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Aleksic S, Fleysher R, Weiss EF, Tal N, Darby T, Blumen HM, Vazquez J, Ye KQ, Gao T, Siegel SM, Barzilai N, Lipton ML, Milman S. Hypothalamic MRI-derived microstructure is associated with neurocognitive aging in humans. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 141:102-112. [PMID: 38850591 PMCID: PMC11295133 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2024.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The hypothalamus regulates homeostasis across the lifespan and is emerging as a regulator of aging. In murine models, aging-related changes in the hypothalamus, including microinflammation and gliosis, promote accelerated neurocognitive decline. We investigated relationships between hypothalamic microstructure and features of neurocognitive aging, including cortical thickness and cognition, in a cohort of community-dwelling older adults (age range 65-97 years, n=124). Hypothalamic microstructure was evaluated with two magnetic resonance imaging diffusion metrics: mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA), using a novel image processing pipeline. Hypothalamic MD was cross-sectionally positively associated with age and it was negatively associated with cortical thickness. Hypothalamic FA, independent of cortical thickness, was cross-sectionally positively associated with neurocognitive scores. An exploratory analysis of longitudinal neurocognitive performance suggested that lower hypothalamic FA may predict cognitive decline. No associations between hypothalamic MD, age, and cortical thickness were identified in a younger control cohort (age range 18-63 years, n=99). To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that hypothalamic microstructure is associated with features of neurocognitive aging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Aleksic
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
| | - Roman Fleysher
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Erica F Weiss
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Noa Tal
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Timothy Darby
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Helena M Blumen
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Juan Vazquez
- Department of Internal Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kenny Q Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States; Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Tina Gao
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Shira M Siegel
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Michael L Lipton
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sofiya Milman
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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2
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Sonsalla MM, Babygirija R, Johnson M, Cai S, Cole M, Yeh CY, Grunow I, Liu Y, Vertein D, Calubag MF, Trautman ME, Green CL, Rigby MJ, Puglielli L, Lamming DW. Acarbose ameliorates Western diet-induced metabolic and cognitive impairments in the 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.27.600472. [PMID: 39005334 PMCID: PMC11244897 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.27.600472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Age is the greatest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) as well as for other disorders that increase the risk of AD such as diabetes and obesity. There is growing interest in determining if interventions that promote metabolic health can prevent or delay AD. Acarbose is an anti-diabetic drug that not only improves glucose homeostasis, but also extends the lifespan of wild-type mice. Here, we test the hypothesis that acarbose will not only preserve metabolic health, but also slow or prevent AD pathology and cognitive deficits in 3xTg mice, a model of AD, fed either a Control diet or a high-fat, high-sucrose Western diet (WD). We find that acarbose decreases the body weight and adiposity of WD-fed 3xTg mice, increasing energy expenditure while also stimulating food consumption, and improves glycemic control. Both male and female WD-fed 3xTg mice have worsened cognitive deficits than Control-fed mice, and these deficits are ameliorated by acarbose treatment. Molecular and histological analysis of tau and amyloid pathology identified sex-specific effects of acarbose which are uncoupled from the dramatic improvements in cognition, suggesting that the benefits of acarbose on AD are largely driven by improved metabolic health. In conclusion, our results suggest that acarbose may be a promising intervention to prevent, delay, or even treat AD, especially in individuals consuming a Western diet.
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Jiang Z, He Q, Wezeman J, Darvas M, Ladiges W. A cocktail of rapamycin, acarbose, and phenylbutyrate prevents age-related cognitive decline in mice by targeting multiple aging pathways. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01198-w. [PMID: 38755466 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01198-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a primary risk factor for cognitive impairment and exacerbates multiple biological processes in the brain, including but not limited to nutrient sensing, insulin signaling, and histone deacetylation activity. Therefore, a pharmaceutical intervention of aging that targets distinct but overlapping pathways provides a basis for testing combinations of drugs as a cocktail. Our previous study showed that middle-aged mice treated with a cocktail of rapamycin, acarbose, and phenylbutyrate for 3 months had increased resilience to age-related cognitive decline. This finding provided the rationale to investigate the transcriptomic and molecular changes within the brains of mice that received this cocktail treatment or control treatment. Transcriptomic profiles were generated through ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing, and pathway analysis was performed by gene set enrichment analysis to evaluate the overall RNA message effect of the drug cocktail. Molecular endpoints representing aging pathways were measured using immunohistochemistry to further validate the attenuation of brain aging in the hippocampus of mice that received the cocktail treatment, each individual drug or control. Results showed that biological processes that enhance aging were suppressed, with an increased trend of autophagy in the brains of mice given the drug cocktail. The molecular endpoint assessments indicated that treatment with the drug cocktail was overall more effective than any of the individual drugs for relieving cognitive impairment by targeting multiple aging pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Jiang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Qianpei He
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jackson Wezeman
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Martin Darvas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Warren Ladiges
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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4
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Burns AR, Wiedrick J, Feryn A, Maes M, Midha MK, Baxter DH, Morrone SR, Prokop TJ, Kapil C, Hoopmann MR, Kusebauch U, Deutsch EW, Rappaport N, Watanabe K, Moritz RL, Miller RA, Lapidus JA, Orwoll ES. Proteomic changes induced by longevity-promoting interventions in mice. GeroScience 2024; 46:1543-1560. [PMID: 37653270 PMCID: PMC10828338 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00917-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Using mouse models and high-throughput proteomics, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the proteome changes induced in response to seven interventions known to increase mouse lifespan. This included two genetic mutations, a growth hormone receptor knockout (GHRKO mice) and a mutation in the Pit-1 locus (Snell dwarf mice), four drug treatments (rapamycin, acarbose, canagliflozin, and 17α-estradiol), and caloric restriction. Each of the interventions studied induced variable changes in the concentrations of proteins across liver, kidney, and gastrocnemius muscle tissue samples, with the strongest responses in the liver and limited concordance in protein responses across tissues. To the extent that these interventions promote longevity through common biological mechanisms, we anticipated that proteins associated with longevity could be identified by characterizing shared responses across all or multiple interventions. Many of the proteome alterations induced by each intervention were distinct, potentially implicating a variety of biological pathways as being related to lifespan extension. While we found no protein that was affected similarly by every intervention, we identified a set of proteins that responded to multiple interventions. These proteins were functionally diverse but tended to be involved in peroxisomal oxidation and metabolism of fatty acids. These results provide candidate proteins and biological mechanisms related to enhancing longevity that can inform research on therapeutic approaches to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Burns
- Biostatistics & Design Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Jack Wiedrick
- Biostatistics & Design Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Alicia Feryn
- Biostatistics & Design Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michal Maes
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Charu Kapil
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jodi A Lapidus
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Eric S Orwoll
- Department of Endocrinology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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5
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Shi R, Ye J, Fan H, Hu X, Wu X, Wang D, Zhao B, Dai X, Liu X. Lactobacillus plantarum LLY-606 Supplementation Ameliorates the Cognitive Impairment of Natural Aging in Mice: The Potential Role of Gut Microbiota Homeostasis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4049-4062. [PMID: 38373323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
This work explored the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum LLY-606 (LLY-606) on cognitive function in aging mice. Our findings demonstrated that LLY-606 effectively prolonged the lifespan of mice and improved age-related cognitive impairments. Additionally, our study revealed that supplementation with LLY-606 resulted in the downregulation of inflammatory cytokine levels and the upregulation of antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, probiotic supplementation effectively mitigated the deterioration of the intestinal barrier function in aging mice. Amplicon analysis indicated the successful colonization of probiotics, facilitating the regulation of age-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis. Notably, the functional abundance prediction of microbiota indicated that tryptophan metabolism pathways, glutamatergic synapse pathways, propanoate metabolism pathways, and arginine and proline metabolism pathways were enriched after the LLY-606 intervention. In summary, LLY-606 emerged as a potential functional probiotic capable of influencing cognitive function in aging mice. This effect was achieved through the modulation of gut microbiota, the regulation of synaptic plasticity, and the enhancement of neurotrophic factor levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jin Ye
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hua Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xinyun Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaoning Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Danna Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Beita Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Dai
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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6
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Queen NJ, Huang W, Zou X, Mo X, Cao L. AAV-BDNF gene therapy ameliorates a hypothalamic neuroinflammatory signature in the Magel2-null model of Prader-Willi syndrome. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 31:101108. [PMID: 37766791 PMCID: PMC10520877 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) exhibit several metabolic and behavioral abnormalities associated with excessive food-seeking activity. PWS is thought to be driven in part by dysfunctional hypothalamic circuitry and blunted responses to peripheral signals of satiety. Previous work described a hypothalamic transcriptomic signature of individuals with PWS. Notably, PWS patients exhibited downregulation of genes involved in neuronal development and an upregulation of neuroinflammatory genes. Deficiencies of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor were identified as potential drivers of PWS phenotypes. Our group recently applied an adeno-associated viral (AAV)-BDNF gene therapy within a preclinical PWS model, Magel2-null mice, to improve metabolic and behavioral function. While this proof-of-concept project was promising, it remained unclear how AAV-BDNF was influencing the hypothalamic microenvironment and how its therapeutic effect was mediated. To investigate, we hypothalamically injected AAV-BDNF to wild type and Magel2-null mice and performed mRNA sequencing on hypothalamic tissue. Here, we report that (1) Magel2 deficiency is associated with neuroinflammation in the hypothalamus and (2) AAV-BDNF gene therapy reverses this neuroinflammation. These data newly reveal Magel2-null mice as a valid model of PWS-related neuroinflammation and furthermore suggest that AAV-BDNF may modulate obesity-related neuroinflammatory phenotypes through direct or indirect means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Queen
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xunchang Zou
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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7
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Li X, McPherson M, Hager M, Lee M, Chang P, Miller RA. Four anti-aging drugs and calorie-restricted diet produce parallel effects in fat, brain, muscle, macrophages, and plasma of young mice. GeroScience 2023; 45:2495-2510. [PMID: 36920743 PMCID: PMC10651632 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00770-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Average and maximal lifespan can be increased in mice, in one or both sexes, by four drugs: rapamycin, acarbose, 17a-estradiol, and canagliflozin. We show here that these four drugs, as well as a calorie-restricted diet, can induce a common set of changes in fat, macrophages, plasma, muscle, and brain when evaluated in young adults at 12 months of age. These shared traits include an increase in uncoupling protein UCP1 in brown fat and in subcutaneous and intra-abdominal white fat, a decline in proinflammatory M1 macrophages and corresponding increase in anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, an increase in muscle fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) and its cleavage product irisin, and higher levels of doublecortin (DCX) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in brain. Each of these proteins is thought to play a role in one or more age-related diseases, including metabolic, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases. We have previously shown that the same suite of changes is seen in each of four varieties of slow-aging single-gene mutant mice. We propose that these changes may be a part of a shared common pathway that is seen in slow-aging mice whether the delayed aging is due to a mutation, a low-calorie diet, or a drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinna Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, RoomAnn Arbor, MI, 316048109-2200, USA.
