1
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Arias-Ortiz A, Wolfe J, Bridgham SD, Knox S, McNicol G, Needelman BA, Shahan J, Stuart-Haëntjens EJ, Windham-Myers L, Oikawa PY, Baldocchi DD, Caplan JS, Capooci M, Czapla KM, Derby RK, Diefenderfer HL, Forbrich I, Groseclose G, Keller JK, Kelley C, Keshta AE, Kleiner HS, Krauss KW, Lane RR, Mack S, Moseman-Valtierra S, Mozdzer TJ, Mueller P, Neubauer SC, Noyce G, Schäfer KVR, Sanders-DeMott R, Schutte CA, Vargas R, Weston NB, Wilson B, Megonigal JP, Holmquist JR. Methane fluxes in tidal marshes of the conterminous United States. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17462. [PMID: 39234688 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) with atmospheric concentrations that have nearly tripled since pre-industrial times. Wetlands account for a large share of global CH4 emissions, yet the magnitude and factors controlling CH4 fluxes in tidal wetlands remain uncertain. We synthesized CH4 flux data from 100 chamber and 9 eddy covariance (EC) sites across tidal marshes in the conterminous United States to assess controlling factors and improve predictions of CH4 emissions. This effort included creating an open-source database of chamber-based GHG fluxes (https://doi.org/10.25573/serc.14227085). Annual fluxes across chamber and EC sites averaged 26 ± 53 g CH4 m-2 year-1, with a median of 3.9 g CH4 m-2 year-1, and only 25% of sites exceeding 18 g CH4 m-2 year-1. The highest fluxes were observed at fresh-oligohaline sites with daily maximum temperature normals (MATmax) above 25.6°C. These were followed by frequently inundated low and mid-fresh-oligohaline marshes with MATmax ≤25.6°C, and mesohaline sites with MATmax >19°C. Quantile regressions of paired chamber CH4 flux and porewater biogeochemistry revealed that the 90th percentile of fluxes fell below 5 ± 3 nmol m-2 s-1 at sulfate concentrations >4.7 ± 0.6 mM, porewater salinity >21 ± 2 psu, or surface water salinity >15 ± 3 psu. Across sites, salinity was the dominant predictor of annual CH4 fluxes, while within sites, temperature, gross primary productivity (GPP), and tidal height controlled variability at diel and seasonal scales. At the diel scale, GPP preceded temperature in importance for predicting CH4 flux changes, while the opposite was observed at the seasonal scale. Water levels influenced the timing and pathway of diel CH4 fluxes, with pulsed releases of stored CH4 at low to rising tide. This study provides data and methods to improve tidal marsh CH4 emission estimates, support blue carbon assessments, and refine national and global GHG inventories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Arias-Ortiz
- Physics Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Ecosystem Science Division, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jaxine Wolfe
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
| | - Scott D Bridgham
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Sara Knox
- Department of Geography, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gavin McNicol
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brian A Needelman
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Julie Shahan
- Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | | | - Patty Y Oikawa
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, California, USA
| | - Dennis D Baldocchi
- Ecosystem Science Division, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Joshua S Caplan
- Department of Architecture & Environmental Design, Temple University, Ambler, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Margaret Capooci
- Department of Plant & Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Kenneth M Czapla
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - R Kyle Derby
- Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Annapolis, Maryland, USA
| | - Heida L Diefenderfer
- Coastal Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Sequim, Washington, USA
| | - Inke Forbrich
- Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Gina Groseclose
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jason K Keller
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA
- Kravis Department of Integrated Sciences, Claremont McKenna College, Claremont, California, USA
| | - Cheryl Kelley
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Amr E Keshta
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Helena S Kleiner
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
| | - Ken W Krauss
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Sarah Mack
- Tierra Resources LLC, Lafitte, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Thomas J Mozdzer
- Bryn Mawr College, Department of Biology, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter Mueller
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Scott C Neubauer
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Genevieve Noyce
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
| | - Karina V R Schäfer
- Earth and Environmental Science Dept, Rutgers University Newark, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rebecca Sanders-DeMott
- U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles A Schutte
- Department of Environmental Science, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Plant & Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Nathaniel B Weston
- Department of Geography and the Environment, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Benjamin Wilson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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2
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Guo H, Cui S, Nielsen CK, Pullens JW, Qiu C, Wu S. Unraveling Spatially Diverse and Interactive Regulatory Mechanisms of Wetland Methane Fluxes to Improve Emission Estimation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58. [PMID: 39134052 PMCID: PMC11360361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c06057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Methane fluxes (FCH4) vary significantly across wetland ecosystems due to complex mechanisms, challenging accurate estimations. The interactions among environmental drivers, while crucial in regulating FCH4, have not been well understood. Here, the interactive effects of six environmental drivers on FCH4 were first analyzed using 396,322 half-hourly measurements from 22 sites across various wetland types and climate zones. Results reveal that soil temperature, latent heat turbulent flux, and ecosystem respiration primarily exerted direct effects on FCH4, while air temperature and gross primary productivity mainly exerted indirect effects by interacting with other drivers. Significant spatial variability in FCH4 regulatory mechanisms was highlighted, with different drivers demonstrated varying direct, indirect, and total effects among sites. This spatial variability was then linked to site-specific annual-average air temperature (17.7%) and water table (9.0%) conditions, allowing the categorization of CH4 sources into four groups with identified critical drivers. An improved estimation approach using a random forest model with three critical drivers was consequently proposed, offering accurate FCH4 predictions with fewer input requirements. By explicitly accounting for environmental interactions and interpreting spatial variability, this study enhances our understanding of the mechanisms regulating CH4 emissions, contributing to more efficient modeling and estimation of wetland FCH4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Guo
- Department
of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele 8830, Denmark
| | - Shihao Cui
- Department
of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele 8830, Denmark
| | | | | | - Chunjing Qiu
- Research
Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems, School of Ecological
and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal
University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Institute
of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shubiao Wu
- Department
of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele 8830, Denmark
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3
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Zhang W, Xin H, Li Z, Cui Q, Xu B, Tang B, Wang Y, Xu C, Xue J. Responses of CO 2 and CH 4 in the alpine wetlands of the Tibetan Plateau to warming and nitrogen and phosphorus additions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024. [PMID: 39037733 DOI: 10.1039/d4em00174e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Wetland ecosystems store large amounts of carbon, and CO2 and CH4 fluxes from this ecosystem receive the double impact of climate change and human activities. Nonetheless, research on how multi-gradient warming and nitrogen and phosphorus additions affect these wetland greenhouse gas emissions is still limited, particularly in alpine wetland ecosystems. Therefore, we conducted a field experiment on the Tibetan Plateau wetlands, investigating the effects of warming and nitrogen and phosphorus additions on the CO2 and CH4 fluxes in alpine wetlands. Results indicated that warming enhanced the CO2 absorption and CH4 emission in the alpine meadow ecosystem, possibly related to changes in plant growth and microbial activity induced by warming, while we noticed that the promotion of CO2 uptake weakened with the increase in the magnitude of warming, suggesting that there may be a temperature threshold beyond which the ecosystem's capacity for carbon sequestration may be reduced. Nitrogen addition increased CH4 emission, with the effect on CO2 absorption shifting from inhibition to enhancement as the amount of applied nitrogen or phosphorus increased. The interaction between warming and nitrogen and phosphorus additions further influenced CH4 emission, exhibiting a synergistic enhancement effect. This study deepens our understanding of the greenhouse gas responses of alpine wetland ecosystems to warming and nitrogen and phosphorus additions, which is significant for predicting and managing ecosystem carbon balance under global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbao Zhang
- School of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiao Tong University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China.
| | - Huijuan Xin
- School of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiao Tong University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China.
| | - Zongxing Li
- Observation and Research Station of Eco-Hydrology and National Park by Stable Isotope Tracing in Qilian Mountains, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Qiao Cui
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bin Xu
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Biao Tang
- School of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiao Tong University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China.
| | - Yaning Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Chong Xu
- School of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiao Tong University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China.
| | - Jian Xue
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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4
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Heffernan L, Estop-Aragonés C, Kuhn MA, Holger-Knorr K, Olefeldt D. Changing climatic controls on the greenhouse gas balance of thermokarst bogs during succession after permafrost thaw. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17388. [PMID: 38967139 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Permafrost thaw in northern peatlands causes collapse of permafrost peat plateaus and thermokarst bog development, with potential impacts on atmospheric greenhouse gas exchange. Here, we measured methane and carbon dioxide fluxes over 3 years (including winters) using static chambers along two permafrost thaw transects in northwestern Canada, spanning young (~30 years since thaw), intermediate and mature thermokarst bogs (~200 years since thaw). Young bogs were wetter, warmer and had more hydrophilic vegetation than mature bogs. Methane emissions increased with wetness and soil temperature (40 cm depth) and modelled annual estimates were greatest in the young bog during the warmest year and lowest in the mature bog during the coolest year (21 and 7 g C-CH4 m-2 year-1, respectively). The dominant control on net ecosystem exchange (NEE) in the mature bog (between +20 and -54 g C-CO2 m-2 year-1) was soil temperature (5 cm), causing net CO2 loss due to higher ecosystem respiration (ER) in warmer years. In contrast, wetness controlled NEE in the young and intermediate bogs (between +55 and -95 g C-CO2 m-2 year-1), where years with periodic inundation at the beginning of the growing season caused greater reduction in gross primary productivity than in ER leading to CO2 loss. Winter fluxes (November-April) represented 16% of annual ER and 38% of annual CH4 emissions. Our study found NEE of thermokarst bogs to be close to neutral and rules out large CO2 losses under current conditions. However, high CH4 emissions after thaw caused a positive net radiative forcing effect. While wet conditions favouring high CH4 emissions only persist for the initial young bog period, we showed that continued climate warming with increased ER, and thus, CO2 losses from the mature bog can cause net positive radiative forcing which would last for centuries after permafrost thaw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Heffernan
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cristian Estop-Aragonés
- Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry Group, Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - McKenzie A Kuhn
- Department of Earth Sciences and Earth System Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Ocean and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Klaus Holger-Knorr
- Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry Group, Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - David Olefeldt
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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5
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Sriskandarajah N, Wüst-Galley C, Heller S, Leifeld J, Määttä T, Ouyang Z, Runkle BRK, Schiedung M, Schmidt MWI, Tumber-Dávila SJ, Malhotra A. Belowground plant allocation regulates rice methane emissions from degraded peat soils. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14593. [PMID: 38918514 PMCID: PMC11199496 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon-rich peat soils have been drained and used extensively for agriculture throughout human history, leading to significant losses of their soil carbon. One solution for rewetting degraded peat is wet crop cultivation. Crops such as rice, which can grow in water-saturated conditions, could enable agricultural production to be maintained whilst reducing CO2 and N2O emissions from peat. However, wet rice cultivation can release considerable methane (CH4). Water table and soil management strategies may enhance rice yield and minimize CH4 emissions, but they also influence plant biomass allocation strategies. It remains unclear how water and soil management influences rice allocation strategies and how changing plant allocation and associated traits, particularly belowground, influence CH4-related processes. We examined belowground biomass (BGB), aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground:aboveground ratio (BGB:ABG), and a range of root traits (root length, root diameter, root volume, root area, and specific root length) under different soil and water treatments; and evaluated plant trait linkages to CH4. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) was grown for six months in field mesocosms under high (saturated) or low water table treatments, and in either degraded peat soil or degraded peat covered with mineral soil. We found that BGB and BGB:AGB were lowest in water saturated conditions where mineral soil had been added to the peat, and highest in low-water table peat soils. Furthermore, CH4 and BGB were positively related, with BGB explaining 60% of the variation in CH4 but only under low water table conditions. Our results suggest that a mix of low water table and mineral soil addition could minimize belowground plant allocation in rice, which could further lower CH4 likely because root-derived carbon is a key substrate for methanogenesis. Minimizing root allocation, in conjunction with water and soil management, could be explored as a strategy for lowering CH4 emissions from wet rice cultivation in degraded peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandra Heller
- Climate and Agriculture Group, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jens Leifeld
- Climate and Agriculture Group, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tiia Määttä
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zutao Ouyang
- College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Benjamin R K Runkle
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Marcus Schiedung
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 68, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Shersingh Joseph Tumber-Dávila
- Department of Environmental Studies, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
- Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA, 01366, USA
| | - Avni Malhotra
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99852, USA.
