1
|
Lule SA, Kushitor SB, Grijalva-Eternod CS, Adjaye-Gbewonyo K, Sanuade OA, Kushitor MK, Okoibhole L, Awuah R, Baatiema L, Kretchy IA, Arhinful D, de-Graft Aikins A, Koram K, Fottrell E. The contextual awareness, response and evaluation (CARE) diabetes project: study design for a quantitative survey of diabetes prevalence and non-communicable disease risk in Ga Mashie, Accra, Ghana. Glob Health Action 2024; 17:2297513. [PMID: 38323339 PMCID: PMC10851827 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2023.2297513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is estimated to affect between 3.3% and 8.3% of adults in Ghana, and prevalence is expected to rise. The lack of cost-effective diabetes prevention programmes designed specifically for the Ghanaian population warrants urgent attention. The Contextual Awareness, Response and Evaluation (CARE): Diabetes Project in Ghana is a mixed methods study that aims to understand diabetes in the Ga Mashie area of Accra, identify opportunities for community-based intervention and inform future diabetes prevention and control strategies. This paper presents the study design for the quantitative survey within the CARE project. This survey will take place in the densely populated Ga Mashie area of Accra, Ghana. A household survey will be conducted using simple random sampling to select households from 80 enumeration areas identified in the 2021 Ghana Population and Housing Census. Trained enumerators will interview and collect data from permanent residents aged ≥ 25 years. Pregnant women and those who have given birth in the last six months will be excluded. Data analysis will use a combination of descriptive and inferential statistics, and all analyses will account for the cluster sampling design. Analyses will describe the prevalence of diabetes, other morbidities, and associated risk factors and identify the relationship between diabetes and physical, social, and behavioural parameters. This survey will generate evidence on drivers and consequences of diabetes and facilitate efforts to prevent and control diabetes and other NCDs in urban Ghana, with relevance for other low-income communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Boatemaa Kushitor
- Department of Community Health, Ensign Global College, Kpong, Ghana
- Department of Food Science and Centre for Sustainability Studies, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Carlos S. Grijalva-Eternod
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Olutobi Adekunle Sanuade
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Division of Health System Innovation and Research, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mawuli Komla Kushitor
- Department of Health Policy, Fred Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Lydia Okoibhole
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Raphael Awuah
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Leonard Baatiema
- Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Irene Akwo Kretchy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Daniel Arhinful
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Kwadwo Koram
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Edward Fottrell
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Engen RM, Sgambat K, Verghese PS, Jain A, Smith J, Twombley K, Amaral S, Zahr R, Bock M, Richardson K, Lande M, Bartosh S. Body mass index in pediatric kidney transplant selection criteria. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:3333-3338. [PMID: 39008117 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-024-06453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with increased complications, rejection, and graft loss after kidney transplantation in adult and pediatric recipients. Elevated body mass index (BMI) is a common contraindication to transplant at adult kidney transplant programs; however, there is no data on such limitations for pediatric patients. METHODS Between October and December 2022, we conducted a survey of Pediatric Nephrology Research Consortium centers assessing the use of BMI in pediatric kidney transplant evaluation. Centers reporting utilization of BMI cutoffs were invited to submit patient-level data on children declined for active transplant listing due to BMI. RESULTS Thirty-nine centers responded to the survey (42% response rate); 51% include BMI in their written listing criteria, with a median BMI "cutoff" of 39 kg/m2 (range 30-50 kg/m2). Between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2021, 30 children at 15 transplant centers were declined for listing status due to BMI. Patient-level data was provided for 19 children (63%) who were denied active listing status; median BMI was 42 kg/m2 (range 35.8-49.4 kg/m2) and 84% were on dialysis. One year after evaluation, seven patients (37%) had proceeded to active wait list status. Eight (42%) remained in inactive status and four (21%) were unlisted; ten of these 12 patients (83%) were on dialysis. CONCLUSIONS The use of BMI in pediatric kidney transplant evaluation and listing varies among centers, but BMI limits access to transplant for some children. More information is needed on the outcomes of obese pediatric kidney candidates who are and are not transplanted, to guide development of national and international consensus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristen Sgambat
- George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Priya S Verghese
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amrish Jain
- Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
- Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jodi Smith
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Sandra Amaral
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rima Zahr
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Marc Lande
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Haga M, Shindo S, Nitta J, Kimura M, Motohashi S, Inoue H, Akasaka J. Anatomical and clinical factors associated with infrapopliteal arterial bypass outcomes in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia. Heart Vessels 2024; 39:928-938. [PMID: 38842587 PMCID: PMC11489161 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-024-02421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify anatomical and clinical factors associated with limb-based patency (LBP) loss, major adverse limb events (MALEs), and poor amputation-free survival (AFS) after an infrapopliteal arterial bypass (IAB) surgery according to the Global Limb Anatomic Staging System. A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing IAB surgery between January 2010 and December 2021 at a single institution was performed. Two-year AFS, freedom from LBP loss, and freedom from MALEs were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Anatomical and clinical predictors were assessed using multivariate analysis. The total number of risk factors was used to calculate risk scores for subsequent categorization into low-, moderate-, and high-risk groups. IABs were performed on 103 patients. The rates of two-year freedom from LBP loss, freedom from MALEs, and AFS were 71.3%, 76.1%, and 77.0%, respectively. The multivariate analysis showed that poor run-off beyond the ankle and a bypass vein caliber of < 3 mm were significantly associated with LBP loss and MALEs. Moreover, end-stage renal disease, non-ambulatory status, and a body mass index of < 18.5 were significantly associated with poor AFS. The rates of freedom from LBP loss and MALEs and the AFS rate were significantly lower in the high-risk group than in the other two groups (12-month low-risk rates: 92.2%, 94.8%, and 94.4%, respectively; 12-month moderate-risk rates: 58.6%, 84.6%, and 78.3%, respectively; 12-month high-risk rates: 11.1%, 17.6%, and 56.2%, respectively; p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). IAB is associated with poor clinical outcomes in terms of LBP, MALEs, and AFS in high-risk patients. Risk stratification based on these predictors is useful for long-term prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Haga
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, 1163 Tatemachi-chou, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 193-0944, Japan.
| | - Shunya Shindo
- Center for Preventive Medicine, Yamanashi Kosei Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Jun Nitta
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, 1163 Tatemachi-chou, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 193-0944, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, 1163 Tatemachi-chou, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 193-0944, Japan
| | - Shinya Motohashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, 1163 Tatemachi-chou, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 193-0944, Japan
| | - Hidenori Inoue
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, 1163 Tatemachi-chou, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 193-0944, Japan
| | - Junetsu Akasaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, 1163 Tatemachi-chou, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 193-0944, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Al Zein M, Akomolafe AF, Mahmood FR, Khrayzat A, Sahebkar A, Pintus G, Kobeissy F, Eid AH. Leptin is a potential biomarker of childhood obesity and an indicator of the effectiveness of weight-loss interventions. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13807. [PMID: 39044542 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Childhood obesity represents a significant public health concern, imposing a substantial burden on the healthcare system. Furthermore, weight-loss programs often exhibit reduced effectiveness in adults who have a history of childhood obesity. Therefore, early intervention against childhood obesity is imperative. Presently, the primary method for diagnosing childhood obesity relies on body mass index (BMI), yet this approach has inherent limitations. Leptin, a satiety hormone produced by adipocytes, holds promise as a superior tool for predicting both childhood and subsequent adulthood obesity. In this review, we elucidate the tools employed for assessing obesity in children, delve into the biological functions of leptin, and examine the factors governing its expression. Additionally, we discuss maternal and infantile leptin levels as predictors of childhood obesity. By exploring the relationship between leptin levels and weight loss, we present leptin as a potential indicator of the effectiveness of obesity interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al Zein
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Fathima R Mahmood
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali Khrayzat
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bandres-Meriz J, Sanz-Cuadrado M, Hurtado de Mendoza I, Majali-Martinez A, Honeder S, Cindrova-Davies T, Birner-Gruenberger R, Dalgaard L, Desoye G. MCM proteins are up-regulated in placentas of women with reduced insulin sensitivity. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20240430. [PMID: 39268985 PMCID: PMC11461181 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20240430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
In the first trimester of pregnancy the human placenta grows rapidly, making it sensitive to changes in the intrauterine environment. To test whether exposure to an environment in utero often associated with obesity modifies placental proteome and function, we performed untargeted proteomics (LC-MS/MS) in placentas from 19 women (gestational age 35-48 days, i.e. 5+0-6+6 weeks). Maternal clinical traits (body mass index, leptin, glucose, C-peptide and insulin sensitivity) and gestational age were recorded. DNA replication and cell cycle pathways were enriched in the proteome of placentas of women with low maternal insulin sensitivity. Driving these pathways were the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins MCM2, MCM3, MCM4, MCM5, MCM6 and MCM7 (MCM-complex). These proteins are part of the pre-replicative complex and participate in DNA damage repair. Indeed, MCM6 and γH2AX (DNA-damage marker) protein levels correlated in first trimester placental tissue (r = 0.514, P<0.01). MCM6 and γH2AX co-localized to nuclei of villous cytotrophoblast cells, the proliferative cell type of the placenta, suggesting increased DNA damage in this cell type. To mimic key features of the intrauterine obesogenic environment, a first trimester trophoblast cell line, i.e., ACH-3P, was exposed to high insulin (10 nM) or low oxygen tension (2.5% O2). There was a significant correlation between MCM6 and γH2AX protein levels, but these were independent of insulin or oxygen exposure. These findings show that chronic exposure in utero to reduced maternal insulin sensitivity during early pregnancy induces changes in the early first trimester placental proteome. Pathways related to DNA replication, cell cycle and DNA damage repair appear especially sensitive to such an in utero environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bandres-Meriz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Alejandro Majali-Martinez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas y de la Salud. Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sophie Elisabeth Honeder
- Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tereza Cindrova-Davies
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Gernot Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Linsenmeyer W, Glassman B, Tomasiello N, Walcott K. Nutrition and Training Recommendations for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Athletes Involved in Strength Sports and Resistance Training: A Case Series of Nine Athletes Assigned Female at Birth. Health Promot Pract 2024:15248399241286027. [PMID: 39439287 DOI: 10.1177/15248399241286027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
Transgender and gender diverse (TGGD) athletes have distinct nutrition and training considerations. Guidance for nutrition and sport professionals working with TGGD athletes is lacking, especially when addressing sex-specific data. The purpose of this case series was to depict nutrition and training assessment approaches and recommendations for TGGD athletes involved in strength sports or resistance training. Six types of data informed each case presentation, including: demographic, anthropometric, health history, and survey data (Eating Competence Scale, Exercise Benefits and Barriers Scale); a 3-day food and physical activity record; and an in-depth interview. Nine TGGD athletes assigned female at birth (AFAB) presented with a range of gender identities, experiences, sport involvement, and transition journeys. Most athletes consumed inadequate energy and fiber, adequate or marginally high levels of saturated fat and added sugars, and high levels of sodium. Most athletes scored low on the Eating Competence Scale and high on the Exercise Benefits and Barriers Scale. Nutrition and sports professionals can individualize the care they provide for TGGD athletes when addressing sex-specific data and help athletes ensure they are meeting their nutrient needs.
