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Liu Z, Wang Y, Guan P, Hu J, Sun L. Interaction of VvDELLA2 and VvCEB1 Mediates Expression of Expansion-Related Gene during GA-Induced Enlargement of Grape Fruit. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14870. [PMID: 37834318 PMCID: PMC10573625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exogenous gibberellin treatment can promote early growth of grape fruit, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we show that VvDELLA2 directly regulates the activity of the VvCEB1 transcription factor, a key regulator in the control of cell expansion in grape fruit. Our results show that VvCEB1 binds directly to the promoters of cell expansion-related genes in grape fruit and acts as a transcriptional activator, while VvDELLA2 blocks VvCEB1 function by binding to its activating structural domain. The exogenous gibberellin treatment relieved this inhibition by promoting the degradation of VvDELLA2 protein, thus, allowing VvCEB1 to transcriptionally activate the expression of cell expansion-related genes. In conclusion, we conclude that exogenous GA3 treatment regulates early fruit expansion by affecting the VvDELLA-VvCEB1 interaction in grape fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Liu
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Pingyin Guan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Jianfang Hu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Lei Sun
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China
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2
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Zhu W, Qi J, Chen J, Ma S, Liu K, Su H, Chai M, Huang Y, Xi X, Cao Z, Qin Y, Cai H. Identification of GA2ox Family Genes and Expression Analysis under Gibberellin Treatment in Pineapple ( Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2673. [PMID: 37514287 PMCID: PMC10383957 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellin (GAs) plays an important regulatory role in the development and growth of pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.). Bioinformatics was used to confirm the differential expression of GA2 gibberellin oxidase gene AcGA2oxs in the pineapple genome, which laid the foundation for exploring its role in pineapple. In this study, 42 GA2ox genes (AcGA2oxs) were identified in the pineapple genome, named from AcGA2ox1 to AcGA2ox42, and divided into four groups according to phylogenetic analysis. We also analyzed the gene structure, conserved motifs and chromosome localization of AcGA2oxs. AcGA2oxs within the same group had similar gene structure and motifs composition. Collinear analysis and cis-element analysis provided the basis for understanding the evolution and function of GA2ox genes in pineapple. In addition, we selected different tissue parts to analyze the expression profile of AcGA2oxs, and the results show that 41 genes were expressed, except for AcGA2ox18. AcGA2ox18 may not be expressed in these sites or may be pseudogenes. qRT-PCR (real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR) was used to detect the relative expression levels of the GA2ox gene family under different concentrations of GA3 treatment, and it was found that AcGA2ox gene expression was upregulated in different degrees under GA3 treatment. These results provide useful information for further study on the evolution and function of the GA2ox family in pineapple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jingang Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jingdong Chen
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Suzhuo Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Kaichuang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Han Su
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mengnan Chai
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Youmei Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xinpeng Xi
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhuangyuan Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hanyang Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Falcioni R, Santos GLAAD, Crusiol LGT, Antunes WC, Chicati ML, Oliveira RBD, Demattê JAM, Nanni MR. Non-Invasive Assessment, Classification, and Prediction of Biophysical Parameters Using Reflectance Hyperspectroscopy. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2526. [PMID: 37447089 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Hyperspectral technology offers significant potential for non-invasive monitoring and prediction of morphological parameters in plants. In this study, UV-VIS-NIR-SWIR reflectance hyperspectral data were collected from Nicotiana tabacum L. plants using a spectroradiometer. These plants were grown under different light and gibberellic acid (GA3) concentrations. Through spectroscopy and multivariate analyses, key growth parameters, such as height, leaf area, energy yield, and biomass, were effectively evaluated based on the interaction of light with leaf structures. The shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands, specifically SWIR1 and SWIR2, showed the strongest correlations with these growth parameters. When classifying tobacco plants grown under different GA3 concentrations in greenhouses, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms were employed, achieving an average accuracy of over 99.1% using neural network (NN) and gradient boosting (GB) algorithms. Among the 34 tested vegetation indices, the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) demonstrated the strongest correlations with all evaluated plant phenotypes. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models effectively predicted morphological attributes, with R2CV values ranging from 0.81 to 0.87 and RPDP values exceeding 2.09 for all parameters. Based on Pearson's coefficient XYZ interpolations and HVI algorithms, the NIR-SWIR band combination proved the most effective for predicting height and leaf area, while VIS-NIR was optimal for optimal energy yield, and VIS-VIS was best for predicting biomass. To further corroborate these findings, the SWIR bands for certain morphological characteristic wavelengths selected with s-PLS were most significant for SWIR1 and SWIR2, while i-PLS showed a more uniform distribution in VIS-NIR-SWIR bands. Therefore, SWIR hyperspectral bands provide valuable insights into developing alternative bands for remote sensing measurements to estimate plant morphological parameters. These findings underscore the potential of remote sensing technology for rapid, accurate, and non-invasive monitoring within stationary high-throughput phenotyping systems in greenhouses. These insights align with advancements in digital and precision technology, indicating a promising future for research and innovation in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Falcioni
- Department of Agronomy, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Luis Guilherme Teixeira Crusiol
- Embrapa Soja (National Soybean Research Center-Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation), Rodovia Carlos João Strass, s/nº, Distrito de Warta, Londrina 86001-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Werner Camargos Antunes
- Department of Agronomy, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Luiz Chicati
- Department of Agronomy, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Roney Berti de Oliveira
- Department of Agronomy, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - José A M Demattê
- Department of Soil Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba 13418-260, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Rafael Nanni
- Department of Agronomy, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
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Li J, Mintgen MAC, D'Haeyer S, Helfer A, Nelissen H, Inzé D, Dhondt S. PhenoWell®-A novel screening system for soil-grown plants. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2023; 4:55-69. [PMID: 37288161 PMCID: PMC10243540 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As agricultural production is reaching its limits regarding outputs and land use, the need to further improve crop yield is greater than ever. The limited translatability from in vitro lab results into more natural growth conditions in soil remains problematic. Although considerable progress has been made in developing soil-growth assays to tackle this bottleneck, the majority of these assays use pots or whole trays, making them not only space- and resource-intensive, but also hampering the individual treatment of plants. Therefore, we developed a flexible and compact screening system named PhenoWell® in which individual seedlings are grown in wells filled with soil allowing single-plant treatments. The system makes use of an automated image-analysis pipeline that extracts multiple growth parameters from individual seedlings over time, including projected rosette area, relative growth rate, compactness, and stockiness. Macronutrient, hormone, salt, osmotic, and drought stress treatments were tested in the PhenoWell® system. The system is also optimized for maize with results that are consistent with Arabidopsis while different in amplitude. We conclude that the PhenoWell® system enables a high-throughput, precise, and uniform application of a small amount of solution to individually soil-grown plants, which increases the replicability and reduces variability and compound usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGhentBelgium
| | - Michael A. C. Mintgen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGhentBelgium
| | - Sam D'Haeyer
- Discovery SciencesVIBGhentBelgium
- Screening CoreVIBGhentBelgium
| | | | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGhentBelgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGhentBelgium
| | - Stijn Dhondt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGhentBelgium
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Huang S, Gao Y, Xue M, Xu J, Liao R, Shang S, Yang X, Zhao Y, Li C, Liu Z, Feng H. BrKAO2 mutations disrupt leafy head formation in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:2453-2468. [PMID: 35726066 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The role of BrKAO2 in leafy head formation was confirmed by using two allelic Chinese cabbage mutants. Chinese cabbage yield and quality are determined by leafy head formation. Cloning and characterising the key genes regulating leafy head formation are essential for its varietal improvement. We used an EMS-mutagenised population of the heading type 'FT' Chinese cabbage line and identified two allelic non-heading mutants, i.e. nhm3-1 and nhm3-2. Genetic analysis showed that the mutant trait was controlled by a single recessive gene. MutMap and Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR genotyping revealed that BraA05g012440.3C was the candidate gene, which encodes ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase 2 in gibberellin (GA) biosynthetic pathway. It was named BrKAO2. Two non-synonymous mutations in the second BrKAO2 exon, respectively, accounted for the mutant phenotypes of nhm3-1 and nhm3-2. BrKAO2 was expressed during all leaf development stages, and there were no significant differences between the wild type and mutants in terms of BrKAO2 expression. The mutant phenotypes were restored to the wild type via exogenous GA3 application. RNA-Seq was performed on wild-type 'FT', nhm3-1, and nhm3-1 + GA3 rosette leaves, and several key genes involved in GA biosynthesis, signal transduction, and leafy head development were identified. These findings indicate that BrKAO2 is responsible for the leafy head formation in nhm3 mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Huang
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Meihui Xue
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Liao
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Shayu Shang
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- Integrated Department, Wafangdian Agriculture Technology and Popularization Center, Dalian, 116300, China
| | - Yonghui Zhao
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyu Li
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Tang WS, Zhong L, Ding QQ, Dou YN, Li WW, Xu ZS, Zhou YB, Chen J, Chen M, Ma YZ. Histone deacetylase AtSRT2 regulates salt tolerance during seed germination via repression of vesicle-associated membrane protein 714 (VAMP714) in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:1278-1293. [PMID: 35224735 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Salt tolerance during seed germination is essential for seedling establishment under salt stress. Sirtuin-like proteins, NAD+ -dependent histone deacetylases, are involved in plant responses to abiotic stresses; however, the regulatory mechanism remains unknown. We elucidated the mechanism underlying AtSRT2 (a sirtuin-like protein)-mediated regulation of salt tolerance during seed germination in Arabidopsis. The AtSRT2 mutant srt2 exhibited significantly reduced seed germination percentages under salt stress; its targets were identified via chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with ultra-high-throughput parallel DNA sequencing (ChIP-Seq) assay. Epistasis analysis was performed to identify AtSRT2-related pathways. Overexpression of SRT2.7, an AtSRT2 splice variant, rescued the salt-sensitive phenotype of mutant srt2. AtSRT2 histone deacetylation activity was important for salt tolerance during seed germination. The acetylation level of histone H4K8 locus in srt2-1 increased significantly under salt treatment. Vesicle-associated membrane protein 714 (VAMP714), a negative regulator of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-containing vesicle trafficking in cells, was identified as a target of AtSRT2. AtSRT2 regulated histone acetylation in the promoter region of VAMP714 and inhibited VAMP714 transcription under salt treatment. Seed germination percentage of double-mutant srt2-1vamp714 was close to that of single-mutant vamp714, and higher than that of single-mutant srt2 under salt stress. Hydrogen peroxide content and DNA damage increased after salt treatment in srt2 during seed germination. AtSRT2 regulates salt tolerance during seed germination through VAMP714 in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Si Tang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Li Zhong
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
- Guizhou Institute of Prataculture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550006, China
| | - Qing-Qian Ding
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yi-Ning Dou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wei-Wei Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhao-Shi Xu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yong-Bin Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - You-Zhi Ma
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
