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Xu J, Xu B, Yue H, Xie Z, Tian Y, Yang F. Origami-Inspired Bionic Soft Robot Stomach with Self-Powered Sensing. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302761. [PMID: 38018459 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The stomach is a vital organ in the human digestive system, and its digestive condition is critical to human health. The physical movement of the stomach during digestion is controlled by the circular and oblique muscles. Existing stomach simulators are unable to realistically reproduce the physical movement of the stomach. Due to the complexity of gastric motility, it is challenging to simulate and sense gastric motility. This study proposes for the first time a bionic soft robotic stomach (BSRS) with an integrated drive and sensing structure inspired by origami and self-powered sensing technology. This soft stomach (SS) can realistically simulate and sense the movements of various parts of the human stomach in real-time. The contraction force and contraction rate of the BSRS are investigated with different viscosity contents, and the experimental values are similar to the physiological range (maximum contraction force is 3.2 N, and maximum contraction rate is 0.8). This paper provides an experimental basis for the study of gastric digestive medicine and food science by simulating the peristaltic motion of the BSRS according to the human stomach and by combining the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) sensing technology to monitor the motion of the BSRS in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Boyi Xu
- Light Industry College, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150028, China
| | - Honghao Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zhijie Xie
- College of mechanical and electrical engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150042, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Light Industry College, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150028, China
| | - Fei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
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Dietrich S, Dimoula M, Argyropoulos T, Ceulemans J, Goumas K, Vertzoni M, Reppas C. On the processes limiting oral drug absorption when amorphous solid dispersions are administered after a high-calorie, high-fat meal: Sporanox® pellets. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 199:106798. [PMID: 38740075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 1) Identify processes limiting the arrival of itraconazole at the intestinal epithelium when Sporanox® amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) pellets are transferred from the stomach through the upper small intestine, after a high-calorie, high-fat meal. 2) Evaluate whether itraconazole concentrations in the colloidal phase of aqueous contents of the upper small intestine are useful for the assessment of dose effects in the fed state and food effects on plasma levels. METHODS Itraconazole concentrations, apparent viscosity, and solubilization capacity were measured in aspirates from the upper gastrointestinal lumen collected during a recently performed clinical study in healthy adults. Published itraconazole concentrations in plasma, after a high-calorie high-fat meal and Sporanox® ASD pellets, and in contents of the upper small intestine of healthy adults, after administration of Sporanox® ASD pellets in the fasted state, were used to achieve the second objective. RESULTS When Sporanox® ASD pellets (up to 200 mg) are transferred from the stomach through the upper small intestine, after a high-calorie, high-fat meal, itraconazole concentrations in the colloidal phase or the micellar phase of aqueous contents of the upper small intestine are unsaturated, in most cases. During the first 3 h post-dosing after a high-calorie, high-fat meal, the impact of dose (200 mg vs. 100 mg) on itraconazole concentrations in the colloidal phase of aqueous contents of the upper small intestine seems to underestimate the impact of dose on plasma levels. When Sporanox® ASD pellets are administered after a high-calorie, high-fat meal at the 200 mg dose level, itraconazole concentrations in the colloidal phase of aqueous contents of the upper small intestine are, on average, lower than those achieved in fasted state. CONCLUSIONS When Sporanox® ASD pellets are transferred from the stomach to the upper small intestine after a high-calorie, high-fat meal, itraconazole's arrival at the intestinal epithelium seems to be limited by its arrival at the colloidal phase of aqueous contents of the upper small intestine. The impact of dose (100 mg vs. 200 mg) on plasma levels after a high-calorie, high-fat meal and during the gastrointestinal transfer of Sporanox® pellets requires consideration of pre-systemic itraconazole metabolism. At the 200 mg dose level, after taking into consideration differences in the volume of the contents of the upper small intestine between the fasted and the fed state during the gastrointestinal transfer of Sporanox® ASD pellets, itraconazole concentrations in the colloidal phase of aqueous contents of the upper small intestine suggest a mild negative food effect on average plasma levels; published clinical data are inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Dietrich
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece; Pharmaceutical and Material Sciences, Pharmaceutical Product Development and Supply, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Myrto Dimoula
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | | | - Jens Ceulemans
- Pharmaceutical and Material Sciences, Pharmaceutical Product Development and Supply, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Konstantinos Goumas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Red Cross Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Vertzoni
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - Christos Reppas
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece.
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Lavoisier A, Jamme T, Rousseau F, Morzel M. Impact of saliva incorporation on the rheological properties of in vitro gastric contents formulated from sour cream. J Texture Stud 2024; 55:e12851. [PMID: 38952153 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Rheological properties of gastric contents depend on the food ingested, and on the volume and composition of secretions from the host, which may vary. This study investigates the impact of saliva regular incorporation in the stomach after a meal on the rheological properties of gastric contents, considering two levels of salivary flow (low = 0.5 and high = 1.5 mL/min). In vitro chymes were obtained by mixing sour cream, simulated gastric fluid, two different volumes of oral fluid (at-rest human saliva, SSF for Simulated Salivary Fluid or water) and adjusting pH at 3. Chymes samples were characterized at 37°C for their particle size and rheological properties. Overall, particle size distribution was not different between samples: incorporating a larger volume of saliva resulted in more heterogeneity, but the surface area moment D[3,2] and volume moment D[4,3] did not differ significantly with the oral fluid type. Shear viscosity of chyme samples was higher when saliva was incorporated, in comparison with water or SSF. In addition, as shown from data extracted atγ ̇ $$ \dot{\gamma} $$ = 20 s-1 the higher the fluid volume the lower the shear viscosity, which is attributed to a dilution effect. However, this dilution effect was attenuated in the case of saliva, most likely due to its composition in organic compounds (e.g., mucins) contributing to the rheological properties of this biological fluid. In these in vitro conditions, both saliva and the salivation rate had a significant but slight impact on the rheological properties of gastric contents (of the order of 1-5 mPa s atγ ̇ $$ \dot{\gamma} $$ = 20 s-1).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tino Jamme
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, Rennes, France
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Pálsson TG, Gilliam-Vigh H, Jensen BAH, Jeppesen PB, Lund AB, Knop FK, Nielsen CK. Targeting the GLP-2 receptor in the management of obesity. Peptides 2024; 177:171210. [PMID: 38579917 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Recent advancements in understanding glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) biology and pharmacology have sparked interest in targeting the GLP-2 receptor (GLP-2R) in the treatment of obesity. GLP-2 is a proglucagon-derived 33-amino acid peptide co-secreted from enteroendocrine L cells along with glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and has a range of actions via the GLP-2R, which is particularly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, the liver, adipose tissue, and the central nervous system (CNS). In humans, GLP-2 evidently induces intestinotrophic effects (i.e., induction of intestinal mucosal proliferation and improved gut barrier function) and promotes mesenteric blood flow. However, GLP-2 does not seem to have appetite or food intake-reducing effects in humans, but its gut barrier-promoting effect may be of interest in the context of obesity. Obesity is associated with reduced gut barrier function, increasing the translocation of proinflammatory gut content to the circulation. This phenomenon constitutes a strong driver of obesity-associated systemic low-grade inflammation, which in turn plays a major role in the development of most obesity-associated complications. Thus, the intestinotrophic and gut barrier-improving effect of GLP-2, which in obese rodent models shows strong anti-inflammatory potential, may, in combination with food intake-reducing strategies, e.g., GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1) agonism, be able to rectify core pathophysiological mechanism of obesity. Here, we provide an overview of GLP-2 physiology in the context of obesity pathophysiology and review the pharmacological potential of GLP-2R activation in the management of obesity and related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorir G Pálsson
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Hannah Gilliam-Vigh
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Benjamin A H Jensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Palle B Jeppesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Intestinal Failure and Liver Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asger B Lund
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Filip K Knop
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Casper K Nielsen
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark.
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5
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Sockett DC, Pohly AE, Deering KM, Breuer RM. Severe colic in a newborn dairy calf caused by a large colostrum curd: a case report. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1348084. [PMID: 38962706 PMCID: PMC11220247 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1348084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
A newborn female, Holstein calf weighing approximately 38.5 kg developed severe, persistent colic caused by a large colostrum curd located within the calf's abomasum. Based upon 10% body weight, the calf had been fed 4 liters (L) of first-milking colostrum approximately 30 min after birth and an additional 2 L of first-milking colostrum 6 h after the first feeding. Both the first and second feedings used an esophageal tube feeder to deliver the colostrum. Colic developed shortly after the second colostrum feeding. The affected calf did not respond to on-farm supportive medical therapy and was humanely euthanized by a penetrating captive bolt approximately 22 h after the onset of colic. This on-farm colostrum feeding protocol is routinely observed in the current dairy industry. This case demonstrates calves that are fed large volumes of colostrum during a relatively short window of time may develop a large, firm colostrum curd within the abomasum that causes abdominal distension, colic, and occasional death. There is an urgent need for prospective analytical studies that determine the optimal immunoglobulin mass (g/L) and the ideal volume of colostrum fed to newborn calves for both the first and second colostrum feedings within the most beneficial time frame. Guidelines should be developed that minimize complications that adversely affect calf health and well-being while ensuring the successful transfer of passive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald C. Sockett
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Andrea E. Pohly
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kathleen M. Deering
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ryan M. Breuer
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Schaftenaar FH, van Dam AD, de Bruin G, Depuydt MA, de Mol J, Amersfoort J, Douna H, Meijer M, Kröner MJ, van Santbrink PJ, Bernabé Kleijn MN, van Puijvelde GH, Florea BI, Slütter B, Foks AC, Bot I, Rensen PC, Kuiper J. Immunoproteasomal Inhibition With ONX-0914 Attenuates Atherosclerosis and Reduces White Adipose Tissue Mass and Metabolic Syndrome in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1346-1364. [PMID: 38660806 PMCID: PMC11188635 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is the major underlying pathology of cardiovascular disease and is driven by dyslipidemia and inflammation. Inhibition of the immunoproteasome, a proteasome variant that is predominantly expressed by immune cells and plays an important role in antigen presentation, has been shown to have immunosuppressive effects. METHODS We assessed the effect of ONX-0914, an inhibitor of the immunoproteasomal catalytic subunits LMP7 (proteasome subunit β5i/large multifunctional peptidase 7) and LMP2 (proteasome subunit β1i/large multifunctional peptidase 2), on atherosclerosis and metabolism in LDLr-/- and APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice. RESULTS ONX-0914 treatment significantly reduced atherosclerosis, reduced dendritic cell and macrophage levels and their activation, as well as the levels of antigen-experienced T cells during early plaque formation, and Th1 cells in advanced atherosclerosis in young and aged mice in various immune compartments. Additionally, ONX-0914 treatment led to a strong reduction in white adipose tissue mass and adipocyte progenitors, which coincided with neutrophil and macrophage accumulation in white adipose tissue. ONX-0914 reduced intestinal triglyceride uptake and gastric emptying, likely contributing to the reduction in white adipose tissue mass, as ONX-0914 did not increase energy expenditure or reduce total food intake. Concomitant with the reduction in white adipose tissue mass upon ONX-0914 treatment, we observed improvements in markers of metabolic syndrome, including lowered plasma triglyceride levels, insulin levels, and fasting blood glucose. CONCLUSIONS We propose that immunoproteasomal inhibition reduces 3 major causes underlying cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and inflammation and is a new target in drug development for atherosclerosis treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Atherosclerosis/drug therapy
- Atherosclerosis/immunology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Metabolic Syndrome/drug therapy
- Metabolic Syndrome/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, White/pathology
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Male
- Proteasome Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Apolipoprotein E3/genetics
- Apolipoprotein E3/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/prevention & control
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/enzymology
- Aortic Diseases/immunology
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/immunology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Dendritic Cells/drug effects
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Mice
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Oligopeptides
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank H. Schaftenaar
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B., J.K.)