Collapse
|
7
|
Utri-Khodadady Z, Głąbska D, Guzek D. Effect of Consuming Salmon Products on Vitamin D Status of Young Caucasian Women in Autumn-A Randomized 8-Week Dietary VISA 2 (Vitamin D in Salmon Part 2) Intervention Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:3565. [PMID: 39458558 DOI: 10.3390/nu16203565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2024] [Revised: 10/15/2024] [Accepted: 10/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Young women are often at risk of vitamin D deficiency, while fatty fish can provide significant amounts of it, which is especially important when no vitamin D skin synthesis is possible due to limited sunshine exposure. This study aimed to analyze the impact of increasing the intake of salmon in various forms (smoked salmon, salmon sausages) on vitamin D status of young women in autumn. METHODS The 8-week intervention involved 120 non-obese women, aged 20-25 years. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: smoked salmon (25 g/day), salmon sausage (100 g/day), or a control group. Both intervention products provided approximately 5 µg of vitamin D daily. Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D as well as vitamin D intakes were assessed pre-, mid-, and post-intervention. RESULTS The median vitamin D intake at baseline was 2.7-3.4 µg/day and did not differ between the groups (p > 0.05), while during the intervention, it was highest in the smoked salmon group (p < 0.001) and amounted to 7.3 µg/day. While all groups experienced a decrease in 25(OH)D serum concentrations, the decrease was significantly smaller in the salmon sausage group compared to the control group (-4.3 vs. -15.0 nmol/L, p < 0.05), and no significant difference was observed between the smoked salmon and control group after 8 weeks (p > 0.05). Moreover, in the salmon sausage group, the intervention was more effective among participants with an inadequate vitamin D status at baseline (25(OH)D change after the intervention: -3.0 vs. -5.4 nmol/L, p < 0.05; inadequate vs. adequate baseline vitamin D status). CONCLUSIONS Increasing the intake of salmon, and hence of vitamin D, was not enough to maintain the vitamin D status of young women in autumn. It seems that other, not-yet-fully-understood factors, may influence vitamin D absorption and/or metabolism, thereby affecting the outcomes of such interventions indicating that further research is needed. Nevertheless, it may be concluded that increasing salmon sausage intake might aid slow down the natural decline of 25(OH)D in young women in autumn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Utri-Khodadady
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Głąbska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Guzek
- Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tanabe H, Yamamoto K. The Psychological Nature of Female Gait Attractiveness. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:1037. [PMID: 39451412 PMCID: PMC11504962 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11101037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2024] [Revised: 10/04/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Walking, a basic physical movement of the human body, is a resource for observers in forming interpersonal impressions. We have previously investigated the expression and perception of the attractiveness of female gaits. In this paper, drawing on our previous research, additional analysis, and reviewing previous studies, we seek to deepen our understanding of the function of gait attractiveness. First, we review previous research on gait as nonverbal information. Then, we show that fashion models' gaits reflect sociocultural genderlessness, while nonmodels express reproductive-related biological attractiveness. Next, we discuss the functions of gait attractiveness based on statistical models that link gait parameters and attractiveness scores. Finally, we focus on observers' perception of attractiveness, constructing a model of the visual information processing with respect to gait attractiveness. Overall, our results suggest that there are not only biological but also sociocultural criteria for gait attractiveness, and men and women place greater importance on the former and latter criteria, respectively, when assessing female gait attractiveness. This paper forms a major step forward in neuroaesthetics to understand the beauty of the human body and the generation of biological motions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Tanabe
- Graduate School of Humanities and Human Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kota Yamamoto
- School of Humanities, Hokusei Gakuen University, 2-3-1, Ohyachi-Nishi, Atsubetsu-ku, Sapporo 004-8631, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Aminisani N, Wood T, Jelley L, Wong C, Sue Huang Q. The Burden of Human Metapneumovirus- and Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations in Adults in New Zealand, 2012-2015. J Infect Dis 2024; 230:933-943. [PMID: 38349230 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unlike influenza, information on the burden of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) as a cause of hospitalizations in adults with acute respiratory illness (ARI) is limited. METHODS We compared the population-based incidence, seasonality, and clinical characteristics of these 2 viral infections among adults aged ≥20 years with ARI hospitalizations in Auckland, New Zealand, during 2012-2015 through the Southern Hemisphere Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Research and Surveillance (SHIVERS) project. RESULTS Of the 14 139 ARI hospitalizations, 276 of 6484 (4.3%) tested positive for HMPV and 1342 of 7027 (19.1%) tested positive for influenza. Crude rates of 9.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.7-11.0) HMPV-associated and 47.6 (95% CI, 45.1-50.1) influenza-associated ARI hospitalizations were estimated for every 100 000 adult residents annually. The highest rates for both viruses were in those aged ≥80 years, of Māori or Pacific ethnicity, or living in low socioeconomic status (SES) areas. HMPV infections were more common than influenza in those with chronic medical conditions. CONCLUSIONS Although HMPV infections accounted for fewer hospitalizations than influenza in adults aged ≥20 years, HMPV-associated ARI hospitalization rates were higher than influenza in older adults, Māori and Pacific people, and those of low SES. This highlights a need for vaccine/antiviral development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nayyereh Aminisani
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Timothy Wood
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Lauren Jelley
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Conroy Wong
- Te Whatu Ora, Health New Zealand Counties Manukau, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Q Sue Huang
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Elderia A, Woll G, Wallau AM, Bennour W, Gerfer S, Djordjevic I, Wahlers T, Weber C. Body Weight's Role in Infective Endocarditis Surgery. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024; 11:327. [PMID: 39452298 PMCID: PMC11508204 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Revised: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: to investigate how body mass index (BMI) affects the outcome in patients treated surgically for infective endocarditis (IE). Methods: This is a single-center observational analysis of consecutive patients treated surgically for IE. We divided the cohort into six groups, according to the WHO classification of BMI, and performed subsequent outcome analysis. Results: The patient population consisted of 17 (2.6%) underweight, 249 (38.3%) normal weight, 252 (38.8%) overweight, 83 (12.8%) class I obese, 28 (4.3%) class II obese, and 21 (3.8%) class III, or morbidly obese, patients. The median age of the entire cohort was 64.5 [52.5-73.6] years. While only 168 (25.9%) patients were female, women significantly more often exhibited extremes in regards to BMI, including underweight (47.1%) and morbid obesity (52.4%), p = 0.026. Class II and III obese patients displayed more postoperative acute kidney injury (47.9%), p = 0.003, more sternal wound infection (12.9%), p < 0.001, worse 30-day survival (20.4%), p = 0.031, and worse long-term survival, p = 0.026, compared to the results for the other groups. However, the multivariable analysis did not identify obesity as an independent risk factor for 30-day mortality, with an odds ratio of 1.257 [0.613-2.579], p = 0.533. Rather, age > 60, reduced LVEF < 30%, staphylococcal infection, and prosthetic valve endocarditis correlated with mortality. While BMI showed poor discrimination in predicting 30-day mortality on the ROC curve (AUC = 0.609), it showed a fair degree of discrimination in predicting sternal wound infection (AUC = 0.723). Conclusions: Obesity was associated with increased comorbidities, complications, and higher postoperative mortality in IE patients, but it is not an independent mortality risk factor. While BMI is a poor predictor of death, it is a good predictor of sternal wound infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elderia
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mishra A, Kumar R, Mishra SN, Vijayaraghavalu S, Shukla GC, Kumar M. Impact of smokeless tobacco on psychological and oxidative stress in unemployed indian youth. Amino Acids 2024; 56:59. [PMID: 39395920 PMCID: PMC11470867 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-024-03416-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/14/2024]
Abstract
In India, tobacco (nicotine) addiction among youth has increased, leading to substantial socioeconomic burdens, mortality, and morbidity. While minimal short-term nicotine consumption may have antioxidant effects, chronic exposure results in various adverse health outcomes. This study examines the impact of chronic nicotine consumption on cellular oxidative stress and psychological stress, and their correlation with Homocysteine (Hcy) levels in unemployed tobacco consumers. This case-control study included 156 healthy, educated, unemployed male volunteers aged 20-40 years, divided into nicotine-addicted (n = 80) and non-addicted (n = 76) groups. Psychological stress was assessed using perceived stress scales (PSS) and coping self-efficacy (CSE) scales. Oxidative stress markers, including Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and Catalase, were measured. Hcy levels were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Nicotine-addicted participants exhibited significantly higher perceived stress (p = 0.0001) and lower coping self-efficacy (p = 0.0001) compared to non-addicted individuals. MDA levels in erythrocytes were significantly increased (p = 0.0006), while SOD (p = 0.0001) and Catalase (p = 0.02) activities were significantly decreased in the addicted group. Nicotine intake influenced Hcy concentrations, with 55% of addicted individuals falling into moderate, 27.5% into intermediate, and 7.5% into severe Hcy categories. Chronic nicotine intake also reflected the hematological parameters (WBCs, RBCs, HGB, and Platelets). Chronic tobacco consumption induces oxidative stress and perceived psychological stress, leading to elevated Hcy levels in nicotine consumers. The study highlights the detrimental effects of nicotine addiction on cellular defensive mechanisms, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to address this growing health issue among unemployed Indian youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, UP, India
| | - Rishabh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, UP, India
| | - Satya Narayan Mishra
- Maa Gayatri College of Pharmacy, Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Prayagraj, 211008, UP, India
| | - Sivakumar Vijayaraghavalu
- Department of Life Sciences (Zoology), Manipur University (A Central University), Imphal, 795003, Manipur, India.
| | - Girish C Shukla
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, 2121 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, 2121 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Munish Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, UP, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Koinis L, Maharaj M, Natarajan P, Fonseka RD, Fernando V, Mobbs RJ. Exploring the Influence of BMI on Gait Metrics: A Comprehensive Analysis of Spatiotemporal Parameters and Stability Indicators. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:6484. [PMID: 39409524 PMCID: PMC11479383 DOI: 10.3390/s24196484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2024] [Revised: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gait analysis is a vital tool for evaluating overall health and predicting outcomes such as mortality and cognitive decline. This study explores how normal and obese BMI categories impact gait dynamics, addressing gaps in understanding the effect of body composition on specific gait parameters. RESEARCH QUESTION The primary objective is to investigate differences in spatiotemporal gait parameters-specifically, gait speed, step length, cadence, and double support time-between normal and obese BMI groups to understand the effects of obesity on gait. METHODS This observational case-control study analyzed spatiotemporal gait metrics from 163 participants, using inertial measurement units (IMUs) to collect data on various gait parameters. Statistical analyses explored the relationship between BMI categories and these metrics. RESULTS No significant differences were found in gait speed, cadence, stride duration, or double support time between the normal and obese groups. However, significant differences were identified in age, hypertension prevalence, balance problems, and the incidence of falls, emphasizing the complex effects of obesity on factors influencing gait stability. SIGNIFICANCE This study contributes to our understanding of obesity's impact on gait by highlighting the need to consider associated health and stability parameters. These findings prompt a re-evaluation of how BMI is integrated into clinical gait assessments and emphasize the necessity for personalized healthcare strategies. This research highlights the importance of future studies with larger, more diverse populations and a wider array of biomechanical measures to dissect the relationship between BMI, body composition, and gait dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianne Koinis
- NeuroSpine Surgery Research Group (NSURG), Randwick 2031, Australia; (M.M.); (P.N.); (R.D.F.); (R.J.M.)
- Wearable and Gait Assessment Research Group (WAGAR), Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Randwick 2031, Australia;
- Faculty of Psychology, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, Australia
- Faculty of Psychology, Monash University, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Monish Maharaj
- NeuroSpine Surgery Research Group (NSURG), Randwick 2031, Australia; (M.M.); (P.N.); (R.D.F.); (R.J.M.)
- Faculty of Psychology, Monash University, Sydney 2052, Australia
- Neuro Spine Clinic, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Randwick 2031, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Randwick 2031, Australia
| | - Pragadesh Natarajan
- NeuroSpine Surgery Research Group (NSURG), Randwick 2031, Australia; (M.M.); (P.N.); (R.D.F.); (R.J.M.)
- Faculty of Psychology, Monash University, Sydney 2052, Australia
- Neuro Spine Clinic, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Randwick 2031, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Randwick 2031, Australia
| | - R. Dineth Fonseka
- NeuroSpine Surgery Research Group (NSURG), Randwick 2031, Australia; (M.M.); (P.N.); (R.D.F.); (R.J.M.)
- Faculty of Psychology, Monash University, Sydney 2052, Australia
- Neuro Spine Clinic, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Randwick 2031, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Randwick 2031, Australia
| | - Vinuja Fernando
- Wearable and Gait Assessment Research Group (WAGAR), Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Randwick 2031, Australia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Randwick 2031, Australia
| | - Ralph J. Mobbs
- NeuroSpine Surgery Research Group (NSURG), Randwick 2031, Australia; (M.M.); (P.N.); (R.D.F.); (R.J.M.)
