin E, α-tocopherol, and β-carotene. The third one was greatly loaded with protein, carbohydrate, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, vitamin C, and folate. Women in the third quintile of the first pattern were less likely to be generally obese in the fully adjusted model (odds ratio, 0.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.25–0.75). None of the other nutrient patterns had a significant association with obesity, even after adjusting for confounders. Adherence to a nutrient pattern rich in water-soluble vitamins was significantly associated with a greater chance of general obesity among women. Further studies in other populations, along with future prospective studies, are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Amini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Farhang Djafari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sheikhhossein
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Habib Yarizadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Sina Naghshi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Mahshid Shahavandi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Nastaran Payandeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Zahra Akbarzade
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
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Nutrition beyond the first 1000 days: diet quality and 7-year change in BMI and overweight in 3-year old children from the Dutch GECKO Drenthe birth cohort. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 12:933-939. [PMID: 33303050 DOI: 10.1017/s204017442000118x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The identification of early-life determinants of overweight is crucial to start early prevention. As weight gain accelerates between 2 and 6 years, we studied the association between diet quality in children aged 3 years and the change in BMI and overweight incidence in the following 7 years. From the Dutch GECKO Drenthe birth cohort, 1001 children born in 2006 or 2007 with complete data on diet (food frequency questionnaire at the age of 3 years) and growth at the age of 3 and 10 years were included. Diet quality was estimated with the evidence-based Lifelines Diet Score (LLDS). Measured height and weight at the age of 3 and 10 years were used to calculate BMI z-scores standardized for age and sex. The associations of the LLDS (in quintiles) with BMI-z change and overweight incidence were studied with linear and logistic regression analyses. Overweight prevalence in the total study population increased from 8.3% at the age of 3 years to 16.7% at the age of 10 years. The increase in overweight prevalence ranged from 14.7% in Q1 to 3.5% in Q5. Children with a better diet quality (higher quintiles of LLDS) increased significantly less in BMI-z (confounder adjusted βLLDS = -0.064 (-0.101; -0.026)). Children with a poor diet quality at the age of 3 years had a considerably higher risk for overweight at the age of 10 years (confounder adjusted OR for Q1 vs. Q5 was 2.86 (95% CI 1.34-6.13). These results show the importance of diet in healthy development in the early life following the first 1000 days when new habits for a mature diet composed of food groups with lifelong importance are developed, providing a relevant window for overweight prevention early in life.
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Nutritional Quality's Key Role in the Odds of Overweight in Adults with rs9939609 Polymorphism of FTO Gene- the Role of Manganese and Vitamin D. Am J Med Sci 2020; 360:678-685. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Khaled K, Hundley V, Almilaji O, Koeppen M, Tsofliou F. A Priori and a Posteriori Dietary Patterns in Women of Childbearing Age in the UK. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2921. [PMID: 32987718 PMCID: PMC7598658 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor diet quality is a major cause of maternal obesity. We aimed to investigate a priori and a-posteriori derived dietary patterns in childbearing-aged women in UK. An online survey assessed food intake, physical activity (PA), anthropometry and socio-demographics. An a priori defined diet quality was determined via Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence score and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) derived dietary patterns (DPs). Multiple linear regression explored associations between DPs with anthropometric measures, PA and socio-demographics. Participants (n = 123) had low-to-medium MD adherence (average MD-score: 4.0 (2.0)). Age was positively associated with higher MD adherence (X2 (2) = 13.14, p = 0.01). EFA revealed three DPs: 'fruits, nuts, vegetables and legumes' ("Vegetarian-style" DP); 'sweets, cereals, dairy products and potatoes' ("Dairy, sweets and starchy foods" DP); and 'eggs, seafood and meats' ("Protein-rich" DP). "Vegetarian-style" DP was positively associated with higher maternal educational level (p < 0.01) and PA (p = 0.01), but negatively with white ethnicity (p < 0.01). "Dairy, sweets and starchy foods" DP was positively associated with white ethnicity (p = 0.03) and negatively with age (p = 0.03). "Protein-rich" DP was positively associated with age (p < 0.001) and negatively with PA (p = 0.01). A poor diet quality was found among childbearing-aged women; notably in the younger age category, those of white ethnicity, that were more physically inactive and with a lower socioeconomic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Khaled
- Department of Rehabilitation & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH1 3LT, UK; (K.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Vanora Hundley
- Centre for Midwifery, Maternal & Perinatal Health, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH1 3LT, UK;
| | - Orouba Almilaji
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH1 3LT, UK;
| | - Mareike Koeppen
- Department of Rehabilitation & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH1 3LT, UK; (K.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Fotini Tsofliou
- Department of Rehabilitation & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH1 3LT, UK; (K.K.); (M.K.)
- Centre for Midwifery, Maternal & Perinatal Health, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH1 3LT, UK;
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Modified Mediterranean diet score adapted to a southern Mediterranean population and its relation to overweight and obesity risk. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:4064-4070. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020002062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectives:The current study aimed to develop a modified Mediterranean diet (MMD) score adjusted to the southern Mediterranean countries’ cultural specificities and to evaluate associations between adherence to this modified score and overweight/obesity risk in Moroccan adults.Design:Population-based cross-sectional study.Setting:Rural and urban areas of the five greatest provinces of Morocco.Participants:In total, 1516 participants were recruited between September 2009 and February 2017. Dietary assessment was obtained using a validated Moroccan FFQ. We constructed a MMD score focusing on twelve components. The MMD score ranged from 0 (no adherence to the traditional southern Mediterranean diet (MD)) to 12 (maximal adherence) and was categorised as low (scores 0–4), moderate (scores 5–7) and high (scores 8–12).Results:Among the whole population, 754 (50·5 %) were women and 738 (49·5 %) were men, and the mean age was about 55·60 ± 13·70. In total, 58 % of participants were moderately active. Regarding educational level, 50·7 % were illiterate. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 43·3 and 8·6 %, respectively. In multivariate analyses, close adherence to MMD (scores 8–12) was associated with reduced overweight/obesity risk (OR 0·61, 95 % CI 0·44, 0·84).Conclusion:The prevalence of overweight and obesity was very high among Moroccan adults. Adherence to the traditional southern MD may help prevent overweight and obesity.
