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Tang L, Zhang Z, Sun L, Gao X, Zhao X, Chen X, Zhu X, Li A, Sun L. In Vivo Detection of Abscisic Acid in Tomato Leaves Based on a Disposable Stainless Steel Electrochemical Immunosensor. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39051566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important regulatory role in plants. It is very critical to obtain the dynamic changes of ABA in situ for botanical research. Herein, coupled with paper-based analysis devices, electrochemical immunoelectrodes based on disposable stainless steels sheet were developed for ABA detection in plants in situ. The stainless steel sheets were modified with carbon cement, ferrocene-graphene oxide-multi walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites, and ABA antibodies. The system can detect the ABA in the range of 1 nM to 100 μM, with a limit of detection of 100 pM. The ABA content in tomato leaves under high salinity was detected in situ. The trend of ABA changes was similar to the expression of SlNCED1 and SlNCED2. Overall, this study offers an approach for in situ detection of ABA in plants, which will help to study the regulation mechanism of ABA in plants and to promote the development of precision agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjuan Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
- Analysis and Testing Center, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Zhiyao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Ling Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Xu Gao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Xinyue Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Xinru Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Xingyu Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Aixue Li
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
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2
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Jia H, Xu Y, Deng Y, Xie Y, Gao Z, Lang Z, Niu Q. Key transcription factors regulate fruit ripening and metabolite accumulation in tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:2256-2273. [PMID: 38561990 PMCID: PMC11213253 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Fruit ripening is a complex process involving dynamic changes to metabolites and is controlled by multiple factors, including transcription factors (TFs). Several TFs are reportedly essential regulators of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit ripening. To evaluate the effects of specific TFs on metabolite accumulation during fruit ripening, we combined CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis with metabolome and transcriptome analyses to explore regulatory mechanisms. Specifically, we generated various genetically engineered tomato lines that differed regarding metabolite contents and fruit colors. The metabolite and transcript profiles indicated that the selected TFs have distinct functions that control fruit metabolite contents, especially carotenoids and sugars. Moreover, a mutation to ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) increased tomato fruit fructose and glucose contents by approximately 20% (relative to the wild-type levels). Our in vitro assay showed that HY5 can bind directly to the G-box cis-element in the Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET12c) promoter to activate expression, thereby modulating sugar transport. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms regulating tomato fruit ripening and metabolic networks, providing the theoretical basis for breeding horticultural crops that produce fruit with diverse flavors and colors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Jia
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yaping Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Advanced Academy, Anhui Agricultural University, Research Centre for Biological Breeding Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Yuanwei Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Advanced Academy, Anhui Agricultural University, Research Centre for Biological Breeding Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Yinhuan Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Advanced Academy, Anhui Agricultural University, Research Centre for Biological Breeding Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Zhongshan Gao
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058 Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaobo Lang
- Institute of Advanced Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qingfeng Niu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Advanced Academy, Anhui Agricultural University, Research Centre for Biological Breeding Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
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Sun Y, Yang X, Wu R, Lv S, Li Y, Jia H, Yang Y, Li B, Chen W, Allan AC, Jiang G, Shi YN, Chen K. DNA methylation controlling abscisic acid catabolism responds to light to mediate strawberry fruit ripening. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38896078 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Phytohormones, epigenetic regulation and environmental factors regulate fruit ripening but their interplay during strawberry fruit ripening remains to be determined. In this study, bagged strawberry fruit exhibited delayed ripening compared with fruit grown in normal light, correlating with reduced abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation. Transcription of the key ABA catabolism gene, ABA 8'-hydroxylase FaCYP707A4, was induced in bagged fruit. With light exclusion whole genome DNA methylation levels were up-regulated, corresponding to a delayed ripening process, while DNA methylation levels in the promoter of FaCYP707A4 were suppressed, correlating with increases in transcript and decreased ABA content. Experiments indicated FaCRY1, a blue light receptor repressed in bagged fruit and FaAGO4, a key protein involved in RNA-directed DNA methylation, could bind to the promoter of FaCYP707A4. The interaction between FaCRY1 and FaAGO4, and an increased enrichment of FaAGO4 directed to the FaCYP707A4 promoter in fruit grown under light suggests FaCRY1 may influence FaAGO4 to modulate the DNA methylation status of the FaCYP707A4 promoter. Furthermore, transient overexpression of FaCRY1, or an increase in FaCRY1 transcription by blue light treatment, increases the methylation level of the FaCYP707A4 promoter, while transient RNA interference of FaCRY1 displayed opposite phenotypes. These findings reveal a mechanism by which DNA methylation influences ABA catabolism, and participates in light-mediated strawberry ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfan Sun
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaofang Yang
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rongrong Wu
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shouzheng Lv
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yunduan Li
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Haoran Jia
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuying Yang
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Baijun Li
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenbo Chen
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Andrew C Allan
- New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Guihua Jiang
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan-Na Shi
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kunsong Chen
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Shu J, Zhang L, Liu G, Wang X, Liu F, Zhang Y, Chen Y. Transcriptome Analysis and Metabolic Profiling Reveal the Key Regulatory Pathways in Drought Stress Responses and Recovery in Tomatoes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2187. [PMID: 38396864 PMCID: PMC10889177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Drought stress is a major abiotic factor affecting tomato production and fruit quality. However, the genes and metabolites associated with tomato responses to water deficiency and rehydration are poorly characterized. To identify the functional genes and key metabolic pathways underlying tomato responses to drought stress and recovery, drought-susceptible and drought-tolerant inbred lines underwent transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. A total of 332 drought-responsive and 491 rehydration-responsive core genes were robustly differentially expressed in both genotypes. The drought-responsive and rehydration-responsive genes were mainly related to photosynthesis-antenna proteins, nitrogen metabolism, plant-pathogen interactions, and the MAPK signaling pathway. Various transcription factors, including homeobox-leucine zipper protein ATHB-12, NAC transcription factor 29, and heat stress transcription factor A-6b-like, may be vital for tomato responses to water status. Moreover, 24,30-dihydroxy-12(13)-enolupinol, caffeoyl hawthorn acid, adenosine 5'-monophosphate, and guanosine were the key metabolites identified in both genotypes under drought and recovery conditions. The combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis highlighted the importance of 38 genes involved in metabolic pathways, the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, the biosynthesis of amino acids, and ABC transporters for tomato responses to water stress. Our results provide valuable clues regarding the molecular basis of drought tolerance and rehydration. The data presented herein may be relevant for genetically improving tomatoes to enhance drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshuai Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing 100081, China; (X.W.); (F.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Lili Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (L.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Guiming Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (L.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing 100081, China; (X.W.); (F.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Fuzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing 100081, China; (X.W.); (F.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing 100081, China; (X.W.); (F.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yuhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing 100081, China; (X.W.); (F.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.)
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Li M, Zhu G, Liu Z, Li L, Wang S, Liu Y, Lu W, Zeng Y, Cheng X, Shen W. Hydrogen Fertilization with Hydrogen Nanobubble Water Improves Yield and Quality of Cherry Tomatoes Compared to the Conventional Fertilizers. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:443. [PMID: 38337976 PMCID: PMC10857181 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Although hydrogen gas (H2)-treated soil improves crop biomass, this approach appears difficult for field application due to the flammability of H2 gas. In this report, we investigated whether and how H2 applied in hydrogen nanobubble water (HNW) improves the yield and quality of cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme) with and without fertilizers. Two-year-long field trials showed that compared to corresponding controls, HNW without and with fertilizers improved the cherry tomato yield per plant by 39.7% and 26.5% in 2021 (Shanghai), respectively, and by 39.4% and 28.2% in 2023 (Nanjing), respectively. Compared to surface water (SW), HNW increased the soil available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) consumption regardless of fertilizer application, which may be attributed to the increased NPK transport-related genes in roots (LeAMT2, LePT2, LePT5, and SlHKT1,1). Furthermore, HNW-irrigated cherry tomatoes displayed a higher sugar-acid ratio (8.6%) and lycopene content (22.3%) than SW-irrigated plants without fertilizers. Importantly, the beneficial effects of HNW without fertilizers on the yield per plant (9.1%), sugar-acid ratio (31.1%), and volatiles (20.0%) and lycopene contents (54.3%) were stronger than those achieved using fertilizers alone. In short, this study clearly indicated that HNW-supplied H2 not only exhibited a fertilization effect on enhancing the tomato yield, but also improved the fruit's quality with a lower carbon footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.L.); (G.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.L.); (S.W.); (Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Guanjie Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.L.); (G.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.L.); (S.W.); (Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Ziyu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.L.); (G.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.L.); (S.W.); (Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Longna Li
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.L.); (G.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.L.); (S.W.); (Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Shu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.L.); (G.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.L.); (S.W.); (Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Yuhao Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.L.); (G.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.L.); (S.W.); (Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Wei Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.L.); (G.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.L.); (S.W.); (Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Yan Zeng
- Life Science Group, Air Liquide (China) R&D Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201108, China; (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Xu Cheng
- Life Science Group, Air Liquide (China) R&D Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201108, China; (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.L.); (G.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.L.); (S.W.); (Y.L.); (W.L.)