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7
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Fàbregas N, Fernie AR. The interface of central metabolism with hormone signaling in plants. Curr Biol 2021; 31:R1535-R1548. [PMID: 34875246 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Amongst the myriad of metabolites produced by plants, primary metabolites and hormones play crucial housekeeping roles in the cell and are essential for proper plant growth and development. While the biosynthetic pathways of primary metabolism are well characterized, those of hormones are yet to be completely defined. Central metabolism provides precursors for hormone biosynthesis and the regulation and function of primary metabolites and hormones are tightly entwined. The combination of reverse genetics and technological advances in our ability to evaluate the levels of the molecular entities of the cell (transcripts, proteins and metabolites) has led to considerable improvements in our understanding of both the regulatory interaction between primary metabolites and hormones and its coordination in response to different conditions. Here, we provide an overview of the interaction of primary and hormone metabolism at the metabolic and signaling levels, as well as a perspective regarding the tools that can be used to tackle our current knowledge gaps at the signaling level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Fàbregas
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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8
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Identification of DELLA Genes and Key Stage for GA Sensitivity in Bolting and Flowering of Flowering Chinese Cabbage. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212092. [PMID: 34829974 PMCID: PMC8624557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Flowering Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee) is an important and extensively cultivated vegetable in south China, and its stalk development is mainly regulated by gibberellin (GA). DELLA proteins negatively regulate GA signal transduction and may play an important role in determining bolting and flowering. Nevertheless, no systematic study of the DELLA gene family has been undertaken in flowering Chinese cabbage. In the present study, we found that the two-true-leaf spraying of gibberellin A3 (GA3) did not promote bolting but did promote flowering, whereas the three-true-leaf spraying of GA3 promoted both bolting and flowering. In addition, we identified five DELLA genes in flowering Chinese cabbage. All five proteins contained DELLA, VHYNP, VHIID, and SAW conserved domains. Protein-protein interaction results showed that in the presence of GA3, all five DELLA proteins interacted with BcGID1b (GA-INSENSITIVE DWARF 1b) but not with BcGID1a (GA-INSENSITIVE DWARF 1a) or BcGID1c (GA-INSENSITIVE DWARF 1c). Their expression analysis showed that the DELLA genes exhibited tissue-specific expression, and their reversible expression profiles responded to exogenous GA3 depending on the treatment stage. We also found that the DELLA genes showed distinct expression patterns in the two varieties of flowering Chinese cabbage. BcRGL1 may play a major role in the early bud differentiation process of different varieties, affecting bolting and flowering. Taken together, these results provide a theoretical basis for further dissecting the DELLA regulatory mechanism in the bolting and flowering of flowering Chinese cabbage.
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9
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Henschel JM, Brito FAL, Pimenta TM, Picoli EAT, Zsögön A, Ribeiro DM. Irradiance-regulated biomass allocation in Raphanus sativus plants depends on gibberellin biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 168:43-52. [PMID: 34619597 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellin has been proposed to increase leaf elongation in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) plants, which is associated with decreased tuber growth. Since light intensity can control growth through interaction with gibberellin, investigation of the effect of gibberellin levels on the growth of radish plants would be a step forward towards unraveling factors that underlie biomass accumulation and allocation in response to irradiance levels. Here, we report that the gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol (PAC) decreased petiole elongation, but not lamina growth of radish plants grown under full sunlight. However, shading promoted an increase in shoot elongation, while in plants treated with PAC the petiole and leaf lamina fail to elongate. Plants treated with PAC allocated proportionally more biomass to their tubers and less to shoot compared to control under shade. Moreover, PAC decreased the abundance of transcripts encoding cell wall expansion proteins in leaf lamina and petiole of plants grown under shade, which was positively correlated with sugar consumption by the tuber, thereby increasing the mass fraction and concentrations of minerals for tuber. Thus, allocation of biomass during the growth of radish plants and nutritional quality of tubers depend on gibberellin and light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane M Henschel
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fred A L Brito
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thaline M Pimenta
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Edgard A T Picoli
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Agustín Zsögön
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dimas M Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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10
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Nascimento VL, Pereira AM, Pereira AS, Silva VF, Costa LC, Bastos CEA, Ribeiro DM, Caldana C, Sulpice R, Nunes-Nesi A, Zsögön A, Araújo WL. Physiological and metabolic bases of increased growth in the tomato ethylene-insensitive mutant Never ripe: extending ethylene signaling functions. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1377-1393. [PMID: 33074436 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02623-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The tomato mutant Never ripe (Nr), a loss-of-function for the ethylene receptor SlETR3, shows enhanced growth, associated with increased carbon assimilation and a rewiring of the central metabolism. Compelling evidence has demonstrated the importance of ethylene during tomato fruit development, yet its role on leaf central metabolism and plant growth remains elusive. Here, we performed a detailed characterization of Never ripe (Nr) tomato, a loss-of-function mutant for the ethylene receptor SlETR3, known for its fruits which never ripe. However, besides fruits, the Nr gene is also constitutively expressed in vegetative tissues. Nr mutant showed a growth enhancement during both the vegetative and reproductive stage, without an earlier onset of leaf senescence, with Nr plants exhibiting a higher number of leaves and an increased dry weight of leaves, stems, roots, and fruits. At metabolic level, Nr also plays a significant role with the mutant showing changes in carbon assimilation, carbohydrates turnover, and an exquisite reprogramming of a large number of metabolite levels. Notably, the expression of genes related to ethylene signaling and biosynthesis are not altered in Nr. We assess our results in the context of those previously published for tomato fruits and of current models of ethylene signal transduction, and conclude that ethylene insensitivity mediated by Nr impacts the whole central metabolism at vegetative stage, leading to increased growth rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor L Nascimento
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Auderlan M Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Aurelio S Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Victor F Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Costa
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Carla E A Bastos
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Dimas M Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Camila Caldana
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ronan Sulpice
- Plant Systems Biology Laboratory, Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Agustin Zsögön
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
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11
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Bjornson M, Pimprikar P, Nürnberger T, Zipfel C. The transcriptional landscape of Arabidopsis thaliana pattern-triggered immunity. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:579-586. [PMID: 33723429 PMCID: PMC7610817 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00874-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants tailor their metabolism to environmental conditions, in part through the recognition of a wide array of self and non-self molecules. In particular, the perception of microbial or plant-derived molecular patterns by cell-surface-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) induces pattern-triggered immunity, which includes massive transcriptional reprogramming1. An increasing number of plant PRRs and corresponding ligands are known, but whether plants tune their immune outputs to patterns of different biological origins or of different biochemical natures remains mostly unclear. Here, we performed a detailed transcriptomic analysis in an early time series focused to study rapid-signalling transcriptional outputs induced by well-characterized patterns in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. This revealed that the transcriptional responses to diverse patterns (independent of their origin, biochemical nature or type of PRR) are remarkably congruent. Moreover, many of the genes most rapidly and commonly upregulated by patterns are also induced by abiotic stresses, suggesting that the early transcriptional response to patterns is part of the plant general stress response (GSR). As such, plant cells' response is in the first instance mostly to danger. Notably, the genetic impairment of the GSR reduces pattern-induced antibacterial immunity, confirming the biological relevance of this initial danger response. Importantly, the definition of a small subset of 'core immunity response' genes common and specific to pattern response revealed the function of previously uncharacterized GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE (GLR) calcium-permeable channels in immunity. This study thus illustrates general and unique properties of early immune transcriptional reprogramming and uncovers important components of plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bjornson
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Priya Pimprikar
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Nürnberger
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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12
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Rogach VV, Kuryata VG, Kosakivska IV, Voitenko LV, Shcherbatiuk MM, Rogach TI. Morphogenesis, pigment content, phytohormones and productivity of sweet pepper under the action of gibberellin and tebuconazole. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.15421/022139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main tasks of modern plant physiology is regulation of growth and development of cultivated plants in order to optimize the productive process. The attention of the scientific community is focused on the use of natural activators and growth inhibitors. We investigated the effect of foliar treatment with 0.005% solution of gibberellic acid (GA3) and 0.025% solution of the antigibberellic preparation tebuconazole (EW-250) on morphogenesis, leaf mesostructure, the content of photosynthetic pigments, the balance of endogenous phytohormones and productivity of Capsicum annuum L., Antey variety. The vegetation experiment was carried out in the conditions of soil-sand culture in vessels with a volume of 10 L. Treatment of plants was carried out in the budding phase. Morphometric parameters were determined every 10 days. The mesostructure of the middle tier leaves was studied in the fruit formation phase, and the chlorophyll content was determined in the raw material by spectrophotometric method. Analytical determination of endogenous phytohormones – indolyl-3-acetic (IAA), gibberellic (GA3) and abscisic (ABA) acids and cytokinins – zeatin (Z), zeatin-O-glucoside (ZG), zeatinribozide (ZR), isopentenyladenine (iP) and isopentenyladenosine (iPA) were performed by high performance liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). With GA3 treatment, plant height increased considerably, while with EW-250, it decreased. Both regulators led to an increase in the number of leaves on the plant, the leaf raw biomass, stems and roots and the dry matter of the whole plant, the area of a single leaf blade and the total area of leaves on the plant. Under the action of EW-250, the chlorophyll content in the leaves surged, while under the action of GA3 it tended to decrease or did not change at all. Both regulators thickened the chlorenchyma and boosted the volume of the columnar parenchyma cells. GA3 treatment induced a rise in the thickness of the upper and lower epidermis, and EW-250 led, on the contrary, to a decrease. It is shown that after treatment with exogenous GA3, the content of endogenous IAA and ABA decreased and GA3 in plant stems increased. Instead, EW-250 caused a decrease in the levels of GA3, IAA and ABA in the stems. Exogenous GA3 enhanced the accumulation of endogenous GA3 and IAA and inhibited ABA in the leaves. Under the action of the retardant, the level of ABA in the leaves did not change, while GA3 and IAA decreased. Treatment of plants with the studied growth regulators caused a decrease in the pool of cytokinins (CK) in stems. EW-250 showed a significant rise in the hormone content in the leaves. After spraying with GA3 solution, the level of ZG, Z and ZR grew. Under the action of the retardant, the increase in the CK pool occurred exclusively due to the iP. Growth regulators optimized the productivity of sweet pepper plants: under the action of GA3 there was an increase in the number of fruits per plant, and after the use of EW-250 there was a rise in the average weight of one fruit. The obtained results showed that anatomical-morphological and structural-functional rearrangements of sweet pepper plants under the action of exogenous gibberellic acid and EW-250 took place against the background of changes in the balance and distribution of endogenous hormones. Increased photosynthetic activity, stimulation of growth processes of some plant organs and inhibition of others enlarged biological productivity of the culture.