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Higher ultra-processed food intake is associated with higher DNA damage in healthy adolescents. Br J Nutr 2020; 125:568-576. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520001981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractUltra-processed food is one of the main contributors to energy supply and consumption in food systems worldwide, and evidence of their detrimental health outcomes in humans is emerging. This study aimed to assess ultra-processed food intake and its association with urinary levels of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a biomarker of DNA oxidative damage, in 139 healthy adolescents in Karaj City in Iran. Usual dietary intake was measured using a 168-item validated FFQ. The daily intake of ultra-processed food consumption was determined through the classification of NOVA, and general linear models were used to compare the urinary levels of 8-OHdG/creatinine (ng/mg creatinine) within tertiles of ultra-processed food intake. Adolescents in the higher tertile of ultra-processed food consumption had a significantly higher mean level of urinary 8-OHdG/creatinine in comparison with the lower tertiles in the crude model (Pfor trend: 0·003) and after adjustment for confounding variables, including total energy intake, sex, age, BMI for age Z-score, obesity and physical activity (Pfor trend: 0·004). This association was still significant after adjusting for dietary intake of whole grains, nuts, legumes, the ratio of MUFA:SFA (g/d) and Mediterranean dietary score (Pfor trend: 0·002). More studies are needed to explore the determinants of ultra-processed food supply, demand, consumption and health effects; such studies should be applied to develop evidence-informed policies and regulatory mechanisms to improve children’s and adolescents’ food environment policymaking and legislation with special attention to ultra-processed food.
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Vinke PC, Navis G, Kromhout D, Corpeleijn E. Age- and Sex-Specific Analyses of Diet Quality and 4-Year Weight Change in Nonobese Adults Show Stronger Associations in Young Adulthood. J Nutr 2020; 150:560-567. [PMID: 31687774 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the general importance of diet quality in the prevention of unintentional weight gain is known, it is unknown whether its influence is age or sex dependent. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether the strength of the association between diet quality and 4-y weight change was modified by age and sex. METHODS From the Dutch population-based Lifelines Cohort, 85,618 nonobese adult participants (age 18-93 y), recruited between 2006 and 2013, were included in the study. At baseline, diet was assessed with a 110-item food-frequency questionnaire. The Lifelines Diet Score, based on international evidence for diet-disease relations at the food group level, was calculated to assess diet quality. For analyses, the score was divided in quintiles (Qs). Body weight was objectively measured at baseline and after a median follow-up of 44 mo (25th-75th percentile: 35-51 mo). In between, body weight was self-reported twice. Linear mixed models were used to investigate the association between diet quality and weight change by sex and in 6 age categories (18-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, and ≥70 y). RESULTS Mean 4-y weight change decreased over age categories. Confounder-adjusted linear mixed models showed that the association between diet quality and weight change was modified by sex (P-interaction = 0.001). In women, the association was also modified by age (P-interaction = 0.001). Poor diet quality was most strongly associated with weight gain in the youngest men [Q1 compared with Q5: +0.33 kg/y (95% CI: 0.10, 0.56)] and women [+0.22 kg/y (95% CI: 0.07, 0.37)]. In contrast, in women aged ≥70 y, poor diet quality was associated with greater weight loss [-0.44 kg/y (95% CI: -0.84, -0.05)]. CONCLUSIONS Poor diet quality was related to higher weight gain, especially in young adults. Oppositely, among women aged ≥70 y, poor diet quality was related to higher weight loss. Therefore, a healthful diet is a promising target for undesirable weight changes in both directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra C Vinke
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Daan Kromhout
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Eva Corpeleijn
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Miller LM, Anderson CAM, Ix JH. Editorial: From MACH15 to MACH0 – a missed opportunity to understand the health effects of moderate alcohol intake. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020; 28:e23-e24. [PMID: 33611395 DOI: 10.1177/2047487320904230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Miller
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Cheryl AM Anderson
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Joachim H Ix
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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Saraiya V, Bradshaw P, Meyer K, Gammon M, Slade G, Brennan P, Abedi-Ardekani B, Olshan A. The association between diet quality and cancer incidence of the head and neck. Cancer Causes Control 2020; 31:193-202. [PMID: 31894494 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-019-01261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The association between diet quality and head and neck cancer (HNC) was explored using a population-based case-control study of 1170 HNC cases and 1303 age-, race-, and sex-matched controls from the United States. Diet quality was assessed with three diet quality scores (DQS): (a) Healthy Eating Index 2005 (HEI-2005), (b) Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), and (c) HNC-specific Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS-HNC), a modified MDS that we developed to be more applicable to HNC. Logistic regression models estimated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) representing diet quality-incident HNC associations. We examined effect measure modification (EMM) by body mass index (BMI), race, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption and associational heterogeneity by HPV-positivity and tumor site. A one standard deviation summary DQS decrement suggested a consistent inverse association (ORs (CIs)) for the HEI-2005, MDS, and MDS-HNC: 1.35 (1.21, 1.50), 1.13 (1.02, 1.25), and 1.17 (1.06, 1.31), respectively. This association did not vary by tumor site or tumor HPV status, though additive EMM by alcohol use and by BMI was observed. Our findings suggest the Mediterranean diet can be used to study HNC in American populations, and that poor diet quality elevates HNC incidence, particularly among alcohol users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veeral Saraiya
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, USA.
