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Sim A, Tan HQ, Ali Y, Burns SF. Original investigation: manipulating energy availability in male endurance runners: a randomised controlled trial. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:1163-1174. [PMID: 38713922 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2024-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of 4 days low energy availability (LEA) on physiological markers and mood states in male endurance runners. Twelve participants (mean (standard deviation); age: 25.8 (3.8) years; fat-free mass (FFM): 52.8 (5.5) kg) completed three 4-day conditions: adequate energy availability (AEA): 45 kcal/kg FFM/day; LEA1: 30 kcal/kg FFM/day; and LEA2: 15 kcal/kg FFM/day, in a randomized order. Participants ran on a treadmill at 65% of V̇O2max until they expended 15 kcal/kg FFM/day of energy. Energy intake was adjusted to achieve the desired energy availability. Pre- and post-measurements of bone turnover, metabolism, testosterone and estradiol (plasma), resting metabolic rate (indirect calorimetry), and mood states (Brunel Mood Scale) were assessed. The results reported a significant decrease in testosterone (condition × time interaction, p = 0.03) occurred on LEA2 (Pre: 23.8 (7.0) nmol/L vs. Post: 20.3 (7.7) nmol/L) compared with AEA (Pre: 22.9 (5.5) nmol/L vs. Post: 23.3 (6.1) nmol/L) or LEA1 (Pre: 23.6 (8.6) nmol/L vs. Post: 20.9 (8.8) nmol/L). Fatigue level significantly increased (condition × time interaction, p = 0.02) in LEA2 (Pre: 3.5 (1.7) vs. Post: 6.5 (2.9)) but did not change in AEA (Pre: 2.8 (1.5) vs. Post: 2.5 (2.7)) or LEA1 (Pre: 2.8(2.4) vs. Post: 2.9 (2.0)). Other measures were unaffected by the interventions. In conclusion, this study suggests that testosterone and fatigue may serve as early indicators of LEA in male runners. However, other physiological markers and mood states appeared largely unaffected, aligning with existing literature indicating minimal disruption of physiological functions during acute LEA in male athletes. Study registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (Trial No.: 381278).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexiaa Sim
- Physical Education and Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 637616, Singapore
| | - Hui Qing Tan
- Physical Education and Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 637616, Singapore
| | - Yusuf Ali
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore
| | - Stephen F Burns
- Physical Education and Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 637616, Singapore
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Alghadir AH, Gabr SA, Iqbal A. Enhancing cognitive performance and mitigating dyslipidemia: the impact of moderate aerobic training on sedentary older adults. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:678. [PMID: 39138393 PMCID: PMC11323678 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05276-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of 24 weeks of moderate aerobic exercise on lipids and lipoprotein levels; Lipo (a) markers, and their association with cognitive performance in healthy older adults. METHODS A total of 150 healthy subjects (100 males and 50 females; age range: 65-95 years) were recruited for this study. Based on the LOTCA test score, subjects were classified into two groups: the control group (n = 50) and the cognitive impairment group (n = 100). Cognitive functioning, leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), lipid profile, total cholesterol, TG, HDL-c, LDL-C, and lipo(a) were assessed at baseline and post-24-week aerobic exercise interventions using LOTCA battery, pre-validated Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) version II, colorimetric, and immunoassay techniques, respectively. RESULTS Significant improvements in cognitive function and modulation in lipid profile and lipoprotein (a) markers were reported in all older subjects following 24 weeks of moderate exercise. LOTCA-7-sets scores significantly correlated with physical activity status and the regulation of lipids and Lipo (a) markers. Physically active persons showed higher cognitive performance along with a reduction in the levels of T-Cholest., TG, LDL-C, Lipo (a), and an increase in the levels of HDL-C and aerobic fitness VO2max compared with sedentary participants. Cognitive performance correlated positively with increased aerobic fitness, HDL-C, and negatively with T-Cholest., TG, LDL-C, and Lipo (a). However, a significant increase in the improvement of motor praxis, vasomotor organization, thinking operations, attention, and concentration were reported among older adults. CONCLUSIONS The study findings revealed that supervised moderate aerobic training for 24 weeks significantly enhances cognitive functions via mitigating older adults' lipid profiles and lipoprotein (a). Cognitive performance is positively correlated with aerobic fitness and HDL-C level and negatively with T-Cholest., TH, LDL-C, and Lipo (a).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad H Alghadir
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Gabr
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Iqbal
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia.
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Parshuram GA, Tuira L, Dazo F, El Hariri N, Hulst JM, Mtaweh H. Components of Total Energy Expenditure in Healthy and Critically Ill Children: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:2581. [PMID: 39203716 PMCID: PMC11357425 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total energy expenditure (TEE) is the total energy expended by an individual to sustain life, activities, and growth. TEE is formed by four components: resting energy expenditure (REE), activity energy expenditure (AEE), growth-related energy expenditure (GEE), and the thermic effect of feeding (TEF). Some energy expenditure (EE) components may change throughout childhood and cannot be reliably estimated using prediction formulae. OBJECTIVE To summarize measured TEE components as reported in the literature in healthy and critically ill children. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL for studies published between 1946 and 7 September 2023. The primary outcome was energy expenditure. Included studies were published in English and measured one or more of TEE, AEE, GEE, and TEF with Indirect Calorimetry or Doubly Labeled Water in participants between 1 month and 18 years of age. We excluded studies reporting only REE or using predictive equations. Following abstraction, reported values were converted into kcal/kg/day or kcal/day as possible. Weighted mean values were calculated using median or means of EE measurements. RESULTS We found 138 studies, 8163 patients, and 16,636 eligible measurements. The median (IQR) study sample size was 20 (12, 35) patients. TEE was the most evaluated component. The median (IQR) TEE in infants was 73.1 (67.0, 76.5), in children 78.0 (66.0, 81.3), and in adolescents was 44.2 (41.8, 51.9) kcal/kg/day. Very few studies reported on GEE and TEF. CONCLUSIONS This is one of the first studies that summarizes components of total energy expenditure in different pediatric age groups in healthy and critically ill children. Growth- and feeding-associated energy expenditure are poorly reported in healthy children, while all components of TEE (except REE) are poorly reported in critically ill children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia A. Parshuram
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lori Tuira
- Department of Clinical Dietetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Frances Dazo
- Department of Clinical Dietetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Noura El Hariri
- Department of Critical Care, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Jessie M. Hulst
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Haifa Mtaweh
- Department of Critical Care, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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Stojchevski R, Chandrasekaran P, Hadzi-Petrushev N, Mladenov M, Avtanski D. Adipose Tissue Dysfunction Related to Climate Change and Air Pollution: Understanding the Metabolic Consequences. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7849. [PMID: 39063092 PMCID: PMC11277516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a global pandemic, poses a major threat to healthcare systems worldwide. Adipose tissue, the energy-storing organ during excessive energy intake, functions as a thermoregulator, interacting with other tissues to regulate systemic metabolism. Specifically, brown adipose tissue (BAT) is positively associated with an increased resistance to obesity, due to its thermogenic function in the presence of uncoupled protein 1 (UCP1). Recently, studies on climate change and the influence of environmental pollutants on energy homeostasis and obesity have drawn increasing attention. The reciprocal relationship between increasing adiposity and increasing temperatures results in reduced adaptive thermogenesis, decreased physical activity, and increased carbon footprint production. In addition, the impact of climate change makes obese individuals more prone to developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). An impaired response to heat stress, compromised vasodilation, and sweating increase the risk of diabetes-related comorbidities. This comprehensive review provides information about the effects of climate change on obesity and adipose tissue, the risk of T2DM development, and insights into the environmental pollutants causing adipose tissue dysfunction and obesity. The effects of altered dietary patterns on adiposity and adaptation strategies to mitigate the detrimental effects of climate change are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslav Stojchevski
- Friedman Diabetes Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY 10003, USA;
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | | | - Nikola Hadzi-Petrushev
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia; (N.H.-P.); (M.M.)
| | - Mitko Mladenov
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia; (N.H.-P.); (M.M.)
| | - Dimiter Avtanski
- Friedman Diabetes Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY 10003, USA;
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
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Boyle JT, Nielson SA, Perlis ML, Dzierzewski JM. Move your feet and sleep: A longitudinal dynamic analysis of self-reported exercise, sedentary behavior, and insomnia symptoms. Sleep Health 2024; 10:321-326. [PMID: 38548566 PMCID: PMC11162937 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insomnia symptoms are associated with poor physical and mental health. Exercise is associated with good sleep while sedentary behavior is associated with poor sleep. This study investigated the longitudinal, dynamic associations among exercise, sedentary behavior, and insomnia symptoms. METHODS Seven hundred and fifty-six adults (Mage=47.2years, 54.9% female) took part in an online longitudinal study investigating sleep and health across the lifespan. Participants reported duration of moderate-to-strenuous exercise, percentage of day spent sitting, and insomnia symptoms (Insomnia Severity Index [ISI]). The ISI was scored as a total score and two-factor scores: (1) Sleep Disturbance (items 1, 2, 3) and (2) Daytime Dysfunction (items 4, 5, 6, 7). Multilevel modeling was used to examine the typical (i.e., between-persons) and individual (i.e., within-persons) associations among sedentary behavior, exercise, and insomnia symptoms. RESULTS Sedentary behavior was significantly associated with total ISI scores at both the between-person and within-person levels (β = 0.036, t = 3.23, p = .001; β = 0.014, t = 1.99, p = .048). Both between-persons and within-person levels of sedentary behavior were associated with Daytime Dysfunction (β = 0.028, t = 3.79, p < .001; β = 0.009, t = 2.08, p = .039). Exercise was associated with total ISI and Daytime Dysfunction scores at the between-persons level but not at the within-persons level (β = 0.028, t = 2.57, p = .01; β = -0.002, t = -3.02, p = .003). CONCLUSIONS Sedentary behavior was a more consistent and robust predictor of insomnia symptoms than exercise. The association between sedentary behavior and insomnia symptoms was dynamic in that when an individual reported being more sedentary than their norm, they also reported more insomnia symptoms. Future analyses should examine potential moderator variables and comorbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia T Boyle
- Office of Research and Development, VA Boston Healthcare System, Massachusetts, USA; New England Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Spencer A Nielson
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia, USA
| | - Michael L Perlis
- Behavioral Sleep Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Chronobiology and Sleep Institute Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Titheradge P, Robergs R. Evaluating Airflow Sensor Methods: Precision in Indirect Calorimetry. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14674. [PMID: 38895762 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
This study assesses the impact of three volumetric gas flow measurement methods-turbine (fT); pneumotachograph (fP), and Venturi (fV)-on predictive accuracy and precision of expired gas analysis indirect calorimetry (EGAIC) across varying exercise intensities. Six males (Age: 38 ± 8 year; Height: 178.8 ± 4.2 cm;V ̇ O 2 peak $$ \dot{V}{\mathrm{O}}_2\mathrm{peak} $$ : 42 ± 2.8 mL O2 kg-1 min-1) and 14 females (Age = 44.6 ± 9.6 year; Height = 164.6 ± 6.9 cm;V ̇ O 2 peak $$ \dot{V}{\mathrm{O}}_2\mathrm{peak} $$ = 45 ± 8.6 mL O2 kg-1 min-1) were recruited. Participants completed physical exertion on a stationary cycle ergometer for simultaneous pulmonary minute ventilation (V ̇ $$ \dot{V} $$ ) measurements and EGAIC computations. Exercise protocols and subsequent conditions involved a 5-min cycling warm-up at 25 W min-1, incremental exercise to exhaustion (V ̇ O 2 $$ \dot{V}{\mathrm{O}}_2 $$ ramp test), then a steady-state exercise bout induced by a constant Watt load equivalent to 80% ventilatory threshold (80% VT). A linear mixed model revealed that exercise intensity significantly affectedV ̇ O 2 $$ \dot{V}{\mathrm{O}}_2 $$ measurements (p < 0.0001), whereas airflow sensor method (p = 0.97) and its interaction with exercise intensity (p = 0.91) did not. Group analysis of precision yielded aV ̇ O 2 $$ \dot{V}{\mathrm{O}}_2 $$ CV % = 21%; SEM = 5 mL O2 kg-1 min-1. Intra- and interindividual analysis of precision via Bland-Altman revealed a 95% confidence interval (CI) precision benchmark of 3-5 mL kg-1 min-1. Agreement among methods decreased at power outputs elicitingV ̇ $$ \dot{V} $$ up to 150 L min-1, indicating a decrease in precision and highlighting potential challenges in interpreting biological variability, training response heterogeneity, and test-retest comparisons. These findings suggest careful consideration of airflow sensor method variance across metabolic cart configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praneel Titheradge
- School of Allied Health, Exercise & Sports Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert Robergs
- School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Prado-Nóvoa O, Howard KR, Laskaridou E, Reid GR, Zorrilla-Revilla G, Marinik EL, Davy BM, Speakman JR, Davy KP. Validation of predictive equations to estimate resting metabolic rate of females and males across different activity levels. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e24005. [PMID: 37843050 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Using equations to predict resting metabolic rate (RMR) has yielded different degrees of validity, particularly when sex and different physical activity levels were considered. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the validity of several different predictive equations to estimate RMR in female and male adults with varying physical activity levels. METHOD We measured the RMR of 50 adults (26 females and 24 males) evenly distributed through activity levels varying from sedentary to ultra-endurance. Body composition was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry and physical activity was monitored by accelerometry. Ten equations to predict RMR were applied (using Body Mass [BM]: Harris & Benedict, 1919; Mifflin et al., 1990 [MifflinBM]; Pontzer et al., 2021 [PontzerBM]; Schofield, 1985; FAO/WHO/UNU, 2004; and using Fat-Free Mass (FFM): Cunningham, 1991; Johnstone et al., 2006; Mifflin et al., 1990 [MifflinFFM]; Nelson et al. 1992; Pontzer et al., 2021 [PontzerFFM]). The accuracy of these equations was analyzed, and the effect of sex and physical activity was evaluated using different accuracy metrics. RESULTS Equations using BM were less accurate for females, and their accuracy was influenced by physical activity and body composition. FFM equations were slightly less accurate for males but there was no obvious effect of physical activity or other sample parameters. PontzerFFM provides higher accuracy than other models independent of the magnitude of RMR, sex, activity levels, and sample characteristics. CONCLUSION Equations using FFM were more accurate than BM equations in our sample. Future studies are needed to test the accuracy of RMR prediction equations in diverse samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olalla Prado-Nóvoa
