1
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Zada A, Lv M, Li J. Molecular Lesions in BRI1 and Its Orthologs in the Plant Kingdom. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8111. [PMID: 39125682 PMCID: PMC11312156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are an essential group of plant hormones regulating numerous aspects of plant growth, development, and stress responses. BRI1, along with its co-receptor BAK1, are involved in brassinosteroid sensing and early events in the BR signal transduction cascade. Mutational analysis of a particular gene is a powerful strategy for investigating its biochemical role. Molecular genetic studies, predominantly in Arabidopsis thaliana, but progressively in numerous other plants, have identified many mutants of the BRI1 gene and its orthologs to gain insight into its structure and function. So far, the plant kingdom has identified up to 40 bri1 alleles in Arabidopsis and up to 30 bri1 orthologs in different plants. These alleles exhibit phenotypes that are identical in terms of development and growth. Here, we have summarized bri1 alleles in Arabidopsis and its orthologs present in various plants including monocots and dicots. We have discussed the possible mechanism responsible for the specific allele. Finally, we have briefly debated the importance of these alleles in the research field and the agronomically valuable traits they offer to improve plant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Zada
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Minghui Lv
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jia Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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2
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Cosenza F, Shrestha A, Van Inghelandt D, Casale FA, Wu PY, Weisweiler M, Li J, Wespel F, Stich B. Genetic mapping reveals new loci and alleles for flowering time and plant height using the double round-robin population of barley. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2385-2402. [PMID: 38330219 PMCID: PMC11016846 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Flowering time and plant height are two critical determinants of yield potential in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Despite their role in plant physiological regulation, a complete overview of the genetic complexity of flowering time and plant height regulation in barley is still lacking. Using a double round-robin population originated from the crossings of 23 diverse parental inbred lines, we aimed to determine the variance components in the regulation of flowering time and plant height in barley as well as to identify new genetic variants by single and multi-population QTL analyses and allele mining. Despite similar genotypic variance, we observed higher environmental variance components for plant height than flowering time. Furthermore, we detected new QTLs for flowering time and plant height. Finally, we identified a new functional allelic variant of the main regulatory gene Ppd-H1. Our results show that the genetic architecture of flowering time and plant height might be more complex than reported earlier and that a number of undetected, small effect, or low-frequency genetic variants underlie the control of these two traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cosenza
- Institute for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Asis Shrestha
- Institute for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Delphine Van Inghelandt
- Institute for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Federico A Casale
- Institute for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Po-Ya Wu
- Institute for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marius Weisweiler
- Institute for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jinquan Li
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Franziska Wespel
- Saatzucht Josef Breun GmbH Co. KG, Amselweg 1, 91074 Herzogenaurach, Germany
| | - Benjamin Stich
- Institute for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Köln, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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3
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Hansson M, Youssef HM, Zakhrabekova S, Stuart D, Svensson JT, Dockter C, Stein N, Waugh R, Lundqvist U, Franckowiak J. A guide to barley mutants. Hereditas 2024; 161:11. [PMID: 38454479 PMCID: PMC10921644 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-023-00304-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutants have had a fundamental impact upon scientific and applied genetics. They have paved the way for the molecular and genomic era, and most of today's crop plants are derived from breeding programs involving mutagenic treatments. RESULTS Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the most widely grown cereals in the world and has a long history as a crop plant. Barley breeding started more than 100 years ago and large breeding programs have collected and generated a wide range of natural and induced mutants, which often were deposited in genebanks around the world. In recent years, an increased interest in genetic diversity has brought many historic mutants into focus because the collections are regarded as valuable resources for understanding the genetic control of barley biology and barley breeding. The increased interest has been fueled also by recent advances in genomic research, which provided new tools and possibilities to analyze and reveal the genetic diversity of mutant collections. CONCLUSION Since detailed knowledge about phenotypic characters of the mutants is the key to success of genetic and genomic studies, we here provide a comprehensive description of mostly morphological barley mutants. The review is closely linked to the International Database for Barley Genes and Barley Genetic Stocks ( bgs.nordgen.org ) where further details and additional images of each mutant described in this review can be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Hansson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Helmy M Youssef
- Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06120, Germany
| | | | - David Stuart
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan T Svensson
- Nordic Genetic Resource Center (NordGen), Växthusvägen 12, 23456, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Christoph Dockter
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J. C. Jacobsens Gade 4, 1799, Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Nils Stein
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, Stadt Seeland, E06466, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robbie Waugh
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, 5064, Australia
| | - Udda Lundqvist
- Nordic Genetic Resource Center (NordGen), Växthusvägen 12, 23456, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Jerome Franckowiak
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 411 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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4
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Huang Y, Maurer A, Giehl RFH, Zhao S, Golan G, Thirulogachandar V, Li G, Zhao Y, Trautewig C, Himmelbach A, Börner A, Jayakodi M, Stein N, Mascher M, Pillen K, Schnurbusch T. Dynamic Phytomeric Growth Contributes to Local Adaptation in Barley. Mol Biol Evol 2024; 41:msae011. [PMID: 38243866 PMCID: PMC10837018 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular plants have segmented body axes with iterative nodes and internodes. Appropriate node initiation and internode elongation are fundamental to plant fitness and crop yield; however, how these events are spatiotemporally coordinated remains elusive. We show that in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), selections during domestication have extended the apical meristematic phase to promote node initiation, but constrained subsequent internode elongation. In both vegetative and reproductive phases, internode elongation displays a dynamic proximal-distal gradient, and among subpopulations of domesticated barleys worldwide, node initiation and proximal internode elongation are associated with latitudinal and longitudinal gradients, respectively. Genetic and functional analyses suggest that, in addition to their converging roles in node initiation, flowering-time genes have been repurposed to specify the timing and duration of internode elongation. Our study provides an integrated view of barley node initiation and internode elongation and suggests that plant architecture should be recognized as a collection of dynamic phytomeric units in the context of crop adaptive evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyu Huang
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Ricardo F H Giehl
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Shuangshuang Zhao
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Guy Golan
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | | | - Guoliang Li
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Yusheng Zhao
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Corinna Trautewig
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Axel Himmelbach
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Andreas Börner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Murukarthick Jayakodi
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Nils Stein
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Seeland, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Mascher
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Seeland, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Klaus Pillen
- Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schnurbusch
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Seeland, Germany
- Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, 06120 Halle, Germany
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5
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Lukina KA, Porotnikov IV, Antonova OY, Kovaleva ON. Determination of the Allelic Composition of the sdw1/denso ( HvGA20ox2), uzu1 ( HvBRI1) and ari-e ( HvDep1) Genes in Spring Barley Accessions from the VIR Collection. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:376. [PMID: 38337909 PMCID: PMC10857314 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The lodging of barley significantly limits its potential yield, leads to the deterioration of grain quality, and complicates mechanized harvesting. More than 30 dwarfness and semi-dwarfness genes and loci are known for barley, and their involvement in breeding can solve the problem of lodging. The most common dwarfing alleles are of the genes sdw1/denso (HvGA20ox2), uzu1 (HvBRI1), and ari-e (HvDep1). The aim of this study was the design of dCAPS markers for the sdw1.c and ari-e.GP alleles and the molecular screening of barley accessions from the VIR collection for identifying these and other dwarfing alleles commonly used in breeding. Two dCAPS markers have been developed to identify the sdw1.c allele of the HvGA20ox2 gene and ari-e.GP of HvDep1. These dCAPS markers and two known from the literature CAPS and dCAPS markers of the alleles sdw1.a/sdw1.e, sdw1.c, sdw1.d, and uzu1.a were used in the molecular screening of 32 height-contrasting barley accessions. This made it possible to identify the accessions with alleles sdw1.a/sdw1.e, sdw1.c, and sdw1.d of the HvGA20ox2 gene, as well as accessions with a combination of sdw1.c and uzu1.a alleles of the genes HvGA20ox2 and HvBRI1. A comparison of the results of genotyping and phenotyping showed that the presence of dwarfing alleles in all genotypes determines high or medium lodging resistance regardless of the influence of weather conditions. Twelve accessions were found to contain the new allele sdw1.ins of the HvGA20ox2 gene, which differs from the known allele sdw1.c by a larger size of PCR products. It is characterized by the Thalos_2 transposon insertion; the subsequent GTTA insertion, common with the sdw1.c allele; and by a single-nucleotide G→A substitution at the 165 position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniia A. Lukina
- Federal Research Center N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), St. Petersburg 190031, Russia; (I.V.P.); (O.Y.A.); (O.N.K.)
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6
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Rys M, Saja-Garbarz D, Fodor J, Oliwa J, Gullner G, Juhász C, Kornaś A, Skoczowski A, Gruszka D, Janeczko A, Barna B. Heat Pre-Treatment Modified Host and Non-Host Interactions of Powdery Mildew with Barley Brassinosteroid Mutants and Wild Types. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:160. [PMID: 38276289 PMCID: PMC10817351 DOI: 10.3390/life14010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
High temperatures associated with climate change may increase the severity of plant diseases. This study investigated the effect of heat shock treatment on host and non-host barley powdery mildew interactions using brassinosteroid (BR) mutants of barley. Brassinosteroids are plant steroid hormones, but so far little is known about their role in plant-fungal interactions. Wild type barley cultivar Bowman and its near-isogenic lines with disturbances in BR biosynthesis or signalling showed high compatibility to barley powdery mildew race A6, while cultivar Delisa and its BR-deficient mutants 522DK and 527DK were fully incompatible with this pathogen (host plant-pathogen interactions). On the other hand, Bowman and its mutants were highly resistant to wheat powdery mildew, representing non-host plant-pathogen interactions. Heat pre-treatment induced shifts in these plant-pathogen interactions towards higher susceptibility. In agreement with the more severe disease symptoms, light microscopy showed a decrease in papillae formation and hypersensitive response, characteristic of incompatible interactions, when heat pre-treatment was applied. Mutant 527DK, but not 522DK, maintained high resistance to barley powdery mildew race A6 despite heat pre-treatment. By 10 days after heat treatment and infection, a noticeable shift became apparent in the chlorophyll a fluorescence and in various leaf reflectance parameters at all genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rys
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Diana Saja-Garbarz
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - József Fodor
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, HUN-REN, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jakub Oliwa
- Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, University of the National Education Commission, Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 31-054 Krakow, Poland
| | - Gábor Gullner
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, HUN-REN, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Juhász
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, HUN-REN, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrzej Kornaś
- Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, University of the National Education Commission, Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 31-054 Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Skoczowski
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
- Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, University of the National Education Commission, Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 31-054 Krakow, Poland
| | - Damian Gruszka
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Janeczko
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Balázs Barna
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, HUN-REN, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
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7
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Schreiber M, Wonneberger R, Haaning AM, Coulter M, Russell J, Himmelbach A, Fiebig A, Muehlbauer GJ, Stein N, Waugh R. Genomic resources for a historical collection of cultivated two-row European spring barley genotypes. Sci Data 2024; 11:66. [PMID: 38216606 PMCID: PMC10786862 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02850-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Barley genomic resources are increasing rapidly, with the publication of a barley pangenome as one of the latest developments. Two-row spring barley cultivars are intensely studied as they are the source of high-quality grain for malting and distilling. Here we provide data from a European two-row spring barley population containing 209 different genotypes registered for the UK market between 1830 to 2014. The dataset encompasses RNA-sequencing data from six different tissues across a range of barley developmental stages, phenotypic datasets from two consecutive years of field-grown trials in the United Kingdom, Germany and the USA; and whole genome shotgun sequencing from all cultivars, which was used to complement the RNA-sequencing data for variant calling. The outcomes are a filtered SNP marker file, a phenotypic database and a large gene expression dataset providing a comprehensive resource which allows for downstream analyses like genome wide association studies or expression associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Schreiber
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Ronja Wonneberger
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Allison M Haaning
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, The University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Max Coulter
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Joanne Russell
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Axel Himmelbach
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Anne Fiebig
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Gary J Muehlbauer
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, The University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Nils Stein
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Robbie Waugh
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, DD2 5DA, UK.