| | - Andrea D. van Dam
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (A.D.D., P.C.N.R.)
| | - Gerjan de Bruin
- Department of Chemical Biology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, the Netherlands (G.d.B., B.I.F.)
| | - Marie A.C. Depuydt
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B., J.K.)
| | - Jill de Mol
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B., J.K.)
| | - Jacob Amersfoort
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B., J.K.)
| | - Hidde Douna
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B., J.K.)
| | - Menno Meijer
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B., J.K.)
| | - Mara J. Kröner
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B., J.K.)
| | - Peter J. van Santbrink
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B., J.K.)
| | - Mireia N.A. Bernabé Kleijn
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B., J.K.)
| | - Gijs H.M. van Puijvelde
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B., J.K.)
| | - Bogdan I. Florea
- Department of Chemical Biology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, the Netherlands (G.d.B., B.I.F.)
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B., J.K.)
| | - Amanda C. Foks
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B., J.K.)
| | - Ilze Bot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B., J.K.)
| | - Patrick C.N. Rensen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (A.D.D., P.C.N.R.)
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B., J.K.)
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7
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Dericioglu D, Methven L, Clegg ME. Understanding age-related changes: exploring the interplay of protein intake, physical activity and appetite in the ageing population. Proc Nutr Soc 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38557431 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665124002192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Globally, we are currently facing a rapid demographic shift leading to an increase in the proportion of older adults within the population. This raises concerns about the potential increase in age-related diseases and their impact on our ability to provide adequate health and end-of-life care. To apply appropriate interventions, understanding the changes that happen with ageing becomes essential. Ageing is often accompanied by a decrease in appetite and physical activity, which may lead to malnutrition, resulting in decreased muscle mass, physical capabilities and independence. To preserve muscle mass, older adults are advised to increase protein intake and physical activity. However, protein's high satiating effect may cause reduced energy intake. Physical activity is also advised to maintain or enhance older adult's appetite. This review paper aims to discuss appetite-related changes that occur with ageing and their consequences. In particular, it will focus on investigating the relationship between protein intake and physical activity and their impact on appetite and energy intake in the ageing population. Recent studies suggest that physical activity might contribute to maintaining or enhancing appetite in older adults. Nevertheless, establishing a definitive consensus on the satiating effect of protein in ageing remains a work in progress, despite some promising results in the existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Dericioglu
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, ReadingRG6 6DZ, UK
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6EU, UK
| | - Lisa Methven
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6EU, UK
- Food Research Group, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading,Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Miriam E Clegg
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, ReadingRG6 6DZ, UK
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6EU, UK
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Köteles F. Vague sensations. About the background and consequences of discordance between actual and perceived physiological changes. Clin Psychol Rev 2024; 108:102382. [PMID: 38218123 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Empirical evidence consistently shows that discordance, also called dissociation or discrepancy, between actual physiological (mainly visceral) events and their perceived counterparts is substantial. On the one hand, we typically do not perceive actual visceral events occurring in our bodies; on the other hand, sometimes we do perceive bodily changes that do not really take place. This narrative review presents the available empirical findings on the discordance, and summarizes possible explanations that approach the phenomenon from the viewpoint of evolution, cognitive development, and predictive processing. Also, the role of top-down factors, such as expectations and experiences is discussed. Finally, practically relevant consequences of the discordance are presented using the examples of mind-body practices, the placebo and nocebo phenomenon, and medically unexplained symptoms. It is concluded that the discordance between actual and perceived body changes can have a negative impact on health, mainly through issues with adherence and other behavioral factors. The existence of actual-perceived discordance should be taught and demonstrated in the elementary and high school, as well as in many areas of higher education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Köteles
- Institute of Psychology, Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary, Budapest, Hungary; Ádám György Psychophysiology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.
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9
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Allard C, Cota D, Quarta C. Poly-Agonist Pharmacotherapies for Metabolic Diseases: Hopes and New Challenges. Drugs 2024; 84:127-148. [PMID: 38127286 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-023-01982-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor-based multi-agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity holds great promise for improving glycaemic control and weight management. Unimolecular dual and triple agonists targeting multiple gut hormone-related pathways are currently in clinical trials, with recent evidence supporting their efficacy. However, significant knowledge gaps remain regarding the biological mechanisms and potential adverse effects associated with these multi-target agents. The mechanisms underlying the therapeutic efficacy of GLP-1 receptor-based multi-agonists remain somewhat mysterious, and hidden threats may be associated with the use of gut hormone-based polyagonists. In this review, we provide a critical analysis of the benefits and risks associated with the use of these new drugs in the management of obesity and diabetes, while also exploring new potential applications of GLP-1-based pharmacology beyond the field of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Allard
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniela Cota
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Carmelo Quarta
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
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Toniolo I, Pirini P, Perretta S, Carniel EL, Berardo A. Endoscopic versus laparoscopic bariatric procedures: A computational biomechanical study through a patient-specific approach. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 243:107889. [PMID: 37944398 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Within the framework of computational biomechanics, finite element models of the gastric district could be seen as a potential clinical tool not only to study the effects apported by bariatric surgery, but also to compare different surgical techniques such as the new emerging Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty (ESG) with respect to well-established ones (such as the Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy, LSG). METHODS This work realized a fully computational comparison between the outcomes obtained from 10 patient-specific stomach models, which were used to simulate ESG, and the complementary results obtained from models representing the post-LSG of the same subjects. Specifically, once the ESG was simulated, a mechanical stimulus was applied by increasing an intragastric pressure up to a maximum of 5 kPa, in order to replicate the process of food intake, as well as for post-LSG models. RESULTS Results revealed non negligible differences between the techniques also within the same subject. In particular, not only LSG could lead to a greater reduction in the stomach volume (about 77 % at baseline, which is strictly linked to weight loss), but also influence the gastric distension (12 % less than pre-operative models). On the contrary, if ESG would be performed, a more similar pre-operative mechanical stimulation of the gastric walls may be seen (difference of about 1 %), thus preserving the mechanosensation, but the detriment of the volume reduction (about 56 % at baseline, and even decreases with increasing pressure). Moreover, since results suggested ESG may be more influenced by the pre-operative gastric cavity than LSG, a predictive model was proposed to support the surgical planning and the estimation of the volume reduction after ESG. CONCLUSIONS ESG and LSG have substantial differences in their protocols and post-surgical effects. This work pointed out that variations between the two procedures may be observed also from a computational point of view, especially when including patient-specific geometries. These insights support gastric modelling as a valuable tool to evaluate, design and critically compare emerging bariatric surgical procedures, not only from empirical aspects and clinical outcomes, but also from a mechanical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Toniolo
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Italy; Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Pirini
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Silvana Perretta
- IHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; IRCAD France, Strasbourg, France; Department of Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, NHC, Strasbourg, France
| | - Emanuele Luigi Carniel
- Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padova, Italy; Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Italy.
| | - Alice Berardo
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Italy; Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy.
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11
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Zholos AV, Melnyk MI, Dryn DO. Molecular mechanisms of cholinergic neurotransmission in visceral smooth muscles with a focus on receptor-operated TRPC4 channel and impairment of gastrointestinal motility by general anaesthetics and anxiolytics. Neuropharmacology 2024; 242:109776. [PMID: 37913983 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholine is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in visceral smooth muscles, wherein it binds to and activates two muscarinic receptors subtypes, M2 and M3, thus causing smooth muscle excitation and contraction. The first part of this review focuses on the types of cells involved in cholinergic neurotransmission and on the molecular mechanisms underlying acetylcholine-induced membrane depolarisation, which is the central event of excitation-contraction coupling causing Ca2+ entry via L-type Ca2+ channels and smooth muscle contraction. Studies of the muscarinic cation current in intestinal myocytes (mICAT) revealed its main molecular counterpart, receptor-operated TRPC4 channel, which is activated in synergy by both M2 and M3 receptors. M3 receptors activation is of permissive nature, while activation of M2 receptors via Gi/o proteins that are coupled to them plays a direct role in TRPC4 opening. Our understanding of signalling pathways underlying mICAT generation has vastly expanded in recent years through studies of TRPC4 gating in native cells and its regulation in heterologous cells. Recent studies using muscarinic receptor knockout have established that at low agonist concentration activation of both M2 receptor and the M2/M3 receptor complex elicits smooth muscle contraction, while at high agonist concentration M3 receptor function becomes dominant. Based on this knowledge, in the second part of this review we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the numerous anticholinergic effects on neuroactive drugs, in particular general anaesthetics and anxiolytics, which can significantly impair gastrointestinal motility. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Ukrainian Neuroscience".