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Human Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Kristen R Howard
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Human Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Eleni Laskaridou
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Human Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Glen R Reid
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Human Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Guillermo Zorrilla-Revilla
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Human Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Departamento de Historia, Geografía y Comunicación, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Elaina L Marinik
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Human Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Brenda M Davy
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Human Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - John R Speakman
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kevin P Davy
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Human Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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Alcantara JMA, Jurado-Fasoli L, Dote-Montero M, Merchan-Ramirez E, Amaro-Gahete FJ, Labayen I, Ruiz JR, Sanchez-Delgado G. Impact of methods for data selection on the day-to-day reproducibility of resting metabolic rate assessed with four different metabolic carts. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:2179-2188. [PMID: 37586924 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Accomplishing a high day-to-day reproducibility is important to detect changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) that may be produced after an intervention or for monitoring patients' metabolism over time. We aimed to analyze: (i) the influence of different methods for selecting indirect calorimetry data on RMR and RER assessments; and, (ii) whether these methods influence RMR and RER day-to-day reproducibility. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-eight young adults accomplished 4 consecutive RMR assessments (30-min each), using the Q-NRG (Cosmed, Rome, Italy), the Vyntus CPX (Jaeger-CareFusion, Höchberg, Germany), the Omnical (Maastricht Instruments, Maastricht, The Netherlands), and the Ultima CardiO2 (Medgraphics Corporation, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA) carts, on 2 consecutive mornings. Three types of methods were used: (i) short (periods of 5 consecutive minutes; 6-10, 11-15, 16-20, 21-25, and 26-30 min) and long time intervals (TI) methods (6-25 and 6-30 min); (ii) steady state (SSt methods); and, (iii) methods filtering the data by thresholding from the mean RMR (filtering methods). RMR and RER were similar when using different methods (except RMR for the Vyntus and RER for the Q-NRG). Conversely, using different methods impacted RMR (all P ≤ 0.037) and/or RER (P ≤ 0.009) day-to-day reproducibility in all carts. The 6-25 min and the 6-30 min long TI methods yielded more reproducible measurements for all metabolic carts. CONCLUSION The 6-25 min and 6-30 min should be the preferred methods for selecting data, as they result in the highest day-to-day reproducibility of RMR and RER assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M A Alcantara
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Food Chain Development, Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Campus Arrosadía, s/n, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - L Jurado-Fasoli
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - M Dote-Montero
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - E Merchan-Ramirez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - F J Amaro-Gahete
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - I Labayen
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Food Chain Development, Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Campus Arrosadía, s/n, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - J R Ruiz
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - G Sanchez-Delgado
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 12e Avenue N Porte 6, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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Notley SR, Mitchell D, Taylor NAS. A century of exercise physiology: concepts that ignited the study of human thermoregulation. Part 1: Foundational principles and theories of regulation. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:2379-2459. [PMID: 37702789 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
This contribution is the first of a four-part, historical series encompassing foundational principles, mechanistic hypotheses and supported facts concerning human thermoregulation during athletic and occupational pursuits, as understood 100 years ago and now. Herein, the emphasis is upon the physical and physiological principles underlying thermoregulation, the goal of which is thermal homeostasis (homeothermy). As one of many homeostatic processes affected by exercise, thermoregulation shares, and competes for, physiological resources. The impact of that sharing is revealed through the physiological measurements that we take (Part 2), in the physiological responses to the thermal stresses to which we are exposed (Part 3) and in the adaptations that increase our tolerance to those stresses (Part 4). Exercising muscles impose our most-powerful heat stress, and the physiological avenues for redistributing heat, and for balancing heat exchange with the environment, must adhere to the laws of physics. The first principles of internal and external heat exchange were established before 1900, yet their full significance is not always recognised. Those physiological processes are governed by a thermoregulatory centre, which employs feedback and feedforward control, and which functions as far more than a thermostat with a set-point, as once was thought. The hypothalamus, today established firmly as the neural seat of thermoregulation, does not regulate deep-body temperature alone, but an integrated temperature to which thermoreceptors from all over the body contribute, including the skin and probably the muscles. No work factor needs to be invoked to explain how body temperature is stabilised during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Notley
- Defence Science and Technology Group, Department of Defence, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Duncan Mitchell
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Nigel A S Taylor
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Roscoe S, Skinner E, Kabucho Kibirige E, Childs C, Weekes CE, Wootton S, Allen S, McDermott C, Stavroulakis T. A critical view of the use of predictive energy equations for the identification of hypermetabolism in motor neuron disease: A pilot study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:739-748. [PMID: 37739732 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS People living with motor neuron disease (MND) frequently struggle to consume an optimal caloric intake. Often compounded by hypermetabolism, this can lead to dysregulated energy homeostasis, prompting the onset of malnutrition and associated weight loss. This is associated with a poorer prognosis and reduced survival. It is therefore important to establish appropriate nutritional goals to ensure adequate energy intake. This is best done by measuring resting energy expenditure (mREE) using indirect calorimetry. However, indirect calorimetry is not widely available in clinical practice, thus dietitians caring for people living with MND frequently use energy equations to predict resting energy expenditure (pREE) and estimate caloric requirements. Energy prediction equations have previously been shown to underestimate resting energy expenditure in over two-thirds of people living with MND. Hypermetabolism has previously been identified using the metabolic index. The metabolic index is a ratio of mREE to pREE, whereby an increase of mREE by ≥110% indicates hypermetabolism. We aim to critically reflect on the use of the Harris-Benedict (1919) and Henry (2005) energy prediction equations to inform a metabolic index to indicate hypermetabolism in people living with MND. METHODS mREE was derived using VO₂ and VCO₂ measurements from a GEMNutrition indirect calorimeter. pREE was estimated by Harris-Benedict (HB) (1919), Henry (2005) and kcal/kg/day predictive energy equations. The REE variation, described as the percentage difference between mREE and pREE, determined the accuracy of pREE ([pREE-mREE]/mREE) x 100), with accuracy defined as ≤ ± 10%. A metabolic index threshold of ≥110% was used to classify hypermetabolism. All resting energy expenditure data are presented as kcal/24hr. RESULTS Sixteen people living with MND were included in the analysis. The mean mREE was 1642 kcal/24hr ranging between 1110 and 2015 kcal/24hr. When REE variation was analysed for the entire cohort, the HB, Henry and kcal/kg/day equations all overestimated REE, but remained within the accuracy threshold (mean values were 2.81% for HB, 4.51% for Henry and 8.00% for kcal/kg/day). Conversely, inter-individual REE variation within the cohort revealed HB and Henry equations both inaccurately reflected mREE for 68.7% of participants, with kcal/kg/day inaccurately reflecting 41.7% of participants. Whilst the overall cohort was not classified as hypermetabolic (mean values were 101.04% for HB, 98.62% for Henry and 95.64% for kcal/kg/day), the metabolic index ranges within the cohort were 70.75%-141.58% for HB, 72.82%-127.69% for Henry and 66.09%-131.58% for kcal/kg/day, indicating both over- and under-estimation of REE by these equations. We have shown that pREE correlates with body weight (kg), whereby the lighter the individual, the greater the underprediction of REE. When applied to the metabolic index, this underprediction biases towards the classification of hypermetabolism in lighter individuals. CONCLUSION Whilst predicting resting energy expenditure using the HB, Henry or kcal/kg/day equations accurately reflects derived mREE at group level, these equations are not suitable for informing resting energy expenditure and classification of hypermetabolism when applied to individuals in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Roscoe
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Ellie Skinner
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Elaine Kabucho Kibirige
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Charmaine Childs
- College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK.
| | - C Elizabeth Weekes
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Stephen Wootton
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Southampton NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Scott Allen
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Christopher McDermott
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Theocharis Stavroulakis
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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11
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Penhaligan J, Sequeira-Bisson IR, Miles-Chan JL. The role of postprandial thermogenesis in the development of impaired glucose tolerance and type II diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E171-E179. [PMID: 37378621 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00113.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Accounting for 5%-15% of total daily energy expenditure, postprandial thermogenesis (PPT) refers to an acute increase in resting metabolic rate (RMR) in the hours after eating. This is largely explained by the energy costs of processing the macronutrients of a meal. Most individuals spend the majority of the day in the postprandial state, thus over one's lifetime even minor differences in PPT may possess true clinical significance. In contrast to RMR, research indicates that PPT may be reduced in the development of both prediabetes and type II diabetes (T2D). The present analysis of existing literature has found that this impairment may be exaggerated in hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies compared with food and beverage consumption studies. Nonetheless, it is estimated that daily PPT following carbohydrate consumption alone is approximately 150 kJ lower among individuals with T2D. This estimate fails to consider protein intake, which is notably more thermogenic than carbohydrate intake (20%-30% vs. 5%-8%, respectively). Putatively, dysglycemic individuals may lack the insulin sensitivity required to divert glucose toward storage-a more energy-taxing pathway. Accordingly, the majority of findings has associated an impaired PPT with a reduced "obligatory" energy output (i.e., the energy costs associated with nutrient processing). More recently, it has been reported that "facultative" thermogenesis [e.g., the energy costs associated with sympathetic nervous system (SNS) stimulation] may also contribute to any impairment in PPT among individuals with prediabetes and T2D. Further longitudinal research is required to truly ascertain whether meaningful changes in PPT manifest in the prediabetic state, before the development of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Penhaligan
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ivana R Sequeira-Bisson
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer L Miles-Chan
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Riddet Centre of Research Excellence (CoRE) for Food and Nutrition, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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12
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McDonough DJ, Mathew M, Pope ZC, Schreiner PJ, Jacobs DR, VanWagner LB, Carr JJ, Terry JG, Gabriel KP, Reis JP, Pereira MA. Aerobic and Muscle-Strengthening Physical Activity, Television Viewing, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The CARDIA Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5603. [PMID: 37685671 PMCID: PMC10488389 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in U.S. adults is over 30%, yet the role of lifestyle factors in the etiology of NAFLD remains understudied. We examined the associations of physical activity, by intensity and type, and television viewing with prevalent NAFLD. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of a population-based sample of 2726 Black (49%) and White (51%) adults (Mean (SD) age, 50 (3.6) years; 57.3% female) from the CARDIA study. Exposures were aerobic activity by intensity (moderate, vigorous; hours/week); activity type (aerobic, muscle-strengthening; hours/week); and television viewing (hours/week), examined concurrently in all models and assessed by validated questionnaires. Our outcome was NAFLD (liver attenuation < 51 Hounsfield Units), measured by non-contrast computed tomography, after exclusions for other causes of liver fat. Covariates were sex, age, race, study center, education, diet quality, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and body mass index or waist circumference. RESULTS 648 participants had NAFLD. In the fully adjusted modified Poisson regression model, the risk ratios per interquartile range of each exposure were moderate-intensity aerobic activity, 1.10 (95% CI, 0.97-1.26); vigorous-intensity aerobic activity, 0.72 (0.63-0.82); muscle-strengthening activity, 0.89 (0.80-1.01); and television viewing, 1.20 (1.10-1.32). Relative to less active participants with higher levels of television viewing, those who participated in ≥2 h/week of both vigorous-intensity aerobic and muscle-strengthening activity and <7 h/week of television viewing had 65% lower risk of NAFLD (risk ratio = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.23-0.51). CONCLUSION Adults who follow public health recommendations for vigorous-aerobic and muscle-strengthening activity, as well as minimize television viewing, are considerably less likely to have NAFLD than those who do not follow the recommendations and who have relatively high levels of television viewing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. McDonough
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.M.); (P.J.S.); (D.R.J.J.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Mahesh Mathew
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.M.); (P.J.S.); (D.R.J.J.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Zachary C. Pope
- Well Living Lab, Rochester, NY 55902, USA;
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY 14625, USA
| | - Pamela J. Schreiner
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.M.); (P.J.S.); (D.R.J.J.); (M.A.P.)