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Wu M, Liu K, Li H, Li Y, Zhu Y, Su D, Zhang Y, Deng H, Wang Y, Liu M. Gibberellins involved in fruit ripening and softening by mediating multiple hormonal signals in tomato. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhad275. [PMID: 38344652 PMCID: PMC10857933 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The phytohormone ethylene is well known for its important role in the ripening of climacteric fruit, such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). However, the role and mode of action of other plant hormones in climacteric fruit ripening regulation are not fully understood. Here, we showed that exogenous GA treatment or increasing endogenous gibberellin content by overexpressing the gibberellin synthesis gene SlGA3ox2 specifically in fruit tissues delayed tomato fruit ripening, whereas treatment with the GA biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol (PAC) accelerated fruit ripening. Moreover, exogenous ethylene treatment cannot completely reverse the delayed fruit ripening phenotype. Furthermore, exogenous GA treatment of ethylene signalling mutant Never ripe (Nr) or SlEBF3-overexpressing lines still delayed fruit ripening, suggesting that GA involved in fruit ripening partially depends on ethylene. Transcriptome profiling showed that gibberellin affect the ripening of fruits by modulating the metabolism and signal transduction of multiple plant hormones, such as auxin and abscisic acid, in addition to ethylene. Overall, the results of this study provide new insight into the regulation of gibberellin in fruit ripening through mediating multiple hormone signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengbo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Kaidong Liu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, China
| | - Honghai Li
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Su
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaoxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Heng Deng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yikui Wang
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Mingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
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Li X, Zhang D, Pan X, Kakar KU, Nawaz Z. Regulation of carotenoid metabolism and ABA biosynthesis during blueberry fruit ripening. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108232. [PMID: 38091932 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Carotenoids and their derivates play critical physiologic roles in plants. However, these substrates and their metabolism have not been elucidated in fruit of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum). In this study, carotenoids and ABA were investigated by LC-MS and their biosynthesis were subject to proteomic analysis during fruit ripening. Activity of CCD1 and NCED1/3 were studied in vivo or in vitro. Also, effects of ethephon and 1-MCP on biosynthesis of carotenoid and ABA were investigated through the expression of corresponding genes using qPCR. As a result, carotenoid biosynthesis was prominently mitigated whereas its metabolism was enhanced during fruit ripening, which resulted in a decrease in the carotenoids. VcCCD1 could both cleave β-carotene, zeaxanthin and lutein at positions of 9, 10 (9', 10'), which was mainly responsible for the degradation of these carotenoids. Interestingly, in the situation of mitigation of carotenoid biosynthesis, ABA still rapidly accumulated, which was mainly attributed to the upregulated expression of VcNCED1/3. Notably, VcNCED1/3 also showed a cleavage activity of all-trans-zeaxanthin and a stereospecific cleavage activity of 9-cis-carotene to generate C15-carotenal. The C15-carotenal could be potentially converted to ABA through ZEP-independent ABA biosynthetic pathway during blueberry fruit ripening. Similar to a nature natural maturation, ethylene accelerated the carotenoid degradation and ABA biosynthesis trough downregulating the expression of genes in carotenoid biosynthesis and upregulating the expression of genes in ABA biosynthesis. These information help understand the regulation of carotenoids and ABA, and effects of ethylene on the regulation during blueberry fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobai Li
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China
| | - Xuhao Pan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
| | - Kaleem Ullah Kakar
- Baluchistan University of Information Technology and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Zarqa Nawaz
- Baluchistan University of Information Technology and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
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Tantisuwanichkul K, Sirikantaramas S. Genome-wide analysis of carotenoid cleavage oxygenases and identification of ripening-associated DzNCED5a in durian (Durio zibethinus) fruit. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108253. [PMID: 38086212 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Durian (Durio zibethinus L.), popularly known as the "King of fruits," holds significant economic importance in Southeast Asia, including Thailand. During its ripening process, the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) content has been reported to increase. However, a comprehensive understanding of ABA's specific role in durian fruit ripening remains elusive. Furthermore, little is known about the molecular aspects of the carotenoid cleavage pathway in this iconic fruit. Therefore, we performed genome-wide identification of the carotenoid cleavage oxygenase (CCO) family in durian. This family includes the nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenases (NCEDs) responsible for ABA production and the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases exhibiting diverse substrate specificities. Through phylogenetic analysis, we classified 14 CCOs in durian into 8 distinct subfamilies. Notably, each DzCCO subfamily displayed a conserved motif composition. Cis-acting element prediction showed that cis-elements related to plant hormones and environmental stress responses were distributed in the DzCCO promoter. In addition, transcriptome analysis was performed to examine the expression pattern during the fruit development and ripening stages. Interestingly, DzNCED5a, a ripening-associated gene, exhibited the highest expression level at the ripe stage, outperforming other CCOs. Its expression markedly correlated with increased ABA contents during the ripening stages of both the "Monthong" variety and other durian cultivars. Transiently expressed DzNCED5a in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves confirmed its function in ABA biosynthesis. These findings highlight the involvement of DzNCED5a in ABA production and its potential importance in durian fruit ripening. Overall, this study provides insights into the significance of CCOs in durian fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittiya Tantisuwanichkul
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Crop, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supaart Sirikantaramas
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Crop, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Omics Sciences and Bioinformatics Center, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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9
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Mellidou I, Koukounaras A, Frusciante S, Rambla JL, Patelou E, Ntoanidou S, Pons C, Kostas S, Nikoloudis K, Granell A, Diretto G, Kanellis AK. A metabolome and transcriptome survey to tap the dynamics of fruit prolonged shelf-life and improved quality within Greek tomato germplasm. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1267340. [PMID: 37818313 PMCID: PMC10560995 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1267340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Tomato is a high economic value crop worldwide with recognized nutritional properties and diverse postharvest potential. Nowadays, there is an emerging awareness about the exploitation and utilization of underutilized traditional germplasm in modern breeding programs. In this context, the existing diversity among Greek accessions in terms of their postharvest life and nutritional value remains largely unexplored. Methods Herein, a detailed evaluation of 130 tomato Greek accessions for postharvest and nutritional characteristics was performed, using metabolomics and transcriptomics, leading to the selection of accessions with these interesting traits. Results The results showed remarkable differences among tomato Greek accessions for overall ripening parameters (color, firmness) and weight loss. On the basis of their postharvest performance, a balance between short shelf life (SSL) and long shelf life (LSL) accessions was revealed. Metabolome analysis performed on 14 selected accessions with contrasting shelf-life potential identified a total of 206 phytonutrients and volatile compounds. In turn, transcriptome analysis in fruits from the best SSL and the best LSL accessions revealed remarkable differences in the expression profiles of transcripts involved in key metabolic pathways related to fruit quality and postharvest potential. Discussion The pathways towards cell wall synthesis, polyamine synthesis, ABA catabolism, and steroidal alkaloids synthesis were mostly induced in the LSL accession, whereas those related to ethylene biosynthesis, cell wall degradation, isoprenoids, phenylpropanoids, ascorbic acid and aroma (TomloxC) were stimulated in the SSL accession. Overall, these data would provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanism towards enhancing shelf-life and improving flavor and aroma of modern tomato cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifigeneia Mellidou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization – DEMETER, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios Koukounaras
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sarah Frusciante
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Biotechnology Laboratory, Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
| | - José L. Rambla
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Efstathia Patelou
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Symela Ntoanidou
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Clara Pons
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Stefanos Kostas
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Antonio Granell
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Biotechnology Laboratory, Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelos K. Kanellis
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Wang X, Jin B, Yan W, Wang J, Xu J, Cai C, Qi X, Xu Q, Yang X, Xu X, Chen X. Cucumber abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase Csyf2 regulates yellow flesh by modulating carotenoid biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1001-1015. [PMID: 37394925 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) flesh is typically colorless or pale green. Flesh with yellow or orange pigment, determined mainly by carotenoid content and composition, is mostly found in semi-wild Xishuangbanna cucumber, which has a very narrow genetic background. Here, we identified a spontaneous cucumber mutant with yellow flesh (yf-343), which accumulated more β-cryptoxanthin and less lutein than regular cultivated European glasshouse-type cucumbers. Genetic analysis revealed that the yellow flesh phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene. Through fine mapping and gene sequencing, we identified the candidate gene C. sativus yellow flesh 2 (Csyf2), encoding an abscisic acid (ABA) 8'-hydroxylase. Overexpression and RNAi-silencing of Csyf2 in cucumber hairy roots produced lower and higher ABA contents than in non-transgenic controls, respectively. Further, RNA-seq analysis suggested that genes related to ABA signal transduction were differentially expressed in fruit flesh between yf-343 and its wild type, BY, with white flesh. The carotenoid biosynthesis pathway was specifically enriched in fruit flesh at 30 days after pollination when yf-343 fruit flesh turns yellow. Our findings highlight a promising target for gene editing to increase carotenoid content, expanding our genetic resources for pigmented cucumber flesh breeding for improving the nutritional quality of cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Wang
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Boyan Jin
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wenjing Yan
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiaxi Wang
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Congxi Cai
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaohua Qi
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xuewen Xu
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xuehao Chen
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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11
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Sacco Botto C, Matić S, Moine A, Chitarra W, Nerva L, D’Errico C, Pagliarani C, Noris E. Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Sardinia Virus Increases Drought Tolerance of Tomato. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032893. [PMID: 36769211 PMCID: PMC9918285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the major physiological stress factors that adversely affect agricultural production, altering critical features of plant growth and metabolism. Plants can be subjected simultaneously to abiotic and biotic stresses, such as drought and viral infections. Rewarding effects provided by viruses on the ability of host plants to endure abiotic stresses have been reported. Recently, begomoviruses causing the tomato yellow leaf curl disease in tomatoes were shown to increase heat and drought tolerance. However, biological bases underlying the induced drought tolerance need further elucidation, particularly in the case of tomato plants. In this work, tomato plants infected by the tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV) were subjected to severe drought stress, followed by recovery. Morphological traits, water potential, and hormone contents were measured in leaves together with molecular analysis of stress-responsive and hormone metabolism-related genes. Wilting symptoms appeared three days later in TYLCSV-infected plants compared to healthy controls and post-rehydration recovery was faster (2 vs. 4 days, respectively). Our study contributes new insights into the impact of viruses on the plant's adaptability to environmental stresses. On a broader perspective, such information could have important practical implications for managing the effects of climate change on agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Sacco Botto
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Turin, Italy
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Science DISAFA, Turin University, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Slavica Matić
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Amedeo Moine
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Walter Chitarra
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Turin, Italy
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics Centre of Viticultural and Enology Research (CREA-VE), Viale XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano, Italy
| | - Luca Nerva
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Turin, Italy
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics Centre of Viticultural and Enology Research (CREA-VE), Viale XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano, Italy
| | - Chiara D’Errico
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Pagliarani
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (E.N.); Tel.: +39-01139771 (C.P. & E.N.)
| | - Emanuela Noris
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (E.N.); Tel.: +39-01139771 (C.P. & E.N.)
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How Changes in ABA Accumulation and Signaling Influence Tomato Drought Responses and Reproductive Development. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/ijpb14010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Water deficit conditions trigger the production of a chemical signal, the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), which coordinates multiple responses at different temporal and spatial scales. Despite the complexity of natural drought conditions, the modulation of ABA signaling could be harnessed to ameliorate the drought performances of crops in the face of increasingly challenging climate conditions. Based on recent studies, increasing ABA sensitivity can lead to genotypes with improved drought resistance traits, with sustained biomass production in water-limiting environments and little or no costs with respect to biomass production under optimal conditions. However, variations in ABA production and sensitivity lead to changes in various aspects of reproductive development, including flowering time. Here we provide an updated summary of the literature on ABA-related genes in tomato and discuss how their manipulation can impact water-deficit-related responses and/or other developmental traits. We suggest that a better understanding of specific ABA components’ function or their expression may offer novel tools to specifically engineer drought resistance without affecting developmental traits.
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13
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Zheng M, Deng Y, Zhou Y, Liu R, Liu Y, Wang H, Zhu W, Zhou Z, Diao J. Multifaceted effects of difenoconazole in tomato fruit ripening: Physiology, flavour and nutritional quality. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:223-235. [PMID: 36434985 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Difenoconazole is widely used in crop growth, however, its effects on the quality of agricultural products are poorly studied. In this study, the application of difenoconazole on tomato plants could increase soluble sugar content, reduce organic acid and raise accumulation of nutrient-related metabolites during late fruit ripening. Consumer surveys in our study showed that the treatment of difenoconazole tomatoes group had higher sweetness and lower acidity, and those tomatoes were preferred by consumers. Alterations in fruit flavor-related attributes were at least in part corroborated by the abundance of transcripts related to sucrose (SlLin5, SlLin7, SlSuS2, SlSuS6, SlSPS1, SlSPS3) and organic acids (CS, ICDH, cMDH) anabolism. Furthermore, the difenoconazole also significantly promoted the expression of phytohormones synthesis genes, and consequently increased abscisic acid and ethylene levels. Our study not only provides theoretical support for the use of difenoconazole on tomatoes at the level of flavor quality and nutritional health, but also provides valuable information on the mechanism of triazole fungicides in the flavor quality of tomato fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Zheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yue Deng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yihui Zhou
- Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuping Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China.
