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Balasenthilkumaran NV, Whitesell JC, Pyle L, Friedman RS, Kravets V. Network approach reveals preferential T-cell and macrophage association with α-linked β-cells in early stage of insulitis in NOD mice. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 4:1393397. [PMID: 38979061 PMCID: PMC11228247 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2024.1393397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
One of the challenges in studying islet inflammation-insulitis-is that it is a transient phenomenon. Traditional reporting of the insulitis progression is based on cumulative, donor-averaged values of leucocyte density in the vicinity of pancreatic islets, that hinder intra- and inter-islet heterogeneity of disease progression. Here, we aimed to understand why insulitis is non-uniform, often with peri-insulitis lesions formed on one side of an islet. To achieve this, we demonstrated the applicability of network theory in detangling intra-islet multi-cellular interactions during insulitis. Specifically, we asked the question "What is unique about regions of the islet that interact with immune cells first". This study utilized the non-obese diabetic mouse model of type one diabetes and examined the interplay among α-, β-, T-cells, myeloid cells, and macrophages in pancreatic islets during the progression of insulitis. Disease evolution was tracked based on the T/β cell ratio in individual islets. In the early stage, we found that immune cells are preferentially interacting with α-cell-rich regions of an islet. At the islet periphery α-linked β-cells were found to be targeted significantly more compared to those without α-cell neighbors. Additionally, network analysis revealed increased T-myeloid, and T-macrophage interactions with all β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala V. Balasenthilkumaran
- Department of Bioengineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer C. Whitesell
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Laura Pyle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Rachel S. Friedman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Vira Kravets
- Department of Bioengineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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2
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Balasenthilkumaran NV, Whitesell JC, Pyle L, Friedman R, Kravets V. Network approach reveals preferential T-cell and macrophage association with α-linked β-cells in early stage of insulitis in NOD mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.06.592831. [PMID: 38766090 PMCID: PMC11100702 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.06.592831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
One of the challenges in studying islet inflammation - insulitis - is that it is a transient phenomenon. Traditional reporting of the insulitis progression is based on cumulative, donor-averaged values of leucocyte density in the vicinity of pancreatic islets, that hinders intra- and inter-islet heterogeneity of disease progression. Here, we aimed to understand why insulitis is non-uniform, often with peri-insulitis lesions formed on one side of an islet. To achieve this, we demonstrated applicability of network theory in detangling intra-islet multi-cellular interactions during insulitis. Specifically, we asked the question "what is unique about regions of the islet which interact with immune cells first". This study utilized the non-obese diabetic mouse model of type one diabetes and examined the interplay among α-, β-, T-cells, myeloid cells, and macrophages in pancreatic islets during the progression of insulitis. Disease evolution was tracked based on T/β cell ratio in individual islets. In the early stage, we found that immune cells are preferentially interacting with α-cell-rich regions of an islet. At the islet periphery α-linked β-cells were found to be targeted significantly more compared to those without α-cell neighbors. Additionally, network analysis revealed increased T-myeloid, and T-macrophage interactions with all β-cells.