| | - David R. Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.M.); (P.J.S.); (D.R.J.J.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Lisa B. VanWagner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - John Jeffrey Carr
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.J.C.); (J.G.T.)
| | - James G. Terry
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.J.C.); (J.G.T.)
| | - Kelley Pettee Gabriel
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Jared P. Reis
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Mark A. Pereira
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.M.); (P.J.S.); (D.R.J.J.); (M.A.P.)
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Chakravarty P, Cozzi G, Scantlebury DM, Ozgul A, Aminian K. Combining accelerometry with allometry for estimating daily energy expenditure in joules when in-lab calibration is unavailable. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2023; 11:29. [PMID: 37254220 PMCID: PMC10228015 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-023-00395-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND All behaviour requires energy, and measuring energy expenditure in standard units (joules) is key to linking behaviour to ecological processes. Animal-borne accelerometers are commonly used to infer proxies of energy expenditure, termed 'dynamic body acceleration' (DBA). However, converting acceleration proxies (m/s2) to standard units (watts) involves costly in-lab respirometry measurements, and there is a lack of viable substitutes for empirical calibration relationships when these are unavailable. METHODS We used past allometric work quantifying energy expenditure during resting and locomotion as a function of body mass to calibrate DBA. We used the resulting 'power calibration equation' to estimate daily energy expenditure (DEE) using two models: (1) locomotion data-based linear calibration applied to the waking period, and Kleiber's law applied to the sleeping period (ACTIWAKE), and (2) locomotion and resting data-based linear calibration applied to the 24-h period (ACTIREST24). Since both models require locomotion speed information, we developed an algorithm to estimate speed from accelerometer, gyroscope, and behavioural annotation data. We applied these methods to estimate DEE in free-ranging meerkats (Suricata suricatta), and compared model estimates with published DEE measurements made using doubly labelled water (DLW) on the same meerkat population. RESULTS ACTIWAKE's DEE estimates did not differ significantly from DLW (t(19) = - 1.25; P = 0.22), while ACTIREST24's estimates did (t(19) = - 2.38; P = 0.028). Both models underestimated DEE compared to DLW: ACTIWAKE by 14% and ACTIREST by 26%. The inter-individual spread in model estimates of DEE (s.d. 1-2% of mean) was lower than that in DLW (s.d. 33% of mean). CONCLUSIONS We found that linear locomotion-based calibration applied to the waking period, and a 'flat' resting metabolic rate applied to the sleeping period can provide realistic joule estimates of DEE in terrestrial mammals. The underestimation and lower spread in model estimates compared to DLW likely arise because the accelerometer only captures movement-related energy expenditure, whereas DLW is an integrated measure. Our study offers new tools to incorporate body mass (through allometry), and changes in behavioural time budgets and intra-behaviour changes in intensity (through DBA) in acceleration-based field assessments of daily energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritish Chakravarty
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Constance, Germany.
| | - Gabriele Cozzi
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Kalahari Research Centre, Kuruman River Reserve, Van Zylsrus, 8467, South Africa
| | | | - Arpat Ozgul
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Kalahari Research Centre, Kuruman River Reserve, Van Zylsrus, 8467, South Africa
| | - Kamiar Aminian
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Li H, Lynn HS, Zipunnikov V. Sex and Age Differences in Association between Physical Activity and Metabolic Syndrome: Results from NHANES 2003-2006. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11081059. [PMID: 37107893 PMCID: PMC10138137 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11081059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether and how sex and age modify the association between accelerometer-based physical activity (PA) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among American (US) adults. METHOD Adults aged ≥20 years old who participated in the mobile center examination during 2003-2006 in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included for analysis. The total minutes per day of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was estimated using ActiGraph. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of having MetS at an increasing MVPA time. The modification effects of gender and age on the association between MetS and MVPA time were examined by testing for two-way and three-way interaction terms of MVPA time, sex, and age in the model after adjusting for relevant covariates. RESULTS The prevalence of MetS generally decreased with the MVPA time and was lower in females than in males, although the sex difference varied across age groups. After adjusting for demographic and lifestyle covariates, there was a significant sex difference in how an increased MVPA time lowered the odds of MetS. This interactive effect also varied with age. MVPA benefitted young and middle-age populations up until about 65 years old for both sexes, and the protective effect weakened with age. Although the effect of MVPA was stronger for males than females at young ages, the rate at which it attenuated was quicker in males. The OR of MetS between males and females per unit change of MVPA time was 0.73 (95% CI: [0.57, 0.93]) at age = 25 years, compared to OR = 1.00 (95% CI: [0.88, 1.16]) at age = 60 years. Before the age of 50, the gender difference in the protective effect on MetS was larger at low MVPA levels and became smaller at higher MVPA levels. The male advantage was quite stable with an increasing MVPA time for ages 50-60, and no longer significant at older ages. CONCLUSIONS Young and middle-age populations benefitted from MVPA, lowering the risk of MetS for both sexes. A longer MVPA time was associated with a greater decrease in the risk of MetS in young men than in women, but the sex difference reduced with age and was no longer apparent in older populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanying Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Henry S Lynn
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Vadim Zipunnikov
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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15
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Associations between Intra-Assessment Resting Metabolic Rate Variability and Health-Related Factors. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121218. [PMID: 36557256 PMCID: PMC9781460 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, the variation in resting metabolic rate (RMR) might be associated with health-related factors, as suggested by previous studies. This study explored whether the intra-assessment RMR variability (expressed as a coefficient of variation (CV; %)) is similar in men and women and if it is similarly associated with diverse health-related factors. The RMR of 107 young, and relatively healthy adults, was assessed using indirect calorimetry. Then, the CV for volumes of oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and resting energy expenditure (REE) were computed as indicators of intra-assessment RMR variability. Body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness (peak VO2 uptake), circulating cardiometabolic risk factors, and heart rate and its variability (HR and HRV) were assessed. Men presented higher CVs for VO2, VCO2, and REE (all p ≤ 0.001) compared to women. Furthermore, in men, the intra-assessment RER variability was associated with vagal-related HRV parameters and with mean HR (standardized β = −0.36, −0.38, and 0.41, respectively; all p < 0.04). In contrast, no associations were observed in women. In conclusion, men exhibited higher variability (CVs for VO2, VCO2, and REE) compared to women. The CV for RER could be a potential marker of cardiometabolic risk in young men.
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Güzel Y, Turnagöl H, Atakan M, Bulut S, Hazır T, Koşar Ş. Metabolic equivalent of task and the accuracy of resting metabolic rate prediction equations in inactive, healthy postmenopausal women with overweight and obesity. Sci Sports 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Dörner R, Hägele FA, Koop J, Rising R, Foerster T, Olsen T, Hasler M, Müller MJ, Bosy-Westphal A. Validation of energy expenditure and macronutrient oxidation measured by two new whole-room indirect calorimeters. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:1796-1805. [PMID: 35927795 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to validate two new whole-room indirfect calorimeters according to Room Indirect Calorimetry Operating and Reporting Standards (RICORS 1.0). METHODS For technical validation, 16 propane combustion tests were performed to determine accuracy and precision of energy expenditure (EE) and ventilation rates of oxygen (VO2 ), carbon dioxide (VCO2 ), and respiratory exchange ratio (VCO2 /VO2 ). For biological validation, eight participants (mean [SD], age 24.1 [2.5] years; BMI 24.3 [3.1] kg/m2 ) underwent four 24-hour protocols under highly standardized conditions: (1) isocaloric sedentary, (2) fasting sedentary, (3) isocaloric active, and (4) fasting active. Reliability (coefficients of variation [CV]) and minimal detectable changes (MDC) were calculated for 24-hour EE, sleeping metabolic rate (SMR), physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE), thermic effect of food (TEF), and macronutrient oxidation rates. RESULTS Technical validation showed high reliability and recovery rates for VO2 (0.75% and 100.8%, respectively), VCO2 (0.49% and 100.6%), and EE (0.54% and 98.2%). Biological validation revealed CV and MDC for active conditions of 1.4% and 4.3% for 24-hour EE, 1.7% and 5.9% for SMR, and 30.2% and 38.4% for TEF, as well as 5.8% and 10.5% for PAEE, respectively. Mean CV and MDC for macronutrient oxidation rates were 9.9% and 22.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The precision of 24-hour EE and SMR was high, whereas it was lower for PAEE and poor for TEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Dörner
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Franziska A Hägele
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jana Koop
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mario Hasler
- Applied Statistic, Agricultural and Food Economics Faculty, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Manfred J Müller
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
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Soares M, Zhao Y, Calton E, Pathak K, Chan She Ping-Delfos W, Cummings N, Nsatimba P. The Impact of the Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components on Resting Energy Expenditure. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080722. [PMID: 36005594 PMCID: PMC9414919 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the increasing number of its components influenced the resting energy expenditure (REE). Data on adult men (n = 72, 40%) and women (n = 108, 60%) from European (n = 154, 86%) and Sub-Saharan African (n = 26, 14%) ancestry were used. Ninety-five (53%) participants had MetS (MetS+), while 85 (47%) were without MetS (MetS−). REE was determined through indirect calorimetry, body composition by DEXA, and clinical biochemistry by standard laboratory techniques. MetS+ had a significantly higher REE (mean ± se: MetS+: 5995 ± 87.3 vs. MetS−: 5760 ± 86.3 kJ/d, p = 0.025) when adjusted for age, gender, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), ethnicity, season, 25OHD, insulin sensitivity, and time of data collection. Within each MetS status group, an increase in the number of components (C) resulted in a stepwise increase in REE. Relative to zero components, those with 1C had adjusted REE higher by +526 ± 248.1 kJ/d (p = 0.037), while 2C were higher than 1C by +298 ± 140.8 kJ/d (p = 0.037). Similarly, relative to 3C, those with 4C had REE higher by +242 ± 120.7 kJ/d (p = 0.049). The higher REE of 5C over 4C by 132 ± 174.5 kJ/d did not achieve statistical significance. MetS was associated with a significantly higher REE. This greater energetic cost varied directly with the numbers of its components but was most evident in those not diagnosed with the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Soares
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Yun Zhao
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Emily Calton
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Kaveri Pathak
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | | | - Nicola Cummings
- WA Eating Disorder Specialist Service, Mental Health, Public Health and Dental Services, Perth, WA 6003, Australia
| | - Patience Nsatimba
- Nursing Directorate, Pantang Hospital, Greater Accra, Accra GA184, Ghana
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Examination of an extended sociocultural model of lifestyle physical activity among men and women. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03475-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Limon-Miro AT, Jackson CD, Eslamparast T, Yamanaka-Okumura H, Plank LD, Henry CJ, Madden AM, Ferreira LG, Kalaitzakis E, Prieto de Frías C, Knudsen AW, Gramlich L, Raman M, Alberda C, Belland D, Den Heyer V, Tandon P, Morgan MY. Predicted estimates of resting energy expenditure have limited clinical utility in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2022; 77:98-107. [PMID: 35090958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Malnutrition is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with cirrhosis. Accurate assessment of energy requirements is needed to optimize dietary intake. Resting energy expenditure (REE), the major component of total energy expenditure, can be measured using indirect calorimetry (mREE) or estimated using prediction equations (pREE). This study assessed the usefulness of predicted estimates of REE in this patient population. METHODS Individual mREE data were available for 900 patients with cirrhosis (mean [±1 SD] age 55.7±11.6 years-old; 70% men; 52% south-east Asian) and 282 healthy controls (mean age 36.0±12.8 years-old; 52% men; 18% south-east Asian). Metabolic status was classified using thresholds based on the mean ± 1 SD of the mREE in the healthy controls. Comparisons were made between mREE and pREE estimates obtained using the Harris-Benedict, Mifflin, Schofield and Henry equations. Stepwise regression was used to build 3 new prediction models which included sex, ethnicity, body composition measures, and model for end-stage liver disease scores. RESULTS The mean mREE was significantly higher in patients than controls when referenced to dry body weight (22.4±3.8 cf. 20.8±2.6 kcal/kg/24 hr; p <0.001); there were no significant sex differences. The mean mREE was significantly higher in Caucasian than Asian patients (23.1±4.4 cf. 21.7±2.9 kcal/kg/24 hr; p <0.001). Overall, 37.1% of Caucasian and 25.3% of Asian patients were classified as hypermetabolic. The differences between mREE and pREE were both statistically and clinically relevant; in the total patient population, pREE estimates ranged from 501 kcal/24 hr less to 548 kcal/24 hr more than the mREE. Newly derived prediction equations provided better estimates of mREE but still had limited clinical utility. CONCLUSIONS Prediction equations do not provide useful estimates of REE in patients with cirrhosis. REE should be directly measured. LAY SUMMARY People with cirrhosis are often malnourished and this has a detrimental effect on outcome. Provision of an adequate diet is very important and is best achieved by measuring daily energy requirements and adjusting dietary intake accordingly. Prediction equations, which use information on age, sex, weight, and height can be used to estimate energy requirements; however, the results they provide are not accurate enough for clinical use, particularly as they vary according to sex and ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clive Douglas Jackson
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Hisami Yamanaka-Okumura
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | | | - Angela Mary Madden
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Livia Garcia Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Brazil
| | - Evangelos Kalaitzakis
- Gastro Unit, Division of Endoscopy, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Denmark; Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Anne Wilkens Knudsen
- Gastrounit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital - Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Leah Gramlich
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Maitreyi Raman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cathy Alberda
- Royal Alexandra Hospital, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dawn Belland
- University of Alberta Hospital, Alberta Health Services Nutrition Services, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Vanessa Den Heyer
- University of Alberta Hospital, Alberta Health Services Nutrition Services, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Puneeta Tandon
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
| | - Marsha Yvonne Morgan
- UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, UK.