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14
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Song H, Liu J, Chen C, Zhang Y, Tang W, Yang W, Chen H, Li M, Jiang G, Sun S, Li J, Tu M, Wang L, Xu Z, Gong R, Chen D. Down-regulation of NCED leads to the accumulation of carotenoids in the flesh of F 1 generation of peach hybrid. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1055779. [PMID: 36407629 PMCID: PMC9669654 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1055779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flesh color is an important target trait in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] breeding. In this study, two white-fleshed peach cultivars were crossed [Changsong Whitepeach (WP-1) × 'Xiacui'], and their hybrid F1 generation showed color segregation of white flesh (BF1) and yellow flesh (HF1). Metabolome analysis revealed that the flesh color segregation in the hybrid F1 generation was related to the carotenoid content. The decrease in β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin in BF1 flesh and increase in β-cryptoxanthin oleate, rubixanthin caprate, rubixanthin laurate and zeaxanthin dipalmitate in HF1 flesh contributed to their difference in carotenoid accumulation. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that compared with BF1, HF1 showed significant up-regulation and down-regulation of ZEP and CCD8 at the core-hardening stage, respectively, while significant down-regulation of NCED in the whole fruit development stage. The down-regulation of NCED might inhibit the breakdown of the violaxanthin and its upstream substances and further promote the accumulation of carotenoids, resulting in yellow flesh. Therefore, NCED may be a key gene controlling the fruit color traits of peach. In this study, targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics were used to jointly explore the mechanism controlling the fruit color of peach, which may help to identify the key genes for the differences in carotenoid accumulation and provide a reference for the breeding of yellow-fleshed peach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Song
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Junhong Liu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaoqun Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjing Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenlong Yang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongxu Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoliang Jiang
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuxia Sun
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiyan Tu
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingli Wang
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Zihong Xu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Ronggao Gong
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
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15
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Wang XR, Wang YH, Jia M, Zhang RR, Liu H, Xu ZS, Xiong AS. The phytochrome-interacting factor DcPIF3 of carrot plays a positive role in drought stress by increasing endogenous ABA level in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 322:111367. [PMID: 35788027 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The phytochrome-interacting factor (PIF) subfamily of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors plays a critical role in plant growth and development. However, there has been no detailed report on the PIFs in carrot. In this study, we present the identification and characterization of DcPIF gene family in carrot (Daucus carota L.). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that PIFs from carrot and other five plant species could be divided into four groups supported by similar gene structure and motif analysis. Expression profiles showed that all DcPIF genes were tissue-specific and could be induced by drought or abscisic acid (ABA) treatment except DcPIF7.1, among which DcPIF3 was the most responsive. The DcPIF3-overexpressed Arabidopsis plants exhibited more tolerance to drought stress, with higher antioxidant capacity and lower malondialdehyde content after drought treatment than wild type plants. Further stress tolerance assays revealed that DcPIF3 plays a positive role in drought stress by increasing endogenous ABA level and promoting the expression of ABA-related genes. Our results can enrich the understanding of DcPIF family genes and lay a foundation for further investigation of DcPIF3 function to defend against drought stress in carrot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Min Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Rong-Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
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Si Y, Lv T, Li H, Liu J, Sun J, Mu Z, Qiao J, Bu H, Yuan H, Wang A. The molecular mechanism on suppression of climacteric fruit ripening with postharvest wax coating treatment via transcriptome. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:978013. [PMID: 36046594 PMCID: PMC9421051 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.978013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wax coating is an important means to maintain fruit quality and extend fruit shelf life, especially for climacteric fruits, such as apples (Malus domestica). Here, we found that wax coating could inhibit ethylene production, chlorophyll degradation, and carotenoid synthesis, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. The regulatory mechanism of wax coating on apple fruit ripening was determined by subjecting wax-treated apple fruits to transcriptome analysis. RNA-seq revealed that 1,137 and 1,398 genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were shown to be related to plant hormones, such as ethylene, auxin, abscisic acid, and gibberellin, as well as genes involved in chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid biosynthesis. Moreover, we found that some genes related to the wax synthesis process also showed differential expression after the wax coating treatment. Among the DEGs obtained from RNA-seq analysis, 15 were validated by quantitative RT-PCR, confirming the results from RNA-seq analysis. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR of pear (Pyrus ussuriensis) showed similar changes after wax treatment. Our data suggest that wax coating treatment inhibits fruit ripening through ethylene synthesis and signal transduction, chlorophyll metabolism, and carotenoid synthesis pathways and that waxing inhibits endogenous wax production. These results provide new insights into the inhibition of fruit ripening by wax coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Si
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology (Liaoning Province), Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianxing Lv
- Liaoning Institute of Pomology, Xiongyue, China
| | - Hongjian Li
- Liaoning Institute of Pomology, Xiongyue, China
| | - Jiaojiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology (Liaoning Province), Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiamao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology (Liaoning Province), Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhaohui Mu
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology (Liaoning Province), Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junling Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology (Liaoning Province), Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haidong Bu
- Mudanjiang Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology (Liaoning Province), Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Aide Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology (Liaoning Province), Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Actinomucor elegans and Podospora bulbillosa Positively Improves Endurance to Water Deficit and Salinity Stresses in Tomato Plants. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8080785. [PMID: 36012774 PMCID: PMC9409863 DOI: 10.3390/jof8080785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal strains isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy Solanum lycopersicum were examined to mitigate symptoms of drought and salinity stresses. The fungal strains were identified as Actinomucor elegans and Podospora bulbillosa based on their DNA sequencing and morphological analysis. Additionally, the fungal strains were assayed for a number of plant growth promoting traits and abiotic stresses on solid media. Moreover, a greenhouse experiment was conducted and tomato seedlings were treated with 25% PEG or 1.5% NaCl for 12 days, and the impact of plant growth promoting fungi (PGPF) on tomato seedling performance under these conditions was examined. PGPF application raised the survival of the stressed tomato plants, which was evidenced by higher physiological and biochemical processes. The PGPF-inoculated plants exhibited higher chlorophyll, carotenoid, protein, amino acid, antioxidant activities, salicylic acid, glucose, fructose, and sucrose contents, and showed lower hydrogen peroxide, and lipid metabolism relative to control plants under stress. Analysis using gene expression showed enhanced expression of SlF3H gene and reduced expression of SlNCED1, SlDEAD31, SlbZIP38, and SlGRAS10 genes following PGPFs application. Overall, the outcomes of this study elucidate the function of these fungal strains and present candidates with potential implementation as biofertilizers and in promoting plant stress endurance.
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Gupta A, Upadhyay RK, Prabhakar R, Tiwari N, Garg R, Sane VA, Sane AP. SlDREB3, a negative regulator of ABA responses, controls seed germination, fruit size and the onset of ripening in tomato. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 319:111249. [PMID: 35487658 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
SlDREB3 was identified as a ripening up-regulated gene of the AP2/ERF-domain family of transcription factors. Its manipulation affects processes primarily governed by ABA. It negatively regulates ABA responses in tomato by altering ABA levels/signaling and is, in turn, negatively regulated by ABA. SlDREB3 over-expression lines show higher transcript levels of the ABA metabolism genes CYP707A3 and UGT75C1 and an 85% reduction in ABA levels leading to early seed germination. In contrast, suppression lines show decreased CYP707A3/UGT75C1 expression, 3-fold higher ABA levels and delayed germination. The expression of other ABA signaling and response genes is also affected. Suppression of SlDREB3 accelerates the onset of ripening by 4-5 days while its over-expression delays it and also reduces final fruit size. SlDREB3 manipulation effects large scale changes in the fruit transcriptome with suppression lines showing early increase in ABA levels and activation of most ripening pathway genes that govern ethylene, carotenoids and softening. Strikingly, key transcription factors like CNR, NOR, RIN, FUL1, governing ethylene-dependent and ethylene-independent aspects of ripening, are activated early upon SlDREB3 suppression suggesting their control by ABA. The studies identify SlDREB3 as a negative regulator of ABA responses across tissues and a key ripening regulator controlling ethylene-dependent and ethylene-independent aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Gupta
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rakesh K Upadhyay
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow 226001, India; Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA; Deparment of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Rakhi Prabhakar
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow 226001, India; Department of Biotechnology, Bundelkhand University Jhansi, 284128, India
| | - Neerja Tiwari
- Phytochemistry Divisional Unit, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Rashmi Garg
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vidhu A Sane
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Aniruddha P Sane
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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MacIntyre AM, Meline V, Gorman Z, Augustine SP, Dye CJ, Hamilton CD, Iyer-Pascuzzi AS, Kolomiets MV, McCulloh KA, Allen C. Trehalose increases tomato drought tolerance, induces defenses, and increases resistance to bacterial wilt disease. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266254. [PMID: 35476629 PMCID: PMC9045674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum causes bacterial wilt disease, leading to severe crop losses. Xylem sap from R. solanacearum-infected tomato is enriched in the disaccharide trehalose. Water-stressed plants also accumulate trehalose, which increases drought tolerance via abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Because R. solanacearum-infected plants suffer reduced water flow, we hypothesized that bacterial wilt physiologically mimics drought stress, which trehalose could mitigate. We found that R. solanacearum-infected plants differentially expressed drought-associated genes, including those involved in ABA and trehalose metabolism, and had more ABA in xylem sap. Consistent with this, treating tomato roots with ABA reduced both stomatal conductance and stem colonization by R. solanacearum. Treating roots with trehalose increased xylem sap ABA and reduced plant water use by lowering stomatal conductance and temporarily improving water use efficiency. Trehalose treatment also upregulated expression of salicylic acid (SA)-dependent tomato defense genes; increased xylem sap levels of SA and other antimicrobial compounds; and increased bacterial wilt resistance of SA-insensitive NahG tomato plants. Additionally, trehalose treatment increased xylem concentrations of jasmonic acid and related oxylipins. Finally, trehalose-treated plants were substantially more resistant to bacterial wilt disease. Together, these data show that exogenous trehalose reduced both water stress and bacterial wilt disease and triggered systemic disease resistance, possibly through a Damage Associated Molecular Pattern (DAMP) response pathway. This suite of responses revealed unexpected linkages between plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress and suggested that R. solanacearum-infected plants increase trehalose to improve water use efficiency and increase wilt disease resistance. The pathogen may degrade trehalose to counter these efforts. Together, these results suggest that treating tomatoes with exogenous trehalose could be a practical strategy for bacterial wilt management.