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Zholos
- Educational and Scientific Centre "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Mariia I Melnyk
- Educational and Scientific Centre "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine; A.A. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dariia O Dryn
- A.A. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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12
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Srinivasan SS, Alshareef A, Hwang A, Byrne C, Kuosmanen J, Ishida K, Jenkins J, Liu S, Madani WAM, Hayward AM, Fabian N, Traverso G. A vibrating ingestible bioelectronic stimulator modulates gastric stretch receptors for illusory satiety. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj3003. [PMID: 38134286 PMCID: PMC10745699 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj3003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Effective therapies for obesity require invasive surgical and endoscopic interventions or high patient adherence, making it challenging for patients with obesity to effectively manage their disease. Gastric mechanoreceptors sense distension of the stomach and perform volume-dependent vagal signaling to initiate the gastric phase and influence satiety. In this study, we developed a new luminal stimulation modality to specifically activate these gastric stretch receptors to elicit a vagal afferent response commensurate with mechanical distension. We designed the Vibrating Ingestible BioElectronic Stimulator (VIBES) pill, an ingestible device that performs luminal vibratory stimulation to activate mechanoreceptors and stroke mucosal receptors, which induces serotonin release and yields a hormonal metabolic response commensurate with a fed state. We evaluated VIBES across 108 meals in swine which consistently led to diminished food intake (~40%, P < 0.0001) and minimized the weight gain rate (P < 0.05) as compared to untreated controls. Application of mechanoreceptor biology could transform our capacity to help patients suffering from nutritional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriya S. Srinivasan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Society of Fellows, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Amro Alshareef
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alexandria Hwang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ceara Byrne
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Johannes Kuosmanen
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Keiko Ishida
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joshua Jenkins
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sabrina Liu
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Wiam Abdalla Mohammed Madani
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alison M. Hayward
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Niora Fabian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Giovanni Traverso
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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13
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Dryn DO, Melnyk MI, Bon RS, Beech DJ, Zholos AV. Pico145 inhibits TRPC4-mediated mI CAT and postprandial small intestinal motility. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115672. [PMID: 37857250 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In intestinal smooth muscle cells, receptor-operated TRPC4 are responsible for the majority of muscarinic receptor cation current (mICAT), which initiates cholinergic excitation-contraction coupling. Our aim was to examine the effects of the TRPC4 inhibitor Pico145 on mICAT and Ca2+ signalling in mouse ileal myocytes, and on intestinal motility. Ileal myocytes freshly isolated from two month-old male BALB/c mice were used for patch-clamp recordings of whole-cell currents and for intracellular Ca2+ imaging using Fura-2. Functional assessment of Pico145's effects was carried out by standard in vitro tensiometry, ex vivo video recordings and in vivo postprandial intestinal transit measurements using carmine red. Carbachol (50 µM)-induced mICAT was strongly inhibited by Pico145 starting from 1 pM. The IC50 value for the inhibitory effect of Pico145 on this current evoked by intracellularly applied GTPγS (200 µM), and thus lacking desensitisation, was found to be 3.1 pM, while carbachol-induced intracellular Ca2+ rises were inhibited with IC50 of 2.7 pM. In contrast, the current activated by direct TRPC4 agonist (-)-englerin A was less sensitive to the action of Pico145 that caused only ∼43 % current inhibition at 100 pM. The inhibitory effect developed rather slowly and it was potentiated by membrane depolarisation. In functional assays, Pico145 produced concentration-dependent suppression of both spontaneous and carbachol-evoked intestinal smooth muscle contractions and delayed postprandial intestinal transit. Thus, Pico145 is a potent GI-active small-molecule which completely inhibits mICAT at picomolar concentrations and which is as effective as trpc4 gene deficiency in in vivo intestinal motility tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariia O Dryn
- A.A. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 4 Bogomoletz Str., Kyiv 01024, Ukraine
| | - Mariia I Melnyk
- A.A. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 4 Bogomoletz Str., Kyiv 01024, Ukraine; Educational and Scientific Centre "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64 Volodymyrska Str., Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Robin S Bon
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - David J Beech
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander V Zholos
- Educational and Scientific Centre "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64 Volodymyrska Str., Kyiv 01601, Ukraine.
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14
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Fujihira K, Takahashi M, Wang C, Fuke S, Hayashi N. Consumption of hot protein-containing drink accelerates gastric emptying rate and is associated with higher hunger levels in older adults. Temperature (Austin) 2023; 11:52-59. [PMID: 38577300 PMCID: PMC10989700 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2023.2278410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Meal temperature is known to affect gastric emptying and appetite. While protein intake is recommended for older age, gastric emptying is delayed with age, resulting in loss of appetite. This study aimed to investigate whether adjusting the temperature of protein-containing drinks could improve gastric emptying and appetite in older individuals. Twenty male and female participants aged 65 years and older underwent three one-day trials in random order. Participants visited the laboratory after a 10-hour fast and consumed 200 mL of protein-containing drink dissolved in 13C-sodium acetate at 4°C, 37°C, or 60°C in a 3-minute period. Then, participants sat in a chair for 90 minutes to measure gastric emptying rate by the 13C-sodium acetate breath test and subjective appetite by a visual analog scale. The results showed that 37°C and 60°C drinks had faster gastric emptying at 5 and 10 min after ingestion than did the 4°C drink (trial-time interaction, p = 0.014). Tmax-calc, an indicator of gastric emptying rate, tended to be faster for the 37°C and 60°C drinks than for the 4°C drink (49.7 ± 17.5 min vs. 44.1 ± 18.5 min vs. 45.3 ± 25.8 min for the 4°C, 37°C, and 60°C, respectively; p = 0.085). There were no significant differences in the change in hunger from baseline among the three different temperature drinks (p > 0.05). Only in the 60°C trial, a shorter gastric emptying time was associated with greater hunger (r=-0.554, p = 0.021). These findings suggest that hot protein-containing drinks may accelerate gastric emptying and contribute to rapid nutrient intake and increased appetite in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Fujihira
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Liberal Arts, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Takahashi
- Institute for Liberal Arts, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Social and Human Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku,Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chunyi Wang
- Department of Social and Human Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku,Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saeka Fuke
- Department of Social and Human Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku,Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Hayashi
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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15
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Reseland JE, Heyward CA, Samara A. Revisiting ameloblastin; addressing the EMT-ECM axis above and beyond oral biology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1251540. [PMID: 38020879 PMCID: PMC10679718 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1251540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ameloblastin (AMBN) is best characterized for its role in dental enamel formation, regulating cell differentiation and mineralization, and cell matrix adhesion. However, AMBN has also been detected in mesenchymal stem cells in addition to bone, blood, and adipose tissue. Using immunofluorescence in a pilot scheme, we identified that AMBN is expressed in different parts of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. AMBN mRNA and protein detection in several tissues along the length of the GI tract suggests a role for AMBN in the structure and tissue integrity of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Intracellular AMBN expression in subsets of cells indicates a potential alternative role in signaling processes. Of note, our previous functional AMBN promoter analyses had shown that it contains epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulatory elements. ΑΜΒΝ is herein presented as a paradigm shift of the possible associations and the spatiotemporal regulation of the ECM regulating the EMT and vice versa, using the example of AMBN expression beyond oral biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne E. Reseland
- Center for Functional Tissue Reconstruction (FUTURE), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Catherine A. Heyward
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Athina Samara
- Center for Functional Tissue Reconstruction (FUTURE), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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16
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Aliyu AI, Nixon A, Hoad CL, Marciani L, Corsetti M, Aithal GP, Cordon SM, Macdonald IA, Alhussain MH, Inoue H, Yamada M, Taylor MA. A comparative, randomised MRI study of the physiological and appetitive responses to gelling (alginate) and non-gelling nasogastric tube feeds in healthy men. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1316-1328. [PMID: 36746392 PMCID: PMC10511685 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inclusion in nasogastric tube feeds (NGTF) of acid-sensitive, seaweed-derived alginate, expected to form a reversible gel in the stomach, may create a more normal intragastric state and modified gastrointestinal responses. This may ameliorate NGTF-associated risk of diarrhoea, upper gastrointestinal symptoms and appetite suppression. In a randomised, crossover, comparison study, undertaken in twelve healthy males, an alginate-containing feed (F + ALG) or one that was alginate-free (F-ALG) (300 ml) was given over 1 h with a 7-14-d washout period between treatments. Baseline and for 4-h post-feed initiation, MRI measurements were made to establish small bowel water content (SBWC), gastric contents volume (GCV) and appearance, and superior mesenteric artery blood flux. Blood glucose and gut peptides were measured. Subjective appetite and upper gastrointestinal symptoms scores were obtained. Ad libitum pasta consumption 3-h post-feeding was measured. F + ALG exhibited a gastric appearance consistent with gelling surrounded by a freely mobile water halo. Significant main effects of feed were seen for SBWC (P = 0·03) and peptide YY (PYY) (P = 0·004) which were attributed to generally higher values for SBWC with F + ALG (max difference between adjusted means 72 ml at 210 min) and generally lower values for PYY with F + ALG. GCV showed a faster reduction with F + ALG, less between-participant variation and a feed-by-time interaction (P = 0·04). Feed-by-time interactions were also seen with glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) (P = 0·02) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) (P = 0·002), both showing a blunted response with F + ALG. Apparent intragastric gelling with F + ALG and subsequent differences in gastrointestinal and endocrine responses have been demonstrated between an alginate-containing and alginate-free feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulsalam I. Aliyu
- Department of Human Physiology, College of Medical Sciences, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria
- The David Greenfield Human Physiology Unit, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Aline Nixon
- The David Greenfield Human Physiology Unit, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Caroline L. Hoad
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Luca Marciani
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Maura Corsetti
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Guruprasad P. Aithal
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sally M. Cordon
- The David Greenfield Human Physiology Unit, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian A. Macdonald
- The David Greenfield Human Physiology Unit, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maha H. Alhussain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hiroaki Inoue
- Global Planning Group, Medical Solutions Vehicle, KANEKA CORPORATION, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Yamada
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Laboratories, KANEKA CORPORATION, Kobe, Japan
| | - Moira A. Taylor
- The David Greenfield Human Physiology Unit, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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17
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Richardson J, Dezfuli G, Mangel AW, Gillis RA, Vicini S, Sahibzada N. CNS sites controlling the gastric pyloric sphincter: Neuroanatomical and functional study in the rat. J Comp Neurol 2023; 531:1562-1581. [PMID: 37507853 PMCID: PMC10430764 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The pyloric sphincter receives parasympathetic vagal innervation from the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). However, little is known about its higher-order neurons and the nuclei that engage the DMV neurons controlling the pylorus. The purpose of the present study was twofold. First, to identify neuroanatomical connections between higher-order neurons and the DMV. This was carried out by using the transneuronal pseudorabies virus PRV-152 injected into rat pylorus torus and examining the brains of these animals for PRV labeling. Second, to identify the specific sites within the DMV that functionally control the motility and tone of the pyloric sphincter. For these studies, experiments were performed to assess the effect of DMV stimulation on pylorus activity in urethane-anesthetized male rats. A strain gauge force transducer was sutured onto the pyloric tonus to monitor tone and motility. L-glutamate (500 pmol/30 nL) was microinjected unilaterally into the rostral and caudal areas of the DMV. Data from the first study indicated that neurons labeled with PRV occurred in the DMV, hindbrain raphe nuclei, midbrain Edinger-Westphal nucleus, ventral tegmental area, lateral habenula, and arcuate nucleus. Data from the second study indicated that microinjected L-glutamate into the rostral DMV results in contraction of the pylorus blocked by intravenously administered atropine and ipsilateral vagotomy. L-glutamate injected into the caudal DMV relaxed the pylorus. This response was abolished by ipsilateral vagotomy but not by intravenously administered atropine or L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME). These findings identify the anatomical and functional brain neurocircuitry involved in controlling the pyloric sphincter. Our results also show that site-specific stimulation of the DMV can differentially influence the activity of the pyloric sphincter by separate vagal nerve pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janell Richardson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Ghazaul Dezfuli
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
| | | | - Richard A. Gillis
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Stefano Vicini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Niaz Sahibzada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
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18
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Tang RC, Yang IH, Lin FH. Current Role and Potential of Polymeric Biomaterials in Clinical Obesity Treatment. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:3438-3449. [PMID: 37442789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The rise of obesity and associated fatal diseases has taken a massive toll worldwide. Despite the existing pharmaceuticals and bariatric surgeries, these approaches manifest limited efficacy or accompany various side effects. Therefore, researchers seek to facilitate the prolonged and specific delivery of therapeutics. Or else, to mimic the essential part of "gastric bypass" by physically blocking excessive absorption via less invasive methods. To achieve these goals, polymeric biomaterials have gained tremendous interest recently. They are known for synthesizing hydrogels, microneedle patches, mucoadhesive coatings, polymer conjugates, and so forth. In this Review, we provide insights into the current studies of polymeric biomaterials in the prevention and treatment of obesity, inspiring future improvements in this regime of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Chian Tang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsuan Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 49, Fanglan Road, Taipei 10672, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 49, Fanglan Road, Taipei 10672, Taiwan
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Van de Putte P, Herijgers A, Wallyn A, Bleeser T, Van Dijck L, Calle B, Del Jesus Sanchez Fernandez J, Dogrul F, Hendrickx E. The correlation between patient satiety sensation and total gastric fluid volume: a prospective observational study. Can J Anaesth 2023; 70:1307-1314. [PMID: 37353726 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-023-02508-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Surgical patients are asked to adhere to preoperative fasting guidelines to minimize gastric contents. Large fluid volumes or solid content can still be present as shown with gastric ultrasound. It has been suggested that additional rating of patients' satiety, measured as the feeling of hunger and thirst, could help clinicians to better judge emptying of the stomach. METHODS We performed a prospective observational study in fasted elective surgical patients. The primary objective was to investigate the correlation between hunger measured on a 0-10 numeric rating scale and total gastric fluid volume measured with gastric ultrasonography. Secondary objectives included the correlation between 1) thirst and total gastric fluid volume and 2) hunger, thirst, and the Perlas grading scale score. RESULTS We included 515 patients. The exam was inconclusive in 14 individuals (2.7%). The Spearman correlation coefficient between gastric fluid volumes and hunger was 0.11 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.02 to 0.20) (P = 0.01). The correlation between gastric fluid volumes and thirst was 0.11 (95% CI, 0.02 to 0.20) (P = 0.02). Between antral grades and numeric rating scale, the correlation coefficient was 0.00 (95% CI, -0.09 to 0.09) (P = 1.00) for thirst and 0.00 (95% CI, -0.08 to 0.09) (P = 0.94) for hunger. Ten patients (2.0%) had solid content, 24 presented a grade 2 antrum (4.8%). CONCLUSION This study suggests that the correlation between total gastric fluid volume and satiety sensation is very weak. Satiety did not reliably predict total gastric fluid volume. STUDY REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04884373); registered 13 May 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Van de Putte
- Department of Anesthesiology, Imeldaziekenhuis, Imeldalaan 9, 2820, Bonheiden, Belgium.