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21
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Pagano AP, Ford KL, Porter Starr KN, Kiss N, Steed H, Kung JY, Elango R, Prado CM. Energy Metabolism in Gynecological Cancers: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116419. [PMID: 35682004 PMCID: PMC9180127 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Determining energy requirements is vital for optimizing nutrition interventions in pro-catabolic conditions such as cancer. Gynecological cancer encompasses the most common malignancies in women, yet there is a paucity of research on its metabolic implications. The aim of this review was to explore the literature related to energy metabolism in gynecological cancers. We were particularly interested in exploring the prevalence of energy metabolism abnormalities, methodological approaches used to assess energy metabolism, and clinical implications of inaccurately estimating energy needs. A search strategy was conducted from inception to 27 July 2021. Studies investigating energy metabolism using accurate techniques in adults with any stage of gynecological cancer and the type of treatment were considered. Of the 874 articles screened for eligibility, five studies were included. The definition of energy metabolism abnormalities varied among studies. Considering this limitation, four of the five studies reported hypermetabolism. One of these studies found that hypermetabolism was more prevalent in ovarian compared to cervical cancer. Of the included studies, one reported normometabolism at the group level; individual-level values were not reported. One of the studies reported hypermetabolism pre- and post-treatment, but normometabolism when re-assessed two years post-treatment. No studies explored clinical implications of inaccurately estimating energy needs. Overall, commonly used equations may not accurately predict energy expenditure in gynecological cancers, which can profoundly impact nutritional assessment and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Pagano
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (A.P.P.); (K.L.F.)
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Katherine L. Ford
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (A.P.P.); (K.L.F.)
| | - Kathryn N. Porter Starr
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA;
- Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Nicole Kiss
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong 3217, Australia;
| | - Helen Steed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Janice Y. Kung
- John W. Scott Health Sciences Library, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada;
| | - Rajavel Elango
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada;
| | - Carla M. Prado
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (A.P.P.); (K.L.F.)
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-492-7934
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22
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Gasser B, Frei A, Niederseer D, Catuogno S, Frey WO, Flück M. Variability in the Aerobic Fitness-Related Dependence on Respiratory Processes During Muscle Work Is Associated With the ACE-I/D Genotype. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:814974. [PMID: 35663500 PMCID: PMC9161700 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.814974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The efficiency of aerobic energy provision to working skeletal muscle is affected by aerobic fitness and a prominent insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE-I/D) gene for the major modulator of tissue perfusion. We assessed whether variability in the fitness state is dependent on the contribution of multiple aspects of oxygen transport to the development of muscle power, and the respective control coefficients, are associated with the ACE-I/D genotype. Methods Twenty-five women and 19 men completed a ramp test of cycling exercise to exhaustion during which serial steps of oxygen transport [oxygen uptake (L O2 min−1) (VO2), minute ventilation in (L min−1) (VE), cardiac output in equivalents of L min−1 (Q), arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2), and total hemoglobin concentration (g dL−1) (THb) in Musculus vastus lateralis and Musculus gastrocnemius, respiration exchange ratio (RER)], blood lactate and glucose concentration, were continuously monitored. The contribution/reliance of power output (PO) on the parameters of oxygen transport was estimated based on the slopes in Pearson's moment correlations (|r| > 0.65, p < 0.05) vs. power values over the work phase of the ramp test, and for respective fractional changes per time (defining control coefficients) over the rest, work, and recovery phase of the ramp test. Associations of variability in slopes and control coefficients with the genotype and aerobic fitness were evaluated with ANOVA. Results All parameters characterizing aspects of the pathway of oxygen, except THb, presented strong linear relationships [(|r| > 0.70) to PO]. Metabolic efficiency was 30% higher in the aerobically fit subjects [peak oxygen uptake (mL O2 min−1) (VO2peak) ≥ 50 ml min−1 kg−1], and energy expenditure at rest was associated with the fitness state × ACE-I/D genotype, being highest in the fit non-carriers of the ACE D-allele. For VO2, VE, and RER the power-related slopes of linear relationships during work demonstrated an association with aerobic fitness, being 30–40% steeper in the aerobically fit than unfit subjects. For VE the power-related slope also demonstrated an association with the ACE-I/D genotype. For increasing deficit in muscle oxygen saturation (DSmO2) in Musculus vastus lateralis (DSmO2 Vas), the power-related slope was associated with the interaction between aerobic fitness × ACE-I/D genotype. Conclusion Local and systemic aspects of aerobic energy provision stand under influence of the fitness state and ACE-I/D genotype. This especially concerns the association with the index of the muscle's mitochondrial respiration (SmO2) which compares to the genetic influences of endurance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Gasser
- Departement für Bewegung und Sport, Universität Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Benedikt Gasser
| | - Annika Frei
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Niederseer
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Catuogno
- Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter O. Frey
- Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Flück
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport, Macolin, Switzerland
- Martin Flück
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23
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Ferrulli A, Gandini S, Cammarata G, Redaelli V, Massarini S, Macrì C, Terruzzi I, Cannavaro D, Luzi F, Luzi L. Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation in combination with skin thermography in obesity: a window on sympathetic nervous system. Acta Diabetol 2022; 59:729-742. [PMID: 35174415 PMCID: PMC8995296 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-022-01859-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Obesity is known to be associated with an altered thermoregulation as well as a dysregulation of sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Considering the ability of deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) to modulate the SNS, we hypothesized a potential role of dTMS in affecting thermoregulation in obesity. Aims of the study were to monitor the effect of a single session of dTMS on body temperature in subjects with obesity, and to correlate the dTMS-induced changes in body temperature with activation of the SNS (epinephrine and norepinephrine release). METHODS Twenty-nine subjects with obesity [5 M, 24 F; age 50 (IQR: 58, 38) yrs; BMI 36.1 (IQR: 33.9, 38.7) kg/m2] were randomized into 2 groups receiving a single session of high frequency stimulation (HF) or sham stimulation. Under neutral thermal conditions, infrared thermography was utilized to assess bilateral fingernail-beds and abdominal temperature. RESULTS During a single session HF, the average temperature of both fingernail-beds decreased. Right-hand temperature difference was statistically greater in HF vs Sham: median = - 1.45 (IQR: - 2.0, - 1.0) °C for HF, p = 0.009. While temperature variation in the fingernail-bed of left hand was not statistically significant in HF compared to Sham: median = - 1.26 (IQR: - 1.6, -0.5) °C, p = 0.064. Concurrently, when estimating the effect of norepinephrine variation on temperature change of fingernail-bed of left hand, a borderline significant positive association was estimated (beta = 1.09, p = 0.067) in HF. CONCLUSIONS Deep TMS revealed to be effective in modulating temperature in subjects with obesity, partially reversing obesity-induced alterations in heat production and dissipation with a potential SNS-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ferrulli
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Via Milanese, N. 300, 20099, Sesto San Giovanni (MI), Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Gandini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Cammarata
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Redaelli
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences - One Health Unit, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Massarini
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Via Milanese, N. 300, 20099, Sesto San Giovanni (MI), Italy
| | - Concetta Macrì
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Via Milanese, N. 300, 20099, Sesto San Giovanni (MI), Italy
| | - Ileana Terruzzi
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Via Milanese, N. 300, 20099, Sesto San Giovanni (MI), Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Cannavaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences - One Health Unit, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Via Milanese, N. 300, 20099, Sesto San Giovanni (MI), Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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24
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Li F, Cui X, Jing J, Wang S, Shi H, Xue B, Shi H. Brown Fat Dnmt3b Deficiency Ameliorates Obesity in Female Mice. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121325. [PMID: 34947856 PMCID: PMC8703316 DOI: 10.3390/life11121325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity results from a chronic energy imbalance due to energy intake exceeding energy expenditure. Activation of brown fat thermogenesis has been shown to combat obesity. Epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation, has emerged as a key regulator of brown fat thermogenic function. Here we aimed to study the role of Dnmt3b, a DNA methyltransferase involved in de novo DNA methylation, in the regulation of brown fat thermogenesis and obesity. We found that the specific deletion of Dnmt3b in brown fat promotes the thermogenic and mitochondrial program in brown fat, enhances energy expenditure, and decreases adiposity in female mice fed a regular chow diet. With a lean phenotype, the female knockout mice also exhibit increased insulin sensitivity. In addition, Dnmt3b deficiency in brown fat also prevents diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in female mice. Interestingly, our RNA-seq analysis revealed an upregulation of the PI3K-Akt pathway in the brown fat of female Dnmt3b knockout mice. However, male Dnmt3b knockout mice have no change in their body weight, suggesting the existence of sexual dimorphism in the brown fat Dnmt3b knockout model. Our data demonstrate that Dnmt3b plays an important role in the regulation of brown fat function, energy metabolism and obesity in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Li
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (F.L.); (X.C.); (J.J.); (S.W.)
| | - Xin Cui
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (F.L.); (X.C.); (J.J.); (S.W.)
| | - Jia Jing
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (F.L.); (X.C.); (J.J.); (S.W.)
| | - Shirong Wang
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (F.L.); (X.C.); (J.J.); (S.W.)
| | - Huidong Shi
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Bingzhong Xue
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (F.L.); (X.C.); (J.J.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (B.X.); (H.S.)
| | - Hang Shi
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (F.L.); (X.C.); (J.J.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (B.X.); (H.S.)