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Affiliation(s)
- April M. MacIntyre
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Valerian Meline
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Zachary Gorman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Steven P. Augustine
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Carolyn J. Dye
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Corri D. Hamilton
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Anjali S. Iyer-Pascuzzi
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Michael V. Kolomiets
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Katherine A. McCulloh
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Caitilyn Allen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Khatri P, Wally O, Rajcan I, Dhaubhadel S. Comprehensive Analysis of Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases Reveals Insight Into Their Role in Partial Resistance Against Phytophthora sojae in Soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:862314. [PMID: 35498648 PMCID: PMC9048032 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.862314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450) participate in the catalytic conversion of biological compounds in a plethora of metabolic pathways, such as the biosynthesis of alkaloids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, and hormones in plants. Plants utilize these metabolites for growth and defense against biotic and abiotic stress. In this study, we identified 346 P450 (GmP450) enzymes encoded by 317 genes in soybean where 26 GmP450 genes produced splice variants. The genome-wide comparison of both A-type and non-A-type GmP450s for their motifs composition, gene structure, tissue-specific expression, and their chromosomal distribution were determined. Even though conserved P450 signature motifs were found in all GmP450 families, larger variation within a specific motif was observed in the non-A-type GmP450s as compared with the A-type. Here, we report that the length of variable region between two conserved motifs is exact in the members of the same family in majority of the A-type GmP450. Analyses of the transcriptomic datasets from soybean-Phytophthora sojae interaction studies, quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with P. sojae resistance, and co-expression analysis identified some GmP450s that may be, in part, play an important role in partial resistance against P. sojae. The findings of our CYPome study provides novel insights into the functions of GmP450s and their involvements in metabolic pathways in soybean. Further experiments will elucidate their roles in general and legume-specific function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Khatri
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Owen Wally
- Harrow Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Istvan Rajcan
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Sangeeta Dhaubhadel
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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21
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Wang D, Seymour GB. Molecular and biochemical basis of softening in tomato. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2022; 2:5. [PMID: 37789493 PMCID: PMC10515243 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-022-00026-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
We review the latest information related to the control of fruit softening in tomato and where relevant compare the events with texture changes in other fleshy fruits. Development of an acceptable texture is essential for consumer acceptance, but also determines the postharvest life of fruits. The complex modern supply chain demands effective control of shelf life in tomato without compromising colour and flavour.The control of softening and ripening in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) are discussed with respect to hormonal cues, epigenetic regulation and transcriptional modulation of cell wall structure-related genes. In the last section we focus on the biochemical changes closely linked with softening in tomato including key aspects of cell wall disassembly. Some important elements of the softening process have been identified, but our understanding of the mechanistic basis of the process in tomato and other fruits remains incomplete, especially the precise relationship between changes in cell wall structure and alterations in fruit texture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoduo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Graham B Seymour
- Divison of Plant and Crop Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, Leics, LE12 5RD, UK.
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22
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Nunes da Silva M, Carvalho SMP, Rodrigues AM, Gómez-Cadenas A, António C, Vasconcelos MW. Defence-related pathways, phytohormones and primary metabolism are key players in kiwifruit plant tolerance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:528-541. [PMID: 34773419 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The reasons underlying the differential tolerance of Actinidia spp. to the pandemic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) have not yet been elucidated. We hypothesized that differential plant-defence strategies linked to transcriptome regulation, phytohormones and primary metabolism might be key and that Actinidia chinensis susceptibility results from an inefficient activation of defensive mechanisms and metabolic impairments shortly following infection. Here, 48 h postinoculation bacterial density was 10-fold higher in A. chinensis var. deliciosa than in Actinidia arguta, accompanied by significant increases in glutamine, ornithine, jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) (up to 3.2-fold). Actinidia arguta showed decreased abscisic acid (ABA) (0.7-fold), no changes in primary metabolites, and 20 defence-related genes that were only differentially expressed in this species. These include GLOX1, FOX1, SN2 and RBOHA, which may contribute to its higher tolerance. Results suggest that A. chinensis' higher susceptibility to Psa is due to an inefficient activation of plant defences, with the involvement of ABA, JA and SA, leading to impairments in primary metabolism, particularly the ammonia assimilation cycle. A schematic overview on the interaction between Psa and genotypes with distinct tolerance is provided, highlighting the key transcriptomic and metabolomic aspects contributing to the different plant phenotypes after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Nunes da Silva
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina (CBQF), Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre/Inov4Agro, DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Susana M P Carvalho
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre/Inov4Agro, DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Ana M Rodrigues
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Carla António
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Marta W Vasconcelos
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina (CBQF), Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
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23
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Paudel L, Kerr S, Prentis P, Tanurdžić M, Papanicolaou A, Plett JM, Cazzonelli CI. Horticultural innovation by viral-induced gene regulation of carotenogenesis. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab008. [PMID: 35043183 PMCID: PMC8769041 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multipartite viral vectors provide a simple, inexpensive and effective biotechnological tool to transiently manipulate (i.e. reduce or increase) gene expression in planta and characterise the function of genetic traits. The development of virus-induced gene regulation (VIGR) systems usually involve the targeted silencing or overexpression of genes involved in pigment biosynthesis or degradation in plastids, thereby providing rapid visual assessment of success in establishing RNA- or DNA-based VIGR systems in planta. Carotenoids pigments provide plant tissues with an array of yellow, orange, and pinkish-red colours. VIGR-induced transient manipulation of carotenoid-related gene expression has advanced our understanding of carotenoid biosynthesis, regulation, accumulation and degradation, as well as plastid signalling processes. In this review, we describe mechanisms of VIGR, the importance of carotenoids as visual markers of technology development, and knowledge gained through manipulating carotenogenesis in model plants as well as horticultural crops not always amenable to transgenic approaches. We outline how VIGR can be utilised in plants to fast-track the characterisation of gene function(s), accelerate fruit tree breeding programs, edit genomes, and biofortify plant products enriched in carotenoid micronutrients for horticultural innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucky Paudel
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Stephanie Kerr
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy (CAB), Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science,
Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Peter Prentis
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy (CAB), Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science,
Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Miloš Tanurdžić
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alexie Papanicolaou
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Plett
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Christopher I Cazzonelli
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
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24
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Gupta K, Wani SH, Razzaq A, Skalicky M, Samantara K, Gupta S, Pandita D, Goel S, Grewal S, Hejnak V, Shiv A, El-Sabrout AM, Elansary HO, Alaklabi A, Brestic M. Abscisic Acid: Role in Fruit Development and Ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:817500. [PMID: 35620694 PMCID: PMC9127668 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.817500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant growth regulator known for its functions, especially in seed maturation, seed dormancy, adaptive responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, and leaf and bud abscission. ABA activity is governed by multiple regulatory pathways that control ABA biosynthesis, signal transduction, and transport. The transport of the ABA signaling molecule occurs from the shoot (site of synthesis) to the fruit (site of action), where ABA receptors decode information as fruit maturation begins and is significantly promoted. The maximum amount of ABA is exported by the phloem from developing fruits during seed formation and initiation of fruit expansion. In the later stages of fruit ripening, ABA export from the phloem decreases significantly, leading to an accumulation of ABA in ripening fruit. Fruit growth, ripening, and senescence are under the control of ABA, and the mechanisms governing these processes are still unfolding. During the fruit ripening phase, interactions between ABA and ethylene are found in both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. It is clear that ABA regulates ethylene biosynthesis and signaling during fruit ripening, but the molecular mechanism controlling the interaction between ABA and ethylene has not yet been discovered. The effects of ABA and ethylene on fruit ripening are synergistic, and the interaction of ABA with other plant hormones is an essential determinant of fruit growth and ripening. Reaction and biosynthetic mechanisms, signal transduction, and recognition of ABA receptors in fruits need to be elucidated by a more thorough study to understand the role of ABA in fruit ripening. Genetic modifications of ABA signaling can be used in commercial applications to increase fruit yield and quality. This review discusses the mechanism of ABA biosynthesis, its translocation, and signaling pathways, as well as the recent findings on ABA function in fruit development and ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddharth University, Kapilvastu, India
| | - Shabir H. Wani
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Khudwani, India
- *Correspondence: Shabir H. Wani,
| | - Ali Razzaq
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Milan Skalicky,
| | - Kajal Samantara
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, India
| | - Shubhra Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Deepu Pandita
- Government Department of School Education, Jammu, India
| | - Sonia Goel
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, SGT University, Haryana, India
| | - Sapna Grewal
- Bio and Nanotechnology Department, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana
| | - Vaclav Hejnak
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Aalok Shiv
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Ahmed M. El-Sabrout
- Department of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture, and Garden Design Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Alaklabi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Institut of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
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25
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Liang Y, Ma F, Li B, Guo C, Hu T, Zhang M, Liang Y, Zhu J, Zhan X. A bHLH transcription factor, SlbHLH96, promotes drought tolerance in tomato. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac198. [PMID: 36467272 PMCID: PMC9714257 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress caused by water deficit reduces plant productivity in many regions of the world. In plants, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors regulate a wide range of cellular activities related to growth, development and stress response; however, the role of tomato SlbHLHs in drought stress responses remains elusive. Here, we used reverse genetics approaches to reveal the function of SlbHLH96, which is induced by drought and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. We found that SlbHLH96 functions as a positive regulator of drought tolerance in tomato. Overexpression of SlbHLH96 in tomato improves drought tolerance by stimulating the expression of genes encoding antioxidants, ABA signaling molecules and stress-related proteins. In contrast, silencing of SlbHLH96 in tomato reduces drought tolerance. SlbHLH96 physically interacts with an ethylene-responsive factor, SlERF4, and silencing of SlERF4 in tomato also decreases drought tolerance. Furthermore, SlbHLH96 can repress the expression of the ABA catabolic gene, SlCYP707A2, through direct binding to its promoter. Our results uncover a novel mechanism of SlbHLH96-mediated drought tolerance in tomato plants, which can be exploited for breeding drought-resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Boyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Cong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Tixu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Mingke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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26
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Wang J, Xu Y, Zhang W, Zheng Y, Yuan B, Li Q, Leng P. Tomato SlPP2C5 Is Involved in the Regulation of Fruit Development and Ripening. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1760-1769. [PMID: 34428298 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates plant development mainly through its signaling, in which ABA binds to receptors to inhibit type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs). The exact roles of PP2Cs in fruit development are still unclear. In this work, we verify that tomato SlPP2C5 works as a negative regulator in ABA signaling during fruit development. SlPP2C5 was inhibited by both monomeric and dimeric ABA receptors SlPYLs through ABA dose-dependent way, and it interacted physically with SlPYLs and SlSnRK2s. SlPP2C5 was highly expressed in fruits induced by exogenous ABA. Plants with overexpressed SlPP2C5 had lower sensitivity to ABA, which showed faster seed germination and primary root growth compared to Wild type (WT), while SlPP2C5-suppressed plants were more sensitive to ABA. SlPP2C5-over-expression (OE) delayed fruit ripening onset, while SlPP2C5-RNAi advanced fruit ripening. Alteration of SlPP2C5 expression impacts fruit quality parameters as well, including pericarp thickness, fruit shape index, seed number and weight and the soluble solid content. RNA-seq analysis revealed that there were significant expression differences of genes related to ethylene release and lycopene synthesis between WT and both SlPP2C5-OE and SlPP2C5-RNAi lines with an inversed variation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that SlPP2C5 plays an important role in the regulation of fruit development, ripening and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yandan Xu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yu Zheng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Bing Yuan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Ping Leng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
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Wang P, Lu S, Zhang X, Hyden B, Qin L, Liu L, Bai Y, Han Y, Wen Z, Xu J, Cao H, Chen H. Double NCED isozymes control ABA biosynthesis for ripening and senescent regulation in peach fruits. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 304:110739. [PMID: 33568291 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
During ripening, peach fruits (Prunus persica L. Batsch) rapidly progress to the senescent stage, resulting in a brief shelf life. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in regulating the ripening process, both in climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. A key enzyme for ABA biosynthesis in higher plants is 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED). In this study, two NCED isozymes, PpNCED1 and PpNCED5, were identified in peach fruits. While both NCED genes had similar transcriptional patterns (up-regulation) at the beginning of peach ripening, PpNCED5 showed a consistently lower expression level than PpNCED1. During the post-harvest stage, gene expression of PpNCED1 declined, while PpNCED5 expression increased relative to PpNCED1 expression. Considering the dynamic process of ABA accumulation during fruit ripening and senescence in peach, this study indicates that both NCED genes cooperatively control ABA biosynthesis in peach fruits. Moreover, spatio-temporal expression and transcriptional response to hormone and abiotic stress suggested that there is functional divergence between PpNCED1 and PpNCED5 genes in peach. A carotenoid-rich callus system was used to verify the function of PpNCED1 and PpNCED5. In the transgenic callus system, both PpNCED1 and PpNCED5 isozymes promoted ABA biosynthesis, which likely accelerated cell senescence through activating ROS signals. The results from this study provide evidence supporting an ABA biosynthetic regulation process via the two NCED genes in peach fruit, and suggest a mechanism of ABA-induced fruit ripening and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Siyuan Lu
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Brennan Hyden
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Cornell AgriTech, Geneva, NY, USA
| | - Lijie Qin
- Wei County Comprehensive Vocational and Technical Education Center, HanDan, Hebei, 056000, China
| | - Lipeng Liu
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Yangyang Bai
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Yan Han
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Zhiliang Wen
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Jizhong Xu
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Hongbo Cao
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China.