| | - Madaline McPherson
- College of Literature, Science, & the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Mary Hager
- College of Literature, Science, & the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Michael Lee
- College of Literature, Science, & the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Peter Chang
- College of Literature, Science, & the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, RoomAnn Arbor, MI, 316048109-2200, USA
- University of Michigan Geriatrics Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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8
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Sovrani V, Bobermin LD, Sesterheim P, Rezena E, Cioccari MS, Netto CA, Gonçalves CA, Leipnitz G, Quincozes-Santos A. Glioprotective effects of resveratrol in hypothalamic astrocyte cultures obtained from interferon receptor knockout (IFNα/βR -/-) mice. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2023:10.1007/s11626-023-00777-z. [PMID: 37353697 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00777-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes play essential roles in the central nervous system (CNS), such as the regulation of glutamate metabolism, antioxidant defenses, and inflammatory/immune responses. Moreover, hypothalamic astrocytes seem to be crucial in the modulation of inflammatory processes, including those related to type I interferon signaling. In this regard, the polyphenol resveratrol has emerged as an important glioprotective molecule to regulate astrocyte functions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory and protective effects of resveratrol in hypothalamic astrocyte cultures obtained from mouse depleted of type I interferon receptors (INF-α/β-/-), a condition that can impair immune and inflammatory functions. Resveratrol upregulated glutamate transporter and glutamine synthetase gene expression, as well as modulated the release of wide range of cytokines and genes involved in the control of inflammatory response, besides the expression of adenosine receptors, which display immunomodulatory functions. Resveratrol also increased genes associated with redox balance, mitochondrial processes, and trophic factors signaling. The putative genes associated with glioprotective effects of resveratrol, including nuclear factor erythroid derived 2 like 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, were further upregulated by resveratrol. Thus, our data show that resveratrol was able to modulate key genes associated with glial functionality and inflammatory response in astrocyte cultures derived from IFNα/βR-/- mice. These data are in agreement with previous results, reinforcing its glioprotective effects even in hypothalamic astrocytes with altered inflammatory and immune signaling. Finally, this polyphenol can prepare astrocytes to better respond to injuries, including those associated with neuroimmunology defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Sovrani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Daniele Bobermin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Sesterheim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Instituto de Cardiologia/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ester Rezena
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus Sinhorelli Cioccari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Netto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neurotoxicidade e Glioproteção (LABGLIO), Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neurotoxicidade e Glioproteção (LABGLIO), Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neurotoxicidade e Glioproteção (LABGLIO), Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Neurotoxicidade e Glioproteção (LABGLIO), Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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9
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Jayarathne H, Liu W, Sadagurski M. Repurposing Canagliflozin to target brain aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:2367-2368. [PMID: 36971696 PMCID: PMC10120889 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hashan Jayarathne
- Department of Biological Sciences, IBio (Integrative Biosciences Center), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, IBio (Integrative Biosciences Center), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Marianna Sadagurski
- Department of Biological Sciences, IBio (Integrative Biosciences Center), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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10
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Snyder JM, Casey KM, Galecki A, Harrison DE, Jayarathne H, Kumar N, Macchiarini F, Rosenthal N, Sadagurski M, Salmon AB, Strong R, Miller RA, Ladiges W. Canagliflozin retards age-related lesions in heart, kidney, liver, and adrenal gland in genetically heterogenous male mice. GeroScience 2023; 45:385-397. [PMID: 35974129 PMCID: PMC9886729 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00641-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Canagliflozin (Cana), a clinically important anti-diabetes drug, leads to a 14% increase in median lifespan and a 9% increase in the 90th percentile age when given to genetically heterogeneous male mice from 7 months of age, but does not increase lifespan in female mice. A histopathological study was conducted on 22-month-old mice to see if Cana retarded diverse forms of age-dependent pathology. This agent was found to diminish incidence or severity, in male mice only, of cardiomyopathy, glomerulonephropathy, arteriosclerosis, hepatic microvesicular cytoplasmic vacuolation (lipidosis), and adrenal cortical neoplasms. Protection against atrophy of the exocrine pancreas was seen in both males and females. Thus, the extension of lifespan in Cana-treated male mice, which is likely to reflect host- or tumor-mediated delay in lethal neoplasms, is accompanied by parallel retardation of lesions, in multiple tissues, that seldom if ever lead to death in these mice. Canagliflozin thus can be considered a drug that acts to slow the aging process and should be evaluated for potential protective effects against many other late-life conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Snyder
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- University of Washington Health Sciences Center, I-446 Box 357350, WA, 98195, Seattle, USA.
| | - Kerriann M Casey
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, CA, Stanford, USA
| | - Andrzej Galecki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Hashan Jayarathne
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, MI, Detroit, USA
| | - Navasuja Kumar
- Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Nadia Rosenthal
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | - Adam B Salmon
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center and Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Randy Strong
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center and Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Richard A Miller
- Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Warren Ladiges
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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11
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Growth hormone receptor (GHR) in AgRP neurons regulates thermogenesis in a sex-specific manner. GeroScience 2023:10.1007/s11357-023-00726-4. [PMID: 36633824 PMCID: PMC10400518 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence for hypothalamic regulation of energy homeostasis and thermoregulation in brown adipose tissue (BAT) during aging has been well recognized, yet the central molecular mediators involved in this process are poorly understood. The arcuate hypothalamus, orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons control nutrient intake, energy homeostasis, and BAT thermogenesis. To determine the roles of growth hormone receptor (GHR) signaling in the AgRP neurons, we used mice with the AgRP-specific GHR deletion (AgRPΔGHR). We found that female AgRPΔGHR mice were resistant to temperature adaptation, and their body core temperature remained significantly lower when held at 10 °C, 22 °C, or 30 °C, compared to control mice. Low body core temperature in female AgRPΔGHR mice has been associated with significant reductions in Ucp1 and Pgc1α expression in the BAT. Further, neuronal activity in AgRP in response to cold exposure was blunted in AgRPΔGHR female mice, while the number of Fos+ AgRP neurons was increased in female controls exposed to cold. Global transcriptome from BAT identified increased the expression of genes related to immune responses and chemokine activity and decreased the expression of genes involved in triglyceride synthesis and metabolic pathways in AgRPΔGHR female mice. Importantly, these were the same genes that are downregulated by thermoneutrality in control mice but not in the AgRPΔGHR animals. Collectively, these data demonstrate a novel sex-specific role for GHR signaling in AgRP neurons in thermal regulation, which might be particularly relevant during aging.
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12
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Estrogen as a key regulator of energy homeostasis and metabolic health. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113808. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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13
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Trends in Gliosis in Obesity, and the Role of Antioxidants as a Therapeutic Alternative. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101972. [PMID: 36290695 PMCID: PMC9598641 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity remains a global health problem. Chronic low-grade inflammation in this pathology has been related to comorbidities such as cognitive alterations that, in the long term, can lead to neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation or gliosis in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus has been related to the effect of adipokines, high lipid levels and glucose, which increase the production of free radicals. Cerebral gliosis can be a risk factor for developing neurodegenerative diseases, and antioxidants could be an alternative for the prevention and treatment of neural comorbidities in obese patients. AIM Identify the immunological and oxidative stress mechanisms that produce gliosis in patients with obesity and propose antioxidants as an alternative to reducing neuroinflammation. METHOD Advanced searches were performed in scientific databases: PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCO, and the Science Citation index for research on the physiopathology of gliosis in obese patients and for the possible role of antioxidants in its management. CONCLUSION Patients with obesity can develop neuroinflammation, conditioned by various adipokines, excess lipids and glucose, which results in an increase in free radicals that must be neutralized with antioxidants to reduce gliosis and the risk of long-term neurodegeneration.