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25
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Li F, Jing J, Movahed M, Cui X, Cao Q, Wu R, Chen Z, Yu L, Pan Y, Shi H, Shi H, Xue B. Epigenetic interaction between UTX and DNMT1 regulates diet-induced myogenic remodeling in brown fat. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6838. [PMID: 34824202 PMCID: PMC8617140 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27141-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipocytes share the same developmental origin with skeletal muscle. Here we find that a brown adipocyte-to-myocyte remodeling also exists in mature brown adipocytes, and is induced by prolonged high fat diet (HFD) feeding, leading to brown fat dysfunction. This process is regulated by the interaction of epigenetic pathways involving histone and DNA methylation. In mature brown adipocytes, the histone demethylase UTX maintains persistent demethylation of the repressive mark H3K27me3 at Prdm16 promoter, leading to high Prdm16 expression. PRDM16 then recruits DNA methyltransferase DNMT1 to Myod1 promoter, causing Myod1 promoter hypermethylation and suppressing its expression. The interaction between PRDM16 and DNMT1 coordinately serves to maintain brown adipocyte identity while repressing myogenic remodeling in mature brown adipocytes, thus promoting their active brown adipocyte thermogenic function. Suppressing this interaction by HFD feeding induces brown adipocyte-to-myocyte remodeling, which limits brown adipocyte thermogenic capacity and compromises diet-induced thermogenesis, leading to the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Li
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Jia Jing
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Miranda Movahed
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Xin Cui
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Qiang Cao
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Rui Wu
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Ziyue Chen
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Liqing Yu
- grid.411024.20000 0001 2175 4264Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Yi Pan
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA ,grid.458489.c0000 0001 0483 7922Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 P.R. China
| | - Huidong Shi
- grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912 USA ,grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Hang Shi
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Bingzhong Xue
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
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26
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Wang Y, Liu R, Jin R, He Z, Chen Y, Ma Z, Sun Y. Metabolic Low-Frequency Oscillation and Abbreviated Protocol for Estimating REE by Indirect Calorimetry in Healthy Adults. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:1792-1798. [PMID: 34647830 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00554.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to propose a new wave protocol to identify low-frequency oscillations for evaluating resting energy expenditure (REE) and compare its performance with the 5-minute interval abbreviated protocol and standard protocol. RESEARCH METHODS & PROCEDURES Consecutive 20-minute indirect calorimetry (IC) was used to collect metabolic data from 23 women and 37 men (between 23 and 43 years old). Sliding window filter algorithms were used to eliminate noise. Three protocols were used to evaluate REE: averaging the data between two consecutive waves (wave protocol), averaging the second 5-minute intervals (interval protocol), and averaging the last 15-minute REE (standard protocol). RESULTS Based on 60 healthy participants' metabolic data, compared with the interval protocol, the wave protocol showed better consistency with the standard protocol. The mean bias (limits of agreement) using the wave protocol was 0.3458% (-7.817% to 8.509%), and that using the interval protocol was -1.720% (-16.06% to 12.62%). The time required to evaluate REE with the wave protocol and interval protocol was measured. The measurement time for the interval protocol was 10 minutes, while the average measurement time for the wave protocol was 9.75 minutes. CONCLUSIONS We recommend the wave protocol for estimating REE in healthy people. This abbreviated protocol can identify low-frequency oscillations and consider individual differences to more accurately reflect the baseline REE compared to the interval protocol. Compared with the standard protocol, the measurement time of the wave protocol was reduced by nearly half (from 20 minutes (standard protocol) to 9.75 minutes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Science Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei, China
| | - Ruide Liu
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Science Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Jin
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Zijun He
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Zuchang Ma
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yining Sun
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
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27
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Purcell SA, Marker RJ, Cornier MA, Melanson EL. Dietary Intake and Energy Expenditure in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103394. [PMID: 34684403 PMCID: PMC8540510 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many breast cancer survivors (BCS) gain fat mass and lose fat-free mass during treatment (chemotherapy, radiation, surgery) and estrogen suppression therapy, which increases the risk of developing comorbidities. Whether these body composition alterations are a result of changes in dietary intake, energy expenditure, or both is unclear. Thus, we reviewed studies that have measured components of energy balance in BCS who have completed treatment. Longitudinal studies suggest that BCS reduce self-reported energy intake and increase fruit and vegetable consumption. Although some evidence suggests that resting metabolic rate is higher in BCS than in age-matched controls, no study has measured total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) in this population. Whether physical activity levels are altered in BCS is unclear, but evidence suggests that light-intensity physical activity is lower in BCS compared to age-matched controls. We also discuss the mechanisms through which estrogen suppression may impact energy balance and develop a theoretical framework of dietary intake and TDEE interactions in BCS. Preclinical and human experimental studies indicate that estrogen suppression likely elicits increased energy intake and decreased TDEE, although this has not been systematically investigated in BCS specifically. Estrogen suppression may modulate energy balance via alterations in appetite, fat-free mass, resting metabolic rate, and physical activity. There are several potential areas for future mechanistic energetic research in BCS (e.g., characterizing predictors of intervention response, appetite, dynamic changes in energy balance, and differences in cancer sub-types) that would ultimately support the development of more targeted and personalized behavioral interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Purcell
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.-A.C.); (E.L.M.)
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ryan J. Marker
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Marc-Andre Cornier
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.-A.C.); (E.L.M.)
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Edward L. Melanson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.-A.C.); (E.L.M.)
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Farmer BC, Williams HC, Devanney NA, Piron MA, Nation GK, Carter DJ, Walsh AE, Khanal R, Young LEA, Kluemper JC, Hernandez G, Allenger EJ, Mooney R, Golden LR, Smith CT, Brandon JA, Gupta VA, Kern PA, Gentry MS, Morganti JM, Sun RC, Johnson LA. APOΕ4 lowers energy expenditure in females and impairs glucose oxidation by increasing flux through aerobic glycolysis. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:62. [PMID: 34488832 PMCID: PMC8420022 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00483-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral glucose hypometabolism is consistently observed in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as well as in young cognitively normal carriers of the Ε4 allele of Apolipoprotein E (APOE), the strongest genetic predictor of late-onset AD. While this clinical feature has been described for over two decades, the mechanism underlying these changes in cerebral glucose metabolism remains a critical knowledge gap in the field. Methods Here, we undertook a multi-omic approach by combining single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and stable isotope resolved metabolomics (SIRM) to define a metabolic rewiring across astrocytes, brain tissue, mice, and human subjects expressing APOE4. Results Single-cell analysis of brain tissue from mice expressing human APOE revealed E4-associated decreases in genes related to oxidative phosphorylation, particularly in astrocytes. This shift was confirmed on a metabolic level with isotopic tracing of 13C-glucose in E4 mice and astrocytes, which showed decreased pyruvate entry into the TCA cycle and increased lactate synthesis. Metabolic phenotyping of E4 astrocytes showed elevated glycolytic activity, decreased oxygen consumption, blunted oxidative flexibility, and a lower rate of glucose oxidation in the presence of lactate. Together, these cellular findings suggest an E4-associated increase in aerobic glycolysis (i.e. the Warburg effect). To test whether this phenomenon translated to APOE4 humans, we analyzed the plasma metabolome of young and middle-aged human participants with and without the Ε4 allele, and used indirect calorimetry to measure whole body oxygen consumption and energy expenditure. In line with data from E4-expressing female mice, a subgroup analysis revealed that young female E4 carriers showed a striking decrease in energy expenditure compared to non-carriers. This decrease in energy expenditure was primarily driven by a lower rate of oxygen consumption, and was exaggerated following a dietary glucose challenge. Further, the stunted oxygen consumption was accompanied by markedly increased lactate in the plasma of E4 carriers, and a pathway analysis of the plasma metabolome suggested an increase in aerobic glycolysis. Conclusions Together, these results suggest astrocyte, brain and system-level metabolic reprogramming in the presence of APOE4, a ‘Warburg like’ endophenotype that is observable in young females decades prior to clinically manifest AD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13024-021-00483-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon C Farmer
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, UKMC/MS 609, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Holden C Williams
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, UKMC/MS 609, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Nicholas A Devanney
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, UKMC/MS 609, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Margaret A Piron
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, UKMC/MS 609, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Grant K Nation
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, UKMC/MS 609, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - David J Carter
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, UKMC/MS 609, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Adeline E Walsh
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, UKMC/MS 609, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Rebika Khanal
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, UKMC/MS 609, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Lyndsay E A Young
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jude C Kluemper
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, UKMC/MS 609, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Gabriela Hernandez
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, UKMC/MS 609, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Allenger
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, UKMC/MS 609, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Rachel Mooney
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, UKMC/MS 609, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Lesley R Golden
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, UKMC/MS 609, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Cathryn T Smith
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, UKMC/MS 609, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - J Anthony Brandon
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, UKMC/MS 609, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Vedant A Gupta
- Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Philip A Kern
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Matthew S Gentry
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Josh M Morganti
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ramon C Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lance A Johnson
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, UKMC/MS 609, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA. .,Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Body Image Quality of Life Related to Light Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior among Young Adults with Overweight/Obesity. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:bs11080111. [PMID: 34436101 PMCID: PMC8389257 DOI: 10.3390/bs11080111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sedentary behaviors, low levels of physical activity (PA), and low body image quality of life have been identified during college years and associated with poor health outcomes. Public health efforts have recently focused on decreasing sedentary time by increasing light physical activity, both of which have been associated with body image quality of life, though mainly through self-report. In this cross-sectional study, we examined objective actigraphy and survey data from 404 of 459 young adults with overweight and obesity (mean age 23.3 ± 4.4 years, 78.4% female, 55.4% white). PA was measured using an accelerometer worn during waking hours for >10 h/day for four days. Body image quality of life was assessed using the Body Image Quality of Life Inventory Scale. Body image was positively correlated with light PA (r = 0.15) and inversely correlated with BMI (Pearson's r = -0.20) and sedentary time (r = -0.10), but not moderate PA, vigorous PA, or MVPA. Light PA and sedentary time were significantly inversely correlated (r = -0.38). When controlling for covariates, higher body image quality of life was significantly associated with higher levels of light PA (β = 0.39; p < 0.01) and lower sedentary time (β = -0.39; p = 0.02). Participants with lower body image quality of life enrolled in weight loss interventions may benefit from prescriptions of light PA in conjunction with decreasing sedentary behaviors.
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Wang S, Cao Q, Cui X, Jing J, Li F, Shi H, Xue B, Shi H. Dnmt3b Deficiency in Myf5 +-Brown Fat Precursor Cells Promotes Obesity in Female Mice. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1087. [PMID: 34439754 PMCID: PMC8393658 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing energy expenditure through activation of brown fat thermogenesis is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of obesity. Epigenetic regulation has emerged as a key player in regulating brown fat development and thermogenic program. Here, we aimed to study the role of DNA methyltransferase 3b (Dnmt3b), a DNA methyltransferase involved in de novo DNA methylation, in the regulation of brown fat function and energy homeostasis. We generated a genetic model with Dnmt3b deletion in brown fat-skeletal lineage precursor cells (3bKO mice) by crossing Dnmt3b-floxed (fl/fl) mice with Myf5-Cre mice. Female 3bKO mice are prone to diet-induced obesity, which is associated with decreased energy expenditure. Dnmt3b deficiency also impairs cold-induced thermogenic program in brown fat. Surprisingly, further RNA-seq analysis reveals a profound up-regulation of myogenic markers in brown fat of 3bKO mice, suggesting a myocyte-like remodeling in brown fat. Further motif enrichment and pyrosequencing analysis suggests myocyte enhancer factor 2C (Mef2c) as a mediator for the myogenic alteration in Dnmt3b-deficient brown fat, as indicated by decreased methylation at its promoter. Our data demonstrate that brown fat Dnmt3b is a key regulator of brown fat development, energy metabolism and obesity in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirong Wang
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (S.W.); (Q.C.); (X.C.); (J.J.); (F.L.)
| | - Qiang Cao
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (S.W.); (Q.C.); (X.C.); (J.J.); (F.L.)
| | - Xin Cui
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (S.W.); (Q.C.); (X.C.); (J.J.); (F.L.)
| | - Jia Jing
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (S.W.); (Q.C.); (X.C.); (J.J.); (F.L.)
| | - Fenfen Li
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (S.W.); (Q.C.); (X.C.); (J.J.); (F.L.)
| | - Huidong Shi
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Bingzhong Xue
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (S.W.); (Q.C.); (X.C.); (J.J.); (F.L.)
| | - Hang Shi
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (S.W.); (Q.C.); (X.C.); (J.J.); (F.L.)