| | - Patrick Bradshaw
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California-Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley, USA
| | - Katie Meyer
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Marilie Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Gary Slade
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Andrew Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, USA
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The effect of a new mixture of sugar and sugar-alcohols compared to sucrose and glucose on blood glucose increase and the possible adverse reactions: A phase I double-blind, three-way randomized cross-over clinical trial. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2019; 66:647-653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Serra-Majem L, Román-Viñas B, Sanchez-Villegas A, Guasch-Ferré M, Corella D, La Vecchia C. Benefits of the Mediterranean diet: Epidemiological and molecular aspects. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 67:1-55. [PMID: 31254553 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
More than 50 years after the Seven Countries Study, a large number of epidemiological studies have explored the relationship between the Mediterranean diet (MD) and health, through observational, case-control, some longitudinal and a few experimental studies. The overall results show strong evidence suggesting a protective effect of the MD mainly on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and certain types of cancer. The beneficial effects have been attributed to the types of food consumed, total dietary pattern, components in the food, cooking techniques, eating behaviors and lifestyle behaviors, among others. The aim of this article is to review and summarize the knowledge derived from the literature focusing on the benefits of the MD on health, including those that have been extensively investigated (CVD, cancer) along with more recent issues such as mental health, immunity, quality of life, etc. The review begins with a brief description of the MD and its components. Then we present a review of studies evaluating metabolic biomarkers and genotypes in relation to the MD. Other sections are dedicated to observation and intervention studies for various pathologies. Finally, some insights into the relationship between the MD and sustainability are explored. In conclusion, the research undertaken on metabolomics approaches has identified potential markers for certain MD components and patterns, but more investigation is needed to obtain valid measures. Further evaluation of gene-MD interactions are also required to better understand the mechanisms by which the MD diet exerts its beneficial effects on health. Observation and intervention studies, particularly PREDIMED, have provided invaluable data on the benefits of the MD for a wide range of chronic diseases. However further research is needed to explore the effects of other lifestyle components associated with Mediterranean populations, its environmental impact, as well as the MD extrapolation to non-Mediterranean contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluis Serra-Majem
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain; Preventive Medicine Service, Centro Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canarian Health Service, Las Palmas, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Nutrition Research Foundation, University of Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Blanca Román-Viñas
- Nutrition Research Foundation, University of Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona, Spain; School of Health and Sport Sciences (EUSES), Universitat de Girona, Salt, Spain; Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Blanquerna, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Sanchez-Villegas
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit. Department of Preventive Medicine. University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Godos J, Vitale M, Micek A, Ray S, Martini D, Del Rio D, Riccardi G, Galvano F, Grosso G. Dietary Polyphenol Intake, Blood Pressure, and Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8060152. [PMID: 31159186 PMCID: PMC6616647 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8060152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary polyphenols, including flavonoids, have been the focus of major recent attentions due to their wide content in a variety of foods commonly consumed and the findings from numerous studies showing evidence of an association with positive outcomes on human health. Methods: A systematic search using electronic databases PubMed and EMBASE was performed to retrieve English language studies published from the earliest indexing year of each database to April 2019, reporting on the association between dietary flavonoids intake and hypertension. Results: The search strategy resulted in the final selection of 20 studies including 15 cross-sectional investigations and 7 prospective cohorts (1 study reported on 3 prospective cohorts). 5 prospective cohorts, comprising 200,256 individuals and 45,732 cases of hypertension were included in the quantitative analysis. Analysis by extreme quantiles of intake of flavonoid showed a non-significant association with decreased risk of hypertension (RR (risk ratio): 0.96, 95% CI (confidence interval): 0.89, 1.03). Taking into consideration individual flavonoid subclasses, dietary anthocyanins intake was associated with 8% reduction in risk of hypertension, when comparing highest vs. lowest exposure (RR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.88, 0.97). Conclusions: Further studies are needed to strengthen the retrieved association between anthocyanins consumption and decreased risk of hypertension and clarify whether total flavonoids or rather individual subclasses may exert beneficial effects on blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge CB4 0WS, UK; Wolfson College at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 9BB, UK; Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health at Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - Marilena Vitale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Agnieszka Micek
- Department of Nursing Management and Epidemiology Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Sumantra Ray
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge CB4 0WS, UK; Wolfson College at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 9BB, UK; Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health at Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK.
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Nutrition Research Unit, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK.
| | - Daniela Martini
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge CB4 0WS, UK; Wolfson College at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 9BB, UK; Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health at Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK.
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge CB4 0WS, UK; Wolfson College at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 9BB, UK; Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health at Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK.