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14
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Sleiman MB, Roy S, Gao AW, Sadler MC, von Alvensleben GVG, Li H, Sen S, Harrison DE, Nelson JF, Strong R, Miller RA, Kutalik Z, Williams RW, Auwerx J. Sex- and age-dependent genetics of longevity in a heterogeneous mouse population. Science 2022; 377:eabo3191. [PMID: 36173858 PMCID: PMC9905652 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo3191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
DNA variants that modulate life span provide insight into determinants of health, disease, and aging. Through analyses in the UM-HET3 mice of the Interventions Testing Program (ITP), we detected a sex-independent quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 12 and identified sex-specific QTLs, some of which we detected only in older mice. Similar relations between life history and longevity were uncovered in mice and humans, underscoring the importance of early access to nutrients and early growth. We identified common age- and sex-specific genetic effects on gene expression that we integrated with model organism and human data to create a hypothesis-building interactive resource of prioritized longevity and body weight genes. Finally, we validated Hipk1, Ddost, Hspg2, Fgd6, and Pdk1 as conserved longevity genes using Caenorhabditis elegans life-span experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroun Bou Sleiman
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Suheeta Roy
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Arwen W. Gao
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Marie C. Sadler
- Institute of Primary Care and Public Health (Unisante), University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo V. G. von Alvensleben
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Hao Li
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Saunak Sen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | | | - James F. Nelson
- Barshop Center for Longevity Studies at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Randy Strong
- Barshop Center for Longevity Studies at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Richard A. Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Geriatrics Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Zoltán Kutalik
- Institute of Primary Care and Public Health (Unisante), University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Robert W. Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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15
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Butler T, Glodzik L, Wang XH, Xi K, Li Y, Pan H, Zhou L, Chiang GCY, Morim S, Wickramasuriya N, Tanzi E, Maloney T, Harvey P, Mao X, Razlighi QR, Rusinek H, Shungu DC, de Leon M, Atwood CS, Mozley PD. Positron Emission Tomography reveals age-associated hypothalamic microglial activation in women. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13351. [PMID: 35922659 PMCID: PMC9349172 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In rodents, hypothalamic inflammation plays a critical role in aging and age-related diseases. Hypothalamic inflammation has not previously been assessed in vivo in humans. We used Positron Emission Tomography (PET) with a radiotracer sensitive to the translocator protein (TSPO) expressed by activated microglia, to assess correlations between age and regional brain TSPO in a group of healthy subjects (n = 43, 19 female, aged 23-78), focusing on hypothalamus. We found robust age-correlated TSPO expression in thalamus but not hypothalamus in the combined group of women and men. This pattern differs from what has been described in rodents. Prominent age-correlated TSPO expression in thalamus in humans, but in hypothalamus in rodents, could reflect evolutionary changes in size and function of thalamus versus hypothalamus, and may be relevant to the appropriateness of using rodents to model human aging. When examining TSPO PET results in women and men separately, we found that only women showed age-correlated hypothalamic TSPO expression. We suggest this novel result is relevant to understanding a stark sex difference in human aging: that only women undergo loss of fertility-menopause-at mid-life. Our finding of age-correlated hypothalamic inflammation in women could have implications for understanding and perhaps altering reproductive aging in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Butler
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 405 E 61st St, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Lidia Glodzik
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 405 E 61st St, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Xiuyuan Hugh Wang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 405 E 61st St, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ke Xi
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 405 E 61st St, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 405 E 61st St, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Hong Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Liangdong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 405 E 61st St, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Simon Morim
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Nimmi Wickramasuriya
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 405 E 61st St, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Emily Tanzi
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 405 E 61st St, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Thomas Maloney
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 405 E 61st St, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Patrick Harvey
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 405 E 61st St, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Xiangling Mao
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Qolamreza Ray Razlighi
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 405 E 61st St, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Henry Rusinek
- Department of Radiology, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Dikoma C Shungu
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Mony de Leon
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 405 E 61st St, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Craig S Atwood
- Department of Gerontology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, USA
| | - P David Mozley
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
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16
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Aleksic S, Desai D, Ye K, Duran S, Gao T, Crandall J, Atzmon G, Barzilai N, Milman S. Integrity of hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in exceptional longevity. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13656. [PMID: 35770332 PMCID: PMC9381897 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic integrity increasingly is being recognized as a marker of healthy longevity in rodent models. Insight into hypothalamic function in humans with exceptional longevity can be gained via investigation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis in men with exceptional longevity. This study aimed to characterize the HPT axis function, defined by levels of testosterone (T) and luteinizing hormone (LH), in 84 Ashkenazi Jewish men aged 90-106 years. We found that 94% of men exhibited preserved hypothalamic-pituitary function, as evidenced by either normal testosterone and LH levels (25%) or an appropriate rise in LH in response to aging-related primary testicular dysfunction (69%), a hormone pattern mirroring female menopause. Total T level was not associated with metabolic parameters or survival. These results demonstrate a high prevalence of testicular dysfunction with preserved hypothalamic-pituitary function in men with exceptional longevity. Thus, the role of hypothalamic integrity and HPT axis in healthy aging warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Aleksic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Institute for Aging ResearchAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Dimpi Desai
- Department of Medicine, Division of EndocrinologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Kenny Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health (Biostatistics)Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
- Department of Systems & Computational BiologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Sally Duran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Institute for Aging ResearchAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Tina Gao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Institute for Aging ResearchAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Jill Crandall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Institute for Aging ResearchAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Institute for Aging ResearchAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
- Department of GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
- Department of Natural ScienceUniversity of HaifaHaifaIsrael
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Institute for Aging ResearchAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
- Department of GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Sofiya Milman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Institute for Aging ResearchAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
- Department of GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
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17
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Jayarathne HSM, Debarba LK, Jaboro JJ, Ginsburg BC, Miller RA, Sadagurski M. Neuroprotective effects of Canagliflozin: Lessons from aged genetically diverse UM-HET3 mice. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13653. [PMID: 35707855 PMCID: PMC9282842 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging brain is characterized by progressive increases in neuroinflammation and central insulin resistance, which contribute to neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive impairment. Recently, the Interventions Testing Program demonstrated that the anti-diabetes drug, Canagliflozin (Cana), a sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor, led to lower fasting glucose and improved glucose tolerance in both sexes, but extended median lifespan by 14% in male mice only. Here, we show that Cana treatment significantly improved central insulin sensitivity in the hypothalamus and the hippocampus of 30-month-old male mice. Aged males produce more robust neuroimmune responses than aged females. Remarkably, Cana-treated male and female mice showed significant reductions in age-associated hypothalamic gliosis with a decrease in inflammatory cytokine production by microglia. However, in the hippocampus, Cana reduced microgliosis and astrogliosis in males, but not in female mice. The decrease in microgliosis was partially correlated with reduced phosphorylation of S6 kinase in microglia of Cana-treated aged male, but not female mice. Thus, Cana treatment improved insulin responsiveness in aged male mice. Furthermore, Cana treatment improved exploratory and locomotor activity of 30-month-old male but not female mice. Taken together, we demonstrate the sex-specific neuroprotective effects of Cana treatment, suggesting its application for the potential treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashan S. M. Jayarathne
- Department of Biological Sciences, IBio (Integrative Biosciences Center)Wayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Lucas K. Debarba
- Department of Biological Sciences, IBio (Integrative Biosciences Center)Wayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Jacob J. Jaboro
- Department of Biological Sciences, IBio (Integrative Biosciences Center)Wayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Brett C. Ginsburg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Richard A. Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics CenterUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Marianna Sadagurski
- Department of Biological Sciences, IBio (Integrative Biosciences Center)Wayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
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18
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Liu T, Xu Y, Yi CX, Tong Q, Cai D. The hypothalamus for whole-body physiology: from metabolism to aging. Protein Cell 2022; 13:394-421. [PMID: 33826123 PMCID: PMC9095790 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-021-00834-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and aging are two important epidemic factors for metabolic syndrome and many other health issues, which contribute to devastating diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, stroke and cancers. The brain plays a central role in controlling metabolic physiology in that it integrates information from other metabolic organs, sends regulatory projections and orchestrates the whole-body function. Emerging studies suggest that brain dysfunction in sensing various internal cues or processing external cues may have profound effects on metabolic and other physiological functions. This review highlights brain dysfunction linked to genetic mutations, sex, brain inflammation, microbiota, stress as causes for whole-body pathophysiology, arguing brain dysfunction as a root cause for the epidemic of aging and obesity-related disorders. We also speculate key issues that need to be addressed on how to reveal relevant brain dysfunction that underlines the development of these disorders and diseases in order to develop new treatment strategies against these health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiemin Liu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Human Phenome Institute, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Yong Xu
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XChildren’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Qingchun Tong
- grid.453726.10000 0004 5906 7293Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Graduate Program in Neuroscience of MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Dongsheng Cai
- grid.251993.50000000121791997Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461 USA
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19