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McGuiness PN, Reid JB, Foo E. The influence of ethylene, gibberellins and brassinosteroids on energy and nitrogen-fixation metabolites in nodule tissue. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 305:110846. [PMID: 33691972 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Legume nodules are a unique plant organ that contain nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteria. For this interaction to be mutually beneficial, plant and bacterial metabolism must be precisely co-ordinated. Plant hormones are known to play essential roles during the establishment of legume-rhizobial symbioses but their role in subsequent nodule metabolism has not been explored in any depth. The plant hormones brassinosteroids, ethylene and gibberellins influence legume infection, nodule number and in some cases nodule function. In this paper, the influence of these hormones on nodule metabolism was examined in a series of well characterised pea mutants with altered hormone biosynthesis or response. A targeted set of metabolites involved in nutrient exchange and nitrogen fixation was examined in nodule tissue of mutant and wild type plants. Gibberellin-deficiency had a major negative impact on the level of several major dicarboxylates supplied to rhizobia by the plant and also led to a significant deficit in the amino acids involved in glutamine-aspartate transamination, consistent with the limited bacteroid development and low fixation rate of gibberellin-deficient na mutant nodules. In contrast, no major effects of brassinosteroid-deficiency or ethylene-insensitivity on the key metabolites in these pathways were found. Therefore, although all three hormones influence infection and nodule number, only gibberellin is important for the establishment of a functional nodule metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N McGuiness
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - James B Reid
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Eloise Foo
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
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14
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Prasetyaningrum P, Mariotti L, Valeri MC, Novi G, Dhondt S, Inzé D, Perata P, van Veen H. Nocturnal gibberellin biosynthesis is carbon dependent and adjusts leaf expansion rates to variable conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:228-239. [PMID: 33631808 PMCID: PMC8133661 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Optimal plant growth performance requires that the presence and action of growth signals, such as gibberellins (GAs), are coordinated with the availability of photo-assimilates. Here, we studied the links between GA biosynthesis and carbon availability, and the subsequent effects on growth. We established that carbon availability, light and dark cues, and the circadian clock ensure the timing and magnitude of GA biosynthesis and that disruption of these factors results in reduced GA levels and expression of downstream genes. Carbon-dependent nighttime induction of gibberellin 3-beta-dioxygenase 1 (GA3ox1) was severely hampered when preceded by reduced daytime light availability, leading specifically to reduced bioactive GA4 levels, and coinciding with a decline in leaf expansion rate during the night. We attributed this decline in leaf expansion mostly to reduced photo-assimilates. However, plants in which GA limitation was alleviated had significantly improved leaf expansion, demonstrating the relevance of GAs in growth control under varying carbon availability. Carbon-dependent expression of upstream GA biosynthesis genes (Kaurene synthase and gibberellin 20 oxidase 1, GA20ox1) was not translated into metabolite changes within this short timeframe. We propose a model in which the extent of nighttime biosynthesis of bioactive GA4 by GA3ox1 is determined by nighttime consumption of starch reserves, thus providing day-to-day adjustments of GA responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorenzo Mariotti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Novi
- PLANTLAB, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Stijn Dhondt
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent University, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent University, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pierdomenico Perata
- PLANTLAB, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Hans van Veen
- PLANTLAB, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa 56127, Italy
- Department of Plantecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
- Author for communication:
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15
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Li W, Liu C, Liu J, Bai Z, Liang Z. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the GRAS family genes respond to gibberellin in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:727. [PMID: 33106159 PMCID: PMC7590604 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salvia miltiorrhiza is one of the most important traditional Chinese medicinal plants with high medicinal value. Gibberellins are growth-promoting phytohormones that regulate numerous growth and developmental processes in plants. However, their role on the secondary metabolism regulation has not been investigated. RESULTS In this study, we found that gibberellic acid (GA) can promote hairy roots growth and increase the contents of tanshinones and phenolic acids. Transcriptomic sequencing revealed that many genes involved in the secondary metabolism pathway were the GA-responsive. After further analysis of GA signaling pathway genes, which their expression profiles have significantly changed, it was found that the GRAS transcription factor family had a significant response to GA. We identified 35 SmGRAS genes in S. miltiorrhiza, which can be divided into 10 subfamilies. Thereafter, members of the same subfamily showed similar conserved motifs and gene structures, suggesting possible conserved functions. CONCLUSIONS Most SmGRAS genes were significantly responsive to GA, indicating that they may play an important role in the GA signaling pathway, also participating in the GA regulation of root growth and secondary metabolism in S. miltiorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Li
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Chuangfeng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jingling Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zhenqing Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, China. .,College of Life Sciences and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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16
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Characterization of In Vivo Function(s) of Members of the Plant Mitochondrial Carrier Family. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091226. [PMID: 32846873 PMCID: PMC7565455 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although structurally related, mitochondrial carrier family (MCF) proteins catalyze the specific transport of a range of diverse substrates including nucleotides, amino acids, dicarboxylates, tricarboxylates, cofactors, vitamins, phosphate and H+. Despite their name, they do not, however, always localize to the mitochondria, with plasma membrane, peroxisomal, chloroplast and thylakoid and endoplasmic reticulum localizations also being reported. The existence of plastid-specific MCF proteins is suggestive that the evolution of these proteins occurred after the separation of the green lineage. That said, plant-specific MCF proteins are not all plastid-localized, with members also situated at the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane. While by no means yet comprehensive, the in vivo function of a wide range of these transporters is carried out here, and we discuss the employment of genetic variants of the MCF as a means to provide insight into their in vivo function complementary to that obtained from studies following their reconstitution into liposomes.
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17
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Chen S, Wang XJ, Tan GF, Zhou WQ, Wang GL. Gibberellin and the plant growth retardant Paclobutrazol altered fruit shape and ripening in tomato. PROTOPLASMA 2020; 257:853-861. [PMID: 31863170 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01471-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fruit shape and ripening are major horticultural traits for many fruits and vegetable crops. Changes in fruit shape and ripening are often accomplished by altered cell division or cell expansion patterns. Gibberellic acids (GAs) are essential for tomato fruit development; however, the exact role and the underlying mechanism are still elusive. To elucidate the relationship between gibberellins and fruit shape and ripening in tomato, GA3 and gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol (PAC) were applied to tomato. Fruit shape index was increased when GA3 was applied, which was mainly attributed to the increased organ elongation. The expression levels of genes involved in cell elongation and expansion were altered at the same time. In addition, GA delayed the ripening time by regulating the transcript levels of ethylene-related genes. By contrast, PAC application decreased fruit shape index and shortened fruit ripening time. These results demonstrate that manipulation of GA levels can simultaneously influence tomato fruit shape and ripening. Further studies aimed to regulate fruit shape and ripening can be achieved by altering GA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Chen
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Department of Life Sciences, Shaanxi XueQian Normal University, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Guo-Fei Tan
- Institute of Horticulture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, China
| | - Wen-Qi Zhou
- Crop Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Guang-Long Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China.