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6
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Sabrekov AF, Semenov MV, Terentieva IE, Krasnov GS, Kharitonov SL, Glagolev MV, Litti YV. Anaerobic methane oxidation is quantitatively important in deeper peat layers of boreal peatlands: Evidence from anaerobic incubations, in situ stable isotopes depth profiles, and microbial communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170213. [PMID: 38278226 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Boreal peatlands store most of their carbon in layers deeper than 0.5 m under anaerobic conditions, where carbon dioxide and methane are produced as terminal products of organic matter degradation. Since the global warming potential of methane is much greater than that of carbon dioxide, the balance between the production rates of these gases is important for future climate predictions. Herein, we aimed to understand whether anaerobic methane oxidation (AMO) could explain the high CO2/CH4 anaerobic production ratios that are widely observed for the deeper peat layers of boreal peatlands. Furthermore, we quantified the metabolic pathways of methanogenesis to examine whether hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis is a dominant methane production pathway for the presumably recalcitrant deeper peat. To assess the CH4 cycling in deeper peat, we combined laboratory anaerobic incubations with a pathway-specific inhibitor, in situ depth patterns of stable isotopes in CH4, and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing for three representative boreal peatlands in Western Siberia. We found up to a 69 % reduction in CH4 production due to AMO, which largely explained the high CO2/CH4 anaerobic production ratios and the in situ depth-related patterns of δ13C and δD in methane. The absence of acetate accumulation after inhibiting acetotrophic methanogenesis and the presence of sulfate- and nitrate-reducing anaerobic acetate oxidizers in the deeper peat indicated that these microorganisms use SO42- and NO3- as electron acceptors. Acetotrophic methanogenesis dominated net CH4 production in the deeper peat, accounting for 81 ± 13 %. Overall, anaerobic oxidation is quantitatively important for the methane cycle in the deeper layers of boreal peatlands, affecting both methane and its main precursor concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr F Sabrekov
- UNESCO Department "Environmental Dynamics and Global Climate Changes", Ugra State University, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia.
| | - Mikhail V Semenov
- Laboratory of Soil Carbon and Microbial Ecology, Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - George S Krasnov
- Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Mikhail V Glagolev
- UNESCO Department "Environmental Dynamics and Global Climate Changes", Ugra State University, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia; Faculty of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuriy V Litti
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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7
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Ge M, Korrensalo A, Laiho R, Kohl L, Lohila A, Pihlatie M, Li X, Laine AM, Anttila J, Putkinen A, Wang W, Koskinen M. Plant-mediated CH 4 exchange in wetlands: A review of mechanisms and measurement methods with implications for modelling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169662. [PMID: 38159777 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Plant-mediated CH4 transport (PMT) is the dominant pathway through which soil-produced CH4 can escape into the atmosphere and thus plays an important role in controlling ecosystem CH4 emission. PMT is affected by abiotic and biotic factors simultaneously, and the effects of biotic factors, such as the dominant plant species and their traits, can override the effects of abiotic factors. Increasing evidence shows that plant-mediated CH4 fluxes include not only PMT, but also within-plant CH4 production and oxidation due to the detection of methanogens and methanotrophs attached to the shoots. Despite the inter-species and seasonal differences, and the probable contribution of within-plant microbes to total plant-mediated CH4 exchange (PME), current process-based ecosystem models only estimate PMT based on the bulk biomass or leaf area index of aerenchymatous plants. We highlight five knowledge gaps to which more research efforts should be devoted. First, large between-species variation, even within the same family, complicates general estimation of PMT, and calls for further work on the key dominant species in different types of wetlands. Second, the interface (rhizosphere-root, root-shoot, or leaf-atmosphere) and plant traits controlling PMT remain poorly documented, but would be required for generalizations from species to relevant functional groups. Third, the main environmental controls of PMT across species remain uncertain. Fourth, the role of within-plant CH4 production and oxidation is poorly quantified. Fifth, the simplistic description of PMT in current process models results in uncertainty and potentially high errors in predictions of the ecosystem CH4 flux. Our review suggest that flux measurements should be conducted over multiple growing seasons and be paired with trait assessment and microbial analysis, and that trait-based models should be developed. Only then we are capable to accurately estimate plant-mediated CH4 emissions, and eventually ecosystem total CH4 emissions at both regional and global scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Ge
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Aino Korrensalo
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, Kuopio 80101, Finland; Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, Helsinki 00790, Finland
| | - Raija Laiho
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, Helsinki 00790, Finland
| | - Lukas Kohl
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, Kuopio 80101, Finland
| | - Annalea Lohila
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, Helsinki 00560, Finland
| | - Mari Pihlatie
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xuefei Li
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Anna M Laine
- Geological Survey of Finland, PO Box 1237, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jani Anttila
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, Helsinki 00790, Finland
| | - Anuliina Putkinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Weifeng Wang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China
| | - Markku Koskinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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8
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Määttä T, Malhotra A. The hidden roots of wetland methane emissions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17127. [PMID: 38337165 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Wetlands are the largest natural source of methane (CH4 ) globally. Climate and land use change are expected to alter CH4 emissions but current and future wetland CH4 budgets remain uncertain. One important predictor of wetland CH4 flux, plants, play an important role in providing substrates for CH4 -producing microbes, increasing CH4 consumption by oxygenating the rhizosphere, and transporting CH4 from soils to the atmosphere. Yet, there remain various mechanistic knowledge gaps regarding the extent to which plant root systems and their traits influence wetland CH4 emissions. Here, we present a novel conceptual framework of the relationships between a range of root traits and CH4 processes in wetlands. Based on a literature review, we propose four main CH4 -relevant categories of root function: gas transport, carbon substrate provision, physicochemical influences and root system architecture. Within these categories, we discuss how individual root traits influence CH4 production, consumption, and transport (PCT). Our findings reveal knowledge gaps concerning trait functions in physicochemical influences, and the role of mycorrhizae and temporal root dynamics in PCT. We also identify priority research needs such as integrating trait measurements from different root function categories, measuring root-CH4 linkages along environmental gradients, and following standardized root ecology protocols and vocabularies. Thus, our conceptual framework identifies relevant belowground plant traits that will help improve wetland CH4 predictions and reduce uncertainties in current and future wetland CH4 budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiia Määttä
- Department of Geography, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Avni Malhotra
- Department of Geography, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
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9
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Peng H, Nijp JJ, Ratcliffe JL, Li C, Hong B, Lidberg W, Zeng M, Mauquoy D, Bishop K, Nilsson MB. Climatic controls on the dynamic lateral expansion of northern peatlands and its potential implication for the 'anomalous' atmospheric CH 4 rise since the mid-Holocene. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168450. [PMID: 37967626 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the dynamic changes in peatland area during the Holocene is essential for unraveling the connections between northern peatland development and global carbon budgets. However, studies investigating the centennial to millennial-scale process of peatland expansion and its climate and environmental drivers are still limited. In this study, we present a reconstruction of the peatland area and lateral peatland expansion rate of a peatland complex in northern Sweden since the mid-Holocene, based on Ground Penetrating Radar measurements of peat thickness supported by radiocarbon (14C) dates from four peat cores. Based on this analysis, lateral expansion of the peatland followed a northwest-southeast directionality, constrained by the undulating post-glacial topography. The areal extent of peat has increased non-linearly since the mid-Holocene, and the peatland lateral expansion rate has generally been on the rise, with intensified expansion occurring after around 3500 cal yr BP. Abrupt declines in lateral expansion rates were synchronized with the decreases in total solar irradiance superimposed on the millennial ice-rafted debris events in the northern high latitudes. Supported by the temporal evolution of peatland extent in four other Fennoscandian peatlands, it appears that the northern peatland areal extent during the early to middle Holocene was much smaller compared to previous empirical model reconstructions based on basal age compilations. Interestingly, our reconstruction shows the increments of peat area since the mid-Holocene coincide with the rise in atmospheric CH4 concentration, and that abrupt variations in atmospheric CH4 on decadal to centennial timescales could be synchronized with peatland lateral expansion rates. Based on our analysis we put forward the hypothesis that lateral expansion of northern peatlands is a significant driver of dynamics in the late Holocene atmospheric CH4 budget. We strongly urge for more empirical data to quantify lateral expansion rates and test such hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 550081 Guiyang, China; Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Jelmer J Nijp
- KWR Water Research Institute, Ecohydrology Group, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Wageningen University, Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Joshua L Ratcliffe
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Chuxian Li
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 550081 Guiyang, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - William Lidberg
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mengxiu Zeng
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 321004 Jinhua, China
| | - Dmitri Mauquoy
- School Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3UF, Scotland, UK
| | - Kevin Bishop
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala 12, Sweden
| | - Mats B Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
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10
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Euskirchen ES, Edgar CW, Kane ES, Waldrop MP, Neumann RB, Manies KL, Douglas TA, Dieleman C, Jones MC, Turetsky MR. Persistent net release of carbon dioxide and methane from an Alaskan lowland boreal peatland complex. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17139. [PMID: 38273498 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Permafrost degradation in peatlands is altering vegetation and soil properties and impacting net carbon storage. We studied four adjacent sites in Alaska with varied permafrost regimes, including a black spruce forest on a peat plateau with permafrost, two collapse scar bogs of different ages formed following thermokarst, and a rich fen without permafrost. Measurements included year-round eddy covariance estimates of net carbon dioxide (CO2 ), mid-April to October methane (CH4 ) emissions, and environmental variables. From 2011 to 2022, annual rainfall was above the historical average, snow water equivalent increased, and snow-season duration shortened due to later snow return. Seasonally thawed active layer depths also increased. During this period, all ecosystems acted as slight annual sources of CO2 (13-59 g C m-2 year-1 ) and stronger sources of CH4 (11-14 g CH4 m-2 from ~April to October). The interannual variability of net ecosystem exchange was high, approximately ±100 g C m-2 year-1 , or twice what has been previously reported across other boreal sites. Net CO2 release was positively related to increased summer rainfall and winter snow water equivalent and later snow return. Controls over CH4 emissions were related to increased soil moisture and inundation status. The dominant emitter of carbon was the rich fen, which, in addition to being a source of CO2 , was also the largest CH4 emitter. These results suggest that the future carbon-source strength of boreal lowlands in Interior Alaska may be determined by the area occupied by minerotrophic fens, which are expected to become more abundant as permafrost thaw increases hydrologic connectivity. Since our measurements occur within close proximity of each other (≤1 km2 ), this study also has implications for the spatial scale and data used in benchmarking carbon cycle models and emphasizes the necessity of long-term measurements to identify carbon cycle process changes in a warming climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugénie S Euskirchen
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - Colin W Edgar
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - Evan S Kane
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
- Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - Mark P Waldrop
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, Moffett Fields, Mountain View, California, USA
| | - Rebecca B Neumann
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kristen L Manies
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, Moffett Fields, Mountain View, California, USA
| | - Thomas A Douglas
- U.S. Army Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory, Fort Wainwright, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - Catherine Dieleman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miriam C Jones
- U.S. Geological Survey, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center, Reston, Virginia, USA
| | - Merritt R Turetsky
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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11
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Feron S, Malhotra A, Bansal S, Fluet-Chouinard E, McNicol G, Knox SH, Delwiche KB, Cordero RR, Ouyang Z, Zhang Z, Poulter B, Jackson RB. Recent increases in annual, seasonal, and extreme methane fluxes driven by changes in climate and vegetation in boreal and temperate wetland ecosystems. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17131. [PMID: 38273508 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Climate warming is expected to increase global methane (CH4 ) emissions from wetland ecosystems. Although in situ eddy covariance (EC) measurements at ecosystem scales can potentially detect CH4 flux changes, most EC systems have only a few years of data collected, so temporal trends in CH4 remain uncertain. Here, we use established drivers to hindcast changes in CH4 fluxes (FCH4 ) since the early 1980s. We trained a machine learning (ML) model on CH4 flux measurements from 22 [methane-producing sites] in wetland, upland, and lake sites of the FLUXNET-CH4 database with at least two full years of measurements across temperate and boreal biomes. The gradient boosting decision tree ML model then hindcasted daily FCH4 over 1981-2018 using meteorological reanalysis data. We found that, mainly driven by rising temperature, half of the sites (n = 11) showed significant increases in annual, seasonal, and extreme FCH4 , with increases in FCH4 of ca. 10% or higher found in the fall from 1981-1989 to 2010-2018. The annual trends were driven by increases during summer and fall, particularly at high-CH4 -emitting fen sites dominated by aerenchymatous plants. We also found that the distribution of days of extremely high FCH4 (defined according to the 95th percentile of the daily FCH4 values over a reference period) have become more frequent during the last four decades and currently account for 10-40% of the total seasonal fluxes. The share of extreme FCH4 days in the total seasonal fluxes was greatest in winter for boreal/taiga sites and in spring for temperate sites, which highlights the increasing importance of the non-growing seasons in annual budgets. Our results shed light on the effects of climate warming on wetlands, which appears to be extending the CH4 emission seasons and boosting extreme emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Feron
- Knowledge Infrastructures, Campus Fryslân, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Physics, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Avni Malhotra
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Sheel Bansal
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, North Dakota, USA
| | - Etienne Fluet-Chouinard
- Earth Systems Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Gavin McNicol
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sara H Knox
- Department of Geography, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kyle B Delwiche
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Raul R Cordero
- Department of Physics, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Zutao Ouyang
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Benjamin Poulter
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert B Jackson
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford, California, USA
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12