- Faculty of Psychology, Monash University, Sydney 2052, Australia
- Neuro Spine Clinic, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Randwick 2031, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Randwick 2031, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yadav U, Kumar N, Sarvottam K. Obese have comparable ankle brachial pressure index but higher β-cell function and insulin resistance as compared to normal-weight type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Acta Diabetol 2024:10.1007/s00592-024-02379-x. [PMID: 39368013 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-024-02379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI) in normal weight and obese/overweight type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (T2DM) to see the impact of obesity on the occurrence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) in T2DM patients. Secondly to investigate the relationship between ABPI, insulin resistance, and beta cell function and between adipocytokines and obesity parameters. METHODS A total of 120 BMI-categorized Normal weight (NW) T2DM (n = 53) patients and obese/overweight T2DM (n = 67) patients were recruited in this study. ABPI measurements were performed for the assessment of PAD. The anthropometry and body composition of the patients were measured. Plasma fasting insulin, adiponectin, and IL-6 levels were measured by ELISA kits. RESULTS ABPI scores were found to be comparable between both groups of patients (p = 0.787). A significant positive correlation was observed between ABPI and beta cell function. Insulin resistance was found to correlate positively while adiponectin negatively with obesity parameters. CONCLUSION The ABPI score was comparable between both groups of patients, suggesting that vascular complications may occur at the same rate in NW as well as in obese/overweight diabetic patients. The positive association of insulin resistance as well as the negative association of adiponectin with obesity parameters, are suggestive of the importance of body fat distribution in predicting insulin resistance and the inflammatory status of the cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umashree Yadav
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Nilesh Kumar
- Department of General Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Kumar Sarvottam
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cunha IM, Lamm E, Nett S, Rodgers RF. State affect and body image effects of body positive social media content within a female chronic illness sample. Body Image 2024; 51:101796. [PMID: 39366106 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
Body positivity refers to a movement, popularized on social media, that encourages the normalization and acceptance of bodies diverging from sociocultural ideals, specifically within marginalized communities. Previous studies suggest that briefly viewing body positive social media content may lead to increased body satisfaction and positive affect in young women relative to thin-ideal and appearance-neutral content. Diminished body functionality and appearance change due to chronic illness poses a unique challenge to positive body image in young adults living with chronic illness. Typical body positive social media content may not be useful for this community since chronic illnesses are often not outwardly depicted, so the current study aimed to examine the state effects before and after viewing body positive social media content in a sample of young women (N=201) with at least one self-reported chronic illness. Participants (Mage = 29.4, SD = 6.74; 79.2 % white) were randomly assigned to view one of two sets of 10 images: chronic illness body positive and typical body positive. Participants completed a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pre- and post-stimuli exposure. Findings from repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant interaction between time and group for negative affect (F(1198) = 4.402, p =.037) and broad conceptualization of beauty (F(1199) = 4.288, p =.040), such that those exposed to the chronic illness stimuli reported a larger reduction in negative affect and an increase in conceptualization of beauty beyond the non-chronically ill ideal post-exposure. Thus, exposure to body positive social media content inclusive of chronic illness may be more useful in stabilizing affect and promoting greater positive body image within the community. These findings highlight the importance of inclusive body positive portrayals in terms of dimensions beyond weight and shape to account for the effects of diminished body functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M Cunha
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Ellen Lamm
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Samantha Nett
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Rachel F Rodgers
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, USA; Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Centre Hospitalier Public du Cotentin, Cherbourg, France.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sánchez-Romero LM, Sagaceta-Mejía J, Mindell JS, Passi-Solar Á, Bernabé-Ortiz A, Tolentino-Mayo L, Moody A, Scholes S. Sex differences in the secular change in waist circumference relative to BMI in five countries from 1997 to 2020. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:1934-1947. [PMID: 39315405 PMCID: PMC11424025 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to quantify changes over time in waist circumference (WC) relative to BMI by sex in the Americas (United States, Mexico, Chile, and Peru) and England. METHODS Data from adults aged 25 to 64 years between 1997 and 2020 were analyzed, and US data were stratified by race and ethnicity groups. Sex-specific BMI and WC means and obesity and abdominal obesity prevalence were compared between the first and last surveys. Using data from all survey years, secular changes across the BMI and WC distributions were estimated, applying quantile regression models. BMI was added as a predictor of WC to estimate secular changes in WC relative to BMI. Interaction terms were included in all models to evaluate differences by sex. RESULTS BMI and WC (except for Peru) showed larger secular increases at the upper-tails of the distributions in both sexes. Increases at the 50th and 75th WC percentiles relative to BMI were more pronounced in women than in men, with larger increases in US non-Hispanic White individuals and in England. In men, increases in WC independent of BMI were most evident in Mexico. CONCLUSIONS Disease risk associated with visceral fat is potentially underestimated by national surveillance efforts that quantify only secular changes in BMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luz M Sánchez-Romero
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alison Moody
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Shaun Scholes
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Brito R, Fabrício JV, Araujo A, Barreto G, Baltar A, Monte-Silva K. Single-Session Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Improves Postural Stability and Reduces Ataxia Symptoms in Spinocerebellar Ataxia. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 23:1993-2002. [PMID: 38693314 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-024-01696-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) results in balance and coordination impairment, and current treatments have limited efficacy. Recent evidence suggests that combining postural training with cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) can improve these symptoms. However, the combined effects of ctDCS and postural training on individuals with spinocerebellar ataxia remain underexplored. Ten volunteers with (SCA type 3) participated in a triple-blind, randomized, crossover study to receive a single session of ctDCS (2 mA for 20 min) and a sham ctDCS session separated by at least one week. The Biodex Balance System was used to assess balance at each session, measuring overall stability index, anteroposterior stability index, and medial-lateral stability index. As secondary outcomes, cerebellar ataxia symptoms were evaluated using the 8-item Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia. The assessments were conducted before and after each session. The results indicated that ctDCS enhanced the overall stability index when compared to sham ctDCS (Z = -2.10, p = 0.03), although it did not significantly affect the anteroposterior or medial-lateral stability indices. Compared to the baseline, a single session of ctDCS reduced appendicular symptoms related to cerebellar ataxia, as evidenced by improvements in the nose-finger test (Z = -2.07, p = 0.04), fast alternating hand movements (Z = -2.15, p = 0.03), and heel-to-shin slide (Z = -1.91, p = 0.05). In conclusion, our study suggests that a single session of ctDCS, in combination with postural training, can enhance balance and alleviate ataxia symptoms in individuals with cerebellar ataxia. This study was approved by the local research ethics committee (No. 2.877.813) and registered on clinicaltrials.org (NCT04039048 - https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04039048 ) on 2019-07-28.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Brito
- Applied Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes Avenue, Recife, 50740-560, PE, Brasil
- NAPeN Network (Núcleo de Assistência e Pesquisa em Neuromodulação), Palmares, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - João Victor Fabrício
- Applied Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes Avenue, Recife, 50740-560, PE, Brasil
| | - Aurine Araujo
- Applied Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes Avenue, Recife, 50740-560, PE, Brasil
| | - Gabriel Barreto
- Applied Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes Avenue, Recife, 50740-560, PE, Brasil
- NAPeN Network (Núcleo de Assistência e Pesquisa em Neuromodulação), Palmares, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Adriana Baltar
- Applied Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes Avenue, Recife, 50740-560, PE, Brasil
- NAPeN Network (Núcleo de Assistência e Pesquisa em Neuromodulação), Palmares, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Kátia Monte-Silva
- Applied Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes Avenue, Recife, 50740-560, PE, Brasil.
- NAPeN Network (Núcleo de Assistência e Pesquisa em Neuromodulação), Palmares, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chazelle T, Guerraz M, Palluel-Germain R. Modeling body size information within weight labels using probability distributions. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024; 88:2160-2171. [PMID: 39039209 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-024-02006-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
What images of bodies do we associate with thinness and fatness? Can our representations of weight-related words be described by simple probability distributions? To answer these questions, the present study examined participants' perceptions of a set of weight-related words using a pictural scale. 259 French women indicated the thinnest, fattest, and best-fitting figures for 13 words. We then used their responses to construct PERT probability distributions, simple skewed distributions allowing to visualize what body sizes were associated with each word. In particular, the variability of the distributions showed how different weight labels can have more or less precise meanings. We found some evidence that the lowest body mass index associated with a label shifted towards thinner figures as body dissatisfaction increased. Using the same method, we investigated the boundaries of what participants consider the ideal body, and showed that the inclusion of their own body in these boundaries predicted their levels of body dissatisfaction. We argue that PERT distributions can be a useful, easy-to-use tool in body image research for modeling the representations of weight labels in different populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Chazelle
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Guerraz
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shen Y, Hu Y, Liu L, Zhong J, Zhang Y, Wu S, Chen C, Hong F. Association Between the Copper-to-Zinc Ratio and Cardiovascular Disease Among Chinese Adults: A China Multi-ethnic Cohort (CMEC) Study. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:1005-1017. [PMID: 39134881 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09904-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
The impact of metal exposure on cardiovascular diseases has become an increasingly concerning topic. To date, few studies have investigated the relationship between the copper-to-zinc ratio and CVD (Cardiovascular disease). This China multi-ethnic cohort study explored the association between the copper-to-zinc ratio and CVD in Chinese adults. The study included a sample size of 9878 people. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the correlation between urinary copper, urinary zinc, and the copper-to-zinc ratio and CVD prevalence. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used to investigate the potential dose-response relationships among copper-to-zinc ratio, urinary copper, urinary zinc, and CVD prevalence. In addition, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression method was used to identify significant risk factors associated with CVD, leading to the development of a nomogram. The predictive performance of the nomogram model for CVD was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC). Compared with the copper-to-zinc ratio in Q1, the copper-to-zinc ratio in Q4 was associated with CVD after adjusting for all potential confounders (Model 3) (Q4, odds ratio [OR] 0.608, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.416-0.889, P = 0.010). After adjusting for all potential confounders (Model 3), urinary copper levels in Q4 were associated with CVD (Q4, odds ratio [OR] 0.627, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.436-0.902, P = 0.012). No significant difference was found between urinary zinc levels and CVD. The RCS showed a linear dose-response relationship between the copper-to-zinc ratio and CVD (P for overall = 0.01). The nomogram based on the influencing factors examined with LASSO showed good predictive power, and the AUC was 76.3% (95% CI 73.7-78.9%). Our results suggest that there is a significant linear negative correlation between the copper-to-zinc ratio and CVD in Chinese adults and that it has good predictive value for CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yili Shen
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Yuxin Hu
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Leilei Liu
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Jianqin Zhong
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Shenyan Wu
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Feng Hong
