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Sudlovenick E, Jenkins E, Loseto L. Comparative review of One Health and Indigenous approaches to wildlife research in Inuit Nunangat. One Health 2024; 19:100846. [PMID: 39091975 PMCID: PMC11292360 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
There is increasing interest in One Health and Indigenous methodologies and approaches in wildlife research, but they are not widely used research applications in the Arctic. Both approaches are wide in scope and originate from different knowledge systems but are often compared synonymously. We review the literature of overlap between the term One Health and Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit (Inuit Indigenous Knowledge) throughout Inuit Nunaat on wildlife research. Three databases (SCOPUS, Web of Science, and BIOSIS) were used to find English language articles and books within the bounds of Inuit Nunaat. While One Health and Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit research approaches share synergies, they are fundamentally disparate owing to their differences in epistemology, including views on the natural environment and wildlife management. We describe current examples of One Health being operationalized in Inuit Nunaat and identify potential to address larger and more complex questions about wildlife health, with examples from terrestrial and marine Arctic wildlife. Both Indigenous methodologies and One Health naturally have a human component at their core, which seamlessly lends itself to discussions on wildlife management, as human actions and regulations directly impact environment and wildlife health.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Sudlovenick
- Centre for Earth Observation Science (CEOS), Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, 500 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - E. Jenkins
- Centre for Earth Observation Science (CEOS), Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, 500 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7H 5B4, Canada
| | - L. Loseto
- Centre for Earth Observation Science (CEOS), Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, 500 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Freshwater Institute, Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada
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2
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Twort VG, Laine VN, Field KA, Whiting-Fawcett F, Ito F, Reiman M, Bartonicka T, Fritze M, Ilyukha VA, Belkin VV, Khizhkin EA, Reeder DM, Fukui D, Jiang TL, Lilley TM. Signals of positive selection in genomes of palearctic Myotis-bats coexisting with a fungal pathogen. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:828. [PMID: 39227786 PMCID: PMC11370307 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10722-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Disease can act as a driving force in shaping genetic makeup across populations, even species, if the impacts influence a particularly sensitive part of their life cycles. White-nose disease is caused by a fungal pathogen infecting bats during hibernation. The mycosis has caused massive population declines of susceptible species in North America, particularly in the genus Myotis. However, Myotis bats appear to tolerate infection in Eurasia, where the fungal pathogen has co-evolved with its bat hosts for an extended period of time. Therefore, with susceptible and tolerant populations, the fungal disease provides a unique opportunity to tease apart factors contributing to tolerance at a genomic level to and gain an understanding of the evolution of non-harmful in host-parasite interactions. To investigate if the fungal disease has caused adaptation on a genomic level in Eurasian bat species, we adopted both whole-genome sequencing approaches and a literature search to compile a set of 300 genes from which to investigate signals of positive selection in genomes of 11 Eurasian bats at the codon-level. Our results indicate significant positive selection in 38 genes, many of which have a marked role in responses to infection. Our findings suggest that white-nose syndrome may have applied a significant selective pressure on Eurasian Myotis-bats in the past, which can contribute their survival in co-existence with the pathogen. Our findings provide an insight on the selective pressure pathogens afflict on their hosts using methodology that can be adapted to other host-pathogen study systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Twort
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, BatLab Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - V N Laine
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, BatLab Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K A Field
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | - F Whiting-Fawcett
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - F Ito
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, BatLab Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Reiman
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, BatLab Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Bartonicka
- Dept. Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - M Fritze
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Bat Observatory, Berlin, Germany
- Competence Center for Bat Conservation Saxony Anhalt, in the South Harz Karst Landscape Biosphere Reserve, Südharz, Germany
| | - V A Ilyukha
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Russia
| | - V V Belkin
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - E A Khizhkin
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - D M Reeder
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | - D Fukui
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo Fuji Iyashinomori Woodland Study Center, The University of Tokyo, Yamanakako, Japan
| | - T L Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - T M Lilley
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, BatLab Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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3
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Farias LABG, Sousa MM, Cavalcante KF, Jucá MPC, Castro ADO, Mello LP, Mesquita RF, Bandeira SP, Marchi AP, Coelho TMS, Lima Neto AS, Arruda ÉAGD, Costa SF, Oliveira MSD, Perdigão Neto LV. Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus: an emergent cause of meningoencephalitis in Northeastern Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2024; 66:e51. [PMID: 39194143 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202466051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study describes an outbreak of Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus infections that caused meningoencephalitis and bacteremia related to unpasteurized milk consumption in northeastern Brazil. Epidemiological investigations and a brief literature review were conducted. Strains with possible neurotropism had not been identified in Brazil before these cases; however, in 2023, another case of meningoencephalitis caused by Streptococcus equi sp. zooepidemicus was described, revealing the need to maintain surveillance and highlighting that these neurotropic strains continue to circulate in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Arthur Brasil Gadelha Farias
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM 49) São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital São José de Doenças Infecciosas, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana Paula Marchi
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM 49) São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tânia Mara Silva Coelho
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Silvia Figueiredo Costa
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM 49) São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maura Salaroli de Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM 49) São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lauro Vieira Perdigão Neto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM 49) São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital São José de Doenças Infecciosas, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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4
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Yousery A, Soliman DE, Samy AA, Allam AM, Shaalan MG, Abdel Hamid AE. Molecular detection of some zoonotic tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from camels (Camelus dromedarius) as hosts and wild rodents as potential reservoirs. Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10488-9. [PMID: 39145855 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10488-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Ticks and tick-borne pathogens pose a great threat to human and animal health. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of ticks that infest camels and investigate the presence of tick-borne pathogens in the blood of camels, associated ticks, and surrounding rodents as reservoirs. From 100 inspected camels, from different localities in the Giza governorate, 1000 ixodid ticks were collected; these ticks belonged to three genera: Hyalomma, Amblyomma, and Rhipicephalus. The genus Hyalomma was represented by four species, Hyalomma dromedarii was the most prevalent species (55.4%), followed by Hyalomma excavatum (22%), Hyalomma impeltatum (11.6%) and Hyalomma rufipes (2.8%). The genus Amblyomma was represented by two species, Amblyomma gemma (2.8%) and Amblyomma marmoreum (2.7%), while the genus Rhipicephalus was represented by only one species, Rhipicephalus pulchellus (2.7%). Ticks, camel blood, and rodents (total number 100 brown rats) are screened for tick-borne pathogens (Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia miyamotoi, Babesia sp., and Coxiella burnetii) using PCR. Camel blood was found to be infected with Borrelia burgdorferi (66.6%), Borrelia miyamotoi (55%), and Babesia sp. (11.6%). Coxiella burnetii DNA was detected in all the collected ticks but was not detected in the blood of camels or rodents. Borrelia miyamotoi was detected in 12.5% of H. impeltatum, 55% of Camels, and 6% of the rodents, which may indicate a proposed risk of dispersal of B. miyamotoi, the agent of tick-borne relapsing fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayat Yousery
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa E Soliman
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - A A Samy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Ahmad M Allam
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Mona G Shaalan
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira E Abdel Hamid
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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5
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Sarker S. Wildlife Viruses: Impact on Human and Animal Health. Viruses 2024; 16:1244. [PMID: 39205217 PMCID: PMC11360671 DOI: 10.3390/v16081244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant rise in the appearance of new viral infectious diseases among wildlife populations globally [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Subir Sarker
- Biomedical Sciences and Molecular Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia;
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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6
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Baines CB, Shaw AK. Parasite prevalence is determined by infection state- and risk-dependent dispersal of the host. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230130. [PMID: 38913060 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The spread of parasites and the emergence of disease are currently threatening global biodiversity and human welfare. To address this threat, we need to better understand those factors that determine parasite persistence and prevalence. It is known that dispersal is central to the spatial dynamics of host-parasite systems. Yet past studies have typically assumed that dispersal is a species-level constant, despite a growing body of empirical evidence that dispersal varies with ecological context, including the risk of infection and aspects of host state such as infection status (parasite-dependent dispersal; PDD). Here, we develop a metapopulation model to understand how different forms of PDD shape the prevalence of a directly transmitted parasite. We show that increasing host dispersal rate can increase, decrease or cause a non-monotonic change in regional parasite prevalence, depending on the type of PDD and characteristics of the host-parasite system (transmission rate, virulence, and dispersal mortality). This result contrasts with previous studies with parasite-independent dispersal which concluded that prevalence increases with host dispersal rate. We argue that accounting for host dispersal responses to parasites is necessary for a complete understanding of host-parasite dynamics and for predicting how parasite prevalence will respond to changes such as human alteration of landscape connectivity. This article is part of the theme issue 'Diversity-dependence of dispersal: interspecific interactions determine spatial dynamics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina B Baines
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Allison K Shaw
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota , St Paul, MN 55108, USA
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7
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Moore KA, Mehr AJ, Ostrowsky JT, Ulrich AK, Moua NM, Fay PC, Hart PJ, Golding JP, Benassi V, Preziosi MP, Broder CC, de Wit E, Formenty PBH, Freiberg AN, Gurley ES, Halpin K, Luby SP, Mazzola LT, Montgomery JM, Spiropoulou CF, Mourya DT, Parveen S, Rahman M, Roth C, Wang LF, Osterholm MT. Measures to prevent and treat Nipah virus disease: research priorities for 2024-29. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024:S1473-3099(24)00262-7. [PMID: 38964362 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00262-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Nipah virus causes highly lethal disease, with case-fatality rates ranging from 40% to 100% in recognised outbreaks. No treatments or licensed vaccines are currently available for the prevention and control of Nipah virus infection. In 2019, WHO published an advanced draft of a research and development roadmap for accelerating development of medical countermeasures, including diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines, to enable effective and timely emergency response to Nipah virus outbreaks. This Personal View provides an update to the WHO roadmap by defining current research priorities for development of Nipah virus medical countermeasures, based primarily on literature published in the last 5 years and consensus opinion of 15 subject matter experts with broad experience in development of medical countermeasures for Nipah virus or experience in the epidemiology, ecology, or public health control of outbreaks of Nipah virus. The research priorities are organised into four main sections: cross-cutting issues (for those that apply to more than one category of medical countermeasures), diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. The strategic goals and milestones identified in each section focus on key achievements that are needed over the next 6 years to ensure that the necessary tools are available for rapid response to future outbreaks of Nipah virus or related henipaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine A Moore
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Angela J Mehr
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Julia T Ostrowsky
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Angela K Ulrich
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nicolina M Moua
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emmie de Wit
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | | | | | - Emily S Gurley
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kim Halpin
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Joel M Montgomery
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Mahmudur Rahman
- Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network, Bangladesh Country Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Cathy Roth
- UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, London, UK
| | | | - Michael T Osterholm
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Barber MF, Fitzgerald JR. Mechanisms of host adaptation by bacterial pathogens. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2024; 48:fuae019. [PMID: 39003250 PMCID: PMC11308195 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of new infectious diseases poses a major threat to humans, animals, and broader ecosystems. Defining factors that govern the ability of pathogens to adapt to new host species is therefore a crucial research imperative. Pathogenic bacteria are of particular concern, given dwindling treatment options amid the continued expansion of antimicrobial resistance. In this review, we summarize recent advancements in the understanding of bacterial host species adaptation, with an emphasis on pathogens of humans and related mammals. We focus particularly on molecular mechanisms underlying key steps of bacterial host adaptation including colonization, nutrient acquisition, and immune evasion, as well as suggest key areas for future investigation. By developing a greater understanding of the mechanisms of host adaptation in pathogenic bacteria, we may uncover new strategies to target these microbes for the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases in humans, animals, and the broader environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F Barber