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Mander Ü, Espenberg M, Melling L, Kull A. Peatland restoration pathways to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and retain peat carbon. BIOGEOCHEMISTRY 2023; 167:523-543. [PMID: 38707516 PMCID: PMC11068583 DOI: 10.1007/s10533-023-01103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Peatlands play a crucial role in the global carbon (C) cycle, making their restoration a key strategy for mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and retaining C. This study analyses the most common restoration pathways employed in boreal and temperate peatlands, potentially applicable in tropical peat swamp forests. Our analysis focuses on the GHG emissions and C retention potential of the restoration measures. To assess the C stock change in restored (rewetted) peatlands and afforested peatlands with continuous drainage, we adopt a conceptual approach that considers short-term C capture (GHG exchange between the atmosphere and the peatland ecosystem) and long-term C sequestration in peat. The primary criterion of our conceptual model is the capacity of restoration measures to capture C and reduce GHG emissions. Our findings indicate that carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most influential part of long-term climate impact of restored peatlands, whereas moderate methane (CH4) emissions and low N2O fluxes are relatively unimportant. However, lateral losses of dissolved and particulate C in water can account up to a half of the total C stock change. Among the restored peatland types, Sphagnum paludiculture showed the highest CO2 capture, followed by shallow lakes and reed/grass paludiculture. Shallow lakeshore vegetation in restored peatlands can reduce CO2 emissions and sequester C but still emit CH4, particularly during the first 20 years after restoration. Our conceptual modelling approach reveals that over a 300-year period, under stable climate conditions, drained bog forests can lose up to 50% of initial C content. In managed (regularly harvested) and continuously drained peatland forests, C accumulation in biomass and litter input does not compensate C losses from peat. In contrast, rewetted unmanaged peatland forests are turning into a persistent C sink. The modelling results emphasized the importance of long-term C balance analysis which considers soil C accumulation, moving beyond the short-term C cycling between vegetation and the atmosphere. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10533-023-01103-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ülo Mander
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mikk Espenberg
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lulie Melling
- Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute, Kuching, Sarawak Malaysia
| | - Ain Kull
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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13
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Bansal S, Creed IF, Tangen BA, Bridgham SD, Desai AR, Krauss KW, Neubauer SC, Noe GB, Rosenberry DO, Trettin C, Wickland KP, Allen ST, Arias-Ortiz A, Armitage AR, Baldocchi D, Banerjee K, Bastviken D, Berg P, Bogard MJ, Chow AT, Conner WH, Craft C, Creamer C, DelSontro T, Duberstein JA, Eagle M, Fennessy MS, Finkelstein SA, Göckede M, Grunwald S, Halabisky M, Herbert E, Jahangir MMR, Johnson OF, Jones MC, Kelleway JJ, Knox S, Kroeger KD, Kuehn KA, Lobb D, Loder AL, Ma S, Maher DT, McNicol G, Meier J, Middleton BA, Mills C, Mistry P, Mitra A, Mobilian C, Nahlik AM, Newman S, O’Connell JL, Oikawa P, van der Burg MP, Schutte CA, Song C, Stagg CL, Turner J, Vargas R, Waldrop MP, Wallin MB, Wang ZA, Ward EJ, Willard DA, Yarwood S, Zhu X. Practical Guide to Measuring Wetland Carbon Pools and Fluxes. WETLANDS (WILMINGTON, N.C.) 2023; 43:105. [PMID: 38037553 PMCID: PMC10684704 DOI: 10.1007/s13157-023-01722-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands cover a small portion of the world, but have disproportionate influence on global carbon (C) sequestration, carbon dioxide and methane emissions, and aquatic C fluxes. However, the underlying biogeochemical processes that affect wetland C pools and fluxes are complex and dynamic, making measurements of wetland C challenging. Over decades of research, many observational, experimental, and analytical approaches have been developed to understand and quantify pools and fluxes of wetland C. Sampling approaches range in their representation of wetland C from short to long timeframes and local to landscape spatial scales. This review summarizes common and cutting-edge methodological approaches for quantifying wetland C pools and fluxes. We first define each of the major C pools and fluxes and provide rationale for their importance to wetland C dynamics. For each approach, we clarify what component of wetland C is measured and its spatial and temporal representativeness and constraints. We describe practical considerations for each approach, such as where and when an approach is typically used, who can conduct the measurements (expertise, training requirements), and how approaches are conducted, including considerations on equipment complexity and costs. Finally, we review key covariates and ancillary measurements that enhance the interpretation of findings and facilitate model development. The protocols that we describe to measure soil, water, vegetation, and gases are also relevant for related disciplines such as ecology. Improved quality and consistency of data collection and reporting across studies will help reduce global uncertainties and develop management strategies to use wetlands as nature-based climate solutions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13157-023-01722-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheel Bansal
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
| | - Irena F. Creed
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Brian A. Tangen
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
| | - Scott D. Bridgham
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR USA
| | - Ankur R. Desai
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Ken W. Krauss
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA USA
| | - Scott C. Neubauer
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Gregory B. Noe
- U.S. Geological Survey, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center, Reston, VA USA
| | | | - Carl Trettin
- U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Davis, CA USA
| | - Kimberly P. Wickland
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center, Denver, CO USA
| | - Scott T. Allen
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV USA
| | - Ariane Arias-Ortiz
- Ecosystem Science Division, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Anna R. Armitage
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX USA
| | - Dennis Baldocchi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Kakoli Banerjee
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources, Central University of Odisha, Koraput, Odisha India
| | - David Bastviken
- Department of Thematic Studies – Environmental Change, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Berg
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Matthew J. Bogard
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB Canada
| | - Alex T. Chow
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - William H. Conner
- Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, Clemson University, Georgetown, SC USA
| | - Christopher Craft
- O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Courtney Creamer
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Minerals, Energy and Geophysics Science Center, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - Tonya DelSontro
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON Canada
| | - Jamie A. Duberstein
- Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, Clemson University, Georgetown, SC USA
| | - Meagan Eagle
- U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA USA
| | | | | | - Mathias Göckede
- Department for Biogeochemical Signals, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Sabine Grunwald
- Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Meghan Halabisky
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | | | | | - Olivia F. Johnson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
- Departments of Biology and Environmental Studies, Kent State University, Kent, OH USA
| | - Miriam C. Jones
- U.S. Geological Survey, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center, Reston, VA USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Kelleway
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences and Environmental Futures Research Centre, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW Australia
| | - Sara Knox
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kevin D. Kroeger
- U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA USA
| | - Kevin A. Kuehn
- School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS USA
| | - David Lobb
- Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Amanda L. Loder
- Department of Geography, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Shizhou Ma
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Damien T. Maher
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW Australia
| | - Gavin McNicol
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Jacob Meier
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
| | - Beth A. Middleton
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA USA
| | - Christopher Mills
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, Denver, CO USA
| | - Purbasha Mistry
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Abhijit Mitra
- Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal India
| | - Courtney Mobilian
- O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Amanda M. Nahlik
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessments, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR USA
| | - Sue Newman
- South Florida Water Management District, Everglades Systems Assessment Section, West Palm Beach, FL USA
| | - Jessica L. O’Connell
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Patty Oikawa
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA USA
| | - Max Post van der Burg
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
| | - Charles A. Schutte
- Department of Environmental Science, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ USA
| | - Changchun Song
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Camille L. Stagg
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA USA
| | - Jessica Turner
- Freshwater and Marine Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE USA
| | - Mark P. Waldrop
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Minerals, Energy and Geophysics Science Center, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - Marcus B. Wallin
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhaohui Aleck Wang
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA USA
| | - Eric J. Ward
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA USA
| | - Debra A. Willard
- U.S. Geological Survey, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center, Reston, VA USA
| | - Stephanie Yarwood
- Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, China
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14
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Tian W, Wang H, Xiang X, Loni PC, Qiu X, Wang R, Huang X, Tuovinen OH. Water table level controls methanogenic and methanotrophic communities and methane emissions in a Sphagnum-dominated peatland. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0199223. [PMID: 37747896 PMCID: PMC10580971 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01992-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peatlands are important sources of the greenhouse gas methane emissions equipoised by methanogens and methanotrophs. However, knowledge about how microbial functional groups associated with methane production and oxidation respond to water table fluctuations has been limited to date. Here, methane-related microbial communities and the potentials of methane production and oxidation were determined along sectioned peat layers in a subalpine peatland across four Sphagnum-dominated sites with different water table levels. Methane fluxes were also monitored at these sites. The results showed that mcrA gene copies for methanogens were the highest in the 10- to 15-cm peat layer, which was also characterized by the maximum potential methane production (24.53 ± 1.83 nmol/g/h). Copy numbers of the pmoA gene for type Ia and Ib methanotrophs were enriched in the 0-5 cm peat layer with the highest potential methane oxidation (43.09 ± 3.44 nmol/g/h). For the type II methanotrophs, the pmoA gene copies were higher in the 10- to 15-cm peat layer. Hydrogenotrophic methanogens and type II methanotrophs dominated the methane functional groups. Deterministic process contributed more to methanogenic and methanotrophic community assemblages in comparison with stochastic process. The level of water table significantly shaped methanogenic and methanotrophic community structures and regulated methane fluxes. Compared with vascular plants, Sphagnum mosses significantly reduced the methane emissions in peatlands. Collectively, these findings enhance a comprehensive understanding of the effect of the water table level on methane functional groups, with consequential implications for reducing methane emissions within peatland ecosystems.IMPORTANCEThe water table level is recognized as a critical factor in regulating methane emissions, which are largely dependent on the balance of methanogens and methanotrophs. Previous studies on peat methane emissions have been mostly focused on spatial-temporal variations and the relationship with meteorological conditions. However, the role of the water table level in methane emissions remains unknown. In this work, four representative microhabitats along a water table gradient in a Sphagnum-dominated peatland were sampled to gain an insight into methane functional communities and methane emissions as affected by the water table level. The changes in methane-related microbial community structure and assembly were used to characterize the response to the water table level. This study improves the understanding of the changes in methane-related microbial communities and methane emissions with water table levels in peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology of University, Chuzhou, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, China
| | - Prakash C. Loni
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruicheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianyu Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Olli H. Tuovinen
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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15
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Petro C, Carrell AA, Wilson RM, Duchesneau K, Noble-Kuchera S, Song T, Iversen CM, Childs J, Schwaner G, Chanton JP, Norby RJ, Hanson PJ, Glass JB, Weston DJ, Kostka JE. Climate drivers alter nitrogen availability in surface peat and decouple N 2 fixation from CH 4 oxidation in the Sphagnum moss microbiome. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:3159-3176. [PMID: 36999440 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Peat mosses (Sphagnum spp.) are keystone species in boreal peatlands, where they dominate net primary productivity and facilitate the accumulation of carbon in thick peat deposits. Sphagnum mosses harbor a diverse assemblage of microbial partners, including N2 -fixing (diazotrophic) and CH4 -oxidizing (methanotrophic) taxa that support ecosystem function by regulating transformations of carbon and nitrogen. Here, we investigate the response of the Sphagnum phytobiome (plant + constituent microbiome + environment) to a gradient of experimental warming (+0°C to +9°C) and elevated CO2 (+500 ppm) in an ombrotrophic peatland in northern Minnesota (USA). By tracking changes in carbon (CH4 , CO2 ) and nitrogen (NH4 -N) cycling from the belowground environment up to Sphagnum and its associated microbiome, we identified a series of cascading impacts to the Sphagnum phytobiome triggered by warming and elevated CO2 . Under ambient CO2 , warming increased plant-available NH4 -N in surface peat, excess N accumulated in Sphagnum tissue, and N2 fixation activity decreased. Elevated CO2 offset the effects of warming, disrupting the accumulation of N in peat and Sphagnum tissue. Methane concentrations in porewater increased with warming irrespective of CO2 treatment, resulting in a ~10× rise in methanotrophic activity within Sphagnum from the +9°C enclosures. Warming's divergent impacts on diazotrophy and methanotrophy caused these processes to become decoupled at warmer temperatures, as evidenced by declining rates of methane-induced N2 fixation and significant losses of keystone microbial taxa. In addition to changes in the Sphagnum microbiome, we observed ~94% mortality of Sphagnum between the +0°C and +9°C treatments, possibly due to the interactive effects of warming on N-availability and competition from vascular plant species. Collectively, these results highlight the vulnerability of the Sphagnum phytobiome to rising temperatures and atmospheric CO2 concentrations, with significant implications for carbon and nitrogen cycling in boreal peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Petro
- Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alyssa A Carrell
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rachel M Wilson
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Katherine Duchesneau
- Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sekou Noble-Kuchera
- Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tianze Song
- Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Colleen M Iversen
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joanne Childs
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Geoff Schwaner
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Chanton
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Richard J Norby
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Paul J Hanson
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jennifer B Glass
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David J Weston
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joel E Kostka
- Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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16
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Watts JD, Farina M, Kimball JS, Schiferl LD, Liu Z, Arndt KA, Zona D, Ballantyne A, Euskirchen ES, Parmentier FJW, Helbig M, Sonnentag O, Tagesson T, Rinne J, Ikawa H, Ueyama M, Kobayashi H, Sachs T, Nadeau DF, Kochendorfer J, Jackowicz-Korczynski M, Virkkala A, Aurela M, Commane R, Byrne B, Birch L, Johnson MS, Madani N, Rogers B, Du J, Endsley A, Savage K, Poulter B, Zhang Z, Bruhwiler LM, Miller CE, Goetz S, Oechel WC. Carbon uptake in Eurasian boreal forests dominates the high-latitude net ecosystem carbon budget. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1870-1889. [PMID: 36647630 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Arctic-boreal landscapes are experiencing profound warming, along with changes in ecosystem moisture status and disturbance from fire. This region is of global importance in terms of carbon feedbacks to climate, yet the sign (sink or source) and magnitude of the Arctic-boreal carbon budget within recent years remains highly uncertain. Here, we provide new estimates of recent (2003-2015) vegetation gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (Reco ), net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE; Reco - GPP), and terrestrial methane (CH4 ) emissions for the Arctic-boreal zone using a satellite data-driven process-model for northern ecosystems (TCFM-Arctic), calibrated and evaluated using measurements from >60 tower eddy covariance (EC) sites. We used TCFM-Arctic to obtain daily 1-km2 flux estimates and annual carbon budgets for the pan-Arctic-boreal region. Across the domain, the model indicated an overall average NEE sink of -850 Tg CO2 -C year-1 . Eurasian boreal zones, especially those in Siberia, contributed to a majority of the net sink. In contrast, the tundra biome was relatively carbon neutral (ranging from small sink to source). Regional CH4 emissions from tundra and boreal wetlands (not accounting for aquatic CH4 ) were estimated at 35 Tg CH4 -C year-1 . Accounting for additional emissions from open water aquatic bodies and from fire, using available estimates from the literature, reduced the total regional NEE sink by 21% and shifted many far northern tundra landscapes, and some boreal forests, to a net carbon source. This assessment, based on in situ observations and models, improves our understanding of the high-latitude carbon status and also indicates a continued need for integrated site-to-regional assessments to monitor the vulnerability of these ecosystems to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Farina
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - John S Kimball
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG), ISB 415, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Luke D Schiferl
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG), ISB 415, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Kyle A Arndt
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA
- Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Donatella Zona
- Global Change Research Group, Department of Biology, Physical Sciences 240, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ashley Ballantyne
- Global Climate and Ecology Laboratory, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | | | - Frans-Jan W Parmentier
- Department of Geosciences, Center for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Manuel Helbig
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Torbern Tagesson
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Janne Rinne
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hiroki Ikawa
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Hideki Kobayashi
- JAMSTEC-Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Torsten Sachs
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geoscience, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Daniel F Nadeau
- Department of Civil and Water Engineering, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - John Kochendorfer
- NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, Atmospheric and Turbulent Diffusion Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marcin Jackowicz-Korczynski
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anna Virkkala
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mika Aurela
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roisin Commane
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA
| | - Brendan Byrne
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Leah Birch
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew S Johnson
- Biospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
| | - Nima Madani
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Brendan Rogers
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jinyang Du
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG), ISB 415, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Arthur Endsley
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG), ISB 415, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Kathleen Savage
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ben Poulter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Lori M Bruhwiler
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Charles E Miller
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Scott Goetz
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Walter C Oechel
- Global Change Research Group, Department of Biology, Physical Sciences 240, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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17
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Wang W, Liang H, Li F, Su H, Li H, Gao D. Water level of inland saline wetlands with implications for CO 2 and CH 4 fluxes during the autumn freeze-thaw period in Northeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:50125-50133. [PMID: 36790702 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25862-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Zhalong wetland is the largest inland saline wetland in Asia and susceptible to imbalance and frequent flooding during the freeze-thaw period. Changes in water level and temperature can alter the rate of greenhouse gas release from wetlands and have the potential to alter Earth's carbon budget. However, there are few reports on how water level, temperature, and their interactions affect greenhouse gas flux in inland saline wetland during the freeze-thaw period. This study revealed the characteristics of CO2 and CH4 fluxes in Zhalong saline wetlands at different water levels during the autumn freeze-thaw period and clarifies the response of CO2 and CH4 fluxes to water levels. The significance analysis of cumulative CO2 fluxes at different water levels showed that water levels did not have a significant effect on cumulative CO2 release fluxes from wetlands. Water levels, temperature, soil moisture content, soil nitrate, and ammonium nitrogen content and organic carbon content could explain 24.5-98.9% of CO2 and CH4 flux variation. There were significant differences in the average and cumulative CH4 fluxes at different water levels. The higher the water levels, the higher the CH4 fluxes. In short, water level had a significant effect on wetland methane fluxes, but not on carbon dioxide fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Wang
- Centre for Urban Environmental Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 100044, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Liang
- Centre for Urban Environmental Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 100044, Beijing, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Centre for Urban Environmental Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 100044, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Su
- Centre for Urban Environmental Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 100044, Beijing, China
| | - Huiju Li
- Centre for Urban Environmental Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 100044, Beijing, China
| | - Dawen Gao
- Centre for Urban Environmental Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 100044, Beijing, China
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18
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Ueyama M, Knox SH, Delwiche KB, Bansal S, Riley WJ, Baldocchi D, Hirano T, McNicol G, Schafer K, Windham-Myers L, Poulter B, Jackson RB, Chang KY, Chen J, Chu H, Desai AR, Gogo S, Iwata H, Kang M, Mammarella I, Peichl M, Sonnentag O, Tuittila ES, Ryu Y, Euskirchen ES, Göckede M, Jacotot A, Nilsson MB, Sachs T. Modeled production, oxidation, and transport processes of wetland methane emissions in temperate, boreal, and Arctic regions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:2313-2334. [PMID: 36630533 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands are the largest natural source of methane (CH4 ) to the atmosphere. The eddy covariance method provides robust measurements of net ecosystem exchange of CH4 , but interpreting its spatiotemporal variations is challenging due to the co-occurrence of CH4 production, oxidation, and transport dynamics. Here, we estimate these three processes using a data-model fusion approach across 25 wetlands in temperate, boreal, and Arctic regions. Our data-constrained model-iPEACE-reasonably reproduced CH4 emissions at 19 of the 25 sites with normalized root mean square error of 0.59, correlation coefficient of 0.82, and normalized standard deviation of 0.87. Among the three processes, CH4 production appeared to be the most important process, followed by oxidation in explaining inter-site variations in CH4 emissions. Based on a sensitivity analysis, CH4 emissions were generally more sensitive to decreased water table than to increased gross primary productivity or soil temperature. For periods with leaf area index (LAI) of ≥20% of its annual peak, plant-mediated transport appeared to be the major pathway for CH4 transport. Contributions from ebullition and diffusion were relatively high during low LAI (<20%) periods. The lag time between CH4 production and CH4 emissions tended to be short in fen sites (3 ± 2 days) and long in bog sites (13 ± 10 days). Based on a principal component analysis, we found that parameters for CH4 production, plant-mediated transport, and diffusion through water explained 77% of the variance in the parameters across the 19 sites, highlighting the importance of these parameters for predicting wetland CH4 emissions across biomes. These processes and associated parameters for CH4 emissions among and within the wetlands provide useful insights for interpreting observed net CH4 fluxes, estimating sensitivities to biophysical variables, and modeling global CH4 fluxes.
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Grants
- JPMXD1420318865 Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II
- 1936752 Arctic Observatory Program of the National Science Foundation
- 1503912 Arctic Observatory Program of the National Science Foundation
- 1107892 Arctic Observatory Program of the National Science Foundation
- NSF DEB-1026415 Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research Program funded by the National Science Foundation
- DEB-1636476 Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research Program funded by the National Science Foundation
- California Department of Water Resources, CA Fish and Wildlife
- Canada Research Chairs, Canada Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity Fund
- 3119871 ICOS-Finland
- 20K21849 JSPS KAKENHI
- 2022003640002 Ministry of Environment of Korea
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant Programs
- NSF LTREB 2011276 NSF Long-Term Research in Environmental Biology Program
- Reducing Uncertainties in Biogeochemical Interactions through Synthesis and Computation (RUBISCO) Scientific Focus Area, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science
- PJ014892022022 Rural Development Administration
- SNO Tourbières, CNRS-INSU
- DE-AC02-05CH11231 U.S. Department of Energy
- U.S. Geological Survey, Ecosystems Mission Area, Land Change Science Program
- 7544821 US DOE Ameriflux
- Order 224 US Geological Survey, Research Work
- VH-NG-821 Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres
- 341348 Academy of Finland project N-PERM
- 101056921 Horizon Europe project GreenFeedBack
- U.S. Geological Survey, John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis
- U.S. Geological Survey, Water Mission Area, Earth Systems Processes Division
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Ueyama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Sara H Knox
- Department of Geography, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kyle B Delwiche
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Sheel Bansal
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, North Dakota, USA
| | - William J Riley
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Dennis Baldocchi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Takashi Hirano
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Gavin McNicol
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Karina Schafer
- Department of Earth and Env Science, Rutgers University Newark, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Poulter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert B Jackson
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kuang-Yu Chang
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jiquen Chen
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Housen Chu
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Ankur R Desai
- Dept of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sébastien Gogo
- ECOBIO (Écosystèmes, Biodiversité, Évolution), Université Rennes 1, CNRS UMR 6553, Rennes, France
| | - Hiroki Iwata
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Minseok Kang
- National Center for Agro Meteorology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ivan Mammarella
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthias Peichl
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Oliver Sonnentag
- Université de Montréal, Département de géographie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Youngryel Ryu
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eugénie S Euskirchen
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - Mathias Göckede
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Department of Biogeochemical Signals, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Mats B Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Torsten Sachs
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany
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19
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Das I, Chanda A, Akhand A, Hazra S. Carbon Biogeochemistry of the Estuaries Adjoining the Indian Sundarbans Mangrove Ecosystem: A Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040863. [PMID: 37109391 PMCID: PMC10141991 DOI: 10.3390/life13040863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study reviewed the carbon-biogeochemistry-related observations concerning CO2 and CH4 dynamics in the estuaries adjoining the Indian Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem. The review focused on the partial pressure of CO2 and CH4 [pCO2(water) and pCH4(water)] and air-water CO2 and CH4 fluxes and their physical, biogeochemical, and hydrological drivers. The riverine-freshwater-rich Hooghly estuary has always exhibited higher CO2 emissions than the marine-water-dominated Sundarbans estuaries. The mangrove sediment porewater and recirculated groundwater were rich in pCO2(water) and pCH4(water), enhancing their load in the adjacent estuaries. Freshwater-seawater admixing, photosynthetically active radiation, primary productivity, and porewater/groundwater input were the principal factors that regulated pCO2(water) and pCH4(water) and their fluxes. Higher chlorophyll-a concentrations, indicating higher primary production, led to the furnishing of more organic substrates that underwent anaerobic degradation to produce CH4 in the water column. The northern Bay of Bengal seawater had a high carbonate buffering capacity that reduced the pCO2(water) and water-to-air CO2 fluxes in the Sundarbans estuaries. Several authors traced the degradation of organic matter to DIC, mainly following the denitrification pathway (and pathways between aerobic respiration and carbonate dissolution). Overall, this review collated the significant findings on the carbon biogeochemistry of Sundarbans estuaries and discussed the areas that require attention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Das
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Abhra Chanda
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Anirban Akhand
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sugata Hazra
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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20
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Bansal S, Post van der Burg M, Fern RR, Jones JW, Lo R, McKenna OP, Tangen BA, Zhang Z, Gleason RA. Large increases in methane emissions expected from North America's largest wetland complex. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade1112. [PMID: 36857447 PMCID: PMC9977182 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Natural methane (CH4) emissions from aquatic ecosystems may rise because of human-induced climate warming, although the magnitude of increase is highly uncertain. Using an exceptionally large CH4 flux dataset (~19,000 chamber measurements) and remotely sensed information, we modeled plot- and landscape-scale wetland CH4 emissions from the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR), North America's largest wetland complex. Plot-scale CH4 emissions were driven by hydrology, temperature, vegetation, and wetland size. Historically, landscape-scale PPR wetland CH4 emissions were largely dependent on total wetland extent. However, regardless of future wetland extent, PPR CH4 emissions are predicted to increase by two- or threefold by 2100 under moderate or severe warming scenarios, respectively. Our findings suggest that international efforts to decrease atmospheric CH4 concentrations should jointly account for anthropogenic and natural emissions to maintain climate mitigation targets to the end of the century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheel Bansal
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND, USA
| | - Max Post van der Burg
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND, USA
| | - Rachel R. Fern
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND, USA
- Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - John W. Jones
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hydrologic Remote Sensing Branch, Kearneysville, WV, USA
| | - Rachel Lo
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND, USA
| | - Owen P. McKenna
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND, USA
| | - Brian A. Tangen
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Robert A. Gleason
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND, USA
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21
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Männistö E, Ylänne H, Losoi M, Keinänen M, Yli-Pirilä P, Korrensalo A, Bäck J, Hellén H, Virtanen A, Tuittila ES. Emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds from adjacent boreal fen and bog as impacted by vegetation composition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159809. [PMID: 36336039 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Peatland ecosystems emit biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC), which have a net cooling impact on the climate. However, the quality and quantity of BVOC emissions, and how they are regulated by vegetation and peatland type remain poorly understood. Here we measured BVOC emissions with dynamic enclosures from two major boreal peatland types, a minerotrophic fen and an ombrotrophic bog situated in Siikaneva, southern Finland and experimentally assessed the role of vegetation by removing vascular vegetation with or without the moss layer. Our measurements from four campaigns during growing seasons in 2017 and 2018 identified emissions of 59 compounds from nine different chemical groups. Isoprene accounted for 81 % of BVOC emissions. Measurements also revealed uptake of dichloromethane. Total BVOC emissions and the emissions of isoprene, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenes, homoterpenes, and green leaf volatiles were tightly connected to vascular plants. Isoprene and sesquiterpene emissions were associated with sedges, whereas monoterpenoids and homoterpenes were associated with shrubs. Additionally, isoprene and alkane emissions were higher in the fen than in the bog and they significantly contributed to the higher BVOC emissions from intact vegetation in the fen. During an extreme drought event in 2018, emissions of organic halides were absent. Our results indicate that climate change with an increase in shrub cover and increased frequency of extreme weather events may have a negative impact on total BVOC emissions that otherwise are predicted to increase in warmer temperatures. However, these changes also accompanied a change in BVOC emission quality. As different compounds differ in their capacity to form secondary organic aerosols, the ultimate climate impact of peatland BVOC emissions may be altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Männistö
- Peatland and Soil Ecology Research Group, School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Henni Ylänne
- Peatland and Soil Ecology Research Group, School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland; Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mari Losoi
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Keinänen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Pasi Yli-Pirilä
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aino Korrensalo
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland; Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Yliopistokatu 6B, 80100 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Jaana Bäck
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heidi Hellén
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, PL 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annele Virtanen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eeva-Stiina Tuittila
- Peatland and Soil Ecology Research Group, School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
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22