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, DD2 5DA, UK.
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8
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Ahmar S, Gruszka D. CRISPR/Cas9 boosts wheat yield by reducing brassinosteroid signaling. Trends Biochem Sci 2023; 48:917-919. [PMID: 37517884 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
A modern green revolution is needed to ensure global food security. Recently, Song et al. reported a new strategy to create high-yielding, semi-dwarf wheat varieties with improved nitrogen-use efficiency by inhibiting brassinosteroid (BR) signaling through clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein9 (Cas9)-mediated knockout of the ZnF-B gene encoding a zinc-finger RING-type E3 ligase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Ahmar
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Damian Gruszka
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
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9
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Zakhrabekova S, Chauhan P, Dockter C, Ealumalai P, Ivanova A, Jørgensen ME, Lu Q, Shoeva O, Werner K, Hansson M. Identification of a candidate dwarfing gene in Pallas, the first commercial barley cultivar generated through mutational breeding. Front Genet 2023; 14:1213815. [PMID: 37470037 PMCID: PMC10352844 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1213815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Many induced mutants are available in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). One of the largest groups of induced mutants is the Erectoides (ert) mutants, which is characterized by a compact and upright spike and a shortened culm. One isolated mutant, ert-k.32, generated by X-ray treatment and registered in 1958 under the named "Pallas", was the first ever induced barley mutant to be released on the market. Its value was improved culm strength and enhanced lodging resistance. In this study, we aimed to identify the casual gene of the ert-k.32 mutant by whole genome sequencing of allelic ert-k mutants. The suggested Ert-k candidate gene, HORVU.MOREX.r3.6HG0574880, is located in the centromeric region of chromosome 6H. The gene product is an alpha/beta hydrolase with a catalytic triad in the active site composed of Ser-167, His-261 and Asp-232. In comparison to proteins derived from the Arabidopsis genome, ErtK is most similar to a thioesterase with de-S-acylation activity. This suggests that ErtK catalyzes post-translational modifications by removing fatty acids that are covalently attached to cysteine residues of target proteins involved in regulation of plant architecture and important commercial traits such as culm stability and lodging resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anastasiia Ivanova
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Qiongxian Lu
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olesya Shoeva
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Plant Genetics,Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Mats Hansson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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10
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Ke W, Xing J, Chen Z, Zhao Y, Xu W, Tian L, Guo J, Xie X, Du D, Wang Z, Li Y, Xu J, Xin M, Guo W, Hu Z, Su Z, Liu J, Peng H, Yao Y, Sun Q, Ni Z. The TaTCP4/10-B1 cascade regulates awn elongation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023:100590. [PMID: 36919240 PMCID: PMC10363512 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Awns are important morphological markers for wheat and exert a strong physiological effect on wheat yield. The awn elongation suppressor B1 has recently been cloned through association and linkage analysis in wheat. However, the mechanism of awn inhibition centered around B1 remains to be clarified. Here, we identified an allelic variant in the coding region of B1 through analysis of re-sequencing data; this variant causes an amino acid substitution and premature termination, resulting in a long-awn phenotype. Transcriptome analysis indicated that B1 inhibited awn elongation by impeding cytokinin- and auxin-promoted cell division. Moreover, B1 directly repressed the expression of TaRAE2 and TaLks2, whose orthologs have been reported to promote awn development in rice or barley. More importantly, we found that TaTCP4 and TaTCP10 synergistically inhibited the expression of B1, and a G-to-A mutation in the B1 promoter attenuated its inhibition by TaTCP4/10. Taken together, our results reveal novel mechanisms of awn development and provide genetic resources for trait improvement in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Ke
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiewen Xing
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaoyan Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yidi Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weiya Xu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lulu Tian
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinquan Guo
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoming Xie
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dejie Du
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingming Xin
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weilong Guo
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaorong Hu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenqi Su
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huiru Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yingyin Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qixin Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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11
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Li S, Xing K, Qanmber G, Chen G, Liu L, Guo M, Hou Y, Lu L, Qu L, Liu Z, Yang Z. GhBES1 mediates brassinosteroid regulation of leaf size by activating expression of GhEXO2 in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 111:89-106. [PMID: 36271986 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We proposed a working model of BR to promote leaf size through cell expansion. In the BR signaling pathway, GhBES1 affects cotton leaf size by binding to and activating the expression of the E-box element in the GhEXO2 promoter region. Brassinosteroid (BR) is an essential phytohormone that controls plant growth. However, the mechanisms of BR regulation of leaf size remain to be determined. Here, we found that the BR deficient cotton mutant pagoda1 (pag1) had a smaller leaf size than wild-type CRI24. The expression of EXORDIUM (GhEXO2) gene, was significantly downregulated in pag1. Silencing of BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1 (GhBES1), inhibited leaf cell expansion and reduced leaf size. Overexpression of GhBES1.4 promoted leaf cell expansion and enlarged leaf size. Expression analysis showed GhEXO2 expression positively correlated with GhBES1 expression. In plants, altered expression of GhEXO2 promoted leaf cell expansion affecting leaf size. Furthermore, GhBES1.4 specifically binds to the E-box elements in the GhEXO2 promoter, inducing its expression. RNA-seq data revealed many down-regulated genes related to cell expansion in GhEXO2 silenced plants. In summary, we discovered a novel mechanism of BR regulation of leaf size through GhBES1 directly activating the expression of GhEXO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengdong Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kun Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology (Hebei Base), Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Ghulam Qanmber
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Guoquan Chen
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Le Liu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengzhen Guo
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Lili Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Lingbo Qu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Zuoren Yang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, Zhengzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
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12
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Khodaeiaminjan M, Knoch D, Ndella Thiaw MR, Marchetti CF, Kořínková N, Techer A, Nguyen TD, Chu J, Bertholomey V, Doridant I, Gantet P, Graner A, Neumann K, Bergougnoux V. Genome-wide association study in two-row spring barley landraces identifies QTL associated with plantlets root system architecture traits in well-watered and osmotic stress conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1125672. [PMID: 37077626 PMCID: PMC10106628 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1125672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Water availability is undoubtedly one of the most important environmental factors affecting crop production. Drought causes a gradual deprivation of water in the soil from top to deep layers and can occur at diverse stages of plant development. Roots are the first organs that perceive water deficit in soil and their adaptive development contributes to drought adaptation. Domestication has contributed to a bottleneck in genetic diversity. Wild species or landraces represent a pool of genetic diversity that has not been exploited yet in breeding program. In this study, we used a collection of 230 two-row spring barley landraces to detect phenotypic variation in root system plasticity in response to drought and to identify new quantitative trait loci (QTL) involved in root system architecture under diverse growth conditions. For this purpose, young seedlings grown for 21 days in pouches under control and osmotic-stress conditions were phenotyped and genotyped using the barley 50k iSelect SNP array, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted using three different GWAS methods (MLM GAPIT, FarmCPU, and BLINK) to detect genotype/phenotype associations. In total, 276 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs; p-value (FDR)< 0.05) were identified for root (14 and 12 traits under osmotic-stress and control conditions, respectively) and for three shoot traits under both conditions. In total, 52 QTL (multi-trait or identified by at least two different GWAS approaches) were investigated to identify genes representing promising candidates with a role in root development and adaptation to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mortaza Khodaeiaminjan
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Mortaza Khodaeiaminjan, ; Véronique Bergougnoux,
| | - Dominic Knoch
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | | | - Cintia F. Marchetti
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Nikola Kořínková
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Alexie Techer
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Thu D. Nguyen
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jianting Chu
- Department of Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Valentin Bertholomey
- Limagrain Field Seeds, Traits and Technologies, Groupe Limagrain Centre de Recherche, Chappes, France
| | - Ingrid Doridant
- Limagrain Field Seeds, Traits and Technologies, Groupe Limagrain Centre de Recherche, Chappes, France
| | - Pascal Gantet
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
- Unité Mixte de Recherche DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Andreas Graner
- Department Genebank, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Kerstin Neumann
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Véronique Bergougnoux
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Mortaza Khodaeiaminjan, ; Véronique Bergougnoux,
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13
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Nagel M, Arc E, Rajjou L, Cueff G, Bailly M, Clément G, Sanchez-Vicente I, Bailly C, Seal CE, Roach T, Rolletschek H, Lorenzo O, Börner A, Kranner I. Impacts of drought and elevated temperature on the seeds of malting barley. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1049323. [PMID: 36570960 PMCID: PMC9773840 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1049323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High seed quality is key to agricultural production, which is increasingly affected by climate change. We studied the effects of drought and elevated temperature during seed production on key seed quality traits of two genotypes of malting barley (Hordeum sativum L.). Plants of a "Hana-type" landrace (B1) were taller, flowered earlier and produced heavier, larger and more vigorous seeds that resisted ageing longer compared to a semi-dwarf breeding line (B2). Accordingly, a NAC domain-containing transcription factor (TF) associated with rapid response to environmental stimuli, and the TF ABI5, a key regulator of seed dormancy and vigour, were more abundant in B1 seeds. Drought significantly reduced seed yield in both genotypes, and elevated temperature reduced seed size. Genotype B2 showed partial thermodormancy that was alleviated by drought and elevated temperature. Metabolite profiling revealed clear differences between the embryos of B1 and B2. Drought, but not elevated temperature, affected the metabolism of amino acids, organic acids, osmolytes and nitrogen assimilation, in the seeds of both genotypes. Our study may support future breeding efforts to produce new lodging and drought resistant malting barleys without trade-offs that can occur in semi-dwarf varieties such as lower stress resistance and higher dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Nagel
- Genebank Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Erwann Arc
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Loïc Rajjou
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Gwendal Cueff
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Marlene Bailly
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Gilles Clément
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Inmaculada Sanchez-Vicente
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Instituto de Investigación en Agrobiotecnología (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Christophe Bailly
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7622 Biologie du Développement, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte E. Seal
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst, Ardingly, Haywards Heath, West Sussex, Haywards Heath, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Roach
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hardy Rolletschek
- Genebank Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Oscar Lorenzo
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Instituto de Investigación en Agrobiotecnología (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Andreas Börner
- Genebank Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Ilse Kranner
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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14
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Bretani G, Shaaf S, Tondelli A, Cattivelli L, Delbono S, Waugh R, Thomas W, Russell J, Bull H, Igartua E, Casas AM, Gracia P, Rossi R, Schulman AH, Rossini L. Multi-environment genome -wide association mapping of culm morphology traits in barley. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:926277. [PMID: 36212331 PMCID: PMC9539552 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.926277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In cereals with hollow internodes, lodging resistance is influenced by morphological characteristics such as internode diameter and culm wall thickness. Despite their relevance, knowledge of the genetic control of these traits and their relationship with lodging is lacking in temperate cereals such as barley. To fill this gap, we developed an image analysis-based protocol to accurately phenotype culm diameters and culm wall thickness across 261 barley accessions. Analysis of culm trait data collected from field trials in seven different environments revealed high heritability values (>50%) for most traits except thickness and stiffness, as well as genotype-by-environment interactions. The collection was structured mainly according to row-type, which had a confounding effect on culm traits as evidenced by phenotypic correlations. Within both row-type subsets, outer diameter and section modulus showed significant negative correlations with lodging (<-0.52 and <-0.45, respectively), but no correlation with plant height, indicating the possibility of improving lodging resistance independent of plant height. Using 50k iSelect SNP genotyping data, we conducted multi-environment genome-wide association studies using mixed model approach across the whole panel and row-type subsets: we identified a total of 192 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the studied traits, including subpopulation-specific QTLs and 21 main effect loci for culm diameter and/or section modulus showing effects on lodging without impacting plant height. Providing insights into the genetic architecture of culm morphology in barley and the possible role of candidate genes involved in hormone and cell wall-related pathways, this work supports the potential of loci underpinning culm features to improve lodging resistance and increase barley yield stability under changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Bretani