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Comparison of total and activity energy expenditure estimates from physical activity questionnaires and doubly labelled water: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr 2021; 125:983-997. [PMID: 32718378 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520003049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity questionnaires (PAQ) could be suitable tools in free-living people for measures of physical activity, total and activity energy expenditure (TEE and AEE). This meta-analysis was performed to determine valid PAQ for estimating TEE and AEE using doubly labelled water (DLW). We identified data from relevant studies by searching Google Scholar, PubMed and Scopus databases. This revealed thirty-eight studies that had validated PAQ with DLW and reported the mean differences between PAQ and DLW measures of TEE (TEEDLW - TEEPAQ) and AEE (AEEDLW - AEEPAQ). We assessed seventy-eight PAQ consisting of fifty-nine PAQ that assessed TEE and thirty-five PAQ that examined AEE. There was no significant difference between TEEPAQ and TEEDLW with a weighted mean difference of -243·3 and a range of -841·4 to 354·6 kJ/d, and a significant weighted mean difference of AEEDLW - AEE PAQ 414·6 and a range of 78·7-750·5. To determine whether any PAQ was a valid tool for estimating TEE and AEE, we carried out a subgroup analysis by type of PAQ. Only Active-Q, administered in two seasons, and 3-d PA diaries were correlated with TEE by DLW at the population level; however, these two PAQ did not demonstrate an acceptable limit of agreement at individual level. For AEE, no PAQ was correlated with DLW either at the population or at the individual levels. Active-Q and 3-d PA diaries were identified as the only valid PAQ for TEE estimation. Further well-designed studies are needed to verify this result and identify additional valid PAQ.
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Comparison of Energy Expenditure Observed between Scheduled Activities in Collegiate Team-Sport Female Athletes. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9040050. [PMID: 33918193 PMCID: PMC8066138 DOI: 10.3390/sports9040050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy needs of female team-sport athletes are poorly understood with no evidence highlighting differences present between scheduled activities. The purpose of this study was to examine the difference in energy expenditure between NCAA Division II female basketball (BBALL) and lacrosse (LAX) athletes during different scheduled team activities. Female BBALL (n = 13; 19.8 ± 1.3 yrs; 173.9 ± 13.6 cm; 74.6 ± 9.1kg; 27.1 ± 3.2%fat) and LAX (n = 20; 20.4 ± 1.8yrs; 168.4 ± 6.6cm; 68.8 ± 8.9kg; 27.9 ± 3.1%fat) athletes were outfitted with heart rate and activity monitors during four consecutive days on five different occasions (20 days total) across an entire academic year to assess differences in total daily activity energy expenditure (TDEE), activity energy expenditure (AEE), and physical activity level (PAL). Data were categorized by type of scheduled daily activities: Practice, Game, Conditioning, or Off. Independent of day type, TDEE, AEE, and PAL levels were greater (p < 0.05) in BBALL athletes. For each sport, TDEE, AEE, and PAL were significantly different (p < 0.05) between classified activity days. BBALL and LAX athletes experienced higher values on game days for TDEE, AEE, and PAL, with the lowest values experienced on off days. In conclusion, calculated levels of TDEE, AEE, and PAL in female collegiate BBALL and LAX athletes were determined to be different, irrespective of the scheduled activity.
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Monteze NM, Rodrigues AMDS, Fagundes GBP, Martins LB, Correia MITD, Santos LC, Teixeira AL, Ferreira AVM. Low accuracy of predictive equations for resting metabolic rate in overweight women after weight loss. CLINICAL NUTRITION OPEN SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Martínez-Gómez MG, Roberts BM. Metabolic Adaptations to Weight Loss: A Brief Review. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 36:2970-2981. [PMID: 33677461 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Martínez-Gómez, MG and Roberts, BM. Metabolic adaptations to weight loss: A brief review. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2021-As the scientific literature has continuously shown, body mass loss attempts do not always follow a linear fashion nor always go as expected even when the intervention is calculated with precise tools. One of the main reasons why this tends to happen relies on our body's biological drive to regain the body mass we lose to survive. This phenomenon has been referred to as "metabolic adaptation" many times in the literature and plays a very relevant role in the management of obesity and human weight loss. This review will provide insights into some of the theoretical models for the etiology of metabolic adaptation as well as a quick look into the physiological and endocrine mechanisms that underlie it. Nutritional strategies and dietetic tools are thus necessary to confront these so-called adaptations to body mass loss. Among some of these strategies, we can highlight increasing protein needs, opting for high-fiber foods or programming-controlled diet refeeds, and diet breaks over a large body mass loss phase. Outside the nutritional aspects, it might be wise to increase the physical activity and thus the energy flux of an individual when possible to maintain diet-induced body mass loss in the long term. This review will examine these protocols and their viability in the context of adherence and sustainability for the individual toward successful body mass loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario G Martínez-Gómez
- CarloSportNutrition, Spain; and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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35
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Alsaif M, Triador L, Colin-Ramirez E, Elliott S, Mackenzie ML, Field CJ, Prado CM, Haqq AM. Effect of High-Protein Diet on Postprandial Energy Expenditure in Children with Prader-Willi Syndrome: A Pilot and Feasibility Study. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab016. [PMID: 33817544 PMCID: PMC7994067 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of measuring a postprandial increase in energy expenditure (ΔEE) using a state-of-the-art whole-body calorimetry unit (WBCU) in children and youth with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Five participants (aged 10-25 y) received both a standard and a high-protein diet in a random order (crossover design). Resting energy expenditure, postprandial ΔEE 6 h after intake of a standard [15% of total energy (TE)] and a high-protein (30% TE) meal, and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were measured in a WBCU. No differences were observed in ΔEE comparing the 2 meals. Mean RER was lower following the high-protein meal (0.80 ± 0.01) compared with the standard meal (0.87 ± 0.02) (P = 0.009). Despite the high participant burden, it was feasible to conduct this metabolic test in children and youth with PWS. This study paves the way for further studies targeting EE in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Alsaif
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lucila Triador
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Sarah Elliott
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Michelle L Mackenzie
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andrea M Haqq
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Fagundes GBP, Rodrigues AMDS, Martins LB, Monteze NM, Correia MITD, Teixeira AL, Ferreira AVM. Acute effects of dry extract of ginger on energy expenditure in eutrophic women: A randomized clinical trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 41:168-174. [PMID: 33487261 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The thermic effect of food (TEF) is one of the components of total energy expenditure (TEE). Some bioactive compounds present in food could be useful to increase TEE. In this context, ginger has been extensively used as a thermogenic food despite no clear effect has been demonstrated yet. Herein, we evaluated the acute thermogenic effect of gingerol, a bioactive compound present in ginger, in healthy women. METHODS We carried out a randomized double-masked, cross-over and placebo-controlled clinical trial with 20 healthy eutrophic women. Anthropometric, body composition, indirect calorimetry and clinical variables were collected at baseline and throughout the intervention phase. A standardized breakfast was offered together with two dry extract of ginger capsules (5% gingerol) or a placebo (cellulose). Indirect calorimetry, blood pressure, heart rate, axillary temperature and blood collection were assessed at baseline and thereafter, at 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min postprandial. The analyses were repeated with a minimum of seven days' washout period. RESULTS Ginger intake did not increase the TEF of a standardized breakfast compared to the placebo. Oxygen consumption, respiratory quotient, blood pressure, heart rate, axillary temperature and metabolic profile were not different as well. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that gingerol did not modify the acute TEF in healthy women. More studies in human subjects, using different concentrations of gingerol, administration methods and intervention type (chronic effect) are necessary to clarify the putative thermogenic effect of ginger. Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Thermogenic Effect of Ginger - NCT03089593).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Barbosa Pires Fagundes
- Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Alfredo Balena, 190 Santa Efigênia CEP 30130100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Ana Maria Dos Santos Rodrigues
- Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Alfredo Balena, 190 Santa Efigênia CEP 30130100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Laís Bhering Martins
- Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Alfredo Balena, 190 Santa Efigênia CEP 30130100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Nayara Mussi Monteze
- Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Alfredo Balena, 190 Santa Efigênia CEP 30130100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Maria Isabel Toulson Davisson Correia
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Alfredo Balena, 170 Santa Efigênia CEP 30130100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Medical School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Alfredo Balena, 170 Santa Efigênia CEP 30130100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Adaliene Versiani Matos Ferreira
- Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Alfredo Balena, 190 Santa Efigênia CEP 30130100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Sprowls M, Victor S, Serhan M, Destaillats H, Wheatley-Guy C, Johnson BD, Kulick D, Forzani ES. A system for contact free energy expenditure assessment under free-living conditions: Monitoring metabolism for weight loss using carbon dioxide emission. J Breath Res 2020; 15. [PMID: 33339005 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/abd52f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Weight disorders are strikingly prevalent globally and can contribute to a wide array of potentially fatal diseases spanning from type II diabetes to coronary heart disease. These disorders have a common cause: poor calorie balance. Since energy expenditure (EE) [kcal/day] constitutes one half of the calorie balance equation (the other half being food intake), its measurement could be of great value to those suffering from weight disorders. A technique for contact free assessment of EE is presented, which only relies on CO2 concentration monitoring within a sealed office space, and assessment of carbon dioxide production rate (VCO2). Twenty healthy subjects were tested in a cross-sectional study to evaluate the performance of the aforementioned technique in measuring both resting energy expenditure (REE) and exercise energy expenditure using the proposed system (the "SmartPad") and a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) cleared gold standard reference instrument for EE measurement. For VCO2 and EE measurements, the method showed a correlation slope of 1.00 and 1.03 with regression coefficients of 0.99 and 0.99, respectively, and Bland-Altman plots with a mean bias = -0.232% with respect to the reference instrument. Furthermore, two subjects were also tested as part of a proof-of-concept longitudinal study where EE patterns were simultaneously tracked with body weight, sleep, stress, and step counts using a smartwatch over the course of a month, to determine correlation between the aforementioned parameters and EE. Analysis revealed moderately high correlation coefficients (Pearson's r) for stress (raverage=0.609) and body weight (raverage=0.597) for the 2 subjects. The new Smart Pad method was demonstrated to be a promising technique for energy expenditure measurement under free-living conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Sprowls
- Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, UNITED STATES
| | - Shaun Victor
- Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Hugo Destaillats
- E O Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Bruce D Johnson
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, UNITED STATES
| | - Doina Kulick
- Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, UNITED STATES
| | - Erica S Forzani
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, UNITED STATES
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Dent R, McPherson R, Harper ME. Factors affecting weight loss variability in obesity. Metabolism 2020; 113:154388. [PMID: 33035570 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Current obesity treatment strategies include diet, exercise, bariatric surgery, and a limited but growing repertoire of medications. Individual weight loss in response to each of these strategies is highly variable. Here we review research into factors potentially contributing to inter-individual variability in response to treatments for obesity, with a focus on studies in humans. Well-recognized factors associated with weight loss capacity include diet adherence, physical activity, sex, age, and specific medications. However, following control for each of these, differences in weight loss appear to persist in response to behavioral, pharmacological and surgical interventions. Adaptation to energy deficit involves complex feedback mechanisms, and inter-individual differences likely to arise from a host of poorly defined genetic factors, as well as differential responses in neurohormonal mechanisms (including gastrointestinal peptides), metabolic efficiency and capacity of tissues, non-exercise activity thermogenesis, thermogenic response to food, and in gut microbiome. A better understanding of the factors involved in inter-individual variability in response to therapies will guide more personalized approaches to the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Dent