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States
| | - J Ross Fitzgerald
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
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9
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Byrne AW, Morgan ER. Emerging and Endemic Infections in Wildlife: Epidemiology, Ecology and Management in a Changing World. Pathogens 2024; 13:513. [PMID: 38921810 PMCID: PMC11207017 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The importance of gaining a greater understanding of the infectious diseases of wild animal populations and the impact of emerging and re-emerging pathogens has never been more sharply in focus than in the current post-COVID-19 world [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W. Byrne
- One-Health Scientific Support Unit, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Agriculture House, D02 WK12 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eric R. Morgan
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK;
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Bertram MG, Costi MP, Thoré ESJ, Sabo-Attwood T, Brooks BW. One Health. Curr Biol 2024; 34:R517-R519. [PMID: 38834019 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Bertram and colleagues introduce the One Health concept, an interdisciplinary framework that aims to sustainably advance and safeguard the health of humans, animals, and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Bertram
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Maria Paola Costi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Eli S J Thoré
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; TRANSfarm - Science, Engineering, and Technology Group, KU Leuven, Lovenjoel, Belgium
| | - Tara Sabo-Attwood
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions and One Health Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Environmental Health Science Program, Department of Environmental Science, Department of Public Health, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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Rodríguez-Escolar I, Hernández-Lambraño RE, Sánchez-Agudo JÁ, Collado-Cuadrado M, Sioutas G, Papadopoulos E, Morchón R. Ecological niche modeling analysis (Cx. pipiens), potential risk and projection of Dirofilaria spp. infection in Greece. Vet Parasitol 2024; 328:110172. [PMID: 38547829 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases continue to increase worldwide. Dirofilariosis is one of the most common vector-borne zoonotic diseases, mainly caused by Dirofilaria spp. (D. immitis and D. repens) and spread by culicid mosquitoes of different species. Greece is one of the countries in southern Europe where it is traditionally endemic, and its distribution is not homogeneous. The aim of this study was to develop an environmental model for Greece that reflects the suitability of the ecological niche for Dirofilaria spp. infection risk and its projection until 2080. For this purpose, we used the potential distribution of suitable habitats for Culex pipiens calculated using an ecological niche model (ENM) and the potential number of generations of Dirofilaria spp. The ecological niche model of Cx. pipiens in Greece showed good predictive power (AUC=0.897) with the parasite at a resolution of 1 km2. The variables that contributed most to the model were mean annual temperature, rivers and human footprint. The highest risk of infection was found in coastal areas and in riverside areas of the main river basins, as well as in irrigated areas of the mainland and peninsular regions and in the whole territory of island areas, and the lowest risk was found in areas of higher altitude. A positive relationship was found between the risk of dirofilariosis and the location of infected dogs, with 86.65% located in very high and high risk areas. In 2080, the percentage of territory gained by Cx. pipiens will increase by 261.52%. This model provides a high predictive value, predicted presence, and risk of Dirofilaria spp. infection and can serve as a tool for the management and control of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Rodríguez-Escolar
- Zoonotic Diseases and One Health group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ricardo E Hernández-Lambraño
- Biodiversity, Human Diversity and Conservation Biology Research Group, Campus Miguel Unamuno, Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Ángel Sánchez-Agudo
- Biodiversity, Human Diversity and Conservation Biology Research Group, Campus Miguel Unamuno, Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Spain; Centre for Environmental Studies and Rural Dynamization (CEADIR), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Collado-Cuadrado
- Zoonotic Diseases and One Health group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Georgios Sioutas
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Elias Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Rodrigo Morchón
- Zoonotic Diseases and One Health group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centre for Environmental Studies and Rural Dynamization (CEADIR), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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12
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Larkins A, Vannamahaxay S, Puttana V, Chittavong M, Southammavong F, Mayxay M, Boyd D, Bruce M, Ash A. Scaling up One Health: A network analysis in Lao PDR. One Health 2024; 18:100661. [PMID: 38179311 PMCID: PMC10761780 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background One Health focuses on sustainable health for humans, animals, and ecosystems. The approach has been well demonstrated, yet most efforts have not been scaled up. Understanding the organisations involved in scaling up processes is critical to translating research into practice. The Lao People's Democratic Republic has successfully implemented One Health projects for multiple decades; however, the organisational network has not been described and scaling up efforts have been limited. Methods Data from organisations involved in One Health projects over the past five years were collected by key-informant interview or workshop. The network was investigated using a mixture of quantitative network analysis and qualitative thematic analysis. Results The organisational network was quantitatively described as sparse and centralised. Organisations were required to harness pre-existing relationships to maximise scarce resources and make co-ordination and alignment of priorities more efficient. A lack of international organisations in the top 10% of resource sharing metrics suggests a potential disconnect between donors. This was reflected in the challenges faced by national organisations and a feeling of being stretched thin over numerous externally funded projects with donor-driven priorities. Conclusions It appears that high-level political support for country ownership of development and aid priorities remains unrealised. Developing network capacity and capability may assist scaling up efforts and build resilience in the network and its core organisations. This may allow for the inclusion of more development, education, environment, and water, sanitation, and hygiene organisations that were perceived to be lacking. Future One Health programmes should focus on practical activities that do not overload staff capacity. There is much for One Health to learn about the art of scaling up and organisations are encouraged to include implementation science in their research to inform future scaling up efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Larkins
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Soulasack Vannamahaxay
- Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Laos, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People’s Republic
| | - Vannaphone Puttana
- Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Laos, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People’s Republic
- Lao One Health University Network, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People’s Republic
| | - Malavanh Chittavong
- Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Laos, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People’s Republic
- Lao One Health University Network, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People’s Republic
| | - Fongsamouth Southammavong
- Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Laos, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People’s Republic
- Lao One Health University Network, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People’s Republic
| | - Mayfong Mayxay
- Institute of Research and Education Development, University of Health Sciences, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People’s Republic
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People’s Republic
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Lao One Health University Network, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People’s Republic
| | - Davina Boyd
- Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Mieghan Bruce
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Amanda Ash
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
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13
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Shemmings-Payne W, De Silva D, Warren CJ, Thomas S, Slomka MJ, Reid SM, James J, Banyard AC, Brown IH, Ward AI. Repeatability and reproducibility of hunter-harvest sampling for avian influenza virus surveillance in Great Britain. Res Vet Sci 2024; 173:105279. [PMID: 38704977 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Emerging pathogens can threaten human and animal health, necessitating reliable surveillance schemes to enable preparedness. We evaluated the repeatability and reproducibility of a method developed previously during a single year at one study site. Hunter-harvested ducks and geese were sampled for avian influenza virus at three discrete locations in the UK. H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAIV) was detected in four species (mallard [Anas platyrhynchos], Eurasian teal [Anas crecca], Eurasian wigeon [Mareca penelope] and pink-footed goose [Anser brachyrhynchus]) across all three locations and two non-HPAIV H5N1, influenza A positive detections were made from a mallard and Eurasian wigeon at two locations. Virus was detected within 1-to-4 days of sampling at every location. Application of rapid diagnostic methods to samples collected from hunter-harvested waterfowl offers potential as an early warning system for the surveillance and monitoring of emerging and existing strains of avian influenza A viruses in key avian species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dilhani De Silva
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, New Haw, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Caroline J Warren
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, New Haw, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Saumya Thomas
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, New Haw, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Marek J Slomka
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, New Haw, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Scott M Reid
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, New Haw, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Joe James
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, New Haw, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK; WOAH/FAO International Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Woodham Lane, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Ashley C Banyard
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, New Haw, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK; WOAH/FAO International Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Woodham Lane, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Ian H Brown
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, New Haw, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK; WOAH/FAO International Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Woodham Lane, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK
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14
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Haq Z, Nazir J, Manzoor T, Saleem A, Hamadani H, Khan AA, Saleem Bhat S, Jha P, Ahmad SM. Zoonotic spillover and viral mutations from low and middle-income countries: improving prevention strategies and bridging policy gaps. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17394. [PMID: 38827296 PMCID: PMC11144393 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing frequency of zoonotic spillover events and viral mutations in low and middle-income countries presents a critical global health challenge. Contributing factors encompass cultural practices like bushmeat consumption, wildlife trade for traditional medicine, habitat disruption, and the encroachment of impoverished settlements onto natural habitats. The existing "vaccine gap" in many developing countries exacerbates the situation by allowing unchecked viral replication and the emergence of novel mutant viruses. Despite global health policies addressing the root causes of zoonotic disease emergence, there is a significant absence of concrete prevention-oriented initiatives, posing a potential risk to vulnerable populations. This article is targeted at policymakers, public health professionals, researchers, and global health stakeholders, particularly those engaged in zoonotic disease prevention and control in low and middle-income countries. The article underscores the importance of assessing potential zoonotic diseases at the animal-human interface and comprehending historical factors contributing to spillover events. To bridge policy gaps, comprehensive strategies are proposed that include education, collaborations, specialized task forces, environmental sampling, and the establishment of integrated diagnostic laboratories. These strategies advocate simplicity and unity, breaking down barriers, and placing humanity at the forefront of addressing global health challenges. Such a strategic and mental shift is crucial for constructing a more resilient and equitable world in the face of emerging zoonotic threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfqarul Haq
- ICMR project, Division of Livestock Production and Management, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Junaid Nazir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of veterinary Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Tasaduq Manzoor
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of veterinary Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Afnan Saleem
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of veterinary Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - H. Hamadani
- ICMR project, Division of Livestock Production and Management, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Azmat Alam Khan
- ICMR project, Division of Livestock Production and Management, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sahar Saleem Bhat
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of veterinary Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Priyanka Jha
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Syed Mudasir Ahmad
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of veterinary Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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15
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Heiderich E, Keller S, Pewsner M, Origgi FC, Zürcher-Giovannini S, Borel S, Marti I, Scherrer P, Pisano SRR, Friker B, Adrian-Kalchhauser I, Ryser-Degiorgis MP. Analysis of a European general wildlife health surveillance program: Chances, challenges and recommendations. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301438. [PMID: 38771857 PMCID: PMC11108157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In a One Health perspective general wildlife health surveillance (GWHS) gains importance worldwide, as pathogen transmission among wildlife, domestic animals and humans raises health, conservation and economic concerns. However, GWHS programs operate in the face of legal, geographical, financial, or administrative challenges. The present study uses a multi-tiered approach to understand the current characteristics, strengths and gaps of a European GWHS that operates in a fragmented legislative and multi-stakeholder environment. The aim is to support the implementation or improvement of other GWHS systems by managers, surveillance experts, and administrations. To assess the current state of wildlife health investigations and trends within the GWHS, we retrospectively analyzed 20 years of wildlife diagnostic data to explore alterations in annual case numbers, diagnosed diseases, and submitter types, conducted an online survey and phone interviews with official field partners (hunting administrators, game wardens and hunters) to assess their case submission criteria as well as their needs for post-mortem investigations, and performed in-house time estimations of post-mortem investigations to conduct a time-per-task analysis. Firstly, we found that infectious disease dynamics, the level of public awareness for specific diseases, research activities and increasing population sizes of in depth-monitored protected species, together with biogeographical and political boundaries all impacted case numbers and can present unexpected challenges to a GWHS. Secondly, we found that even a seemingly comprehensive GWHS can feature pronounced information gaps, with underrepresentation of common or easily recognizable diseases, blind spots in non-hunted species and only a fraction of discovered carcasses being submitted. Thirdly, we found that substantial amounts of wildlife health data may be available at local hunting administrations or disease specialist centers, but outside the reach of the GWHS and its processes. In conclusion, we recommend that fragmented and federalist GWHS programs like the one addressed require a central, consistent and accessible collection of wildlife health data. Also, considering the growing role of citizen observers in environmental research, we recommend using online reporting systems to harness decentrally available information and fill wildlife health information gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Heiderich