| | - Haijiang Chen
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China.
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Adaskaveg JA, Silva CJ, Huang P, Blanco-Ulate B. Single and Double Mutations in Tomato Ripening Transcription Factors Have Distinct Effects on Fruit Development and Quality Traits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:647035. [PMID: 33986762 PMCID: PMC8110730 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.647035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous mutations associated with the tomato transcription factors COLORLESS NON-RIPENING (SPL-CNR), NON-RIPENING (NAC-NOR), and RIPENING-INHIBITOR (MADS-RIN) result in fruit that do not undergo the normal hallmarks of ripening but are phenotypically distinguishable. Here, we expanded knowledge of the physiological, molecular, and genetic impacts of the ripening mutations on fruit development beyond ripening. We demonstrated through phenotypic and transcriptome analyses that Cnr fruit exhibit a broad range of developmental defects before the onset of fruit ripening, but fruit still undergo some ripening changes similar to wild type. Thus, Cnr should be considered as a fruit developmental mutant and not just a ripening mutant. Additionally, we showed that some ripening processes occur during senescence in the nor and rin mutant fruit, indicating that while some ripening processes are inhibited in these mutants, others are merely delayed. Through gene expression analysis and direct measurement of hormones, we found that Cnr, nor, and rin have alterations in the metabolism and signaling of plant hormones. Cnr mutants produce more than basal levels of ethylene, while nor and rin accumulate high concentrations of abscisic acid. To determine genetic interactions between the mutations, we created for the first time homozygous double mutants. Phenotypic analyses of the double ripening mutants revealed that Cnr has a strong influence on fruit traits and that combining nor and rin leads to an intermediate ripening mutant phenotype. However, we found that the genetic interactions between the mutations are more complex than anticipated, as the Cnr/nor double mutant fruit has a Cnr phenotype but displayed inhibition of ripening-related gene expression just like nor fruit. Our reevaluation of the Cnr, nor, and rin mutants provides new insights into the utilization of the mutants for studying fruit development and their implications in breeding for tomato fruit quality.
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Wei X, Meng C, Yuan Y, Nath UK, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Yang S, Li L, Niu L, Yao Q, Wei F, Zhang X. CaPSY1 gene plays likely the key role in carotenoid metabolism of pepper (Capsicum annuum) at ripening. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:141-155. [PMID: 32926830 DOI: 10.1071/fp19287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Phytoene synthase (PSY) is the first committed enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis, which plays important role in ripen fruit colour. However, the roles of CaPSY genes are not explained detail in ripen pepper fruit colour. In this study, three CaPSY genes (CaPSY1, CaPSY2 and CaPSY3) were identified through basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) in pepper genome. Among them, CaPSY1 was predicted as putative candidate based on relative expression values using five developmental stages of fruit in Zunla-1 cultivar and also in ripen fruits of five contrasting pepper lines. The CaPSY1 was characterised functionally through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in ripen fruits and overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Silencing of CaPSY1 gene altered colour with increased lutein and decreased zeaxanthin content in pepper fruits. The transgenic Arabidopsis line CaPSY1 gene showed higher expression of PSY1 gene compared with WT and dwarf phenotype due to reduction of GA3 (gibberellic acid) and higher abscisic acid (ABA) content. Our results confirmed that CaPSY1 gene involved in carotenoid metabolism in ripen pepper fruit and provide clue to develop bright red coloured pepper lines through breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Wei
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; and School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chunyang Meng
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; and School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yuxiang Yuan
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Ujjal Kumar Nath
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Shuangjuan Yang
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Liujing Niu
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Qiuju Yao
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Fang Wei
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; and Corresponding authors. ;
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; and School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; and Corresponding authors. ;
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Yao M, Chen W, Kong J, Zhang X, Shi N, Zhong S, Ma P, Gallusci P, Jackson S, Liu Y, Hong Y. METHYLTRANSFERASE1 and Ripening Modulate Vivipary during Tomato Fruit Development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:1883-1897. [PMID: 32503901 PMCID: PMC7401104 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Vivipary, wherein seeds germinate prior to dispersal while still associated with the maternal plant, is an adaptation to extreme environments. It is normally inhibited by the establishment of dormancy. The genetic framework of vivipary has been well studied; however, the role of epigenetics in vivipary remains unknown. Here, we report that silencing of METHYLTRANSFERASE1 (SlMET1) promoted precocious seed germination and seedling growth within the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) epimutant Colorless non-ripening (Cnr) fruits. This was associated with decreases in abscisic acid concentration and levels of mRNA encoding 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid-dioxygenase (SlNCED), which is involved in abscisic acid biosynthesis. Differentially methylated regions were identified in promoters of differentially expressed genes, including SlNCED SlNCED knockdown also induced viviparous seedling growth in Cnr fruits. Strikingly, Cnr ripening reversion suppressed vivipary. Moreover, neither SlMET1/SlNCED-virus-induced gene silencing nor transgenic SlMET1-RNA interference produced vivipary in wild-type tomatoes; the latter affected leaf architecture, arrested flowering, and repressed seed development. Thus, a dual pathway in ripening and SlMET1-mediated epigenetics coordinates the blockage of seed vivipary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqin Yao
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Junhua Kong
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xinlian Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of California, San Diego, California 92093
- Department of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Nongnong Shi
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Silin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ping Ma
- Department of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Philippe Gallusci
- UMR EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, CS 50008, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Stephen Jackson
- Warwick-Hangzhou RNA Signaling Joint Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Yule Liu
- Centre for Plant Biology and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yiguo Hong
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Warwick-Hangzhou RNA Signaling Joint Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Worcester-Hangzhou Joint Molecular Plant Health Laboratory, School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester WR2 6AJ, United Kingdom
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Diretto G, Frusciante S, Fabbri C, Schauer N, Busta L, Wang Z, Matas AJ, Fiore A, K.C. Rose J, Fernie AR, Jetter R, Mattei B, Giovannoni J, Giuliano G. Manipulation of β-carotene levels in tomato fruits results in increased ABA content and extended shelf life. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:1185-1199. [PMID: 31646753 PMCID: PMC7152610 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Tomato fruit ripening is controlled by the hormone ethylene and by a group of transcription factors, acting upstream of ethylene. During ripening, the linear carotene lycopene accumulates at the expense of cyclic carotenoids. Fruit-specific overexpression of LYCOPENE β-CYCLASE (LCYb) resulted in increased β-carotene (provitamin A) content. Unexpectedly, LCYb-overexpressing fruits also exhibited a diverse array of ripening phenotypes, including delayed softening and extended shelf life. These phenotypes were accompanied, at the biochemical level, by an increase in abscisic acid (ABA) content, decreased ethylene production, increased density of cell wall material containing linear pectins with a low degree of methylation, and a thicker cuticle with a higher content of cutin monomers and triterpenoids. The levels of several primary metabolites and phenylpropanoid compounds were also altered in the transgenic fruits, which could be attributed to delayed fruit ripening and/or to ABA. Network correlation analysis and pharmacological experiments with the ABA biosynthesis inhibitor, abamine, indicated that altered ABA levels were a direct effect of the increased β-carotene content and were in turn responsible for the extended shelf life phenotype. Thus, manipulation of β-carotene levels results in an improvement not only of the nutritional value of tomato fruits, but also of their shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Diretto
- Italian national Agency for New technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development (ENEA)Casaccia Research CenterRomaItaly
| | - Sarah Frusciante
- Italian national Agency for New technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development (ENEA)Casaccia Research CenterRomaItaly
| | - Claudia Fabbri
- Department of Biology and BiotechnologySapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Nicolas Schauer
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdam‐GolmGermany
| | - Lucas Busta
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Nebraska–LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Antonio J. Matas
- Plant Biology SectionSchool of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
- Department of Plant BiologyInstitute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture “La Mayora” (IHSM‐UMA‐CSIC)University of MálagaMálagaSpain
| | - Alessia Fiore
- Italian national Agency for New technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development (ENEA)Casaccia Research CenterRomaItaly
| | - Jocelyn K.C. Rose
- Plant Biology SectionSchool of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdam‐GolmGermany
| | - Reinhard Jetter
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Benedetta Mattei
- Department of Biology and BiotechnologySapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
- Department of Health, Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
| | - Jim Giovannoni
- U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research ServiceRobert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and HealthIthacaNYUSA
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant ResearchCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Giovanni Giuliano
- Italian national Agency for New technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development (ENEA)Casaccia Research CenterRomaItaly
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Xiao K, Chen J, He Q, Wang Y, Shen H, Sun L. DNA methylation is involved in the regulation of pepper fruit ripening and interacts with phytohormones. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:1928-1942. [PMID: 31907544 PMCID: PMC7242076 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence to suggest that epigenetic tags, especially DNA methylation, are critical regulators of fruit ripening. To examine whether this is the case in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) we conducted experiments at the transcriptional, epigenetic, and physiological levels. McrBC PCR, bisulfite sequencing, and real-time PCR demonstrated that DNA hypomethylation occurred in the upstream region of the transcription start site of some genes related to pepper ripening at the turning stage, which may be attributed to up-regulation of CaDML2-like and down-regulation of CaMET1-like1, CaMET1-like2, CaCMT2-like, and CaCMT4-like. Silencing of CaMET1-like1 by virus-induced gene silencing led to DNA hypomethylation, increased content of soluble solids, and accumulation of carotenoids in the fruit, which was accompanied by changes in expression of genes involved in capsanthin/capsorubin biosynthesis, cell wall degradation, and phytohormone metabolism and signaling. Endogenous ABA increased during fruit ripening, whereas endogenous IAA showed an opposite trend. No ethylene signal was detected during ripening. DNA hypomethylation repressed the expression of auxin and gibberellin biosynthesis genes as well as cytokinin degradation genes, but induced the expression of ABA biosynthesis genes. In mature-green pericarp, exogenous ABA induced expression of CaDML2-like but repressed that of CaCMT4-like. IAA treatment promoted the transcription of CaMET1-like1 and CaCMT3-like. Ethephon significantly up-regulated the expression of CaDML2-like. Treatment with GA3 and 6-BA showed indistinct effects on DNA methylation at the transcriptional level. On the basis of the results, a model is proposed that suggests a high likelihood of a role for DNA methylation in the regulation of ripening in the non-climacteric pepper fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xiao