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Li J, Pei J, Fang C, Li B, Nie M. Opposing seasonal temperature dependencies of CO 2 and CH 4 emissions from wetlands. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1133-1143. [PMID: 36385719 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands are critically important to global climate change because of their role in modulating the release of atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs) carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and methane (CH4 ). Temperature plays a crucial role in wetland GHG emissions, while the general pattern for seasonal temperature dependencies of wetland CO2 and CH4 emissions is poorly understood. Here we show opposite seasonal temperature dependencies of CO2 and CH4 emissions by using 36,663 daily observations of simultaneous measurements of ecosystem-scale CO2 and CH4 emissions in 42 widely distributed wetlands from the FLUXNET-CH4 database. Specifically, the temperature dependence of CO2 emissions decreased with increasing monthly mean temperature, but the opposite was true for that of CH4 emissions. Neglecting seasonal temperature dependencies may overestimate wetland CO2 and CH4 emissions compared to the use of a year-based static and consistent temperature dependence parameter when only considering temperature effects. Our findings highlight the importance of incorporating the remarkable seasonality in temperature dependence into process-based biogeochemical models to predict feedbacks of wetland GHG emissions to climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junmin Pei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changming Fang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ming Nie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Björk M, Rosenqvist G, Gröndahl F, Bonaglia S. Methane emissions from macrophyte beach wrack on Baltic seashores. AMBIO 2023; 52:171-181. [PMID: 36029461 PMCID: PMC9666566 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Beach wrack of marine macrophytes is a natural component of many beaches. To test if such wrack emits the potent greenhouse gas methane, field measurements were made at different seasons on beach wrack depositions of different ages, exposure, and distance from the water. Methane emissions varied greatly, from 0 to 176 mg CH4-C m-2 day-1, with a clear positive correlation between emission and temperature. Dry wrack had lower emissions than wet. Using temperature data from 2016 to 2020, seasonal changes in fluxes were calculated for a natural wrack accumulation area. Such calculated average emissions were close to zero during winter, but peaked in summer, with very high emissions when daily temperatures exceeded 20 °C. We conclude that waterlogged beach wrack significantly contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and that emissions might drastically increase with increasing global temperatures. When beach wrack is collected into heaps away from the water, the emissions are however close to zero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Björk
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Rosenqvist
- Blue Centre Gotland, Uppsala University-Campus Gotland, 621 67 Visby, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Gröndahl
- KTH, Royale Institute of Technology, KTH Teknikringen 10B, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefano Bonaglia
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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24
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Biotic and Abiotic Control Over Diurnal CH4 Fluxes in a Temperate Transitional Poor Fen Ecosystem. Ecosystems 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-022-00809-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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25
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Dyukarev EA, Sabrekov AF, Glagolev MV, Kiselev MV, Filippov IV, Dmitrichenko AA, Lapshina ED. Emission and Uptake of Greenhouse Gases by Peatland Ecosystems of the Licensed Areas of Salym Oilfield in the Nefteyugansk District of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. CONTEMP PROBL ECOL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995425522060075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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26
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Kwon MJ, Ballantyne A, Ciais P, Qiu C, Salmon E, Raoult N, Guenet B, Göckede M, Euskirchen ES, Nykänen H, Schuur EAG, Turetsky MR, Dieleman CM, Kane ES, Zona D. Lowering water table reduces carbon sink strength and carbon stocks in northern peatlands. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:6752-6770. [PMID: 36039832 PMCID: PMC9805217 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands at high latitudes have accumulated >400 Pg carbon (C) because saturated soil and cold temperatures suppress C decomposition. This substantial amount of C in Arctic and Boreal peatlands is potentially subject to increased decomposition if the water table (WT) decreases due to climate change, including permafrost thaw-related drying. Here, we optimize a version of the Organizing Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems model (ORCHIDEE-PCH4) using site-specific observations to investigate changes in CO2 and CH4 fluxes as well as C stock responses to an experimentally manipulated decrease of WT at six northern peatlands. The unmanipulated control peatlands, with the WT <20 cm on average (seasonal max up to 45 cm) below the surface, currently act as C sinks in most years (58 ± 34 g C m-2 year-1 ; including 6 ± 7 g C-CH4 m-2 year-1 emission). We found, however, that lowering the WT by 10 cm reduced the CO2 sink by 13 ± 15 g C m-2 year-1 and decreased CH4 emission by 4 ± 4 g CH4 m-2 year-1 , thus accumulating less C over 100 years (0.2 ± 0.2 kg C m-2 ). Yet, the reduced emission of CH4 , which has a larger greenhouse warming potential, resulted in a net decrease in greenhouse gas balance by 310 ± 360 g CO2-eq m-2 year-1 . Peatlands with the initial WT close to the soil surface were more vulnerable to C loss: Non-permafrost peatlands lost >2 kg C m-2 over 100 years when WT is lowered by 50 cm, while permafrost peatlands temporally switched from C sinks to sources. These results highlight that reductions in C storage capacity in response to drying of northern peatlands are offset in part by reduced CH4 emissions, thus slightly reducing the positive carbon climate feedbacks of peatlands under a warmer and drier future climate scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Kwon
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'EnvironnementCEA‐CNRS‐UVSQGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
- Institute of Soil ScienceUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Ashley Ballantyne
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'EnvironnementCEA‐CNRS‐UVSQGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation ScienceUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontanaUSA
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'EnvironnementCEA‐CNRS‐UVSQGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Chunjing Qiu
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'EnvironnementCEA‐CNRS‐UVSQGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris‐SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Elodie Salmon
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'EnvironnementCEA‐CNRS‐UVSQGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Nina Raoult
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'EnvironnementCEA‐CNRS‐UVSQGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Bertrand Guenet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'EnvironnementCEA‐CNRS‐UVSQGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
- Laboratoire de Géologie, Ecole Normale SupérieureCNRS, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Mathias Göckede
- Systems DepartmentMax Planck Institute for BiogeochemistryJenaGermany
| | | | - Hannu Nykänen
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Edward A. G. Schuur
- College of the Environment, Forestry, and Natural SciencesNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizonaUSA
| | - Merritt R. Turetsky
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine ResearchUniversity of ColoradoBoulderColoradoUSA
| | | | - Evan S. Kane
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental ScienceMichigan Technological UniversityHoughtonMichiganUSA
- USDA Forest Service Northern Research StationHoughtonMichiganUSA
| | - Donatella Zona
- Department of Animal and Plant ScienceUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Department of BiologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
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27
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Li D, Bao Q, Zhao M, Xia F, Wang X. Methane dynamics in the Hailuogou Glacier forefield, Southwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113767. [PMID: 35772502 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soils in glacier forefields have a significant capacity for atmospheric CH4 uptake, but this pattern could be changed by high soil water content (SWC). The Hailuogou Glacier in SW China is a typical temperate monsoon glacier on siliceous bedrock, where a forefield soil chronosequence has developed with progressive glacier recession. To understand CH4 dynamics and their potential regulatory factors, we measured the concentrations and stable carbon (C) isotope compositions of CH4 and CO2, soil physicochemical properties, and perfromed a high-throughput sequencing. Among nine sampling sites, soil CH4 concentrations of six sites were below atmospheric levels and δ13C-CH4 values were similar to atmospheric levels. The average value was approximately -48.6‰ and without obvious fractionation. The soil CH4 concentrations exceeded atmospheric levels for the remaining three sites, and the δ13C-CH4 values were more enriched with increasing soil CH4 concentration. We calculated the soil-atmosphere CH4 flux (Jatm) using the concentration gradient method based on the soil CH4 concentration, sampling depth, and soil porosity. Jatm ranges from -0.08 to -0.52 mg m-2 d-1, acting as an atmospheric CH4 sink. It also shows that the correlation with soil exposure age or vegetation succession was insignificant. But the CH4 emission shows a larger variation changing from 0.05 to 1.8 mg m-2 d-1, which could result from local CH4 production differences catalyzed by aceticlastic methanogens. The results showed that not all sites acted as a net CH4 sink. SWC may have an important influence on CH4 dynamics in the Hailuogou Glacier forefield (HGF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, Guiyang 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, Guiyang 550081, China; Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest China of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, Guiyang 550081, China.
| | - Fan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, Guiyang 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, Guiyang 550081, China
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28
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Richardson CJ, Flanagan NE, Wang H, Ho M. Annual carbon sequestration and loss rates under altered hydrology and fire regimes in southeastern USA pocosin peatlands. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:6370-6384. [PMID: 36054687 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands drained for agriculture or forestry are susceptible to the rapid release of greenhouse gases (GHGs) through enhanced microbial decomposition and increased frequency of deep peat fires. We present evidence that rewetting drained subtropical wooded peatlands (STWPs) along the southeastern USA coast, primarily pocosin bogs, could prevent significant carbon (C) losses. To quantify GHG emissions and storage from drained and rewetted pocosin we used eddy covariance techniques, the first such estimates that have been applied to this major bog type, on a private drained (PD) site supplemented by static chamber measurements at PD and Pocosin Lakes National Wildlife Refuge. Net ecosystem exchange measurements showed that the loss was 21.2 Mg CO2 ha-1 year-1 (1 Mg = 106 g) in the drained pocosin. Under a rewetted scenario, where the annual mean water table depth (WTD) decreased from 60 to 30 cm, the C loss was projected to fall to 2 Mg CO2 ha-1 year-1 , a 94% reduction. If the WTD was 20 cm, the peatlands became a net carbon sink (-3.3 Mg CO2 ha-1 year-1 ). Hence, net C reductions could reach 24.5 Mg CO2 ha-1 year-1 , and when scaled up to the 4000 ha PD site nearly 100,000 Mg CO2 year-1 of creditable C could be amassed. We conservatively estimate among the 0.75 million ha of southeastern STWPs, between 450 and 770 km2 could be rewet, reducing annual GHG emissions by 0.96-1.6 Tg (1 Tg = 1012 g) of CO2 , through suppressed microbial decomposition and 1.7-2.8 Tg via fire prevention, respectively. Despite covering <0.01% of US land area, rewetting drained pocosin can potentially provide 2.4% of the annual CO2 nationwide reduction target of 0.18 Pg (1 Pg = 1015 g). Suggesting pocosin restoration can contribute disproportionately to the US goal of achieving net-zero emission by 2050.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis J Richardson
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University Wetland Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Neal E Flanagan
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University Wetland Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University Wetland Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mengchi Ho
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University Wetland Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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29
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Laine AM, Korrensalo A, Tuittila ES. Plant functional traits play the second fiddle to plant functional types in explaining peatland CO 2 and CH 4 gas exchange. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155352. [PMID: 35460776 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands constitute a significant soil carbon (C) store, yet the C gas flux components show distinct spatial variation both between and within peatlands. Determining the controls on this variability could aid in our understanding of the response of peatlands to global changes. In this study, we assess the usefulness of different vegetation related parameters to explain spatial variation in peatland C gas flux components. We hypothesise that spatial variation is best explained by trait-based indices (similarly to other terrestrial ecosystems), and that the impact of soil physicochemical properties, such as nitrogen (N) content or water level, can be manifested through the traits. Furthermore, we expect that the spatial variability associated with each of the C gas flux components can be explained by a distinct set of traits. To address our aim, we used a successional peatland chronosequence from wet meadows to a bog, along which all variables were recorded with similar methods and under similar climatic conditions. We observed spatial variability with all measured gas fluxes, with carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes showing significant variability between sites, while within site variability was more important for methane (CH4) fluxes. As expected, our results show that the impacts of physicochemical conditions were directed via vegetation. However, the cover of functional plant types that capture multiple traits proved to be more powerful in explaining gas flux variability compared to functional trait-based indices. Our findings imply that for future gas flux modelling purposes, rather than attempting to use individual traits - as is the ongoing trend in ecology - it might be more useful to refine plant functional groupings and ensure they are based on a set of plant traits relevant for the studied ecosystem process. This could be facilitated by the collation of a large data set of traits measured from peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Laine
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland; Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014, Finland; Geological Survey of Finland, P.O Box 1237, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland(1).
| | - Aino Korrensalo
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland; Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Yliopistokatu 6 B, FI-80100 Joensuu, Finland; Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eeva-Stiina Tuittila
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
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30
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Mathijssen PJH, Tuovinen JP, Lohila A, Väliranta M, Tuittila ES. Identifying main uncertainties in estimating past and present radiative forcing of peatlands. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:4069-4084. [PMID: 35377520 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reconstructions of past climate impact, that is, radiative forcing (RF), of peatland carbon (C) dynamics show that immediately after peatland initiation the climate warming effect of CH4 emissions exceeds the cooling effect of CO2 uptake, but thereafter the net effect of most peatlands will move toward cooling, when RF switches from positive to negative. Reconstructing peatland C dynamics necessarily involves uncertainties related to basic assumptions on past CO2 flux, CH4 emission and peatland expansion. We investigated the effect of these uncertainties on the RF of three peatlands, using either apparent C accumulation rates, net C balance (NCB) or NCB plus C loss during fires as basis for CO2 uptake estimate; applying a plausible range for CH4 emission; and assuming linearly interpolated expansion between basal dates or comparatively early or late expansion. When we factored that some C would only be stored temporarily (NCB and NCB+fire), the estimated past cooling effect of CO2 uptake increased, but the present-day RF was affected little. Altering the assumptions behind the reconstructed CO2 flux or expansion patterns caused the RF to peak earlier and advanced the switch from positive to negative RF by several thousand years. Compared with NCB, including fires had only small additional effect on RF lasting less than 1000 year. The largest uncertainty in reconstructing peatland RF was associated with CH4 emissions. As shown by the consistently positive RF modelled for one site, and in some cases for the other two, peatlands with high CH4 emissions and low C accumulation rates may have remained climate warming agents since their initiation. Although uncertainties in present-day RF were mainly due to the assumed CH4 emission rates, the uncertainty in lateral expansion still had a significant effect on the present-day RF, highlighting the importance to consider uncertainties in the past peatland C balance in RF reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J H Mathijssen
- Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry Group, Institute for Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Juha-Pekka Tuovinen
- Climate Change Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annalea Lohila
- Climate Change Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Väliranta
- Environmental Change Research Unit, Ecosystems, Environment Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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31
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Extremely wet summer events enhance permafrost thaw for multiple years in Siberian tundra. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1556. [PMID: 35322039 PMCID: PMC8943195 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Permafrost thaw can accelerate climate warming by releasing carbon from previously frozen soil in the form of greenhouse gases. Rainfall extremes have been proposed to increase permafrost thaw, but the magnitude and duration of this effect are poorly understood. Here we present empirical evidence showing that one extremely wet summer (+100 mm; 120% increase relative to average June-August rainfall) enhanced thaw depth by up to 35% in a controlled irrigation experiment in an ice-rich Siberian tundra site. The effect persisted over two subsequent summers, demonstrating a carry-over effect of extremely wet summers. Using soil thermal hydrological modelling, we show that rainfall extremes delayed autumn freeze-up and rainfall-induced increases in thaw were most pronounced for warm summers with mid-summer precipitation rainfall extremes. Our results suggest that, with rainfall and temperature both increasing in the Arctic, permafrost will likely degrade and disappear faster than is currently anticipated based on rising air temperatures alone.