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18
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Gray SB, Rodriguez‐Medina J, Rusoff S, Toal TW, Kajala K, Runcie DE, Brady SM. Translational regulation contributes to the elevated CO 2 response in two Solanum species. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:383-397. [PMID: 31797460 PMCID: PMC7216843 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the impact of elevated CO2 (eCO2 ) in global agriculture is important given climate change projections. Breeding climate-resilient crops depends on genetic variation within naturally varying populations. The effect of genetic variation in response to eCO2 is poorly understood, especially in crop species. We describe the different ways in which Solanum lycopersicum and its wild relative S. pennellii respond to eCO2 , from cell anatomy, to the transcriptome, and metabolome. We further validate the importance of translational regulation as a potential mechanism for plants to adaptively respond to rising levels of atmospheric CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon B. Gray
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome CenterUniversity of California, Davis451 Health Sciences DriveDavisCA95616USA
| | - Joel Rodriguez‐Medina
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome CenterUniversity of California, Davis451 Health Sciences DriveDavisCA95616USA
| | - Samuel Rusoff
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome CenterUniversity of California, Davis451 Health Sciences DriveDavisCA95616USA
| | - Ted W. Toal
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome CenterUniversity of California, Davis451 Health Sciences DriveDavisCA95616USA
| | - Kaisa Kajala
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome CenterUniversity of California, Davis451 Health Sciences DriveDavisCA95616USA
- Present address:
Plant EcophysiologyUtrecht UniversityPadualaan 83584 CHUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Daniel E. Runcie
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California, DavisOne Shields AvenueDavisCA95616USA
| | - Siobhan M. Brady
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome CenterUniversity of California, Davis451 Health Sciences DriveDavisCA95616USA
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Amini S, Rosli K, Abu-Bakar MF, Alias H, Mat-Isa MN, Juhari MAA, Haji-Adam J, Goh HH, Wan KL. Transcriptome landscape of Rafflesia cantleyi floral buds reveals insights into the roles of transcription factors and phytohormones in flower development. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226338. [PMID: 31851702 PMCID: PMC6919626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rafflesia possesses unique biological features and known primarily for producing the world’s largest and existing as a single flower. However, to date, little is known about key regulators participating in Rafflesia flower development. In order to further understand the molecular mechanism that regulates Rafflesia cantleyi flower development, RNA-seq data from three developmental stages of floral bud, representing the floral organ primordia initiation, floral organ differentiation, and floral bud outgrowth, were analysed. A total of 89,890 transcripts were assembled of which up to 35% could be annotated based on homology search. Advanced transcriptome analysis using K-mean clustering on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was able to identify 12 expression clusters that reflect major trends and key transitional states, which correlate to specific developmental stages. Through this, comparative gene expression analysis of different floral bud stages identified various transcription factors related to flower development. The members of WRKY, NAC, bHLH, and MYB families are the most represented among the DEGs, suggesting their important function in flower development. Furthermore, pathway enrichment analysis also revealed DEGs that are involved in various phytohormone signal transduction events such as auxin and auxin transport, cytokinin and gibberellin biosynthesis. Results of this study imply that transcription factors and phytohormone signalling pathways play major role in Rafflesia floral bud development. This study provides an invaluable resource for molecular studies of the flower development process in Rafflesia and other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoora Amini
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre for Biotechnology and Functional Food, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khadijah Rosli
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre for Biotechnology and Functional Food, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Halimah Alias
- Malaysia Genome Institute, Jalan Bangi, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohd-Afiq-Aizat Juhari
- School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jumaat Haji-Adam
- School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hoe-Han Goh
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kiew-Lian Wan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre for Biotechnology and Functional Food, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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20
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Li W, Bai Z, Pei T, Yang D, Mao R, Zhang B, Liu C, Liang Z. SmGRAS1 and SmGRAS2 Regulate the Biosynthesis of Tanshinones and Phenolic Acids in Salvia miltiorrhiza. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1367. [PMID: 31737003 PMCID: PMC6831727 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza is one of the most widely used traditional Chinese medicinal plants because of its excellent performance in treating heart diseases. Tanshinones and phenolic acids are two important classes of effective metabolites, and their biosynthesis has attracted widespread interest. Here, we functionally characterized SmGRAS1 and SmGRAS2, two GRAS family transcription factors from S. miltiorrhiza. SmGRAS1/2 were highly expressed in the root periderm, where tanshinones mainly accumulated in S. miltiorrhiza. Overexpression of SmGRAS1/2 upregulated tanshinones accumulation and downregulated GA, phenolic acids contents, and root biomass. However, antisense expression of SmGRAS1/2 reduced the tanshinones accumulation and increased the GA, phenolic acids contents, and root biomass. The expression patterns of biosynthesis genes were consistent with the changes in compounds accumulation. GA treatment increased tanshinones, phenolic acids, and GA contents in the overexpression lines, and restored the root growth inhibited by overexpressing SmGRAS1/2. Subsequently, yeast one-hybrid, dual-luciferase, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) showed SmGRAS1 promoted tanshinones biosynthesis by directly binding to the GARE motif in the SmKSL1 promoter and activating its expression. Yeast two-hybrid assays showed SmGRAS1 interacted physically with SmGRAS2. Taken together, the results revealed that SmGRAS1/2 acted as repressors in root growth and phenolic acids biosynthesis but as positive regulators in tanshinones biosynthesis. Overall, our findings revealed the potential value of SmGRAS1/2 in genetically engineering changes in secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Li
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenqing Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tianlin Pei
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renjun Mao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bingxue Zhang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuangfeng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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21
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Phua SY, Yan D, Chan KX, Estavillo GM, Nambara E, Pogson BJ. The Arabidopsis SAL1-PAP Pathway: A Case Study for Integrating Chloroplast Retrograde, Light and Hormonal Signaling in Modulating Plant Growth and Development? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1171. [PMID: 30135700 PMCID: PMC6092573 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and development are dependent on chloroplast development and function. Constitutive high level accumulation of a chloroplast stress signal, 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphate (PAP), confers drought tolerance to plants, but slow downs and alters plant growth and development. PAP, a by-product of sulfur metabolism, is maintained at very low levels by the SAL1 phosphatase during vegetative growth of Arabidopsis and accumulates in rosettes during drought and excess light. Eight independent forward genetic screens in Arabidopsis identified SAL1 as the regulator of multiple phenotypes related to stress responses, hormonal signaling and/or perception. In this perspective article, we collate all the sal1 phenotypes published in the past two decades, and distill the different pathways affected. Our meta-analysis of publicly available sal1 microarray data coupled to preliminary hormonal treatment and profiling results on sal1 indicate that homeostasis and responses to multiple hormones in sal1 are altered during rosette growth, suggesting a potential connection between SAL1-PAP stress retrograde pathway and hormonal signaling. We propose the SAL1-PAP pathway as a case study for integrating chloroplast retrograde signaling, light signaling and hormonal signaling in plant growth and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Y. Phua
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dawei Yan
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kai X. Chan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gonzalo M. Estavillo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Eiji Nambara
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Barry J. Pogson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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22
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Oliveira JPS, Koblitz MGB, Ferreira MSL, Cameron LC, Macedo AF. Comparative metabolomic responses to gibberellic acid and 6-benzylaminopurine in Cunila menthoides Benth. (Lamiaceae): a contribution to understand the metabolic pathways. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:1173-1185. [PMID: 29796946 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellic acid elicited synthesis of many phenols from different classes and enhanced production of sesquiterpenoids, polyterpenoids, steroids and monoterpenoids compared to control and 6-benzylaminopurine. Little is known about the effects of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) on the synthesis of secondary metabolites in species of Lamiaceae. In this study, for the first time, the profile of secondary metabolites in plantlets of Cunila menthoides was characterized, using UPLC-ESI-Qq-oaTOF-MS. Ninety metabolites were identified, including polyphenols and terpenes. BA down-regulated most of the identified molecules in relation to GA3 and MS0 (control). The results showed that GA3 elicited synthesis of many phenols from different classes, and seemed to play a major role in the shikimate pathway in relation to BA. GA3 enhanced production of sesquiterpenoids, polyterpenoids, steroids and monoterpenoids compared to MS0 and BA, and also seemed to positively influence the MEP/DOXP and MVA pathways. These data show the most comprehensive metabolomic profile of Cunila menthoides to date, and the effects of BA and GA3 on the synthesis of secondary metabolites, modulating quantitative aspects of metabolism in Lamiaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana P S Oliveira
- Integrated Laboratory of Plant Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, UNIRIO. Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-240, Brazil
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Center of Innovation of Mass Spectrometry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, UNIRIO. Av. Pasteur, 296, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-250, Brazil
| | - Maria Gabriela B Koblitz
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Center of Innovation of Mass Spectrometry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, UNIRIO. Av. Pasteur, 296, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-250, Brazil
- Food and Nutrition Graduate Program, Nutritional Biochemistry Center, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, UNIRIO. Av. Pasteur, 296, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-250, Brazil
| | - Mariana S L Ferreira
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Center of Innovation of Mass Spectrometry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, UNIRIO. Av. Pasteur, 296, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-250, Brazil
- Food and Nutrition Graduate Program, Nutritional Biochemistry Center, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, UNIRIO. Av. Pasteur, 296, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-250, Brazil
| | - L C Cameron
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Center of Innovation of Mass Spectrometry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, UNIRIO. Av. Pasteur, 296, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-250, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Sportomics, Olympic Laboratory, Brazil Olympic Committee, Av. das Américas 899, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, 22631-000, Brazil
| | - Andrea F Macedo
- Integrated Laboratory of Plant Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, UNIRIO. Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-240, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Center of Innovation of Mass Spectrometry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, UNIRIO. Av. Pasteur, 296, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-250, Brazil.