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qixiumei He
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yixin Wang
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Huolin Shen
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Correspondence:
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Gan Z, Shan N, Fei L, Wan C, Chen J. Isolation of the 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) gene from kiwifruit and its effects on postharvest softening and ripening. SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2019.109020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kim HM, Park SH, Ma SH, Park SY, Yun CH, Jang G, Joung YH. Promoted ABA Hydroxylation by Capsicum annuum CYP707As Overexpression Suppresses Pollen Maturation in Nicotiana tabacum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:583767. [PMID: 33363553 PMCID: PMC7752897 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.583767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key signaling molecule that mediates plant response to stress. Increasing evidence indicates that ABA also regulates many aspects of plant development, such as seed germination, leaf development, and ripening. ABA metabolism, including ABA biosynthesis and degradation, is an essential aspect of ABA response in plants. In this study, we identified four cytochrome P450 genes (CaCYP707A1, 2, 3, and 4) that mediate ABA hydroxylation, which is required for ABA degradation in Capsicum annuum. We observed that CaCYP707A-mediated ABA hydroxylation promotes ABA degradation, leading to low levels of ABA and a dehydration phenotype in 35S:CaCYP707A plants. Importantly, seed formation was strongly inhibited in 35S:CaCYP707A plants, and a cross-pollination test suggested that the defect in seed formation is caused by improper pollen development. Phenotypic analysis showed that pollen maturation is suppressed in 35S:CaCYP707A1 plants. Consequently, most 35S:CaCYP707A1 pollen grains degenerated, unlike non-transgenic (NT) pollen, which developed into mature pollen grains. Together our results indicate that CaCYP707A mediates ABA hydroxylation and thereby influences pollen development, helping to elucidate the mechanism underlying ABA-regulated pollen development.
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Kai W, Wang J, Liang B, Fu Y, Zheng Y, Zhang W, Li Q, Leng P. PYL9 is involved in the regulation of ABA signaling during tomato fruit ripening. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:6305-6319. [PMID: 31504753 PMCID: PMC6859720 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates fruit ripening, yet little is known about the exact roles of ABA receptors in fruit. In this study, we reveal the role of SlPYL9, a tomato pyrabactin resistance (PYR)/pyrobactin resistance-like (PYL)/regulatory component of ABA receptors (RCAR) protein, as a positive regulator of ABA signaling and fruit ripening. SlPYL9 inhibits protein phosphatase-type 2C (PP2C2/6) in an ABA dose-dependent way, and it interacts physically with SlPP2C2/3/4/5 in an ABA-dependent manner. Expression of SlPYL9 was observed in the seeds, flowers, and fruits. Overexpression and suppression of SlPYL9 induced a variety of phenotypes via altered expression of ABA signaling genes (SlPP2C1/2/9, SlSnRK2.8, SlABF2), thereby affecting expression of ripening-related genes involved in ethylene release and cell wall modification. SlPYL9-OE/RNAi plants showed a typical ABA hyper-/hypo-sensitive phenotype in terms of seed germination, primary root growth, and response to drought. Fruit ripening was significantly accelerated in SlPYL9-OE by 5-7 d as a result of increased endogenous ABA accumulation and advanced release of ethylene compared with the wild-type. In the SlPYL9-RNAi lines, fruit ripening was delayed, mesocarp thickness was enhanced, and petal abscission was delayed compared with the wild-type, resulting in conical/oblong and gourd-shaped fruits. These results suggest that SlPYL9 is involved in ABA signaling, thereby playing a role in the regulation of flower abscission and fruit ripening in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Kai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Bin Liang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Ying Fu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yu Zheng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
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Functional analysis of SlNCED1 in pistil development and fruit set in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Sci Rep 2019; 9:16943. [PMID: 31729411 PMCID: PMC6858371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52948-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important regulator of many plant developmental processes, although its regulation in the pistil during anthesis is unclear. We investigated the role of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (SlNCED1), a key ABA biosynthesis enzyme, through overexpression and transcriptome analysis in the tomato pistil. During pistil development, ABA accumulates and SlNCED1 expression increases continually, peaking one day before full bloom, when the maximum amount of ethylene is released in the pistil. ABA accumulation and SlNCED1 expression in the ovary remained high for three days before and after full bloom, but then both declined rapidly four days after full bloom following senescence and petal abscission and expansion of the young fruits. Overexpression of SlNCED1 significantly increased ABA levels and also up-regulated SlPP2C5 expression, which reduced ABA signaling activity. Overexpression of SlNCED1 caused up-regulation of pistil-specific Zinc finger transcription factor genes SlC3H29, SlC3H66, and SlC3HC4, which may have affected the expression of SlNCED1-mediated pistil development-related genes, causing major changes in ovary development. Increased ABA levels are due to SlNCED1 overexpresson which caused a hormonal imbalance resulting in the growth of parthenocarpic fruit. Our results indicate that SlNCED1 plays a crucial role in the regulation of ovary/pistil development and fruit set.
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Yu W, Zhao R, Wang L, Zhang S, Li R, Sheng J, Shen L. ABA signaling rather than ABA metabolism is involved in trehalose-induced drought tolerance in tomato plants. PLANTA 2019; 250:643-655. [PMID: 31144110 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03195-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose increased drought tolerance of tomato plants, accompanied by reduced water loss and closed stomata, which was associated with the upregulated ABA signaling-related genes expression, but not in ABA accumulation. Drought is one of the principal abiotic stresses that negatively influence the growth of plant and yield. Trehalose has great agronomic potential to improve the stress tolerance of plants. However, little information is available on the role of ABA and its signaling components in trehalose-induced drought tolerance. The aim of this study is to elucidate the potential mechanism by which trehalose regulates ABA in response to drought stress. In this study, 6-week-old tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Ailsa Craig) plants were treated with 0 or 15.0 mM trehalose solution. Results showed that trehalose treatment significantly enhanced drought tolerance of tomato plants, accompanied by encouraged stomatal closure and protected chloroplast ultrastructure. Compared with controls, trehalose-treated plants showed lower hydrogen peroxide content and higher antioxidant enzymes activities, which contributed to alleviate oxidative damage caused by drought. Moreover, trehalose treatment decreased ABA content, which was followed by the downregulation of ABA biosynthesis genes expression and the upregulation of ABA catabolism genes expression. In contrast, exogenous trehalose upregulated transcript levels of ABA signaling-related genes, including SlPYL1/3/4/5/6/7/9, SlSnRK2.3/4, SlAREB1/2, and SlDREB1. These results suggested that trehalose treatment enhanced drought tolerance of tomato plants, and it's ABA signaling rather than ABA metabolism that was involved in trehalose-induced drought tolerance in tomato plants. These findings provide evidence for the physiological role of trehalose and bring about a new understanding of the possible relationship between trehalose and ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Yu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ruirui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Liu Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shujuan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiping Sheng
- School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Lin Shen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Li G, Zhao J, Qin B, Yin Y, An W, Mu Z, Cao Y. ABA mediates development-dependent anthocyanin biosynthesis and fruit coloration in Lycium plants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:317. [PMID: 31307384 PMCID: PMC6631627 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1931-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthocyanins, which are colored pigments, have long been used as food and pharmaceutical ingredients due to their potential health benefits, but the intermediate signals through which environmental or developmental cues regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis remains poorly understood. Fleshy fruits have become a good system for studying the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis, and exploring the mechanism underlying pigment metabolism is valuable for controlling fruit ripening. RESULTS The present study revealed that ABA accumulated during Lycium fruit ripening, and this accumulation was positively correlated with the anthocyanin contents and the LbNCED1 transcript levels. The application of exogenous ABA and of the ABA biosynthesis inhibitor fluridon increased and decreased the content of anthocyanins in Lycium fruit, respectively. This is the first report to show that ABA promotes the accumulation of anthocyanins in Lycium fruits. The variations in the anthocyanin content were consistent with the variations in the expression of the genes encoding the MYB-bHLH-WD40 transcription factor complex or anthocyanin biosynthesis-related enzymes. Virus-induced LbNCED1 gene silencing significantly slowed fruit coloration and decreased both anthocyanin and ABA accumulation during Lycium fruit ripening. An qRT-PCR analysis showed that LbNCED1 gene silencing clearly reduced the transcript levels of both structural and regulatory genes in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, a model of ABA-mediated development-dependent anthocyanin biosynthesis and fruit coloration during Lycium fruit maturation was proposed. In this model, the developmental cues transcriptionally activates LbNCED1 and thus enhances accumulation of the phytohormone ABA, and the accumulated ABA stimulates transcription of the MYB-bHLH-WD40 transcription factor complex to upregulate the expression of structural genes in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway and thereby promoting anthocyanin production and fruit coloration. Our results provide a valuable strategy that could be used in practice to regulate the ripening and quality of fresh fruit in medicinal and edible plants by modifying the phytohormone ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002 China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002 China
| | - Beibei Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Yue Yin
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002 China
| | - Wei An
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002 China
| | - Zixin Mu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Youlong Cao
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002 China
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Li H, Wu H, Qi Q, Li H, Li Z, Chen S, Ding Q, Wang Q, Yan Z, Gai Y, Jiang X, Ding J, Gu T, Hou X, Richard M, Zhao Y, Li Y. Gibberellins Play a Role in Regulating Tomato Fruit Ripening. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1619-1629. [PMID: 31073591 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although exogenous applications of gibberellins (GAs) delay tomato ripening, the regulatory mechanisms of GAs in the process have never been well recognized. Here, we report that the concentration of endogenous GAs is declined before the increase of ethylene production in mature-green to breaker stage fruits. We further demonstrate that reductions in GA levels via overexpression of a GA catabolism gene SlGA2ox1 specifically in fruit tissues lead to early ripening. Consistently, we have also observed that application of a GA biosynthetic inhibitor, prohexadione-calcium, at the mature-green stage accelerates fruit ripening, while exogenous GA3 application delays the process. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ethylene biosynthetic gene expressions and ethylene production are activated prematurely in GA-deficient fruits but delayed/reduced in exogenous GA3-treated WT fruits. We also show that the GA deficiency-mediated activation of ethylene biosynthesis is due to the activation of the ripening regulator genes RIN, NOR and CNR. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that GAs play a negative role in tomato fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Han Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Qi Qi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhifei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiangqiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quanzhi Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Center for Modern Horticulture, Jiangsu Polytechnic College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhiming Yan