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Raeisi-Dehkordi H, Amiri M, Humphries KH, Salehi-Abargouei A. The Effect of Canola Oil on Body Weight and Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:419-432. [PMID: 30809634 PMCID: PMC6520036 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of clinical trials have examined the effect of canola oil (CO) on body composition in recent years; however, the results have been inconsistent. The present investigation aims to examine the effect of CO on body weight (BW) and body composition using a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Online databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched up to February, 2018 for randomized controlled clinical trials that examined the effect of CO on anthropometric measures and body composition indexes in adults. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was used to assess the risk of bias in individual studies. A random-effects model was used to evaluate the effect of CO consumption on several outcomes: BW, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, android-to-gynoid ratio, and body lean and fat mass. In total, 25 studies were included in the systematic review. The meta-analysis revealed that CO consumption reduces BW [weighted mean difference (WMD) = -0.30 kg; 95% CI: -0.52, -0.08 kg, P = 0.007; n = 23 effect sizes], particularly in participants with type 2 diabetes (WMD = -0.63 kg; 95% CI: -1.09, -0.17 kg, P = 0.007), in studies with a parallel design (WMD = -0.49 kg; 95% CI: -0.85, -0.14 kg, P = 0.006), in nonfeeding trials (WMD = -0.32 kg; 95% CI: -0.55, -0.09 kg, P = 0.006), and when compared with saturated fat (WMD = -0.40 kg; 95% CI: -0.74, -0.06 kg, P = 0.019). CO consumption did not significantly affect any other anthropometric measures or body fat markers (P > 0.05). Although CO consumption results in a modest decrease in BW, no significant effect was observed on other adiposity indexes. Further well-constructed clinical trials that target BW and body composition as their primary outcomes are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Raeisi-Dehkordi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mojgan Amiri
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Karin H Humphries
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Choi E, Kim SA, Joung H. Relationship between Obesity and Korean and Mediterranean Dietary Patterns: A Review of the Literature. J Obes Metab Syndr 2019; 28:30-39. [PMID: 31089577 PMCID: PMC6484937 DOI: 10.7570/jomes.2019.28.1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a well-known risk factor for various chronic diseases. Among the various risk factors for obesity, diet is one of the most modifiable. This study aimed to review current research on the association between obesity and the Korean diet compared with the Mediterranean diet. An electronic literature search was conducted using Medline and Embase. Totals of 10 and 17 studies were included in this review for the Korean dietary pattern (KDP) and the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP), respectively. These studies mainly applied factor analysis for the KDP and index analysis for the MDP. Only one of 10 KDP articles reported a significant inverse association with obesity, while most MDP studies showed a preventive association with obesity. There are a limited number of KDP studies compared with MDP studies, and the methods of deriving the dietary patterns are different between the KDP and MDP. To produce more conclusive evidence on the association between the KDP and obesity, well-designed and controlled trials or large prospective cohort studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Choi
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Ah Kim
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyojee Joung
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Alturki R, Gay V. The Development of an Arabic Weight-Loss App Akser Waznk: Qualitative Results. JMIR Form Res 2019; 3:e11785. [PMID: 30869639 PMCID: PMC6437613 DOI: 10.2196/11785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and its related illnesses are a major health problem around the world. Saudi Arabia has one of the highest national obesity rates globally; however, it is not easy to intervene to prevent obesity and becoming overweight owing to Saudi Arabia’s cultural and social norms, and linguistic barriers. In recent years, there has been an exponential growth in the usage of smartphones and apps in Saudi Arabia. These could be used as a cost-effective tool to facilitate the delivery of behavior-modification interventions for obese and overweight people. There are a variety of health and fitness apps that claim to offer lifestyle-modification tools. However, these do not identify the motivational features required to overcome obesity, consider the evidence-based practices for weight management, or enhance the usability of apps by considering usability attributes. Objective This study aimed to explore the opportunity and the need to develop an Arabic weight-loss app that provides localized content and addresses the issues with existing apps identified here. This study has explained the steps taken to design an Arabic weight-loss app that was developed to facilitate the adjustment of key nutritional and physical activities and behaviors, which considers the social and cultural norms of Saudi Arabia. Methods Qualitative studies were conducted with 26 obese Saudi Arabians, who tested the level of usability of 2 weight-loss apps and then provided feedback and recommendations. The app Akser Waznk is an interactive, user-friendly app designed primarily for iPhones. It has several features intended to assist users to monitor and track their food consumption and physical activities. The app provides personalized diet and weight loss advice. Unique features such as Let’s Walk are designed to motivate users to walk more. An augmented reality function is implemented to provide information regarding fitness equipment, fruits, and vegetables. The app uses behavior-change techniques to increase activities and healthy behaviors and evidence-informed practices for weight-loss management. The Akser Waznk app considers user privacy and data security by applying a number of guidelines and procedures. Results The development of the app took 26 months. In all, 7 experts (5 dietitians, and 2 physical activity professionals) evaluated the app’s contents. Moreover, 10 potential users (5 men and 5 women) tested the app’s level of usability, its features, and performance during a pilot study. They reported that the app’s design is interactive, and the motivational features are user-friendly. Conclusions Mobile technology, such as mobile apps, has the potential to be an effective tool that facilitates the changing of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors within the Saudi community. To be successful, the target group, the usability, motivational features, and social and cultural norms must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Alturki
- School of Electrical and Data Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Information Science, College of Computers and Information Systems, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Valerie Gay