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23
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Garcia Tavares R, Lakshmanan P, Peiter E, O’Connell A, Caldana C, Vicentini R, Soares JS, Menossi M. ScGAI is a key regulator of culm development in sugarcane. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3823-3837. [PMID: 29767776 PMCID: PMC6054169 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane contributes more than 70% of sugar production and is the second largest feedstock for ethanol production globally. Since sugar accumulates in sugarcane culms, culm biomass and sucrose content are the most commercially important traits. Despite extensive breeding, progress in both cane yield and sugar content remains very slow in most countries. We hypothesize that manipulating the genetic elements controlling culm growth will alter source-sink regulation and help break down the yield barriers. In this study, we investigate the role of sugarcane ScGAI, an ortholog of SLR1/D8/RHT1/GAI, on culm development and source-sink regulation through a combination of molecular techniques and transgenic strategies. We show that ScGAI is a key molecular regulator of culm growth and development. Changing ScGAI activity created substantial culm growth and carbon allocation changes for structural molecules and storage. ScGAI regulates spatio-temporal growth of sugarcane culm and leaf by interacting with ScPIF3/PIF4 and ethylene signaling elements ScEIN3/ScEIL1, and its action appears to be regulated by SUMOylation in leaf but not in the culm. Collectively, the remarkable culm growth variation observed suggests that ScGAI could be used as an effective molecular breeding target for breaking the slow yield gain in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Garcia Tavares
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Sugar Research Australia (SRA), Indooroopilly, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Edgar Peiter
- Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Camila Caldana
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CTBE), Campinas, Brazil
- Max Planck Partner Group at CTBE, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Renato Vicentini
- System Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - José Sérgio Soares
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Menossi
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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24
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Racca S, Welchen E, Gras DE, Tarkowská D, Turečková V, Maurino VG, Gonzalez DH. Interplay between cytochrome c and gibberellins during Arabidopsis vegetative development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 94:105-121. [PMID: 29385297 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effect of reducing the levels of the mitochondrial electron carrier cytochrome c (CYTc) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants with CYTc deficiency have delayed growth and development, and reach flowering several days later than the wild-type but with the same number of leaves. CYTc-deficient plants accumulate starch and glucose during the day, and contain lower levels of active gibberellins (GA) and higher levels of DELLA proteins, involved in GA signaling. GA treatment abolishes the developmental delay and reduces glucose accumulation in CYTc-deficient plants, which also show a lower raise in ATP levels in response to glucose. Treatment of wild-type plants with inhibitors of mitochondrial energy production limits plant growth and increases the levels of DELLA proteins, thus mimicking the effects of CYTc deficiency. In addition, an increase in the amount of CYTc decreases DELLA protein levels and expedites growth, and this depends on active GA synthesis. We conclude that CYTc levels impinge on the activity of the GA pathway, most likely through changes in mitochondrial energy production. In this way, hormone-dependent growth would be coupled to the activity of components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Racca
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Elina Welchen
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Diana E Gras
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Turečková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Veronica G Maurino
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel H Gonzalez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
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25
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Hui WK, Wang Y, Chen XY, Zayed MZ, Wu GJ. Analysis of Transcriptional Responses of the Inflorescence Meristems in Jatropha curcas Following Gibberellin Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020432. [PMID: 29389867 PMCID: PMC5855654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Jatropha curcas L. seeds an oilseed plant with great potential for biodiesel production. However, low seed yield, which was limited by its lower female flowers, was a major drawback for its utilization. Our previous study found that the flower number and female-to-male ratio were increased by gibberellin treatment. Here, we compared the transcriptomic profiles of inflorescence meristem at different time points after gibberellic acid A3 (GA3) treatment. The present study showed that 951 differentially expressed genes were obtained in response to gibberellin treatment, compared with control samples. The 6-h time point was an important phase in the response to exogenous gibberellin. Furthermore, the plant endogenous gibberellin, auxin, ethylene, abscisic acid, and brassinolide-signaling transduction pathways were repressed, whereas the genes associated with cytokinin and jasmonic acid signaling were upregulated for 24-h time point following GA3 treatment. In addition, the floral meristem determinacy genes (JcLFY, JcSOC1) and floral organ identity genes (JcAP3, JcPI, JcSEP1-3) were significantly upregulated, but their negative regulator (JcSVP) was downregulated after GA3 treatment. Moreover, the effects of phytohormone, which was induced by exogenous plant growth regulator, mainly acted on the female floral differentiation process. To the best of our knowledge, this data is the first comprehensive analysis of the underlying transcriptional response mechanism of floral differentiation following GA3 treatment in J. curcas, which helps in engineering high-yielding varieties of Jatropha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Kai Hui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forest Tree Breeding, College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Xiao-Yang Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forest Tree Breeding, College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Mohamed Zaky Zayed
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Forestry and Wood Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21527, Egypt.
| | - Guo-Jiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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26
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Nam YJ, Herman D, Blomme J, Chae E, Kojima M, Coppens F, Storme V, Van Daele T, Dhondt S, Sakakibara H, Weigel D, Inzé D, Gonzalez N. Natural Variation of Molecular and Morphological Gibberellin Responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:703-714. [PMID: 27879393 PMCID: PMC5210761 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although phytohormones such as gibberellins are essential for many conserved aspects of plant physiology and development, plants vary greatly in their responses to these regulatory compounds. Here, we use genetic perturbation of endogenous gibberellin levels to probe the extent of intraspecific variation in gibberellin responses in natural accessions of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We find that these accessions vary greatly in their ability to buffer the effects of overexpression of GA20ox1, encoding a rate-limiting enzyme for gibberellin biosynthesis, with substantial differences in bioactive gibberellin concentrations as well as transcriptomes and growth trajectories. These findings demonstrate a surprising level of flexibility in the wiring of regulatory networks underlying hormone metabolism and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Jeong Nam
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (E.C., D.W.); and
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.)
| | - Dorota Herman
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (E.C., D.W.); and
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.)
| | - Jonas Blomme
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (E.C., D.W.); and
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.)
| | - Eunyoung Chae
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (E.C., D.W.); and
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.)
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (E.C., D.W.); and
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.)
| | - Frederik Coppens
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (E.C., D.W.); and
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.)
| | - Veronique Storme
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (E.C., D.W.); and
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.)
| | - Twiggy Van Daele
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (E.C., D.W.); and
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.)
| | - Stijn Dhondt
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (E.C., D.W.); and
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.)
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (E.C., D.W.); and
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.)
| | - Detlef Weigel
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (E.C., D.W.); and
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.)
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.);
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.);
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (E.C., D.W.); and
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.)
| | - Nathalie Gonzalez
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium (Y.J.N., D.H., F.C., V.S., T.V.D., S.D., D.I., N.G.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (E.C., D.W.); and
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.)
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27
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Vragović K, Bartom E, Savaldi-Goldstein S. Quantitation of Cell Type-Specific Responses to Brassinosteroid by Deep Sequencing of Polysome-Associated Polyadenylated RNA. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1564:81-102. [PMID: 28124248 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6813-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hormonal signaling pathways control almost every aspect of plant physiology and development. Extensive analysis of hormonal signaling output, i.e., gene expression, has therefore been the focus of many studies. These analyses have been primarily conducted on total extracts derived from a mixture of tissues and cell types, consequentially limiting delineation of precise models. In this chapter, methods for tissue-specific functional genomics are overviewed, in which hormonal responses are analyzed at the transcriptional and the translational levels. Deep sequencing of polysome-associated polyadenylated RNA is employed for cell type-specific quantitation of translatome responses to brassinosteroids. Polysomes are purified by the previously established Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification (TRAP) method, in which the expression of a tagged ribosomal protein is targeted to the tissue of interest, allowing tissue-specific immunopurification of the polysome complexes. The methods presented assess establishment and selection of suitable transgenic lines. A protocol for hormonal treatment of the Arabidopsis thaliana root as a case study, TRAP and linear amplification of the purified polysome-associated polyadenylated RNA are described. Finally, a step-by-step presentation is included of the analysis of the RNA deep-sequencing data and Rscript for plotting hierarchically clustered heatmap of the expressed genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Vragović
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Elizabeth Bartom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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28
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Sablok G, Powell JJ, Kazan K. Emerging Roles and Landscape of Translating mRNAs in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1443. [PMID: 28919899 PMCID: PMC5585741 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants use a wide range of mechanisms to adapt to different environmental stresses. One of the earliest responses displayed under stress is rapid alterations in stress responsive gene expression that has been extensively analyzed through expression profiling such as microarrays and RNA-sequencing. Recently, expression profiling has been complemented with proteome analyses to establish a link between transcriptional and the corresponding translational changes. However, proteome profiling approaches have their own technical limitations. More recently, ribosome-associated mRNA profiling has emerged as an alternative and a robust way of identifying translating mRNAs, which are a set of mRNAs associated with ribosomes and more likely to contribute to proteome abundance. In this article, we briefly review recent studies that examined the processes affecting the abundance of translating mRNAs, their regulation during plant development and tolerance to stress conditions and plant factors affecting the selection of translating mRNA pools. This review also highlights recent findings revealing differential roles of alternatively spliced mRNAs and their translational control during stress adaptation. Overall, better understanding of processes involved in the regulation of translating mRNAs has obvious implications for improvement of stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sablok
- Finnish Museum of Natural HistoryHelsinki, Finland
- Department of Biosciences, Viikki Plant Science Center, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Gaurav Sablok, Kemal Kazan,
| | - Jonathan J. Powell
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Agriculture, St. LuciaQLD, Australia
| | - Kemal Kazan
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Agriculture, St. LuciaQLD, Australia
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St. LuciaQLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Gaurav Sablok, Kemal Kazan,
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Cai Y, Shao L, Li X, Liu G, Chen S. Gibberellin stimulates regrowth after defoliation of sheepgrass (Leymus chinensis) by regulating expression of fructan-related genes. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2016; 129:935-944. [PMID: 27216422 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0832-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) affect forage growth and development; however, it is largely unknown how GAs regulate the metabolism of fructan (an important polysaccharide reserve in many cereals) and the regrowth of forage plants after defoliation. To explore the mechanism of the responses of defoliated sheepgrass [Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel] to GA, we sprayed defoliated sheepgrass with GA3 and/or paclobutrazol (PAC; an inhibitor of GA biosynthesis) and analyzed the growth characteristics, carbohydrate contents, and transcript levels of genes related to GA metabolism, GA signal transduction, and fructan metabolism. The results showed that spraying exogenous GA3 onto defoliated sheepgrass promoted leaf and internode elongation, while spraying with PAC inhibited leaf and internode elongation, compared with the control. Spraying GA3 onto defoliated sheepgrass also altered the fructan content by extending the period of fructan utilization. At the transcriptional level, exogenous GA3 increased the transcript levels of genes related to GA metabolism in the sheath. Taken together, our results suggest that exogenous GA3 stimulates the regrowth of defoliated sheepgrass regrowth by regulating GA and fructan-related genes, and by promoting endogenous GA synthesis, fructan metabolism, and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Cai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Linhui Shao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuqing Li
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Potato Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 850 Lincoln Road, P.O. Box 20280, Fredericton, NB, E3B 4Z7, Canada
| | - Gongshe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuangyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China.