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Santos-de-Araújo AD, Bassi-Dibai D, Dourado IM, Marinho RS, Mendes RG, da Luz Goulart C, Batista Dos Santos P, Roscani MG, Phillips SA, Arena R, Borghi-Silva A. Prognostic value of the duke activity Status Index Questionnaire in predicting mortality in patients with chronic heart failure: 36-month follow-up study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:530. [PMID: 39354401 PMCID: PMC11446155 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-04218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) questionnaire has been the focus of numerous investigations - its discriminative and prognostic capacity has been continuously explored, supporting its use in the clinical setting, specifically during rehabilitation in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).However, studies exploring optimal DASI questionnaire threshold scores are limited. OBJECTIVE To investigate optimal DASI questionnaire thresholds values in predicting mortality in a CHF cohort and assess mortality rates based on the DASI questionnaire using a thresholds values obtained. METHODOLOGY This is a prospective cohort study with a 36-month follow-up in patients with CHF. All patients completed a clinical assessment, followed by DASI questionnaire, pulmonary function, and echocardiography. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to discriminate the DASI questionnaire score in determining the risk of mortality. For survival analysis, the Kaplan-Meier model was used to explore the impact of ≤/>23 points on mortality occurring during the 36-month follow-up. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-four patients were included, the majority being elderly men. Kaplan Meier analysis revealed that ≤/> 23 was a strong predictor of CHF mortality over a 36-month follow-up. CONCLUSION A score of ≤/>23 presents good discriminatory capacity to predict mortality risk in 36 months in patients with CHF, especially in those with reduced or mildly reduced ejection fraction. Age, ejection fraction, DASI questionnaire score and use of digoxin are risk factors that influence mortality in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aldair Darlan Santos-de-Araújo
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Federal University of Sao Carlos Rodovia Washington Luiz, São Carlos, 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Bassi-Dibai
- Management in Health Programs and Services, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Izadora Moraes Dourado
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Federal University of Sao Carlos Rodovia Washington Luiz, São Carlos, 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Renan Shida Marinho
- Inter-units of Bioengineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Gonçalves Mendes
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Federal University of Sao Carlos Rodovia Washington Luiz, São Carlos, 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Meliza Goi Roscani
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Shane A Phillips
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Audrey Borghi-Silva
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Federal University of Sao Carlos Rodovia Washington Luiz, São Carlos, 13565-905, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li S, Amakye WK, Zhao Z, Xin X, Jia Y, Zhang H, Ren Y, Zhou Y, Zhai L, Kang W, Lu X, Guo J, Wang M, Xu Y, Yi J, Ren J. Prognostic value of anthropometric- and biochemistry-based nutrition status indices on blood chemistry panel levels during cancer treatment. Nutrition 2024; 126:112520. [PMID: 39111096 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Body weight, body mass index (BMI), Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) are among vital nutrition status indices employed during cancer treatment. These have also been associated with levels of blood chemistry panels (BCPs), which are touted as significant indicators of disease prognosis. However, it remains unclear which nutrition status index better predicts future trends in specific BCPs. Using the records of 407 cancer patients, we retrospectively examined the potential of nutritional status indices at baseline for predicting changes in specific BCPs over a 6-week period. Generally, both serum biochemical parameters and nutrition status indices fluctuated over the study period among study participants. PNI was often linearly associated with blood cell counts (white blood cells [WBCs] and hemoglobin) compared with anthropometric-based nutrition status indices. Increase in body weight was protective against having abnormal lymphocyte levels at 6 weeks (odds ratio [OR]: 0.960-0.974; CI: 0.935-0.997; P < 0.05), while increase in baseline PNI was associated with 0.865-0.941 and 0.675-0.915 odds of having future abnormal WBC and lymphocyte levels, respectively. Increases in PNI were also protective against having future abnormal albumin levels (OR: 0.734-0.886) and 8.5-12.5% decreases in the odds of having an abnormal C-reactive protein level in subsequent visits. Changes in NRS2002 tended to be associated with the odds of having future abnormal blood glucose levels. In conclusion, the serum biochemistry-derived nutrition status index, PNI, is a more consistent measure as an early indicator to track the trends of future changes in the BCPs of cancer patients. This implies that PNI could be targeted as an early-warning measure with relevant preventive interventions for patients at risk of malnutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suyun Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Cancer Hospital/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - William Kwame Amakye
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Zikuan Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaowei Xin
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Cancer Hospital/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ying Jia
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Cancer Hospital/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Cancer Hospital/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yuwei Ren
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Cancer Hospital/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Langfang, 065001, China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Cancer Hospital/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Langfang, 065001, China
| | - Lina Zhai
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Cancer Hospital/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Langfang, 065001, China
| | - Weicong Kang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Cancer Hospital/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Langfang, 065001, China
| | - Xuemin Lu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Cancer Hospital/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Langfang, 065001, China
| | - Ji Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongzhao Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Junlin Yi
- Department of Radiotherapy, National Cancer Hospital/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jiaoyan Ren
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Glass DJ, Godwin J, Bez E, Corley MK, Valeggia CR, Martin MA. Longitudinal analysis of cortisol changes during pubertal development in indigenous Qom girls. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e24133. [PMID: 39034658 PMCID: PMC11486589 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Pubertal research has primarily focused on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG) regulation of puberty, though the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) is increasingly considered critical. Heightened HPA function proxied by increasing cortisol levels may play a role in accelerated pubertal timing. However, the extent to which cortisol varies across ages and its relation to pubertal changes in linear growth are less well substantiated. We explored relationships between age, linear growth, adiposity, C-peptide (proxy for insulin), and cortisol across puberty, and we tested whether higher cortisol levels are associated with earlier ages at menarche and peak height velocity. We utilize longitudinal data (n = 777 urine samples) from Qom females ages 7-14 (n = 46) and test our pre-registered analysis using Bayesian longitudinal mixed effects models and joint modeling techniques. We find limited evidence supporting the overarching hypothesis that HPA upregulation is associated with pubertal maturation or timing. We find some evidence that HPA upregulation, as proxied by cortisol, may be more clearly related to differences in relative linear growth at early-mid puberty, as measured by height-for-age z-scores. Transdisciplinary perspectives on puberty, including the assumption that stressors acting via cortisol accelerate pubertal development, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delaney J Glass
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jessica Godwin
- Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eleanna Bez
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Margaret K Corley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Claudia R Valeggia
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Melanie A Martin
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Robles B, Mota-Bertran A, Saez M, Solans M. Association between ultraprocessed food consumption and excess adiposity in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13796. [PMID: 38956887 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Ultraprocessed foods (UPF) consumption is associated with excess adiposity in adults, but this linkage remains unclear among children and adolescents. The present systematic review sought to address this research gap. Publications up to November 2023 were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Outcomes included overweight/obesity anthropometric and body composition indicators; the exposure was UPF consumption based on the NOVA classification system. The review included 23 studies (i.e., 8 cohort and 15 cross-sectional); approximately half were carried out in Brazil. Inconclusive and heterogeneous evidence exists as few cohort studies found positive/mixed associations between UPF consumption and excess adiposity in pediatric populations, whereas most cross-sectional studies reported null associations. Such inconsistencies may be attributed to underlying methodological issues, especially heterogeneity in the outcomes assessed and UPF consumption operationalization and/or categorization. Future studies should adopt longitudinal designs with sufficiently extended follow-up periods, account for relevant confounding factors, employ validated and standardized measurement tools to assess dietary exposure, ensure consistent operationalization of variables, and encompass diverse geographic contexts. Ultimately, strengthening the quality of existing research evidence may better inform current and forthcoming policy and practice interventions aimed at mitigating the increasing prevalence of overweight/obesity in childhood and across the life course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Robles
- Department of Economics, University of Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Mota-Bertran
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Saez
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Solans
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jain NS, Rahmati K, Delong M, Festekjian J. The waist-to-hip ratio is a superior predictor of complications in breast reconstruction: A prospective pilot study. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2024; 99:145-151. [PMID: 39369570 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2024.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast reconstruction remains common. Identifying the key risk factors for preoperative counseling is key to improving surgical outcomes. The body mass index is a commonly used measure of preoperative risk but remains controversial. We propose that the waist-to-hip ratio, a measure of central adiposity, is superior to the body mass index in predicting complications. METHODS A single surgeon's breast reconstruction patients were prospectively analyzed from 2022-2023. Demographic data, medical comorbidities, and surgical variables were recorded, as were complications including infection, wound breakdown, and loss of reconstruction. Height, weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference were collected to calculate the waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, and body surface area. Statistical analysis and multivariate analysis were performed. RESULTS One hundred patients were evaluated, 50 for alloplastic and 50 for autologous, abdominally based reconstruction. For alloplastic patients, 26% had complications, with a higher waist-to-hip ratio (0.96 v 0.88). On multivariate regression, the waist-to-hip was the only significant independent predictor of complications. For autologous reconstruction, again 26% had complications, with a higher waist-to-hip ratio (0.96 v 0.88). On multivariate regression, the waist-to-hip was the only significant predictor of complications. For both groups, waist-to-hip did not strongly correlate with other morphometric measures. Age and other morphometric measures were not predictive of complications for either set. CONCLUSION The waist-to-hip ratio is a superior predictor of surgical risk to the body mass index in our cohort and could be integrated in plastic surgery practices to improve outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirbhay S Jain
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Kasra Rahmati
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael Delong
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jaco Festekjian
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pescari D, Mihuta MS, Bena A, Stoian D. Comparative Analysis of Dietary Habits and Obesity Prediction: Body Mass Index versus Body Fat Percentage Classification Using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis. Nutrients 2024; 16:3291. [PMID: 39408258 PMCID: PMC11479188 DOI: 10.3390/nu16193291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity remains a widely debated issue, often criticized for the limitations in its identification and classification. This study aims to compare two distinct systems for classifying obesity: body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BFP) as assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). By examining these measures, the study seeks to clarify how different metrics of body composition influence the identification of obesity-related risk factors. Methods: The study enrolled 1255 adults, comprising 471 males and 784 females, with a mean age of 36 ± 12 years. Participants exhibited varying degrees of weight status, including optimal weight, overweight, and obesity. Body composition analysis was conducted using the TANITA Body Composition Analyzer BC-418 MA III device (T5896, Tokyo, Japan), evaluating the following parameters: current weight, basal metabolic rate (BMR), adipose tissue (%), muscle mass (%), and hydration status (%). Results: Age and psychological factors like cravings, fatigue, stress, and compulsive eating were significant predictors of obesity in the BMI model but not in the BFP model. Additionally, having a family history of diabetes was protective in the BMI model (OR: 0.33, 0.11-0.87) but increased risk in the BFP model (OR: 1.66, 1.01-2.76). The BMI model demonstrates exceptional predictive ability (AUC = 0.998). In contrast, the BFP model, while still performing well, exhibits a lower AUC (0.975), indicating slightly reduced discriminative power compared to the BMI model. Conclusions: BMI classification demonstrates superior predictive accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity. This suggests that BMI remains a more reliable measure for identifying obesity-related risk factors compared to the BFP model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Pescari
- Department of Doctoral Studies, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Center for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Monica Simina Mihuta
- Center for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Andreea Bena
- Center for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.B.); (D.S.)
- Discipline of Endocrinology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dana Stoian
- Center for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.B.); (D.S.)