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Salar Shaaf
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tondelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy
| | - Luigi Cattivelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy
| | - Stefano Delbono
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy
| | - Robbie Waugh
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - William Thomas
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Russell
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel Bull
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ernesto Igartua
- Aula Dei Experimental Station (EEAD-CSIC), Spanish Research Council, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana M. Casas
- Aula Dei Experimental Station (EEAD-CSIC), Spanish Research Council, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Gracia
- Aula Dei Experimental Station (EEAD-CSIC), Spanish Research Council, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Roberta Rossi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alan H. Schulman
- Viikki Plant Sciences Centre, Natural Resources Institue (LUKE), HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Rossini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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15
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Knudsen S, Wendt T, Dockter C, Thomsen HC, Rasmussen M, Egevang Jørgensen M, Lu Q, Voss C, Murozuka E, Østerberg JT, Harholt J, Braumann I, Cuesta-Seijo JA, Kale SM, Bodevin S, Tang Petersen L, Carciofi M, Pedas PR, Opstrup Husum J, Nielsen MTS, Nielsen K, Jensen MK, Møller LA, Gojkovic Z, Striebeck A, Lengeler K, Fennessy RT, Katz M, Garcia Sanchez R, Solodovnikova N, Förster J, Olsen O, Møller BL, Fincher GB, Skadhauge B. FIND-IT: Accelerated trait development for a green evolution. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq2266. [PMID: 36001660 PMCID: PMC9401622 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq2266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Improved agricultural and industrial production organisms are required to meet the future global food demands and minimize the effects of climate change. A new resource for crop and microbe improvement, designated FIND-IT (Fast Identification of Nucleotide variants by droplet DigITal PCR), provides ultrafast identification and isolation of predetermined, targeted genetic variants in a screening cycle of less than 10 days. Using large-scale sample pooling in combination with droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) greatly increases the size of low-mutation density and screenable variant libraries and the probability of identifying the variant of interest. The method is validated by screening variant libraries totaling 500,000 barley (Hordeum vulgare) individuals and isolating more than 125 targeted barley gene knockout lines and miRNA or promoter variants enabling functional gene analysis. FIND-IT variants are directly applicable to elite breeding pipelines and minimize time-consuming technical steps to accelerate the evolution of germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Knudsen
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Toni Wendt
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Christoph Dockter
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | | | - Magnus Rasmussen
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | | | - Qiongxian Lu
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Cynthia Voss
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Emiko Murozuka
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | | | - Jesper Harholt
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Ilka Braumann
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Jose A. Cuesta-Seijo
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Sandip M. Kale
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Sabrina Bodevin
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Lise Tang Petersen
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | | | - Pai Rosager Pedas
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Opstrup Husum
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | | | - Kasper Nielsen
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Mikkel K. Jensen
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Lillian Ambus Møller
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Zoran Gojkovic
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Alexander Striebeck
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Klaus Lengeler
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Ross T. Fennessy
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Michael Katz
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Rosa Garcia Sanchez
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | | | - Jochen Förster
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Ole Olsen
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Centre for Synthetic Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Geoffrey B. Fincher
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Birgitte Skadhauge
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
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16
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Takanashi H, Kajiya-Kanegae H, Nishimura A, Yamada J, Ishimori M, Kobayashi M, Yano K, Iwata H, Tsutsumi N, Sakamoto W. DOMINANT AWN INHIBITOR Encodes the ALOG Protein Originating from Gene Duplication and Inhibits AWN Elongation by Suppressing Cell Proliferation and Elongation in Sorghum. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:901-918. [PMID: 35640621 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The awn, a needle-like structure extending from the tip of the lemma in grass species, plays a role in environmental adaptation and fitness. In some crops, awns appear to have been eliminated during domestication. Although numerous genes involved in awn development have been identified, several dominant genes that eliminate awns are also known to exist. For example, in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), the dominant awn-inhibiting gene has been known since 1921; however, its molecular features remain uncharacterized. In this study, we conducted quantitative trait locus analysis and a genome-wide association study of awn-related traits in sorghum and identified DOMINANT AWN INHIBITOR (DAI), which encodes the ALOG family protein on chromosome 3. DAI appeared to be present in most awnless sorghum cultivars, likely because of its effectiveness. Detailed analysis of the ALOG protein family in cereals revealed that DAI originated from a duplication of its twin paralog (DAIori) on chromosome 10. Observations of immature awns in near-isogenic lines revealed that DAI inhibits awn elongation by suppressing both cell proliferation and elongation. We also found that only DAI gained a novel function to inhibit awn elongation through an awn-specific expression pattern distinct from that of DAIori. Interestingly, heterologous expression of DAI with its own promoter in rice inhibited awn elongation in the awned cultivar Kasalath. We found that DAI originated from gene duplication, providing an interesting example of gain-of-function that occurs only in sorghum but shares its functionality with rice and sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Takanashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Hiromi Kajiya-Kanegae
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
- Research Center for Agricultural Information Technology, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kouwa Nishi-Shimbashi Bldg. 5f, 2-14-1 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
| | - Asuka Nishimura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Junko Yamada
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Motoyuki Ishimori
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Masaaki Kobayashi
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571 Japan
| | - Kentaro Yano
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571 Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Iwata
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Tsutsumi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Wataru Sakamoto
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046 Japan
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17
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Jiang C, Lei M, Guo Y, Gao G, Shi L, Jin Y, Cai Y, Himmelbach A, Zhou S, He Q, Yao X, Kan J, Haberer G, Duan F, Li L, Liu J, Zhang J, Spannagl M, Liu C, Stein N, Feng Z, Mascher M, Yang P. A reference-guided TILLING by amplicon-sequencing platform supports forward and reverse genetics in barley. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100317. [PMID: 35605197 PMCID: PMC9284286 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Barley is a diploid species with a genome smaller than those of other members of the Triticeae tribe, making it an attractive model for genetic studies in Triticeae crops. The recent development of barley genomics has created a need for a high-throughput platform to identify genetically uniform mutants for gene function investigations. In this study, we report an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized population consisting of 8525 M3 lines in the barley landrace "Hatiexi" (HTX), which we complement with a high-quality de novo assembly of a reference genome for this genotype. The mutation rate within the population ranged from 1.51 to 4.09 mutations per megabase, depending on the treatment dosage of EMS and the mutation discrimination platform used for genotype analysis. We implemented a three-dimensional DNA pooling strategy combined with multiplexed amplicon sequencing to create a highly efficient and cost-effective TILLING (targeting induced locus lesion in genomes) platform in barley. Mutations were successfully identified from 72 mixed amplicons within a DNA pool containing 64 individual mutants and from 56 mixed amplicons within a pool containing 144 individuals. We discovered abundant allelic mutants for dozens of genes, including the barley Green Revolution contributor gene Brassinosteroid insensitive 1 (BRI1). As a proof of concept, we rapidly determined the causal gene responsible for a chlorotic mutant by following the MutMap strategy, demonstrating the value of this resource to support forward and reverse genetic studies in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Jiang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Lei
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
| | - Guangqi Gao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijie Shi
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanlong Jin
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Axel Himmelbach
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
| | - Shenghui Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Yao
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhong Kan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Georg Haberer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fengying Duan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lihui Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Manuel Spannagl
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Chunming Liu
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nils Stein
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
| | - Zongyun Feng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Martin Mascher
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany.
| | - Ping Yang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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18
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Stachurska J, Rys M, Pociecha E, Kalaji HM, Dąbrowski P, Oklestkova J, Jurczyk B, Janeczko A. Deacclimation-Induced Changes of Photosynthetic Efficiency, Brassinosteroid Homeostasis and BRI1 Expression in Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)—Relation to Frost Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095224. [PMID: 35563614 PMCID: PMC9102500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to answer the question of how the deacclimation process affects frost tolerance, photosynthetic efficiency, brassinosteroid (BR) homeostasis and BRI1 expression of winter oilseed rape. A comparative study was conducted on cultivars with different agronomic and physiological traits. The deacclimation process can occur when there are periods of higher temperatures, particularly in the late autumn or winter. This interrupts the process of the acclimation (hardening) of winter crops to low temperatures, thus reducing their frost tolerance and becoming a serious problem for agriculture. The experimental model included plants that were non-acclimated, cold acclimated (at 4 ∘C) and deacclimated (at 16 ∘C/9 ∘C, one week). We found that deacclimation tolerance (maintaining a high frost tolerance despite warm deacclimating periods) was a cultivar-dependent trait. Some of the cultivars developed a high frost tolerance after cold acclimation and maintained it after deacclimation. However, there were also cultivars that had a high frost tolerance after cold acclimation but lost some of it after deacclimation (the cultivars that were more susceptible to deacclimation). Deacclimation reversed the changes in the photosystem efficiency that had been induced by cold acclimation, and therefore, measuring the different signals associated with photosynthetic efficiency (based on prompt and delayed chlorophyll fluorescence) of plants could be a sensitive tool for monitoring the deacclimation process (and possible changes in frost tolerance) in oilseed rape. Higher levels of BR were characteristic of the better frost-tolerant cultivars in both the cold-acclimated and deacclimated plants. The relative expression of the BRI1 transcript (encoding the BR-receptor protein) was lower after cold acclimation and remained low in the more frost-tolerant cultivars after deacclimation. The role of brassinosteroids in oilseed rape acclimation/deacclimation is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Stachurska
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (J.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Magdalena Rys
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (J.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Ewa Pociecha
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (E.P.); (B.J.)
| | - Hazem M. Kalaji
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences—National Research Institute, Falenty, Al. Hrabska 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland;
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-766 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Dąbrowski
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-766 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jana Oklestkova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University, Šlechtitelu 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Barbara Jurczyk
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (E.P.); (B.J.)