| | - Anneleen Herijgers
- Department of Anesthesiology, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven, Herestraat, Belgium
| | - An Wallyn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Imeldaziekenhuis, Imeldalaan 9, 2820, Bonheiden, Belgium
| | - Tom Bleeser
- Department of Anesthesiology, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven, Herestraat, Belgium
| | - Lisa Van Dijck
- Department of Anesthesiology, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven, Herestraat, Belgium
| | - Brecht Calle
- Department of Anesthesiology, Imeldaziekenhuis, Imeldalaan 9, 2820, Bonheiden, Belgium
| | | | - Fikriye Dogrul
- Department of Anesthesiology, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven, Herestraat, Belgium
| | - Ellen Hendrickx
- Department of Anesthesiology, Imeldaziekenhuis, Imeldalaan 9, 2820, Bonheiden, Belgium
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20
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Srinivasan SS, Alshareef A, Hwang A, Bryne C, Kuosmann J, Ishida K, Jenkins J, Liu S, Madani WAM, Hayward AM, Fabian N, Traverso G. A Vibrating Ingestible BioElectronic Stimulator Modulates Gastric Stretch Receptors for Illusory Satiety. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.17.549257. [PMID: 37503258 PMCID: PMC10370054 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.17.549257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Effective therapies for obesity either require invasive surgical or endoscopic interventions or high patient adherence, making it challenging for the nearly 42% of American adults who suffer from obesity to effectively manage their disease. Gastric mechanoreceptors sense distension of the stomach and perform volume-dependent vagal signaling to initiate the gastric phase and influence satiety. In this study, we developed a new luminal stimulation modality to specifically activate these gastric stretch receptors to elicit a vagal afferent response commensurate with mechanical distension. Here we developed the Vibrating Ingestible BioElectronic Stimulator (VIBES) pill - an ingestible device that performs luminal vibratory stimulation to activate mechanoreceptors and stroke mucosal receptors, which induces serotonin release as well as yields a hormonal metabolic response commensurate with a fed state. We evaluated VIBES across 108 meals in swine which consistently led to diminished food intake (~40%, p< 0.0001) and minimized the weight gain rate (p< 0.03) as compared to untreated controls. Application of mechanoreceptor biology could transform our capacity to help patients suffering from nutritional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriya S. Srinivasan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Society of Fellows, Harvard University
| | - Amro Alshareef
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Alexandria Hwang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ceara Bryne
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Johannes Kuosmann
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Keiko Ishida
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Joshua Jenkins
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sabrina Liu
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Wiam Abdalla Mohammed Madani
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Alison M Hayward
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Niora Fabian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Giovanni Traverso
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
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21
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Carson KE, Alvarez J, Mackley J, Travagli RA, Browning KN. Perinatal high-fat diet exposure alters oxytocin and corticotropin releasing factor inputs onto vagal neurocircuits controlling gastric motility. J Physiol 2023; 601:2853-2875. [PMID: 37154244 PMCID: PMC10524104 DOI: 10.1113/jp284726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal high-fat diet (pHFD) exposure alters the development of vagal neurocircuits that control gastrointestinal (GI) motility and reduce stress resiliency in offspring. Descending oxytocin (OXT; prototypical anti-stress peptide) and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF; prototypical stress peptide) inputs from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) modulate the GI stress response. How these descending inputs, and their associated changes to GI motility and stress responses, are altered following pHFD exposure are, however, unknown. The present study used retrograde neuronal tracing experiments, cerebrospinal fluid extraction, in vivo recordings of gastric tone, motility and gastric emptying rates, and in vitro electrophysiological recordings from brainstem slice preparations to investigate the hypothesis that pHFD alters descending PVN-DMV inputs and dysregulates vagal brain-gut responses to stress. Compared to controls, rats exposed to pHFD had slower gastric emptying rates and did not respond to acute stress with the expected delay in gastric emptying. Neuronal tracing experiments demonstrated that pHFD reduced the number of PVNOXT neurons that project to the DMV, but increased PVNCRF neurons. Both in vitro electrophysiology recordings of DMV neurons and in vivo recordings of gastric motility and tone demonstrated that, following pHFD, PVNCRF -DMV projections were tonically active, and that pharmacological antagonism of brainstem CRF1 receptors restored the appropriate gastric response to brainstem OXT application. These results suggest that pHFD exposure disrupts descending PVN-DMV inputs, leading to a dysregulated vagal brain-gut response to stress. KEY POINTS: Maternal high-fat diet exposure is associated with gastric dysregulation and stress sensitivity in offspring. The present study demonstrates that perinatal high-fat diet exposure downregulates hypothalamic-vagal oxytocin (OXT) inputs but upregulates hypothalamic-vagal corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) inputs. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that, following perinatal high-fat diet, CRF receptors were tonically active at NTS-DMV synapses, and that pharmacological antagonism of these receptors restored the appropriate gastric response to OXT. The current study suggests that perinatal high-fat diet exposure disrupts descending PVN-DMV inputs, leading to a dysregulated vagal brain-gut response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin E. Carson
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Jared Alvarez
- Barrett Honors College, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Jasmine Mackley
- Schreyer Honors College, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA
| | | | - Kirsteen N. Browning
- Address for correspondence: Kirsteen N. Browning, PhD, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, MC H109, Hershey, PA, 17033;
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22
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Correia V, Maria B, Paulino A, Noronha Ferreira C, Costa Gomes O, Nogueira F, Chiado A, Coutinho J, Tato Marinho R, Miranda L. Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty: early results of a minimally invasive procedure in patients with obesity. Surg Endosc 2023; 37:3215-3223. [PMID: 36922427 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-023-09982-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to analyze the efficacy and safety of endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty at 3 months as well as to determine factors influencing post-procedural weight loss. METHODS Seventy-three patients with obesity classes I, II and III (BMI 31.1-46.6 kg/m2) underwent ESG between September 2021 and April 2022 at a tertiary care hospital using Overstitch (Apollo Endosurgery, Austin, TX). ESG's efficacy and safety was evaluated at 1 and 3 months post-procedure with regard to excess weight loss (EWL) and total weight loss (TWL). Categorical variables were expressed as percentages and compared with chi-square test while continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and compared with paired t test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) as applicable. Pearson's correlation was used to determine association between factors at baseline and weight loss. RESULTS Mean age was 49.2 ± 9.7 years with 61 (83.6%) patients being female. Mean initial weight was 105.7 ± 15.7 kg, and mean BMI was 38.6 ± 3.5 kg/m2. Median hospitalization was 2.0 ± 1.8 days with 62 (84.9%) patients discharged after 24 h. One patient had accidental suturing of the stomach to the abdominal wall and diaphragm which was managed laparoscopically. Mean %EWL was 25.4 ± 7.1 and 36.3 ± 11.4, and %TBWL was 11.2 ± 2.6 and 15.8 ± 4.2 at 1 and 3 months, respectively. Significant excess weight loss at 3 months was only observed in patients with BMI < 40 kg/m2 (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS ESG is safe and effective to manage obesity. Significant weight loss at 3 months was only observed in patients with obesity class I and class II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vítor Correia
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Bernardo Maria
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Paulino
- Serviço de Anestesiologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos Noronha Ferreira
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia e Hepatologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Clínica Universitária de Gastrenterologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Olavo Costa Gomes
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipa Nogueira
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António Chiado
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Coutinho
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Clínica Universitária de Cirurgia II, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Tato Marinho
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia e Hepatologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Clínica Universitária de Gastrenterologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Miranda
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Clínica Universitária de Cirurgia II, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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23
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Arabacı Tamer S, Yeğen BÇ. Peripheral administration of neuropeptide W inhibits gastric emptying in rats: The role of small diameter afferent fibers and cholecystokinin receptors. Neurosci Lett 2023; 800:137122. [PMID: 36775100 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide W (NPW), a novel hypothalamic peptide, contributes to the central regulation of food intake and energy balance, and suppresses feeding behavior when administered centrally. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of peripherally administered NPW in the modulation of gastric emptying, and to evaluate the participation of afferent fibers, cholecystokinin (CCK) receptors and gastric smooth muscle contractility in the regulatory effects of NPW on gastric motility. In Sprague-Dawley male rats equipped with gastric fistula, gastric emptying rate of the saline and peptone solutions was measured following subcutaneous administration of NPW (0.1 or 5 μg/kg) preceded by subcutaneous injections of saline, CCK-1 or CCK-2 receptor antagonists. Another group of rats with cannulas were injected subcutaneously with capsaicin for afferent denervation before commencing emptying trials. The effect of NPW on carbachol-induced gastric contractility and the role of CCK receptors in gastric smooth muscle contractility were also assessed in gastric strips. Peripheral injection of NPW delayed gastric emptying rate of both caloric and non-caloric liquid test meals, while administration of CCK-1 or CCK-2 receptor antagonists or denervation of small diameter afferents reversed NPW-induced delay in gastric emptying. Moreover, NPW inhibited antrum contractility in the organ bath. Our results revealed that peripherally administered NPW delayed liquid emptying from the stomach via the involvement of small diameter afferent neurons and CCK receptors, and thereby this regulatory role may contribute to its central regulatory role in controlling food intake and energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevil Arabacı Tamer
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Berrak Ç Yeğen
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, İstanbul, Turkey.