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Saskia Keller
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Pewsner
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Carlo Origgi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Animal Pathology (ITPA), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Samoa Zürcher-Giovannini
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Borel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Iris Marti
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Scherrer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simone Roberto Rolando Pisano
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Brian Friker
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, Veterinary Public Health Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Irene Adrian-Kalchhauser
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Pierre Ryser-Degiorgis
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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16
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Romero-González LE, Montelongo-Martínez LF, González-Valdez A, Quiroz-Morales SE, Cocotl-Yañez M, Franco-Cendejas R, Soberón-Chávez G, Pardo-López L, Bustamante VH. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Water Samples of the Gulf of Mexico Show Similar Virulence Properties but Different Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles than Clinical Isolates. Int J Microbiol 2024; 2024:6959403. [PMID: 38784405 PMCID: PMC11115996 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6959403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen found in a wide variety of environments, including soil, water, and habitats associated with animals, humans, and plants. From a One Health perspective, which recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health, it is important to study the virulence characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility of environmental bacteria. In this study, we compared the virulence properties and the antibiotic resistance profiles of seven isolates collected from the Gulf of Mexico with those of seven clinical strains of P. aeruginosa. Our results indicate that the marine and clinical isolates tested exhibit similar virulence properties; they expressed different virulence factors and were able to kill Galleria mellonella larvae, an animal model commonly used to analyze the pathogenicity of many bacteria, including P. aeruginosa. In contrast, the clinical strains showed higher antibiotic resistance than the marine isolates. Consistently, the clinical strains exhibited a higher prevalence of class 1 integron, an indicator of anthropogenic impact, compared with the marine isolates. Thus, our results indicate that the P. aeruginosa marine strains analyzed in this study, isolated from the Gulf of Mexico, have similar virulence properties, but lower antibiotic resistance, than those from hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E. Romero-González
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Luis F. Montelongo-Martínez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Coyoacán, Mexico
| | - Abigail González-Valdez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Coyoacán, Mexico
| | - Sara E. Quiroz-Morales
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Coyoacán, Mexico
| | - Miguel Cocotl-Yañez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Coyoacán, Mexico
| | - Rafael Franco-Cendejas
- Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra,” Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gloria Soberón-Chávez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Coyoacán, Mexico
| | - Liliana Pardo-López
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Víctor H. Bustamante
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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17
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Rodríguez-Escolar I, Balmori-de la Puente A, Collado-Cuadrado M, Bravo-Barriga D, Delacour-Estrella S, Hernández-Lambraño RE, Sánchez Agudo JÁ, Morchón R. Analysis of the current risk of Leishmania infantum transmission for domestic dogs in Spain and Portugal and its future projection in climate change scenarios. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1399772. [PMID: 38756515 PMCID: PMC11096601 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1399772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine leishmaniosis, caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania infantum, is a cosmopolitan vector-borne zoonosis, transmitted principally by Phlebotomus perniciosus in Spain and Portugal, where it is considered an endemic disease. Ecoinformatics tools such as ecological niche models (ENM) have been successfully tested to model the distribution of the risk of infection of different parasitosis as they take into account environmental variables vital for their survival. The risk map proposed in this study combines the potential distribution of Ph. perniciosus in the Iberian Peninsula and the calculation of the infection rate of the parasite in the vector to model the risk of contracting the disease in a more realistic way. In fact, this weighting strategy improves the predictive power of the resulting model (R2 = 0.42, p = < 0.01) compared to the Ph. perniciosus ENM model alone (R2 = 0.13, p > 0.05). The places with the highest risk of transmission are the southwest and central peninsular area, as well as the Mediterranean coast, the Balearic Islands and the Ebro basin, places where the ideal habitat of Ph. perniciosus and the infection rate is also high. In the case of future projections under climate change scenarios, an increase in the risk of infection by L. infantum can be observed in most of the territory (4.5% in 2040, 71.6% in 2060 and 63% in 2080), mainly in the northern part of the peninsula. The use of ENMs and their weighting with the infection rate in Ph. perniciosus is a useful tool in predicting the risk of infection for L. infantum in dogs for a given area. In this way, a more complete model can be obtained to facilitate prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Rodríguez-Escolar
- Zoonotic Diseases and One Health GIR, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alfonso Balmori-de la Puente
- Zoonotic Diseases and One Health GIR, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Collado-Cuadrado
- Zoonotic Diseases and One Health GIR, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Daniel Bravo-Barriga
- Departamento de Salud Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Salud Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sarah Delacour-Estrella
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ricardo Enrique Hernández-Lambraño
- Research Group on Biodiversity, Human Diversity and Conservation Biology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Centre for Environmental Studies and Rural Dynamization (CEADIR), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Ángel Sánchez Agudo
- Research Group on Biodiversity, Human Diversity and Conservation Biology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Centre for Environmental Studies and Rural Dynamization (CEADIR), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Morchón
- Zoonotic Diseases and One Health GIR, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Centre for Environmental Studies and Rural Dynamization (CEADIR), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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18
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Sauer EL, Venesky MD, McMahon TA, Cohen JM, Bessler S, Brannelly LA, Brem F, Byrne AQ, Halstead N, Hyman O, Johnson PTJ, Richards-Zawacki CL, Rumschlag SL, Sears B, Rohr JR. Are novel or locally adapted pathogens more devastating and why? Resolving opposing hypotheses. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14431. [PMID: 38712705 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
There is a rich literature highlighting that pathogens are generally better adapted to infect local than novel hosts, and a separate seemingly contradictory literature indicating that novel pathogens pose the greatest threat to biodiversity and public health. Here, using Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the fungus associated with worldwide amphibian declines, we test the hypothesis that there is enough variance in "novel" (quantified by geographic and phylogenetic distance) host-pathogen outcomes to pose substantial risk of pathogen introductions despite local adaptation being common. Our continental-scale common garden experiment and global-scale meta-analysis demonstrate that local amphibian-fungal interactions result in higher pathogen prevalence, pathogen growth, and host mortality, but novel interactions led to variable consequences with especially virulent host-pathogen combinations still occurring. Thus, while most pathogen introductions are benign, enough variance exists in novel host-pathogen outcomes that moving organisms around the planet greatly increases the chance of pathogen introductions causing profound harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Sauer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew D Venesky
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Biology, Allegheny College, Meadville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Taegan A McMahon
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Biology Department, Connecticut College, New London, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jeremy M Cohen
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Scott Bessler
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Laura A Brannelly
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Forrest Brem
- Biology Department, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Allison Q Byrne
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Neal Halstead
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Wildlands Conservation, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Oliver Hyman
- Biology Department, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Pieter T J Johnson
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Corinne L Richards-Zawacki
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Samantha L Rumschlag
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Brittany Sears
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jason R Rohr
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, USA
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19
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Blankart CR, De Gani SM, Crimlisk H, Desmedt M, Bauer B, Doyle G. Health literacy, governance and systems leadership contribute to the implementation of the One Health approach: a virtuous circle. Health Policy 2024; 143:105042. [PMID: 38518391 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2024.105042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
One Health is an important approach to addressing health threats and promoting health through interdisciplinary health, policy, legislation and leadership research to achieve better human and animal health and better outcomes for the planet. The Covid-19 pandemic has triggered an urgent awareness of the need to develop innovative integrative solutions to address root causes of such threats to health, which requires collaboration across disciplines and amongst different sectors and communities. We explore how achieving the Quadripartite Organizations' One Health Joint Plan of Action can be supported by the concepts of 'One Health literacy' and 'One Health governance' and promote both academic and policy dialogue. We show how One Health literacy and One Health governance influence and reinforce each other, while an interdisciplinary systems leadership approach acts as a catalyst and mechanism for understanding and enacting change. Based on our understanding of how these elements influence the implementation of the One Health approach, we describe a model for considering how external triggering events such as the Covid-19 pandemic may prompt a virtuous circle whereby exposure to and exploration of One Health issues may lead to improved One Health literacy and to better governance. We close with recommendations to international organisations, national governments and to leaders in policy, research and practice to enhance their influence on society, the planetary environment, health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Rudolf Blankart
- KPM Center for Public Management, University of Bern, Freiburgstr. 3, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine (sitem-insel), Freiburgstr. 3, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases (MCID), University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Saskia Maria De Gani
- Careum Center for Health Literacy, Careum Foundation, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland; Careum School of Health, Kalaidos University of Applied Sciences, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Helen Crimlisk
- Sheffield Health and Social Care NHS Foundation Trust, Centre Court, Atlas Way, Sheffield S47QQ, United Kingdom; Faculty of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Rd, Sheffield S102RX, United Kingdom; Royal College of Psychiatrists, 21 Prescot St, London E18BB, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Desmedt
- Swiss Nurse Leaders, Haus der Akademien, Laupenstrasse 7, P.O. Box, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Bauer
- Data Saves Lives Germany, c/o european digital health academy gGmbH, Mohnblumenweg 1, 93326 Abensberg, Germany
| | - Gerardine Doyle
- UCD College of Business, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD Geary Institute for Public Policy, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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20
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Lie AAY, Zimmer-Faust AG, Diner RE, Kunselman E, Daniel Z, Van Artsdalen K, Salas Garcia MC, Gilbert JA, Shultz D, Chokry J, Langlois K, Smith J. Understanding the risks of co-exposures in a changing world: a case study of dual monitoring of the biotoxin domoic acid and Vibrio spp. in Pacific oyster. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:447. [PMID: 38607511 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12614-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Assessing the co-occurrence of multiple health risk factors in coastal ecosystems is challenging due to the complexity of multi-factor interactions and limited availability of simultaneously collected data. Understanding co-occurrence is particularly important for risk factors that may be associated with, or occur in similar environmental conditions. In marine ecosystems, the co-occurrence of harmful algal bloom toxins and bacterial pathogens within the genus Vibrio may impact both ecosystem and human health. This study examined the co-occurrence of Vibrio spp. and domoic acid (DA) produced by the harmful algae Pseudo-nitzschia by (1) analyzing existing California Department of Public Health monitoring data for V. parahaemolyticus and DA in oysters; and (2) conducting a 1-year seasonal monitoring of these risk factors across two Southern California embayments. Existing public health monitoring efforts in the state were robust for individual risk factors; however, it was difficult to evaluate the co-occurrence of these risk factors in oysters due to low number of co-monitoring instances between 2015 and 2020. Seasonal co-monitoring of DA and Vibrio spp. (V. vulnificus or V. parahaemolyticus) at two embayments revealed the co-occurrence of these health risk factors in 35% of sampled oysters in most seasons. Interestingly, both the overall detection frequency and co-occurrence of these risk factors were considerably less frequent in water samples. These findings may in part suggest the slow depuration of Vibrio spp. and DA in oysters as residual levels may be retained. This study expanded our understanding of the simultaneous presence of DA and Vibrio spp. in bivalves and demonstrates the feasibility of co-monitoring different risk factors from the same sample. Individual programs monitoring for different risk factors from the same sample matrix may consider combining efforts to reduce cost, streamline the process, and better understand the prevalence of co-occurring health risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alle A Y Lie
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, USA.