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3
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Melchiorre CK, Lynes MD, Bhandari S, Su SC, Potts CM, Thees AV, Norris CE, Liaw L, Tseng YH, Lynes MA. Extracellular metallothionein as a therapeutic target in the early progression of type 1 diabetes. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:312-325. [PMID: 38490439 PMCID: PMC10990868 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by lymphocyte infiltration into the pancreatic islets of Langerhans, leading to the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells and uncontrolled hyperglycemia. In the nonobese diabetic (NOD) murine model of T1D, the onset of this infiltration starts several weeks before glucose dysregulation and overt diabetes. Recruitment of immune cells to the islets is mediated by several chemotactic cytokines, including CXCL10, while other cytokines, including SDF-1α, can confer protective effects. Global gene expression studies of the pancreas from prediabetic NOD mice and single-cell sequence analysis of human islets from prediabetic, autoantibody-positive patients showed an increased expression of metallothionein (MT), a small molecular weight, cysteine-rich metal-binding stress response protein. We have shown that beta cells can release MT into the extracellular environment, which can subsequently enhance the chemotactic response of Th1 cells to CXCL10 and interfere with the chemotactic response of Th2 cells to SDF-1α. These effects can be blocked in vitro with a monoclonal anti-MT antibody, clone UC1MT. When administered to NOD mice before the onset of diabetes, UC1MT significantly reduces the development of T1D. Manipulation of extracellular MT may be an important approach to preserving beta cell function and preventing the development of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare K Melchiorre
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Matthew D Lynes
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Sadikshya Bhandari
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Sheng-Chiang Su
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Christian M Potts
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Amy V Thees
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Carol E Norris
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Lucy Liaw
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Lynes
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
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4
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Bender C, Müller P, Tondello C, Horn J, Holdener M, Lasch S, Bayer M, Pfeilschifter JM, Tacke F, Ludwig A, Hansmann ML, Döring C, Hintermann E, Christen U. Gene-expression profiling of laser-dissected islets and studies in deficient mice reveal chemokines as differential driving force of type 1 diabetes. J Autoimmun 2024; 143:103161. [PMID: 38141419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Although type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells, its treatment is largely restricted to exogenous insulin administration. Only few therapies targeting the autoaggressive immune system have been introduced into clinical practice or are considered in clinical trials. Here, we provide a gene expression profile of the islet microenvironment obtained by laser-dissection microscopy in an inducible mouse model. Thereby, we have identified novel targets for immune intervention. Increased gene expression of most inflammatory proteins was apparent at day 10 after T1D induction and largely paralleled the observed degree of insulitis. We further focused on genes involved in leukocyte migration, including chemokines and their receptors. Besides the critical chemokine CXCL10, we found several other chemokines upregulated locally in temporary or chronic manner. Localization of the chemokine ligand/receptor pairs to the islet microenvironment has been confirmed by RNAscope. Interference with the CXCL16-CXCR6 and CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axes, but not the CCL5-CCR1/3/5 axis, resulted in reduced insulitis and lower T1D incidence. Further, we found that the receptors for the differentially expressed chemokines CXCL10, CXCL16 and CX3CL1 are distributed unevenly among islet autoantigen-specific T cells, which explains why the interference with just one chemokine axis cannot completely abrogate insulitis and T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Bender
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology Pharmazentrum Frankfurt / ZAFES, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Müller
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology Pharmazentrum Frankfurt / ZAFES, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Camilla Tondello
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology Pharmazentrum Frankfurt / ZAFES, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jessica Horn
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology Pharmazentrum Frankfurt / ZAFES, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Holdener
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology Pharmazentrum Frankfurt / ZAFES, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stanley Lasch
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology Pharmazentrum Frankfurt / ZAFES, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Monika Bayer
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology Pharmazentrum Frankfurt / ZAFES, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Josef M Pfeilschifter
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology Pharmazentrum Frankfurt / ZAFES, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Ludwig
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin-Leo Hansmann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Claudia Döring
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Edith Hintermann
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology Pharmazentrum Frankfurt / ZAFES, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Urs Christen
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology Pharmazentrum Frankfurt / ZAFES, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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5