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, 210 Melrose Ave, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4K7, Canada
| | - Ruth McPherson
- Atherogenomics Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin St., Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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Mukherjee SD, Koch LG, Britton SL, Novak CM. Aerobic capacity modulates adaptive thermogenesis: Contribution of non-resting energy expenditure. Physiol Behav 2020; 225:113048. [PMID: 32628949 PMCID: PMC7594631 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Decreases in energy stores requires negative energy balance where caloric expenditure exceeds energy intake, which can induce adaptive thermogenesis-the reduction of energy expenditure (EE) beyond that accounted for by the weight lost. Adaptive thermogenesis varies between individuals. The component of total daily EE responsible for the interindividual variation in adaptive thermogenesis was investigated in this study, using a rat model that differs in obesity propensity and physical activity. Total daily EE and physical activity were examined before and after 21 days of 50% calorie restriction in male and female rats with lean and obesity-prone phenotypes-rats selectively bred for high and low intrinsic aerobic capacity (HCR and LCR, respectively). Calorie restriction significantly decreased EE more than was predicted by loss of weight and lean mass, demonstrating adaptive thermogenesis. Within sex, HCR and LCR did not significantly differ in resting EE. However, the calorie restriction-induced suppression in non-resting EE, which includes activity EE, was significantly greater in HCR than in LCR; this phenotypic difference was significant for both male and female rats. Calorie restriction also significantly suppressed physical activity levels more in HCR than LCR. When VO2max was assessed in male rats, calorie restriction significantly decreased O2 consumption without significantly affecting running performance (running time, distance), indicating increased energy efficiency. Percent weight loss did not significantly differ between groups. Altogether, these results suggest that individual differences in calorie restriction-induced adaptive thermogenesis may be accounted for by variation in aerobic capacity. Moreover, it is likely that activity EE, not resting or basal metabolism, may explain or predict the variation in individuals' adaptive thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sromona Dudiki Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences; Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Colleen M Novak
- Department of Biological Sciences; School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States
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40
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Kim BR, Kwon H, Chun MY, Park KD, Lim SM, Jeong JH, Kim GH. White Matter Integrity Is Associated With the Amount of Physical Activity in Older Adults With Super-aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:549983. [PMID: 33192451 PMCID: PMC7525045 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.549983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have introduced the concept of “SuperAgers,” defined as older adults with youthful memory performance associated with the increased cortical thickness of the anterior cingulate cortex. Given that age-related structural brain changes are observed earlier in the white matter (WM) than in the cortical areas, we investigated whether WM integrity is different between the SuperAgers (SA) and typical agers (TA) and whether it is associated with superior memory performance as well as a healthy lifestyle. A total of 35 SA and 55 TA were recruited for this study. Further, 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), neuropsychological tests, and lifestyle factors related to cognitive function, such as physical activity and duration of sleep, were evaluated in all participants. SA was defined as individuals demonstrating the youthful performance of verbal and visual memory, as measured by the Seoul Verbal Learning Test (SVLT) and the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT), respectively. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis was used to compare the diffusion values such as fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD) and axial diffusivity (AD) between the SA and TA. SA exhibited better performance in memory, attention, visuospatial, and frontal executive functions than the TA did. SA also exhibited greater amounts of physical activity than the TA did. As compared to TA, SA demonstrated higher FA with lower MD, RD, and AD in the corpus callosum and higher FA and lower RD in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), which is significantly associated with memory function. Interestingly, FA values of the body of corpus callosum were correlated with the amount of physical activity. Our findings suggest that WM integrity of the corpus callosum is associated with superior memory function and a higher level of physical activities in SA compared to TA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bori R Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hunki Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Min Young Chun
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kee Duk Park
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Mee Lim
- Department of Radiology, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jee Hyang Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Geon Ha Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
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41
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Chen S, Scott C, Pearce JV, Farrar JS, Evans RK, Celi FS. An appraisal of whole-room indirect calorimeters and a metabolic cart for measuring resting and active metabolic rates. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14343. [PMID: 32868770 PMCID: PMC7459349 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-room indirect calorimeters (WRICs) have traditionally been used for real-time resting metabolic rate (RMR) measurements, while metabolic rate (MR) during short-interval exercises has commonly been measured by metabolic carts (MCs). This study aims to investigate the feasibility of incorporating short-interval exercises into WRIC study protocols by comparing the performance of WRICs and an MC. We assessed the 40-min RMR of 15 subjects with 2-day repeats and the 10-15 min activity MR (AMR) of 14 subjects at three intensities, using a large WRIC, a small WRIC, and an MC. We evaluated the biases between the instruments and quantified sources of variation using variance component analysis. All three instruments showed good agreement for both RMR (maximum bias = 0.07 kcal/min) and AMR assessment (maximum bias = 0.53 kcal/min). Moreover, the majority of the variability was between-subject and between-intensity variation, whereas the types of instrument contributed only a small amount to total variation in RMR (2%) and AMR (0.2%) data. In Conclusion, the good reproducibility among the instruments indicates that they may be used interchangeably in well-designed studies. Overall, WRICs can serve as an accurate and versatile means of assessing MR, capable of integrating RMR and short-interval AMR assessments into a single protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA. .,Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 East Marshall Street, Sanger Hall, Room 7-007, PO Box 980111, Richmond, VA, 23298-0111, USA.
| | - Cory Scott
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
| | - Janina V Pearce
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 East Marshall Street, Sanger Hall, Room 7-007, PO Box 980111, Richmond, VA, 23298-0111, USA
| | - Jared S Farrar
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 East Marshall Street, Sanger Hall, Room 7-007, PO Box 980111, Richmond, VA, 23298-0111, USA
| | - Ronald K Evans
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
| | - Francesco S Celi
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 East Marshall Street, Sanger Hall, Room 7-007, PO Box 980111, Richmond, VA, 23298-0111, USA.
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42
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Lund Rasmussen C, Johansson MS, Crowley P, Fjeldstad Hendriksen P, Skotte J, Gupta N, Holtermann A. Light-intensity physical activity derived from count or activity types is differently associated with adiposity markers. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:1966-1975. [PMID: 32516858 PMCID: PMC7540429 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to compare the association between count‐ and activity type–based definitions of light‐intensity physical activity (LIPA) and adiposity markers. Methods A total of 516 Danish workers participated in 1‐4 days of hip‐ and thigh‐based accelerometer measurements. Three definitions of average daily time spent in LIPA were derived: LIPA (1) time spent between 100 and 2029 CPM, LIPA (2) time spent moving and slow walking, and LIPA (3) time spent moving, walking slow, and standing. Adiposity markers were body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, and waist circumference. The cross‐sectional association between the three LIPA definitions and adiposity markers was analyzed and interpreted using compositional regression models followed by reallocation of time between LIPA, moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sedentary behavior (SB), respectively. Results The geometric means of daily time (min/day) spent in LIPA 1, LIPA 2, and LIPA 3 were 326, 102, and 274, respectively. We found the direction and strength of the association between the relative importance of daily time spent in LIPA and the adiposity markers to depend on the LIPA definition. For example, reallocating 30 minutes from MVPA to LIPA 1, LIPA 2 and LIPA 3 were associated with a 2.97 (95% CI: 0.68; 5.27), −0.71 (95% CI: −1.43; 0.02), and −0.45 (95% CI: −1.01; 0.11) difference in BMI, respectively. Conclusion Our findings highlight the need for caution when comparing results from studies using different definitions of LIPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Lund Rasmussen
- National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Melker Staffan Johansson
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Patrick Crowley
- National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jørgen Skotte
- National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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43
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Does Exercise Timing Affect 24-Hour Glucose Concentrations in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes? A Follow Up to the Exercise-Physical Activity and Diabetes Glucose Monitoring Study. Can J Diabetes 2020; 44:711-718.e1. [PMID: 32878737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is well known that exercise can improve the glycemic profile in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the optimal timing of exercise is often debated. Our aim in this study was to compare the effects of exercise performed at different times of the day and different timing in relation to meals on 24-hour glucose profiles in people with T2D. METHODS Fourteen individuals with T2D were recruited and wore continuous glucose monitors for 12 days. During the 12 days, participants completed 4 conditions according to a randomized, crossover design: i) morning (fasting) exercise (MorEx), ii) afternoon exercise (AftEx), iii) evening exercise (EveEx) and iv) seated control. Exercise consisted of 50 minutes of walking at 5.0 km/h. RESULTS Eight men and 6 women (age, 65±9.0 years; T2D duration, 10.5±6.8 years; mean glycated hemoglobin, 6.7±0.6%) were included in the analysis. Mean 24-hour continuously monitored glucose was 7.4±0.7 mmol/L, 7.3±0.7 mmol/L, 7.5±0.8 mmol/L and 7.5±0.7 mmol/L in the MorEx, AftEx, EveEx and control conditions, respectively, with no significant differences among the 4 conditions (p=0.55). MorEx had a lower respiratory exchange ratio compared with AftEx and EveEx (p<0.01). The decrease in glucose during exercise was less pronounced for MorEx compared with AftEx (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Fifty minutes of walking at 3 different times of day and at different timing in relation to meals did not lower 24-hour glucose concentrations in people with T2D. The reasons why exercise was not effective at lowering glucose remain unclear.
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Popp CJ, Butler M, Curran M, Illiano P, Sevick MA, St-Jules DE. Evaluating steady-state resting energy expenditure using indirect calorimetry in adults with overweight and obesity. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:2220-2226. [PMID: 31669004 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determining a period of steady state (SS) is recommended when estimating resting energy expenditure (REE) using a metabolic cart. However, this practice may be unnecessarily burdensome and time-consuming in the research setting. AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of SS criteria, and compare it to alternative approaches in adults with overweight and obesity. METHODS In this cross-sectional, ancillary analysis, participants enrolled in a bariatric (study 1; n = 13) and lifestyle (study 2; n = 51) weight loss intervention were included. Indirect calorimetry was performed during baseline measurements using a metabolic cart for 25 min, including a 5-min stabilization period at the start. SS was defined as the first 5-min period with a coefficient of variation (CV) ≤10% for both VO2 and VCO2 (hereafter REE5-SS). Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis in study 2 participants only. REE5-SS was compared against the lowest CV (REECV-lowest), 5-min time intervals (REE6-10, REE11-15, REE16-20, REE21-25), 4-min and 3-min SS intervals (REE4-SS and REE3-SS), and time intervals of 6-15, 6-20 and 6-25 min (REE6-15, REE6-20, and REE6-25) using repeated measures ANOVA and Bland-Altman analysis to test for bias, limits of agreement and accuracy (±6% measured REE). RESULTS Participants were 54 ± 13 years old, mostly women (75%) and had a BMI of 35 ± 5 kg/m2. Overall, 54/63 (84%) of participants reached REE5-SS, often (47/54, 87%) within the first 10-min (6-15 min). Alternative approaches to estimating REE had a relatively low bias (-16 to 13 kcals), narrow limits of agreement and high accuracy (83-98%) when compared to REE5-SS, in particular, outperforming standard prediction equations (e.g., Mifflin St. Joer). CONCLUSION Indirect calorimetry measurements that utilize the 5-min SS approach to estimate REE are considered the gold-standard. Under circumstances of non-SS, it appears 4-min and 3-min SS periods, or fixed time intervals of atleast 5 min are accurate and practical alternatives for estimating REE in adults with overweight and obesity. However, future trials should validate alternative methods in similar populations to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Popp
- Department of Population Health, New York University, USA.