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Proost S, Mutwil M. Tools of the trade: studying molecular networks in plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 30:143-150. [PMID: 26990519 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Driven by recent technological improvements, genes can be now studied in a larger biological context. Genes and their protein products rarely operate as a single entity and large-scale mapping by protein-protein interactions can unveil the molecular complexes that form in the cell to carry out various functions. Expression analysis under multiple conditions, supplemented with protein-DNA binding data can highlight when genes are active and how they are regulated. Representing these data in networks and finding strongly connected sub-graphs has proven to be a powerful tool to predict the function of unknown genes. As such networks are gradually becoming available for various plant species, it becomes possible to study how networks evolve. This review summarizes currently available network data and related tools for plants. Furthermore we aim to provide an outlook of future analyses that can be done in plants based on work done in other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Proost
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Marek Mutwil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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Exogenous GA₃ Application Enhances Xylem Development and Induces the Expression of Secondary Wall Biosynthesis Related Genes in Betula platyphylla. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:22960-75. [PMID: 26404260 PMCID: PMC4613346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160922960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gibberellin (GA) is a key signal molecule inducing differentiation of tracheary elements, fibers, and xylogenesis. However the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of GA on xylem elongation and secondary wall development in tree species remain to be determined. In this study, Betula platyphylla (birch) seeds were treated with 300 ppm GA3 and/or 300 ppm paclobutrazol (PAC), seed germination was recorded, and transverse sections of hypocotyls were stained with toluidine blue; the two-month-old seedlings were treated with 50 μM GA3 and/or 50 μM PAC, transverse sections of seedling stems were stained using phloroglucinol–HCl, and secondary wall biosynthesis related genes expression was analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR. Results indicated that germination percentage, energy and time of seeds, hypocotyl height and seedling fresh weight were enhanced by GA3, and reduced by PAC; the xylem development was wider in GA3-treated plants than in the control; the expression of NAC and MYB transcription factors, CESA, PAL, and GA oxidase was up-regulated during GA3 treatment, suggesting their role in GA3-induced xylem development in the birch. Our results suggest that GA3 induces the expression of secondary wall biosynthesis related genes to trigger xylogenesis in the birch plants.
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Chiang MH, Shen HL, Cheng WH. Genetic analyses of the interaction between abscisic acid and gibberellins in the control of leaf development in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 236:260-271. [PMID: 26025539 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs) play pivotal roles in many physiological processes in plants, their interaction in the control of leaf growth remains elusive. In this study, genetic analyses of ABA and GA interplay in leaf growth were performed in Arabidopsis thaliana. The results indicate that for the ABA and GA interaction, leaf growth of both the aba2/ga20ox1 and aba2/GA20ox1 plants, which were derived from the crosses of aba2×ga20ox1 and aba2×GA20ox1 overexpressor, respectively, exhibits partially additive effects but is similar to the aba2 mutant. Consistently, the transcriptome analysis suggests that a substantial proportion (45-65%) of the gene expression profile of aba2/ga20ox1 and aba2/GA20ox1 plants overlap and share a pattern similar to the aba2 mutant. Thus, these data suggest that ABA deficiency dominates leaf growth regardless of GA levels. Moreover, the gene ontology (GO) analysis indicates gene enrichment in the categories of hormone response, developmental and metabolic processes, and cell wall organization in these three genotypes. Leaf developmental genes are also involved in the ABA-GA interaction. Collectively, these data support that the genetic relationship of ABA and GA interaction involves multiple coordinated pathways rather than a simple linear pathway for the regulation of leaf growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hau Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwei-Ling Shen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hsing Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Domingos S, Scafidi P, Cardoso V, Leitao AE, Di Lorenzo R, Oliveira CM, Goulao LF. Flower abscission in Vitis vinifera L. triggered by gibberellic acid and shade discloses differences in the underlying metabolic pathways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:457. [PMID: 26157448 PMCID: PMC4476107 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding abscission is both a biological and an agronomic challenge. Flower abscission induced independently by shade and gibberellic acid (GAc) sprays was monitored in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) growing under a soilless greenhouse system during two seasonal growing conditions, in an early and late production cycle. Physiological and metabolic changes triggered by each of the two distinct stimuli were determined. Environmental conditions exerted a significant effect on fruit set as showed by the higher natural drop rate recorded in the late production cycle with respect to the early cycle. Shade and GAc treatments increased the percentage of flower drop compared to the control, and at a similar degree, during the late production cycle. The reduction of leaf gas exchanges under shade conditions was not observed in GAc treated vines. The metabolic profile assessed in samples collected during the late cycle differently affected primary and secondary metabolisms and showed that most of the treatment-resulting variations occurred in opposite trends in inflorescences unbalanced in either hormonal or energy deficit abscission-inducing signals. Particularly concerning carbohydrates metabolism, sucrose, glucose, tricarboxylic acid metabolites and intermediates of the raffinose family oligosaccharides pathway were lower in shaded and higher in GAc samples. Altered oxidative stress remediation mechanisms and indolacetic acid (IAA) concentration were identified as abscission signatures common to both stimuli. According to the global analysis performed, we report that grape flower abscission mechanisms triggered by GAc application and C-starvation are not based on the same metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Domingos
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaLisbon, Portugal
- Agri4Safe-BioTrop, Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical I.P., LisbonPortugal
| | - Pietro Scafidi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, University of PalermoPalermo, Italy
| | - Vania Cardoso
- Agri4Safe-BioTrop, Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical I.P., LisbonPortugal
| | - Antonio E. Leitao
- Agri4Safe-BioTrop, Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical I.P., LisbonPortugal
| | - Rosario Di Lorenzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, University of PalermoPalermo, Italy
| | - Cristina M. Oliveira
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaLisbon, Portugal
| | - Luis F. Goulao
- Agri4Safe-BioTrop, Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical I.P., LisbonPortugal
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Ljung K, Nemhauser JL, Perata P. New mechanistic links between sugar and hormone signalling networks. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 25:130-7. [PMID: 26037392 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and development must be coordinated with metabolism, notably with the efficiency of photosynthesis and the uptake of nutrients. This coordination requires local connections between hormonal response and metabolic state, as well as long-distance connections between shoot and root tissues. Recently, several molecular mechanisms have been proposed to explain the integration of sugar signalling with hormone pathways. In this work, DELLA and PIF proteins have emerged as hubs in sugar-hormone cross-regulation networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, SLU, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
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35
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Yan G, Yan X. Ribosomal proteomics: Strategies, approaches, and perspectives. Biochimie 2015; 113:69-77. [PMID: 25869001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, proteomic research has seen unprecedented development due to technological advancement. However, whole-cell proteomics still has limitations with respect to sample complexity and the accuracy of determining protein locations. To deal with these limitations, several subcellular proteomic studies have been initiated. Nevertheless, compared to other subcellular proteomic fields, such as mitochondrial proteomics, ribosomal proteomics has lagged behind due to the long-held idea that the ribosome is just a translation machine. Recently, with the proposed ribosome filter hypothesis and subsequent studies of ribosome-specific regulatory capacity, ribosomal proteomics has become a promising chapter for both proteomic and ribosomal research. In this review, we discuss the current strategies and approaches in ribosomal proteomics and the efficacies as well as disadvantages of individual approaches for further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guokai Yan
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xianghua Yan
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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36
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Serra AA, Couée I, Renault D, Gouesbet G, Sulmon C. Metabolic profiling of Lolium perenne shows functional integration of metabolic responses to diverse subtoxic conditions of chemical stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:1801-16. [PMID: 25618145 PMCID: PMC4669549 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant communities are confronted with a great variety of environmental chemical stresses. Characterization of chemical stress in higher plants has often been focused on single or closely related stressors under acute exposure, or restricted to a selective number of molecular targets. In order to understand plant functioning under chemical stress conditions close to environmental pollution conditions, the C3 grass Lolium perenne was subjected to a panel of different chemical stressors (pesticide, pesticide degradation compound, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and heavy metal) under conditions of seed-level or root-level subtoxic exposure. Physiological and metabolic profiling analysis on roots and shoots revealed that all of these subtoxic chemical stresses resulted in discrete physiological perturbations and complex metabolic shifts. These metabolic shifts involved stressor-specific effects, indicating multilevel mechanisms of action, such as the effects of glyphosate and its degradation product aminomethylphosphonic acid on quinate levels. They also involved major generic effects that linked all of the subtoxic chemical stresses with major modifications of nitrogen metabolism, especially affecting asparagine, and of photorespiration, especially affecting alanine and glycerate. Stress-related physiological effects and metabolic adjustments were shown to be integrated through a complex network of metabolic correlations converging on Asn, Leu, Ser, and glucose-6-phosphate, which could potentially be modulated by differential dynamics and interconversion of soluble sugars (sucrose, trehalose, fructose, and glucose). Underlying metabolic, regulatory, and signalling mechanisms linking these subtoxic chemical stresses with a generic impact on nitrogen metabolism and photorespiration are discussed in relation to carbohydrate and low-energy sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Antonella Serra
- Université de Rennes 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, Campus de Beaulieu, Bâtiment 14A, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Ivan Couée
- Université de Rennes 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, Campus de Beaulieu, Bâtiment 14A, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - David Renault
- Université de Rennes 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, Campus de Beaulieu, Bâtiment 14A, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Gwenola Gouesbet
- Université de Rennes 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, Campus de Beaulieu, Bâtiment 14A, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Cécile Sulmon