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Morgan NG. Insulitis in human type 1 diabetes: lessons from an enigmatic lesion. Eur J Endocrinol 2024; 190:lvae002. [PMID: 38231086 PMCID: PMC10824273 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is caused by a deficiency of insulin secretion which has been considered traditionally as the outcome of a precipitous decline in the viability of β-cells in the islets of Langerhans, brought about by autoimmune-mediated attack. Consistent with this, various classes of lymphocyte, as well as cells of the innate immune system have been found in association with islets during disease progression. However, analysis of human pancreas from subjects with type 1 diabetes has revealed that insulitis is often less intense than in equivalent animal models of the disease and can affect many fewer islets than expected, at disease onset. This is especially true in subjects developing type 1 diabetes in, or beyond, their teenage years. Such studies imply that both the phenotype and the number of immune cells present within insulitic lesions can vary among individuals in an age-dependent manner. Additionally, the influent lymphocytes are often mainly arrayed peripherally around islets rather than gaining direct access to the endocrine cell core. Thus, insulitis remains an enigmatic phenomenon in human pancreas and this review seeks to explore the current understanding of its likely role in the progression of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel G Morgan
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Science, Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, United Kingdom
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6
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Christen U, Pouzol L, Tunis M, Sassi A, Tondello C, Bayer M, Hintermann E, Strasser DS, Schuldes S, Mentzel U, Martinic MM. Combination treatment of a novel CXCR3 antagonist ACT-777991 with an anti-CD3 antibody synergistically increases persistent remission in experimental models of type 1 diabetes. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 214:131-143. [PMID: 37458220 PMCID: PMC10714188 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes with an anti-CD3 antibody leads to the transient stabilization of C-peptide levels in responder patients. Partial efficacy may be explained by the entry of islet-reactive T-cells spared by and/or regenerated after the anti-CD3 therapy. The CXCR3/CXCL10 axis has been proposed as a key player in the infiltration of autoreactive T cells into the pancreatic islets followed by the destruction of β cells. Combining the blockade of this axis using ACT-777991, a novel small-molecule CXCR3 antagonist, with anti-CD3 treatment may prevent further infiltration and β-cell damage and thus, preserve insulin production. The effect of anti-CD3 treatment on circulating T-cell subsets, including CXCR3 expression, in mice was evaluated by flow cytometry. Anti-CD3/ACT-777991 combination treatment was assessed in the virally induced RIP-LCMV-GP and NOD diabetes mouse models. Treatments started at disease onset. The effects on remission rate, blood glucose concentrations, insulitis, and plasma C-peptide were evaluated for the combination treatment and the respective monotherapies. Anti-CD3 treatment induced transient lymphopenia but spared circulating CXCR3+ T cells. Combination therapy in both mouse models synergistically and persistently reduced blood glucose concentrations, resulting in increased disease remission rates compared to each monotherapy. At the study end, mice in disease remission demonstrated reduced insulitis and detectable plasma C-peptide levels. When treatments were initiated in non-severely hyperglycemic NOD mice at diabetes onset, the combination treatment led to persistent disease remission in all mice. These results provide preclinical validation and rationale to investigate the combination of ACT-777991 with anti-CD3 for the treatment of patients with recent-onset diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs Christen
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Laetitia Pouzol
- Immunology and Pharmacology Department, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Mélanie Tunis
- Immunology and Pharmacology Department, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Anna Sassi
- Immunology and Pharmacology Department, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | - Monika Bayer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Daniel S Strasser
- Translational Biomarkers Department, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Schuldes
- Project Management Department, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Mentzel
- Pharmacology and Preclinical Development Department, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Marianne M Martinic
- Immunology and Pharmacology Department, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, Allschwil, Switzerland
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7
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James EA, Joglekar AV, Linnemann AK, Russ HA, Kent SC. The beta cell-immune cell interface in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Mol Metab 2023; 78:101809. [PMID: 37734713 PMCID: PMC10622886 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T1D is an autoimmune disease in which pancreatic islets of Langerhans are infiltrated by immune cells resulting in the specific destruction of insulin-producing islet beta cells. Our understanding of the factors leading to islet infiltration and the interplay of the immune cells with target beta cells is incomplete, especially in human disease. While murine models of T1D have provided crucial information for both beta cell and autoimmune cell function, the translation of successful therapies in the murine model to human disease has been a challenge. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here, we discuss current state of the art and consider knowledge gaps concerning the interface of the islet beta cell with immune infiltrates, with a focus on T cells. We discuss pancreatic and immune cell phenotypes and their impact on cell function in health and disease, which we deem important to investigate further to attain a more comprehensive understanding of human T1D disease etiology. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The last years have seen accelerated development of approaches that allow comprehensive study of human T1D. Critically, recent studies have contributed to our revised understanding that the pancreatic beta cell assumes an active role, rather than a passive position, during autoimmune disease progression. The T cell-beta cell interface is a critical axis that dictates beta cell fate and shapes autoimmune responses. This includes the state of the beta cell after processing internal and external cues (e.g., stress, inflammation, genetic risk) that that contributes to the breaking of tolerance by hyperexpression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I with presentation of native and neoepitopes and secretion of chemotactic factors to attract immune cells. We anticipate that emerging insights about the molecular and cellular aspects of disease initiation and progression processes will catalyze the development of novel and innovative intervention points to provide additional therapies to individuals affected by T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie A James