| | - M Butler
- Department of Population Health, New York University, USA
| | - M Curran
- Department of Population Health, New York University, USA
| | - P Illiano
- Department of Population Health, New York University, USA
| | - M A Sevick
- Department of Population Health, New York University, USA; Department of Medicine, New York University, USA
| | - D E St-Jules
- Department of Population Health, New York University, USA
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45
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Rees-Punia E, Deubler E, Campbell P, Gapstur SM, Patel A. Light-Intensity Physical Activity in a Large Prospective Cohort of Older US Adults: A 21-Year Follow-Up of Mortality. Gerontology 2019; 66:259-265. [PMID: 31600755 DOI: 10.1159/000502860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies show that regular moderate to vigorous physical activity is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, certain cancers, and premature death, but few studies have examined associations of light-intensity physical activity (LPA) and mortality, especially among older adults. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the association of LPA with the risks of death from all causes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory diseases among older adults in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort (CPS-II NC). METHODS Analyses included 123,232 participants in CPS-II NC, among whom 46,829 died during follow-up (1993-2014). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for self-reported leisure time LPA associated with mortality. RESULTS Engaging in little or no LPA (<3 metabolic equivalent [MET]-h/week) was associated with a 16% higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.12-1.20) compared to engaging in some LPA (3 to <9 MET-h/week) after adjusting for moderate to vigorous physical activity. However, there was no evidence of a dose-response relationship. A statistically significant interaction with age suggested that more LPA was associated with a lower risk of respiratory disease mortality only among participants aged ≥70 years (21+ vs. 3 to <9 MET-h/week, HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.66-0.91; pint = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS In this prospective study of older adults, accumulating little/no leisure time LPA was associated with a higher risk of mortality. It is of substantial public health value to demonstrate the potential benefits of engaging in any activity, even if light in intensity, among older adults given the aging US population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Rees-Punia
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,
| | - Emily Deubler
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Peter Campbell
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alpa Patel
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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46
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Scheelbeek PFD, Cornelsen L, Marteau TM, Jebb SA, Smith RD. Potential impact on prevalence of obesity in the UK of a 20% price increase in high sugar snacks: modelling study. BMJ 2019; 366:l4786. [PMID: 31484641 PMCID: PMC6724407 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l4786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the potential impact on body mass index (BMI) and prevalence of obesity of a 20% price increase in high sugar snacks. DESIGN Modelling study. SETTING General adult population of the United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS 36 324 households with data on product level household expenditure from UK Kantar FMCG (fast moving consumer goods) panel for January 2012 to December 2013. Data were used to estimate changes in energy (kcal, 1 kcal=4.18 kJ=0.00418 MJ) purchase associated with a 20% price increase in high sugar snacks. Data for 2544 adults from waves 5 to 8 of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2012-16) were used to estimate resulting changes in BMI and prevalence of obesity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The effect on per person take home energy purchases of a 20% price increase for three categories of high sugar snacks: confectionery (including chocolate), biscuits, and cakes. Health outcomes resulting from the price increase were measured as changes in weight, BMI (not overweight (BMI <25), overweight (BMI ≥25 and <30), and obese (BMI ≥30)), and prevalence of obesity. Results were stratified by household income and BMI. RESULTS For income groups combined, the average reduction in energy consumption for a 20% price increase in high sugar snacks was estimated to be 8.9×103 kcal (95% confidence interval -13.1×103 to -4.2×103 kcal). Using a static weight loss model, BMI was estimated to decrease by 0.53 (95% confidence interval -1.01 to -0.06) on average across all categories and income groups. This change could reduce the UK prevalence of obesity by 2.7 percentage points (95% confidence interval -3.7 to -1.7 percentage points) after one year. The impact of a 20% price increase in high sugar snacks on energy purchase was largest in low income households classified as obese and smallest in high income households classified as not overweight. CONCLUSIONS Increasing the price of high sugar snacks by 20% could reduce energy intake, BMI, and prevalence of obesity. This finding was in a UK context and was double that modelled for a similar price increase in sugar sweetened beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline F D Scheelbeek
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Laura Cornelsen
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Theresa M Marteau
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan A Jebb
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard D Smith
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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47
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Patry A, Vincent C, Duval C, Blamoutier M, Brière S, Boissy P. Relationship between home environment and energy expenditure of community-dwelling older adults. Br J Occup Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0308022619830906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Patry
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS), Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Capitale Nationale (CIUSSS/CN) – Institut de réadaptation en déficience physique de Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Claude Vincent
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS), Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Capitale Nationale (CIUSSS/CN) – Institut de réadaptation en déficience physique de Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Rehabilitation, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Duval
- Department of Kinanthropology, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), QC, Canada
- Research Center, University Institute of Geriatrics of Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Margaux Blamoutier
- Department of Kinanthropology, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), QC, Canada
| | - Simon Brière
- Research Centre on Aging of Sherbrooke, CIUSSS de l’Estrie – CHUS Équipe spécialisée en téléréadaptation à domicile (ESTRAD), QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Boissy
- Research Centre on Aging of Sherbrooke, CIUSSS de l’Estrie – CHUS Équipe spécialisée en téléréadaptation à domicile (ESTRAD), QC, Canada
- Orthopaedic service, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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48
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Rees JL, Chang CR, François ME, Marcotte-Chénard A, Fontvieille A, Klaprat ND, Dyck RA, Funk DR, Snydmiller G, Bastell K, Godkin FE, Dubé MC, Riesco E, McGavock JM, Yardley JE, Sigal RJ, Gibala MJ, Weisnagel SJ, Prado CM, Jung M, Manders R, Lee T, Singer J, Boulé NG, Little JP. Minimal effect of walking before dinner on glycemic responses in type 2 diabetes: outcomes from the multi-site E-PAraDiGM study. Acta Diabetol 2019; 56:755-765. [PMID: 31093764 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-019-01358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the effect of walking before dinner on 24-h glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes using the standardized multi-site Exercise-Physical Activity and Diabetes Glucose Monitoring (E-PAraDiGM) Protocol. METHODS Eighty participants were studied under two conditions (exercise vs. non-exercise control) separated by 72 h in a randomized crossover design. Each condition lasted 2 days during which standardized meals were provided. Exercise consisted of 50 min of treadmill walking at 5.0 km/h before the evening meal, while control involved 50 min of sitting. The primary outcome measure was mean glucose during the 24-h period following exercise (or sitting) measured by continuous glucose monitoring. RESULTS Of the 80 participants who were initially randomized, 73 completed both exercise and control. Sixty-three participants [29 males, 34 females; age = 64 ± 8 years, body mass index = 30.5 ± 6.5 kg/m2 and HbA1c = 51 ± 8 mmol/mol (6.8 ± 0.7%), mean ± SD] complied with the standardized diets and had complete continuous glucose monitoring data. Exercise did not affect mean 24-h glucose compared to control (0.03 mmol/L; 95% CI - 0.17, 0.22, P = 0.778) but individual differences between conditions ranged from - 2.8 to +1.8 mmol/L. Exercise did not affect fasting glucose, postprandial glucose or glucose variability. Glucose concentrations measured by continuous glucose monitoring were reduced during the 50 min of walking in exercise compared to sitting in control (- 1.56 mmol/L; 95% CI - 2.18, - 0.95, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Contrary to previous acute exercise studies, 50 min of walking before dinner in the E-PAraDiGM protocol did not affect 24-h glucose profiles. However, highly heterogeneous responses to exercise were observed. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02834689.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L Rees
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Courtney R Chang
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Monique E François
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Alexis Marcotte-Chénard
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSSE - CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Adeline Fontvieille
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSSE - CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Nika D Klaprat
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Rebecca A Dyck
- Augustana Faculty, University of Alberta, Camrose, AB, T4V 2R3, Canada
| | - Deanna R Funk
- Augustana Faculty, University of Alberta, Camrose, AB, T4V 2R3, Canada
| | - Gary Snydmiller
- Augustana Faculty, University of Alberta, Camrose, AB, T4V 2R3, Canada
| | - Kent Bastell
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Florence E Godkin
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Marie-Christine Dubé
- Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Agriculture and Food Science, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Eléonor Riesco
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSSE - CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Jon M McGavock
- DREAM Research Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Jane E Yardley
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
- Augustana Faculty, University of Alberta, Camrose, AB, T4V 2R3, Canada
| | - Ronald J Sigal
- Departments of Medicine, Cardiac Sciences and Community Health Sciences, Faculties of Medicine and Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Martin J Gibala
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - S John Weisnagel
- Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Agriculture and Food Science, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Mary Jung
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Ralph Manders
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guilford, GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Terry Lee
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Joel Singer
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Normand G Boulé
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada.
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada.
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49
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Khare P, Chauhan A, Kumar V, Kaur J, Mahajan N, Kumar V, Gesing A, Chopra K, Kondepudi KK, Bishnoi M. Bioavailable Menthol (Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin-8 Agonist) Induces Energy Expending Phenotype in Differentiating Adipocytes. Cells 2019; 8:E383. [PMID: 31027377 PMCID: PMC6562930 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence supports the role of menthol, a TRPM8 agonist, in enhanced energy expenditure, thermogenesis and BAT-like activity in classical WAT depots in a TRPM8 dependent and independent manner. The present study was designed to analyse whether oral and topical administration of menthol is bioavailable at subcutaneous adipose tissue and is sufficient to directlyinduce desired energy expenditure effects. GC-FID was performed to study menthol bioavailability in serum and subcutaneous white adipose tissue following oral and topical administration. Further, 3T3L1 adipocytes were treated with bioavailable menthol doses and different parameters (lipid accumulation, "browning/brite" and energy expenditure gene expression, metal analysis, mitochondrial complex's gene expression) were studied. No difference was observed in serum levels but significant difference was seen in the menthol concentration on subcutaneous adipose tissues after oral and topical application. Menthol administration at bioavailable doses significantly increased "browning/brite" and energy expenditure phenotype, enhanced mitochondrial activity related gene expression, increased metal concentration during adipogenesis but did not alter the lipid accumulation as well as acute experiments were performed with lower dose of menthol on mature adipocytes In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that bioavailable menthol after single oral and topical administration is sufficient to induce "brite" phenotype in subcutaneous adipose tissue However, critical dose characterization for its clinical utility is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragyanshu Khare
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140603, India.
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Transit campus Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226301, India.
| | - Aakriti Chauhan
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140603, India.
| | - Vibhu Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140603, India.
| | - Jasleen Kaur
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140603, India.
| | - Neha Mahajan
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140603, India.
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad-Gurgaon expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.
| | - Vijay Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140603, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Adam Gesing
- Department of Endocrinology of Ageing, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowski St, No 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Kanwaljit Chopra
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140603, India.
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140603, India.
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50
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van Iersel L, Brokke KE, Adan RAH, Bulthuis LCM, van den Akker ELT, van Santen HM. Pathophysiology and Individualized Treatment of Hypothalamic Obesity Following Craniopharyngioma and Other Suprasellar Tumors: A Systematic Review. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:193-235. [PMID: 30247642 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of hypothalamic obesity (HO) following craniopharyngioma (CP) and other suprasellar tumors leads to reduced patient quality of life. No treatment algorithms are currently available for management of HO. Depending on which hypothalamic nuclei are destroyed, the pathophysiologic mechanisms and clinical symptoms that contribute to HO differ among patients. Herein, we review the contribution of the hypothalamus to the pathophysiologic mechanisms and symptoms underlying CP-associated HO. Additionally, we performed a systematic search of MEDLINE and Embase to identify all intervention studies for weight management in patients with CP or other suprasellar tumors published until September 2017. The search yielded 1866 publications, of which 40 were included. Of these 40 studies, we identified four modalities for intervention (i.e., lifestyle, dietary, pharmacotherapeutic, or surgical) within six clinical domains (i.e., psychosocial disorders, hyperphagia, sleep disturbances, decreased energy expenditure, hyperinsulinemia, and hypopituitarism). We used the findings from our systematic review, in addition to current knowledge on the pathophysiology of HO, to develop an evidence-based treatment algorithm for patients with HO caused by CP or other suprasellar tumors. Although the individual effects of the HO interventions were modest, beneficial individual effects may be achieved when the pathophysiologic background and correct clinical domain are considered. These two aspects can be combined in an individualized treatment algorithm with a stepwise approach for each clinical domain. Recently elucidated targets for HO intervention were also explored to improve future management of HO for patients with CP and other suprasellar tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura van Iersel
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Karen E Brokke
- Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roger A H Adan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lauren C M Bulthuis
- Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Erica L T van den Akker
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanneke M van Santen
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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