- Université de Rennes 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, Campus de Beaulieu, Bâtiment 14A, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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Karidas P, Challa KR, Nath U. The tarani mutation alters surface curvature in Arabidopsis leaves by perturbing the patterns of surface expansion and cell division. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2107-22. [PMID: 25711708 PMCID: PMC4378639 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The leaf surface usually stays flat, maintained by coordinated growth. Growth perturbation can introduce overall surface curvature, which can be negative, giving a saddle-shaped leaf, or positive, giving a cup-like leaf. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms that underlie leaf flatness, primarily because only a few mutants with altered surface curvature have been isolated and studied. Characterization of mutants of the CINCINNATA-like TCP genes in Antirrhinum and Arabidopsis have revealed that their products help maintain flatness by balancing the pattern of cell proliferation and surface expansion between the margin and the central zone during leaf morphogenesis. On the other hand, deletion of two homologous PEAPOD genes causes cup-shaped leaves in Arabidopsis due to excess division of dispersed meristemoid cells. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of an Arabidopsis mutant, tarani (tni), with enlarged, cup-shaped leaves. Morphometric analyses showed that the positive curvature of the tni leaf is linked to excess growth at the centre compared to the margin. By monitoring the dynamic pattern of CYCLIN D3;2 expression, we show that the shape of the primary arrest front is strongly convex in growing tni leaves, leading to excess mitotic expansion synchronized with excess cell proliferation at the centre. Reduction of cell proliferation and of endogenous gibberellic acid levels rescued the tni phenotype. Genetic interactions demonstrated that TNI maintains leaf flatness independent of TCPs and PEAPODs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premananda Karidas
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Krishna Reddy Challa
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Utpal Nath
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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Cheng C, Jiao C, Singer SD, Gao M, Xu X, Zhou Y, Li Z, Fei Z, Wang Y, Wang X. Gibberellin-induced changes in the transcriptome of grapevine (Vitis labrusca × V. vinifera) cv. Kyoho flowers. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:128. [PMID: 25888129 PMCID: PMC4348105 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gibberellins are well known for their growth control function in flower, fruit and seed development, and as such, exogenous gibberellic acid (GA) application plays an important role in viticulture. Unfortunately, the mechanism by which GA3 acts in the regulation of these complicated developmental processes in grape remains unclear. RESULTS In the present study, we demonstrated that application of GA3 to 'Kyoho' grapevine inflorescences at pre-bloom promoted flower opening, and induced fruit coloring as well as seed abortion. In an attempt to obtain a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving these responses to GA3 treatment, we performed large-scale transcriptome sequencing of grape flowers following GA3 treatment using Illumina sequencing technology. Global expression profiles of GA3-treated and untreated grape flowers were compared and a large number of GA3-responsive genes were identified. Gene ontology (GO) term classification and biochemical pathway analyses indicated that GA3 treatment caused changes in the levels of transcripts involved in cellular processes, reproduction, hormone and secondary metabolism, as well as the scavenging and detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These findings suggest that GA3-induced morphological alterations may be related to the control of hormone biosynthesis and signaling, regulation of transcription factors, alteration of secondary metabolites, and the stability of redox homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, this comprehensive inflorescence transcriptome data set provides novel insight into the response of grape flowers to GA3 treatment, and also provides possible candidate genes or markers that could be used to guide future efforts in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. .,Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Chen Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Stacy D Singer
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
| | - Min Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiaozhao Xu
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yiming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA. .,USDA Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Yuejin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Benina M, Ribeiro DM, Gechev TS, Mueller-Roeber B, Schippers JHM. A cell type-specific view on the translation of mRNAs from ROS-responsive genes upon paraquat treatment of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:349-63. [PMID: 24738758 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress causes dramatic changes in the expression levels of many genes. The formation of a functional protein through successful mRNA translation is central to a coordinated cellular response. To what extent the response towards reactive oxygen species (ROS) is regulated at the translational level is poorly understood. Here we analysed leaf- and tissue-specific translatomes using a set of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines expressing a FLAG-tagged ribosomal protein to immunopurify polysome-bound mRNAs before and after oxidative stress. We determined transcript levels of 171 ROS-responsive genes upon paraquat treatment, which causes formation of superoxide radicals, at the whole-organ level. Furthermore, the translation of mRNAs was determined for five cell types: mesophyll, bundle sheath, phloem companion, epidermal and guard cells. Mesophyll and bundle sheath cells showed the strongest response to paraquat treatment. Interestingly, several ROS-responsive transcription factors displayed cell type-specific translation patterns, while others were translated in all cell types. In part, cell type-specific translation could be explained by the length of the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) and the presence of upstream open reading frames (uORFs). Our analysis reveals insights into the translational regulation of ROS-responsive genes, which is important to understanding cell-specific responses and functions during oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Benina
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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40
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Juntawong P, Hummel M, Bazin J, Bailey-Serres J. Ribosome profiling: a tool for quantitative evaluation of dynamics in mRNA translation. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1284:139-73. [PMID: 25757771 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2444-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Translational regulation is important for plant growth, metabolism, and acclimation to environmental challenges. Ribosome profiling involves the nuclease digestion of mRNAs associated with ribosomes and mapping of the generated ribosome-protected footprints to transcripts. This is useful for investigation of translational regulation. Here we present a detailed method to generate, purify, and high-throughput-sequence ribosome footprints from Arabidopsis thaliana using two different isolation methods, namely, conventional differential centrifugation and the translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) technology. These methodologies provide researchers with an opportunity to quantitatively assess with high-resolution the translational activity of individual mRNAs by determination of the position and number of ribosomes in the corresponding mRNA. The results can provide insights into the translation of upstream open reading frames, alternatively spliced transcripts, short open reading frames, and other aspects of translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyada Juntawong
- Center for Plant Cell Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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Osuna D, Prieto P, Aguilar M. Control of Seed Germination and Plant Development by Carbon and Nitrogen Availability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1023. [PMID: 26635847 PMCID: PMC4649081 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the molecular basis of the influence of external carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio and other abiotic factors on phytohormones regulation during seed germination and plant developmental processes, and the identification of elements that participate in this response is essential to understand plant nutrient perception and signaling. Sugars (sucrose, glucose) and nitrate not only act as nutrients but also as signaling molecules in plant development. A connection between changes in auxin transport and nitrate signal transduction has been reported in Arabidopsis thaliana through the NRT1.1, a nitrate sensor and transporter that also functions as a repressor of lateral root growth under low concentrations of nitrate by promoting auxin transport. Nitrate inhibits the elongation of lateral roots, but this effect is significantly reduced in abscisic acid (ABA)-insensitive mutants, what suggests that ABA might mediate the inhibition of lateral root elongation by nitrate. Gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis has been also related to nitrate level in seed germination and its requirement is determined by embryonic ABA. These mechanisms connect nutrients and hormones signaling during seed germination and plant development. Thus, the genetic identification of the molecular components involved in nutrients-dependent pathways would help to elucidate the potential crosstalk between nutrients, nitric oxide (NO) and phytohormones (ABA, auxins and GAs) in seed germination and plant development. In this review we focus on changes in C and N levels and how they control seed germination and plant developmental processes through the interaction with other plant growth regulators, such as phytohormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Osuna
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Córdoba, Spain,
- *Correspondence: Daniel Osuna,
| | - Pilar Prieto
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Córdoba, Spain,
| | - Miguel Aguilar
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Cavalcanti JHF, Esteves-Ferreira AA, Quinhones CGS, Pereira-Lima IA, Nunes-Nesi A, Fernie AR, Araújo WL. Evolution and functional implications of the tricarboxylic acid cycle as revealed by phylogenetic analysis. Genome Biol Evol 2014; 6:2830-48. [PMID: 25274566 PMCID: PMC4224347 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evu221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, a crucial component of respiratory metabolism, is composed of a set of eight enzymes present in the mitochondrial matrix. However, most of the TCA cycle enzymes are encoded in the nucleus in higher eukaryotes. In addition, evidence has accumulated demonstrating that nuclear genes were acquired from the mitochondrial genome during the course of evolution. For this reason, we here analyzed the evolutionary history of all TCA cycle enzymes in attempt to better understand the origin of these nuclear-encoded proteins. Our results indicate that prior to endosymbiotic events the TCA cycle seemed to operate only as isolated steps in both the host (eubacterial cell) and mitochondria (alphaproteobacteria). The origin of isoforms present in different cell compartments might be associated either with gene-transfer events which did not result in proper targeting of the protein to mitochondrion or with duplication events. Further in silico analyses allow us to suggest new insights into the possible roles of TCA cycle enzymes in different tissues. Finally, we performed coexpression analysis using mitochondrial TCA cycle genes revealing close connections among these genes most likely related to the higher efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation in this specialized organelle. Moreover, these analyses allowed us to identify further candidate genes which might be used for metabolic engineering purposes given the importance of the TCA cycle during development and/or stress situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Henrique Frota Cavalcanti
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil Max-Planck-Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Alberto A Esteves-Ferreira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil Max-Planck-Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Carla G S Quinhones
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil Max-Planck-Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Italo A Pereira-Lima
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil Max-Planck-Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil Max-Planck-Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil Max-Planck-Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Sénéchal F, Wattier C, Rustérucci C, Pelloux J. Homogalacturonan-modifying enzymes: structure, expression, and roles in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:5125-60. [PMID: 25056773 PMCID: PMC4400535 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the changes affecting the plant cell wall is a key element in addressing its functional role in plant growth and in the response to stress. Pectins, which are the main constituents of the primary cell wall in dicot species, play a central role in the control of cellular adhesion and thereby of the rheological properties of the wall. This is likely to be a major determinant of plant growth. How the discrete changes in pectin structure are mediated is thus a key issue in our understanding of plant development and plant responses to changes in the environment. In particular, understanding the remodelling of homogalacturonan (HG), the most abundant pectic polymer, by specific enzymes is a current challenge in addressing its fundamental role. HG, a polymer that can be methylesterified or acetylated, can be modified by HGMEs (HG-modifying enzymes) which all belong to large multigenic families in all species sequenced to date. In particular, both the degrees of substitution (methylesterification and/or acetylation) and polymerization can be controlled by specific enzymes such as pectin methylesterases (PMEs), pectin acetylesterases (PAEs), polygalacturonases (PGs), or pectate lyases-like (PLLs). Major advances in the biochemical and functional characterization of these enzymes have been made over the last 10 years. This review aims to provide a comprehensive, up to date summary of the recent data concerning the structure, regulation, and function of these fascinating enzymes in plant development and in response to biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Sénéchal