| | - Anna Janeczko
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (J.S.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Hudzenko VM, Polishchuk TP, Lysenko AA, Fedorenko IV, Fedorenko MV, Khudolii LV, Ishchenko VA, Kozelets HM, Babenko AI, Tanchyk SP, Mandrovska SM. Elucidation of gene action and combining ability for productive tillering in spring barley. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.15421/022225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to identify breeding and genetic peculiarities for productive tillering in spring barley genotypes of different origin, purposes of usage and botanical affiliation, as well as to identify effective genetic sources to further improving of the trait. There were created two complete (6 × 6) diallel crossing schemes. Into the Scheme I elite Ukrainian (MIP Tytul and Avhur) and Western European (Datcha, Quench, Gladys, and Beatrix) malting spring barley varieties were involved. Scheme II included awnless covered barley varieties Kozyr and Vitrazh bred at the Plant Production Institute named after V. Y. Yuriev of NAAS of Ukraine, naked barley varieties Condor and CDC Rattan from Canada, as well as awned feed barley variety MIP Myroslav created at MIW and malting barley variety Sebastian from Denmark. For more reliable and informative characterization of barley varieties and their progeny for productive tillering in terms of inheritance, parameters of genetic variation and general combining ability (GCA) statistical analyses of experimental data from different (2019 and 2020) growing seasons were conducted. Accordingly to the indicator of phenotypic dominance all possible modes of inheritance were detected, except for negative dominance in the Scheme I in 2020. The degree of phenotypic dominance significantly varied depending on both varieties involved in crossing schemes and conditions of the years of trials. There was overdominance in loci in both schemes in both years. The other parameters of genetic variation showed significant differences in gene action for productive tillering between crossing Schemes. In Scheme I in both years the dominance was mainly unidirectional and due to dominant effects. In the Scheme II in both years there was multidirectional dominance. In Scheme I compliance with the additive-dominant system was revealed in 2019, but in 2020 there was a strong epistasis. In Scheme II in both years non-allelic interaction was identified. In general, the mode of gene action showed a very complex gene action for productive tillering in barley and a significant role of non-genetic factors in phenotypic manifestation of the trait. Despite this, the level of heritability in the narrow sense in both Schemes pointed to the possibility of the successful selection of individuals with genetically determined increased productive tillering in the splitting generations. In Scheme I the final selection for productive tillering will be more effective in later generations, when dominant alleles become homozygous. In Scheme II it is theoretically possible to select plants with high productive tillering on both recessive and dominant basis. In both schemes the non-allelic interaction should be taken into consideration. Spring barley varieties Beatrix, Datcha, MIP Myroslav and Kozyr can be used as effective genetic sources for involvement in crossings aimed at improving the productive tillering. The results of present study contribute to further development of studies devoted to evaluation of gene action for yield-related traits in spring barley, as well as identification of new genetic sources for plant improvement.
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20
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Cao D, Wang D, Li S, Li Y, Hao M, Liu B. Genotyping-by-sequencing and genome-wide association study reveal genetic diversity and loci controlling agronomic traits in triticale. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:1705-1715. [PMID: 35244733 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The genetic diversity and loci underlying agronomic traits were analyzed by the reads coverage and genome-wide association study based genotyping-by-sequencing in a diverse population consisting of 199 accessions. Triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) is an economically important grain forage and energy crop planted worldwide for its high biomass. Little is known about the genetic diversity and loci underlying agronomic traits in triticale. We performed genotyping-by-sequencing of 199 cultivars and mapped reads to the A, B, D, and R genomes for karyotype analysis. These cultivars could mostly be grouped into five types. Some chromosome abnormalities occurred with high frequency, such as 2D (2R) substitution, deletion of the long arm of chromosome 2D or the short arm of 5R, and translocation of the long arms of 7D/7A, the short arms of 6D/6A, or the long arms of 1D/1A. We chose only widely planted hexaploid triticale cultivars (153) for genome-wide association study. These cultivars could be divided into nine distinct groups, and the linkage disequilibrium decay was 25.4 kb in this population. We identified 253 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) on 20 chromosomes, except 7R. Twenty-one reliable MTAs were identified repeatedly over two environments. We predicted 16 putative candidate genes involved in plant growth and development using the genome sequences of wheat and rye. These results provide a basis for understanding the genetic mechanisms of agronomic traits and will benefit the breeding of improved hexaploid triticale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Cao
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, People's Republic of China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxia Wang
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Qinghai, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiming Li
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Li
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, People's Republic of China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China
| | - Ming Hao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.
| | - Baolong Liu
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, People's Republic of China.
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Mehla S, Kumar U, Kapoor P, Singh Y, Sihag P, Sagwal V, Balyan P, Kumar A, Ahalawat N, Lakra N, Singh KP, Pesic V, Djalovic I, Mir RR, Dhankher OP. Structural and functional insights into the candidate genes associated with different developmental stages of flag leaf in bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Front Genet 2022; 13:933560. [PMID: 36092892 PMCID: PMC9449350 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.933560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Grain yield is one of the most important aims for combating the needs of the growing world population. The role of development and nutrient transfer in flag leaf for higher yields at the grain level is well known. It is a great challenge to properly exploit this knowledge because all the processes, starting from the emergence of the flag leaf to the grain filling stages of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), are very complex biochemical and physiological processes to address. This study was conducted with the primary goal of functionally and structurally annotating the candidate genes associated with different developmental stages of flag leaf in a comprehensive manner using a plethora of in silico tools. Flag leaf-associated genes were analyzed for their structural and functional impacts using a set of bioinformatics tools and algorithms. The results revealed the association of 17 candidate genes with different stages of flag leaf development in wheat crop. Of these 17 candidate genes, the expression analysis results revealed the upregulation of genes such as TaSRT1-5D, TaPNH1-7B, and TaNfl1-2B and the downregulation of genes such as TaNAP1-7B, TaNOL-4D, and TaOsl2-2B can be utilized for the generation of high-yielding wheat varieties. Through MD simulation and other in silico analyses, all these proteins were found to be stable. Based on the outcome of bioinformatics and molecular analysis, the identified candidate genes were found to play principal roles in the flag leaf development process and can be utilized for higher-yield wheat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Mehla
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Upendra Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Prexha Kapoor
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Yogita Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Pooja Sihag
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Vijeta Sagwal
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Priyanka Balyan
- Department of Botany, Deva Nagri P. G. College, CCS University, Meerut, India
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Navjeet Ahalawat
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Nita Lakra
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Krishna Pal Singh
- Biophysics Unit, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
- Vice-Chancellor’s Secretariat, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India
| | - Vladan Pesic
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivica Djalovic
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Maxim Gorki 30, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Reyazul Rouf Mir
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, India
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
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22
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Zolkiewicz K, Gruszka D. Glycogen synthase kinases in model and crop plants - From negative regulators of brassinosteroid signaling to multifaceted hubs of various signaling pathways and modulators of plant reproduction and yield. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:939487. [PMID: 35909730 PMCID: PMC9335153 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.939487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinases, also known as SHAGGY-like Kinases (GSKs/SKs), are highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinases present both in animals and plants. Plant genomes contain multiple homologs of the GSK3 genes which participate in various biological processes. Plant GSKs/SKs, and their best known representative in Arabidopsis thaliana - Brassinosteroid Insentisive2 (BIN2/SK21) in particular, were first identified as components of the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway. As phytohormones, BRs regulate a wide range of physiological processes in plants - from germination, cell division, elongation and differentiation to leaf senescence, and response to environmental stresses. The GSKs/SKs proteins belong to a group of several highly conserved components of the BR signaling which evolved early during evolution of this molecular relay. However, recent reports indicated that the GSKs/SKs proteins are also implicated in signaling pathways of other phytohormones and stress-response processes. As a consequence, the GSKs/SKs proteins became hubs of various signaling pathways and modulators of plant development and reproduction. Thus, it is very important to understand molecular mechanisms regulating activity of the GSKs/SKs proteins, but also to get insights into role of the GSKs/SKs proteins in modulation of stability and activity of various substrate proteins which participate in the numerous signaling pathways. Although elucidation of these aspects is still in progress, this review presents a comprehensive and detailed description of these processes and their implications for regulation of development, stress response, and reproduction of model and crop species. The GSKs/SKs proteins and their activity are modulated through phosphorylation and de-phosphorylation reactions which are regulated by various proteins. Importantly, both phosphorylations and de-phosphorylations may have positive and negative effects on the activity of the GSKs/SKs proteins. Additionally, the activity of the GSKs/SKs proteins is positively regulated by reactive oxygen species, whereas it is negatively regulated through ubiquitylation, deacetylation, and nitric oxide-mediated nitrosylation. On the other hand, the GSKs/SKs proteins interact with proteins representing various signaling pathways, and on the basis of the complicated network of interactions the GSKs/SKs proteins differentially regulate various physiological, developmental, stress response, and yield-related processes.
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23
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Sadura I, Janeczko A. Brassinosteroids and the Tolerance of Cereals to Low and High Temperature Stress: Photosynthesis and the Physicochemical Properties of Cell Membranes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:342. [PMID: 35008768 PMCID: PMC8745458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereals, which belong to the Poaceae family, are the most economically important group of plants. Among abiotic stresses, temperature stresses are a serious and at the same time unpredictable problem for plant production. Both frost (in the case of winter cereals) and high temperatures in summer (especially combined with a water deficit in the soil) can result in significant yield losses. Plants have developed various adaptive mechanisms that have enabled them to survive periods of extreme temperatures. The processes of acclimation to low and high temperatures are controlled, among others, by phytohormones. The current review is devoted to the role of brassinosteroids (BR) in cereal acclimation to temperature stress with special attention being paid to the impact of BR on photosynthesis and the membrane properties. In cereals, the exogenous application of BR increases frost tolerance (winter rye, winter wheat), tolerance to cold (maize) and tolerance to a high temperature (rice). Disturbances in BR biosynthesis and signaling are accompanied by a decrease in frost tolerance but unexpectedly an improvement of tolerance to high temperature (barley). BR exogenous treatment increases the efficiency of the photosynthetic light reactions under various temperature conditions (winter rye, barley, rice), but interestingly, BR mutants with disturbances in BR biosynthesis are also characterized by an increased efficiency of PSII (barley). BR regulate the sugar metabolism including an increase in the sugar content, which is of key importance for acclimation, especially to low temperatures (winter rye, barley, maize). BR either participate in the temperature-dependent regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis or control the processes that are responsible for the transport or incorporation of the fatty acids into the membranes, which influences membrane fluidity (and subsequently the tolerance to high/low temperatures) (barley). BR may be one of the players, along with gibberellins or ABA, in acquiring tolerance to temperature stress in cereals (particularly important for the acclimation of cereals to low temperature).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Sadura
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Janeczko
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
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24
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Bai Y, Zhao X, Yao X, Yao Y, An L, Li X, Wang Y, Gao X, Jia Y, Guan L, Li M, Wu K, Wang Z. Genome wide association study of plant height and tiller number in hulless barley. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260723. [PMID: 34855842 PMCID: PMC8639095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum), also called naked barley, is a unique variety of cultivated barley. The genome-wide specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) method is a rapid deep sequencing technology that is used for the selection and identification of genetic loci or markers. In this study, we collected 300 hulless barley accessions and used the SLAF-seq method to identify candidate genes involved in plant height (PH) and tiller number (TN). We obtained a total of 1407 M paired-end reads, and 228,227 SLAF tags were developed. After filtering using an integrity threshold of >0.8 and a minor allele frequency of >0.05, 14,504,892 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) loci were screened out. The remaining SNPs were used for the construction of a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree, and the three subcluster members showed no obvious differentiation among regional varieties. We used a genome wide association study approach to identify 1006 and 113 SNPs associated with TN and PH, respectively. Based on best linear unbiased predictors (BLUP), 41 and 29 SNPs associated with TN and PH, respectively. Thus, several of genes, including Hd3a and CKX5, may be useful candidates for the future genetic breeding of hulless barley. Taken together, our results provide insight into the molecular mechanisms controlling barley architecture, which is important for breeding and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhao
- Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
- Good Agricultural Practices Research Center of Traditional, Chongqing Institute of Medicinal Plant Cultivation, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohua Yao
- Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Youhua Yao
- Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Likun An
- Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Xin Li
- Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yatao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lulu Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Man Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kunlun Wu
- Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
- * E-mail: (KW); (ZW)
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (KW); (ZW)
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Huang B, Wu W, Hong Z. Genetic Loci Underlying Awn Morphology in Barley. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101613. [PMID: 34681007 PMCID: PMC8535194 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Barley awns are highly active in photosynthesis and account for 30–50% of grain weight in barley. They are diverse in length, ranging from long to awnless, and in shape from straight to hooded or crooked. Their diversity and importance have intrigued geneticists for several decades. A large collection of awnness mutants are available—over a dozen of them have been mapped on chromosomes and a few recently cloned. Different awnness genes interact with each other to produce diverse awn phenotypes. With the availability of the sequenced barley genome and application of new mapping and gene cloning strategies, it will now be possible to identify and clone more awnness genes. A better understanding of the genetic basis of awn diversity will greatly facilitate development of new barley cultivars with improved yield, adaptability and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biguang Huang
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
- Fujian Collegiate Key Laboratory of Applied Plant Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Weiren Wu
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zonglie Hong
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (Z.H.)