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32
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Mander Ü, Krasnova A, Schindler T, Megonigal JP, Escuer-Gatius J, Espenberg M, Machacova K, Maddison M, Pärn J, Ranniku R, Pihlatie M, Kasak K, Niinemets Ü, Soosaar K. Long-term dynamics of soil, tree stem and ecosystem methane fluxes in a riparian forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:151723. [PMID: 34801507 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The carbon (C) budgets of riparian forests are sensitive to climatic variability. Therefore, riparian forests are hot spots of C cycling in landscapes. Only a limited number of studies on continuous measurements of methane (CH4) fluxes from riparian forests is available. Here, we report continuous high-frequency soil and ecosystem (eddy-covariance; EC) measurements of CH4 fluxes with a quantum cascade laser absorption spectrometer for a 2.5-year period and measurements of CH4 fluxes from tree stems using manual chambers for a 1.5 year period from a temperate riparian Alnus incana forest. The results demonstrate that the riparian forest is a minor net annual sink of CH4 consuming 0.24 kg CH4-C ha-1 y-1. Soil water content is the most important determinant of soil, stem, and EC fluxes, followed by soil temperature. There were significant differences in CH4 fluxes between the wet and dry periods. During the wet period, 83% of CH4 was emitted from the tree stems while the ecosystem-level emission was equal to the sum of soil and stem emissions. During the dry period, CH4 was substantially consumed in the soil whereas stem emissions were very low. A significant difference between the EC fluxes and the sum of soil and stem fluxes during the dry period is most likely caused by emission from the canopy whereas at the ecosystem level the forest was a clear CH4 sink. Our results together with past measurements of CH4 fluxes in other riparian forests suggest that temperate riparian forests can be long-term CH4 sinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ülo Mander
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Ecosystem Trace Gas Exchange, Belidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Alisa Krasnova
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia; Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Thomas Schindler
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Ecosystem Trace Gas Exchange, Belidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - J Patrick Megonigal
- Smithsonian Environmental Institute, 647 Contees Wharf Road Edgewater, MD 21037-0028, USA
| | - Jordi Escuer-Gatius
- Institute of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mikk Espenberg
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Katerina Machacova
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Ecosystem Trace Gas Exchange, Belidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Maddison
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaan Pärn
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Reti Ranniku
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mari Pihlatie
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Environmental Soil Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) / Forest Science, University of Helsinki, Physicum, Kumpula campus, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, 00560 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 2a, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kuno Kasak
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kaido Soosaar
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Ecosystem Trace Gas Exchange, Belidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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33
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Comparing GHG Emissions from Drained Oil Palm and Recovering Tropical Peatland Forests in Malaysia. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13233372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For agricultural purposes, the drainage and deforestation of Southeast Asian peatland resulted in high greenhouse gases’ (GHGs, e.g., CO2, N2O and CH4) emission. A peatland regenerating initiative, by rewetting and vegetation restoration, reflects evidence of subsequent forest recovery. In this study, we compared GHG emissions from three Malaysian tropical peatland systems under the following different land-use conditions: (i) drained oil palm plantation (OP), (ii) rewetting-restored forest (RF) and (iii) undrained natural forest (NF). Biweekly temporal measurements of CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes were conducted using a closed-chamber method from July 2017 to December 2018, along with the continuous measurement of environmental variables and a one-time measurement of the soil physicochemical properties. The biweekly emission data were integrated to provide cumulative fluxes using the trapezoidal rule. Our results indicated that the changes in environmental conditions resulting from draining (OP) or rewetting historically drained peatland (RF) affected CH4 and N2O emissions more than CO2 emissions. The cumulative CH4 emission was significantly higher in the forested sites (RF and NF), which was linked to their significantly higher water table (WT) level (p < 0.05). Similarly, the high cumulative CO2 emission trends at the RF and OP sites indicated that the RF rewetting-restored peatland system continued to have high decomposition rates despite having a significantly higher WT than the OP (p < 0.05). The highest cumulative N2O emission at the drained-fertilized OP and rewetting-restored RF sites was linked to the available substrates for high decomposition (low C/N ratio) together with soil organic matter mineralization that provided inorganic nitrogen (N), enabling ideal conditions for microbial mediated N2O emissions. Overall, the measured peat properties did not vary significantly among the different land uses. However, the lower C/N ratio at the OP and the RF sites indicated higher decomposition rates in the drained and historically drained peat than the undrained natural peat (NF), which was associated with high cumulative CO2 and N2O emissions in our study.
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Gondwe MJ, Helfter C, Murray-Hudson M, Levy PE, Mosimanyana E, Makati A, Mfundisi KB, Skiba UM. Methane flux measurements along a floodplain soil moisture gradient in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2021; 379:20200448. [PMID: 34565229 PMCID: PMC8754158 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Data-poor tropical wetlands constitute an important source of atmospheric CH4 in the world. We studied CH4 fluxes using closed chambers along a soil moisture gradient in a tropical seasonal swamp in the Okavango Delta, Botswana, the sixth largest tropical wetland in the world. The objective of the study was to assess net CH4 fluxes and controlling environmental factors in the Delta's seasonal floodplains. Net CH4 emissions from seasonal floodplains in the wetland were estimated at 0.072 ± 0.016 Tg a-1. Microbial CH4 oxidation of approximately 2.817 × 10-3 ± 0.307 × 10-3 Tg a-1 in adjacent dry soils of the occasional floodplains accounted for the sink of 4% of the total soil CH4 emissions from seasonal floodplains. The observed microbial CH4 sink in the Delta's dry soils is, therefore, comparable to the global average sink of 4-6%. Soil water content (SWC) and soil organic matter were the main environmental factors controlling CH4 fluxes in both the seasonal and occasional floodplains. The optimum SWC for soil CH4 emissions and oxidation in the Delta were estimated at 50% and 15%, respectively. Electrical conductivity and pH were poorly correlated (r2 ≤ 0.11, p < 0.05) with CH4 fluxes in the seasonal floodplain at Nxaraga. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Rising methane: is warming feeding warming? (part1)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Gondwe
- Okavango Research Institute, University of Botswana, P/Bag 285, Maun, Botswana
| | - C. Helfter
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Atmospheric Chemistry and Effects, Bush Estate, Penicuik EH26 0QB, UK
| | - M. Murray-Hudson
- Okavango Research Institute, University of Botswana, P/Bag 285, Maun, Botswana
| | - P. E. Levy
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Atmospheric Chemistry and Effects, Bush Estate, Penicuik EH26 0QB, UK
| | - E. Mosimanyana
- Okavango Research Institute, University of Botswana, P/Bag 285, Maun, Botswana
| | - A. Makati
- Okavango Research Institute, University of Botswana, P/Bag 285, Maun, Botswana
| | - K. B. Mfundisi
- Okavango Research Institute, University of Botswana, P/Bag 285, Maun, Botswana
| | - U. M. Skiba
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Atmospheric Chemistry and Effects, Bush Estate, Penicuik EH26 0QB, UK
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35
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Wilmoth JL, Schaefer JK, Schlesinger DR, Roth SW, Hatcher PG, Shoemaker JK, Zhang X. The role of oxygen in stimulating methane production in wetlands. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:5831-5847. [PMID: 34409684 PMCID: PMC9291790 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Methane (CH4 ), a potent greenhouse gas, is the second most important greenhouse gas contributor to climate change after carbon dioxide (CO2 ). The biological emissions of CH4 from wetlands are a major uncertainty in CH4 budgets. Microbial methanogenesis by Archaea is an anaerobic process accounting for most biological CH4 production in nature, yet recent observations indicate that large emissions can originate from oxygenated or frequently oxygenated wetland soil layers. To determine how oxygen (O2 ) can stimulate CH4 emissions, we used incubations of Sphagnum peat to demonstrate that the temporary exposure of peat to O2 can increase CH4 yields up to 2000-fold during subsequent anoxic conditions relative to peat without O2 exposure. Geochemical (including ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, X-ray absorbance spectroscopy) and microbiome (16S rDNA amplicons, metagenomics) analyses of peat showed that higher CH4 yields of redox-oscillated peat were due to functional shifts in the peat microbiome arising during redox oscillation that enhanced peat carbon (C) degradation. Novosphingobium species with O2 -dependent aromatic oxygenase genes increased greatly in relative abundance during the oxygenation period in redox-oscillated peat compared to anoxic controls. Acidobacteria species were particularly important for anaerobic processing of peat C, including in the production of methanogenic substrates H2 and CO2 . Higher CO2 production during the anoxic phase of redox-oscillated peat stimulated hydrogenotrophic CH4 production by Methanobacterium species. The persistence of reduced iron (Fe(II)) during prolonged oxygenation in redox-oscillated peat may further enhance C degradation through abiotic mechanisms (e.g., Fenton reactions). The results indicate that specific functional shifts in the peat microbiome underlie O2 enhancement of CH4 production in acidic, Sphagnum-rich wetland soils. They also imply that understanding microbial dynamics spanning temporal and spatial redox transitions in peatlands is critical for constraining CH4 budgets; predicting feedbacks between climate change, hydrologic variability, and wetland CH4 emissions; and guiding wetland C management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared L. Wilmoth
- High Meadows Environmental InstitutePrinceton UniversityPrincetonNJUSA
| | - Jeffra K. Schaefer
- Department of Environmental SciencesRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | | | - Spencer W. Roth
- Department of Environmental SciencesRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | | | - Julie K. Shoemaker
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryOld Dominion UniversityNorfolkVAUSA
| | - Xinning Zhang
- High Meadows Environmental InstitutePrinceton UniversityPrincetonNJUSA
- Department of GeosciencesPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNJUSA
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36
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Krause L, McCullough KJ, Kane ES, Kolka RK, Chimner RA, Lilleskov EA. Impacts of historical ditching on peat volume and carbon in northern Minnesota USA peatlands. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 296:113090. [PMID: 34256296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands play a critical role in terrestrial carbon (C) storage, containing an estimated 30% of global soil C, despite occupying only 3% of global land area. Historic management of peatlands has led to widespread degradation and loss of important ecosystem services, including C sequestration. Legacy drainage features in the peatlands of northern Minnesota, USA were studied to assess the volume of peat and the amount of C lost in the ~100 years since drainage. Using high-resolution Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data, we measured elevation changes adjacent to legacy ditches to model pre-ditch surface elevations, which were used to calculate peat volume loss. We established relationships between volume loss and site characteristics from existing geographic information systems datasets and used those relationships to scale volume loss to all mapped peatland ditches in northern Minnesota (USA). We estimated that 0.165 ± 0.009 km3 of peat have been lost along almost 4000 km of peatland ditches. Peat loss upslope of ditches was significantly less than downslope (P < 0.001). Mean width of the entire ditch-effect zone was 333 ± 8.32 m. Using our volume loss estimates, literature estimates of oxidation, and mean bulk density and peat C% values from Minnesota peatlands, we calculate a total historic loss 3.847 ± 0.364 Tg C. Assuming a constant oxidation rate during the 100 years since drainage, euic and dysic peatlands within the ditch effect zone have lost 0.26 ± 0.08 and 0.40 ± 0.13 Mg C ha-1 yr-1, respectively, comparable to IPCC estimates. Our spatially-explicit peat loss estimates could be incorporated into decision support tools to inform management decisions regarding peatland C and other ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Krause
- Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA.
| | - Kevin J McCullough
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI, 53726, USA.
| | - Evan S Kane
- Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA; USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 410 MacInnes Dr., Houghton, MI, 49931, USA.
| | - Randall K Kolka
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 1831 Hwy 169 E., Grand Rapids, MN, 55744, USA.
| | - Rodney A Chimner
- Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Erik A Lilleskov
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 410 MacInnes Dr., Houghton, MI, 49931, USA.