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alok V Joglekar
- Center for Systems Immunology and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amelia K Linnemann
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Holger A Russ
- Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sally C Kent
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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8
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Lin J, Moradi E, Salenius K, Lehtipuro S, Häkkinen T, Laiho JE, Oikarinen S, Randelin S, Parikh HM, Krischer JP, Toppari J, Lernmark Å, Petrosino JF, Ajami NJ, She JX, Hagopian WA, Rewers MJ, Lloyd RE, Rautajoki KJ, Hyöty H, Nykter M. Distinct transcriptomic profiles in children prior to the appearance of type 1 diabetes-linked islet autoantibodies and following enterovirus infection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7630. [PMID: 37993433 PMCID: PMC10665402 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42763-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the genetic basis and pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes have been studied extensively, how host responses to environmental factors might contribute to autoantibody development remains largely unknown. Here, we use longitudinal blood transcriptome sequencing data to characterize host responses in children within 12 months prior to the appearance of type 1 diabetes-linked islet autoantibodies, as well as matched control children. We report that children who present with insulin-specific autoantibodies first have distinct transcriptional profiles from those who develop GADA autoantibodies first. In particular, gene dosage-driven expression of GSTM1 is associated with GADA autoantibody positivity. Moreover, compared with controls, we observe increased monocyte and decreased B cell proportions 9-12 months prior to autoantibody positivity, especially in children who developed antibodies against insulin first. Lastly, we show that control children present transcriptional signatures consistent with robust immune responses to enterovirus infection, whereas children who later developed islet autoimmunity do not. These findings highlight distinct immune-related transcriptomic differences between case and control children prior to case progression to islet autoimmunity and uncover deficient antiviral response in children who later develop islet autoimmunity.
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Grants
- U01 DK063821 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK063863 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UL1 TR002535 NCATS NIH HHS
- U01 DK128847 NIDDK NIH HHS
- U01 DK063790 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UL1 TR000064 NCATS NIH HHS
- HHSN267200700014C NLM NIH HHS
- U01 DK063836 NIDDK NIH HHS
- U01 DK063829 NIDDK NIH HHS
- U01 DK063865 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK095300 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK063861 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK063829 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK063821 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK117483 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK063836 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK112243 NIDDK NIH HHS
- U01 DK124166 NIDDK NIH HHS
- U01 DK063861 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK063865 NIDDK NIH HHS
- U01 DK063863 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK106955 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UC4 DK100238 NIDDK NIH HHS
- Academy of Finland (Suomen Akatemia)
- Sigrid Juséliuksen Säätiö (Sigrid Jusélius Foundation)
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases)
- EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020)
- The TEDDY Study is funded by U01 DK63829, U01 DK63861, U01 DK63821, U01 DK63865, U01 DK63863, U01 DK63836, U01 DK63790, UC4 DK63829, UC4 DK63861, UC4 DK63821, UC4 DK63865, UC4 DK63863, UC4 DK63836, UC4 DK95300, UC4 DK100238, UC4 DK106955, UC4 DK112243, UC4 DK117483, U01 DK124166, U01 DK128847, and Contract No. HHSN267200700014C from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and JDRF. This work is supported in part by the NIH/NCATS Clinical and Translational Science Awards to the University of Florida (UL1 TR000064) and the University of Colorado (UL1 TR002535).
- Päivikki and Sakari Sohlberg's Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Lin
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
- Biostatistics, Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine, FIMM, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elaheh Moradi
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70150, Finland
| | - Karoliina Salenius
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
| | - Suvi Lehtipuro
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tomi Häkkinen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jutta E Laiho
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sami Oikarinen
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sofia Randelin
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hemang M Parikh
- Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Krischer
- Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, and Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University CRC, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Joseph F Petrosino
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nadim J Ajami
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Platform for Innovative Microbiome & Translational Research (PRIME-TR), Moon Shots™ Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jin-Xiong She
- Jinfiniti Precision Medicine, Inc., Augusta, GA, USA
| | - William A Hagopian
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marian J Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Richard E Lloyd
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kirsi J Rautajoki
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Matti Nykter
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland.
- Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
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9
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Pöysti S, Silojärvi S, Brodnicki TC, Catterall T, Liu X, Mackin L, Luster AD, Kay TWH, Christen U, Thomas HE, Hänninen A. Gut dysbiosis promotes islet-autoimmunity by increasing T-cell attraction in islets via CXCL10 chemokine. J Autoimmun 2023; 140:103090. [PMID: 37572540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
CXCL10 is an IFNγ-inducible chemokine implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. T-cells attracted to pancreatic islets produce IFNγ, but it is unclear what attracts the first IFNγ -producing T-cells in islets. Gut dysbiosis following administration of pathobionts induced CXCL10 expression in pancreatic islets of healthy non-diabetes-prone (C57BL/6) mice and depended on TLR4-signaling, and in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, gut dysbiosis induced also CXCR3 chemokine receptor in IGRP-reactive islet-specific T-cells in pancreatic lymph node. In amounts typical to low-grade endotoxemia, bacterial lipopolysaccharide induced CXCL10 production in isolated islets of wild type and RAG1 or IFNG-receptor-deficient but not type-I-IFN-receptor-deficient NOD mice, dissociating lipopolysaccharide-induced CXCL10 production from T-cells and IFNγ. Although mostly myeloid-cell dependent, also β-cells showed activation of innate immune signaling pathways and Cxcl10 expression in response to lipopolysaccharide indicating their independent sensitivity to dysbiosis. Thus, CXCL10 induction in response to low levels of lipopolysaccharide may allow islet-specific T-cells imprinted in pancreatic lymph node to enter in healthy islets independently of IFN-g, and thus link gut dysbiosis to early islet-autoimmunity via dysbiosis-associated low-grade endotoxemia.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Mice
- Autoimmunity
- Chemokine CXCL10/metabolism
- Chemokine CXCL10/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/etiology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dysbiosis/immunology
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Islets of Langerhans/immunology
- Islets of Langerhans/metabolism
- Lipopolysaccharides/immunology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptors, CXCR3/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR3/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR3/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakari Pöysti
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Satu Silojärvi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Tara Catterall
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xin Liu
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Leanne Mackin
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew D Luster
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas W H Kay
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Urs Christen
- Klinikum der Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Helen E Thomas
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Arno Hänninen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital Laboratory Division, Turku, Finland.
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10
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Rachdi L, Zhou Z, Berthault C, Lourenço C, Fouque A, Domet T, Armanet M, You S, Peakman M, Mallone R, Scharfmann R. Tryptophan metabolism promotes immune evasion in human pancreatic β cells. EBioMedicine 2023; 95:104740. [PMID: 37536063 PMCID: PMC10412781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To resist the autoimmune attack characteristic of type 1 diabetes, insulin producing pancreatic β cells need to evade T-cell recognition. Such escape mechanisms may be conferred by low HLA class I (HLA-I) expression and upregulation of immune inhibitory molecules such as Programmed cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1). METHODS The expression of PD-L1, HLA-I and CXCL10 was evaluated in the human β cell line, ECN90, and in primary human and mouse pancreatic islets. Most genes were determined by real-time RT-PCR, flow cytometry and Western blot. Activator and inhibitor of the AKT signaling were used to modulate PD-L1 induction. Key results were validated by monitoring activity of CD8+ Jurkat T cells presenting β cell specific T-cell receptor and transduced with reporter genes in contact culture with the human β cell line, ECN90. FINDINGS In this study, we identify tryptophan (TRP) as an agonist of PD-L1 induction through the AKT signaling pathway. TRP also synergistically enhanced PD-L1 expression on β cells exposed to interferon-γ. Conversely, interferon-γ-mediated induction of HLA-I and CXCL10 genes was down-regulated upon TRP treatment. Finally, TRP and its derivatives inhibited the activation of islet-reactive CD8+ T cells by β cells. INTERPRETATION Collectively, our findings indicate that TRP could induce immune tolerance to β cells by promoting their immune evasion through HLA-I downregulation and PD-L1 upregulation. FUNDING Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation, DON Foundation, the Laboratoire d'Excellence consortium Revive (ANR-10-LABX-0073), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-19-CE15-0014-01), Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (EQ U201903007793-EQU20193007831), Innovative Medicines InitiativeINNODIA and INNODIA HARVEST, Aides aux Jeunes Diabetiques (AJD) and Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Ltd (JDRF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Latif Rachdi
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris 75014, France.