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Liu JK. Antiaging agents: safe interventions to slow aging and healthy life span extension. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2022; 12:18. [PMID: 35534591 PMCID: PMC9086005 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00339-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Human longevity has increased dramatically during the past century. More than 20% of the 9 billion population of the world will exceed the age of 60 in 2050. Since the last three decades, some interventions and many preclinical studies have been found to show slowing aging and increasing the healthy lifespan of organisms from yeast, flies, rodents to nonhuman primates. The interventions are classified into two groups: lifestyle modifications and pharmacological/genetic manipulations. Some genetic pathways have been characterized to have a specific role in controlling aging and lifespan. Thus, all genes in the pathways are potential antiaging targets. Currently, many antiaging compounds target the calorie-restriction mimetic, autophagy induction, and putative enhancement of cell regeneration, epigenetic modulation of gene activity such as inhibition of histone deacetylases and DNA methyltransferases, are under development. It appears evident that the exploration of new targets for these antiaging agents based on biogerontological research provides an incredible opportunity for the healthcare and pharmaceutical industries. The present review focus on the properties of slow aging and healthy life span extension of natural products from various biological resources, endogenous substances, drugs, and synthetic compounds, as well as the mechanisms of targets for antiaging evaluation. These bioactive compounds that could benefit healthy aging and the potential role of life span extension are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Kai Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Folick A, Cheang RT, Valdearcos M, Koliwad SK. Metabolic factors in the regulation of hypothalamic innate immune responses in obesity. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:393-402. [PMID: 35474339 PMCID: PMC9076660 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00666-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus is a central regulator of body weight and energy homeostasis. There is increasing evidence that innate immune activation in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) is a key element in the pathogenesis of diet-induced obesity. Microglia, the resident immune cells in the brain parenchyma, have been shown to play roles in diverse aspects of brain function, including circuit refinement and synaptic pruning. As such, microglia have also been implicated in the development and progression of neurological diseases. Microglia express receptors for and are responsive to a wide variety of nutritional, hormonal, and immunological signals that modulate their distinct functions across different brain regions. We showed that microglia within the MBH sense and respond to a high-fat diet and regulate the function of hypothalamic neurons to promote food intake and obesity. Neurons, glia, and immune cells within the MBH are positioned to sense and respond to circulating signals that regulate their capacity to coordinate aspects of systemic energy metabolism. Here, we review the current knowledge of how these peripheral signals modulate the innate immune response in the MBH and enable microglia to regulate metabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Folick
- Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachel T Cheang
- Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Martin Valdearcos
- Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Suneil K Koliwad
- Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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21
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Lynch MA. Exploring Sex-Related Differences in Microglia May Be a Game-Changer in Precision Medicine. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:868448. [PMID: 35431903 PMCID: PMC9009390 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.868448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One area of microglial biology that has been relatively neglected until recently is sex differences and this is in spite of the fact that sex is a risk factor in several diseases that are characterized by neuroinflammation and, by extension, microglial activation. Why these sex differences exist is not known but the panoply of differences extend to microglial number, genotype and phenotype. Significantly, several of these sex-related differences are also evident in health and change during life emphasizing the dynamic and plastic nature of microglia. This review will consider how age impacts on sex-related differences in microglia and ask whether the advancement of personalized medicine demands that a greater focus is placed on studying sex-related differences in microglia in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and models of inflammatory stress and trauma in order to make true progress in dealing with these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A. Lynch
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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22
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Das J, Mahammad FS, Krishnamurthy RG. An integrated chemo-informatics and in vitro experimental approach repurposes acarbose as a post-ischemic neuro-protectant. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:71. [PMID: 35223357 PMCID: PMC8847516 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of ischemic stroke combined with limited therapeutic options highlights the compelling need for continued research into the development of future neuro-therapeutics. Death-Associated Protein Kinase 1 (DAPK1) and p53 protein-protein interaction serve as a signaling point for the convergence of apoptosis and necrosis in cerebral ischemia. In this study, we used an integrated chemo-informatics and in vitro experimental drug repurposing strategy to screen potential small-molecule inhibitors of DAPK1-p53 interaction from the United States of America Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drug database exhibiting post-ischemic neuroprotective and neuro-regenerative efficacy and mechanisms. The computational docking and molecular dynamics simulation of FDA-approved drugs followed by an in vitro experimental validation identified acarbose, an anti-diabetic medication and caloric restriction mimetic as a potential inhibitor of DAPK1-p53 interaction. The evaluation of post-ischemic neuroprotective and regenerative efficacy and mechanisms of action for acarbose was carried out using a set of experimental methods, including cell viability, proliferation and differentiation assays, fluorescence staining, and gene expression analysis. Post-ischemic administration of acarbose conferred significant neuroprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury in vitro. The reduced fluorescence emission in cells stained with pS20 supported the potential of acarbose in inhibiting the DAPK1-p53 interaction. Acarbose prevented mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction, and favorably modulated gene expression related to cell survival, inflammation, and regeneration. BrdU staining and neurite outgrowth assay showed a significant increase in cell proliferation and differentiation in acarbose-treated group. This is the first study known to provide mechanistic insight into the post-ischemic neuroprotective and neuro-regenerative potential of acarbose. Our results provide a strong basis for preclinical studies to evaluate the safety and neuroprotective efficacy of acarbose against ischemic stroke. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03130-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirekha Das
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala 673601 India
| | - Fayaz Shaik Mahammad
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
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Wink L, Miller RA, Garcia GG. Rapamycin, Acarbose and 17α-estradiol share common mechanisms regulating the MAPK pathways involved in intracellular signaling and inflammation. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:8. [PMID: 35105357 PMCID: PMC8805398 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapamycin (Rapa), acarbose (ACA), and 17α-estradiol (17aE2, males only) have health benefits that increase lifespan of mice. Little is known about how these three agents alter the network of pathways downstream of insulin/IGF1 signals as well as inflammatory/stress responses. RESULTS ACA, Rapa, and 17aE2 (in males, but not in females) oppose age-related increases in the MEK1- ERK1/2-MNK1/2 cascade, and thus reduce phosphorylation of eIF4E, a key component of cap-dependent translation. In parallel, these treatments (in both sexes) reduce age-related increases in the MEK3-p38MAPK-MK2 pathway, to decrease levels of the acute phase response proteins involved in inflammation. CONCLUSION Each of three drugs converges on the regulation of both the ERK1/2 signaling pathway and the p38-MAPK pathway. The changes induced by treatments in ERK1/2 signaling are seen in both sexes, but the 17aE2 effects are male-specific, consistent with the effects on lifespan. However, the inhibition of age-dependent p38MAPK pathways and acute phase responses is triggered in both sexes by all three drugs, suggesting new approaches to prevention or reversal of age-related inflammatory changes in a clinical setting independent of lifespan effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Wink
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan College of Literature Science and The Arts, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Richard A. Miller
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370University of Michigan Geriatrics Center, Room 3005 BSRB, Box 2200, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200 USA
| | - Gonzalo G. Garcia
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, USA
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24
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Wu B, Yan J, Yang J, Xia Y, Li D, Zhang F, Cao H. Extension of the Life Span by Acarbose: Is It Mediated by the Gut Microbiota? Aging Dis 2022; 13:1005-1014. [PMID: 35855337 PMCID: PMC9286917 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acarbose can extend the life span of mice through a process involving the gut microbiota. Several factors affect the life span, including mitochondrial function, cellular senescence, telomere length, immune function, and expression of longevity-related genes. In this review, the effects of acarbose-regulated gut microbiota on the life span-influencing factors have been discussed. In addition, a novel theoretical basis for improving our understanding of the mechanisms by which acarbose extends the life span of mice has been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyun Wu
- Nutritional Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Jiai Yan
- Nutritional Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
- Clinical Assessment Center of Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Ju Yang
- Nutritional Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
- Clinical Assessment Center of Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Yanping Xia
- Nutritional Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
- Clinical Assessment Center of Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Dan Li
- Nutritional Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
- Clinical Assessment Center of Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Nutritional Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
- Clinical Assessment Center of Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Hong Cao, () and Dr. Feng Zhang (), Nutritional Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Nutritional Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
- Clinical Assessment Center of Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Hong Cao, () and Dr. Feng Zhang (), Nutritional Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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25
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Bhusal A, Rahman MH, Suk K. Hypothalamic inflammation in metabolic disorders and aging. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:32. [PMID: 34910246 PMCID: PMC11071926 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus is a critical brain region for the regulation of energy homeostasis. Over the years, studies on energy metabolism primarily focused on the neuronal component of the hypothalamus. Studies have recently uncovered the vital role of glial cells as an additional player in energy balance regulation. However, their inflammatory activation under metabolic stress condition contributes to various metabolic diseases. The recruitment of monocytes and macrophages in the hypothalamus helps sustain such inflammation and worsens the disease state. Neurons were found to actively participate in hypothalamic inflammatory response by transmitting signals to the surrounding non-neuronal cells. This activation of different cell types in the hypothalamus leads to chronic, low-grade inflammation, impairing energy balance and contributing to defective feeding habits, thermogenesis, and insulin and leptin signaling, eventually leading to metabolic disorders (i.e., diabetes, obesity, and hypertension). The hypothalamus is also responsible for the causation of systemic aging under metabolic stress. A better understanding of the multiple factors contributing to hypothalamic inflammation, the role of the different hypothalamic cells, and their crosstalks may help identify new therapeutic targets. In this review, we focus on the role of glial cells in establishing a cause-effect relationship between hypothalamic inflammation and the development of metabolic diseases. We also cover the role of other cell types and discuss the possibilities and challenges of targeting hypothalamic inflammation as a valid therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Bhusal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
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A collective analysis of lifespan-extending compounds in diverse model organisms, and of species whose lifespan can be extended the most by the application of compounds. Biogerontology 2021; 22:639-653. [PMID: 34687363 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-021-09941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Research on aging and lifespan-extending compounds has been carried out using diverse model organisms, including yeast, worms, flies and mice. Many studies reported the identification of novel lifespan-extending compounds in different species, some of which may have the potential to translate to the clinic. However, studies collectively and comparatively analyzing all the data available in these studies are highly limited. Here, by using data from the DrugAge database, we first identified top compounds in terms of their effects on percent change in average lifespan of diverse organisms, collectively (n = 1728). We found that, when data from all organisms studied were combined for each compound, aspirin resulted in the highest percent increase in average lifespan (52.01%), followed by minocycline (27.30%), N-acetyl cysteine (17.93%), nordihydroguaiaretic acid (17.65%) and rapamycin (15.66%), in average. We showed that minocycline led to the highest percent increase in average lifespan among other compounds, in both Drosophila melanogaster (28.09%) and Caenorhabditis elegans (26.67%), followed by curcumin (11.29%) and gluconic acid (5.51%) for D. melanogaster and by metformin (26.56%), resveratrol (15.82%) and quercetin (9.58%) for C. elegans. Moreover, we found that top 5 species whose lifespan can be extended the most by compounds with lifespan-extending properties are Philodina acuticornis, Acheta domesticus, Aeolosoma viride, Mytilina brevispina and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (211.80%, 76%, 70.26%, 55.18% and 45.71% in average, respectively). This study provides novel insights on lifespan extension in model organisms, and highlights the importance of databases with high quality content curated by researchers from multiple resources, in aging research.