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Jiang C, Li B, Song Z, Zhang Y, Yu C, Wang H, Wang L, Zhang H. PtBRI1.2 promotes shoot growth and wood formation through a brassinosteroid-mediated PtBZR1-PtWNDs module in poplar. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6350-6364. [PMID: 34089602 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroid-insensitive-1 (BRI1) plays important roles in various signalling pathways controlling plant growth and development. However, the regulatory mechanism of BRI1 in brassinosteroid (BR)-mediated signalling for shoot growth and wood formation in woody plants is largely unknown. In this study, PtBRI1.2, a brassinosteroid-insensitive-1 gene, was overexpressed in poplar. Shoot growth and wood formation of transgenic plants were examined and the regulatory genes involved were verified. PtBRI1.2 was localized to the plasma membrane, with a predominant expression in leaves. Ectopic expression of PtBRI1.2 in Arabidopsis bri1-201 and bri1-5 mutants rescued their retarded-growth phenotype. Overexpression of PtBRI1.2 in poplar promoted shoot growth and wood formation in transgenic plants. Further studies revealed that overexpression of PtBRI1.2 promoted the accumulation of PtBZR1 (BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1) in the nucleus, which subsequently activated PtWNDs (WOOD-ASSOCIATED NAC DOMAIN transcription factors) to up-regulate expression of secondary cell wall biosynthesis genes involved in wood formation. Our results suggest that PtBRI1.2 plays a crucial role in regulating shoot growth and wood formation by activating BR signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Jiang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Li
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and abiotic Resistant Plants in the Universities of Shandong, and Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Zhizhong Song
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and abiotic Resistant Plants in the Universities of Shandong, and Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Yuliang Zhang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Chunyan Yu
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and abiotic Resistant Plants in the Universities of Shandong, and Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Haihai Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Limin Wang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and abiotic Resistant Plants in the Universities of Shandong, and Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and abiotic Resistant Plants in the Universities of Shandong, and Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
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Xiong CY, Gong QY, Pei H, Liao CJ, Yang RC, Li GK, Huang J. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Regulatory Networks during the Maize Ear Shank Elongation Process. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137029. [PMID: 34209973 PMCID: PMC8268914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In maize, the ear shank is a short branch that connects the ear to the stalk. The length of the ear shank mainly affects the transportation of photosynthetic products to the ear, and also influences the dehydration of the grain by adjusting the tightness of the husks. However, the molecular mechanisms of maize shank elongation have rarely been described. It has been reported that the maize ear shank length is a quantitative trait, but its genetic basis is still unclear. In this study, RNA-seq was performed to explore the transcriptional dynamics and determine the key genes involved in maize shank elongation at four different developmental stages. A total of 8145 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 729 transcription factors (TFs). Some important genes which participate in shank elongation were detected via function annotation and temporal expression pattern analyses, including genes related to signal transduction hormones (auxin, brassinosteroids, gibberellin, etc.), xyloglucan and xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferase, and transcription factor families. The results provide insights into the genetic architecture of maize ear shanks and developing new varieties with ideal ear shank lengths, enabling adjustments for mechanized harvesting in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Yun Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (C.-Y.X.); (R.-C.Y.)
| | - Qing-You Gong
- Zhuhai Modern Agriculture Development Center, Zhuhai 519070, China;
| | - Hu Pei
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Chang-Jian Liao
- Technical Research Center of Dry Crop Variety Breeding in Fujian Province, Crop Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China;
| | - Rui-Chun Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (C.-Y.X.); (R.-C.Y.)
| | - Gao-Ke Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: (G.-K.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Jun Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (C.-Y.X.); (R.-C.Y.)
- Correspondence: (G.-K.L.); (J.H.)
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28
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Lu Q, Dockter C, Sirijovski N, Zakhrabekova S, Lundqvist U, Gregersen PL, Hansson M. Analysis of barley mutants ert-c.1 and ert-d.7 reveals two loci with additive effect on plant architecture. PLANTA 2021; 254:9. [PMID: 34148131 PMCID: PMC8215040 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03653-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Both mutant ert-c.1 and ert-d.7 carry T2-T3 translocations in the Ert-c gene. Principal coordinate analyses revealed the translocation types and translocation breakpoints. Mutant ert-d.7 is an Ert-c Ert-d double mutant. Mutations in the Ert-c and Ert-d loci are among the most common barley mutations affecting plant architecture. The mutants have various degrees of erect and compact spikes, often accompanied with short and stiff culms. In the current study, complementation tests, linkage mapping, principal coordinate analyses and fine mapping were conducted. We conclude that the original ert-d.7 mutant does not only carry an ert-d mutation but also an ert-c mutation. Combined, mutations in Ert-c and Ert-d cause a pyramid-dense spike phenotype, whereas mutations in only Ert-c or Ert-d give a pyramid and dense phenotype, respectively. Associations between the Ert-c gene and T2-T3 translocations were detected in both mutant ert-c.1 and ert-d.7. Different genetic association patterns indicate different translocation breakpoints in these two mutants. Principal coordinate analysis based on genetic distance and screening of recombinants from all four ends of polymorphic regions was an efficient way to narrow down the region of interest in translocation-involved populations. The Ert-c gene was mapped to the marker interval of 2_0801to1_0224 on 3HL near the centromere. The results illuminate a complex connection between two single genes having additive effects on barley spike architecture and will facilitate the identification of the Ert-c and Ert-d genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongxian Lu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, 1799, Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Christoph Dockter
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, 1799, Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Nick Sirijovski
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Udda Lundqvist
- Nordic Genetic Resource Centre (NordGen), Smedjevägen 3, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Per L Gregersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Mats Hansson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362, Lund, Sweden.
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29
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Kothari A, Lachowiec J. Roles of Brassinosteroids in Mitigating Heat Stress Damage in Cereal Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2706. [PMID: 33800127 PMCID: PMC7962182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress causes huge losses in the yield of cereal crops. Temperature influences the rate of plant metabolic and developmental processes that ultimately determine the production of grains, with high temperatures causing a reduction in grain yield and quality. To ensure continued food security, the tolerance of high temperature is rapidly becoming necessary. Brassinosteroids (BR) are a class of plant hormones that impact tolerance to various biotic and abiotic stresses and regulate cereal growth and fertility. Fine-tuning the action of BR has the potential to increase cereals' tolerance and acclimation to heat stress and maintain yields. Mechanistically, exogenous applications of BR protect yields through amplifying responses to heat stress and rescuing the expression of growth promoters. Varied BR compounds and differential signaling mechanisms across cereals point to a diversity of mechanisms that can be leveraged to mitigate heat stress. Further, hormone transport and BR interaction with other molecules in plants may be critical to utilizing BR as protective agrochemicals against heat stress. Understanding the interplay between heat stress responses, growth processes and hormone signaling may lead us to a comprehensive dogma of how to tune BR application for optimizing cereal growth under challenging environments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Lachowiec
- Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;
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30
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Stuart D, Sandström M, Youssef HM, Zakhrabekova S, Jensen PE, Bollivar DW, Hansson M. Aerobic Barley Mg-protoporphyrin IX Monomethyl Ester Cyclase is Powered by Electrons from Ferredoxin. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9091157. [PMID: 32911631 PMCID: PMC7570240 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chlorophyll is the light-harvesting molecule central to the process of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll is synthesized through 15 enzymatic steps. Most of the reactions have been characterized using recombinant proteins. One exception is the formation of the isocyclic E-ring characteristic of chlorophylls. This reaction is catalyzed by the Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase encoded by Xantha-l in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The Xantha-l gene product (XanL) is a membrane-bound diiron monooxygenase, which requires additional soluble and membrane-bound components for its activity. XanL has so far been impossible to produce as an active recombinant protein for in vitro assays, which is required for deeper biochemical and structural analyses. In the present work, we performed cyclase assays with soluble and membrane-bound fractions of barley etioplasts. Addition of antibodies raised against ferredoxin or ferredoxin-NADPH oxidoreductase (FNR) inhibited assays, strongly suggesting that reducing electrons for the cyclase reaction involves ferredoxin and FNR. We further developed a completely recombinant cyclase assay. Expression of active XanL required co-expression with an additional protein, Ycf54. In vitro cyclase activity was obtained with recombinant XanL in combination with ferredoxin and FNR. Our experiment demonstrates that the cyclase is a ferredoxin-dependent enzyme. Ferredoxin is part of the photosynthetic electron-transport chain, which suggests that the cyclase reaction might be connected to photosynthesis under light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stuart
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (D.S.); (M.S.); (H.M.Y.); (S.Z.)
| | - Malin Sandström
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (D.S.); (M.S.); (H.M.Y.); (S.Z.)
| | - Helmy M. Youssef
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (D.S.); (M.S.); (H.M.Y.); (S.Z.)
- Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Shakhira Zakhrabekova
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (D.S.); (M.S.); (H.M.Y.); (S.Z.)