- School of Electrical and Data Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Aljabri MK, Al-Raddadi R, Bahijri SM, Al Ahmadi J, Ajabnoor G, Jambi HA. Factors associated with adherence to Mediterranean diet among Saudi non-diabetic patients attending primary health care centers: A cross-sectional study. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2019; 14:139-148. [PMID: 31435404 PMCID: PMC6694985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the degree and factors responsible for adherence to a Mediterranean diet among non-diabetic patients attending primary health care centres (PHCCs). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jeddah PHCCs using a validated self-administered questionnaire which assessed adherence levels to 14 dietary aspects related to the Mediterranean diet. The questionnaire enabled calculation of an adherence score (0–14), where inadequate adherence was assumed for scores ≤7. Factors of adherence included general socio-demographic characteristics, medical history, lifestyle, and cardiovascular risk factors such as body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure, and fasting and 1-h postprandial blood glucose levels. Results Of the 265 participants (50.6% males), inadequate adherence was reported in 74.3%. Adherence scores were higher in married participants than in unmarried ones (6.68 ± 1.74 vs. 6.24 ± 1.79, p = 0.04), as well as in those who engaged in regular physical activity vs. those who did not (6.79 ± 1.90 vs. 6.30 ± 1.63, p = 0.02). Furthermore, Mediterranean diet adherence increased with age (B = 0.02, r = 0.133; p < 0.001). Interestingly, adherence scores were not associated with major cardiovascular risk factors except for a significantly higher diastolic blood pressure in participants with adequate as opposed to low adherence (77.96 ± 12.20 vs. 74.01 ± 12.24, respectively, p = 0.022). Conclusion One out of 4 non-diabetic patients attending PHCCs exhibited good adherence to a Mediterranean diet without considerable association with cardiovascular risk factors. Further studies are recommended to investigate awareness and knowledge regarding the Mediterranean diet among Saudi populations. Subsequently, awareness programs could be tailored accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mydaa K Aljabri
- Joint Program of Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Rajaa Al-Raddadi
- Department of Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Suhad M Bahijri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Jawaher Al Ahmadi
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Ghada Ajabnoor
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Hanan A Jambi
- Department of Food and Nutrition- Home Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
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Janssen BG, Madhloum N, Gyselaers W, Bijnens E, Clemente DB, Cox B, Hogervorst J, Luyten L, Martens DS, Peusens M, Plusquin M, Provost EB, Roels HA, Saenen ND, Tsamou M, Vriens A, Winckelmans E, Vrijens K, Nawrot TS. Cohort Profile: The ENVIRonmental influence ON early AGEing (ENVIRONAGE): a birth cohort study. Int J Epidemiol 2019; 46:1386-1387m. [PMID: 28089960 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bram G Janssen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Narjes Madhloum
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Wilfried Gyselaers
- Department of Obstetrics, East-Limburg Hospital, Genk, Belgium.,Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Esmée Bijnens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Diana B Clemente
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bianca Cox
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Janneke Hogervorst
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Leen Luyten
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Dries S Martens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Martien Peusens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Eline B Provost
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Harry A Roels
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nelly D Saenen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Maria Tsamou
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Annette Vriens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ellen Winckelmans
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Karen Vrijens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
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Dominguez LJ, Barbagallo M. Mediterranean Diet and Longevity. REFERENCE MODULE IN BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.62178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Kasprzak K, Wojtunik-Kulesza K, Oniszczuk T, Kuboń M, Oniszczuk A. Secondary Metabolites, Dietary Fiber and Conjugated Fatty Acids as Functional Food Ingredients against Overweight and Obesity. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a common serious health problem leading to many serious health disorders. This phenomenon is defined as the over-storage of lipids in adipose tissue that occurs when there is an imbalance between the energy intake and energy used. During obesity, many metabolic alterations occur that can damage several organs, such as vascular or skeletal muscle resulting in the dysfunction of these tissues. In this review, we will discuss molecular genetics and causes of obesity, some of the disorders related to human obesity as well as anti-obesity tool. An interesting solution to the obesity problem is natural substances, revealing anti-obesity activity, as well as functional food enriched with aforementioned substances. Functional foods are products exhibiting a potentially positive effect on health beyond basic nutrition. They contain well-known biologically active natural compounds, which promote optimal health and reduce the risk of many diseases, including obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Kasprzak
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Oniszczuk
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Lublin University of Life Sciences, 44 Doświadczalna Street, 20-236 Lublin, Poland
| | - Maciej Kuboń
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and Informatics, Faculty of Production Engineering and Energetics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, ul. Balicka 116B 30-149, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Oniszczuk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Olstad DL, Lamb KE, Thornton LE, McNaughton SA, Crawford DA, Minaker LM, Ball K. Prospective associations between diet quality and body mass index in disadvantaged women: the Resilience for Eating and Activity Despite Inequality (READI) study. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 46:1433-1443. [PMID: 28398554 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary patterns that align with recommended guidelines appear to minimize long-term weight gain in the general population. However, prospective associations between diet quality and weight change in disadvantaged adults have not been examined. This study examined associations between concurrent change in diet quality and body mass index (BMI) over 5 years among women living in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods. Methods Dietary intake and BMI were self-reported among 1242 women living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods in Victoria, Australia, at three time points from 2007/08 to 2012/13. Diet quality was evaluated using the Australian Dietary Guideline Index (DGI). Associations between concurrent change in diet quality and BMI were assessed over the three time points using fixed effects and mixed models. Models were adjusted for age, smoking, menopausal status, education, marital status, number of births, urban/rural location and physical activity. Results Average BMI increased by 0.14 kg/m2 per year increase in age in the fixed effects model, and by 0.13 kg/m2 in the mixed model (P < 0.0001). BMI decreased by 0.014 kg/m2 for a woman of average age with each unit increase in DGI score in the fixed effects model (p < 0.0001), and by 0.012 kg/m2 in the mixed model (P = 0.001). The rate of change in BMI with age was greater for those with a lower DGI score than for those with a higher score (P < 0.10). Conclusions Positive change in diet quality was associated with reduced BMI gain among disadvantaged women. Supporting disadvantaged women to adhere to population-level dietary recommendations may assist them with long-term weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Lee Olstad
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Karen E Lamb
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Lukar E Thornton
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah A McNaughton
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - David A Crawford
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Leia M Minaker
- Propel Centre for Population Health Impact, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Kylie Ball
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Djeziri FZ, Belarbi M, Murtaza B, Hichami A, Benammar C, Khan NA. Oleanolic acid improves diet-induced obesity by modulating fat preference and inflammation in mice. Biochimie 2018; 152:110-120. [PMID: 29966735 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, triggered by high-fat diet (HFD), is associated to altered gustatory perception of dietary lipids. Oleanolic acid (OLA), a triterpene, has been reported to exert anti-obesity effects in animal models. Hence, we investigated the role of OLA in the modulation of oro-sensory perception of lipids in control and HFD-induced obese mice. As expected, OLA-treated obese mice exhibited a decrease in body, liver, and visceral adipose tissue weights. OLA treatment improved glucose tolerance, insulin level, plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. OLA-treated obese mice exhibited higher fat preference compared to untreated obese mice, probably due to the increase in mRNA encoding CD36, a fat taste receptor, in mouse taste bud cells (mTBC). This phenomenon was associated with fatty-acid induced increases in free intracellular calcium concentrations, [Ca2+]i, induced in mTBC from OLA-treated obese mice. OLA also influenced the expression of mRNA encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) and some lipogenic genes (PPARα, SREBP1, FAS, ChREBP, and G6Pase) in liver and adipose tissue. These findings reveal that OLA improves gustatory perception of lipids and exerts protective effects in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zohra Djeziri
- Laboratoire des Produits Naturels, Université Abou-Bekr Belkaïd, Tlemcen, 13000, Algeria
| | - Meriem Belarbi
- Laboratoire des Produits Naturels, Université Abou-Bekr Belkaïd, Tlemcen, 13000, Algeria
| | - Babar Murtaza
- Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie, UMR U1231 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne-Franche Compté (UBFC), Dijon, 21000, France
| | - Aziz Hichami
- Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie, UMR U1231 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne-Franche Compté (UBFC), Dijon, 21000, France
| | - Chahid Benammar
- Laboratoire des Produits Naturels, Université Abou-Bekr Belkaïd, Tlemcen, 13000, Algeria
| | - Naim Akhtar Khan
- Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie, UMR U1231 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne-Franche Compté (UBFC), Dijon, 21000, France.
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Yajima K, Iwayama K, Ogata H, Park I, Tokuyama K. Meal rich in rapeseed oil increases 24-h fat oxidation more than meal rich in palm oil. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198858. [PMID: 29902225 PMCID: PMC6002048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid composition of the diet has been linked to the prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Compared with monounsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids decrease fat oxidation and diet-induced thermogenesis. A potential limitation of previous studies was the short duration (≦5h) of calorimetry used. The present study compared the effects of a meal rich in saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on 24-h of fat oxidation. Ten males participated in two sessions of indirect calorimetry in a whole-room metabolic chamber. At each session, subjects consumed three meals rich in palm oil (44.3% as saturated, 42.3% as monounsaturated and 13.4% as polyunsaturated fatty acid) or rapeseed oil (11.7% as saturated, 59.3% as monounsaturated and 29.0% as polyunsaturated fatty acid). Fat oxidation over 24-h was significantly higher in the meal rich in rapeseed oil (779 ± 202 kcal/day) than that rich in palm oil (703 ± 158 kcal/day, P < 0.05), although energy expenditure was similar between both meal conditions. Meal rich in unsaturated fatty acids increased the oxidation of exogenous and/or endogenous fat. The results of a long calorimetry period indicate that rapeseed oil offered an advantage toward increased 24-h fat oxidation in healthy young males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Yajima
- Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Administrative Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo Seiei College, 4–6 Nishishinkoiwa 1-chome, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaito Iwayama
- Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hitomi Ogata
- Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Insung Park
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kumpei Tokuyama
- Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Garcia-Mantrana I, Selma-Royo M, Alcantara C, Collado MC. Shifts on Gut Microbiota Associated to Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Specific Dietary Intakes on General Adult Population. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:890. [PMID: 29867803 PMCID: PMC5949328 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence for the interaction between gut microbiome, diet, and health. It is known that dysbiosis is related to disease and that most of the times this imbalances in gut microbial populations can be promoted through diet. Western dietary habits, which are characterized by high intakes of calories, animal proteins, saturated fats, and simple sugars have been linked with higher risk of obesity, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about the impact of dietary patterns, dietary components, and nutrients on gut microbiota in healthy people. The aim of our study is to determine the effect of nutrient compounds as well as adherence to a dietary pattern, as the Mediterranean diet (MD) on the gut microbiome of healthy adults. Consequently, gut microbiota composition in healthy individuals, may be used as a potential biomarker to identify nutritional habits as well as risk of disease related to these habits. Dietary information from healthy volunteers (n = 27) was recorded using the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Adherence to the MD was measured using the PREDIMED test. Microbiota composition and diversity were obtained by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Microbial metabolic activity was determined by quantification of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results indicated that a higher ratio of Firmicutes–Bacteroidetes was related to lower adherence to the MD, and greater presence of Bacteroidetes was associated with lower animal protein intake. High consumption of animal protein, saturated fats, and sugars affected gut microbiota diversity. A significant higher presence of Christensenellaceae was found in normal-weight individuals compared to those who were overweight. This was also the case in volunteers with greater adherence to the MD compared to those with lower adherence. Butyricimonas, Desulfovibrio, and Oscillospira genera were associated with a BMI <25 and the genus Catenibacterium with a higher PREDIMED score. Higher bifidobacterial counts, and higher total SCFA were related to greater consumption of plant-based nutrients, such as vegetable proteins and polysaccharides. Better adherence to the MD was associated with significantly higher levels of total SCFA. Consequently, diet and specific dietary components could affect microbiota composition, diversity, and activity, which may have an effect on host metabolism by increasing the risk of Western diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izaskun Garcia-Mantrana
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Selma-Royo
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Alcantara
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council, Valencia, Spain
| | - María C Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council, Valencia, Spain
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Agnoli C, Sieri S, Ricceri F, Giraudo MT, Masala G, Assedi M, Panico S, Mattiello A, Tumino R, Giurdanella MC, Krogh V. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and long-term changes in weight and waist circumference in the EPIC-Italy cohort. Nutr Diabetes 2018; 8:22. [PMID: 29695712 PMCID: PMC5916888 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-018-0023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive calorie intake and physical inactivity are considered key determinants of the rapid worldwide increase in obesity prevalence, however the relationship between diet and weight gain is complex. We investigated associations between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and long-term changes in weight and waist circumference in volunteers recruited to the Italian section of the prospective European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). We investigated 32,119 cohort members who provided anthropometric measures at recruitment and updated information on recall a mean of 12 years later. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet was assessed using the Italian Mediterranean Index (score range 0-11). Associations between index score and weight and waist changes were assessed by multivariate linear regression models. Risks of developing overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity were investigated by multivariate logistic models. Increasing Italian Mediterranean Index score (indicating better adherence) was associated with lower 5-year weight change in volunteers of normal weight at baseline (β -0.12, 95% CI -0.16 to -0.08 for 1 tertile increase in score), but not in those overweight/obese at baseline (P interaction between Index score and BMI 0.0001). High adherence was also associated with reduced risk of becoming overweight/obese (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84-0.99 third vs. first tertile); smaller 5-year change in waist circumference (β -0.09, 95% CI -0.14 to -0.03 for 1 tertile increase in score); and lower risk of abdominal obesity (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84-0.99 third vs. first tertile). Adherence to a traditional Italian Mediterranean diet may help prevent weight gain and abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Service, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy
| | - Melania Assedi
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Amalia Mattiello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry, Provincial Health Unit (ASP) Ragusa, Ragusa, Italy
| | | | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Dietary Polyphenol Intake and Depression: Results from the Mediterranean Healthy Eating, Lifestyle and Aging (MEAL) Study. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23050999. [PMID: 29695122 PMCID: PMC6102571 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23050999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The epidemiological evidence for a relation between dietary polyphenol intake and depression is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the association between habitual dietary intake of total polyphenols, their classes, subclasses and individual compounds and depressive symptoms among the participants of the Mediterranean healthy Eating, Lifestyle and Aging (MEAL) study. Methods: Demographic and dietary characteristics of 1572 adults living in southern Italy were analyzed. Food frequency questionnaires and Phenol-Explorer were used to calculate habitual dietary intakes of polyphenols. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10) was used as screening tool for depressive symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to test associations and were expressed as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: A total of 509 individuals reported having depressive symptoms. Based on multivariate logistic regression analyses, total polyphenol intake was not associated with depressive symptoms. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, dietary intake of phenolic acid (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.93), flavanones (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.91), and anthocyanins (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.42, 0.89) showed significant inverse association with depressive symptoms, when comparing the highest with the lowest quartile. Moreover, flavanones and anthocyanins, were associated with depressive symptoms in a dose-response manner. Among individual compounds, inverse association was observed for quercetin (OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.86) and naringenin (OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.85), for the highest versus lowest quartile of intake. When taking into consideration the major sources of the polyphenols, only citrus fruits and wine consumption was inversely associated with depressive symptoms (Q4 vs. Q1: OR= 0.51, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.75; Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.74, respectively). Conclusions: Higher dietary intake of flavonoid may be inversely associated with depressive symptoms. Further studies are needed to definitively confirm these observed associations.