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27
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Debarba LK, Jayarathne HSM, Miller RA, Garratt M, Sadagurski M. 17-a-estradiol has sex-specific effects on neuroinflammation that are partly reversed by gonadectomy. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:66-74. [PMID: 34309657 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
17-α-estradiol (17aE2) treatment from 4-months of age extends lifespan in male mice and can reduce neuroinflammatory responses in the hypothalamus of 12-month-old males. Although 17aE2 improves longevity in males, female mice are unaffected, suggesting a sexually dimorphic pattern of lifespan regulation. We tested whether the sex-specific effects of 17aE2 on neuroinflammatory responses are affected by gonadal removal and whether hypothalamic changes extend to other brain regions in old age. We show that sex-specific effects of 17aE2 on age-associated gliosis are brain region-specific and are partially dependent on gonadectomy. 17aE2 treatment started at 4 months of age protected 25-month-old males from hypothalamic inflammation. Castration before 17aE2 exposure reduced the effect of 17aE2 on hypothalamic astrogliosis in males. By contrast, sex-specific inhibition of microgliosis generated by 17aE2 was not significantly affected by castration. In the hippocampus, gonadectomy influenced the severity of gliosis and the responsiveness to 17aE2 in a region-dependent manner. The male-specific effects of 17aE2 correlate with increases in hypothalamic ERα expression, specifically in gonadally intact males, consistent with the idea that 17aE2 might act through this receptor. Our results indicate that neuroinflammatory responses to 17aE2 are partially controlled by the presence of sex-specific gonads. Loss of gonadal function and age-associated neuroinflammation could, therefore, influence late-life health and disease onset, leading to sexual dimorphism in both aging and in response to drugs that modify the pace of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas K Debarba
- Department of Biological Sciences, IBio (Integrative Biosciences Center), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, MI
| | - Hashan S M Jayarathne
- Department of Biological Sciences, IBio (Integrative Biosciences Center), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, MI
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Michael Garratt
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, NZ
| | - Marianna Sadagurski
- Department of Biological Sciences, IBio (Integrative Biosciences Center), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, MI
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28
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Shen Z, Hinson A, Miller RA, Garcia GG. Cap-independent translation: A shared mechanism for lifespan extension by rapamycin, acarbose, and 17α-estradiol. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13345. [PMID: 33742521 PMCID: PMC8135077 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that rapamycin (Rapa), acarbose (ACA), which both increase mouse lifespan, and 17α-estradiol, which increases lifespan in males (17aE2) all share common intracellular signaling pathways with long-lived Snell dwarf, PAPPA-KO, and Ghr-/- mice. The long-lived mutant mice exhibit reduction in mTORC1 activity, declines in cap-dependent mRNA translation, and increases in cap-independent translation (CIT). Here, we report that Rapa and ACA prevent age-related declines in CIT target proteins in both sexes, while 17aE2 has the same effect only in males, suggesting increases in CIT. mTORC1 activity showed the reciprocal pattern, with age-related increases blocked by Rapa, ACA, and 17aE2 (in males only). METTL3, required for addition of 6-methyl-adenosine to mRNA and thus a trigger for CIT, also showed an age-dependent increase blunted by Rapa, ACA, and 17aE2 (in males). Diminution of mTORC1 activity and increases in CIT-dependent proteins may represent a shared pathway for both long-lived-mutant mice and drug-induced lifespan extension in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Shen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental BiologyUniversity of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the ArtsAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Abby Hinson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental BiologyUniversity of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the ArtsAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Richard A. Miller
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Michigan School of MedicineAnn ArborMichiganUSA,University of Michigan Geriatrics CenterAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Gonzalo G. Garcia
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Michigan School of MedicineAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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29
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Acetyl-CoA Metabolism and Histone Acetylation in the Regulation of Aging and Lifespan. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040572. [PMID: 33917812 PMCID: PMC8068152 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA is a metabolite at the crossroads of central metabolism and the substrate of histone acetyltransferases regulating gene expression. In many tissues fasting or lifespan extending calorie restriction (CR) decreases glucose-derived metabolic flux through ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) to reduce cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA levels to decrease activity of the p300 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) stimulating pro-longevity autophagy. Because of this, compounds that decrease cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA have been described as CR mimetics. But few authors have highlighted the potential longevity promoting roles of nuclear acetyl-CoA. For example, increasing nuclear acetyl-CoA levels increases histone acetylation and administration of class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors increases longevity through increased histone acetylation. Therefore, increased nuclear acetyl-CoA likely plays an important role in promoting longevity. Although cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) promotes aging by decreasing autophagy in some peripheral tissues, increased glial AMPK activity or neuronal differentiation can stimulate ACSS2 nuclear translocation and chromatin association. ACSS2 nuclear translocation can result in increased activity of CREB binding protein (CBP), p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), and other HATs to increase histone acetylation on the promoter of neuroprotective genes including transcription factor EB (TFEB) target genes resulting in increased lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. Much of what is known regarding acetyl-CoA metabolism and aging has come from pioneering studies with yeast, fruit flies, and nematodes. These studies have identified evolutionary conserved roles for histone acetylation in promoting longevity. Future studies should focus on the role of nuclear acetyl-CoA and histone acetylation in the control of hypothalamic inflammation, an important driver of organismal aging.
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30
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Kim JH, Lee J, Jeong H, Bang MS, Jeong JH, Chang M. Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid as a Novel Substrate and Inhibitor of Catechol O-Methyltransferase Modulates 4-Hydroxyestradiol-Induced Cyto- and Genotoxicity in MCF-7 Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072060. [PMID: 33916785 PMCID: PMC8038350 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a major lignan metabolite found in Larrea spp., which are widely used in South America to treat various diseases. In breast tissue, estradiol is metabolized to the catechol estrogens such as 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE2), which have been proposed to be cancer initiators potentially involved in mammary carcinogenesis. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) catalyzes the O-methylation of catechol estrogens to their less toxic methoxy derivatives, such as 4-O-methylestradiol (4-MeOE2). The present study investigated the novel biological activities of NDGA in relation to COMT and the effects of COMT inhibition by NDGA on 4-OHE2-induced cyto- and genotoxicity in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Two methoxylated metabolites of NDGA, 3-O-methylNDGA (3-MNDGA) and 4-O-methyl NDGA (4-MNDGA), were identified in the reaction mixture containing human recombinant COMT, NDGA, and cofactors. Km values for the COMT-catalyzed metabolism of NDGA were 2.6 µM and 2.2 µM for 3-MNDGA and 4-MNDGA, respectively. The COMT-catalyzed methylation of 4-OHE2 was inhibited by NDGA at an IC50 of 22.4 µM in a mixed-type mode of inhibition by double reciprocal plot analysis. Molecular docking studies predicted that NDGA would adopt a stable conformation at the COMT active site, mainly owing to the hydrogen bond network. NDGA is likely both a substrate for and an inhibitor of COMT. Comet and apurinic/apyrimidinic site quantitation assays, cell death, and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells showed that NDGA decreased COMT-mediated formation of 4-MeOE2 and increased 4-OHE2-induced DNA damage and cytotoxicity. Thus, NDGA has the potential to reduce COMT activity in mammary tissues and prevent the inactivation of mutagenic estradiol metabolites, thereby increasing catechol estrogen-induced genotoxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hee Kim
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Jimin Lee
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (J.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Hyesoo Jeong
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (J.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Mi Seo Bang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea;
| | - Jin-Hyun Jeong
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Minsun Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea;
- Research Institute for Asian Women, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04309, Korea
- Research Institute for Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2077-7626
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Abstract
One of the best strategies for healthy brain aging is regular aerobic exercise. Commonly studied "anti-aging" compounds may mimic some effects of exercise on the brain, but novel approaches that target energy-sensing pathways similar to exercise probably will be more effective in this context. We review evidence in support of this hypothesis by focusing on biological hallmarks of brain aging.