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark;
| | - David W. Bollivar
- Department of Biology, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL P.O. Box 2900, USA;
| | - Mats Hansson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (D.S.); (M.S.); (H.M.Y.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-46-2224980
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31
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Jia Z, von Wirén N. Signaling pathways underlying nitrogen-dependent changes in root system architecture: from model to crop species. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4393-4404. [PMID: 31970412 PMCID: PMC7382383 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Among all essential mineral elements, nitrogen (N) is required in the largest amounts and thus is often a limiting factor for plant growth. N is taken up by plant roots in the form of water-soluble nitrate, ammonium, and, depending on abundance, low-molecular weight organic N. In soils, the availability and composition of these N forms can vary over space and time, which exposes roots to various local N signals that regulate root system architecture in combination with systemic signals reflecting the N nutritional status of the shoot. Uncovering the molecular mechanisms underlying N-dependent signaling provides great potential to optimize root system architecture for the sake of higher N uptake efficiency in crop breeding. In this review, we summarize prominent signaling mechanisms and their underlying molecular players that derive from external N forms or the internal N nutritional status and modulate root development including root hair formation and gravitropism. We also compare the current state of knowledge of these pathways between Arabidopsis and graminaceous plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtao Jia
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), D-06466 Stadt Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), D-06466 Stadt Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Gruszka D, Pociecha E, Jurczyk B, Dziurka M, Oliwa J, Sadura I, Janeczko A. Insights into Metabolic Reactions of Semi-Dwarf, Barley Brassinosteroid Mutants to Drought. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145096. [PMID: 32707671 PMCID: PMC7404083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The roles of endogenous brassinosteroids (BRs) in the modulation of reaction to drought and genetic regulation of this process are still obscure. In this study, a multidirectional analysis was performed on semi-dwarf barley (Hordeum vulgare) Near-Isogenic Lines (NILs) and the reference cultivar “Bowman” to get insights into various aspects of metabolic reaction to drought. The NILs are defective in BR biosynthesis or signaling and displayed an enhanced tolerance to drought. The BR metabolism perturbations affected the glucose and fructose accumulation under the control and stress conditions. The BR metabolism abnormalities negatively affected the sucrose accumulation as well. However, during drought, the BR-deficient NILs accumulated higher contents of sucrose than the “Bowman” cultivar. Under the control conditions, accumulation of transcripts encoding antioxidant enzymes ascorbate peroxidase (HvAPX) and superoxide dismutase (HvSOD) was BR-dependent. However, during drought, the accumulation of HvAPX transcript was BR-dependent, whereas accumulations of transcripts encoding catalase (HvCAT) and HvSOD were not affected by the BR metabolism perturbations. The obtained results reveal a significant role of BRs in regulation of the HvAPX and HvCAT enzymatic activities under control conditions and the HvAPX and HvSOD activities during physiological reactions to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Gruszka
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Ewa Pociecha
- Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 30-239 Krakow, Poland; (E.P.); (B.J.)
| | - Barbara Jurczyk
- Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 30-239 Krakow, Poland; (E.P.); (B.J.)
| | - Michał Dziurka
- The Franciszek Gorski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Krakow, Poland; (M.D.); (I.S.); (A.J.)
| | - Jakub Oliwa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Sciences, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Iwona Sadura
- The Franciszek Gorski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Krakow, Poland; (M.D.); (I.S.); (A.J.)
| | - Anna Janeczko
- The Franciszek Gorski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Krakow, Poland; (M.D.); (I.S.); (A.J.)
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Pandey A, Devi LL, Singh AP. Review: Emerging roles of brassinosteroid in nutrient foraging. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 296:110474. [PMID: 32540004 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are well-characterized growth hormones that are critical for plant growth, development, and productivity. Genetic and molecular studies have revealed the key components of BR biosynthesis and signaling pathways. The membrane-localized BR signaling receptor, BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) binds directly to its ligand and initiates series of signaling events that led to the activation of BR transcriptional regulators, BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1 (BZR1) and BRI1-ETHYL METHANESULFONATE-SUPPRESSOR1 (BES1/BZR2) to regulate the cellular processes. Insights from Arabidopsis research revealed tissue and cell type-specific roles of BR in controlling cell elongation and maintenance of stem cell niche in roots. More recently, BRs have gained much attention in regulating the root growth during nutrient deficiency such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and boron. Differential distribution of nutrients in the rhizosphere alters BR hormone levels and signaling to reprogram spatial distribution of root system architecture (RSA) such as a change in primary root growth, lateral root numbers, length, and angle, root hair formation and elongation. These morpho-physiological changes in RSA are also known as an adaptive root trait or foraging response of the plant. In this review, we highlight the role of BRs in regulating RSA to increase root foraging response during fluctuating nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshika Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | | | - Amar Pal Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Rotasperti L, Sansoni F, Mizzotti C, Tadini L, Pesaresi P. Barley's Second Spring as A Model Organism for Chloroplast Research. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9070803. [PMID: 32604986 PMCID: PMC7411767 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) has been widely used as a model crop for studying molecular and physiological processes such as chloroplast development and photosynthesis. During the second half of the 20th century, mutants such as albostrians led to the discovery of the nuclear-encoded, plastid-localized RNA polymerase and the retrograde (chloroplast-to-nucleus) signalling communication pathway, while chlorina-f2 and xantha mutants helped to shed light on the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway, on the light-harvesting proteins and on the organization of the photosynthetic apparatus. However, during the last 30 years, a large fraction of chloroplast research has switched to the more “user-friendly” model species Arabidopsis thaliana, the first plant species whose genome was sequenced and published at the end of 2000. Despite its many advantages, Arabidopsis has some important limitations compared to barley, including the lack of a real canopy and the absence of the proplastid-to-chloroplast developmental gradient across the leaf blade. These features, together with the availability of large collections of natural genetic diversity and mutant populations for barley, a complete genome assembly and protocols for genetic transformation and gene editing, have relaunched barley as an ideal model species for chloroplast research. In this review, we provide an update on the genomics tools now available for barley, and review the biotechnological strategies reported to increase photosynthesis efficiency in model species, which deserve to be validated in barley.
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The Impact of Mutations in the HvCPD and HvBRI1 Genes on the Physicochemical Properties of the Membranes from Barley Acclimated to Low/High Temperatures. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051125. [PMID: 32370052 PMCID: PMC7290739 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The study characterized barley mutants with brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis and signaling disturbances in terms of the physicochemical/structural properties of membranes to enrich the knowledge about the role of brassinosteroids for lipid metabolism and membrane functioning. (2) Methods: The Langmuir method was used to investigate the properties of the physicochemical membranes. Langmuir monolayers were formed from the lipid fractions isolated from the plants growing at 20 °C and then acclimated at 5 °C or 27 °C. The fatty acid composition of the lipids was estimated using gas chromatography. (3) Results: The BR-biosynthesis and BR-signaling mutants of barley were characterized by a temperature-dependent altered molar percentage of fatty acids (from 14:0 to 20:1) in their galactolipid and phospholipid fractions in comparison to wild-type (WT). For example, the mutants had a lower molar percentage of 18:3 in the phospholipid (PL) fraction. The same regularity was observed at 5 °C. It resulted in altered physicochemical parameters of the membranes (Alim, πcoll, Cs−1). (4) Conclusions: BR may be involved in regulating fatty acid biosynthesis or their transport/incorporation into the cell membranes. Mutants had altered physicochemical parameters of their membranes, compared to the WT, which suggests that BR may have a multidirectional impact on the membrane-dependent physiological processes.
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HSP Transcript and Protein Accumulation in Brassinosteroid Barley Mutants Acclimated to Low and High Temperatures. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051889. [PMID: 32164259 PMCID: PMC7084868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In temperature stress, the main role of heat-shock proteins (HSP) is to act as molecular chaperones for other cellular proteins. However, knowledge about the hormonal regulation of the production of the HSP is quite limited. Specifically, little is known about the role of the plant steroid hormones—brassinosteroids (BR)—in regulating the HSP expression. The aim of our study was to answer the question of how a BR deficit or disturbances in its signaling affect the accumulation of the HSP90, HSP70, HSP18, and HSP17 transcripts and protein in barley growing at 20 °C (control) and during the acclimation of plants at 5 °C and 27 °C. In barley, the temperature of plant growth modified the expression of HSPs. Furthermore, the BR-deficient mutants (mutations in the HvDWARF or HvCPD genes) and BR-signaling mutants (mutation in the HvBRI1 gene) were characterized by altered levels of the transcripts and proteins of the HSP group compared to the wild type. The BR-signaling mutant was characterized by a decreased level of the HSP transcripts and heat-shock proteins. In the BR-deficient mutants, there were temperature-dependent cases when the decreased accumulation of the HSP70 and HSP90 transcripts was connected to an increased accumulation of these HSP. The significance of changes in the accumulation of HSPs during acclimation at 27 °C and 5 °C is discussed in the context of the altered tolerance to more extreme temperatures of the studied mutants (i.e., heat stress and frost, respectively).
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Zheng X, Xiao Y, Tian Y, Yang S, Wang C. PcDWF1, a pear brassinosteroid biosynthetic gene homologous to AtDWARF1, affected the vegetative and reproductive growth of plants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:109. [PMID: 32143576 PMCID: PMC7060609 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The steroidal hormones brassinosteroids (BRs) play important roles in plant growth and development. The pathway and genes involved in BR biosynthesis have been identified primarily in model plants like Arabidopsis, but little is known about BR biosynthesis in woody fruits such as pear. RESULTS In this study, we found that applying exogenous brassinolide (BL) could significantly increase the stem growth and rooting ability of Pyrus ussuriensis. PcDWF1, which had a significantly lower level of expression in the dwarf-type pear than in the standard-type pear, was cloned for further analysis. A phylogenetic analysis showed that PcDWF1 was a pear brassinosteroid biosynthetic gene that was homologous to AtDWARF1. The subcellular localization analysis indicated that PcDWF1 was located in the plasma membrane. Overexpression of PcDWF1 in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) or pear (Pyrus ussuriensis) plants promoted the growth of the stems, which was caused by a larger cell size and more developed xylem than those in the control plants, and the rooting ability was significantly enhanced. In addition to the change in vegetative growth, the tobacco plants overexpressing PcDWF1 also had a delayed flowering time and larger seed size than did the control tobacco plants. These phenotypes were considered to result from the higher BL contents in the transgenic lines than in the control tobacco and pear plants. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results reveal that the pear BR biosynthetic gene PcDWF1 affected the vegetative and reproductive growth of Pyrus ussuriensis and Nicotiana tabacum and could be characterized as an important BR biosynthetic gene in perennial woody fruit plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109 China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Yuxiong Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109 China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Yike Tian
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109 China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Shaolan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109 China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Caihong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109 China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109 China
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Castorina G, Consonni G. The Role of Brassinosteroids in Controlling Plant Height in Poaceae: A Genetic Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041191. [PMID: 32054028 PMCID: PMC7072740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The most consistent phenotype of the brassinosteroid (BR)-related mutants is the dwarf habit. This observation has been reported in every species in which BR action has been studied through a mutational approach. On this basis, a significant role has been attributed to BRs in promoting plant growth. In this review, we summarize the work conducted in rice, maize, and barley for the genetic dissection of the pathway and the functional analysis of the genes involved. Similarities and differences detected in these species for the BR role in plant development are presented. BR promotes plant cell elongation through a complex signalling cascade that modulates the activities of growth-related genes and through the interaction with gibberellins (GAs), another class of important growth-promoting hormones. Evidence of BR–GA cross-talk in controlling plant height has been collected, and mechanisms of interaction have been studied in detail in Arabidopsis thaliana and in rice (Oryza sativa). The complex picture emerging from the studies has highlighted points of interaction involving both metabolic and signalling pathways. Variations in plant stature influence plant performance in terms of stability and yield. The comprehension of BR’s functional mechanisms will therefore be fundamental for future applications in plant-breeding programs.