- EA3900 BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue St Leu, F-80039 Amiens, France
| | - Christopher Wattier
- EA3900 BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue St Leu, F-80039 Amiens, France
| | - Christine Rustérucci
- EA3900 BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue St Leu, F-80039 Amiens, France
| | - Jérôme Pelloux
- EA3900 BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue St Leu, F-80039 Amiens, France
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Wang L, Mu C, Du M, Chen Y, Tian X, Zhang M, Li Z. The effect of mepiquat chloride on elongation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) internode is associated with low concentration of gibberellic acid. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 225:15-23. [PMID: 25017155 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The growth regulator mepiquat chloride (MC) is globally used in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) canopy manipulation to avoid excess growth and yield loss. However, little information is available as to whether the modification of plant architecture by MC is related to alterations in gibberellic acid (GA) metabolism and signaling. Here, the role of GA metabolism and signaling was investigated in cotton seedlings treated with MC. The MC significantly decreased endogenous GA3 and GA4 levels in the elongating internode, which inhibited cell elongation by downregulating GhEXP and GhXTH2, and then reducing plant height. Biosynthetic and metabolic genes of GA were markedly suppressed within 2-10d of MC treatment, which also downregulated the expression of DELLA-like genes. A remarkable feedback regulation was observed at the early stage of MC treatment when GA biosynthetic and metabolic genes expression was evidently upregulated. Mepiquat chloride action was controlled by temporal translocation and spatial accumulation which regulated GA biosynthesis and signal expression for maintaining GA homeostasis. The results suggested that MC application could reduce endogenous GA levels in cotton through controlled GA biosynthetic and metabolic genes expression, which might inhibit cell elongation, thereby shortening the internode and reducing plant height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Chun Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingwei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoli Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingcai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhaohu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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De Bruyne L, Höfte M, De Vleesschauwer D. Connecting growth and defense: the emerging roles of brassinosteroids and gibberellins in plant innate immunity. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:943-959. [PMID: 24777987 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssu050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) and gibberellins (GAs) are two groups of phytohormones that regulate many common developmental processes throughout the plant life cycle. Fueled by large-scale 'omics' technologies and the burgeoning field of plant computational biology, the past few years have witnessed paradigm-shifting advances in our understanding of how BRs and GA are perceived and their signals transduced. Accumulating evidence also implicates BR and GA in the coordination and integration of plant immune responses. Similarly to other growth regulators, BR and GA play ambiguous roles in molding pathological outcomes, the effects of which may depend not only on the pathogen's lifestyle and infection strategy, but also on specialized features of each interaction. Analysis of the underpinning molecular mechanisms points to a crucial role of GA-inhibiting DELLA proteins and the BR-regulated transcription factor BZR1. Acting at the interface of developmental and defense signaling, these proteins likely serve as central hubs for pathway crosstalk and signal integration, allowing appropriate modulation of plant growth and defense in response to various stimuli. In this review, we outline the latest discoveries dealing with BR and GA modulation of plant innate immunity and highlight interactions between BR and GA signaling, plant defense, and microbial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieselotte De Bruyne
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Monica Höfte
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - David De Vleesschauwer
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Transcriptional control of ROS homeostasis by KUODA1 regulates cell expansion during leaf development. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3767. [PMID: 24806884 PMCID: PMC4024751 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The final size of an organism, or of single organs within an organism, depends on an intricate coordination of cell proliferation and cell expansion. Although organism size is of fundamental importance, the molecular and genetic mechanisms that control it remain far from understood. Here we identify a transcription factor, KUODA1 (KUA1), which specifically controls cell expansion during leaf development in Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that KUA1 expression is circadian regulated and depends on an intact clock. Furthermore, KUA1 directly represses the expression of a set of genes encoding for peroxidases that control reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis in the apoplast. Disruption of KUA1 results in increased peroxidase activity and smaller leaf cells. Chemical or genetic interference with the ROS balance or peroxidase activity affects cell size in a manner consistent with the identified KUA1 function. Thus, KUA1 modulates leaf cell expansion and final organ size by controlling ROS homeostasis. During plant development, organ size is controlled by cell proliferation and expansion, but the molecular mechanisms involved are unclear. Here, Lu et al. show that leaf cell expansion is controlled by the KUA1 transcription factor that acts in a circadian manner and modulates the expression of genes encoding cell wall-localized peroxidases.
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47
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Claeys H, De Bodt S, Inzé D. Gibberellins and DELLAs: central nodes in growth regulatory networks. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 19:231-9. [PMID: 24182663 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) are growth-promoting phytohormones that were crucial in breeding improved semi-dwarf varieties during the green revolution. However, the molecular basis for GA-induced growth stimulation is poorly understood. In this review, we use light-regulated hypocotyl elongation as a case study, combined with a meta-analysis of available transcriptome data, to discuss the role of GAs as central nodes in networks connecting environmental inputs to growth. These networks are highly tissue-specific, with dynamic and rapid regulation that mostly occurs at the protein level, directly affecting the activity and transcription of effectors. New systems biology approaches addressing the role of GAs in growth should take these properties into account, combining tissue-specific interactomics, transcriptomics and modeling, to provide essential knowledge to fuel a second green revolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Claeys
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefanie De Bodt
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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Lin SY, Chen PW, Chuang MH, Juntawong P, Bailey-Serres J, Jauh GY. Profiling of translatomes of in vivo-grown pollen tubes reveals genes with roles in micropylar guidance during pollination in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:602-18. [PMID: 24532595 PMCID: PMC3967028 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.121335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptome profiling has been used to identify genes expressed in pollen tubes elongating in vitro; however, little is known of the transcriptome of in vivo-grown pollen tubes due to the difficulty of collecting pollen that is elongating within the solid maternal gynoecium. Using a pollen-specific promoter (ProLAT52) to generate epitope-tagged polysomal-RNA complexes that could be affinity purified, we obtained mRNAs undergoing translation (the translatome) of in vivo-grown pollen tubes from self-pollinated gynoecia of Arabidopsis thaliana. Translatomes of pollen grains as well as in vivo- and in vitro-cultured pollen tubes were assayed by microarray analyses, revealing over 500 transcripts specifically enriched in in vivo-elongating pollen tubes. Functional analyses of several in vivo mutants (iv) of these pollination-enhanced transcripts revealed partial pollination/fertilization and seed formation defects in siliques (iv2, iv4, and iv6). Cytological observation confirmed the involvement of these genes in specialized processes including micropylar guidance (IV6 and IV4), pollen tube burst (IV2), and repulsion of multiple pollen tubes in embryo sac (IV2). In summary, the selective immunopurification of transcripts engaged with polysomes in pollen tubes within self-fertilized florets has identified a cohort of pollination-enriched transcripts that facilitated the identification of genes important in in vivo pollen tube biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yun Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wei Chen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiang Chuang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Piyada Juntawong
- Center for Plant Cell Biology and Department Botany and
Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Julia Bailey-Serres
- Center for Plant Cell Biology and Department Botany and
Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Guang-Yuh Jauh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan
International Graduate Program, National Chung-Hsing University–Academia
Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University,
Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Address correspondence to
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Wang Y, Jiao Y. Translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) for cell-specific translation profiling in developing flowers. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1110:323-8. [PMID: 24395267 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-9408-9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of a multicellular organism is accompanied by cell differentiation. In fact, many biological processes have cell specificity, such that distinct cell types respond differently to endogenous or environmental cues. To obtain cell-specific gene expression profiles, translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) has been developed to label polysomes containing translating mRNAs in genetically defined cell types. Here, we describe the immunopurification of epitope-labeled polysomes and associated RNAs from target cell types. TRAP has the additional advantage of obtaining only translating mRNAs, which are a better proxy to the proteome than a standard mRNA preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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50
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Translational dynamics revealed by genome-wide profiling of ribosome footprints in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 111:E203-12. [PMID: 24367078 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1317811111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Translational regulation contributes to plasticity in metabolism and growth that enables plants to survive in a dynamic environment. Here, we used the precise mapping of ribosome footprints (RFs) on mRNAs to investigate translational regulation under control and sublethal hypoxia stress conditions in seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana. Ribosomes were obtained by differential centrifugation or immunopurification and were digested with RNase I to generate footprint fragments that were deep-sequenced. Comparison of RF number and position on genic regions with fragmented total and polysomal mRNA illuminated numerous aspects of posttranscriptional and translational control under both growth conditions. When seedlings were oxygen-deprived, the frequency of ribosomes at the start codon was reduced, consistent with a global decline in initiation of translation. Hypoxia-up-regulated gene transcripts increased in polysome complexes during the stress, but the number of ribosomes per transcript relative to normoxic conditions was not enhanced. On the other hand, many mRNAs with limited change in steady-state abundance had significantly fewer ribosomes but with an overall similar distribution under hypoxia, consistent with restriction of initiation rather than elongation of translation. RF profiling also exposed the inhibitory effect of upstream ORFs on the translation of downstream protein-coding regions under normoxia, which was further modulated by hypoxia. The data document translation of alternatively spliced mRNAs and expose ribosome association with some noncoding RNAs. Altogether, we present an experimental approach that illuminates prevalent and nuanced regulation of protein synthesis under optimal and energy-limiting conditions.
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