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Trajano GS, Blazevich AJ. Static Stretching Reduces Motoneuron Excitability: The Potential Role of Neuromodulation. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2021; 49:126-132. [PMID: 33720914 PMCID: PMC7967995 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged static muscle stretching transiently reduces maximal muscle force, and this force loss has a strong neural component. In this review, we discuss the evidence suggesting that stretching reduces the motoneuron's ability to amplify excitatory drive. We propose a hypothetical model in which stretching causes physiological relaxation, reducing the brainstem-derived neuromodulatory drive necessary to maximize motoneuron discharge rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel S Trajano
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane
| | - Anthony J Blazevich
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
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33
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Bartke A, Hascup E, Hascup K, Masternak MM. Growth Hormone and Aging: New Findings. World J Mens Health 2021; 39:454-465. [PMID: 33663025 PMCID: PMC8255405 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.200201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex relationships between growth hormone (GH) signaling and mammalian aging continue to attract attention of many investigators. Recent results include evidence that the impact of GH on genome maintenance (DNA damage and repair) is drastically different in normal as compared to cancer cells, consistent with GH promoting aging and cancer progression. Impact of GH on DNA methylation was studied as a possible mechanism linking actions of GH during early life to the trajectory of aging. Animals with reduced or enhanced GH signaling and novel animals with adipocyte-specific deletion of GH receptors were used to elucidate the effects of GH on white and brown adipose tissue, including the impact of this hormone on lipolysis, fibrosis, and thermogenesis. Effects of GH on adipose tissue related to lipid and energy metabolism emerge as mechanistic links between GH, healthspan, and lifespan. Treatment of healthy men with a combination of GH, dehydroepiandrosterone, and metformin was reported to restore thymus function and reduce epigenetic age. Studies of human subjects with deficiency of GH or GH receptors and studies of mice with the same endocrine syndromes identified several phenotypic changes related (positively or negatively) to the previously reported predisposition to healthy aging. Results of these and other recent studies advance present understanding of the mechanisms by which GH influences aging and longevity and of the trade-offs involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA.
| | - Erin Hascup
- Department of Neurology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Kevin Hascup
- Department of Neurology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Michal M Masternak
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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Barlampa D, Bompoula MS, Bargiota A, Kalantaridou S, Mastorakos G, Valsamakis G. Hypothalamic Inflammation as a Potential Pathophysiologic Basis for the Heterogeneity of Clinical, Hormonal, and Metabolic Presentation in PCOS. Nutrients 2021; 13:520. [PMID: 33562540 PMCID: PMC7915850 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. It is a heterogeneous condition characterized by reproductive, endocrine, metabolic, and psychiatric abnormalities. More than one pathogenic mechanism is involved in its development. On the other hand, the hypothalamus plays a crucial role in many important functions of the body, including weight balance, food intake, and reproduction. A high-fat diet with a large amount of long-chain saturated fatty acids can induce inflammation in the hypothalamus. Hypothalamic neurons can sense extracellular glucose concentrations and participate, with a feedback mechanism, in the regulation of whole-body glucose homeostasis. When consumed nutrients are rich in fat and sugar, and these regulatory mechanisms can trigger inflammatory pathways resulting in hypothalamic inflammation. The latter has been correlated with metabolic diseases, obesity, and depression. In this review, we explore whether the pattern and the expansion of hypothalamic inflammation, as a result of a high-fat and -sugar diet, may contribute to the heterogeneity of the clinical, hormonal, and metabolic presentation in PCOS via pathophysiologic mechanisms affecting specific areas of the hypothalamus. These mechanisms could be potential targets for the development of effective therapies for the treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danai Barlampa
- Unit of Endocrinology, Aretaieion University Hospital, Medical School of Athens, Ethnikon and Kapodistriakon University of Athens, Athens, Vasilisis Sofia Avenue 76, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (D.B.); (G.V.)
| | - Maria Sotiria Bompoula
- Reproductive Endocrinology Unit, 3nd University Department of Obs & Gynae, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School of Athens, Ethnikon and Kapodistriakon University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (M.S.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Alexandra Bargiota
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, University Hospital of Larissa, Medical School of Larissa, University of Thessaly, 41334 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Sophia Kalantaridou
- Reproductive Endocrinology Unit, 3nd University Department of Obs & Gynae, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School of Athens, Ethnikon and Kapodistriakon University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (M.S.B.); (S.K.)
| | - George Mastorakos
- Unit of Endocrinology, Aretaieion University Hospital, Medical School of Athens, Ethnikon and Kapodistriakon University of Athens, Athens, Vasilisis Sofia Avenue 76, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (D.B.); (G.V.)
| | - Georgios Valsamakis
- Unit of Endocrinology, Aretaieion University Hospital, Medical School of Athens, Ethnikon and Kapodistriakon University of Athens, Athens, Vasilisis Sofia Avenue 76, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (D.B.); (G.V.)
- Reproductive Endocrinology Unit, 3nd University Department of Obs & Gynae, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School of Athens, Ethnikon and Kapodistriakon University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (M.S.B.); (S.K.)
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, University Hospital of Larissa, Medical School of Larissa, University of Thessaly, 41334 Larissa, Greece;
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Abstract
Over the past decade, hypothalamic microinflammation has been studied and appreciated as a core mechanism involved in the advancement of metabolic syndrome and aging. Accumulating evidence suggests that atypical microinflammatory insults disturb hypothalamic regulation resulting in metabolic imbalance and aging progression, establishing a common causality for these two pathophysiologic statuses. Studies have causally linked these changes to activation of key proinflammatory pathways, especially NF-κB signaling within the hypothalamus, which leads to hypothalamic neuronal dysregulation, astrogliosis, microgliosis, and loss of adult hypothalamic neural stem/progenitor cells. While hypothalamic microinflammation is a complex, multifaceted process, initial work has been done to reveal how it contributes to the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and aging, and studies inhibiting hypothalamic microinflammation through targeting proinflammatory signaling pathways have shown to be beneficial against these disorders and diseases. In this chapter, we provide a broad overview on hypothalamic microinflammation, focusing on its features, inducers, and shared pathogenic roles in metabolic syndrome and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Cai
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
| | - Sinan Khor
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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Moore SJ, Murphy GG, Cazares VA. Turning strains into strengths for understanding psychiatric disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:3164-3177. [PMID: 32404949 PMCID: PMC7666068 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0772-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is a paucity in the development of new mechanistic insights and therapeutic approaches for treating psychiatric disease. One of the major challenges is reflected in the growing consensus that risk for these diseases is not determined by a single gene, but rather is polygenic, arising from the action and interaction of multiple genes. Canonically, experimental models in mice have been designed to ascertain the relative contribution of a single gene to a disease by systematic manipulation (e.g., mutation or deletion) of a known candidate gene. Because these studies have been largely carried out using inbred isogenic mouse strains, in which there is no (or very little) genetic diversity among subjects, it is difficult to identify unique allelic variants, gene modifiers, and epigenetic factors that strongly affect the nature and severity of these diseases. Here, we review various methods that take advantage of existing genetic diversity or that increase genetic variance in mouse models to (1) strengthen conclusions of single-gene function; (2) model diversity among human populations; and (3) dissect complex phenotypes that arise from the actions of multiple genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon J Moore
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute & Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Geoffrey G Murphy
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute & Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Victor A Cazares
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute & Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Miller RA, Harrison DE, Allison DB, Bogue M, Debarba L, Diaz V, Fernandez E, Galecki A, Garvey WT, Jayarathne H, Kumar N, Javors MA, Ladiges WC, Macchiarini F, Nelson J, Reifsnyder P, Rosenthal NA, Sadagurski M, Salmon AB, Smith DL, Snyder JM, Lombard DB, Strong R. Canagliflozin extends life span in genetically heterogeneous male but not female mice. JCI Insight 2020; 5:140019. [PMID: 32990681 PMCID: PMC7710304 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Canagliflozin (Cana) is an FDA-approved diabetes drug that protects against cardiovascular and kidney diseases. It also inhibits the sodium glucose transporter 2 by blocking renal reuptake and intestinal absorption of glucose. In the context of the mouse Interventions Testing Program, genetically heterogeneous mice were given chow containing Cana at 180 ppm at 7 months of age until their death. Cana extended median survival of male mice by 14%. Cana also increased by 9% the age for 90th percentile survival, with parallel effects seen at each of 3 test sites. Neither the distribution of inferred cause of death nor incidental pathology findings at end-of-life necropsies were altered by Cana. Moreover, although no life span benefits were seen in female mice, Cana led to lower fasting glucose and improved glucose tolerance in both sexes, diminishing fat mass in females only. Therefore, the life span benefit of Cana is likely to reflect blunting of peak glucose levels, because similar longevity effects are seen in male mice given acarbose, a diabetes drug that blocks glucose surges through a distinct mechanism, i.e., slowing breakdown of carbohydrate in the intestine. Interventions that control daily peak glucose levels deserve attention as possible preventive medicines to protect from a wide range of late-life neoplastic and degenerative diseases. The SGLT2 inhibitor canagliflozin extends median life span of male mice but does not increase life span of female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - David B Allison
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Molly Bogue
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Lucas Debarba
- Department of Biological Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Vivian Diaz
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and Departments of Physiology and Molecular Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA; South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth Fernandez
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and Departments of Physiology and Molecular Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA; South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Andrzej Galecki
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - W Timothy Garvey
- Department of Nutrition Sciences and Diabetes Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Hashan Jayarathne
- Department of Biological Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Navasuja Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Martin A Javors
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Warren C Ladiges
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - James Nelson
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Marianna Sadagurski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Adam B Salmon
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and Departments of Physiology and Molecular Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA; South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel L Smith
- Department of Nutrition Sciences and Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jessica M Snyder
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David B Lombard
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Randy Strong
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and Departments of Physiology and Molecular Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA; South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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38
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Debarba LK, Mulka A, Lima JBM, Didyuk O, Fakhoury P, Koshko L, Awada AA, Zhang K, Klueh U, Sadagurski M. Acarbose protects from central and peripheral metabolic imbalance induced by benzene exposure. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 89:87-99. [PMID: 32505715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzene is a well-known human carcinogen that is one of the major components of air pollution. Sources of benzene in ambient air include cigarette smoke, e-cigarettes vaping, and evaporation of benzene containing petrol processes. While the carcinogenic effects of benzene exposure have been well studied, less is known about the metabolic effects of benzene exposure. We show that chronic exposure to benzene at low levels induces a severe metabolic imbalance in a sex-specific manner, and is associated with hypothalamic inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Benzene exposure rapidly activates hypothalamic ER stress and neuroinflammatory responses in male mice, while pharmacological inhibition of ER stress response by inhibiting IRE1α-XBP1 pathway significantly alleviates benzene-induced glial inflammatory responses. Additionally, feeding mice with Acarbose, a clinically available anti-diabetes drug, protected against benzene induced central and peripheral metabolic imbalance. Acarbose imitates the slowing of dietary carbohydrate digestion, suggesting that choosing a diet with a low glycemic index might be a potential strategy for reducing the negative metabolic effect of chronic exposure to benzene for smokers or people living/working in urban environments with high concentrations of exposure to automobile exhausts.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Debarba
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - A Mulka
- Biomedical Engineering, IBio (Integrative Biosciences Center), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - J B M Lima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - O Didyuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - P Fakhoury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - L Koshko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - A A Awada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - K Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - U Klueh
- Biomedical Engineering, IBio (Integrative Biosciences Center), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - M Sadagurski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.