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Center for Modern Horticulture, Jiangsu Polytechnic College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ying Gai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangning Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xilin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - McAvoy Richard
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Yunde Zhao
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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Forlani S, Masiero S, Mizzotti C. Fruit ripening: the role of hormones, cell wall modifications, and their relationship with pathogens. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:2993-3006. [PMID: 30854549 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fruits result from complex biological processes that begin soon after fertilization. Among these processes are cell division and expansion, accumulation of secondary metabolites, and an increase in carbohydrate biosynthesis. Later fruit ripening is accomplished by chlorophyll degradation and cell wall lysis. Fruit maturation is an essential step to optimize seed dispersal, and is controlled by a complex network of transcription factors and genetic regulators that are strongly influenced by phytohormones. Abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene are the major regulators of ripening and senescence in both dry and fleshy fruits, as demonstrated by numerous ripening-defective mutants, effects of exogenous hormone application, and transcriptome analyses. While ethylene is the best characterized player in the final step of a fruit's life, ABA also has a key regulatory role, promoting ethylene production and acting as a stress-related hormone in response to drought and pathogen attack. In this review, we focus on the role of ABA and ethylene in relation to the interconnected biotic and abiotic phenomena that affect ripening and senescence. We integrate and discuss the most recent data available regarding these biological processes, which are crucial for post-harvest fruit conservation and for food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Forlani
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Masiero
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Mizzotti
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Berry HM, Rickett DV, Baxter CJ, Enfissi EMA, Fraser PD. Carotenoid biosynthesis and sequestration in red chilli pepper fruit and its impact on colour intensity traits. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:2637-2650. [PMID: 30820539 PMCID: PMC6506829 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The exploitation of diverse natural variation has been a key progenitor of crop breeding over the last decade. However, commercial practice is now turning to the use of accessions with less extreme phenotypes as genetic donors. In the present study, the carotenoid formation in a red-fruited discovery panel of Capsicum annuum (chilli pepper) has been characterized. The data indicated that colour intensity correlated with the amount of capsanthin and its esters, along with transcript levels of the 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS) and phytoene synthase-1 (PSY-1) genes. Quantification of carotenoids through development and ripening suggested the presence of separate biosynthesis and accumulation phases. Subplastid fractionation demonstrated the differential sequestration of pigments in high- and low-intensity lines and revealed the PSY protein to be most active in the membrane fractions when abundance was highest in the fibril fractions. Carotenoid accumulation was associated with the esterification of xanthophylls, expression of a putative carotenoid acyl transferase, and increased fibril content within the plastid. Interrogation of TEM images and carotenoid analysis of subplastid fractions suggest that the plastoglobuli are likely to be the progenitor of the characteristic fibrils found in pepper fruit. Collectively, these data provide an insight into the underpinning molecular, biochemical, and cellular mechanisms associated with the synthesis and sequestration of carotenoids in chromoplast-containing fruits, in addition to providing potential tools and resources for the breeding of high red colour intensity pepper varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet M Berry
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Daniel V Rickett
- Syngenta, Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, UK
| | - Charles J Baxter
- Syngenta, Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, UK
| | - Eugenia M A Enfissi
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Paul D Fraser
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
- Correspondence:
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42
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Ma L, Zhou L, Quan S, Xu H, Yang J, Niu J. Integrated analysis of mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq in calyx abscission zone of Korla fragrant pear involved in calyx persistence. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:192. [PMID: 31072362 PMCID: PMC6507046 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1792-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to characterize molecular mechanism of calyx persistence in Korla fragrant pear by transcriptome and small RNA sequencing. Abscission zone tissues of flowers at three stages (the first, fifth and ninth days of the late bloom stage), with 50 mg/L GA3 (calyx persistence treatment, C_1, C_5, C_9) or 500 mg/L PP333 (calyx abscission treatment, T_1, T_5, T_9), were collected and simultaneously conducted transcriptome and small RNA sequencing. RESULTS Through association analysis of transcriptome and small RNA sequencing, mRNA-miRNA network was conducted. Compared calyx persistence groups with calyx abscission groups during the same stage, 145, 56 and 150 mRNA-miRNA pairs were obtained in C_1 vs T_1, C_5 vs T_5 and C_9 vs T_9, respectively; When C_1 compared with C_5 and C_9, 90 and 506 mRNA-miRNA pairs were screened respectively, and 255 mRNA-miRNA pairs were obtained from the comparison between C_5 and C_9; When T_1 compared with the T_5 and T_9, respectively, 206 and 796 mRNA-miRNA pairs were obtained, and 383 mRNA-miRNA pairs were obtained from the comparison between T_5 and T_9. These mRNAs in miRNA-mRNA pairs were significantly enriched into the terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, photosynthesis - antenna proteins, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, carotenoid biosynthesis, zeatin biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction. In addition, we obtained some key genes from miRNA-mRNA pairs that may be associated with calyx abscission, including protein phosphatase 2C (psi-miR394a-HAB1), receptor-like protein kinase (psi-miR396a-5p-HERK1), cellulose synthase-like protein D3 (psi-miR827-CSLD3), beta-galactosidase (psi-miR858b-β-galactosidase), SPL-psi-miR156j/157d, abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase 1 (psi-miR396a-5p-CYP707A1) and auxin response factor (psi-miR160a-3p-ARF6, psi-miR167d-ARF18, psi-miR167a-5p-ARF25), etc. CONCLUSION: By integrated analysis mRNA and miRNA, our study gives a better understanding of the important genes and regulation pathway related to calyx abscission in Korla fragrant pear. We have also established the network of miRNA-mRNA pairs to learn about precise regulation of miRNA on calyx abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003 Xinjiang China
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi, 832003 Xinjiang China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003 Xinjiang China
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi, 832003 Xinjiang China
| | - Shaowen Quan
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003 Xinjiang China
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi, 832003 Xinjiang China
| | - Hang Xu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003 Xinjiang China
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi, 832003 Xinjiang China
| | - Jieping Yang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003 Xinjiang China
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi, 832003 Xinjiang China
| | - Jianxin Niu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003 Xinjiang China
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi, 832003 Xinjiang China
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Zhang Z, Kang C, Zhang S, Li X. Transcript analyses reveal a comprehensive role of abscisic acid in modulating fruit ripening in Chinese jujube. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:189. [PMID: 31068143 PMCID: PMC6505321 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is a non-climacteric fruit; however, the underlying mechanism of ripening and the role of abscisic acid involved in this process are not yet understood for this species. RESULTS In the present study, a positive correlation between dynamic changes in endogenous ABA and the onset of jujube ripening was determined. Transcript analyses suggested that the expression balance among genes encoding nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (ZjNCED3), ABA-8'-hydroxylase (ZjCYP707A2), and beta-glucosidase (ZjBG4, ZjBG5, ZjBG8, and ZjBG9) has an important role in maintaining ABA accumulation, while the expression of a receptor (ZjPYL8), protein phosphatase 2C (ZjPP2C4-8), and sucrose nonfermenting 1-related protein kinase 2 (ZjSnRK2-2 and ZjSnRK2-5) is important in regulating fruit sensitivity to ABA applications. In addition, white mature 'Dongzao' fruit were harvested and treated with 50 mg L- 1 ABA or 50 mg L- 1 nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) to explore the role of ABA in jujube fruit ripening. By comparative transcriptome analyses, 1103 and 505 genes were differentially expressed in response to ABA and NDGA applications on the 1st day after treatment, respectively. These DEGs were associated with photosynthesis, secondary, lipid, cell wall, and starch and sugar metabolic processes, suggesting the involvement of ABA in modulating jujube fruit ripening. Moreover, ABA also exhibited crosstalk with other phytohormones and transcription factors, indicating a regulatory network for jujube fruit ripening. CONCLUSIONS Our study further elucidated ABA-associated metabolic and regulatory processes. These findings are helpful for improving strategies for jujube fruit storage and for gaining insights into understand complex non-climacteric fruit ripening processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Chenxuan Kang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Forestry Administration of Linwei District, Weinan, 714000 Shaanxi China
| | - Xingang Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Research Centre for Jujube Engineering and Technology of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
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Jiang CC, Zhang YF, Lin YJ, Chen Y, Lu XK. Illumina ® Sequencing Reveals Candidate Genes of Carotenoid Metabolism in Three Pummelo Cultivars ( Citrus Maxima) with Different Pulp Color. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092246. [PMID: 31067703 PMCID: PMC6539737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pummelo (Citrus maxima) is one of important fruit trees, which belongs to Citrus species. The fruits of different pummelo cultivars have different colors and differ in the contents of carotenoid. Our results clearly showed that ‘Huangjinmiyou’ (HJMY) has the highest content of β-carotene, followed by ‘Hongroumiyou’ (HRMY) and ‘Guanximiyou’ (GXMY). Lycopene is dominantly accumulated in HRMY. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the carotenoid accumulation in pummelo flesh is not fully understood. In this study, we used the RNA-Seq technique to investigate the candidate genes of carotenoid metabolism in the flesh of pummelo cv. GXMY and its mutants HRMY and HJMY in three development periods of fruit. After data assembly and bioinformatic analysis, a total of 357 genes involved in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were isolated, of which 12 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are involved in carotenoid biosynthesis. Among these 12 DEGs, phytoene synthase (PSY2), lycopene β-cyclase (LYCB2), lycopene Ɛ-cyclase (LYCE), carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCD4), 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED2), aldehyde oxidase 3 (AAO3), and ABA 8′-hydroxylases (CYP707A1) are the most distinct DEGs in three pummelo cultivars. The co-expression analysis revealed that the expression patterns of several transcription factors such as bHLH, MYB, ERF, NAC and WRKY are highly correlated with DEGs, which are involved in carotenoid biosynthesis. In addition, the expression patterns of 22 DEGs were validated by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and the results are highly concordant with the RNA-Seq results. Our results provide a global vision of transcriptomic profile among three pummelo cultivars with different pulp colors. These results would be beneficial to further study the molecular mechanism of carotenoid accumulation in pummelo flesh and help the breeding of citrus with high carotenoid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui Jiang
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China.
| | - Yan-Fang Zhang
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China.
| | - Yan-Jin Lin
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China.
| | - Yuan Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China.
| | - Xin-Kun Lu
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China.