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Papavagelis C, Avgeraki E, Augoulea A, Stamatelopoulos K, Lambrinoudaki I, Yannakoulia M. Dietary patterns, Mediterranean diet and obesity in postmenopausal women. Maturitas 2018; 110:79-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Do MT, Chang VC, Mendez MA, de Groh M. Urinary bisphenol A and obesity in adults: results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2017; 37:403-412. [PMID: 29236378 PMCID: PMC5765817 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.37.12.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) has been shown to affect lipid metabolism and promote weight gain in animal studies. Recent epidemiological studies also support a link between BPA and obesity in human populations, although many were limited to a single adiposity measure or have not considered potential confounding by dietary factors. The purpose of this study is to examine associations between urinary BPA and adiposity measures in a nationally representative sample of Canadian adults. METHODS We performed analyses using biomonitoring and directly measured anthropometric data from 4733 adults aged 18 to 79 years in the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007-2011). We used multinomial and binary logistic regression models to estimate associations of urinary BPA with body mass index (BMI) categories (overweight vs. under/normal weight; obesity vs. under/normal weight) and elevated waist circumference (males: ≥ 102 cm; females: ≥ 88 cm), respectively, while controlling for potential confounders. Linear regression analyses were also performed to assess associations between urinary BPA and continuous BMI and waist circumference measures. RESULTS Urinary BPA was positively associated with BMI-defined obesity, with an odds ratio of 1.54 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.002-2.37) in the highest (vs. lowest) BPA quartile (test for trend, p = .041). Urinary BPA was not associated with elevated waist circumference defined using standard cut-offs. Additionally, each natural-log unit increase in urinary BPA concentration was associated with a 0.33 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.10- 0.57) increase in BMI and a 1.00 cm (95% CI: 0.34-1.65) increase in waist circumference. CONCLUSION Our study contributes to the growing body of evidence that BPA is positively associated with obesity. Prospective studies with repeated measures are needed to address temporality and improve exposure classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh T Do
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vicky C Chang
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle A Mendez
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Dietary Fatty Acid Composition Modulates Obesity and Interacts with Obesity-Related Genes. Lipids 2017; 52:803-822. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Echeverría G, McGee EE, Urquiaga I, Jiménez P, D'Acuña S, Villarroel L, Velasco N, Leighton F, Rigotti A. Inverse Associations between a Locally Validated Mediterranean Diet Index, Overweight/Obesity, and Metabolic Syndrome in Chilean Adults. Nutrients 2017; 9:E862. [PMID: 28800091 PMCID: PMC5579655 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are key risk factors for chronic disease. Dietary patterns are critical in the incidence and persistence of obesity and MetS, yet there is few data linking diet to obesity and MetS in Chile. Our objective was to use a locally validated diet index to evaluate adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern and its correlations with overweight/obesity (OW/O) and MetS prevalence in Chilean adults. We conducted a nationwide, cross-sectional online survey of Chilean adults with complete self-reported diet and body mass index data (n = 24,882). A subsample of 4348 users (17.5%) had valid MetS data. An inverse association was observed between adherence to Mediterranean diet and OW/O and MetS prevalence. As diet quality decreased from healthy, to moderately-healthy, to unhealthy, prevalence increased from 44.8, 51.1, to 60.9% for OW/O and from 13.4, 18.5, to 28.9% for MetS (p-values < 0.001). Adjusted odds ratios for OW/O and MetS were significantly higher in moderately-healthy (OR = 1.58 and 1.54) and unhealthy (OR = 2.20 and 2.49, respectively) diet groups in comparison to the healthy diet group. This study represents the first report on the relationship between Mediterranean diet and chronic disease risk in Chile. It suggests that the Mediterranean diet may be applied to manage chronic disease risk beyond the Mediterranean basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Echeverría
- Center of Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile.
| | - Emma E McGee
- Center of Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile.
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile.
| | - Inés Urquiaga
- Center of Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile.
| | - Paulina Jiménez
- Center of Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile.
| | - Sonia D'Acuña
- Center of Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile.
| | - Luis Villarroel
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile.
| | - Nicolás Velasco
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile.
| | - Federico Leighton
- Center of Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile.
| | - Attilio Rigotti
- Center of Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile.
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile.
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Štefan L, Čule M, Milinović I, Sporiš G, Juranko D. The relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and body composition in Croatian university students. Eur J Integr Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Ford ND, Jaacks LM, Martorell R, Mehta NK, Perrine CG, Ramirez-Zea M, Stein AD. Dietary Patterns and Cardio-metabolic Risk in a Population of Guatemalan Young Adults. BMC Nutr 2017; 3. [PMID: 29892467 PMCID: PMC5993443 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-017-0188-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Latin America is facing an increasing burden of nutrition-related non-communicable disease. Little is known about dietary patterns in Guatemalan adults and how dietary patterns are associated with cardio-metabolic disease (CMD) risk. Methods This analysis is based on data from a 2002–04 follow-up study of the INCAP Nutrition Supplementation Trial Longitudinal Cohort. Diet data were collected using a validated, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. We derived dietary patterns using principal components analysis. CMD risk was assessed by anthropometry (body mass index, waist circumference), biochemistry (fasting blood glucose and lipids), and clinical (blood pressure) measures. We used sex-stratified multivariable log binomial models to test associations between dietary pattern tertile and CMD risk factors. The sample included 1428 participants (681 men and 747 women) ages 25–43 years. Results We derived three dietary patterns (traditional, meat-based modern, and starch-based modern), collectively explaining 24.2% of variance in the diet. Dietary patterns were not associated with most CMD risk factors; however, higher starch-based modern tertiles were associated with increased prevalence of low highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) in men (Prevalence Ratio (PR) 1.17, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.01, 1.20 for tertile 2; PR 1.20, 95% CI 1.00, 1.44 for tertile 3; p trend 0.04). Higher traditional tertiles were associated with increased prevalence of abdominal obesity in women (PR 1.24, 95% CI 1.07, 1.43 for tertile 2; PR 1.19, 95% CI 1.02, 1.39 for tertile 3; p trend 0.02) but marginally significant reduced prevalence of low HDL-c in men (PR 0.88, 95% CI 0.76, 1.00 for tertile 2; PR 0.85, 95% CI 0.72, 1.00 for tertile 3; p trend 0.05). Conclusion Our findings suggest the presence of two ‘modern' dietary patterns in Guatemala – one of which was associated with increased prevalence of low HDL-c in men. The association between the traditional dietary pattern and some CMD risk factors may vary by sex. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40795-017-0188-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Ford
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lindsay M Jaacks
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reynaldo Martorell
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Neil K Mehta
- Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cria G Perrine
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Manuel Ramirez-Zea
- INCAP Research Center for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases (CIIPEC), Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Aryeh D Stein
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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