| | - Amity G Zimmer-Faust
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, USA
- The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Rachel E Diner
- University of California, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
- University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Emily Kunselman
- University of California, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zachary Daniel
- University of California, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn Van Artsdalen
- University of California, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mariana C Salas Garcia
- University of California, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jack A Gilbert
- University of California, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dana Shultz
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, USA
| | - Jeff Chokry
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, USA
| | - Kylie Langlois
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, USA
| | - Jayme Smith
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, USA
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21
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Mwakibete L, Greening SS, Kalantar K, Ahyong V, Anis E, Miller EA, Needle DB, Oglesbee M, Thomas WK, Sevigny JL, Gordon LM, Nemeth NM, Ogbunugafor CB, Ayala AJ, Faith SA, Neff N, Detweiler AM, Baillargeon T, Tanguay S, Simpson SD, Murphy LA, Ellis JC, Tato CM, Gagne RB. Metagenomics for Pathogen Detection During a Mass Mortality Event in Songbirds. J Wildl Dis 2024; 60:362-374. [PMID: 38345467 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-23-00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Mass mortality events in wildlife can be indications of an emerging infectious disease. During the spring and summer of 2021, hundreds of dead passerines were reported across the eastern US. Birds exhibited a range of clinical signs including swollen conjunctiva, ocular discharge, ataxia, and nystagmus. As part of the diagnostic investigation, high-throughput metagenomic next-generation sequencing was performed across three molecular laboratories on samples from affected birds. Many potentially pathogenic microbes were detected, with bacteria forming the largest proportion; however, no singular agent was consistently identified, with many of the detected microbes also found in unaffected (control) birds and thus considered to be subclinical infections. Congruent results across laboratories have helped drive further investigation into alternative causes, including environmental contaminants and nutritional deficiencies. This work highlights the utility of metagenomic approaches in investigations of emerging diseases and provides a framework for future wildlife mortality events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabrina S Greening
- Department of Pathobiology, Wildlife Futures Program, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348, USA
| | | | - Vida Ahyong
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Eman Anis
- Department of Pathobiology, Wildlife Futures Program, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, PADLS New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348, USA
| | - Erica A Miller
- Department of Pathobiology, Wildlife Futures Program, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348, USA
| | - David B Needle
- New Hampshire Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - Michael Oglesbee
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - W Kelley Thomas
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - Joseph L Sevigny
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - Lawrence M Gordon
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - Nicole M Nemeth
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study and Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - C Brandon Ogbunugafor
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Andrea J Ayala
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Seth A Faith
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Norma Neff
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | | | - Tessa Baillargeon
- New Hampshire Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - Stacy Tanguay
- New Hampshire Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - Stephen D Simpson
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - Lisa A Murphy
- Department of Pathobiology, Wildlife Futures Program, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, PADLS New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348, USA
| | - Julie C Ellis
- Department of Pathobiology, Wildlife Futures Program, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348, USA
| | - Cristina M Tato
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Roderick B Gagne
- Department of Pathobiology, Wildlife Futures Program, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348, USA
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22
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Musto C, Cerri J, Capizzi D, Fontana MC, Rubini S, Merialdi G, Berzi D, Ciuti F, Santi A, Rossi A, Barsi F, Gelmini L, Fiorentini L, Pupillo G, Torreggiani C, Bianchi A, Gazzola A, Prati P, Sala G, Apollonio M, Delogu M, Biancardi A, Uboldi L, Moretti A, Garbarino C. First evidence of widespread positivity to anticoagulant rodenticides in grey wolves (Canis lupus). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:169990. [PMID: 38232835 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Second-generation Anticoagulant Rodenticides (ARs) can be critical for carnivores, due to their widespread use and impacts. However, although many studies explored the impacts of ARs on small and mesocarnivores, none assessed the extent to which they could contaminate large carnivores in anthropized landscapes. We filled this gap by exploring spatiotemporal trends in grey wolf (Canis lupus) exposure to ARs in central and northern Italy, by subjecting a large sample of dead wolves (n = 186) to the LC-MS/MS method. Most wolves (n = 115/186, 61.8 %) tested positive for ARs (1 compound, n = 36; 2 compounds, n = 47; 3 compounds, n = 16; 4 or more compounds, n = 16). Bromadiolone, brodifacoum and difenacoum, were the most common compounds, with brodifacoum and bromadiolone being the ARs that co-occurred the most (n = 61). Both the probability of testing positive for multiple ARs and the concentration of brodifacoum, and bromadiolone in the liver, systematically increased in wolves that were found at more anthropized sites. Moreover, wolves became more likely to test positive for ARs through time, particularly after 2020. Our results underline that rodent control, based on ARs, increases the risks of unintentional poisoning of non-target wildlife. However, this risk does not only involve small and mesocarnivores, but also large carnivores at the top of the food chain, such as wolves. Therefore, rodent control is adding one further conservation threat to endangered large carnivores in anthropized landscapes of Europe, whose severity could increase over time and be far higher than previously thought. Large-scale monitoring schemes for ARs in European large carnivores should be devised as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Musto
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Jacopo Cerri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Dario Capizzi
- Directorate for Environment, Latium Region, 00173 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Fontana
- Istituto Zooprofilattico della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna "B. Ubertini", 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Silva Rubini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna "B. Ubertini", 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Merialdi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna "B. Ubertini", 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Duccio Berzi
- Centro per lo Studio e la Documentazione sul Lupo, 50033 Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesca Ciuti
- Centro per lo Studio e la Documentazione sul Lupo, 50033 Firenze, Italy
| | - Annalisa Santi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna "B. Ubertini", 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Arianna Rossi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna "B. Ubertini", 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Filippo Barsi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna "B. Ubertini", 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca Gelmini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna "B. Ubertini", 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Fiorentini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna "B. Ubertini", 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pupillo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna "B. Ubertini", 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Camilla Torreggiani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna "B. Ubertini", 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bianchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna "B. Ubertini", 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gazzola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna "B. Ubertini", 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Paola Prati
- Istituto Zooprofilattico della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna "B. Ubertini", 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sala
- Istituto Zooprofilattico della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna "B. Ubertini", 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Apollonio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Mauro Delogu
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Biancardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna "B. Ubertini", 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Uboldi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna "B. Ubertini", 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Moretti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna "B. Ubertini", 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Garbarino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna "B. Ubertini", 25124 Brescia, Italy
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23
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Thumsová B, González-Miras E, Rubio Á, Granados I, Bates KA, Bosch J. Chemical disinfection as a simple and reliable method to control the amphibian chytrid fungus at breeding points of endangered amphibians. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5151. [PMID: 38431740 PMCID: PMC10908824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55946-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Chytridiomycosis caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is pushing amphibians towards extinction. Whilst mitigation methods were suggested a decade ago, we lack field trials testing their efficacy. We used the agrochemical fungicide, tebuconazole, to treat Bd infected breeding waterbodies of an endangered species that is highly susceptible to the fungus. Just two applications of tebuconazole led to a significant reduction in infection loads in the vast majority of sites, and at six sites the disinfection remained one/two-years post-application. Tebuconazole values drastically decreased in the waterbodies within a week after application, with no significant effects on their hydrochemical and hydrobiological characteristics. Although the use of chemicals in natural populations is undesirable, the growing existential threat to amphibians all over the world indicates that effective interventions in selected populations of endangered species are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Thumsová
- Asociación Herpetológica Española (AHE), Madrid, Spain
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, 28006, Madrid, Spain
- IMIB-Research Unit of Biodiversity (University of Oviedo, CSIC, Principality of Asturias), 33600, Mieres, Spain
| | - Emilio González-Miras
- Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua de Andalucía, Consejería de Sostenibilidad, Medio Ambiente y Economía Azul, Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain
| | - Ángel Rubio
- Centro de Investigación, Seguimiento y Evaluación, Parque Nacional Sierra de Guadarrama, 28740, Rascafría, Spain
| | - Ignacio Granados
- Centro de Investigación, Seguimiento y Evaluación, Parque Nacional Sierra de Guadarrama, 28740, Rascafría, Spain
| | - Kieran A Bates
- Centre for Immunobiology, The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Jaime Bosch
- IMIB-Research Unit of Biodiversity (University of Oviedo, CSIC, Principality of Asturias), 33600, Mieres, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación, Seguimiento y Evaluación, Parque Nacional Sierra de Guadarrama, 28740, Rascafría, Spain.
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24
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Sarlin PJ, Morris S, Geethambika SB, Gopi L, Muraleedharan M, Thomas JA, Savitha G, Joseph P. Halocercus lagenorhynchi infection in a stranded striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba (Meyen, 1833) on the Southwest coastline of India. J Parasit Dis 2024; 48:168-179. [PMID: 38440750 PMCID: PMC10908710 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-024-01646-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Necropsy on a striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba (Meyen, 1833) entangled in ghost fishing net and dead while rescuing yielded some helminth parasites, later identified as Halocercus lagenorhynchi. DNA barcoding of the host and parasite and the phylogenetic analysis of the parasite was conducted. This study provides valuable information towards establishing basal data of marine mammal parasite diversity and distribution in the Indian waters. We believe this is the first report of the occurrence of Halocercus lagenorhynchi in marine mammals in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathissery John Sarlin
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Fatima Mata National College (Autonomous), University of Kerala, Kollam, India
| | - Sancia Morris
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, IOC Bhuvneshwar Odisha, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Lijin Gopi
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Megha Muraleedharan
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Fatima Mata National College (Autonomous), University of Kerala, Kollam, India
| | - Jeniffer Ann Thomas
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Fatima Mata National College (Autonomous), University of Kerala, Kollam, India
| | - Gayathry Savitha
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Fatima Mata National College (Autonomous), University of Kerala, Kollam, India
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25
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Dillon RM, Paterson JE, Manorome P, Ritchie K, Shirose L, Slavik E, Davy CM. Effects of ophidiomycosis on movement, survival, and reproduction of eastern foxsnakes (Pantherophis vulpinus). Sci Rep 2024; 14:4948. [PMID: 38418485 PMCID: PMC10901895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54568-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Ophidiomycosis (snake fungal disease) is caused by the fungal pathogen Ophidiomyces ophidiicola, which causes dermal lesions, occasional systemic infections, and in some cases, mortality. To better understand potential conservation implications of ophidiomycosis (i.e., population-level effects), we investigated its impacts on individual fitness in a population of endangered eastern foxsnakes (Pantherophis vulpinus). We tracked 38 foxsnakes over 6 years and quantified body condition, movement patterns, oviposition rates, and survival. Body condition, distance travelled, and oviposition rates were similar between snakes with and without ophidiomycosis. Interestingly, snakes that tested positive for the pathogen travelled farther, suggesting that movement through a greater diversity of habitats increases risk of exposure. Ophidiomycosis did not negatively affect survival, and most apparently infected snakes persisted in a manner comparable to snakes without ophidiomycosis. Only one mortality was directly attributed to ophidiomycosis, although infected snakes were overrepresented in a sample of snakes killed by predators. Overall, our results suggest that ophidiomycosis may have sublethal effects on eastern foxsnakes, but do not suggest direct effects on survival, ovipositioning, or viability of the study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Dillon
- Environmental and Life Sciences Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9H 7B8, Canada.
- Wildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, 2Nd Flr DNA Building, 2140 East Bank Dr., Peterborough, ON, K9L 1Z8, Canada.
- Wildlife Preservation Canada, 5420 Highway 6 North, Guelph, ON, N1H 6J2, Canada.
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - James E Paterson
- Environmental and Life Sciences Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9H 7B8, Canada
- Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research, Ducks Unlimited Canada, Stonewall, MB, Canada
| | - Pilar Manorome
- Ontario Parks, Ontario Ministry of Environment, Conservation, and Parks, 300 Water Street, 3Rd Floor S, Peterborough, ON, K9J 8M5, Canada
| | - Kyle Ritchie
- Wildlife Preservation Canada, 5420 Highway 6 North, Guelph, ON, N1H 6J2, Canada
| | - Leonard Shirose
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
- Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative - Ontario/Nunavut, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Emily Slavik
- Lake Erie Management Unit, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, 320 Milo Road, Wheatley, ON, N0P 2P0, Canada
| | - Christina M Davy
- Environmental and Life Sciences Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9H 7B8, Canada.
- Wildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, 2Nd Flr DNA Building, 2140 East Bank Dr., Peterborough, ON, K9L 1Z8, Canada.
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
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26
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Lamb JS, Tornos J, Lejeune M, Boulinier T. Rapid loss of maternal immunity and increase in environmentally mediated antibody generation in urban gulls. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4357. [PMID: 38388645 PMCID: PMC10884025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54796-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Monitoring pathogen circulation in wildlife sentinel populations can help to understand and predict the spread of disease at the wildlife-livestock-human interface. Immobile young provide a useful target population for disease surveillance, since they can be easily captured for sampling and their levels of antibodies against infectious agents can provide an index of localized circulation. However, early-life immune responses include both maternally-derived antibodies and antibodies resulting from exposure to pathogens, and disentangling these two processes requires understanding their individual dynamics. We conducted an egg-swapping experiment in an urban-nesting sentinel seabird, the yellow-legged gull, and measured antibody levels against three pathogens of interest (avian influenza virus AIV, Toxoplasma gondii TOX, and infectious bronchitis virus IBV) across various life stages, throughout chick growth, and between nestlings raised by biological or non-biological parents. We found that levels of background circulation differed among pathogens, with AIV antibodies widely present across all life stages, TOX antibodies rarer, and IBV antibodies absent. Antibody titers declined steadily from adult through egg, nestling, and chick stages. For the two circulating pathogens, maternal antibodies declined exponentially after hatching at similar rates, but the rate of linear increase due to environmental exposure was significantly higher in the more prevalent pathogen (AIV). Differences in nestling antibody levels due to parental effects also persisted longer for AIV (25 days, vs. 14 days for TOX). Our results suggest that yellow-legged gulls can be a useful sentinel population of locally transmitted infectious agents, provided that chicks are sampled at ages when environmental exposure outweighs maternal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet S Lamb
- Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (CEFE), UMR CNRS 5175, University of Montpellier, EPHE, University Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, IRD, Montpellier, France.