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Wahl D, Anderson RM, Le Couteur DG. Antiaging Therapies, Cognitive Impairment, and Dementia. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:1643-1652. [PMID: 31125402 PMCID: PMC7749193 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a powerful risk factor for the development of many chronic diseases including dementia. Research based on disease models of dementia have yet to yield effective treatments, therefore it is opportune to consider whether the aging process itself might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment and prevention of dementia. Numerous cellular and molecular pathways have been implicated in the aging process and compounds that target these processes are being developed to slow aging and delay the onset of age-associated conditions. A few particularly promising therapeutic agents have been shown to influence many of the main hallmarks of aging and increase life span in rodents. Here we discuss the evidence that some of these antiaging compounds may beneficially affect brain aging and thereby lower the risk for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin Wahl
- Charles Perkins Centre
- Aging and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Rozalyn M Anderson
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Charles Perkins Centre
- Aging and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, The University of Sydney, Australia
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40
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Partridge L, Fuentealba M, Kennedy BK. The quest to slow ageing through drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:513-532. [DOI: 10.1038/s41573-020-0067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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41
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Esmailidehaj M, Kuchakzade F, Rezvani ME, Farhadi Z, Esmaeili H, Azizian H. 17β-Estradiol improves insulin signalling and insulin resistance in the aged female hearts: Role of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Life Sci 2020; 253:117673. [PMID: 32311377 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aging effects in energy balance in all tissues and organs, including the cardiovascular. The risk of cardiovascular disease is drastically higher in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women. Estrogen plays an important role in the cardiac function and body's metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine whether 17β-estradiol (E2) has beneficial effects on insulin resistance and some key stages of the insulin signalling pathway in the aged hearts. Young and aged female Wistar rats were ovariectomized and were randomly divided into three groups: young (YS) and aged (AS) sham, young (YV) and aged (AV) vehicle, and young (YE2) and aged (AE2) E2 treatment groups. E2 (1 mg/kg) was administrated every four days for four weeks. Results showed that ovariectomy increased fasting blood glucose, insulin, and HOMAIR in young, while none of these parameters was affected in aged animals. On the other hand, aging itself increased these variables. Furthermore, E2 therapy alleviated these changes in both young and aged animals. Moreover, aging also decreased the p-IRS1, p-Akt level, and translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane. E2 reduced the negative impact of menopause and aging on insulin sensitivity by favoring increase in the level of IL-10 and decrease in the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β. Our results indicated that the heart response to E2 depended on age, and E2 increased insulin sensitivity in the heart of both young and aged animals by altering inflammatory conditions. Determining the exact mechanism of this action is suggested in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Esmailidehaj
- Neurobiomedical Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kuchakzade
- Neurobiomedical Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Zeinab Farhadi
- Neurobiomedical Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hassan Esmaeili
- Department of Heart, School of Medicine, Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hossein Azizian
- Neurobiomedical Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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42
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Sampathkumar NK, Bravo JI, Chen Y, Danthi PS, Donahue EK, Lai RW, Lu R, Randall LT, Vinson N, Benayoun BA. Widespread sex dimorphism in aging and age-related diseases. Hum Genet 2020; 139:333-356. [PMID: 31677133 PMCID: PMC7031050 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02082-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although aging is a conserved phenomenon across evolutionary distant species, aspects of the aging process have been found to differ between males and females of the same species. Indeed, observations across mammalian studies have revealed the existence of longevity and health disparities between sexes, including in humans (i.e. with a female or male advantage). However, the underlying mechanisms for these sex differences in health and lifespan remain poorly understood, and it is unclear which aspects of this dimorphism stem from hormonal differences (i.e. predominance of estrogens vs. androgens) or from karyotypic differences (i.e. XX vs. XY sex chromosome complement). In this review, we discuss the state of the knowledge in terms of sex dimorphism in various aspects of aging and in human age-related diseases. Where the interplay between sex differences and age-related differences has not been explored fully, we present the state of the field to highlight important future research directions. We also discuss various dietary, drug or genetic interventions that were shown to improve longevity in a sex-dimorphic fashion. Finally, emerging tools and models that can be leveraged to decipher the mechanisms underlying sex differences in aging are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal K Sampathkumar
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Juan I Bravo
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Graduate Program in the Biology of Aging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Yilin Chen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Masters Program in Nutrition, Healthspan, and Longevity, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Prakroothi S Danthi
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Erin K Donahue
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Rochelle W Lai
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Ryan Lu
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Graduate Program in the Biology of Aging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Lewis T Randall
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Graduate Program in the Biology of Aging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Nika Vinson
- Department of Urology, Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Bérénice A Benayoun
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- USC Stem Cell Initiative, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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43
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Manda G, Rojo AI, Martínez-Klimova E, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Cuadrado A. Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid: From Herbal Medicine to Clinical Development for Cancer and Chronic Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:151. [PMID: 32184727 PMCID: PMC7058590 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a phenolic lignan obtained from Larrea tridentata, the creosote bush found in Mexico and USA deserts, that has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of numerous diseases such as cancer, renal, cardiovascular, immunological, and neurological disorders, and even aging. NDGA presents two catechol rings that confer a very potent antioxidant activity by scavenging oxygen free radicals and this may explain part of its therapeutic action. Additional effects include inhibition of lipoxygenases (LOXs) and activation of signaling pathways that impinge on the transcription factor Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related Factor (NRF2). On the other hand, the oxidation of the catechols to the corresponding quinones my elicit alterations in proteins and DNA that raise safety concerns. This review describes the current knowledge on NDGA, its targets and side effects, and its synthetic analogs as promising therapeutic agents, highlighting their mechanism of action and clinical projection towards therapy of neurodegenerative, liver, and kidney disease, as well as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Manda
- Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana I Rojo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Paz (idiPAZ), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Martínez-Klimova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Paz (idiPAZ), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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44
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Bulgakova SV, Treneva EV, Zakharova NO, Gorelik SG. [Aging and growthhormone: assumptions and facts (review of literature).]. Klin Lab Diagn 2020; 64:708-715. [PMID: 32040893 DOI: 10.18821/0869-2084-2019-64-12-708-715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone is a powerful metabolic hormone with pleiotropic effects, which is positioned as a "source of youth". Somatotropin has various functions: stimulation of bone growth, regulation of carbohydrate, protein, lipid metabolism, metabolic function of the liver and energy balance. At the cellular level, somatotropic hormone regulates cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and cytoskeleton reorganization. The review article presents the results of topical studies that reflect the relationship of growth hormone deficiency or resistance to it with the development of aging and diseases associated with age, as well as with an increase in life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Bulgakova
- Samara State Medical University, 43099, Samara, Russia
| | - E V Treneva
- Samara State Medical University, 43099, Samara, Russia
| | - N O Zakharova
- Samara State Medical University, 43099, Samara, Russia
| | - S G Gorelik
- Samara State Medical University, 43099, Samara, Russia
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45
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Farhadi Z, Khaksari M, Azizian H, Dabiri S, Fallah H, Nozari M. Aging is associated with loss of beneficial effects of estrogen on leptin responsiveness in mice fed high fat diet: Role of estrogen receptor α and cytokines. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 186:111198. [PMID: 31904410 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.111198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Aging causes changes in body composition and energy balance. Estrogen plays an important role in body's metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine whether estrogen has beneficial effects on leptin responsiveness in aged mice. Young 4 months and aged 19-21 female mice fed High Fat Diet (HFD) or Standard Diet (SD) for 12 weeks and following received estrogen for 4 weeks. Responsiveness to leptin was compared by measuring energy balance parameters. Results showed that HFD caused weight gain compared to SD in young, but had no effect on aged animals. Estrogen reduced body weight, energy intake and visceral fat in young, while none of these parameters was affected in aged animals. Although there was leptin sensitivity in aged compared to ovariectomized animals, estrogen only improved the sensitivity of young to leptin. Estrogen prevented increase in TNF-α and a decrease in IL-10 in HFD young and aged animals. Response to estrogen depended on age, and estrogen increased leptin sensitivity only in young animals. Determining the exact mechanism of this action is suggested in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Farhadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research, and Physiology Research Centers, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Hossein Azizian