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37
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Johnson OF, Panda A, Lishawa SC, Lawrence BA. Repeated large-scale mechanical treatment of invasive Typha under increasing water levels promotes floating mat formation and wetland methane emissions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 790:147920. [PMID: 34380259 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Invasive species management typically aims to promote diversity and wildlife habitat, but little is known about how management techniques affect wetland carbon (C) dynamics. Since wetland C uptake is largely influenced by water levels and highly productive plants, the interplay of hydrologic extremes and invasive species is fundamental to understanding and managing these ecosystems. During a period of rapid water level rise in the Laurentian Great Lakes, we tested how mechanical treatment of invasive plant Typha × glauca shifts plant-mediated wetland C metrics. From 2015 to 2017, we implemented large-scale treatment plots (0.36-ha) of harvest (i.e., cut above water surface, removed biomass twice a season), crush (i.e., ran over biomass once mid-season with a tracked vehicle), and Typha-dominated controls. Treated Typha regrew with approximately half as much biomass as unmanipulated controls each year, and Typha production in control stands increased from 500 to 1500 g-dry mass m-2 yr-1 with rising water levels (~10 to 75 cm) across five years. Harvested stands had total in-situ methane (CH4) flux rates twice as high as in controls, and this increase was likely via transport through cut stems because crushing did not change total CH4 flux. In 2018, one year after final treatment implementation, crushed stands had greater surface water diffusive CH4 flux rates than controls (measured using dissolved gas in water), likely due to anaerobic decomposition of flattened biomass. Legacy effects of treatments were evident in 2019; floating Typha mats were present only in harvested and crushed stands, with higher frequency in deeper water and a positive correlation with surface water diffusive CH4 flux. Our study demonstrates that two mechanical treatments have differential effects on Typha structure and consequent wetland CH4 emissions, suggesting that C-based responses and multi-year monitoring in variable water conditions are necessary to accurately assess how management impacts ecological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia F Johnson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401, USA; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, 1376 Storrs Road Unit 4087, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Abha Panda
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, 440 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shane C Lishawa
- School of Environmental Sustainability, Loyola University Chicago, 6349 N Kenmore Ave, Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - Beth A Lawrence
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, 1376 Storrs Road Unit 4087, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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38
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Zhang H, Tuittila ES, Korrensalo A, Laine AM, Uljas S, Welti N, Kerttula J, Maljanen M, Elliott D, Vesala T, Lohila A. Methane production and oxidation potentials along a fen-bog gradient from southern boreal to subarctic peatlands in Finland. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:4449-4464. [PMID: 34091981 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Methane (CH4 ) emissions from northern peatlands are projected to increase due to climate change, primarily because of projected increases in soil temperature. Yet, the rates and temperature responses of the two CH4 emission-related microbial processes (CH4 production by methanogens and oxidation by methanotrophs) are poorly known. Further, peatland sites within a fen-bog gradient are known to differ in the variables that regulate these two mechanisms, yet the interaction between peatland type and temperature lacks quantitative understanding. Here, we investigated potential CH4 production and oxidation rates for 14 peatlands in Finland located between c. 60 and 70°N latitude, representing bogs, poor fens, and rich fens. Potentials were measured at three different temperatures (5, 17.5, and 30℃) using the laboratory incubation method. We linked CH4 production and oxidation patterns to their methanogen and methanotroph abundance, peat properties, and plant functional types. We found that the rich fen-bog gradient-related nutrient availability and methanogen abundance increased the temperature response of CH4 production, with rich fens exhibiting the greatest production potentials. Oxidation potential showed a steeper temperature response than production, which was explained by aerenchymous plant cover, peat water holding capacity, peat nitrogen, and sulfate content. The steeper temperature response of oxidation suggests that, at higher temperatures, CH4 oxidation might balance increased CH4 production. Predicting net CH4 fluxes as an outcome of the two mechanisms is complicated due to their different controls and temperature responses. The lack of correlation between field CH4 fluxes and production/oxidation potentials, and the positive correlation with aerenchymous plants points toward the essential role of CH4 transport for emissions. The scenario of drying peatlands under climate change, which is likely to promote Sphagnum establishment over brown mosses in many places, will potentially reduce the predicted warming-related increase in CH4 emissions by shifting rich fens to Sphagnum-dominated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Aino Korrensalo
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Anna M Laine
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Geological Survey of Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Salli Uljas
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Nina Welti
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna Kerttula
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marja Maljanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - David Elliott
- Environmental Sustainability Research Centre, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Timo Vesala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Yugra State University, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia
| | - Annalea Lohila
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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39
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Knox SH, Bansal S, McNicol G, Schafer K, Sturtevant C, Ueyama M, Valach AC, Baldocchi D, Delwiche K, Desai AR, Euskirchen E, Liu J, Lohila A, Malhotra A, Melling L, Riley W, Runkle BRK, Turner J, Vargas R, Zhu Q, Alto T, Fluet-Chouinard E, Goeckede M, Melton JR, Sonnentag O, Vesala T, Ward E, Zhang Z, Feron S, Ouyang Z, Alekseychik P, Aurela M, Bohrer G, Campbell DI, Chen J, Chu H, Dalmagro HJ, Goodrich JP, Gottschalk P, Hirano T, Iwata H, Jurasinski G, Kang M, Koebsch F, Mammarella I, Nilsson MB, Ono K, Peichl M, Peltola O, Ryu Y, Sachs T, Sakabe A, Sparks JP, Tuittila ES, Vourlitis GL, Wong GX, Windham-Myers L, Poulter B, Jackson RB. Identifying dominant environmental predictors of freshwater wetland methane fluxes across diurnal to seasonal time scales. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:3582-3604. [PMID: 33914985 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While wetlands are the largest natural source of methane (CH4 ) to the atmosphere, they represent a large source of uncertainty in the global CH4 budget due to the complex biogeochemical controls on CH4 dynamics. Here we present, to our knowledge, the first multi-site synthesis of how predictors of CH4 fluxes (FCH4) in freshwater wetlands vary across wetland types at diel, multiday (synoptic), and seasonal time scales. We used several statistical approaches (correlation analysis, generalized additive modeling, mutual information, and random forests) in a wavelet-based multi-resolution framework to assess the importance of environmental predictors, nonlinearities and lags on FCH4 across 23 eddy covariance sites. Seasonally, soil and air temperature were dominant predictors of FCH4 at sites with smaller seasonal variation in water table depth (WTD). In contrast, WTD was the dominant predictor for wetlands with smaller variations in temperature (e.g., seasonal tropical/subtropical wetlands). Changes in seasonal FCH4 lagged fluctuations in WTD by ~17 ± 11 days, and lagged air and soil temperature by median values of 8 ± 16 and 5 ± 15 days, respectively. Temperature and WTD were also dominant predictors at the multiday scale. Atmospheric pressure (PA) was another important multiday scale predictor for peat-dominated sites, with drops in PA coinciding with synchronous releases of CH4 . At the diel scale, synchronous relationships with latent heat flux and vapor pressure deficit suggest that physical processes controlling evaporation and boundary layer mixing exert similar controls on CH4 volatilization, and suggest the influence of pressurized ventilation in aerenchymatous vegetation. In addition, 1- to 4-h lagged relationships with ecosystem photosynthesis indicate recent carbon substrates, such as root exudates, may also control FCH4. By addressing issues of scale, asynchrony, and nonlinearity, this work improves understanding of the predictors and timing of wetland FCH4 that can inform future studies and models, and help constrain wetland CH4 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara H Knox
- Department of Geography, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sheel Bansal
- Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Jamestown, ND, USA
| | - Gavin McNicol
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karina Schafer
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Rutgers University Newark, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Cove Sturtevant
- National Ecological Observatory Network, Battelle, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Masahito Ueyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Alex C Valach
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Dennis Baldocchi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kyle Delwiche
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ankur R Desai
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Eugenie Euskirchen
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Jinxun Liu
- Western Geographic Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Annalea Lohila
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Avni Malhotra
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lulie Melling
- Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - William Riley
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin R K Runkle
- Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Jessica Turner
- Freshwater and Marine Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Qing Zhu
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tuula Alto
- Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Mathias Goeckede
- Department of Biogeochemical Signals, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Joe R Melton
- Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Oliver Sonnentag
- Département de Géographie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Timo Vesala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Yugra State University, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia
| | - Eric Ward
- Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Lafayette, LA, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Feron
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Santiago, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Zutao Ouyang
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Mika Aurela
- Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gil Bohrer
- Department of Civil, Environmental & Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Jiquan Chen
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, & Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Housen Chu
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Pia Gottschalk
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Takashi Hirano
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwata
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | | | - Minseok Kang
- National Center for Agro Meteorology, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Ivan Mammarella
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mats B Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Keisuke Ono
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Matthias Peichl
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Olli Peltola
- Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Youngryel Ryu
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Torsten Sachs
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Jed P Sparks
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Guan X Wong
- Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | | | - Benjamin Poulter
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Robert B Jackson
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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40
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Greenhouse Gas Balance of Sphagnum Farming on Highly Decomposed Peat at Former Peat Extraction Sites. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00659-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFor two years, we quantified the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) at two different large-scale Sphagnum farming sites. At both, peat extraction left a shallow layer of highly decomposed peat and low hydraulic conductivities. One site was characterized by preceding multi-annual inundation and irrigated by ditches, while the other one was inoculated directly after peat extraction and irrigated by ditches and drip irrigation. Further, GHG emissions from an irrigation polder and the effect of harvesting Sphagnum donor material at a near-natural reference site were determined. GHG mitigation potentials lag behind the results of less decomposed sites, although our results were also affected by the extraordinary hot and dry summer 2018. CO2 exchanges ranged between -0.6 and 2.2 t CO2-C ha−1 y−1 and were mainly influenced by low water table depths. CH4 emissions were low with the exception of plots with higher Eriophorum covers, while fluctuating water tables and poorly developing plant covers led to considerable N2O emissions at the ditch irrigation site. The removal of the upper vegetation at the near-natural site resulted in increased CH4 emissions and, on average, lowered CO2 emissions. Overall, best plant growth and lowest GHG emissions were measured at the previously inundated site. At the other site, drip irrigation provided more favourable conditions than ditch irrigation. The size of the area needed for water management (ditches, polders) strongly affected the areal GHG balances. We conclude that Sphagnum farming on highly decomposed peat is possible but requires elaborate water management.
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Bao T, Jia G, Xu X. Wetland Heterogeneity Determines Methane Emissions: A Pan-Arctic Synthesis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:10152-10163. [PMID: 34229435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Methane (CH4) emissions from pan-Arctic wetlands provide a potential positive feedback to global warming. However, the differences in CH4 emissions across wetland types in these regions have not been well understood. We synthesized approximately 9000 static chamber CH4 measurements during the growing season from 83 sites across pan-Arctic regions. We highlighted spatial variations of CH4 emissions corresponding to environmental heterogeneity across wetland types. CH4 emission is the highest in fens, followed by marshes, bogs, and the lowest in swamps. This gradient is controlled by the water table, soil temperature, and dominant plant functional types and their interactions. The water table position for maximum CH4 emission is below, close to, and above the ground surface in bogs, marshes/fens, and swamps, respectively. The temperature sensitivity (Q10) of CH4 emissions varied among different wetland types, ranging from the lowest in swamps to the highest in fens. The interactive impact of temperature and the water table positions on CH4 emissions are regulated with dominant plant functional types. CH4 emissions from wetlands dominated by vascular plants rely more on species composition than that dominated by non-vascular plants. Wetlands with greater abundance of graminoids (e.g., fens) have higher CH4 emissions than tree-dominated wetlands (e.g., swamps). This synthesis emphasizes the role of wetland heterogeneity in determining the strength of CH4 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Bao
- Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Gensuo Jia
- Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
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Praeg N, Schachner I, Schuster L, Illmer P. Carbon-dependent growth, community structure and methane oxidation performance of a soil-derived methanotrophic mixed culture. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6035239. [PMID: 33320954 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil-borne methane-oxidizing microorganisms act as a terrestrial methane (CH4) sink and are potentially useful in decreasing global CH4 emissions. Understanding the ecophysiology of methanotrophs is crucial for a thorough description of global carbon cycling. Here, we report the in situ balance of soils from abandoned landfills, meadows and wetlands, their capacities to produce and oxidize CH4 at laboratory-scale and the isolation of a soil-borne methanotrophic-heterotrophic mixed culture that was used for carbon (C1 and C2) feeding experiments. We showed that even with similar soil properties, the in situ CH4 balance depends on land-use. Different soils had different potentials to adapt to increased CH4 availability, leading to the highest CH4 oxidation capacities for landfill and wetland soils. The most efficient mixed culture isolated from the landfill was dominated by the methanotrophs Methylobacter sp. and Methylosinus sp., which were accompanied by Variovorax sp. and Pseudomonas sp. and remained active in oxidizing CH4 when supplied with additional C-sources. The ratios between type I and type II methanotrophs and between methanotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria changed when C-sources were altered. A significant effect of the application of the mixed culture on the CH4 oxidation of soils was established but the extent varied depending on soil type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Praeg
- Universität Innsbruck, Department of Microbiology, Technikerstrasse 25d, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Iris Schachner
- Universität Innsbruck, Department of Microbiology, Technikerstrasse 25d, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lisa Schuster
- Universität Innsbruck, Department of Microbiology, Technikerstrasse 25d, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul Illmer
- Universität Innsbruck, Department of Microbiology, Technikerstrasse 25d, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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43
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Kolari THM, Korpelainen P, Kumpula T, Tahvanainen T. Accelerated vegetation succession but no hydrological change in a boreal fen during 20 years of recent climate change. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:7602-7621. [PMID: 34188838 PMCID: PMC8216969 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Northern mires (fens and bogs) have significant climate feedbacks and contribute to biodiversity, providing habitats to specialized biota. Many studies have found drying and degradation of bogs in response to climate change, while northern fens have received less attention. Rich fens are particularly important to biodiversity, but subject to global climate change, fen ecosystems may change via direct response of vegetation or indirectly by hydrological changes. With repeated sampling over the past 20 years, we aim to reveal trends in hydrology and vegetation in a pristine boreal fen with gradient from rich to poor fen and bog vegetation. We resampled 203 semi-permanent plots and compared water-table depth (WTD), pH, concentrations of mineral elements, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), plant species occurrences, community structure, and vegetation types between 1998 and 2018. In the study area, the annual mean temperature rose by 1.0°C and precipitation by 46 mm, in 20-year periods prior to sampling occasions. We found that wet fen vegetation decreased, while bog and poor fen vegetation increased significantly. This reflected a trend of increasing abundance of common, generalist hummock species at the expense of fen specialist species. Changes were the most pronounced in high pH plots, where Sphagnum mosses had significantly increased in plot frequency, cover, and species richness. Changes of water chemistry were mainly insignificant in concentration levels and spatial patterns. Although indications toward drier conditions were found in vegetation, WTD had not consistently increased, instead, our results revealed complex dynamics of WTD as depending on vegetation changes. Overall, we found significant trend in vegetation, conforming to common succession pattern from rich to poor fen and bog vegetation. Our results suggest that responses intrinsic to vegetation, such as increased productivity or altered species interactions, may be more significant than indirect effects via local hydrology to the ecosystem response to climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina H. M. Kolari
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
| | - Pasi Korpelainen
- Department of Geographical and Historical StudiesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
| | - Timo Kumpula
- Department of Geographical and Historical StudiesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
| | - Teemu Tahvanainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
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The Rhizosphere Responds: Rich Fen Peat and Root Microbial Ecology after Long-Term Water Table Manipulation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0024121. [PMID: 33811029 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00241-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrologic shifts due to climate change will affect the cycling of carbon (C) stored in boreal peatlands. Carbon cycling in these systems is carried out by microorganisms and plants in close association. This study investigated the effects of experimentally manipulated water tables (lowered and raised) and plant functional groups on the peat and root microbiomes in a boreal rich fen. All samples were sequenced and processed for bacterial, archaeal (16S DNA genes; V4), and fungal (internal transcribed spacer 2 [ITS2]) DNA. Depth had a strong effect on microbial and fungal communities across all water table treatments. Bacterial and archaeal communities were most sensitive to the water table treatments, particularly at the 10- to 20-cm depth; this area coincides with the rhizosphere or rooting zone. Iron cyclers, particularly members of the family Geobacteraceae, were enriched around the roots of sedges, horsetails, and grasses. The fungal community was affected largely by plant functional group, especially cinquefoils. Fungal endophytes (particularly Acephala spp.) were enriched in sedge and grass roots, which may have underappreciated implications for organic matter breakdown and cycling. Fungal lignocellulose degraders were enriched in the lowered water table treatment. Our results were indicative of two main methanogen communities, a rooting zone community dominated by the archaeal family Methanobacteriaceae and a deep peat community dominated by the family Methanomicrobiaceae. IMPORTANCE This study demonstrated that roots and the rooting zone in boreal fens support organisms likely capable of methanogenesis, iron cycling, and fungal endophytic association and are directly or indirectly affecting carbon cycling in these ecosystems. These taxa, which react to changes in the water table and associate with roots and, particularly, graminoids, may gain greater biogeochemical influence, as projected higher precipitation rates could lead to an increased abundance of sedges and grasses in boreal fens.