- The Nature Conservancy, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
| | - Jérémy Tornos
- Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (CEFE), UMR CNRS 5175, University of Montpellier, EPHE, University Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathilde Lejeune
- Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (CEFE), UMR CNRS 5175, University of Montpellier, EPHE, University Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Boulinier
- Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (CEFE), UMR CNRS 5175, University of Montpellier, EPHE, University Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, IRD, Montpellier, France
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27
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Granai G, Borrelli C, Mariti C, Di Iacovo F. Animals and Cities: A Reflection on Their Potential in Innovating Nature-Based Solutions. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:680. [PMID: 38473065 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, nature-based solutions (NBSs) have spread in scientific research, and they are increasingly deployed in cities' strategic planning. While the number of nonhuman animals in cities is growing, a specific reflection on the advantages of human-animal interactions as potential NBSs is still lacking. This article aims to provide an overview of the current situation of animals in cities and to explore the roles of animals and their interactions with humans in such a context. These topics are crucial to the European project IN-HABIT in Lucca (Italy), which aims to codify an integrated policy on the relationship between people and animals; its outputs will then be transferred and replicated in other cities. This article concludes by highlighting the need for the involvement of different stakeholders in public-private-people partnerships to implement actions that aim to valorize human-animal relationships and their positive effects. This study presents a perspective on the relevance of animal NBSs to increase the quality of life in cities, both for citizens and for animals living in cities, and to also introduce the opportunity to develop an integrated animal urban policy able to valorize human-animal interactions in cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Granai
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Carmen Borrelli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Mariti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Iacovo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Martín-Vélez V, Navarro J, Figuerola J, Aymí R, Sabaté S, Planell R, Vila J, Montalvo T. A spatial analysis of urban gulls contribution to the potential spread of zoonotic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168762. [PMID: 38007121 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Wildlife human interactions within cities are becoming more common with consequences for pathogen transmission and human health. Large gulls are opportunistic feeders, adapted to coexist with humans in urban environments, and are potential vectors for spread and transmission of pathogens, including antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. We investigated the potential role that urban gulls play in the spread and dispersal of these bacteria. We analysed 129 faecal swabs from yellow-legged gulls (Larus michahellis) of different ages (56 adults and 73 immatures) during the breeding period from three years in the highly populated city of Barcelona (northeastern Spain). Thirteen individuals tested positive for the pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter jejuni), including antibiotic-resistant strains. We modelled the potential spatial spread of pathogens using the GPS trajectories of 58 yellow-legged gulls (23 adults, 35 immature individuals), which included the thirteen individuals that tested positive for pathogenic bacteria. By overlapping the spatially explicit pathogen dispersal maps with the distribution of urban installations sensitive at risk of possible pathogen spillover (e.g. elder and medical centres, markets, food industries, kindergartens, or public water sources), we identified potential areas at risk of pathogen spillover. Pathogens may be potentially spread to municipalities beyond Barcelona city borders. The results revealed that immature gulls dispersed pathogens over larger areas than adults (maximum dispersal distances of 167 km versus 53.2 km, respectively). Recreational urban water sources were the most sensitive habitats visited by GPS-tagged gulls that tested positive, followed by schools. Combining GPS movement data with pathogen analytics allows spatially explicit maps to be generated using a One Health approach that can help urban and public health management within large cities, such as Barcelona, and identify areas used by humans that are sensitive to pathogen spillover from gulls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Martín-Vélez
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Navarro
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Figuerola
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), CSIC, Avenida Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raül Aymí
- Institut Català d'Ornitologia, Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, Pl. Leonardo da Vinci, 4-5, a, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - Sara Sabaté
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona, Pl. Lesseps, 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Planell
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona, Pl. Lesseps, 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Vila
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Diagnosis (CDB), Hospital Clinic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Montalvo
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona, Pl. Lesseps, 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
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Kuttiyarthu Veetil N, Henschen AE, Hawley DM, Melepat B, Dalloul RA, Beneš V, Adelman JS, Vinkler M. Varying conjunctival immune response adaptations of house finch populations to a rapidly evolving bacterial pathogen. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1250818. [PMID: 38370402 PMCID: PMC10869556 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1250818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogen adaptations during host-pathogen co-evolution can cause the host balance between immunity and immunopathology to rapidly shift. However, little is known in natural disease systems about the immunological pathways optimised through the trade-off between immunity and self-damage. The evolutionary interaction between the conjunctival bacterial infection Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and its avian host, the house finch (Haemorhous mexicanus), can provide insights into such adaptations in immune regulation. Here we use experimental infections to reveal immune variation in conjunctival tissue for house finches captured from four distinct populations differing in the length of their co-evolutionary histories with MG and their disease tolerance (defined as disease severity per pathogen load) in controlled infection studies. To differentiate contributions of host versus pathogen evolution, we compared house finch responses to one of two MG isolates: the original VA1994 isolate and a more evolutionarily derived one, VA2013. To identify differential gene expression involved in initiation of the immune response to MG, we performed 3'-end transcriptomic sequencing (QuantSeq) of samples from the infection site, conjunctiva, collected 3-days post-infection. In response to MG, we observed an increase in general pro-inflammatory signalling, as well as T-cell activation and IL17 pathway differentiation, associated with a decrease in the IL12/IL23 pathway signalling. The immune response was stronger in response to the evolutionarily derived MG isolate compared to the original one, consistent with known increases in MG virulence over time. The host populations differed namely in pre-activation immune gene expression, suggesting population-specific adaptations. Compared to other populations, finches from Virginia, which have the longest co-evolutionary history with MG, showed significantly higher expression of anti-inflammatory genes and Th1 mediators. This may explain the evolution of disease tolerance to MG infection in VA birds. We also show a potential modulating role of BCL10, a positive B- and T-cell regulator activating the NFKB signalling. Our results illuminate potential mechanisms of house finch adaptation to MG-induced immunopathology, contributing to understanding of the host evolutionary responses to pathogen-driven shifts in immunity-immunopathology trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amberleigh E. Henschen
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Dana M. Hawley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Balraj Melepat
- Department of Zoology, Charles University, Faculty of Science, Prague, Czechia
| | - Rami A. Dalloul
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Vladimír Beneš
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genomics Core Facility, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - James S. Adelman
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Michal Vinkler
- Department of Zoology, Charles University, Faculty of Science, Prague, Czechia
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Meierhofer MB, Johnson JS, Perez-Jimenez J, Ito F, Webela PW, Wiantoro S, Bernard E, Tanalgo KC, Hughes A, Cardoso P, Lilley T, Mammola S. Effective conservation of subterranean-roosting bats. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024; 38:e14157. [PMID: 37504891 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Bats frequently inhabit caves and other subterranean habitats and play a critical role in subterranean food webs. With escalating threats to subterranean ecosystems, identifying the most effective measures to protect subterranean-roosting bats is critical. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of conservation and management interventions for subterranean-roosting bats. We used network analyses to determine to what extent interventions for bats overlap those used for other subterranean taxa. We conducted our analyses with data extracted from 345 papers recommending a total of 910 conservation interventions. Gating of roost entrances was applied to preserve bat populations in 21 studies, but its effectiveness was unclear. Habitat restoration and disturbance reduction positively affected bat populations and bat behavior, respectively, in ≤4 studies. Decontamination was assessed in 2 studies and positively affected bat populations, particularly in studies focused on reducing fungal spores associated with white-nose syndrome in North America. Monitoring of bat populations as an effective conservation strategy was unclear and infrequently tested. Only 4% of bat studies simultaneously considered other subterranean organisms. However, effective interventions for bat conservation had similarities with all other organisms. If other subterranean organisms are considered when applying interventions to conserve bats, they might also benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa B Meierhofer
- BatLab Finland, Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joseph S Johnson
- School of Information Technology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Fernanda Ito
- BatLab Finland, Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratório de Ciência Aplicada à Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Paul W Webela
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Maasai Mara University, Narok, Kenya
| | - Sigit Wiantoro
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biosystematics & Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Enrico Bernard
- Laboratório de Ciência Aplicada à Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Krizler C Tanalgo
- Ecology and Conservation Research Laboratory (Eco/Con Lab), Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Southern Mindanao, Cotabato, Philippines
| | - Alice Hughes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jinghong, China
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas Lilley
- BatLab Finland, Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefano Mammola
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Molecular Ecology Group (MEG), Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council (CNR), Verbania, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
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Jackson RT, Lunn TJ, DeAnglis IK, Ogola JG, Webala PW, Forbes KM. Frequent and intense human-bat interactions occur in buildings of rural Kenya. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011988. [PMID: 38412171 PMCID: PMC10923417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous use of domestic spaces by humans and wildlife is little understood, despite global ubiquity, and can create an interface for human exposure to wildlife pathogens. Bats are a pervasive synanthropic taxon and are associated with several pathogens that can spill over and cause disease in humans. Urbanization has destroyed much natural bat habitat and, in response, many species increasingly use buildings as roosts. The purpose of this study was to characterize human interactions with bats in shared buildings to assess potential for human exposure to and spillover of bat-borne pathogens. We surveyed 102 people living and working in buildings used as bat roosts in Taita-Taveta county, Kenya between 2021 and 2023. We characterized and quantified the duration, intensity, and frequency of human-bat interactions occurring in this common domestic setting. Survey respondents reported living with bats in buildings year-round, with cohabitation occurring consistently for at least 10 years in 38% of cases. Human contact with bats occurred primarily through direct and indirect routes, including exposure to excrement (90% of respondents), and direct touching of bats (39% of respondents). Indirect contacts most often occurred daily, and direct contacts most often occurred yearly. Domestic animal consumption of bats was also reported (16% of respondents). We demonstrate that shared building use by bats and humans in rural Kenya leads to prolonged, frequent, and sometimes intense interactions between bats and humans, consistent with interfaces that can facilitate exposure to bat pathogens and subsequent spillover. Identifying and understanding the settings and practices that may lead to zoonotic pathogen spillover is of great global importance for developing countermeasures, and this study establishes bat roosts in buildings as such a setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reilly T. Jackson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Tamika J. Lunn
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Isabella K. DeAnglis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Joseph G. Ogola
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paul W. Webala
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Maasai Mara University, Narok, Kenya
| | - Kristian M. Forbes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
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Mustika YR, Kinasih KN, Effendi MH, Puspitasari Y, Kurniawan SC, Khairullah AR, Samodra MEE, Hasib A, Agustin ALD, Moses IB, Silaen OSM. Molecular detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from bat caves on Lombok Island. Open Vet J 2024; 14:699-706. [PMID: 38549568 PMCID: PMC10970129 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The discovery of antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae bacteria in wild animals is an indication of their potential for wildlife as a reservoir. Bats are natural reservoir hosts and a source of infection for several microorganisms and have the potential to become vectors for the spread of zoonotic diseases. Aim A study was conducted based on these characteristics to identify and detect the blaTEM gene in Eschericia coli isolated from bat excrements in Tanjung Ringgit Cave, East Lombok. Methods Bat fecal samples were firstly inoculated onto eosin methylene blue agar media. Recovered bacterial isolates were further characterized using standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. blaTEM gene detection was carried out using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results Out of the 150 bat fecal samples obtained from Tanjung Ringgit cave, Lombok Island, Indonesia, 56 (37%) were positive for E. coli. Eight (8) out of the 56 E. coli isolates that underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the disc diffusion method were confirmed to be multidrug-resistant as they exhibited resistance to at least three different classes of antibiotics. Out of the eight (8) multidrug resistance E. coli isolates recovered from fecal samples of bats, 2 (two) harbored the blaTEM gene. Conclusion The discovery of the blaTEM gene in bat fecal samples indicates the potential for wild animals, especially bats, to spread ESBL resistance genes to the environment and to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolla Rona Mustika
- Profession Program in Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Master Program in Veterinary Science and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Kurnia Nisa Kinasih
- Profession Program in Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Master Program in Veterinary Science and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mustofa Helmi Effendi
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Yulianna Puspitasari
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Shendy Canadya Kurniawan
- Master Program of Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Specialisation in Molecule, Cell and Organ Functioning, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aswin Rafif Khairullah
- Division of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Esa Erlang Samodra
- Bachelor Program in Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Abdullah Hasib
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Queensland
| | - Alfiana Laili Dwi Agustin
- Doctoral Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Otto Sahat Martua Silaen
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Senen, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Park SM, Choi C, Rhee MS. One Health approach for prioritization of potential foodborne pathogens: Risk-ranking, Delphi survey, and criteria evaluation pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13258. [PMID: 38284613 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Frequent foodborne illnesses with unknown causative agents highlight the need to explore zoonotic potential foodborne pathogens (PFPs). An effective PFP prioritization tool is indispensable, especially after experiencing the recent pandemic caused by zoonotic SARS-CoV-2. Risk information on pathogens (excluding 30 known foodborne pathogens) provided by governmental and international organizations was reviewed to generate a list of PFPs. Risk-ranking of PFPs was conducted based on a literature review of food poisoning or detection cases, and the ranks were determined with a decision tree. PFPs were prioritized by infectious disease (ID), veterinary medicine (VET), and food safety (FS) experts through a pre- and postpandemic Delphi survey, and key criteria in their decisions were illuminated. Among 339 PFPs, 32 rank-1 PFPs were involved in the foodborne outbreak(s). Discrepancies in opinions on prioritization between experts in different fields deepened after the pandemic. Only VET and FS experts valued the plausibility of foodborne transmission in evaluating bacteria and viruses, and a significant correlation between their selection of PFPs was found (p < .05). The impact of the pandemic induced all fields to focus more on human transmission and severity/fatality in prioritizing viruses, and only FS experts emphasized the plausibility of foodborne transmission after the pandemic. In contrast to prioritizing bacteria or viruses, ID and VET experts are unusually focused on foodborne transmission when prioritizing parasites. Criteria of consensus deduced by interdisciplinary experts with different interests and the criteria directly related to foodborne transmission should be acknowledged for adequate PFP prioritization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Min Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsun Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Suk Rhee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lavorente FLP, Spera CG, Miyabe FM, Lorenzetti E, Fritzen JTT, Alfieri AA, Alfieri AF. Serological Survey for Three Canine Viruses in Brazilian Wild Carnivores : Antibodies Against Canine Viruses in Wild Carnivores. ECOHEALTH 2023; 20:349-354. [PMID: 38110612 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-023-01665-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the presence of antibodies against CaHV-1, CDV, and CPV-2 in serum samples from Brazilian wild carnivore species. Nine maned wolves and six crab-eating foxes were tested for CaHV-1 and CDV by virus neutralization test and CPV-2 by hemagglutination inhibition assay. Antibodies to CaHV-1, CDV, and CPV-2 were detected in serum samples of 1 (6.7%), 5 (33.3%), and 10 (66.7%) wild carnivores, respectively. Two maned wolves and one crab-eating fox were seropositive simultaneously for CDV and CPV-2. Antibodies against all viruses were detected in one crab-eating fox. This is the first report of CaHV-1 antibody detection in crab-eating foxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Louise Pereira Lavorente
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380 - Campus Universitário, P.O. Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Caroline Giuseppa Spera
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380 - Campus Universitário, P.O. Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Flavia Megumi Miyabe
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380 - Campus Universitário, P.O. Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Elis Lorenzetti
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380 - Campus Universitário, P.O. Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Animal Health and Production, Universidade Pitágoras Unopar, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil
- Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380 - Campus Universitário, P.O. Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Juliana Torres Tomazi Fritzen
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380 - Campus Universitário, P.O. Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380 - Campus Universitário, P.O. Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil.
- Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380 - Campus Universitário, P.O. Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Alice Fernandes Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380 - Campus Universitário, P.O. Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
- Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380 - Campus Universitário, P.O. Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
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Singh BB, Ward MP, Dhand NK. Host characteristics and their influence on zoonosis, disease emergence and multi-host pathogenicity. One Health 2023; 17:100596. [PMID: 37404948 PMCID: PMC10316652 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay between agent-host-environment characteristics is responsible for the emergence and zoonotic potential of infectious disease pathogens. Many studies have investigated key agent characteristics and environmental factors responsible for these phenomena. However, little is known about the role played by host characteristics in zoonoses, disease emergence and the ability of pathogens to infect multiple hosts. We compiled a dataset of 8114 vertebrate host-agent interactions from published literature. Multiple host characteristics and the pathogen's zoonotic, emergence and multi-host potential were then linked to the dataset. The associations between zoonotic, emerging human pathogen and multi-host pathogenicity and several host characteristics were explored using logistic regression models. The numbers of publications and sequences from the agent-host combinations were used to control for the research effort. Hosts in the class Aves (odds ratio [OR] 20.87, 95% CI 2.66-163.97) and Mammalia (OR 26.09, 95% CI 3.34-203.87) were more likely to host a zoonotic pathogen compared to the class Amphibia. Similarly, hosts having Bursa fabricii (i.e., birds) (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4-2.3) were more likely to host an emerging human pathogen. The odds of being a zoonotic pathogen were highest when the host female required a greater number of days for maturity, and the pathogen was able to affect a greater number of host species. In contrast, the hosts from which a higher number of pathogens were reported were less likely (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.31-0.49) to be associated with an emerging human pathogen. The odds of an emerging human pathogen were highest when the host had a higher adult body mass, and the specific pathogen could affect more host species. The odds of a pathogen infecting multiple hosts were highest when a host had shorter female maturity days (>670-2830 days) and lower birth/hatching weight (>42.2-995 g) compared to longer female maturity days (>2830-6940 days) and greater birth/hatching weight (>3.31-1160 kg). We conclude that several host characteristics - such as mass, maturity, immune system and pathogen permissiveness- are linked with zoonoses, disease emergence or multi-host pathogenicity. These findings can contribute to preparedness for emerging infections and zoonotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balbir B. Singh
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden, 2570, NSW, Australia
- Centre for One Health, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - Michael P. Ward
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden, 2570, NSW, Australia
| | - Navneet K. Dhand
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden, 2570, NSW, Australia
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36
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Mengyi Z, Yuhui L, Zhan G, Anqing L, Yujia L, Shilin L, Lei G, Yue L, Mei H, Jianhua W, Weilan H, Wei M, Jie C, Jingyu Z, Yijing Y, Yanli G, Qiulei Z, Yang H, Limin C, Zhenxin F, Miao H. Plasma metagenomics reveals regional variations of emerging and re-emerging pathogens in Chinese blood donors with an emphasis on human parvovirus B19. One Health 2023; 17:100602. [PMID: 37520848 PMCID: PMC10372899 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, many infectious pathogens, especially emerging/re-emerging pathogens, exist in the blood of voluntary blood donors and may be transmitted through blood transfusions. However, most of Chinese blood centers only routinely screen for HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis. We employed metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to investigate the microbiome in healthy voluntary blood donors to help assess blood safety in China by identifying infectious pathogens presented in donations that could lead to transfusion-acquired infections. We collected 10,720 plasma samples from voluntary blood donors from seven blood centers in different cities during 2012-2018 in China. A total of 562 GB of clean data was obtained. By analyzing the sequencing data, it was found that the most commonly identified bacteria found in the healthy blood were Serratia spp. (5.0176%), Pseudomonas spp. (0.6637%), and Burkholderia spp. (0.5544%). The principal eukaryote were Leishmania spp (1.3723%), Toxoplasma gondii (0.6352%), and Candida dubliniensis (0.1848%). Among viruses, Human Parvovirus B19 (B19V) accounts for the highest proportion (0.1490%), followed by Torque teno midi virus (0.0032%) and Torque teno virus (0.0015%). Since that B19V is a non-negligible threat to blood safety, we evaluated the positive samples for B19V tested by mNGS using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Sanger sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis to achieve a better understanding of B19V in Chinese blood donors. Subsequently, 9 (0.07%) donations were positive for B19V DNA. The quantitative DNA levels ranged from 5.58 × 102 to 7.24 × 104 IU/ml. The phylogenic analyses showed that prevalent genotypes belonged to the B19-1A subtype, which disclosed previously unknown regional variability in the B19V positivity rate. The investigation revealed that many microbes dwell in the blood of healthy donors, including some pathogens that may be dormant in the blood and only cause disease under specific conditions. Thus, investigating the range and nature of potential pathogens in the qualified donations provided a framework for targeted interventions to help prevent emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Mengyi
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Blood Safety and Blood Substitute International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yuhui
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Blood Safety and Blood Substitute International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Chengdu, China
- Shaanxi Blood Center, Institute of Xi'an Blood Bank, Xi'an, China
| | - Gao Zhan
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Blood Safety and Blood Substitute International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Chengdu, China
| | - Liu Anqing
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Blood Safety and Blood Substitute International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yujia
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Blood Safety and Blood Substitute International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Shilin
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Blood Safety and Blood Substitute International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Chengdu, China
| | - Gao Lei
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Blood Safety and Blood Substitute International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Yue
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huang Mei
- Mianyang Blood Center, Mianyang, China
| | | | - He Weilan
- Guangxi Blood Center, Liuzhou, China
| | - Mao Wei
- Chongqing Blood Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Cai Jie
- Nanjing Blood Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhou Jingyu
- Jiangsu Blood Center, Jiangsu Institute of Medical Biological Products, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Guo Yanli
- Mudanjiang Blood Center, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Zhong Qiulei
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Blood Safety and Blood Substitute International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Chengdu, China
| | - Huang Yang
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Blood Safety and Blood Substitute International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Limin
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Blood Safety and Blood Substitute International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Zhenxin
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - He Miao
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Blood Safety and Blood Substitute International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Chengdu, China
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Sharan M, Vijay D, Yadav JP, Bedi JS, Dhaka P. Surveillance and response strategies for zoonotic diseases: a comprehensive review. SCIENCE IN ONE HEALTH 2023; 2:100050. [PMID: 39077041 PMCID: PMC11262259 DOI: 10.1016/j.soh.2023.100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Out of all emerging infectious diseases, approximately 75% are of zoonotic origin, with their source often traced back to animals. The emergence of zoonoses is driven by a complex interplay between anthropogenic, genetic, ecological, socioeconomic, and climatic factors. This intricate web of influences poses significant challenges for the prediction and prevention of zoonotic outbreaks. Effective coordination and collaboration among the animal, human, and environmental health sectors are essential for proactively addressing major zoonotic diseases. Despite advancements in surveillance and diagnostic practices, the emergence of zoonoses continues to be a pressing global concern. Therefore, prioritizing zoonotic disease surveillance is of paramount importance as part of a comprehensive disease prevention and containment strategy. Furthermore, evaluating existing surveillance systems provides insights into the challenges faced, which can be mitigated through implementation of One Health principles involving relevant stakeholders. To initiate multisectoral partnerships, it is crucial to identify the priorities and core themes of surveillance systems with equitable inputs from various sectors. Strengthening surveillance, promoting data sharing, enhancing laboratory testing capabilities, and fostering joint outbreak responses in both the human and animal health sectors will establish the necessary infrastructure to effectively prevent, predict, detect, and respond to emerging health threats, thereby reinforcing global health security. This review assesses existing surveillance approaches by offering an overview of global agencies engaged in monitoring zoonoses and outlines the essential components required at the human-animal-environment interface for designing comprehensive surveillance networks. Additionally, it discusses the key steps necessary for executing effective zoonotic disease surveillance through a One Health approach, while highlighting the key challenges encountered in establishing such a robust surveillance system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjeet Sharan
- Animal and Fisheries Resources Department, Patna, Bihar, 800015, India
| | - Deepthi Vijay
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mannuthy, Thrissur, 680651, India
| | - Jay Prakash Yadav
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Rampura Phul, Bathinda, 151103, India
| | - Jasbir Singh Bedi
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Pankaj Dhaka
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
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Napolitano C, Sacristán I, Acuña F, Aguilar E, García S, López-Jara MJ, Cabello J, Hidalgo-Hermoso E, Poulin E, Grueber CE. Assessing micro-macroparasite selective pressures and anthropogenic disturbance as drivers of immune gene diversity in a Neotropical wild cat. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:166289. [PMID: 37591403 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic environmental change is reducing available habitat for wild species, providing novel selection pressures such as infectious diseases and causing species to interact in new ways. The potential for emerging infectious diseases and zoonoses at the interface between humans, domestic animals, and wild species is a key global concern. In vertebrates, diversity at the major histocompatibility complex MHC is critical to disease resilience, and its study in wild populations provides insights into eco-evolutionary dynamics that human activities alter. In natural populations, variation at MHC loci is partly maintained by balancing selection, driven by pathogenic selective pressures. We hypothesize that MHC genetic diversity differs between guigna populations inhabiting human-dominated landscapes (higher pathogen pressures) versus more natural habitats (lower pathogen pressures). We predict that MHC diversity in guignas would be highest in human-dominated landscapes compared with continuous forest habitats. We also expected to find higher MHC diversity in guignas infected with micro and macro parasites (higher parasite load) versus non infected guignas. We characterized for the first time the genetic diversity at three MHC class I and II exons in 128 wild guignas (Leopardus guigna) across their distribution range in Chile (32-46° S) and Argentina, representing landscapes with varying levels of human disturbance. We integrated MHC sequence diversity with multiple measures of anthropogenic disturbance and both micro and macro parasite infection data. We also assessed signatures of positive selection acting on MHC genes. We found significantly higher MHC class I diversity in guignas inhabiting landscapes where houses were present, and with lower percentage of vegetation cover, and also in animals with more severe cardiorespiratory helminth infection (richness and intensity) and micro-macroparasite co-infection. This comprehensive, landscape-level assessment further enhances our knowledge on the evolutionary dynamics and adaptive potential of vertebrates in the face of emerging infectious disease threats and increasing anthropogenic impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Napolitano
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile; Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Concepción, Chile; Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Puerto Williams, Chile.