- Discipline of Endocrinology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mansour A, Noori M, Hakemi MS, Haghgooyan Z, Mohajeri-Tehrani MR, Mirahmad M, Sajjadi-Jazi SM. Hyperandrogenism and anthropometric parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:201. [PMID: 39333998 PMCID: PMC11438141 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE One of the main features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is increased adipose tissue, which can result in hormonal disturbances. In the present study, we aimed to investigate which indicator of obesity could better associate with hormonal disturbances in PCOS women. METHODS In this cross-sectional analysis, women with PCOS were included according to the Rotterdam criteria. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for biochemical, metabolic, and hormonal parameters. Anthropometric measures comprised body composition indices (assessed by bioelectric impedance analysis [BIA]), waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Linear regression modeling was used to assess the association between anthropometric indices and hormonal imbalance, adjusted for age, mensuration status, and the homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were utilized to ascertain the sensitivity, specificity, and optimal cut-off points of various anthropometric indices in identifying hyperandrogenism. RESULTS A total of 129 PCOS women with a median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of 32.0 (23.0-32.0) years and a median BMI of 26.3 (23.00-29.70) kg/m2 were enrolled. In the adjusted linear regression model, BMI (β = 0.053, P < 0.001), waist circumference (β = 0.021, P = 0.001), WHtR (β = 3.325, P = 0.002), total fat mass (β = 0.021, P = 0.002), trunk fat mass (β = 0.038, P = 0.006), and leg fat mass (β = 0.045, P = 0.004) were positively associated with free androgen index (FAI). In addition, BMI (β=-0.017, P = 0.003), waist circumference (β=-0.008, P = 0.002), WHtR (β=-1.167, P = 0.004), total fat mass (β=-0.008, P=0.003), trunk fat mass (β=-0.017, P=0.001), and leg fat mass (β=-0.018, P=0.004) were negatively associated with the serum level of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). WHtR showed the greatest area under the curve (AUC) value (AUC = 0.676, P = 0.001) for identifying hyperandrogenism (FAI ≥ 4.97 or total testosterone ≥ 0.7 ng/mL) in PCOS women with corresponding sensitivity of 87.30% and specificity of 39.70%. CONCLUSIONS WHtR is related to hyperandrogenism in PCOS better than other anthropometric measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asieh Mansour
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Noori
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Monir Sadat Hakemi
- Department of Nephrology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ziba Haghgooyan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mohajeri-Tehrani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mirahmad
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sayed Mahmoud Sajjadi-Jazi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Loe M, Broome JM, Mueller L, Simpson JT, Tatum D, McGrew P, Taghavi S, Jackson-Weaver O, DuBose J, Duchesne J. Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in the patient with obesity. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2024:01586154-990000000-00806. [PMID: 39330924 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Palpation of anatomic landmarks is difficult in patients with obesity, which could increase difficulty of achieving femoral access and resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) placement. The primary aim of this study was to examine the association between obesity and successful REBOA placement. We hypothesized that higher body mass index (BMI) would decrease first-attempt success and increase time to successful aortic occlusion (AO). METHODS A review of the Aortic Occlusion for Resuscitation in Trauma and Acute Care Surgery (AORTA) registry was performed on patients who underwent REBOA placement with initiation systolic blood pressure >0 mm Hg from years 2013-2022. Patients were excluded if they received cardiopulmonary resuscitation on arrival, underwent open AO, or missing data entries for variables of interest. Body mass index categorization was as follows: non-obese (<30), class I (30-34.9), class II (35-39.9), and class III (40+) obesity. Patients were also stratified by access technique, including use of palpation or ultrasound guidance. RESULTS Inclusion criteria were met by 410 patients. On binary analysis, no primary outcomes of interest, including rate of success, time to placement, or mortality, were significantly impacted by BMI. Among BMI subgroups, there was no statistical difference in injury severity, admission systolic blood pressure (SBP), or augmented SBP. At initiation of aortic occlusion, patients with class II and class III obesity had higher median SBP compared with non- and class I obese patients (p = 0.03). Body mass index subgroup did not impact likelihood of first-attempt success or conversion to open procedure. When stratified by access technique, there was no difference in success rates, time to success or mortality between groups. CONCLUSION Body habitus did not impact success of REBOA placement, time to successful AO, or mortality. Further, ultrasound guidance was not superior to landmark palpation for arterial access. Following traumatic injury without hemodynamic collapse, obesity should not deter providers from considering REBOA placement. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic/Care management, Observational, Cross-sectional; Level IV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Loe
- From the Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.L., J.M.B., L.M., J.T.S., D.T., P.M., S.T., O.J., J.D.), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; and R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center (J.D.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Parua S, Das A, Hazra A, Chaudhuri P, Bhattacharya K, Dutta S, Sengupta P. Assessing body composition through anthropometry: Implications for diagnosing and managing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2024. [PMID: 39320052 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted endocrine disorder with profound implications for the reproductive and metabolic health of women. The utilization of anthropometric measures in the diagnosis and management of PCOS has gained increasing attention due to their practicality and predictive capacity for associated conditions such as obesity and insulin resistance. This review rigorously explores the application of various anthropometric indices, including body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and advanced metrics such as the body shape index and body roundness index, wrist circumference, neck circumference. These indices offer critical insights into body fat distribution and its association with the metabolic and hormonal perturbations characteristic of PCOS. The review underscores the necessity of addressing obesity, a prevalent comorbidity in PCOS, through lifestyle modifications and personalized therapeutic approaches. By incorporating anthropometric evaluations into routine clinical practice, healthcare professionals can enhance diagnostic precision, optimize treatment strategies, and ultimately improve patient outcomes. This integrative approach not only facilitates the management of the metabolic challenges inherent in PCOS but also contributes to the development of more individualized therapeutic interventions, thereby enhancing the overall quality of life for women affected by PCOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suparna Parua
- School of Paramedics and Allied Health Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Jatni, Odisha, India
| | - Arnab Das
- Department of Sports Science & Yoga, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational & Research Institute, Howrah, West Bengal, India
| | - Anukona Hazra
- School of Paramedics and Allied Health Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Jatni, Odisha, India
| | - Prasenjit Chaudhuri
- Department of Physiology, Government General Degree College, Vidyasagar University, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India
- Department of Physiology, Hooghly Mohsin College, University of Burdwan, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
| | - Koushik Bhattacharya
- School of Paramedics and Allied Health Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Jatni, Odisha, India
| | - Sulagna Dutta
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Pallav Sengupta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yang R, Yu J, Luo C, Qi W, Yang D, Xue H, Ni X, Yu S, Du W, Zhang F. Correlations and consistency of body composition measurement indicators and BMI: a systematic review. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41366-024-01638-9. [PMID: 39313560 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01638-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is critical to accurately determine the level of obesity and health status since overweight/obesity has become a main global public health problem. This systematic review attempted to evaluate the consistency and correlation between body composition measurement indicators and body mass index (BMI) in childhood and adolescence. METHODS Seven electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, WANFANG DATA, SinoMed) were searched to collect the literature published since 1999 with the focus on the relationship between body composition measurement indicators and BMI to measure obesity in childhood and adolescence. RESULTS Among the 28 articles included, 13 articles reported a moderate to very strong correlation between %BF and BMI in obesity measurement (range: 0.49-0.907), while two articles reported a strong to very strong correlation between FM and BMI (range: 0.60-0.86). Six articles reported good to excellent obesity measurement consistency between %BF and BMI (range: 0.441-0.876), one article reported WC (0.58) and WHtR (0.46) in the moderate consistency with BMI, and one article reported a relatively poor to fair consistency between FM and BMI (range: 0.167-0.409). WC, WHtR, and BMI showed the moderate consistency in pre-adolescent children. In pre-adolescence and adolescence, the measurement consistency between %BF and BMI was higher than that between FM and BMI. Gender difference existed in the consistency between %BF and BMI during adolescence. CONCLUSION A range of body composition indicators such as %BF, WC, WHtR, and FM could provide valuable body composition measurements, complement BMI for obesity assessment in children and adolescents, and facilitate efficient and comprehensive surveillance of childhood obesity. REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42024506932.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruohan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinxia Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunyan Luo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Wenjuan Qi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Dongling Yang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Hui Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ni
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuxin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Fengyun Zhang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Phuong-Nguyen K, McGee SL, Aston-Mourney K, Mcneill BA, Mahmood MQ, Rivera LR. Yoyo Dieting, Post-Obesity Weight Loss, and Their Relationship with Gut Health. Nutrients 2024; 16:3170. [PMID: 39339770 PMCID: PMC11435324 DOI: 10.3390/nu16183170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive body weight is associated with many chronic metabolic diseases and weight loss, so far, remains the gold standard treatment. However, despite tremendous efforts exploring optimal treatments for obesity, many individuals find losing weight and maintaining a healthy body weight difficult. Weight loss is often not sustainable resulting in weight regain and subsequent efforts to lose weight. This cyclic pattern of weight loss and regain is termed "yoyo dieting" and predisposes individuals to obesity and metabolic comorbidities. How yoyo dieting might worsen obesity complications during the weight recurrence phase remains unclear. In particular, there is limited data on the role of the gut microbiome in yoyo dieting. Gut health distress, especially gut inflammation and microbiome perturbation, is strongly associated with metabolic dysfunction and disturbance of energy homeostasis in obesity. In this review, we summarise current evidence of the crosstalk between the gastrointestinal system and energy balance, and the effects of yoyo dieting on gut inflammation and gut microbiota reshaping. Finally, we focus on the potential effects of post-dieting weight loss in improving gut health and identify current knowledge gaps within the field, including gut-derived peptide hormones and their potential suitability as targets to combat weight regain, and how yoyo dieting and associated changes in the microbiome affect the gut barrier and the enteric nervous system, which largely remain to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Phuong-Nguyen
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Sean L McGee
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Kathryn Aston-Mourney
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Bryony A Mcneill
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Malik Q Mahmood
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Leni R Rivera
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Eagle SR, Sherry N, Kershaw EE, Basantani MK, Puccio A, McIntyre P, Henry RJ, Okonkwo DO. Impact of obese body mass index on inflammasome blood biomarkers and neurocognitive performance following traumatic brain injury with Glasgow coma scale 13 to 15. J Neurol Sci 2024; 464:123159. [PMID: 39094434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2024.123159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Activation of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a moderating factor between obesity and cognitive impairment in animals, but this has never been tested in humans following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). This is a retrospective cohort analysis of subjects enrolled at a single level 1 trauma center (n = 172). Participants completed Trail Making Test Part A and B (TMT-A and B) at six- and twelve-months, Blood samples were obtained within 24 h of mTBI and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), caspase-1, interleukin-18 (IL-18), and IL-1β were assayed. Obese participants (BMI = 30-34.9) were associated with higher IL-18 (p = 0.03) and IL-1β (p = 0.05) and severely obese participants (BMI > 35.0) were associated with higher IL-1β (p = 0.005) than healthy weight participants. IL-1β was associated with TMT-A at six- (p = 0.01) and twelve-months (p = 0.03) and TMT-B at twelve-months (p = 0.046). The interaction of severely obese BMI and IL-1β was associated with TMT-B at six- (p = 0.049) and twelve-months (p = 0.02). ASC (p = 0.03) and the interaction of ASC with severely obese BMI was associated with TMTB at six- (p = 0.02) and twelve-months (p = 0.02). Obesity may augment acute inflammasome response to mTBI and influence worse long-term cognitive outcomes up to one-year post-injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shawn R Eagle
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Natalie Sherry
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Erin E Kershaw
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Mahesh K Basantani
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Ava Puccio
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Peyton McIntyre
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Rebecca J Henry
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland.
| | - David O Okonkwo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Santos-de-Araújo AD, Bassi-Dibai D, Dourado IM, da Luz Goulart C, Marinho RS, de Almeida Mantovani J, de Souza GS, Dos Santos PB, Roscani MG, Phillips SA, Borghi-Silva A. Type 2 diabetes mellitus negatively affects the functional performance of 6-min step test in chronic heart failure: a 3-year follow-up study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:229. [PMID: 39272115 PMCID: PMC11401430 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01464-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic heart failure (CHF) present a decrease in functional capacity due to the intrinsic nature of both pathologies. It is not known about the potential impact of T2DM on functional capacity when assessed by 6-min step test (6MST) and its effect as a prognostic marker for fatal and non-fatal events in patients with CHF. OBJECTIVE to evaluate the coexistence of T2DM and CHF in functional capacity through 6MST when compared to CHF non-T2DM, as well as to investigate the different cardiovascular responses to 6MST and the risk of mortality, decompensation of CHF and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) over 36 months. METHODS This is a prospective cohort study with 36 months of follow-up in individuals with T2DM and CHF. All participants completed a clinical assessment, followed by pulmonary function testing, echocardiography, and 6MST. The 6MST was performed on a 20 cm high step and cardiovascular responses were collected: heart rate, systemic blood pressure, oxygen saturation, BORG dyspnea and fatigue. The risk of mortality, acute myocardial infarction and decompensation of CHF was evaluated. RESULTS Eighty-six participants were included. The CHF-T2DM group had a significantly lower functional capacity than the CHF non-T2DM group (p < 0.05). Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (L), ejection fraction (%), gender and T2DM influence and are predictors of functional capacity (p < 0.05; adjusted R squared: 0.419). CHF-T2DM group presented a higher risk of mortality and acute myocardial infarction over the 36 months of follow-up (p < 0.05), but not to the risk of decompensation (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION T2DM negatively affects the functional performance of 6MST in patients with CHF. Gender, ejection fraction (%), FEV1 (L) and T2DM itself negatively influence exercise performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aldair Darlan Santos-de-Araújo
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Federal University of Sao Carlos Rodovia Washington Luiz, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Daniela Bassi-Dibai
- Management in Health Programs and Services, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Izadora Moraes Dourado
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Federal University of Sao Carlos Rodovia Washington Luiz, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | | | - Renan Shida Marinho
- Inter-Units of Bioengineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline de Almeida Mantovani
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Federal University of Sao Carlos Rodovia Washington Luiz, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Silva de Souza
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Federal University of Sao Carlos Rodovia Washington Luiz, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | | | - Meliza Goi Roscani
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Shane A Phillips
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Audrey Borghi-Silva
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Federal University of Sao Carlos Rodovia Washington Luiz, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
AboAlheija M, Masarweh E, Qasem Y, Hijaz H, Amer R, Shawahna R. Prevalence of stress urinary incontinence symptoms and their impact on the quality of life of Palestinian women: the first large cross-sectional study among the general population. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:510. [PMID: 39272069 PMCID: PMC11395692 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03360-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little studies were conducted to assess the prevalence of stress urinary incontinence among Palestinian women. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of stress urinary incontinence symptoms, their impact on the quality of life, and the risk factors that were associated with stress incontinence symptoms among Palestinian women. METHODS This study was conducted in a cross-sectional design from 2023 to 2024. The data were collected through an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire collected the demographic and health characteristics of the women. Additionally, the questionnaire also contained the PRAFAB questionnaire (PRAFAB-Q). Moreover, the questionnaire included the Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL)-8D scale. RESULTS Data were collected from 386 Palestinian women (response rate = 85.8%). The mean age of women in this study was 37.1 ± 14.7 years. In this study, 104 (26.9%) reported stress urinary incontinence symptoms. Of the women, 102 (26.4%) reported urinary leakage during coughing, 100 (25.9%) reported urinary leakage during sneezing, and 94 (24.4%) reported urinary leakage during laughing. The women who had a family history of stress incontinence were 2.5-fold (95% CI: 1.2-5.2) more likely to have stress incontinence symptoms compared to the women who did not have a family history of stress incontinence. Similarly, the women who were overweight/obese were 2.0-fold (95% CI: 1.1-3.7) more likely to have stress incontinence symptoms compared to the women who were underweight or had a normal weight. PRAFAB-Q scores were predicted by place of residence, family history of stress incontinence, and being recruited from a hospital. CONCLUSION The study reported a high prevalence of stress urinary incontinence and identified the risk factors that were associated with stress incontinence symptoms among Palestinian women. The findings showed that the intensity of stress urinary incontinence symptoms was associated with deteriorated quality of life of the affected women. These findings could be used by urologists, gynecologists, obstetricians, and other healthcare providers caring for women to design ways to reduce the burden of stress urinary incontinence among Palestinian women and improve their quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad AboAlheija
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Eleen Masarweh
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Yara Qasem
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Hatim Hijaz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
- An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Riad Amer
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
- An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Ramzi Shawahna
- An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, Palestine.