- Neurobiomedical Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Shahriar Dabiri
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hossein Fallah
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Nozari
- Neuroscience Research, and Physiology Research Centers, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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46
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Sadagurski M, Debarba LK, Werneck-de-Castro JP, Ali Awada A, Baker TA, Bernal-Mizrachi E. Sexual dimorphism in hypothalamic inflammation in the offspring of dams exposed to a diet rich in high fat and branched-chain amino acids. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E526-E534. [PMID: 31361548 PMCID: PMC6766606 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00183.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acid (BCAAs: leucine, isoleucine, and valine) contribute to the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance in the context of consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) in humans and rodents. Maternal diet is a major determinant of offspring health, and there is strong evidence that maternal HFD alters hypothalamic developmental programming and disrupts offspring energy homeostasis in rodents. In this study, we exposed pregnant and lactating C57BL/6JB female mice to either HFD, HFD with supplemented BCAA (HFD+BCAA), or standard diet (SC), and we studied offspring metabolic phenotypes. Both maternal HFD and HFD supplemented with BCAA had similar effect rendering the offspring metabolic imbalance and impairing their ability to cope with HFD when challenged during aging. The metabolic effects of HFD challenge were more profound in females, worsening female offspring ability to cope with an HFD challenge by activating hypothalamic inflammation in aging. Moreover, the sex differences in hypothalamic estrogen receptor α (ER-α) expression levels were lost in female offspring upon HFD challenge, supporting a link between ER-α levels and hypothalamic inflammation in offspring and highlighting the programming potential of hypothalamic inflammatory responses and maternal nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Sadagurski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Lucas Kniess Debarba
- Department of Biological Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Joao Pedro Werneck-de-Castro
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Abear Ali Awada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Tess A Baker
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Miami Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Miami, Florida
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47
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Fernandez E, Ross C, Liang H, Javors M, Tardif S, Salmon AB. Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of metformin and acarbose in the common marmoset. PATHOBIOLOGY OF AGING & AGE RELATED DISEASES 2019; 9:1657756. [PMID: 31497263 PMCID: PMC6719263 DOI: 10.1080/20010001.2019.1657756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metformin has beneficial effects on several age-related diseases (e.g., diabetes, obesity, cancer) and extends lifespan in nematodes and mice. Acarbose, an FDA-approved agent for treating type 2 diabetes, prevents breakdown of complex carbohydrates. Both compounds have been suggested as potential anti-aging interventions and acarbose has been shown to extend mouse longevity by the Intervention Testing Program (ITP). One potential next step is to assess the effect of these interventions on healthspan and lifespan in non-human primates. The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a small new world monkey with a relatively short life span and small size, both valuable for the translation potential of this nonhuman primate species for the study of aging and chronic disease. However, the dosing and assessment of potential side effects of either metformin or acarbose in this species have yet to be assessed. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of two dosage levels each of metformin or acarbose (given separately) in two small groups of young marmosets (n = 5/group) treated for 24 h to define the pharmacokinetics of each drug. The ability to rapidly and reliably dose socially housed marmosets with an oral form of acarbose or metformin that is well tolerated indicates that this species is a reliable model for testing acarbose and metformin in a safe and efficient way in a long-term intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Fernandez
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veteran's Health Care System, San Antonio.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Corinna Ross
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Arts & Sciences, Texas A&M-San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hanyu Liang
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veteran's Health Care System, San Antonio
| | - Martin Javors
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Suzette Tardif
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Adam B Salmon
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veteran's Health Care System, San Antonio.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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48
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Abstract
Under conditions leading to aging and metabolic syndrome, the hypothalamus atypically undergoes proinflammatory signaling activation leading to a chronic and stable background inflammation, referred to as "hypothalamic microinflammation." Through the past decade of research, progress has been made to causally link this hypothalamic inflammation to the mechanism of aging as well as metabolic syndrome, promoting the "hypothalamic microinflammation" theory, which helps characterize the consensus of these epidemic health problems. In general, it is consistently appreciated that hypothalamic microinflammation emerges during the early stages of aging and metabolic syndrome and evolves to be multifaceted and advanced alongside disease progression, while inhibition of key inflammatory components in the hypothalamus has a broad range of effects in counteracting these disorders. Herein, focusing on aging and metabolic syndrome, this writing aims to provide an overview of and insights into the mediators, signaling components, cellular impacts, and physiological significance of this hypothalamic microinflammation.
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Turkson S, Kloster A, Hamilton PJ, Neigh GN. Neuroendocrine drivers of risk and resilience: The influence of metabolism & mitochondria. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 54:100770. [PMID: 31288042 PMCID: PMC6886586 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The manifestation of risk versus resilience has been considered from varying perspectives including genetics, epigenetics, early life experiences, and type and intensity of the challenge with which the organism is faced. Although all of these factors are central to determining risk and resilience, the current review focuses on what may be a final common pathway: metabolism. When an organism is faced with a perturbation to the environment, whether internal or external, appropriate energy allocation is essential to resolving the divergence from equilibrium. This review examines the potential role of metabolism in the manifestation of stress-induced neural compromise. In addition, this review details the current state of knowledge on neuroendocrine factors which are poised to set the tone of the metabolic response to a systemic challenge. The goal is to provide an essential framework for understanding stress in a metabolic context and appreciation for key neuroendocrine signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susie Turkson
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Alix Kloster
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Peter J Hamilton
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Gretchen N Neigh
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
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50
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Garratt M, Lagerborg KA, Tsai YM, Galecki A, Jain M, Miller RA. Male lifespan extension with 17-α estradiol is linked to a sex-specific metabolomic response modulated by gonadal hormones in mice. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12786. [PMID: 29806096 PMCID: PMC6052402 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Longevity in mammals is influenced by sex, and lifespan extension in response to anti‐aging interventions is often sex‐specific, although the mechanisms underlying these sexual dimorphisms are largely unknown. Treatment of mice with 17‐α estradiol (17aE2) results in sex‐specific lifespan extension, with an increase in median survival in males of 19% and no survival effect in females. Given the links between lifespan extension and metabolism, we performed untargeted metabolomics analysis of liver, skeletal muscle and plasma from male and female mice treated with 17aE2 for eight months. We find that 17aE2 generates distinct sex‐specific changes in the metabolomic profile of liver and plasma. In males, 17aE2 treatment raised the abundance of several amino acids in the liver, and this was further associated with elevations in metabolites involved in urea cycling, suggesting altered amino acid metabolism. In females, amino acids and urea cycling metabolites were unaffected by 17aE2. 17aE2 also results in male‐specific elevations in a second estrogenic steroid—estriol‐3‐sulfate—suggesting different metabolism of this drug in males and females. To understand the underlying endocrine causes for these sexual dimorphisms, we castrated males and ovariectomized females prior to 17aE2 treatment, and found that virtually all the male‐specific metabolite responses to 17aE2 are inhibited or reduced by male castration. These results suggest novel metabolic pathways linked to male‐specific lifespan extension and show that the male‐specific metabolomic response to 17aE2 depends on the production of testicular hormones in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Garratt
- Department of Pathology; University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Kim A. Lagerborg
- Departments of Medicine & Pharmacology; University of California San Diego; San Diego California
| | - Yi-Miau Tsai
- Department of Pathology; University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor Michigan
- University of Michigan Geriatrics Center; Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Andrzej Galecki
- Department of Pathology; University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor Michigan
- University of Michigan Geriatrics Center; Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Mohit Jain
- Departments of Medicine & Pharmacology; University of California San Diego; San Diego California
| | - Richard A. Miller
- Department of Pathology; University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor Michigan
- University of Michigan Geriatrics Center; Ann Arbor Michigan
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