| | - Irene Sacristán
- Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Animal Health Research Centre, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Acuña
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Emilio Aguilar
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián García
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María José López-Jara
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Cabello
- Chiloé Silvestre Center for the Conservation of Biodiversity, Ancud, Chile
| | | | - Elie Poulin
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Concepción, Chile; Millennium Institute of Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems and Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catherine E Grueber
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Kim M, Bae J, Oh B, Rhim H, Yang MS, Yang S, Kim B, Han JI. Surveillance of wild animals carrying infectious agents based on high-throughput screening platform in the Republic of Korea. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:158. [PMID: 37710323 PMCID: PMC10500733 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03714-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious diseases transmitted by wild animals are major threats to public health. This study aimed to investigate the potential of rescued wild animals that died of unknown causes as reservoirs of infectious agents. From 2018 to 2019, 121 dead wild animals (55 birds and 66 mammals) were included in this study. All wild animals died during treatment after anthropogenic events. After deaths of animals, necropsies were performed and trachea, lungs, large intestine (including stool), and spleen were collected to determine causes of deaths. A high-throughput screening (HTS) quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) designed to detect 19 pathogens simultaneously against 48 samples in duplicate was performed using nucleic acids extracted from pooled tissues and peripheral blood samples. If positive, singleplex real-time PCR was performed for individual organs or blood samples. RESULTS The HTS qPCR showed positive results for Campylobacter jejuni (10/121, 8.3%), Campylobacter coli (1/121, 0.8%), Mycoplasma spp. (78/121, 64.5%), and Plasmodium spp. (7/121, 5.7%). Singleplex real-time PCR confirmed that C. jejuni was detected in the large intestine but not in the blood. C. coli was only detected in the large intestine. Mycoplasma spp. were detected in all organs, having the highest proportion in the large intestine and lowest in the blood. Plasmodium spp. was also detected in all organs, with proportions being were similar among organs. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that wild animals can become carriers of infectious agents without showing any clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongsu Kim
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
- Jeonbuk Wildlife Center, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Bae
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungkwan Oh
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Haerin Rhim
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
- Jeonbuk Wildlife Center, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeon-Sik Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Somyeong Yang
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ik Han
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea.
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Grassi L, Drigo M, Zelená H, Pasotto D, Cassini R, Mondin A, Franzo G, Tucciarone CM, Ossola M, Vidorin E, Menandro ML. Wild ungulates as sentinels of flaviviruses and tick-borne zoonotic pathogen circulation: an Italian perspective. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:155. [PMID: 37710273 PMCID: PMC10500747 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03717-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vector-borne zoonotic diseases are a concerning issue in Europe. Lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) have been reported in several countries with a large impact on public health; other emerging pathogens, such as Rickettsiales, and mosquito-borne flaviviruses have been increasingly reported. All these pathogens are linked to wild ungulates playing roles as tick feeders, spreaders, and sentinels for pathogen circulation. This study evaluated the prevalence of TBEV, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Rickettsia spp., Ehrlichia spp., and Coxiella spp. by biomolecular screening of blood samples and ticks collected from wild ungulates. Ungulates were also screened by ELISA and virus neutralization tests for flaviviral antibody detection. RESULTS A total of 274 blood samples were collected from several wild ungulate species, as well as 406 Ixodes ricinus, which were feeding on them. Blood samples tested positive for B. burgdorferi s.l. (1.1%; 0-2.3%) and Rickettsia spp. (1.1%; 0-2.3%) and showed an overall flaviviral seroprevalence of 30.6% (22.1-39.2%): 26.1% (17.9-34.3%) for TBEV, 3.6% (0.1-7.1%) for Usutu virus and 0.9% (0-2.7%) for West Nile virus. Ticks were pooled when possible and yielded 331 tick samples that tested positive for B. burgdorferi s.l. (8.8%; 5.8-11.8%), Rickettsia spp. (26.6%; 21.8-31.2%) and Neoehrlichia mikurensis (1.2%; 0-2.4%). TBEV and Coxiella spp. were not detected in either blood or tick samples. CONCLUSIONS This research highlighted a high prevalence of several tick-borne zoonotic pathogens and high seroprevalence for flaviviruses in both hilly and alpine areas. For the first time, an alpine chamois tested positive for anti-TBEV antibodies. Ungulate species are of particular interest due to their sentinel role in flavivirus circulation and their indirect role in tick-borne diseases and maintenance as Ixodes feeders and spreaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Grassi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università, 16, Legnaro, PD 35020 Italy
| | - Michele Drigo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università, 16, Legnaro, PD 35020 Italy
| | - Hana Zelená
- Department of Virology, Institute of Public Health, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Pasotto
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università, 16, Legnaro, PD 35020 Italy
| | - Rudi Cassini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università, 16, Legnaro, PD 35020 Italy
| | - Alessandra Mondin
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università, 16, Legnaro, PD 35020 Italy
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università, 16, Legnaro, PD 35020 Italy
| | - Claudia Maria Tucciarone
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università, 16, Legnaro, PD 35020 Italy
| | - Martina Ossola
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università, 16, Legnaro, PD 35020 Italy
| | - Elena Vidorin
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università, 16, Legnaro, PD 35020 Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Menandro
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università, 16, Legnaro, PD 35020 Italy
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Teitelbaum CS, Masto NM, Sullivan JD, Keever AC, Poulson RL, Carter DL, Blake-Bradshaw AG, Highway CJ, Feddersen JC, Hagy HM, Gerhold RW, Cohen BS, Prosser DJ. North American wintering mallards infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza show few signs of altered local or migratory movements. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14473. [PMID: 37660131 PMCID: PMC10475108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40921-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses pose a threat to wildlife and livestock health. The emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in wild birds and poultry in North America in late 2021 was the first such outbreak since 2015 and the largest outbreak in North America to date. Despite its prominence and economic impacts, we know relatively little about how HPAI spreads in wild bird populations. In January 2022, we captured 43 mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) in Tennessee, USA, 11 of which were actively infected with HPAI. These were the first confirmed detections of HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in the Mississippi Flyway. We compared movement patterns of infected and uninfected birds and found no clear differences; infected birds moved just as much during winter, migrated slightly earlier, and migrated similar distances as uninfected birds. Infected mallards also contacted and shared space with uninfected birds while on their wintering grounds, suggesting ongoing transmission of the virus. We found no differences in body condition or survival rates between infected and uninfected birds. Together, these results show that HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b infection was unrelated to body condition or movement behavior in mallards infected at this location during winter; if these results are confirmed in other seasons and as HPAI H5N1 continues to evolve, they suggest that these birds could contribute to the maintenance and dispersal of HPAI in North America. Further research on more species across larger geographic areas and multiple seasons would help clarify potential impacts of HPAI on waterfowl and how this emerging disease spreads at continental scales, across species, and potentially between wildlife and domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire S Teitelbaum
- Akima Systems Engineering, Herndon, VA, USA.
- Contractor to U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, MD, USA.
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute and NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.
| | - Nicholas M Masto
- College of Arts and Sciences, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN, USA
| | - Jeffery D Sullivan
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Allison C Keever
- College of Arts and Sciences, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca L Poulson
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Deborah L Carter
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Cory J Highway
- College of Arts and Sciences, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN, USA
| | | | - Heath M Hagy
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Wildlife Refuge System, Stanton, TN, USA
| | - Richard W Gerhold
- University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Bradley S Cohen
- College of Arts and Sciences, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN, USA
| | - Diann J Prosser
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, MD, USA
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Olabode AS, Mumby MJ, Wild TA, Muñoz-Baena L, Dikeakos JD, Poon AFY. Phylogenetic Reconstruction and Functional Characterization of the Ancestral Nef Protein of Primate Lentiviruses. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:msad164. [PMID: 37463439 PMCID: PMC10400143 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nef is an accessory protein unique to the primate HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIV lentiviruses. During infection, Nef functions by interacting with multiple host proteins within infected cells to evade the immune response and enhance virion infectivity. Notably, Nef can counter immune regulators such as CD4 and MHC-I, as well as the SERINC5 restriction factor in infected cells. In this study, we generated a posterior sample of time-scaled phylogenies relating SIV and HIV Nef sequences, followed by reconstruction of ancestral sequences at the root and internal nodes of the sampled trees up to the HIV-1 Group M ancestor. Upon expression of the ancestral primate lentivirus Nef protein within CD4+ HeLa cells, flow cytometry analysis revealed that the primate lentivirus Nef ancestor robustly downregulated cell-surface SERINC5, yet only partially downregulated CD4 from the cell surface. Further analysis revealed that the Nef-mediated CD4 downregulation ability evolved gradually, while Nef-mediated SERINC5 downregulation was recovered abruptly in the HIV-1/M ancestor. Overall, this study provides a framework to reconstruct ancestral viral proteins and enable the functional characterization of these proteins to delineate how functions could have changed throughout evolutionary history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi S Olabode
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Mitchell J Mumby
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Tristan A Wild
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Laura Muñoz-Baena
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Jimmy D Dikeakos
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Art F Y Poon
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Western University, London, Canada
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Nuvey FS, Haydon DT, Hattendorf J, Addo KK, Mensah GI, Fink G, Zinsstag J, Bonfoh B. Relationship between animal health and livestock farmers' wellbeing in Ghana: beyond zoonoses. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1353. [PMID: 37452274 PMCID: PMC10347735 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16287-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Livestock production is a key livelihood source for many people in developing countries. Poor control of livestock diseases hamper livestock productivity, threatening farmers' wellbeing and food security. This study estimates the effect of livestock mortalities attributable to disease on the wellbeing of livestock farmers. METHODS Overall, 350 ruminant livestock farmers were randomly selected from three districts located in the north, middle and southern belts of Ghana. Mixed-effect linear regression models were used to estimate the relationship between animal health and farmer wellbeing. Farmer wellbeing was assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF tool, as the mean quality-of-life in four domains (physical, psychological, social, and environmental). Animal health was assessed as annual livestock mortalities to diseases adjusted for herd size, and standardized in tropical livestock units to account for different ruminant livestock species. We adjusted for the potential confounding effect of farmers' age, sex, educational attainment, farmland size, socio-economic status, perception of disease risk to herd, satisfaction with health, previous experience of disease outbreaks in herds, and social support availability by including these as fixed effects, and community as random effects, in a pre-specified model. RESULTS Our results showed that farmers had a median score of 65.5 out of 100 (IQR: 56.6 to 73.2) on the wellbeing scale. The farmers' reported on average (median) 10% (IQR: 0 to 23) annual herd mortalities to diseases. There was a significantly negative relationship between increasing level of animal disease-induced mortality in herds and farmers' wellbeing. Specifically, our model predicted an expected difference in farmers' wellbeing score of 7.9 (95%CI 1.50 to 14.39) between a farmer without any herd mortalities to diseases compared to a (hypothetical) farmer with 100% of herd mortalities caused by diseases in a farming year. Thus, there is a reduction of approximately 0.8 wellbeing points of farmers, for the average of 10% disease-induced herd mortalities experienced. CONCLUSIONS Disease-induced livestock mortalities have a significant negative effect on farmers' wellbeing, particularly in the physical and psychological domains. This suggests that veterinary service policies addressing disease risks in livestock, could contribute to improving the wellbeing of livestock dependent populations, and public food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Sena Nuvey
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, Allschwil, 4123, Switzerland.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, Basel, 4056, Switzerland.