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
- Clinical Research Center, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, Palestine.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Valerio LA, Rzepka MC, Davy-Mendez T, Williams A, Perhac A, Napravnik S, Berkowitz SA, Farel CE, Durr AL. Food Insecurity Prevalence and Risk Factors among Persons with HIV in a Southeastern US Clinical Care Setting. AIDS Behav 2024:10.1007/s10461-024-04497-7. [PMID: 39266889 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-024-04497-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Food insecurity (FI) is associated with adverse health outcomes for persons with HIV (PWH). Little is known about FI among PWH in southern or non-urban settings. We examined FI prevalence, risk factors, and access to services in a southeastern HIV clinic. Among PWH in the UNC CFAR HIV Clinical Cohort who were screened for FI as part of HIV care between 2021 and 2022, we estimated unadjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) comparing the probability of reporting FI by demographic and clinical characteristics. The 479 PWH screened for FI were 65% cisgender men, 62% non-Hispanic Black PWH, a median of 54 years old (IQR 41-62), and 93% with an HIV viral load (VL) < 200 copies/mL. FI prevalence was 36.3% (95% CI 32.3%-40.9%). Cisgender women and transgender adults were more likely to report FI than cisgender men (PRs 1.24 [95% CI 0.97-1.59] and 2.03 [1.32-3.12], respectively). Compared with White PWH, the PR was 1.71 (1.20-2.42) for Black and 2.44 (1.56-3.82) for Hispanic PWH. The PR was 1.42 (0.98-2.05) for PWH with VL ≥ 200 versus < 200 copies/mL. Having no or public versus private health insurance was also associated with FI. PWH with FI had a high prevalence of comorbidities including hypercholesterolemia (49%) and hypertension (48%), though these were not associated with FI. Almost half of PWH with FI were not accessing a food pantry or nutrition assistance program. Identifying FI in PWH is critical as FI is common and may contribute to viral non-suppression, poor comorbidity control, and gender and racial/ethnic health disparities in PWH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara A Valerio
- UNC Medical Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- , 100 Eastowne Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.
| | | | - Thibaut Davy-Mendez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexia Williams
- UNC Medical Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Angela Perhac
- UNC Medical Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sonia Napravnik
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Seth A Berkowitz
- Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Claire E Farel
- UNC Medical Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amy L Durr
- UNC Medical Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hurston JS, Worthy CC, Huefner EA, Sayed MS, Dubose CW, Mabundo LS, Horlyck-Romanovsky MF, Younger-Coleman N, Sumner AE. An Overview of Body Size Preference, Perception and Dissatisfaction in Sub-Saharan Africans Living in the United States. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:3279-3293. [PMID: 39247431 PMCID: PMC11380482 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s474956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Body image affects health practices. With acculturation superimposed on globalization, 21st century body size preferences of African immigrants, one of the fasting growing populations in the United States, are unknown. Therefore, in African immigrants living in America we assessed: 1) body size preference; and 2) body size dissatisfaction. Methods Participants chose two silhouettes from the Stunkard Figure Rating Scale: one for body size preference and one for perceived body size. Each silhouette corresponds to a BMI category: (a) Underweight: 1 and 2; (b) Normal weight: 3 and 4; (c) Overweight: 5, 6 and 7; (d) Obesity: 8 and 9. Dissatisfaction was defined as the difference between silhouette numbers for perceived and preferred body size. Results Characteristics of the 412 participants were: women: 42% (174/412), age 40±11y (mean±SD), range 20-69 y, BMI 27.9±4.6, range 19.5-47.3 kg/m2. As a body size of preference, no one (0/412) chose obese silhouettes. Normal weight silhouettes were chosen as their body size of preference by 75% (131/174) of women and 60% (143/238) of men. Overweight silhouettes were chosen as their preferred body size by 11% (19/174) of women and 26% (62/238) of men. Combining normal and overweight silhouettes into one group, 86% (150/174) of women and 86% (205/238) of men preferred to be either normal or overweight. Underweight silhouettes were preferred by 14% (24/174) of women and 14% (33/238) of men. Dissatisfaction because body size was too large occurred in 78% (135/174) of women and 53% (126/238) of men. Dissatisfaction because body size was too small occurred in 6% (11/174) of women and 16% (38/238) of men. Conclusion African immigrants prefer body sizes which are normal or overweight. However, and presumably attributable to the combined influence of globalization and acculturation, a worrisome fraction of African immigrants favor an underweight silhouette.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamaiica S Hurston
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Diabetes Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charlita C Worthy
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Diabetes Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eliza A Huefner
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Diabetes Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mariam S Sayed
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Diabetes Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher W Dubose
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Diabetes Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lilian S Mabundo
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Diabetes Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Margrethe F Horlyck-Romanovsky
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Diabetes Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Novie Younger-Coleman
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Anne E Sumner
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Diabetes Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lin CH, Lu CW, Lin YC, Ma CY, Kang SC, Liao CH, Fu CY. Evaluation of the cushion effect in blunt abdominal trauma patients: A computerized analysis. Injury 2024; 55:111677. [PMID: 38926016 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2024.111677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity may serve as a protective factor in blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) patients due to a "cushion effect". In this study, we aim to use computed tomography (CT) scans to measure abdominal adiposity and its correlation with injury severity in BAT patients. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of male BAT patients who had undergone CT scans. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were manually measured and height-normalized for analysis at lumbar levels L2 and L3. Statistical methods were used to compare differences in adiposity between patients with and without severe abdominal injuries. For controls, we also compared adipose tissue in patients with and without severe trauma to the chest, where less fat typically accumulates. RESULTS We included 361 male participants and conducted a comparative analysis of their demographic and injury characteristics. Patients without severe abdominal injuries had significantly higher SAT and VAT indices at both L2 and L3 (p < 0.05). However, these measures showed no significant differences between patients with and without severe chest trauma. Solid organ injuries, particularly liver injuries, were associated with decreased SAT and VAT. CONCLUSION Increase abdominal adiposity was linked to lower abdominal injury severity and solid organ injuries, particularly liver injuries. In addition to conventional BMI for evaluating obesity, either subcutaneous or visceral adipose tissue over lumbar levels L2 and L3 can be used to assess the "cushion effect."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hui Lin
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Lu
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung & Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, 222 Maijin Road, Keelung, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Yu Ma
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Artificial Intelligence Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunololgy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ching Kang
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Liao
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Fu
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ngan CBM, Kaur R, Jackson DE. Does high body mass index (>25 kg/m 2) or weight (>80 kg) reduce the effectiveness of anti-D prophylaxis in Rh(D)-negative pregnant women? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vox Sang 2024; 119:902-911. [PMID: 38889996 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn (HDFN) occurs when maternal antibodies, often triggered by foetal antigens, destroy foetal and neonatal red blood cells. Factors like antibody strength, quantity and gestational age influence HDFN severity. Routine antenatal anti-D prophylaxis (RAADP) has significantly reduced HDFN cases. However, the effect of overweight/obesity (body mass index [BMI] > 25/30 kg/m2) on anti-D prophylaxis efficacy remains unclear. This systematic review will examine the impact of BMI on anti D prophylaxis effectiveness in Rh(D) negative pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocols. We searched databases from 1996 to 2023, focusing on studies exploring the link between high BMI/weight and anti-D serum levels in Rh(D)-negative pregnant women with Rh(D)-positive foetuses. Ten eligible studies were included, three suitable for meta-analysis. Study quality was assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting Observation Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist. Statistical analyses included Pearson correlation coefficients and risk differences. RESULTS Our meta-analysis revealed a significant negative correlation (r = -0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.83 to -0.35, p = 0.007) between high BMI/weight and serial anti-D levels in in Rh(D)-negative pregnant women with Rh(D)-positive foetuses. High BMI/weight had lower odds of serial anti-D level exceeding 30 ng/mL (arcsine risk difference [ARD] = 0.376, 95% CI: 0.143-0.610, p = 0.002). Heterogeneity among studies was low (I2 = 0). CONCLUSION While our analysis suggests a potential linkage between high BMI/weight and reduced efficacy of anti-D prophylaxis, caution is warranted due to study limitations. Variability in study design and confounding factors necessitate careful interpretation. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and refine clinical recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C B M Ngan
- Thrombosis and Vascular Diseases Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Kaur
- Thrombosis and Vascular Diseases Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Denise E Jackson
- Thrombosis and Vascular Diseases Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kenney E, Adebiyi VO, Seligman HK, Ehmke MD, Guthrie JF, Coleman-Jensen A, Frongillo EA. Assessing and Monitoring Nutrition Security in the United States: A Narrative Review of Current Measures and Instruments. Curr Nutr Rep 2024; 13:639-667. [PMID: 38916806 PMCID: PMC11327197 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00547-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Because nutrition plays a crucial role in the development of chronic diseases, ensuring nutrition security is important for promoting population health. Nutrition security is defined as having consistent and equitable access to healthy, safe, affordable foods essential to optimal health and well-being. Distinguished from food security, nutrition security consists of two constructs: healthy diets and nutritional status. The study aimed to identify population measures that reflect the important constructs of nutrition security (i.e., healthy diets and nutritional status) to inform U.S. nutrition security assessment and monitoring. RECENT FINDINGS Through a narrative review conducted across multiple databases, associations between subconstructs of healthy diets and nutritional status were identified. Of the six subconstructs that constitute healthy diets, nutrient adequacy and moderation were most often used to assess and monitor healthfulness of U.S. population diets and were associated with health outcomes. There is little evidence of an association between health outcomes and macronutrient balance or diversity in the U.S. Thirteen instruments were identified as potentially suitable for measuring at least one subconstruct of healthy diet in the population. This review highlights the importance of nutrition security in addressing population health challenges. It emphasizes the potential use of multiple instruments and measures to comprehensively monitor population nutrition security and inform intervention strategies. Identifying feasible and practical measures for assessing and monitoring nutrition security is imperative for advancing population health and mitigating the burden of chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Kenney
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Discovery I Building, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| | - Victoria O Adebiyi
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Discovery I Building, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Hilary K Seligman
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Center for Vulnerable Populations, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mariah D Ehmke
- United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Joanne F Guthrie
- United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alisha Coleman-Jensen
- United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Edward A Frongillo