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Evans CD, Peacock M, Baird AJ, Artz RRE, Burden A, Callaghan N, Chapman PJ, Cooper HM, Coyle M, Craig E, Cumming A, Dixon S, Gauci V, Grayson RP, Helfter C, Heppell CM, Holden J, Jones DL, Kaduk J, Levy P, Matthews R, McNamara NP, Misselbrook T, Oakley S, Page SE, Rayment M, Ridley LM, Stanley KM, Williamson JL, Worrall F, Morrison R. Overriding water table control on managed peatland greenhouse gas emissions. Nature 2021; 593:548-552. [PMID: 33882562 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03523-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Global peatlands store more carbon than is naturally present in the atmosphere1,2. However, many peatlands are under pressure from drainage-based agriculture, plantation development and fire, with the equivalent of around 3 per cent of all anthropogenic greenhouse gases emitted from drained peatland3-5. Efforts to curb such emissions are intensifying through the conservation of undrained peatlands and re-wetting of drained systems6. Here we report eddy covariance data for carbon dioxide from 16 locations and static chamber measurements for methane from 41 locations in the UK and Ireland. We combine these with published data from sites across all major peatland biomes. We find that the mean annual effective water table depth (WTDe; that is, the average depth of the aerated peat layer) overrides all other ecosystem- and management-related controls on greenhouse gas fluxes. We estimate that every 10 centimetres of reduction in WTDe could reduce the net warming impact of CO2 and CH4 emissions (100-year global warming potentials) by the equivalent of at least 3 tonnes of CO2 per hectare per year, until WTDe is less than 30 centimetres. Raising water levels further would continue to have a net cooling effect until WTDe is within 10 centimetres of the surface. Our results suggest that greenhouse gas emissions from peatlands drained for agriculture could be greatly reduced without necessarily halting their productive use. Halving WTDe in all drained agricultural peatlands, for example, could reduce emissions by the equivalent of over 1 per cent of global anthropogenic emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Evans
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bangor, UK. .,Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - M Peacock
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A J Baird
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - R R E Artz
- The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, UK
| | - A Burden
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bangor, UK
| | - N Callaghan
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bangor, UK
| | - P J Chapman
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - H M Cooper
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, UK
| | - M Coyle
- The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, UK.,UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Penicuik, UK
| | - E Craig
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bangor, UK.,School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - A Cumming
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, UK
| | - S Dixon
- Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - V Gauci
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - R P Grayson
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - C Helfter
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Penicuik, UK
| | - C M Heppell
- School of Geography, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - J Holden
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - D L Jones
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK.,SoilsWest, Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - J Kaduk
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - P Levy
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Penicuik, UK
| | - R Matthews
- Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, UK
| | - N P McNamara
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - S Oakley
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster, UK
| | - S E Page
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - M Rayment
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - L M Ridley
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - K M Stanley
- Institut für Atmosphäre und Umwelt, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - F Worrall
- Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - R Morrison
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, UK
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46
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Fortuniak K, Pawlak W, Siedlecki M, Chambers S, Bednorz L. Temperate mire fluctuations from carbon sink to carbon source following changes in water table. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:144071. [PMID: 33279194 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The generally-accepted paradigm of wetland response to climate change is that water table drawdown and higher temperatures will cause wetlands to switch from a sink to a source of atmospheric carbon. However, it is hard to find a multi-year, ecosystem scale dataset representative of an undisturbed wetland that clearly demonstrates this paradigm on an annual total basis. Here we provide strong empirical confirmation of the above scenario based on six years of continuous eddy-covariance CO2 and CH4 flux measurements in Biebrza Valley, north-eastern Poland. In wet years the mire was a significant sink of atmospheric carbon (down to -270 ± 70 gC-CO2 m-2 yr-1 against +21.8 ± 3.4 gC-CH4 m-2 yr-1 in 2013) whereas in dry years it constituted a substantial carbon source (releasing up to +130 ± 70 gC-CO2 m-2 yr-1 and +2.6 ± 1.4 gC-CH4 m-2 yr-1 in 2015). Our findings demonstrate that the scenario of positive feedback between wetland carbon release and the present climate change trajectory is realistic and support the need of natural wetland preservation or rewetting. Our findings also indicate that conclusions drawn regarding a wetland's response to changing climate can depend strongly on the chosen period of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Fortuniak
- Department of Meteorology and Climatology, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Włodzimierz Pawlak
- Department of Meteorology and Climatology, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Siedlecki
- Department of Meteorology and Climatology, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Scott Chambers
- Environmental Research, ANSTO, Lucas Heights, Australia.
| | - Leszek Bednorz
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture and Bioengineering, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
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Zhu D, Wu N, Bhattarai N, Oli KP, Chen H, Rawat GS, Rashid I, Dhakal M, Joshi S, Tian J, Zhu Q, Chaudhary S, Tshering K. Methane emissions respond to soil temperature in convergent patterns but divergent sensitivities across wetlands along altitude. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:941-955. [PMID: 33222345 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Among the global coordinated patterns in soil temperature and methane emission from wetlands, a declining trend of optimal soil temperature for methane emissions from low to high latitudes has been witnessed, while the corresponding trend along the altitudinal gradient has not yet been investigated. We therefore selected two natural wetlands located at contrasting climatic zones from foothill and mountainside of Nepal Himalayas, to test: (1) whether the optimal temperature for methane emissions decreases from low to high altitude, and (2) whether there is a difference in temperature sensitivity of methane emissions from those wetlands. We found significant spatial and temporal variation of methane emissions between the two wetlands and seasons. Soil temperature was the dominant driver for seasonal variation in methane emissions from both wetlands, though its effect was perplexed by the level of standing water, aquatic plants, and dissolved organic carbon, particularly in the deep water area. When integrative comparison was conducted by adding the existing data from wetlands of diverse altitudes, and the latitude-for-altitude effect was taken into account, we found the baseline soil temperatures decrease whilst the altitude rises with respect to a rapid increase in methane emission from all wetlands, however, remarkably higher sensitivity of methane emissions to soil temperature (apparent Q10 ) was found in mid-altitude wetland. We provide the first evidence of an apparent decline in optimal temperature for methane emissions with increasing elevation. These findings suggest a convergent pattern of methane emissions with respect to seasonal temperature shifts from wetlands along altitudinal gradient, while a divergent pattern in temperature sensitivities exhibits a single peak in mid-altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Zoige Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bio-resources Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Nabin Bhattarai
- International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Huai Chen
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Zoige Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bio-resources Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Gopal Singh Rawat
- Faculty of Wildlife Sciences, Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, India
| | - Irfan Rashid
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Maheshwar Dhakal
- Ministry of Forests and Environment, Government of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Srijana Joshi
- International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Jianqing Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu'an Zhu
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sunita Chaudhary
- International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Köhn D, Günther A, Schwabe I, Jurasinski G. Short-lived peaks of stem methane emissions from mature black alder ( Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) - Irrelevant for ecosystem methane budgets? PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2021; 2:16-27. [PMID: 37283846 PMCID: PMC10168070 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tree stems can be a source of the greenhouse gas methane (CH4). However, assessments of the global importance of stem CH4 emissions are complicated by a lack of research and high variability between individual ecosystems. Here, we determined the contribution of emissions from stems of mature black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) to overall CH4 exchange in two temperate peatlands. We measured emissions from stems and soils using closed chambers in a drained and an undrained alder forest over 2 years. Furthermore, we studied the importance of alder leaves as substrate for methanogenesis in an incubation experiment. Stem CH4 emissions were short-lived and occurred only during times of inundation at the undrained site. The drained site did not show stem emissions and the soil acted as a small CH4 sink. The contribution of stem emissions to the overall CH4 budget was below 0.3% in both sites. Our results show that mature black alder can be an intermittent source of CH4 to the atmosphere. However, the low share of stem CH4 emissions in both investigated stands indicates that this pathway may be of minor relative importance in temperate peatlands, yet strongly depend on the hydrologic regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Köhn
- Landscape EcologyUniversity of RostockRostockGermany
| | - Anke Günther
- Landscape EcologyUniversity of RostockRostockGermany
| | - Ines Schwabe
- Landscape EcologyUniversity of RostockRostockGermany
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Ribeiro K, Pacheco FS, Ferreira JW, de Sousa-Neto ER, Hastie A, Krieger Filho GC, Alvalá PC, Forti MC, Ometto JP. Tropical peatlands and their contribution to the global carbon cycle and climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:489-505. [PMID: 33070397 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands are carbon-rich ecosystems that cover 185-423 million hectares (Mha) of the earth's surface. The majority of the world's peatlands are in temperate and boreal zones, whereas tropical ones cover only a total area of 90-170 Mha. However, there are still considerable uncertainties in C stock estimates as well as a lack of information about depth, bulk density and carbon accumulation rates. The incomplete data are notable especially in tropical peatlands located in South America, which are estimated to have the largest area of peatlands in the tropical zone. This paper displays the current state of knowledge surrounding tropical peatlands and their biophysical characteristics, distribution and carbon stock, role in the global climate, the impacts of direct human disturbances on carbon accumulation rates and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Based on the new peat extension and depth data, we estimate that tropical peatlands store 152-288 Gt C, or about half of the global peatland emitted carbon. We discuss the knowledge gaps in research on distribution, depth, C stock and fluxes in these ecosystems which play an important role in the global carbon cycle and risk releasing large quantities of GHGs into the atmosphere (CO2 and CH4 ) when subjected to anthropogenic interferences (e.g., drainage and deforestation). Recent studies show that although climate change has an impact on the carbon fluxes of these ecosystems, the direct anthropogenic disturbance may play a greater role. The future of these systems as carbon sinks will depend on advancing current scientific knowledge and incorporating local understanding to support policies geared toward managing and conserving peatlands in vulnerable regions, such as the Amazon where recent records show increased forest fires and deforestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Ribeiro
- Earth System Science Center (CCST), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe S Pacheco
- Earth System Science Center (CCST), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José W Ferreira
- Earth System Science Center (CCST), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eráclito R de Sousa-Neto
- Earth System Science Center (CCST), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adam Hastie
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Guenther C Krieger Filho
- Laboratory of Thermal and Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Plínio C Alvalá
- Earth System Science Center (CCST), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C Forti
- Earth System Science Center (CCST), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean P Ometto
- Earth System Science Center (CCST), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São Paulo, Brazil
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50
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Bao T, Xu X, Jia G, Billesbach DP, Sullivan RC. Much stronger tundra methane emissions during autumn freeze than spring thaw. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:376-387. [PMID: 33118303 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Warming in the Arctic has been more apparent in the non-growing season than in the typical growing season. In this context, methane (CH4 ) emissions in the non-growing season, particularly in the shoulder seasons, account for a substantial proportion of the annual budget. However, CH4 emissions in spring and autumn shoulders are often underestimated by land models and measurements due to limited data availability and unknown mechanisms. This study investigates CH4 emissions during spring thaw and autumn freeze using eddy covariance CH4 measurements from three Arctic sites with multi-year observations. We find that the shoulder seasons contribute to about a quarter (25.6 ± 2.3%, mean ± SD) of annual total CH4 emissions. Our study highlights the three to four times higher contribution of autumn freeze CH4 emission to total annual emission than that of spring thaw. Autumn freeze exhibits significantly higher CH4 flux (0.88 ± 0.03 mg m-2 hr-1 ) than spring thaw (0.48 ± 0.04 mg m-2 hr-1 ). The mean duration of autumn freeze (58.94 ± 26.39 days) is significantly longer than that of spring thaw (20.94 ± 7.79 days), which predominates the much higher cumulative CH4 emission during autumn freeze (1,212.31 ± 280.39 mg m-2 year-1 ) than that during spring thaw (307.39 ± 46.11 mg m-2 year-1 ). Near-surface soil temperatures cannot completely reflect the freeze-thaw processes in deeper soil layers and appears to have a hysteresis effect on CH4 emissions from early spring thaw to late autumn freeze. Therefore, it is necessary to consider commonalities and differences in CH4 emissions during spring thaw versus autumn freeze to accurately estimate CH4 source from tundra ecosystems for evaluating carbon-climate feedback in Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Bao
- Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gensuo Jia
- Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - David P Billesbach
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Ryan C Sullivan
- Environmental Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
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