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45
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Rubio S, Noriega X, Pérez FJ. ABA promotes starch synthesis and storage metabolism in dormant grapevine buds. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 234-235:1-8. [PMID: 30639992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) buds, the short day (SD)-photoperiod induces endodormancy and increases the level of ABA and the expression of ABA key biosynthesis genes, which suggests that ABA could be the mediator of the photoperiodic induction of endodormancy. In the present study, it was established that during the development of the endodormancy, the content of ABA and the accumulation of starch increased in parallel in the buds; however, these increases occurred after the buds were already in the state of endodormancy. Despite this finding the exogenous applications of ABA to single-bud cuttings increased the starch content and up-regulated the expression of starch synthesis genes (VvSS1 and VvSS3) and down-regulated the expression of sucrose metabolism genes, invertase (VvINV) and sucrose phosphate synthase (VvSUPS). In addition, the manipulation of the endogenous content of ABA in the grapevine buds by applications of hydrogen cyanamide and uniconazole-P, revealed that the depth of the endodormancy depends on the ABA levels. Taken together, the results indicate that the development of the endodormancy in grapevine buds is associated with the accumulation of starch and a shift in metabolism towards a storage metabolism; as ABA stimulates both processes, it must play an important role in the maintenance and release but not the induction of endodormancy in grapevine buds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Rubio
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile; Programa Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Ximena Noriega
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Francisco J Pérez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.
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Wang A, Chen D, Ma Q, Rose JKC, Fei Z, Liu Y, Giovannoni JJ. The tomato HIGH PIGMENT1/DAMAGED DNA BINDING PROTEIN 1 gene contributes to regulation of fruit ripening. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:15. [PMID: 30729005 PMCID: PMC6355878 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0093-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Fleshy fruit ripening is governed by multiple external and internal cues and accompanied by changes in color, texture, volatiles, and nutritional quality traits. While extended shelf-life and increased phytonutrients are desired, delaying ripening via genetic or postharvest means can be accompanied by reduced nutritional value. Here we report that the high pigment 1 (hp1) mutation at the UV-DAMAGED DNA BINDING PROTEIN 1 (DDB1) locus, previously shown to influence carotenoid and additional phytonutrient accumulation via altered light signal transduction, also results in delayed ripening and firmer texture, resulting at least in part from decreased ethylene evolution. Transcriptome analysis revealed multiple ethylene biosynthesis and signaling-associated genes downregulated in hp1. Furthermore, the hp1 mutation impedes softening of the pericarp, placenta, columella as well as the whole fruit, in addition to reduced expression of the FRUITFUL2 (FUL2) MADS-box transcription factor and xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase 5 (XTH5). These results indicate that DDB1 influences a broader range of fruit development and ripening processes than previously thought and present an additional genetic target for increasing fruit quality and shelf-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anquan Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009 China
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Danyang Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009 China
| | - Qiyue Ma
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Jocelyn K. C. Rose
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
- United States Department of Agriculture, Robert W. Holley Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009 China
| | - James J. Giovannoni
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
- United States Department of Agriculture, Robert W. Holley Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Yang S, Yuan Y. Lignin Involvement in Programmed Changes in Peach-Fruit Texture Indicated by Metabolite and Transcriptome Analyses. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:12627-12640. [PMID: 30350986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Texture is an important component of peach-fruit quality. In the present study, an analysis of metabolite and transcriptome profiles during storage of a nonmelting-flesh cultivar, 'Baili', and a melting-flesh cultivar, 'Hongli', was conducted to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying different fruit textures in peach. Results indicated that higher levels of anthocyanins were present in 'Hongli' peach, whereas lignin monomers and ethylene precursors were higher in 'Baili'. A transcriptome analysis indicated that genes associated with lignin synthesis were more highly expressed in 'Baili' than in 'Hongli', especially Pp4CL2, Pp4CL3, and PpCOMT2. Texture differences between the two varieties may be the result of differential expression of two branches of the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway. One branch regulates flavonoid metabolism and was highly active in 'Hongli' fruit, whereas the other branch regulates lignin synthesis and was more highly active in 'Baili' fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture , Qingdao Agricultural University , Number 700 Changcheng Road , Chengyang, Qingdao City 266109 , Shandong Province , China
| | - Xinfu Zhang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture , Qingdao Agricultural University , Number 700 Changcheng Road , Chengyang, Qingdao City 266109 , Shandong Province , China
| | - Shaolan Yang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture , Qingdao Agricultural University , Number 700 Changcheng Road , Chengyang, Qingdao City 266109 , Shandong Province , China
| | - Yongbing Yuan
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture , Qingdao Agricultural University , Number 700 Changcheng Road , Chengyang, Qingdao City 266109 , Shandong Province , China
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Petric T, Kiferle C, Perata P, Gonzali S. Optimizing shelf life conditions for anthocyanin-rich tomatoes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205650. [PMID: 30308054 PMCID: PMC6181405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Shelf life is the time a product can be stored without losing its qualitative characteristics. It represents one of the most critical quality traits for food products, particularly for fleshy fruits, including tomatoes. Tomatoes' shelf life is usually shortened due to fast over-ripening caused by several different factors, among which changes in temperature, respiration and pathogen exposure. Although tomatoes usually do not contain anthocyanins, varieties enriched in these antioxidant compounds have been recently developed. The anthocyanin-rich tomatoes have been shown to possess a significantly extended shelf life by delayed over-ripening and reduction of the susceptibility to certain pathogens. In the present work, we compared different conditions of postharvest storage of anthocyanin-rich tomato fruits with the aim to understand if the added value represented by the presence of the anthocyanins in the fruit peel can be affected in postharvest. For this purpose we used an anthocyanin-enriched tomato line derived from conventional breeding and took into consideration different light and temperature conditions, known to affect fruit physiology during postharvest as well as anthocyanin production. Several quality traits related to the fruit ripening were measured, including anthocyanin and carotenoid content, pH, titratable acidity and total soluble solids. In this way we identified that the most suitable fruit storage and postharvest anthocyanin accumulation were obtained through exposure to cool temperature (12° C), particularly in the presence of light. Under these parameters, tomato fruits showed increased anthocyanin content and unchanged flavour-related features up to three weeks after harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Petric
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Kiferle
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierdomenico Perata
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Gonzali
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
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Dai S, Kai W, Liang B, Wang J, Jiang L, Du Y, Sun Y, Leng P. The functional analysis of SlNCED1 in tomato pollen development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3457-3472. [PMID: 29632966 PMCID: PMC11105544 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2809-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates plant growth and development, but the role of ABA in the development of reproductive organs in tomato has rarely been addressed. In the present study, the role of ABA in the regulation of male and female gametogenesis as well as pollen development and germination is tested in tomato. qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization analysis of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (SlNCED1), a key enzyme in the ABA biosynthetic pathway, showed high expression of SlNCED1 primarily in the meristem during gametogenesis and mainly in ovule, stigma, anther/pollen and vascular tissues during floral organ development. SlNCED1 expression and ABA accumulation in anther peak at stages 13-14, suggesting that ABA plays a role in the primary formation of pollen grains. Over expression and suppression of SlNCED1 led to the abnormal development of anther/pollen, especially in SlNCED1-OE lines, which have serious pollen deterioration. The percentage of pollen germination in wild type is 91.47%, whereas it is 6.85% in OE transgenic lines and 38.4% at anthesis in RNAi lines. RNA-Seq of anthers shows that SlNCED1-OE can significantly enhance the expression of SlPP2Cs and down-regulate the expression of SlMYB108 and SlMYB21, which are anther/flower-specific transcriptional factors in tomato. Finally, anther transcriptome data indicate that SlNCED1 is involved in ABA-mediated regulation in pollen/anther metabolism, cell wall modification, and transcription levels. These results support an important role for ABA in the development of reproductive organs in tomato and contribute to the elucidation of the underlying regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Dai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Wenbin Kai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bin Liang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Li Jiang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yangwei Du
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yufei Sun
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ping Leng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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50
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Ma X, Zhang Y, Turečková V, Xue GP, Fernie AR, Mueller-Roeber B, Balazadeh S. The NAC Transcription Factor SlNAP2 Regulates Leaf Senescence and Fruit Yield in Tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:1286-1302. [PMID: 29760199 PMCID: PMC6052983 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is an essential physiological process in plants that supports the recycling of nitrogen and other nutrients to support the growth of developing organs, including young leaves, seeds, and fruits. Thus, the regulation of senescence is crucial for evolutionary success in wild populations and for increasing yield in crops. Here, we describe the influence of a NAC transcription factor, SlNAP2 (Solanum lycopersicum NAC-like, activated by Apetala3/Pistillata), that controls both leaf senescence and fruit yield in tomato (S. lycopersicum). SlNAP2 expression increases during age-dependent and dark-induced leaf senescence. We demonstrate that SlNAP2 activates SlSAG113 (S. lycopersicum SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED GENE113), a homolog of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) SAG113, chlorophyll degradation genes such as SlSGR1 (S. lycopersicum senescence-inducible chloroplast stay-green protein 1) and SlPAO (S. lycopersicum pheide a oxygenase), and other downstream targets by directly binding to their promoters, thereby promoting leaf senescence. Furthermore, SlNAP2 directly controls the expression of genes important for abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, S. lycopersicum 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 1 (SlNCED1); transport, S. lycopersicum ABC transporter G family member 40 (SlABCG40); and degradation, S. lycopersicum ABA 8'-hydroxylase (SlCYP707A2), indicating that SlNAP2 has a complex role in establishing ABA homeostasis during leaf senescence. Inhibiting SlNAP2 expression in transgenic tomato plants impedes leaf senescence but enhances fruit yield and sugar content likely due to prolonged leaf photosynthesis in aging tomato plants. Our data indicate that SlNAP2 has a central role in controlling leaf senescence and fruit yield in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Ma
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Veronika Turečková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Salma Balazadeh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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