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24
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Jaeger V, Koletzko B, Luque V, Gruszfeld D, Verduci E, Xhonneux A, Grote V. Eating Frequency in European Children from 1 to 96 Months of Age: Results of the Childhood Obesity Project Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040984. [PMID: 36839341 PMCID: PMC9958886 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the eating frequency (EF) in children over age, and examined the influence of country, sex, feeding mode and weight status on EF. We used the dietary data of the Childhood Obesity Project, which comprised European children from five countries. Dietary data of 3-days weighed and estimated records were available monthly from 1 to 9 and at 12-, 24-, 36-, 48-, 60-, 72- and 96-months old. Generalized additive mixed effects models were used to estimate EF trajectories with EF as outcome and applying age splines. Additionally, the models were further adjusted for country, feeding mode, sex or weight status. Data from 1244 children were analysed. EF was highest at 1 month with on average 7.3 ± 1.9 feeds per day, and fell to 5.1 ± 1.1 eating occasions at the age 96 months. Night feeding was similarly often than day feeding at 1 month but declined thereafter. Significant differences in EF were observed between countries (p < 0.05), with the highest EF in Poland, and between infant feeding modes, with a higher EF in breastfed than non-breastfed infants (p < 0.05). Sex and body weight were not associated with EF. Despite the importance of EF towards total energy intake, no association with weight status was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Jaeger
- Division of Metabolism and Nutritional Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU University Hospitals, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolism and Nutritional Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU University Hospitals, 80337 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Veronica Luque
- Paediatrics Research Unit, Universitat Rovira I Virgili-IISPV, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Serra Hunter Fellow, Universitat Rovira I Virgili-IISPV, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Dariusz Gruszfeld
- Neonatal Department and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Annick Xhonneux
- Groupe Santé CHC, Bd. Patience et Beaujonc 2—(B), 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Veit Grote
- Division of Metabolism and Nutritional Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU University Hospitals, 80337 Munich, Germany
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25
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Mantzavinou A, Rogers PJ. Apple versus chocolate: Evidence for discrimination of distension-related and calorie-related satiety signals in post-prandial fullness and hunger, and in the quality and location of other body sensations. Physiol Behav 2023; 259:114051. [PMID: 36481197 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastric distension and detection of macronutrients (calories) in the gut are determinants of satiation and satiety. We tested effects of these variables on body sensations after eating, and their connection with visual-analogue scale (VAS) hunger and fullness ratings. Participants completed VAS ratings and quality and location of body sensations tasks after consumption of milk chocolate (38 g, 200 kcal) versus fresh apple fruit matched for weight (38 g, 20 kcal) and matched for calories (380 g, 200 kcal). Effects of food weight (380 vs 38 g) were large and located predominantly in the abdominal region. They also occupied a greater body area and occurred sooner after eating than effects related to calories (200 vs 20 kcal). The same pattern was apparent in the results from the quality of sensations task. VAS ratings indicated that hunger was affected by food volume and calories, whereas fullness was affected primarily by food volume. Together, these results provide evidence of dissociation of the perceived after-effects of food ingestion related to food volume and food calorie content in humans. Additionally, the studies demonstrate the utility of two rarely used, semi-quantitative tasks, which generate information on the identity, intensity, valence, and location of eating-related sensations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mantzavinou
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, BS8 1TU, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Rogers
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, BS8 1TU, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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26
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Mori H, Verbeure W, Tanemoto R, Sosoranga ER. Physiological functions and potential clinical applications of motilin. Peptides 2023; 160:170905. [PMID: 36436612 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Motilin is a gastrointestinal hormone secreted by the duodenum. This peptide regulates a characteristic gastrointestinal contraction pattern, called the migrating motor complex, during the fasting state. Motilin also affects the pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter, gastric motility and gastric accommodation in the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, motilin induces bile discharge into the duodenum by promoting gallbladder contraction, pepsin secretion in the stomach, pancreatic juice and insulin secretion from the pancreas. In recent years, it has been shown that motilin is associated with appetite, and clinical applications are expected for diseases affected by food intake, e.g. obesity, by regulating motilin levels. Gastric acid and bile are the two major physiological regulators for motilin release. Caloric foods have varying effects on motilin levels, depending on their composition. Among non-caloric foods, bitter substances reduce motilin levels and are therefore expected to have an appetite-suppressing effect. Various motilin receptor agonists and antagonists have been developed but have yet to reach clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Mori
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Wout Verbeure
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rina Tanemoto
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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27
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Spada C, Vu C, Raymond I, Tong W, Chuang CL, Walker C, Loomes K, Woodward DF, Poloso NJ. Bimatoprost promotes satiety and attenuates body weight gain in rats fed standard or obesity-promoting diets. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 187:102511. [PMID: 36399889 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Bimatoprost is a synthetic prostamide F2α analog that down-regulates adipogenesis in vitro. This effect has been attributed to participation in a negative feedback loop that regulates anandamide-induced adipogenesis. A follow-on investigation has now been conducted into the broader metabolic effects of bimatoprost using rats under both normal state and obesity-inducing conditions. Chronic bimatoprost administration attenuated weight gain in a dose dependent-manner in rats fed either standard [max effect -7%] or obesity-promoting diets [max effect -23%] over a 9-10 week period. Consistent with these findings, bimatoprost promoted satiety as measured by decreased food intake [max effect, -7%], gastric emptying [max effect, -33-50%] and decreased circulating concentrations of the gut hormones, ghrelin and GLP-1 [max effect, -33-50%]. Additionally, subcutaneous, and visceral fat mass were distinctly affected by treatment [-30% diet independent]. Taken together, these results suggest that bimatoprost regulates energy homeostasis through promoting satiety and a decrease in food intake. These newly reported activities of bimatoprost reveal an additional method of metabolic disease intervention for potential therapeutic exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chau Vu
- Allergan Inc, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Iona Raymond
- Allergan Inc, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Warren Tong
- Allergan Inc, Irvine, CA, United States of America
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28
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Betônico CC, Cobello AV, Santos-Bezerra DP, de A. Leite AZ, Correa-Giannella ML, Nery M, Queiroz MS. Diet consistency modification improves postprandial glycemic and gastroparesis symptoms. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:1661-1667. [PMID: 36404814 PMCID: PMC9672186 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01117-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Diabetic gastroparesis (DGP) is an autonomic neuropathy resulting from long-standing poorly controlled diabetes, and it is also linked to fluctuations in glycemic control due to variability on nutrient absorption. Objectives Considering the scarcity of information, the aim of this study was to identify the impact of modifications on diet consistency on post-prandial glucose variability using a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and its effect on the perception and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms. Methods This proof-of-concept study was carried out in a cross-sectional cohort of six individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus with confirmed diagnosis of DGP. Two types of diet were used to evaluate glycemic control and DGP symptoms, general consistency standard meal (SD) and modified consistency test diet (MD), associated with an application of rapid acting insulin at the time of food intake. Glycemic control was evaluated by CGM, and the Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI) was applied after meals. Results The CGM curve was different for MD + insulin and SD + insulin. There was a smaller increment of interstitial glucose with 2 h after MD + insulin, returning almost to the basal level 4 h later. Patients scored significantly lower GCSI after MD + insulin compared to the same index after they received SD + insulin. Moreover, there was a decrease in important clinical scores present in the index, like: "Not able to finish meal", "Loss of appetite" and "Stomach or belly feels larger". Conclusion This study showed that a modified diet can improve postprandial glycemic excursion and the perception and severity of gastroparesis symptoms. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-022-01117-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina C. Betônico
- School of Medicine, UNIFAI–Faculdades Adamantinenses Integradas, Adamantina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Vial Cobello
- Nutrition and Dietetics Division, Central Institute of Clinics Hospital, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniele P. Santos-Bezerra
- Laboratory of Carbohydrates and Radioimmunoassays (LIM-18), Discipline of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - André Z. de A. Leite
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM-07), Universidade de Sao Paulo Hospital das Clínicas Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Correa-Giannella
- Laboratory of Carbohydrates and Radioimmunoassays (LIM-18), Discipline of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Márcia Nery
- Endocrinology Division, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital das Clinicas Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia S. Queiroz
- Department of Graduation in Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 235/249 - Liberdade, São Paulo, SP 01525-000 Brazil
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Naya-Català F, Piazzon MC, Torrecillas S, Toxqui-Rodríguez S, Calduch-Giner JÀ, Fontanillas R, Sitjà-Bobadilla A, Montero D, Pérez-Sánchez J. Genetics and Nutrition Drive the Gut Microbiota Succession and Host-Transcriptome Interactions through the Gilthead Sea Bream ( Sparus aurata) Production Cycle. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1744. [PMID: 36552254 PMCID: PMC9774573 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Fish genetically selected for growth (GS) and reference (REF) fish were fed with CTRL (15% FM, 5-7% FO) or FUTURE (7.5% FM, 10% poultry meal, 2.2% poultry oil + 2.5% DHA-algae oil) diets during a 12-months production cycle. Samples from initial (t0; November 2019), intermediate (t1; July 2020) and final (t2; November 2020) sampling points were used for Illumina 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of the adherent microbiota of anterior intestine (AI). Samples from the same individuals (t1) were also used for the gene expression profiling of AI by RNA-seq, and subsequent correlation analyses with microbiota abundances. Discriminant analyses indicated the gut bacterial succession along the production cycle with the proliferation of some valuable taxa for facing seasonality and different developmental stages. An effect of genetic background was evidenced along time, decreasing through the progression of the trial, namely the gut microbiota of GS fish was less influenced by changes in diet composition. At the same time, these fish showed wider transcriptomic landmarks in the AI to cope with these changes. Our results highlighted an enhanced intestinal sphingolipid and phospholipid metabolism, epithelial turnover and intestinal motility in GS fish, which would favour their improved performance despite the lack of association with changes in gut microbiota composition. Furthermore, in GS fish, correlation analyses supported the involvement of different taxa with the down-regulated expression of pro-inflammatory markers and the boosting of markers of extracellular remodelling and response to bacterium. Altogether, these findings support the combined action of the gut microbiome and host transcriptionally mediated effects to preserve and improve gut health and function in a scenario of different growth performance and potentiality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Naya-Català