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Exploring the Brassinosteroid Signaling in Monocots Reveals Novel Components of the Pathway and Implications for Plant Breeding. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21010354. [PMID: 31948086 PMCID: PMC6982108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of steroidal phytohormones which are key regulators of diverse processes during whole life cycle of plants. Studies conducted in the dicot model species Arabidopsis thaliana have allowed identification and characterization of various components of the BR signaling. It is currently known that the BR signaling is interconnected at various stages with other phytohormonal and stress signaling pathways. It enables a rapid and efficient adaptation of plant metabolism to constantly changing environmental conditions. However, our knowledge about mechanism of the BR signaling in the monocot species is rather limited. Thus, identification of new components of the BR signaling in monocots, including cereals, is an ongoing process and has already led to identification of some monocot-specific components of the BR signaling. It is of great importance as disturbances in the BR signaling influence architecture of mutant plants, and as a consequence, the reaction to environmental conditions. Currently, the modulation of the BR signaling is considered as a target to enhance yield and stress tolerance in cereals, which is of particular importance in the face of global climate change.
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Matyszczak I, Tominska M, Zakhrabekova S, Dockter C, Hansson M. Analysis of early-flowering genes at barley chromosome 2H expands the repertoire of mutant alleles at the Mat-c locus. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:47-61. [PMID: 31541262 PMCID: PMC6960220 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02472-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Analyses of barley mat-c loss of function mutants reveal deletions, splice-site mutations and nonsynonymous substitutions in a key gene regulating early flowering. Optimal timing of flowering is critical for reproductive success and crop yield improvement. Several major quantitative trait loci for flowering time variation have been identified in barley. In the present study, we analyzed two near-isogenic lines, BW507 and BW508, which were reported to carry two independent early-flowering mutant loci, mat-b.7 and mat-c.19, respectively. Both introgression segments are co-localized in the pericentromeric region of chromosome 2H. We mapped the mutation in BW507 to a 31 Mbp interval on chromosome 2HL and concluded that BW507 has a deletion of Mat-c, which is an ortholog of Antirrhinum majus CENTRORADIALIS (AmCEN) and Arabidopsis thaliana TERMINAL FLOWER1 (AtTFL1). Contrary to previous reports, our data showed that both BW507 and BW508 are Mat-c deficient and none of them are mat-b.7 derived. This work complements previous studies by identifying the uncharacterized mat-c.19 mutant and seven additional mat-c mutants. Moreover, we explored the X-ray structure of AtTFL1 for prediction of the functional effects of nonsynonymous substitutions caused by mutations in Mat-c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Matyszczak
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, 1799, Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Marta Tominska
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, 1799, Copenhagen V, Denmark
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, University of Silesia, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Shakhira Zakhrabekova
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, 1799, Copenhagen V, Denmark
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, SE-22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christoph Dockter
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, 1799, Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Mats Hansson
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, 1799, Copenhagen V, Denmark.
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, SE-22362, Lund, Sweden.
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Lin WH. Designed Manipulation of the Brassinosteroid Signal to Enhance Crop Yield. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:854. [PMID: 32595692 PMCID: PMC7300318 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroid (BR), a plant steroid hormone, plays crucial role in modulating plant growth and development, which affect crop architecture and yield. However, BR application cannot highly benefit to agricultural production as expectation, because it regulates multiple processes in different tissues and leads to side effect. In addition, accurately modifying BR signal at transcriptional level is difficult. Effective manipulation of the BR signal and avoidance of side effects are required to enhance yield in different crops. Application of BR by spraying at specific developmental stages can enhance crop yield, but this method is impractical for use on a large scale. The accurate molecular design of crops would be much more helpful to manipulate the BR signal in specific organs and/or at particular developmental stages to enhance crop yield. This minireview summarizes the BR regulation of yield in different crops, especially horticultural crops, and the strategies used to regulate the BR signal to enhance crop yield. One popular strategy is to directly modulate the BR signal through modifying the functions of important components in the BR signal transduction pathway. Another strategy is to identify and modulate regulators downstream of, or in crosstalk with, the BR signal to manipulate its role in specific processes and increase crop yield. Efforts to accurately design a BR manipulation strategy will ultimately lead to effective control of the BR signal to avoid side effects and enhance crop yield.
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Bajguz A, Chmur M, Gruszka D. Comprehensive Overview of the Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis Pathways: Substrates, Products, Inhibitors, and Connections. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1034. [PMID: 32733523 PMCID: PMC7358554 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) as a class of steroid plant hormones participate in the regulation of numerous developmental processes, including root and shoot growth, vascular differentiation, fertility, flowering, and seed germination, as well as in responding to environmental stresses. During four decades of research, the BR biosynthetic pathways have been well studied with forward- and reverse genetics approaches. The free BRs contain 27, 28, and 29 carbons within their skeletal structure: (1): 5α-cholestane or 26-nor-24α-methyl-5α-cholestane for C27-BRs; (2) 24α-methyl-5α-cholestane, 24β-methyl-5α-cholestane or 24-methylene-5α-cholestane for C28-BRs; (3) 24α-ethyl-5α-cholestane, 24(Z)-ethylidene-5α-cholestane, 25-methyl-5α-campestane or 24-methylene-25-methyl-5α-cholestane for C29-BRs, as well as different kinds and orientations of oxygenated functions in A- and B-ring. These alkyl substituents are also common structural features of sterols. BRs are derived from sterols carrying the same side chain. The C27-BRs without substituent at C-24 are biosynthesized from cholesterol. The C28-BRs carrying either an α-methyl, β-methyl, or methylene group are derived from campesterol, 24-epicampesterol or 24-methylenecholesterol, respectively. The C29-BRs with an α-ethyl group are produced from sitosterol. Furthermore, the C29 BRs carrying methylene at C-24 and an additional methyl group at C-25 are derived from 24-methylene-25-methylcholesterol. Generally, BRs are biosynthesized via cycloartenol and cycloartanol dependent pathways. Till now, more than 17 compounds were characterized as inhibitors of the BR biosynthesis. For nine of the inhibitors (e.g., brassinazole and YCZ-18) a specific target reaction within the BR biosynthetic pathway has been identified. Therefore, the review highlights comprehensively recent advances in our understanding of the BR biosynthesis, sterol precursors, and dependencies between the C27-C28 and C28-C29 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Bajguz
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- *Correspondence: Andrzej Bajguz,
| | - Magdalena Chmur
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Damian Gruszka
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Sadura I, Libik-Konieczny M, Jurczyk B, Gruszka D, Janeczko A. Plasma membrane ATPase and the aquaporin HvPIP1 in barley brassinosteroid mutants acclimated to high and low temperature. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 244:153090. [PMID: 31841952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The integral parts of the cell membranes are the functional proteins, which are crucial for cell life. Among them, proton-pumping ATPase and aquaporins appear to be of particular importance. There is some knowledge about the effect of the temperature during plant growth, including stress-inducing temperatures, on the accumulation of the membrane proteins: plasma membrane H+-ATPase and aquaporins, but not much is known about the effect of the phytohormones (i.e. brassinosteroids (BR)) on control of accumulation of these proteins. The aim of our study was to answer the question of how a BR deficit and disturbances in the BR perception/signalling affect the accumulation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase (PM H+-ATPase), the aquaporin HvPIP1 transcript and protein in barley growing at 20 °C and during its acclimation at 5 °C and 27 °C. For the studies, the BR-deficient mutant 522DK (derived from the wild-type Delisa), the BR-deficient mutant BW084 and the BR-signalling mutant BW312 and their wild-type Bowman were used. Generally, temperature of growth was significant factor influencing on the level of the accumulation of the H+-ATPase and HvPIP1 transcript and the PM H+-ATPase and HvPIP1 protein in barley leaves. The level of the accumulation of the HvPIP1 transcript decreased at 5 °C (compared to 20 °C), but was higher at 27 °C than at 20 °C in the analyzed cultivars. In both cultivars the protein HvPIP1 was accumulated in the highest amounts at 27 °C. On the other hand, the barley mutants with a BR deficiency or with BR signalling disturbances were characterised by an altered accumulation level of PM H+-ATPase, the aquaporin HvPIP1 transcript and protein (compared to the wild types), which may suggest the involvement of brassinosteroids in regulating PM H+-ATPase and aquaporin HvPIP1 at the transcriptional and translational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Sadura
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Marta Libik-Konieczny
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Jurczyk
- University of Agriculture in Kraków, Department of Plant Physiology, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Damian Gruszka
- University of Silesia, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Department of Genetics, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Janeczko
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
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Wei Z, Li J. Regulation of Brassinosteroid Homeostasis in Higher Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:583622. [PMID: 33133120 PMCID: PMC7550685 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.583622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are known as one of the major classes of phytohormones essential for various processes during normal plant growth, development, and adaptations to biotic and abiotic stresses. Significant progress has been achieved on revealing mechanisms regulating BR biosynthesis, catabolism, and signaling in many crops and in model plant Arabidopsis. It is known that BRs control plant growth and development in a dosage-dependent manner. Maintenance of BR homeostasis is therefore critical for optimal functions of BRs. In this review, updated discoveries on mechanisms controlling BR homeostasis in higher plants in response to internal and external cues are discussed.