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, BP, 1303, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Daniel T Haydon
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland
| | - Jan Hattendorf
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, Allschwil, 4123, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Kennedy Kwasi Addo
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Accra, Ghana
| | - Gloria Ivy Mensah
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Accra, Ghana
| | - Günther Fink
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, Allschwil, 4123, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Zinsstag
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, Allschwil, 4123, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Bassirou Bonfoh
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, BP, 1303, Côte d'Ivoire
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Jones CM, Wilson AL, Stanton MC, Stothard JR, Guglielmo F, Chirombo J, Mafuleka L, Oronje R, Mzilahowa T. Integrating vector control within an emerging agricultural system in a region of climate vulnerability in southern Malawi: A focus on malaria, schistosomiasis, and arboviral diseases. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2023; 4:100133. [PMID: 37577134 PMCID: PMC10412864 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are emerging at an unprecedented rate while food production intensifies to keep pace with population growth. Large-scale irrigation schemes have the potential to permanently transform the landscape with health, nutritional and socio-economic benefits; yet, this also leads to a shift in land-use patterns that can promote endemic and invasive insect vectors and pathogens. The balance between ensuring food security and preventing emerging infectious disease is a necessity; yet the impact of irrigation on vector-borne diseases at the epidemiological, entomological and economic level is uncertain and depends on the geographical and climatological context. Here, we highlight the risk factors and challenges facing vector-borne disease surveillance and control in an emerging agricultural ecosystem in the lower Shire Valley region of southern Malawi. A phased large scale irrigation programme (The Shire Valley Transformation Project, SVTP) promises to transform over 40,000 ha into viable and resilient farmland, yet the valley is endemic for malaria and schistosomiasis and experiences frequent extreme flooding events following tropical cyclones. The latter exacerbate vector-borne disease risk while simultaneously making any empirical assessment of that risk a significant hurdle. We propose that the SVTP provides a unique opportunity to take a One Health approach at mitigating vector-borne disease risk while maintaining agricultural output. A long-term and multi-disciplinary approach with buy-in from multiple stakeholders will be needed to achieve this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Jones
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Anne L. Wilson
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michelle C. Stanton
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - J. Russell Stothard
- Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Federica Guglielmo
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Rose Oronje
- African Institute for Development and Policy (AFIDEP), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Themba Mzilahowa
- Malaria Alert Centre, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
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Bardakci F, Al-Subaie SHM, Badraoui R, Adnan M, Siddiqui AJ. Molecular Characterization of Hard Ticks Infesting Camels in the Northern Region of Saudi Arabia Using the Barcoding Gene, Mitochondrial Cytochrome oxidase subunit I. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1535. [PMID: 37511909 PMCID: PMC10381736 DOI: 10.3390/life13071535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to molecularly identify and characterize the hard ticks infesting camels from the northern region (Ha'il province) of Saudi Arabia using the mitochondrial barcoding gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). The sequences of tick samples from camels in three regions of Ha'il were aligned with those previously reported from different geographic regions, revealing nine haplotypes, of which six were newly described in this study for the first time. These haplotypes were used to determine their phylogenetic relationships using the maximum likelihood method, displaying two distinct clades corresponding to Hyalomma dromedarii and H. impeltatum. Moreover, the haplotypes showing the highest homology with those deposited in NCBI-GenBank from different geographic regions, including Saudi Arabia, were obtained and combined to determine their phylogenetic relationships among them. The results showed that the haplotypes belonging to two clades were grouped with those previously determined as H. dromedarii and H. impeltatum. Moreover, the presence of H. scupense (syn. H. detritum) together with H. impeltatum suggests possible asymmetrical hybridization and mitochondrial introgression between these species. H. scupense infesting different mammal species apart from camels were also clustered in a different clade, indicating the presence of different lineages of this species that show different host specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fevzi Bardakci
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Riadh Badraoui
- Section of Histology-Cytology, Medicine Faculty of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
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Barbato M, Ceselli A, Premoli M. On the impact of resource relocation in facing health emergencies. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH 2023; 308:422-435. [PMID: 36415330 PMCID: PMC9671698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2022.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 and the corresponding surge in patients with severe symptoms of COVID-19 put a strain on health systems, requiring specialized material and human resources, often exceeding the locally available ones. Motivated by a real emergency response system employed in Northern Italy, we propose a mathematical programming approach for rebalancing the health resources among a network of hospitals in a large geographical area. It is meant for tactical planning in facing foreseen peaks of patients requiring specialized treatment. Our model has a clean combinatorial structure. At the same time, it considers the handling of patients by a dedicated home healthcare service, and the efficient exploitation of resource sharing. We introduce mathematical programming heuristic based on decomposition methods and column generation to drive very large-scale neighborhood search. We evaluate its embedding in a multi-objective optimization framework. We experiment on real world data of the COVID-19 in Northern Italy during 2020, whose aggregation and post processing is made openly available to the community. Our approach proves to be effective in tackling realistic instances, thus making it a reliable basis for actual decision support tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Barbato
- Department of Computer Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, 18, via Celoria, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Ceselli
- Department of Computer Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, 18, via Celoria, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Premoli
- Department of Computer Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, 18, via Celoria, 20133, Milano, Italy
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Hamede R, Fountain‐Jones NM, Arce F, Jones M, Storfer A, Hohenlohe PA, McCallum H, Roche B, Ujvari B, Thomas F. The tumour is in the detail: Local phylogenetic, population and epidemiological dynamics of a transmissible cancer in Tasmanian devils. Evol Appl 2023; 16:1316-1327. [PMID: 37492149 PMCID: PMC10363845 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a major threat for biodiversity conservation and can exert strong influence on wildlife population dynamics. Understanding the mechanisms driving infection rates and epidemic outcomes requires empirical data on the evolutionary trajectory of pathogens and host selective processes. Phylodynamics is a robust framework to understand the interaction of pathogen evolutionary processes with epidemiological dynamics, providing a powerful tool to evaluate disease control strategies. Tasmanian devils have been threatened by a fatal transmissible cancer, devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), for more than two decades. Here we employ a phylodynamic approach using tumour mitochondrial genomes to assess the role of tumour genetic diversity in epidemiological and population dynamics in a devil population subject to 12 years of intensive monitoring, since the beginning of the epidemic outbreak. DFTD molecular clock estimates of disease introduction mirrored observed estimates in the field, and DFTD genetic diversity was positively correlated with estimates of devil population size. However, prevalence and force of infection were the lowest when devil population size and tumour genetic diversity was the highest. This could be due to either differential virulence or transmissibility in tumour lineages or the development of host defence strategies against infection. Our results support the view that evolutionary processes and epidemiological trade-offs can drive host-pathogen coexistence, even when disease-induced mortality is extremely high. We highlight the importance of integrating pathogen and population evolutionary interactions to better understand long-term epidemic dynamics and evaluating disease control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Hamede
- School of Natural SciencesUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
- CANECEV, Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le CancerMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Fernando Arce
- School of Natural SciencesUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Menna Jones
- School of Natural SciencesUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Andrew Storfer
- School of Biological SciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
| | - Paul A. Hohenlohe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary StudiesUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdahoUSA
| | - Hamish McCallum
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food SecurityGriffith University, Nathan CampusNathanQueenslandAustralia
| | - Benjamin Roche
- CREEC, MIVEGEC (CREES)University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRDMontpelierFrance
| | - Beata Ujvari
- CANECEV, Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le CancerMontpellierFrance
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityWaurn PondsVictoriaAustralia
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- CANECEV, Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le CancerMontpellierFrance
- CREEC, MIVEGEC (CREES)University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRDMontpelierFrance
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Valldeperes M, Yerro PP, López-Olvera JR, Fandos P, Lavín S, Escofet RCS, Mentaberre G, León FJCM, Espinosa J, Ráez-Bravo A, Pérez JM, Tampach S, Estruch J, Velarde R, Granados JE. Diseases of Iberian ibex ( Capra pyrenaica). EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2023; 69:63. [PMID: 37274486 PMCID: PMC10233571 DOI: 10.1007/s10344-023-01684-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) is an ecologically and economically relevant medium-sized emblematic mountain ungulate. Diseases participate in the population dynamics of the species as a regulating agent, but can also threaten the conservation and viability of vulnerable population units. Moreover, Iberian ibex can also be a carrier or even a reservoir of pathogens shared with domestic animals and/or humans, being therefore a concern for livestock and public health. The objective of this review is to compile the currently available knowledge on (1) diseases of Iberian ibex, presented according to their relevance on the health and demography of free-ranging populations; (2) diseases subjected to heath surveillance plans; (3) other diseases reported in the species; and (4) diseases with particular relevance in captive Iberian ibex populations. The systematic review of all the information on diseases affecting the species unveils unpublished reports, scientific communications in meetings, and scientific articles, allowing the first comprehensive compilation of Iberian ibex diseases. This review identifies the gaps in knowledge regarding pathogenesis, immune response, diagnostic methods, treatment, and management of diseases in Iberian ibex, providing a base for future research. Moreover, this challenges wildlife and livestock disease and wildlife population managers to assess the priorities and policies currently implemented in Iberian ibex health surveillance and monitoring and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Valldeperes
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paloma Prieto Yerro
- Parque Natural de las Sierras de Cazorla, Segura y Las Villas, C/ Martínez Falero 11, 23470 Cazorla Jaén, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación RNM 118. Biología de Especies Cinegéticas y Plagas, Jaén, Spain
| | - Jorge Ramón López-Olvera
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Santiago Lavín
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gregorio Mentaberre
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciència Animal, Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | | | - José Espinosa
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria and Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Arián Ráez-Bravo
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Pérez
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación RNM 118. Biología de Especies Cinegéticas y Plagas, Jaén, Spain
- Department of Animal and Plant Biology, and Ecology, Jaén University, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Stefania Tampach
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Estruch
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Velarde
- Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Bellaterra Spain
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Enrique Granados
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Barcelona, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación RNM 118. Biología de Especies Cinegéticas y Plagas, Jaén, Spain
- Parque Nacional y Parque Natural de Sierra Nevada. Ctra., Antigua de Sierra Nevada Km 7, Pinos Genil, 18191 Granada, Spain
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Ribas MP, García-Ulloa M, Espunyes J, Cabezón O. Improving the assessment of ecosystem and wildlife health: microbiome as an early indicator. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 81:102923. [PMID: 36996728 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.102923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Human activities are causing dramatic declines in ecosystem health, compromising the functioning of the life-support system, economic activity, and animal and human health. In this context, monitoring the health of ecosystems and wildlife populations is crucial for determining ecological dynamics and assessing management interventions. A growing body of evidence indicates that microbiome provides a meaningful early indicator of ecosystem and wildlife health. Microbiome is ubiquitous and both environmental and host-associated microbiomes rapidly reflect anthropogenic disturbances. However, we still need to overcome current limitations such as nucleic acid degradation, sequencing depth, and the establishment of baseline data to maximize the potential of microbiome studies.
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50
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Hussain S, Hussain A, Aziz MU, Song B, Zeb J, Hasib FMY, Almendros A, Cabezas-Cruz A, George D, Sparagano O. First molecular confirmation of multiple zoonotic vector-borne diseases in pet dogs and cats of Hong Kong SAR. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2023; 14:102191. [PMID: 37121216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the incidence of vector-borne diseases (VBDs) has increased throughout the globe. In particular, tick-borne diseases (e.g., caused by Ehrlichia canis, E. ewingii, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, A. platys, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.) and Babesia gibsoni) and mosquito-borne diseases (e.g., caused by Dirofilaria immitis) diseases pose a burden on animal health. Nevertheless, there have been no studies undertaken on the occurrence of VBDs in pet dogs and cats in Hong Kong SAR. This study fills this gap, and is the first to determine the seroprevalence of major VBDs, such as those caused by D. immitis, E. canis, E. ewingii, A. phagocytophilum, A. platys and B. burgdorferi s.s, in dogs and cats through commercially available SNAP 4Dx plus testing. Infection by all these pathogens and Babesia sp. was further assessed through PCR and DNA sequencing. A total of 224 blood samples were collected from domestic dogs (n = 159) and cats (n = 65) in Hong Kong SAR during summer 2022. Hematocrit and platelet counts were determined in each blood sample and other hematological parameters were assessed using an automatic hematology analyzer and vortex the specimen for one to two minutes at or near the highest setting to minimize the clumping. All cat sera samples were negative for tested pathogens, but antibodies against some of the pathogens were detected in dog sera samples. Here, the highest figures were recorded for seroprevalence of E. canis/E. ewingii (10.7%), followed by D. immitis (5.7%), and A. phagocytophilum/A. platys (2.5%). No B. burgdorferi s.s. antibodies were detected in any of the dogs tested. Through molecular diagnostics, we detected the presence of B. gibsoni (3.7%), E. canis (3.1%), D. immitis (5.7%), and A. phagocytophilum (1.3%). Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic trees for vector-borne pathogens (i.e., genus Anaplasma sp.) showed 100% clustering to Japan, the USA and Germany, whereas genus Ehrlichia sp. showed 100% clustering to China, Turkey, Cuba, and Greece. Similarly, genus Babesia sp. clustered 100% to India, Sri Lanka and Austria, while D. immitis clustered in Iraq, South Korea, Portugal, France, the USA and Italy. This study provides the first evidence on the occurrence of tick-borne pathogens in pet dogs in Hong Kong SAR. Based on these findings, it is recommended that appropriate screening should be undertaken in domestic dogs to evaluate the prevalence of these pathogens and promote the timely control of VBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabir Hussain
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, United States.
| | - Abrar Hussain
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 61802, United States
| | - Muhammad Umair Aziz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Baolin Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jehan Zeb
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - F M Yasir Hasib
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Angel Almendros
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort, F-94700, France
| | - David George
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier Sparagano
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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