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS, CSIC), 12595 Castellón, Spain
| | - M Carla Piazzon
- Fish Pathology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS, CSIC), 12595 Castellón, Spain
| | - Silvia Torrecillas
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Socorro Toxqui-Rodríguez
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS, CSIC), 12595 Castellón, Spain
- Fish Pathology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS, CSIC), 12595 Castellón, Spain
| | - Josep À Calduch-Giner
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS, CSIC), 12595 Castellón, Spain
| | | | - Ariadna Sitjà-Bobadilla
- Fish Pathology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS, CSIC), 12595 Castellón, Spain
| | - Daniel Montero
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS, CSIC), 12595 Castellón, Spain
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30
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Ni D, Smyth HE, Cozzolino D, Gidley MJ. Holistic approach to effects of foods, human physiology, and psychology on food intake and appetite (satiation & satiety). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3702-3712. [PMID: 36259784 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2134840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Appetite (satiation and satiety) is an essential element for the control of eating behavior, and as a consequence human nutrition, body weight, and chronic disease risk. A better understanding of appetite mechanisms is necessary to modulate eating behavior and food intake, and also provide a practical approach for weight management. Although many researchers have investigated the relationships between satiation/satiety and specific factors including human physiology, psychology, and food characteristics, limited information on the interactions between factors or comparisons between the relative importance of factors in contributing to satiation/satiety have been reported. This article reviews progress and gaps in understanding individual attributes contributing to perceived satiation/satiety, the advantages of considering multiple factors together in appetite experiments, as well as the applications of nondestructive sensing in evaluating human factors contributing to relative appetite perception. The approaches proposed position characterization of appetite (satiation and satiety) for personalized and precision nutrition in relation to human status and healthy diets. In particular, it is recommended that future studies of appetite perception recognize the inter-dependence of food type and intake, appetite (satiation and satiety), and individual status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Ni
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Heather E Smyth
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Cozzolino
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael J Gidley
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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31
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Larsen IM, Holten-Rossing S, Mark EB, Poulsen JL, Krogh K, Scott SM, Olesen SS, Drewes AM. Regional gastrointestinal transit times in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31141. [PMID: 36253998 PMCID: PMC9575730 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms behind disrupted gastrointestinal (GI) motor function in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) have not been fully elucidated. We compared regional transit times in patients with CP to those in healthy controls, and investigated whether they were associated with diabetes mellitus, exocrine dysfunction, opioid treatment or quality of life. Twenty-eight patients with CP and 28 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were included. Regional GI transit times were determined using the 3D-Transit system, which consists of an ingestible electromagnetic capsule and a detector worn in an abdominal belt for 5 days. Exocrine function was assessed using the fecal elastase-1 test, and quality of life was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer questionnaire. Transit times were analyzed for associations with diabetes mellitus, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), opioid treatment and quality of life. Compared with healthy controls, patients with CP had prolonged transit times in the small intestine (6.6 ± 1.8 vs 4.8 ± 2.2 hours, P = .006), colon (40 ± 23 vs 28 ± 26 hours, P = .02), and total GI tract (52 ± 26 vs 36 ± 26 hours, P = .02). There was no difference in gastric emptying time (4.8 ± 5.2 vs 3.1 ± 1.3 hours, P = .9). No associations between transit times and diabetes, EPI, or opioid consumption were found (all P > .05). Quality of life and associated functional and symptom subscales were not associated with transit times, except for diarrhea (P = .03). Patients with CP have prolonged small intestinal and colonic transit times. However, these alterations do not seem to be mediated by diabetes, EPI, or opioid consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle M. Larsen
- Mech-Sense and Centre for Pancreatic Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Sidse Holten-Rossing
- Mech-Sense and Centre for Pancreatic Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Esben Bolvig Mark
- Mech-Sense and Centre for Pancreatic Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jakob Lykke Poulsen
- Mech-Sense and Centre for Pancreatic Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Klaus Krogh
- Neurogastroenterology Unit, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Clinical Institute, Aarhus University, Aarhus Denmark
| | - S. Mark Scott
- Neurogastroenterology Group (GI Physiology Unit), Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery & Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Søren Schou Olesen
- Mech-Sense and Centre for Pancreatic Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Asbjørn Mohr Drewes
- Mech-Sense and Centre for Pancreatic Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Asbjørn Mohr Drewes, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Mølleparkvej 4, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark (e-mail: )
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Akhlaghi M. The role of dietary fibers in regulating appetite, an overview of mechanisms and weight consequences. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3139-3150. [PMID: 36193993 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2130160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fibers prevent obesity through reduction of hunger and prolongation of satiety. A number of mechanical and endocrine signals from gastrointestinal tract are stimulated by fibers and their fermentation products, reach regions of brain involved in the regulation of appetite, and ultimately reduce food intake. Gastric distention, delayed gastric emptying, prevention of hypoglycemic, increased amounts of unabsorbed nutrients reaching to the ileum, and stimulation of enteroendocrine cells for secretion of cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and peptide YY are among mechanisms of fibers in decreasing hunger and prolongation of satiety. Fermentation of fibers produces short-chain fatty acids that also stimulates enteroendocrine cells to secrete GLP-1 and PYY. Randomized controlled trials have shown reductions in energy intake and body weight along with increased satiation and reduced hunger following consumption of fibers. Prospective cohort studies have confirmed these results but the extent of weight loss in some studies has been small. Controversies exist between studies particularly for the effect of fibers on the gastrointestinal hormones, subsequent food intake, and the resultant weight loss. More studies are needed before a clear conclusion can be drawn especially for the effect of fibers on appetite-related hormones and weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Akhlaghi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Li S, Ye S, Jin H, Shang L, Li J, Liang H, Li B. Sodium caseinate enhances the effect of konjac flour on delaying gastric emptying based on a dynamic in vitro human stomach-IV (DIVHS-IV) system. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:5849-5857. [PMID: 35426148 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the context of the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity worldwide, satiety-enhancing foods may help people control their energy intake and weight. In this study, an advanced near-real human gastric simulator equipped with a dynamic in vitro human stomach-IV (DIVHS-IV) system was used to determine the gastric digestion and gastric retention ratio of konjac flour (KF)/sodium caseinate (SC) mixtures with different ratios. RESULTS The apparent viscosity, viscoelastic properties, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) of the digested products were collected and analyzed to further study the effect of SC on the physical properties of KF during digestion. The results showed that the addition of SC could enhance the effect of KF on delaying gastric emptying in vitro. Besides, the addition of SC was shown to weaken the effect of gastric juice on the dilution of gastric contents by forming SC gel blocks in the acid environment. In particular, the synergistic gastric emptying delaying effect was the strongest in the KF/SC mixture containing 1% KF and 8% SC, and obvious massive aggregates were observed. CONCLUSION The combination of 1% KF and 8% SC was shown to synergistically delay gastric emptying and potentially enhance the sense of fullness. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuxin Ye
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Longchen Shang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongshan Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Functional Food Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, 430068, Wuhan, China
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Idrizaj E, Garella R, Nistri S, Squecco R, Baccari MC. Evidence that resistin acts on the mechanical responses of the mouse gastric fundus. Front Physiol 2022; 13:930197. [PMID: 35910552 PMCID: PMC9334560 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.930197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistin, among its several actions, has been reported to exert central anorexigenic effects in rodents. Some adipokines which centrally modulate food intake have also been reported to affect the activity of gastric smooth muscle, whose motor responses represent a source of peripheral signals implicated in the control of the hunger-satiety cycle through the gut-brain axis. On this basis, in the present experiments, we investigated whether resistin too could affect the mechanical responses in the mouse longitudinal gastric fundal strips. Electrical field stimulation (EFS) elicited tetrodotoxin- and atropine-sensitive contractile responses. Resistin reduced the amplitude of the EFS-induced contractile responses. This effect was no longer detected in the presence of L-NNA, a nitric oxide (NO) synthesis inhibitor. Resistin did not influence the direct muscular response to methacholine. In the presence of carbachol and guanethidine, EFS elicited inhibitory responses whose amplitude was increased by resistin. L-NNA abolished the inhibitory responses evoked by EFS, indicating their nitrergic nature. In the presence of L-NNA, resistin did not have any effect on the EFS-evoked inhibitory responses. Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis revealed a significant increase in neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression in neurons of the myenteric plexus following resistin exposure. In conclusion, the present results offer the first evidence that resistin acts on the gastric fundus, likely through a modulatory action on the nitrergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eglantina Idrizaj
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- *Correspondence: Eglantina Idrizaj, ; Maria Caterina Baccari,
| | - Rachele Garella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Nistri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Research Unit of Histology and Embryology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberta Squecco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Baccari
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- *Correspondence: Eglantina Idrizaj, ; Maria Caterina Baccari,