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Discovery I Building, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mboya IB, Fritz J, da Silva M, Sun M, Wahlström J, Magnusson PKE, Sandin S, Yin W, Söderberg S, Pedersen NL, Lagerros YT, Nwaru BI, Kankaanranta H, Chabok A, Leppert J, Backman H, Hedman L, Isaksson K, Michaëlsson K, Häggström C, Stocks T. Time trends of the association of body mass index with mortality in 3.5 million young Swedish adults. Ann Epidemiol 2024; 97:23-32. [PMID: 39019242 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated time trends of the obesity-mortality association, accounting for age, sex, and cause-specific deaths. METHODS We analysed pooled nationwide data in Sweden for 3,472,310 individuals aged 17-39 years at baseline in 1963-2016. Cox regression and flexible parametric survival models investigated BMI-mortality associations in sub-groups of sex and baseline calendar years (men: <1975, 1975-1985, ≥1985 and women: <1985, 1985-1994, ≥1995). RESULTS Comparing men with obesity vs. normal weight, all-cause and "other-cause" mortality associations decreased over periods; HR (95% CI) 1.92 (1.83-2.01) and 1.70 (1.58-1.82) for all-cause and 1.72 (1.58-1.87) and 1.40 (1.28-1.53) for "other-cause" mortality in <1975 and ≥1985, but increased for CVD mortality; HR 2.71 (2.51-2.94) and 3.91 (3.37-4.53). Higher age at death before 1975 coincided with more obesity-related deaths at higher ages. Furthermore, the all-cause mortality association for different ages in men showed no clear differences between periods (p-interaction=0.09), suggesting no calendar effect after accounting for attained age. Similar, but less pronounced, results were observed in women. Associations with cancer mortality showed no clear trends in men or in women. CONCLUSIONS Accounting for differences in age and death causes between calendar periods when investigating BMI-mortality time trends may avoid misinterpreting the risks associated with obesity over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Innocent B Mboya
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Josef Fritz
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marisa da Silva
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ming Sun
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jens Wahlström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven Sandin
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Weiyao Yin
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Söderberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ylva Trolle Lagerros
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Obesity, Academic Specialist Center, Stockholm Health Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bright I Nwaru
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hannu Kankaanranta
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Abbas Chabok
- Center for Clinical Research, Region Västmanland, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jerzy Leppert
- Center for Clinical Research, Region Västmanland, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helena Backman
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Linnea Hedman
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karolin Isaksson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Kristianstad Hospital, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Karl Michaëlsson
- Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christel Häggström
- Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, and Northern Registry Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tanja Stocks
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Said NM, El-Shaer NH. Association of serum trefoil factor 3 and leptin levels with obesity: A case-control study. Cytokine 2024; 181:156690. [PMID: 38996578 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has a detrimental impact on individuals, communities, and healthcare systems. Trefoil factor 3 is a secretory protein involved in metabolic processes related to weight regulation. However, its relation with obesity is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the serum trefoil factor 3 level and to immunohistochemical detect the leptin in obese patients to evaluate their relation to obesity pathogenesis. METHODS As a case-control study, we enrolled 83 non-obese persons as a control group with a BMI (18.5-24.9) and 83 obese persons as a patient group with a BMI > 30. All the study volunteers are subjected to anthropometric measurements, glucose, and lipid profile analysis by colorimetric methods. Serum trefoil factor 3 level was estimated by ELISA and leptin hormone was detected immunohistochemically in the blood using cell block technique. RESULTS ROC curve analysis for TFF3 showed a good relation with obesity with an AUC of 0.891 and a cut-off value of > 96 ng/ml. There was a significant positive correlation between TFF3 and fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. The logistic regression analysis showed that TFF3 is a good risk factor for obesity incidence [p = 0.008; OR = 1.117; (95 % CI): 1.029-1.213]. This was confirmed by multiple linear regression that gave an equation for the possibility of predicting BMI using several factors including TFF3 [BMI = 0.821 + 0.051 × TFF3 + 0.044 × FBS + 0.85 × TC]. The more surprising was the ability of the immunohistochemistry cell block technique to detect leptin antigens associated with an obese person blood not only adipose tissue or serum. CONCLUSION Leptin hormone and TFF3 could be good indicators for obesity incidence. Further research with a larger sample size and in different populations could completely approve our results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noha Mohamed Said
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Nahla H El-Shaer
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bailin SS, Koethe JR. Weight Gain and Antiretroviral Therapy. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2024; 38:499-515. [PMID: 38871568 PMCID: PMC11305935 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) agents as a determinant of body weight in ART-naïve and ART-experienced persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PWH) has become a major focus area in research and clinical settings. Recent studies demonstrating weight-suppressing properties of efavirenz and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate led to re-evaluation of weight gain studies, and a reassessment of whether other agents are weight promoting versus weight neutral. In this review, the authors synthesize recent literature on factors related to obesity, clinical measurements of adiposity, weight gain in ART-naïve and ART-experienced PWH, metabolic consequences of ART and weight gain, and the clinical management of weight gain in PWH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Bailin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, A2200 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - John R Koethe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, A2200 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gupta MK, Gouda G, Vadde R. Relation Between Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Evolutionary Insights, Perspectives and Controversies. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:475-495. [PMID: 38850502 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00572-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Since the mid-twentieth century, obesity and its related comorbidities, notably insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), have surged. Nevertheless, their underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Evolutionary medicine (EM) sheds light on these issues by examining how evolutionary processes shape traits and diseases, offering insights for medical practice. This review summarizes the pathogenesis and genetics of obesity-related IR and T2D. Subsequently, delving into their evolutionary connections. Addressing limitations and proposing future research directions aims to enhance our understanding of these conditions, paving the way for improved treatments and prevention strategies. RECENT FINDINGS Several evolutionary hypotheses have been proposed to unmask the origin of obesity-related IR and T2D, e.g., the "thrifty genotype" hypothesis suggests that certain "thrifty genes" that helped hunter-gatherer populations efficiently store energy as fat during feast-famine cycles are now maladaptive in our modern obesogenic environment. The "drifty genotype" theory suggests that if thrifty genes were advantageous, they would have spread widely, but proposes genetic drift instead. The "behavioral switch" and "carnivore connection" hypotheses propose insulin resistance as an adaptation for a brain-dependent, low-carbohydrate lifestyle. The thrifty phenotype theory suggests various metabolic outcomes shaped by genes and environment during development. However, the majority of these hypotheses lack experimental validation. Understanding why ancestral advantages now predispose us to diseases may aid in drug development and prevention of disease. EM helps us to understand the evolutionary relation between obesity-related IR and T2D. But still gaps and contradictions persist. Further interdisciplinary research is required to elucidate complete mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Gayatri Gouda
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753 006, Odisha, India
| | - Ramakrishna Vadde
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Penny P, Ho WLJ, Villa B, Kayastha A, Englander K, Sapell J, Mhaskar R, Velanovich V. Evaluation of body mass index, ponderal index, visceral cross-sectional area, subcutaneous fat cross-sectional area, and liver volume as predictive factors for obesity-related comorbidities: a retrospective cohort study. J Gastrointest Surg 2024; 28:1420-1423. [PMID: 38852929 DOI: 10.1016/j.gassur.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The body mass index (BMI) is an imperfect clinical measure of obesity that should be used in conjunction with other valid measures of weight-related risk. We studied whether there is a superior measure of obesity-related comorbidities. METHODS Records of bariatric clinic patients who had an abdominal computed tomography (CT) within 1 year of visit were reviewed. The presence of obesity-related comorbidities was determined at the time of the scan. BMI and ponderal index (PI) were calculated, and CT scans were reviewed to determine the visceral cross-sectional area (VCSA), subcutaneous fat cross-sectional area (SFCSA), and liver volume (LV). Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS A higher number of comorbidities were found to be associated with a larger BMI (P = .011), VCSA (P = .014), SFCSA (P = .007), and LV (P = .014), but not a larger PI (P = .11). Of the 16 comorbidities assessed, VCSA and LV were associated with more than BMI and SFCSA. However, each measure could be associated with different comorbidities. A higher BMI was associated with increased insulin use (P = .034), hypertension (P = .007), and history of obstructive sleep apnea (P = .015), none of which were associated with PI. BMI and PI were the only measures associated with a history of deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism (both P < .01). Only SFCSA was found to be associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (P = .029). VCSA (P = .038) and LV (P = .001) were associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. CONCLUSION No measure could account for all obesity-related comorbidities, implying the need for targeted measurements. However, PI was the least effective measure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parker Penny
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Florida, United States.
| | - Wai Lone Jonathan Ho
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Florida, United States
| | - Brian Villa
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Florida, United States
| | - Ahan Kayastha
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Florida, United States
| | - Kate Englander
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Florida, United States
| | - Jacob Sapell
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Florida, United States
| | - Rahul Mhaskar
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Florida, United States
| | - Vic Velanovich
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Florida, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Umbrello M, Sterchele ED, Cioata AC, Mistraletti G, Formenti P. The effect of protein administration during critical illness depends on body composition: A secondary analysis of a prospective, observational study. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1993-1996. [PMID: 39053327 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The most adequate amount of protein that should be administered to critically ill patients is still debated and diverging findings are recently accumulating. We hypothesized that the effect of protein administration might depend on the amount of muscle mass. METHODS A secondary analysis of a single-centre prospective observational study of body composition in critically ill patients. Mechanically-ventilated subjects with an expected intensive care unit (ICU) stay >72 h were enrolled. Within 24 h from ICU admission, bioimpedance-derived muscle mass (BIA MM) and rectus femoris cross-sectional area (RF CSA) were measured. The amount of proteins and calories administered on the 7th ICU day was recorded. RESULTS We enrolled 94 subjects (65 males, actual body weight 72.9 ± 14.4 Kg, BMI 26.0 ± 4.8 kg/m2). Actual body weight was only weakly related to BIA MM (R = 0.478, p < 0.001) and not related to RF CSA (R = 0.114, p = 0.276). A higher protein intake was associated with a reduced mortality in the highest quartile of BIA MM (OR 0.68 [0.46; 0.99] per each 10 g of proteins administered) and in the third (OR 0.74 [0.57; 0.98]) and highest quartile of RF CSA (OR 0.68 [0.48; 0.96]). CONCLUSION A higher protein intake was associated with lower ICU mortality only in patients admitted with a higher muscle mass, as either assessed by BIA or muscle ultrasound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Umbrello
- SC Rianimazione e Anestesia Legnano, ASST Ovest Milanese, Ospedale Civile di Legnano, Legnano MI, Italy.