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Huang D, Zheng Q, Melchkart T, Bekkaoui Y, Konkin DJF, Kagale S, Martucci M, You FM, Clarke M, Adamski NM, Chinoy C, Steed A, McCartney CA, Cutler AJ, Nicholson P, Feurtado JA. Dominant inhibition of awn development by a putative zinc-finger transcriptional repressor expressed at the B1 locus in wheat. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:340-355. [PMID: 31469444 PMCID: PMC6916588 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Awns, bristle-like structures extending from grass lemmas, provide protection against predators, contribute to photosynthesis and aid in grain dispersal. In wheat, selection of awns with minimal extension, termed awnletted, has occurred during domestication by way of loci that dominantly inhibit awn development, such as Tipped1 (B1), Tipped2 (B2), and Hooded (Hd). Here we identify and characterize the B1 gene. B1 was identified using bulked segregant RNA-sequencing of an F2 durum wheat population and through deletion mapping of awned bread wheat mutants. Functional characterization was accomplished by gene overexpression while haplotype analyses assessed B1 polymorphisms and genetic variation. Located on chromosome 5A, B1 is a C2H2 zinc finger encoding gene with ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motifs. Constitutive overexpression of B1 in awned wheat produced an awnletted phenotype with pleiotropic effects on plant height and fertility. Transcriptome analysis of B1 overexpression plants suggests a role as transcriptional repressor, putatively targeting pathways involved in cell proliferation. Haplotype analysis revealed a conserved B1 coding region with proximal polymorphisms and supported the contention that B1 is mainly responsible for awnletted wheats globally. B1, predominantly responsible for awn inhibition in wheat, encodes a C2H2 zinc finger protein with EAR motifs which putatively functions as a transcriptional repressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiqing Huang
- Aquatic and Crop Resource DevelopmentNational Research Council of CanadaSaskatoonSKS7N 0W9Canada
| | - Qian Zheng
- Aquatic and Crop Resource DevelopmentNational Research Council of CanadaSaskatoonSKS7N 0W9Canada
| | - Tancey Melchkart
- Aquatic and Crop Resource DevelopmentNational Research Council of CanadaSaskatoonSKS7N 0W9Canada
| | - Yasmina Bekkaoui
- Aquatic and Crop Resource DevelopmentNational Research Council of CanadaSaskatoonSKS7N 0W9Canada
| | - David J. F. Konkin
- Aquatic and Crop Resource DevelopmentNational Research Council of CanadaSaskatoonSKS7N 0W9Canada
| | - Sateesh Kagale
- Aquatic and Crop Resource DevelopmentNational Research Council of CanadaSaskatoonSKS7N 0W9Canada
| | - Martial Martucci
- Morden Research and Development CentreAgriculture and Agri‐Food Canada101 Route 100MordenMBR6M 1Y5Canada
| | - Frank M. You
- Ottawa Research and Development CentreAgriculture and Agri‐Food Canada960 Carling AvenueOttawaONK1A 0C6Canada
| | - Martha Clarke
- Department of Crop GeneticsJohn Innes CentreNorwich Research Park, Colney LaneNorwichNR4 7UHUK
| | - Nikolai M. Adamski
- Department of Crop GeneticsJohn Innes CentreNorwich Research Park, Colney LaneNorwichNR4 7UHUK
| | - Catherine Chinoy
- Department of Crop GeneticsJohn Innes CentreNorwich Research Park, Colney LaneNorwichNR4 7UHUK
| | - Andrew Steed
- Department of Crop GeneticsJohn Innes CentreNorwich Research Park, Colney LaneNorwichNR4 7UHUK
| | - Curt A. McCartney
- Morden Research and Development CentreAgriculture and Agri‐Food Canada101 Route 100MordenMBR6M 1Y5Canada
| | - Adrian J. Cutler
- Aquatic and Crop Resource DevelopmentNational Research Council of CanadaSaskatoonSKS7N 0W9Canada
| | - Paul Nicholson
- Department of Crop GeneticsJohn Innes CentreNorwich Research Park, Colney LaneNorwichNR4 7UHUK
| | - J. Allan Feurtado
- Aquatic and Crop Resource DevelopmentNational Research Council of CanadaSaskatoonSKS7N 0W9Canada
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Schreiber M, Barakate A, Uzrek N, Macaulay M, Sourdille A, Morris J, Hedley PE, Ramsay L, Waugh R. A highly mutagenised barley ( cv. Golden Promise) TILLING population coupled with strategies for screening-by-sequencing. PLANT METHODS 2019; 15:99. [PMID: 31462905 PMCID: PMC6708184 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-019-0486-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We developed and characterised a highly mutagenised TILLING population of the barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivar Golden Promise. Golden Promise is the 'reference' genotype for barley transformation and a primary objective of using this cultivar was to be able to genetically complement observed mutations directly in order to prove gene function. Importantly, a reference genome assembly of Golden Promise has also recently been developed. As our primary interest was to identify mutations in genes involved in meiosis and recombination, to characterise the population we focused on a set of 46 genes from the literature that are possible meiosis gene candidates. RESULTS Sequencing 20 plants from the population using whole exome capture revealed that the mutation density in this population is high (one mutation every 154 kb), and consequently even in this small number of plants we identified several interesting mutations. We also recorded some issues with seed availability and germination. We subsequently designed and applied a simple two-dimensional pooling strategy to identify mutations in varying numbers of specific target genes by Illumina short read pooled-amplicon sequencing and subsequent deconvolution. In parallel we assembled a collection of semi-sterile mutants from the population and used a custom exome capture array targeting the 46 candidate meiotic genes to identify potentially causal mutations. CONCLUSIONS We developed a highly mutagenised barley TILLING population in the transformation competent cultivar Golden Promise. We used novel and cost-efficient screening approaches to successfully identify a broad range of potentially deleterious variants that were subsequently validated by Sanger sequencing. These resources combined with a high-quality genome reference sequence opens new possibilities for efficient functional gene validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Schreiber
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA Scotland UK
| | - Abdellah Barakate
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA Scotland UK
| | - Nicola Uzrek
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA Scotland UK
| | - Malcolm Macaulay
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA Scotland UK
| | - Adeline Sourdille
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA Scotland UK
| | - Jenny Morris
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA Scotland UK
| | - Pete E. Hedley
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA Scotland UK
| | - Luke Ramsay
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA Scotland UK
| | - Robbie Waugh
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA Scotland UK
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA Scotland UK
- School of Agriculture and Wine, University of Adelaide, Plant Genome Building, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, Adelaide, SA Australia
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Patil V, McDermott HI, McAllister T, Cummins M, Silva JC, Mollison E, Meikle R, Morris J, Hedley PE, Waugh R, Dockter C, Hansson M, McKim SM. APETALA2 control of barley internode elongation. Development 2019; 146:dev.170373. [PMID: 31076487 PMCID: PMC6589076 DOI: 10.1242/dev.170373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many plants dramatically elongate their stems during flowering, yet how this response is coordinated with the reproductive phase is unclear. We demonstrate that microRNA (miRNA) control of APETALA2 (AP2) is required for rapid, complete elongation of stem internodes in barley, especially of the final ‘peduncle’ internode directly underneath the inflorescence. Disrupted miR172 targeting of AP2 in the Zeo1.b barley mutant caused lower mitotic activity, delayed growth dynamics and premature lignification in the peduncle leading to fewer and shorter cells. Stage- and tissue-specific comparative transcriptomics between Zeo1.b and its parent cultivar showed reduced expression of proliferation-associated genes, ectopic expression of maturation-related genes and persistent, elevated expression of genes associated with jasmonate and stress responses. We further show that applying methyl jasmonate (MeJA) phenocopied the stem elongation of Zeo1.b, and that Zeo1.b itself was hypersensitive to inhibition by MeJA but less responsive to promotion by gibberellin. Taken together, we propose that miR172-mediated restriction of AP2 may modulate the jasmonate pathway to facilitate gibberellin-promoted stem growth during flowering. Summary: Regulation of reproductive stem elongation in barley by APETALA2 suggests a pivotal role for phase change repression of JA-associated responses to promote internode growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrushali Patil
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The University of Dundee at The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland
| | - Hannah I McDermott
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The University of Dundee at The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland
| | - Trisha McAllister
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The University of Dundee at The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland
| | - Michael Cummins
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The University of Dundee at The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland
| | - Joana C Silva
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The University of Dundee at The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland
| | - Ewan Mollison
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The University of Dundee at The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland
| | - Rowan Meikle
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The University of Dundee at The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland
| | - Jenny Morris
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland
| | - Pete E Hedley
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland
| | - Robbie Waugh
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The University of Dundee at The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland.,Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland
| | - Christoph Dockter
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Mats Hansson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sarah M McKim
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The University of Dundee at The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland
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48
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Shaaf S, Bretani G, Biswas A, Fontana IM, Rossini L. Genetics of barley tiller and leaf development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:226-256. [PMID: 30548413 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In cereals, tillering and leaf development are key factors in the concept of crop ideotype, introduced in the 1960s to enhance crop yield, via manipulation of plant architecture. In the present review, we discuss advances in genetic analysis of barley shoot architecture, focusing on tillering, leaf size and angle. We also discuss novel phenotyping techniques, such as 2D and 3D imaging, that have been introduced in the era of phenomics, facilitating reliable trait measurement. We discuss the identification of genes and pathways that are involved in barley tillering and leaf development, highlighting key hormones involved in the control of plant architecture in barley and rice. Knowledge on genetic control of traits related to plant architecture provides useful resources for designing ideotypes for enhanced barley yield and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salar Shaaf
- University of Milan, DiSAA, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Abhisek Biswas
- University of Milan, DiSAA, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Rossini
- University of Milan, DiSAA, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
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49
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McKim SM. How plants grow up. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:257-277. [PMID: 30697935 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A plant's lateral structures, such as leaves, branches and flowers, literally hinge on the shoot axis, making its integrity and growth fundamental to plant form. In all plants, subapical proliferation within the shoot tip displaces cells downward to extrude the cylindrical stem. Following the transition to flowering, many plants show extensive axial elongation associated with increased subapical proliferation and expansion. However, the cereal grasses also elongate their stems, called culms, due to activity within detached intercalary meristems which displaces cells upward, elevating the grain-bearing inflorescence. Variation in culm length within species is especially relevant to cereal crops, as demonstrated by the high-yielding semi-dwarfed cereals of the Green Revolution. Although previously understudied, recent renewed interest the regulation of subapical and intercalary growth suggests that control of cell division planes, boundary formation and temporal dynamics of differentiation, are likely critical mechanisms coordinating axial growth and development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M McKim
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
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50
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Göransson M, Hallsson JH, Lillemo M, Orabi J, Backes G, Jahoor A, Hermannsson J, Christerson T, Tuvesson S, Gertsson B, Reitan L, Alsheikh M, Aikasalo R, Isolahti M, Veteläinen M, Jalli M, Krusell L, Hjortshøj RL, Eriksen B, Bengtsson T. Identification of Ideal Allele Combinations for the Adaptation of Spring Barley to Northern Latitudes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:542. [PMID: 31130971 PMCID: PMC6510284 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The northwards expansion of barley production requires adaptation to longer days, lower temperatures and stronger winds during the growing season. We have screened 169 lines of the current barley breeding gene pool in the Nordic region with regards to heading, maturity, height, and lodging under different environmental conditions in nineteen field trials over 3 years at eight locations in northern and central Europe. Through a genome-wide association scan we have linked phenotypic differences observed in multi-environment field trials (MET) to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). We have identified an allele combination, only occurring among a few Icelandic lines, that affects heat sum to maturity and requires 214 growing degree days (GDD) less heat sum to maturity than the most common allele combination in the Nordic spring barley gene pool. This allele combination is beneficial in a cold environment, where autumn frost can destroy a late maturing harvest. Despite decades of intense breeding efforts relying heavily on the same germplasm, our results show that there still exists considerable variation within the current breeding gene pool and we identify ideal allele combinations for regional adaptation, which can facilitate the expansion of cereal cultivation even further northwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Göransson
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- *Correspondence: Magnus Göransson, Therése Bengtsson,
| | - Jón Hallsteinn Hallsson
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Morten Lillemo
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Gunter Backes
- Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, Kassel University, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Ahmed Jahoor
- Nordic Seed A/S, Odder, Denmark
- Department of Plant Breeding, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Jónatan Hermannsson
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marja Jalli
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Therése Bengtsson
- Department of Plant Breeding, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Magnus Göransson, Therése Bengtsson,
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