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Decreased appetite is associated with the presence of sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis. Nutrition 2022; 103-104:111807. [PMID: 36029694 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hsu PK, Wu CL, Yang YH, Wei JCC. Effect of Intragastric Botulinum Type A Injection Combined with a Low-Calorie High-Protein Diet in Adults with Overweight or Obesity. J Clin Med 2022; 11:3325. [PMID: 35743396 PMCID: PMC9225463 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background/aims: Intragastric botulinum toxin A injection (IGBI) combined with diet control is a new and effective weight loss method for grade 2 obese patients. However, the application of IGIB on overweight or obese adults still needs further research to confirm its efficacy. (2) Methods: We retrospectively collected medical data from 1 July 2021 to 1 January 2022 from a total of 71 patients without diabetes who participated in the bariatric clinic with a body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m2. Forty-nine participants opted for intragastric botulinum injection (IGBI) using 300 units of botulinum injected into the antrum, body, and fundus, followed with a low-calorie high-protein diet course. Another 22 people participated only in the low-calorie high-protein diet course as a placebo group. This study analyzes the weight loss percentage of the two groups. Adverse events after IGBI are also reported in a safety assessment. (3) Results: In terms of the characteristics of the two groups, the mean BMI was 29.3 kg/m2 in the IGBI group and 28.0 kg/m in the placebo group (p = 0.63 without significant difference). Comparing the percent weight loss from baseline in the two groups after 12 weeks, the IGBI group lost 11.5% of their body weight and the placebo group lost 1.8%. In terms of group analysis, the percentages of participants with a weight reduction of at least 5% for the IGBI and placebo groups were 95% and 4%, respectively. For weight reduction of at least 10%, these values for the IGBI and placebo groups were 63% and 4%, respectively. In terms of adverse events after IGBI for 12 weeks, 12 participants (24.4%) had constipation, which was the main side effect. No serious adverse events were observed during the study period. (4) Conclusion: The combination of a low-calorie high-protein diet and IGBI is an effective and safe procedure in overweight or obese adults for weight reduction, but further larger studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ke Hsu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Weight Control Center, Sun Saint Clinic, Zhubei City 302052, Taiwan;
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City 500209, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City 500209, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Hsuan Yang
- Department of Weight Control Center, Sun Saint Clinic, Zhubei City 302052, Taiwan;
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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Aronne LJ, Anderson JE, Sannino A, Chiquette E. Recent advances in therapies utilizing superabsorbent hydrogel technology for weight management: A review. Obes Sci Pract 2022; 8:363-370. [PMID: 35664250 PMCID: PMC9159556 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Long‐term therapeutic benefit of treatments for weight management in patients with overweight (also termed preobesity) or obesity may be limited by variable safety, tolerability, and efficacy profiles, and patient adherence to treatment regimens. There is a medical need for nonsystemic treatments that promote weight loss in patients with overweight or early obesity. This report reviews four different approaches of utilizing superabsorbent hydrogel technology for weight management at varying stages of preclinical and clinical development. The first is a nonsystemic, oral superabsorbent hydrogel created from naturally derived building blocks used in foods (cellulose‐based), designed to mix homogenously with and change the properties of the ingested meal throughout the gastrointestinal tract (stomach and small intestine). This is the first‐in‐class to be cleared by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to aid in weight‐management for adults with BMI of 25–40 kg/m2 in conjunction with diet and exercise. In contrast, the other three approaches in development utilize superabsorbent hydrogel technologies to support an intragastric balloon‐like structure, solely occupying space in the stomach and displacing the meal: (1) a pufferfish‐inspired device; (2) Epitomee, a pH‐sensitive self‐expanding hydrogel device; and (3) a light‐degradable hydrogel used to control balloon deflation. These new approaches that utilize superabsorbent hydrogel technology offer a wide range of clinical applicability and have the potential to broaden the weight management treatment landscape. Over time, increasing the number of patients treated with superabsorbent hydrogel technologies will provide important information on long‐term efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis J. Aronne
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism Comprehensive Weight Control Center Weill Cornell Medicine New York New York USA
| | | | - Alessandro Sannino
- Gelesis, Inc. Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Engineering for Innovation University of Salento Lecce Italy
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Kotańska M, Knutelska J, Nicosia N, Mika K, Szafarz M. Guanabenz-an old drug with a potential to decrease obesity. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:963-974. [PMID: 35511242 PMCID: PMC9068504 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02251-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine, in the diet-induced obesity model in rats, the potential of Guanabenz to reduce body weight and ameliorate some metabolic disturbances. Obesity was induced in rats by a high-fat diet. After 10 weeks, rats were treated intraperitoneally with Guanabenz at the two doses: 2 or 5 mg/kg b.w./day, once daily for 25 days. The spontaneous activity of rats was measured for 24 h on the 1st and 24th day of the Guanabenz treatment with a special radio-frequency identification system. Gastric emptying was measured in intragastric phenol red-treated mice by measuring the color of the stomach homogenate 30 min after phenol red administration. Intraperitoneal administration of Guanabenz for 25 days to obese rats resulted in a significant decrease in body weight compared to the baseline values (about 11% at a dose of 5 mg/kg). Both body weight and the amount of adipose tissue in the groups receiving Guanabenz decreased to the levels observed in the control rats fed only standard feed. The anorectic effect occurred in parallel with a reduction in plasma triglyceride levels. We also confirmed the beneficial effect of Guanabenz on plasma glucose level. The present study demonstrates that the administration of Guanabenz strongly inhibits gastric emptying (about 80% at a dose of 5 mg/kg). Guanabenz can successfully and simultaneously attenuate all the disorders and risk factors of metabolic syndrome: hypertension, hyperglycemia, obesity, and dyslipidemia. However, the exact cellular mechanisms of its action require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kotańska
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Joanna Knutelska
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Cracow, Poland
| | - Noemi Nicosia
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Cracow, Poland.,Foundation "Prof. Antonio Imbesi", University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122, Messina, Italy.,Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Kamil Mika
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Cracow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szafarz
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Cracow, Poland
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Esmaeili M, Ajami M, Barati M, Javanmardi F, Houshiarrad A, Mousavi Khaneghah A. The significance and potential of functional food ingredients for control appetite and food intake. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:1602-1612. [PMID: 35592279 PMCID: PMC9094468 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dramatically rising global levels of obesity have raised consumers’ commercial and public health interest in foods that may help control appetite and weight. The satiety cascade consists of sensory, cognitive, physical, and hormonal events following food intake, preventing overeating, and the desire to eat for a long time. Functional foods can be one of the most influential factors in reducing appetite as long as effective ingredients, such as fiber and protein, are used to design these products. Also, functional foods should be designed to reduce appetite at different levels of oral processing, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine by various mechanisms. Therefore, the satiety power of functional foods depends on the type of ingredients and their amount. Because each compound has a different mechanism of action, it is recommended to use different compounds to influence satiety in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Esmaeili
- Department of Nutrition Research National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute/School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Marjan Ajami
- Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Meisam Barati
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Fardin Javanmardi
- Department of Food Science and Technology National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute/School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Anahita Houshiarrad
- Department of Nutrition Research National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute/School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition Faculty of Food Engineering University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Brazil
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40
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Digestion of curcumin-fortified yogurt in short/long gastric residence times using a near-real dynamic in vitro human stomach. Food Chem 2022; 372:131327. [PMID: 34818741 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A dynamic in vitro human stomach (DIVHS), simulating the anatomical structures, peristalsis, and biochemical environments of a real stomach as practically as possible, was applied to mimic the gastric pH and emptying during yogurt digestion in short/long gastric residence times. The influences of peristalsis, dilution, and proteolysis on digesta viscosity were quantified respectively, indicating the dominant role of proteolysis and dilution. After incorporating curcumin-whey protein microparticles with targeted-release formula in yogurt, the peak curcumin release during intestinal digestion reached 43% at 120 min in the short gastric residence time and 16% at 180 min in the long gastric residence time. The change in the maximum curcumin release depended on the gastric emptying kinetics in each residence time. This emptying-kinetics dependence was reflected by the slower microparticle disintegration and proteolysis in the long gastric residence time. The dynamic reproduction of realistic gastric conditions using DIVHS helps revealing controlled release from foods.
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41
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Scarpellini E, Ianiro G, Tack J. Editorial: Pharmacological Treatments Affecting Gastro-Intestinal Motility in Man. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:801136. [PMID: 35126136 PMCID: PMC8807642 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.801136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. Scarpellini
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Diseases (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G. Ianiro
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Unit, Gemelli University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - J. Tack
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Diseases (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: J. Tack,
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42
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Jin Y, Wilde PJ, Hou Y, Wang Y, Han J, Liu W. An evolving view on food viscosity regulating gastric emptying. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:5783-5799. [PMID: 34985365 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2024132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Viscosity is a property of most foods. The consumption of the high-viscosity food is associated with a variety of physiological responses, one of which is their ability to regulate gastric emptying and modulate postprandial glycemic response. Gastric emptying has been proven to be a key step affecting the digestion and absorption of food, whereas, the relationship between viscosity and gastric emptying is still far away from being understood. Here, we reviewed the factors that influence food viscosity and food viscosity changes during digestion. Besides, the effect of food viscosity on gastric emptying and food-viscosity-physiological response were highlighted. Finally, "quantitative relationship" of viscosity and gastric emptying was discussed. This review can contribute to the understanding that how food viscosity affects gastric emptying, and help for developing foods that could control satiety and manage body weight for the specific populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyi Jin
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peter J Wilde
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Yingying Hou
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Han
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weilin Liu
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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43
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Waluga M, Kasicka-Jonderko A, Dzielicki M, Kamińska M, Bożek M, Laskowska J, Palka J, Jurzak D, Rusek J, Jonderko K. Resistance of postprandial gastric functions and autonomic balance to taste stimulation. J Smooth Muscle Res 2022; 57:68-78. [PMID: 34980820 PMCID: PMC8710914 DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.57.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to unpleasant tastes leads to disturbances of interdigestive gastric
myoelectrical activity (GMA) and may affect sympathetic/parasympathetic balance (SPB). We
made a careful study to determine whether taste stimulation modulates the postprandial
GMA, SPB, and gastric emptying (GE) of a solid meal. Eighteen healthy volunteers (9F/9M)
entered the study. On six separate days, we recorded a four-channel electrogastrogram from
each volunteer during a 35-min fasting period, then for 90 min after ingestion of a solid
test meal of 300 kcal. GE was measured using a 13C-octanoic acid breath test.
Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis was simultaneously performed. At the start of the
21st min after the test meal, subjects received an agar cube delivering either a sweet,
salty, sour, or bitter taste, which they kept in the mouth for 35 min. Control procedures
involved sessions performed with a tasteless agar cube, and without any stimulation. There
was no effect of the experimental intervention upon the relative power share of particular
GMA rhythms. Stimulation with the salty and the bitter taste evoked a statistically
significant increase in the dominant frequency, whereas the sweet and sour taste did not
affect it. Taste stimulation did not interfere with the meal-induced rise in the dominant
power, nor affect slow wave coupling. The kinetics of the solid GE remained unchanged by
the intervention. None of the taste stimulations affected the postprandial SPB. Taste
stimulation elicited after ingestion of a meal, in contrast to that during a fast, did not
adversely modify the postprandial pattern of either the GMA or SPB, nor affect the GE of
solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Waluga
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa street 3, PL-41-205 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Anna Kasicka-Jonderko
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa street 3, PL-41-205 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Marek Dzielicki
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa street 3, PL-41-205 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kamińska
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa street 3, PL-41-205 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Bożek
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa street 3, PL-41-205 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Joanna Laskowska
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa street 3, PL-41-205 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Joanna Palka
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa street 3, PL-41-205 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Daria Jurzak
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa street 3, PL-41-205 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Joanna Rusek
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa street 3, PL-41-205 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Jonderko
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa street 3, PL-41-205 Sosnowiec, Poland
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44
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Acute vagus nerve stimulation does not affect liking or wanting ratings of food in healthy participants. Appetite 2021; 169:105813. [PMID: 34798227 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The vagus nerve plays a vital role in the regulation of food intake and vagal afferent signals may help regulate food cue reactivity by providing negative homeostatic feedback. Despite strong evidence from preclinical studies on vagal afferent "satiety" signals in guiding food intake, evidence from human studies is largely inconclusive to date. Here, we investigated the acute effects of left or right transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on subjective ratings of wanting and liking of various food and non-food items in 82 healthy participants (46 women, MBMI = 23.1 kg/m2). In contrast to previous reports in patients with depression, we found moderate to anecdotal evidence supporting the absence of taVNS-induced changes in food ratings. To test whether the absence of taVNS effects on food ratings is due to heterogeneity in the sample, we conducted post hoc subgroup analyses by splitting the data according to stimulation side and sex (between-subject factors) as well as caloric density, perceived healthiness, and flavor (sweet vs. savory) of the food (within-subject factors). This multiverse analysis largely supported the absence of taVNS-induced changes since the strongest subgroup effects provided only anecdotal evidence in favor of taVNS-induced changes. We conclude that acute taVNS only has a marginal effect on subjective ratings of food, suggesting that it is an unlikely mechanism for the reported long-term effects of VNS on body weight. In light of an absence of acute taVNS effects on conscious food liking and wanting, our results call for future research on the correspondence between acute and chronic effects of vagal afferent stimulation.
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Martins-Oliveira M, Tavares I, Goadsby PJ. Was it something I ate? Understanding the bidirectional interaction of migraine and appetite neural circuits. Brain Res 2021; 1770:147629. [PMID: 34428465 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Migraine attacks can involve changes of appetite: while fasting or skipping meals are often reported triggers in susceptible individuals, hunger or food craving are reported in the premonitory phase. Over the last decade, there has been a growing interest and recognition of the importance of studying these overlapping fields of neuroscience, which has led to novel findings. The data suggest additional studies are needed to unravel key neurobiological mechanisms underlying the bidirectional interaction between migraine and appetite. Herein, we review information about the metabolic migraine phenotype and explore migraine therapeutic targets that have a strong input on appetite neuronal circuits, including the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and the orexins. Furthermore, we focus on potential therapeutic peptide targets that are involved in regulation of feeding and play a role in migraine pathophysiology, such as neuropeptide Y, insulin, glucagon and leptin. We then examine the orexigenic - anorexigenic circuit feedback loop and explore glucose metabolism disturbances. Additionally, it is proposed a different perspective on the most reported feeding-related trigger - skipping meals - as well as a link between contrasting feeding behaviors (skipping meals vs food craving). Our review aims to increase awareness of migraine through the lens of appetite neurobiology in order to improve our understanding of the earlier phase of migraine, encourage better studies and cross-disciplinary collaborations, and provide novel migraine-specific therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Martins-Oliveira
- Headache Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Disease, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Nutrition and Metabolism Department, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Lisboa, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Isaura Tavares
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Portugal.
| | - Peter J Goadsby
- Headache Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Disease, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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46
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Zheng Y, Chen Z. Targeting Histamine and Histamine Receptors for the Precise Regulation of Feeding. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021; 59:355-387. [PMID: 34622397 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Histamine has long been accepted as an anorexigenic agent. However, lines of evidence have suggested that the roles of histamine in feeding behaviors are much more complex than previously thought, being involved in satiety, satiation, feeding motivation, feeding circadian rhythm, and taste perception and memory. The functional diversity of histamine makes it a viable target for clinical management of obesity and other feeding-related disorders. Here, we update the current knowledge about the functions of histamine in feeding and summarize the underlying molecular and neural circuit mechanisms. Finally, we review the main clinical studies about the impacts of histamine-related compounds on weight control and discuss insights into future research on the roles of histamine in feeding. Despite the recent progress in histamine research, the histaminergic feeding circuits are poorly understood, and it is also worth verifying the functions of histamine receptors in a more spatiotemporally specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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47
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Nitric Oxide: From Gastric Motility to Gastric Dysmotility. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189990. [PMID: 34576155 PMCID: PMC8470306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that nitric oxide (NO) plays a key physiological role in the control of gastrointestinal (GI) motor phenomena. In this respect, NO is considered as the main non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) inhibitory neurotransmitter responsible for smooth muscle relaxation. Moreover, many substances (including hormones) have been reported to modulate NO production leading to changes in motor responses, further underlying the importance of this molecule in the control of GI motility. An impaired NO production/release has indeed been reported to be implicated in some GI dysmotility. In this article we wanted to focus on the influence of NO on gastric motility by summarizing knowledge regarding its role in both physiological and pathological conditions. The main role of NO on regulating gastric smooth muscle motor responses, with particular reference to NO synthases expression and signaling pathways, is discussed. A deeper knowledge of nitrergic mechanisms is important for a better understanding of their involvement in gastric pathophysiological conditions of hypo- or hyper-motility states and for future therapeutic approaches. A possible role of substances which, by interfering with NO production, could prove useful in managing such motor disorders has been advanced.
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48
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Gershon MD, Margolis KG. The gut, its microbiome, and the brain: connections and communications. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:143768. [PMID: 34523615 PMCID: PMC8439601 DOI: 10.1172/jci143768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern research on gastrointestinal behavior has revealed it to be a highly complex bidirectional process in which the gut sends signals to the brain, via spinal and vagal visceral afferent pathways, and receives sympathetic and parasympathetic inputs. Concomitantly, the enteric nervous system within the bowel, which contains intrinsic primary afferent neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons, also senses the enteric environment and controls the detailed patterns of intestinal motility and secretion. The vast microbiome that is resident within the enteric lumen is yet another contributor, not only to gut behavior, but to the bidirectional signaling process, so that the existence of a microbiota-gut-brain "connectome" has become apparent. The interaction between the microbiota, the bowel, and the brain now appears to be neither a top-down nor a bottom-up process. Instead, it is an ongoing, tripartite conversation, the outline of which is beginning to emerge and is the subject of this Review. We emphasize aspects of the exponentially increasing knowledge of the microbiota-gut-brain "connectome" and focus attention on the roles that serotonin, Toll-like receptors, and macrophages play in signaling as exemplars of potentially generalizable mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kara Gross Margolis
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
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49
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Verbeure W, Rotondo A, Janssen P, Carbone F, Tack J. Supraphysiological effects of pancreatic polypeptide on gastric motor function and nutrient tolerance in humans. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15002. [PMID: 34435472 PMCID: PMC8387790 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is known to affect food intake. In this exploratory study, we set out to investigate its supraphysiological effect on food tolerance, gastric accommodation, and emptying. In 12 healthy volunteers, 0, 3, or 10 pmol*kg-1 *min-1 PP was administered intravenously (PP0, PP3 or PP10). Thirty minutes thereafter, nutrient drink infusion (60 ml*min-1 ) through a nasogastric feeding tube was started until maximum satiation. Gastric accommodation was assessed by measuring the intragastric pressure (IGP; nasogastric manometry). In a separate test, the effect of PP0 or PP10 on gastric emptying was tested in 10 healthy volunteers and assessed using the 13 C breath test. Results are presented as mean ± SEM, and p < 0.05 was considered significant. For the IGP test, PP increased ingested nutrient volume: 886 ± 93, 1059 ± 124, and 1025 ± 125 ml for PP0, PP3, and PP10, respectively (p = 0.048). In all groups, Nadir IGP values were reached upon food intake (transformed values: 1.5 ± 0.2, 1.7 ± 0.3, and 1.6 ± 0.3 mmHg for PP0, PP3, and PP10, respectively; NS) to return to baseline thereafter. For the gastric emptying study, volunteers ingested a similar nutrient volume: 802 ± 119 and 1089 ± 128 ml (p = 0.016), and gastric half-emptying time was 281 ± 52 and 249 ± 37 min for PP0 and PP10, respectively (NS). No significant correlation between tolerated nutrient volume and IGP drop (R² < 0.01; p = 0.88 for PP0 vs. PP3 and R² =0.07; p = 0.40 for PP0 vs. PP10, respectively) or gastric half-emptying time (R² = 0.12; p = 0.32) was found. A supraphysiological PP dose enhances food tolerance; however, this effect is not mediated through gastric motility. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER: NCT03854708 is obtained from clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wout Verbeure
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal DisordersKULeuvenBelgium
| | - Alessandra Rotondo
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal DisordersKULeuvenBelgium
| | - Pieter Janssen
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal DisordersKULeuvenBelgium
| | - Florencia Carbone
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal DisordersKULeuvenBelgium
| | - Jan Tack
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal DisordersKULeuvenBelgium
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50
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Fenton JM, King JA, Hoekstra SP, Willis SA, Ogawa T, Goosey-Tolfrey VL. Accentuated early postprandial satiety in people with SCI versus able-bodied controls. Appetite 2021; 167:105628. [PMID: 34389376 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In persons with spinal cord injury (SCI), reduced fat-free mass and movement-related energy expenditure increase obesity risk. Although plausible mechanisms exist, it remains unknown whether impaired appetite regulation potentiates obesity risk in SCI. This study compared postprandial responses of appetite-related hormones, appetite perceptions and the sensitivity of appetite to covert preload energy manipulation in persons with SCI and able-bodied (AB) controls. In a counterbalanced order, 12 men with high-level SCI (≥T6 vertebrae) and 12 AB controls completed two trials, consuming covert high-energy (HE; 2513 kJ) and low-energy (LE; 1008 kJ) preloads on separate occasions. Subjective appetite perceptions were assessed at 30 min intervals following preload consumption (up to 150 min) and energy intake was determined from ad libitum test meals. Appetite-related hormone (total PYY, GLP-1 and acylated ghrelin) responses were measured in the HE trial only. Within the early postprandial phase (0-60 min), subjective ratings of fullness (d = 0.83) and satisfaction (d = 0.87) were higher (P ≤ 0.028) in the group with SCI. No group differences in PYY, GLP-1 or acylated ghrelin were detected in a fasted state or postprandially (d ≤ 0.64; p ≥ 0.053). Ad libitum energy intake was lower in the SCI group (1086 vs. 1713 kJ, respectively, d = 1.00; P = 0.020) but no effect of trial (preload) was found. These findings suggest that, following isocaloric preloads, postprandial satiety may be augmented, rather than attenuated, in people with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Fenton
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK; Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, Loughborough University, UK.
| | - James A King
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK.
| | - Sven P Hoekstra
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK; Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, Loughborough University, UK.
| | - Scott A Willis
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK.
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
| | - Victoria L Goosey-Tolfrey
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK; Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, Loughborough University, UK.
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