| | - Elda Diletta Sterchele
- SC Rianimazione e Anestesia Legnano, ASST Ovest Milanese, Ospedale Civile di Legnano, Legnano MI, Italy
| | - Ada Cosmina Cioata
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mistraletti
- SC Rianimazione e Anestesia Legnano, ASST Ovest Milanese, Ospedale Civile di Legnano, Legnano MI, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Formenti
- SC Anestesia e Rianimazione, ASST Nord Milano, Ospedale E. Bassini, Cinisello Balsamo MI, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Khurmah MHA, Alkhatatbeh MJ, Alshogran OY, Alarda HM. Prevalence and risk factors of osteopenia and osteoporosis among postmenopausal women: A cross-sectional study from Jordan. Public Health Nurs 2024; 41:996-1005. [PMID: 39037197 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim was to predict the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis and their associated risk factors among postmenopausal women from Jordan. METHODOLOGY In this cross-sectional study, a total of 368 postmenopausal women were recruited from King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH) in the North of Jordan between September 2022 and April 2023. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. T-score was used for osteoporosis diagnosis in accordance with the International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) guidelines. Data about sociodemographic and lifestyle variables were collected using face-to-face interviews. Medical records were used to retrieve participants' BMD information. Predictors of osteoporosis were identified using logistic regression. RESULTS Prevalence of osteoporosis was 40.5%, while 44.6% of participants were diagnosed with osteopenia. The lumbar spine had the highest frequency of osteoporosis (30.4%), while the left femoral neck had the highest prevalence of osteopenia (46.3%). Postmenopausal women's age (p-value = .024), and history of chronic diseases (p-value = .038) were significant factors associated with increased osteoporosis risk. CONCLUSIONS Postmenopausal women from Jordan had high prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia. It is therefore necessary to target risk factors leading to osteoporosis and to improve patients' lifestyles through patient education. Healthcare systems should consider early screening approaches for osteoporosis at the age of menopause and thereafter. Supplements of calcium and vitamin D may be routinely considered for this age group depending on their serum levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manar H Abu Khurmah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad J Alkhatatbeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Osama Y Alshogran
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hamza M Alarda
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Basgul C, MacDonald DW, Klein GR, Piuzzi NS, Kurtz SM. Retrieval Analysis of Titanium Nitride Coatings for Orthopaedic Implants. J Arthroplasty 2024; 39:S272-S279. [PMID: 39019413 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first generation of titanium nitride (TiN) coatings for orthopaedic implants was clinically introduced in the 1990s because of their promising biocompatibility, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. This study evaluated the in vivo performance of early TiN-coated knee and hip implants, focusing on the bearing surfaces and mechanisms of in vivo damage. METHODS There were 13 TiN-coated implants (5 knee and 8 hip) retrieved from 8 patients as part of a multi-institutional implant retrieval program. The average implantation time was 4.25 years for knees and 17.5 years for hips. Implant revisions occurred for various reasons, including polyethylene wear, loosening, pain, infection, and instability. Components were examined using a semiquantitative scoring method, and surface roughness measurements were performed using white-light interferometry. Surface morphology, chemistry, and particle characterization were also assessed by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS For hips, mild corrosion was found on femoral head tapers, along with severe scratching on certain femoral heads. Knee implants exhibited low burnishing and scratching for both mechanisms. Roughness measurements (Sa) were 37.3 nm (interquartile range = 22.0 to 62.4) for hips and 85.3 nm (interquartile range = 66.3 to 110) for knees. The observed scratch depth in both hip and knee implants due to third-body particles ranged from 0.3 to 1.3 μm. The coating coverage remained intact in the majority of the implants, with 2 cases of small, localized cohesive chipping and substrate exposure. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study confirm the potential in vivo durability of early TiN coatings and will be useful in benchmarking wear tests for modern TiN-coated orthopaedic implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cemile Basgul
- Implant Research Core, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel W MacDonald
- Implant Research Core, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gregg R Klein
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | - Nicolas S Piuzzi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Steven M Kurtz
- Implant Research Core, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ralph-Nearman C, Hooper MA, Achee M, Tomarken A, Filik R. Is There a Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Eating Disorder Symptoms in Professional Male Fashion Models? Am J Mens Health 2024; 18:15579883241279507. [PMID: 39305239 PMCID: PMC11421395 DOI: 10.1177/15579883241279507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study is the first to examine the utility of body mass index (BMI) as an indicator of eating disorder (ED) pathology and fitness for employment for professional male fashion models. We assessed the relationship between experimenter-measured BMI, muscle mass, body fat percentage, and ED severity (EDE-Q score) in male models and nonmodels. Except for higher eating concern, the two groups displayed similar EDE-Q scores after controlling for age. Models relative to nonmodels endorsed significantly greater frequency of compulsive exercise and self-induced vomiting as a means of controlling shape or weight. BMI was a poor indicator of body fat percentage in models. Lower BMI in models, and higher BMI in nonmodels, was associated with higher EDE-Q scores. Interestingly, all the male models with clinically significant EDE-Q scores (≥4.0) had >18.5 experimenter-measured BMI. Higher muscle mass in models, and lower muscle mass in nonmodels, was associated with higher EDE-Q scores. Inversely, lower percentage body fat in models, and higher percentage body fat in nonmodels, was associated with higher EDE-Q scores. BMI, muscle mass, and percentage body fat were associated with ED tendencies in male models and nonmodels. Findings also suggest males with clinical ED symptoms would be overlooked if only low BMI (<18.5) was considered. These results may guide the development of more effective mandates to safeguard models' wellbeing, and men generally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Ralph-Nearman
- Department of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Madison A Hooper
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Margaret Achee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrew Tomarken
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ruth Filik
- Department of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Pinto A, Ahring K, Almeida MF, Ashmore C, Bélanger-Quintana A, Burlina A, Coşkun T, Daly A, van Dam E, Dursun A, Evans S, Feillet F, Giżewska M, Gökmen-Özel H, Hickson M, Hoekstra Y, Ilgaz F, Jackson R, Leśniak A, Loro C, Malicka K, Patalan M, Rocha JC, Sivri S, Rodenburg I, van Spronsen F, Strączek K, Tokatli A, MacDonald A. Longitudinal Dietary Intake Data in Patients with Phenylketonuria from Europe: The Impact of Age and Phenylketonuria Severity. Nutrients 2024; 16:2909. [PMID: 39275225 PMCID: PMC11396810 DOI: 10.3390/nu16172909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In phenylketonuria (PKU), natural protein intake is thought to increase with age, particularly during childhood and adolescence. Longitudinal dietary intake data are scarce and lifelong phenylalanine tolerance remains unknown. Nine centres managing PKU in Europe and Turkey participated in a retrospective study. Data were collected from dietetic records between 2012 and 2018 on phenylalanine (Phe), natural protein, and protein substitute intake. A total of 1323 patients (age range: 1-57 y; 51% male) participated. Dietary intake data were available on 1163 (88%) patients. Patient numbers ranged from 59 to 320 in each centre. A total of 625 (47%) had classical PKU (cPKU), n = 357 (27%) had mild PKU (mPKU), n = 325 (25%) had hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA), and n = 16 (1%) were unknown. The mean percentage of blood Phe levels within target ranged from 65 ± 54% to 88 ± 49%. When intake was expressed as g/day, the mean Phe/natural protein and protein equivalent from protein substitute gradually increased during childhood, reaching a peak in adolescence, and then remained consistent during adulthood. When intake was expressed per kg body weight (g/kg/day), there was a decline in Phe/natural protein, protein equivalent from protein substitute, and total protein with increasing age. Overall, the mean daily intake (kg/day) was as follows: Phe, 904 mg ± 761 (22 ± 23 mg/kg/day), natural protein 19 g ± 16 (0.5 g/kg/day ± 0.5), protein equivalent from protein substitute 39 g ± 22 (1.1 g/kg/day ± 0.6), and total protein 59 g ± 21 (1.7 g/kg/day ± 0.6). Natural protein tolerance was similar between males and females. Patients with mPKU tolerated around 50% less Phe/natural protein than HPA, but 50% more than cPKU. Higher intakes of natural protein were observed in Southern Europe, with a higher prevalence of HPA and mPKU compared with patients from Northern European centres. Natural protein intake doubled with sapropterin usage. In sapropterin-responsive patients, 31% no longer used protein substitutes. Close monitoring and optimisation of protein intake prescriptions are needed, along with future guidelines specifically for different age groups and severities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Pinto
- Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK
- School of Health Professions, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 6AB, UK
| | - Kirsten Ahring
- Department of PKU, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 København, Denmark
| | - Manuela Ferreira Almeida
- Centro de Genética Médica, Unidade Local de Saúde de Santo António, E.P.E. (ULSSA), 4099-028 Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Referência na área de Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Unidade Local de Saúde de Santo António, E.P.E. (ULSSA), 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto-UMIB/ICBAS/UP, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Amaya Bélanger-Quintana
- Unidad de Enfermedades Metabólicas Congénitas, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Burlina
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Reference Centre Expanded Newborn Screening, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Turgay Coşkun
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Anne Daly
- Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK
| | - Esther van Dam
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Dursun
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sharon Evans
- Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK
| | - François Feillet
- Department of Paediatrics, Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Hôpital d'Enfants Brabois, CHU Nancy, 54500 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Maria Giżewska
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases, and Cardiology of the Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Hulya Gökmen-Özel
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mary Hickson
- School of Health Professions, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 6AB, UK
| | - Yteke Hoekstra
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fatma Ilgaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Richard Jackson
- Cancer Research UK Liverpool Cancer Trials Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK
| | - Alicja Leśniak
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases, and Cardiology of the Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Christian Loro
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Reference Centre Expanded Newborn Screening, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Malicka
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases, and Cardiology of the Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Michał Patalan
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases, and Cardiology of the Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Júlio César Rocha
- Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- CINTESIS, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- Reference Centre of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Unidade Local de Saúde, 1169-045 Lisboa, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Serap Sivri
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Iris Rodenburg
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francjan van Spronsen
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kamilla Strączek
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases, and Cardiology of the Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ayşegül Tokatli
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kvacskay P, Hegenbart U, Lorenz HM, Schönland SO, Blank N. bDMARD can prevent the progression of AA amyloidosis to end-stage renal disease. Ann Rheum Dis 2024; 83:1200-1207. [PMID: 38653531 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-225114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AA amyloidosis (AA) can be the consequence of any chronic inflammatory disease. AA is associated with chronic inflammatory diseases (cid+AA), autoinflammatory syndromes (auto+AA) or AA of unknown origin or idiopathic AA (idio+AA). The major organ manifestation is renal AA that can progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and multiple organ failure. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study is a monocentric retrospective analysis of the renal outcome and survival of patients with cid+AA (n=34), auto+AA (n=24) and idio+AA (n=25) who were treated with cytokine-inhibiting biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs). RESULTS 83 patients with renal AA were identified and followed for a mean observational period of 4.82 years. C reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid alpha and proteinuria were significantly reduced with bDMARD therapy. Progression to ESRD was prevented in 60% (cid+AA), 88% (auto+AA) and 81% (idio+AA) of patients. Tocilizumab was given to 34 patients with cid+AA and idio+AA and was more effective in reducing CRP and progression to ESRD and death compared with other bDMARDs. CONCLUSIONS bDMARDs reduce systemic inflammation in various diseases, leading to a reduction of proteinuria and prevention of ESRD. Importantly, tocilizumab was more effective than other bDMARDs in controlling systemic inflammation in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases and idiopathic AA, leading to better renal and overall survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kvacskay
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ute Hegenbart
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanns-Martin Lorenz
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan O Schönland
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Blank
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Osman HA, Abuhamdah SMA, Hassan MH, Hashim AA, Ahmed AE, Elsayed SS, El-Sawy SA, Gaber MA, Abdelhady M. NLRP3 inflammasome pathway involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic associated fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19648. [PMID: 39179677 PMCID: PMC11344024 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has been steadily increasing worldwide, paralleling the global epidemic of obesity and diabetes. It is estimated that approximately one-quarter of the global population is affected by MAFLD. Despite its high prevalence, MAFLD often goes undiagnosed due to the lack of specific symptoms in its early stages. However, as the disease progresses, it can lead to more severe liver-related complications such as fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the expression levels of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing proteins (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 [NLRP3] inflammasome pathway components, NLRP3 and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) genes in patients with MAFLD with various degrees of steatosis and fibrosis. Participants were classified into two equal groups; MAFLD group: consisted of 120 patients with different degrees of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis based on fibro scan results. The non-MAFLD group was comprised of 107 participants. Molecular analysis of pyrin domain-containing protein 3 and IL-1β relative gene expressions was performed in the blood of all participants, using Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Patients with post-MAFLD hepatic fibrosis had significantly higher relative gene expression levels of IL-1β and NLRP3; with IL-1β > 1.1 had AUC of 0.919, sensitivity of 88.33, specificity of 96.26, PPV of 96.4, and NPV of 88 and 92.3 accuracy (p value < 0.001). NLRP3 > 1.33 had a sensitivity of 97.5, specificity of 99.07, PPV of 99.2, NPV of 97.2, and 98.3 accuracy with an AUC of 0.991 (p value < 0.001) as predictors of post-MAFLD hepatic fibrosis.. A significant increase in the mean relative gene expression levels of both IL-1β and NLRP3 found in patients with early fibrosis (F0-F1-2); 31.97 ± 11.8 and 6.76 ± 2.18, respectively; compared with patients with advanced hepatic fibrosis stages (F2-F3); 2.62 ± 3.71 and 4.27 ± 2.99 (p < 0.001 each). The present study provides novel evidence for the possible involvement of IL-1β and NLRP3 inflammasome in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease pathogenesis and could be valid markers for the early detection of post-MAFLD hepatic fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heba Ahmed Osman
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Sawsan M A Abuhamdah
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, P.O. Box: 13380, Amman, 11942, Jordan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, P.O. Box: 112612, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Mohammed H Hassan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
- Department of Biochemistry, Clinical Pharmacy Program, South Valley National University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
| | | | - Abdelazeem E Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Sameh Salaheldin Elsayed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Samer A El-Sawy
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Petra, Amman, 11196, Jordan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Gaber
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Marwa Abdelhady
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Luxor University, Luxor, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
He Y, Gao M, Hu M, Ban Y, Li Z, Hu S, Cao S, Deng L, Xiao S, Xie X. The nonlinear relationship between triglyceride glucose-waist circumference and stroke risk in middle-aged and elderly people: a nationwide prospective cohort study of the CHARLS. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:264. [PMID: 39174982 PMCID: PMC11340041 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Numerous research have focused on the relationship of metabolic markers and stroke risk, yet limited research has focused on the triglyceride glucose-waist circumference (TyG-WC) index. This study explored the possible association of TyG-WC and stroke among moderately aged and old Chinese adults over 45 years of age. METHODS This observational cohort analysis involved 9054 participants from the Chinese Longitudinal Study of Health and Retirement and employed a standardized questionnaire administered via in-person interviews. Cox proportional hazard model, smoothed curve fitting, and threshold effect analysis were conducted for examining the potential nonlinear relationships among TyG-WC and stroke risk. RESULTS Within an average follow-up period of six years, 463 new strokes occurred, representing 5.11% of the total number of patients. After adjusting for possible confounding factors, a nonlinear association between TyG-WC and stroke risk was identified, with a significant dose-response relationship (P = 0.023 for the log-likelihood ratio test). A turning point was identified at the TyG-WC level of 554.48, beyond that the likelihood of stroke increased markedly (HR = 1.323, 95% CI = 1.098-1.594, P = 0.003). CONCLUSION This study revealed a specific curvilinear association with the TyG-WC score and stroke risk, identifying a key threshold value. This study focused on Chinese middle-aged and senior adults over the age of 45, emphasizing that increased stroke risk is linked to higher TyG-WC levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu He
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Maofeng Gao
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Minli Hu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Ban
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | | | - Shoudi Hu
- School of Nursing, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Simin Cao
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen, University/Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liping Deng
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen, University/Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shiyan Xiao
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen, University/Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohua Xie
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen, University/Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|