| | - Zhicheng Zhou
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris 75014, France
| | - Claire Berthault
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris 75014, France
| | - Chloe Lourenço
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris 75014, France
| | - Alexis Fouque
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris 75014, France
| | - Thomas Domet
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Cell Therapy Unit, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris 75010, France
| | - Mathieu Armanet
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Cell Therapy Unit, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris 75010, France
| | - Sylvaine You
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris 75014, France
| | - Mark Peakman
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Roberto Mallone
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris 75014, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Diabétologie et Immunologie Clinique, Cochin Hospital, Paris 75014, France
| | - Raphael Scharfmann
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris 75014, France
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11
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Jacobsen LM, Diggins K, Blanchfield L, McNichols J, Perry DJ, Brant J, Dong X, Bacher R, Gersuk VH, Schatz DA, Atkinson MA, Mathews CE, Haller MJ, Long SA, Linsley PS, Brusko TM. Responders to low-dose ATG induce CD4+ T cell exhaustion in type 1 diabetes. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e161812. [PMID: 37432736 PMCID: PMC10543726 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.161812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDLow-dose anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) transiently preserves C-peptide and lowers HbA1c in individuals with recent-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D); however, the mechanisms of action and features of the response remain unclear. Here, we characterized the post hoc immunological outcomes of ATG administration and their potential use as biomarkers of metabolic response to therapy (i.e., improved preservation of endogenous insulin production).METHODSWe assessed gene and protein expression, targeted gene methylation, and cytokine concentrations in peripheral blood following treatment with ATG (n = 29), ATG plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (ATG/G-CSF, n = 28), or placebo (n = 31).RESULTSTreatment with low-dose ATG preserved regulatory T cells (Tregs), as measured by stable methylation of FOXP3 Treg-specific demethylation region (TSDR) and increased proportions of CD4+FOXP3+ Tregs (P < 0.001) identified by flow cytometry. While treatment effects were consistent across participants, not all maintained C-peptide. Responders exhibited a transient rise in IL-6, IP-10, and TNF-α (P < 0.05 for all) 2 weeks after treatment and a durable CD4+ exhaustion phenotype (increased PD-1+KLRG1+CD57- on CD4+ T cells [P = 0.011] and PD1+CD4+ Temra MFI [P < 0.001] at 12 weeks, following ATG and ATG/G-CSF, respectively). ATG nonresponders displayed higher proportions of senescent T cells (at baseline and after treatment) and increased methylation of EOMES (i.e., less expression of this exhaustion marker).CONCLUSIONAltogether in these exploratory analyses, Th1 inflammation-associated serum and CD4+ exhaustion transcript and cellular phenotyping profiles may be useful for identifying signatures of clinical response to ATG in T1D.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT02215200.FUNDINGThe Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust (2019PG-T1D011), the NIH (R01 DK106191 Supplement, K08 DK128628), NIH TrialNet (U01 DK085461), and the NIH NIAID (P01 AI042288).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Jacobsen
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kirsten Diggins
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lori Blanchfield
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - James McNichols
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel J. Perry
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jason Brant
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Xiaoru Dong
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Rhonda Bacher
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Vivian H. Gersuk
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Desmond A. Schatz
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mark A. Atkinson
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Clayton E. Mathews
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael J. Haller
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - S. Alice Long
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter S. Linsley
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Todd M. Brusko
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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12
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Stensland ZC, Magera CA, Broncucia H, Gomez BD, Rios-Guzman NM, Wells KL, Nicholas CA, Rihanek M, Hunter MJ, Toole KP, Gottlieb PA, Smith MJ. Identification of an anergic BND cell-derived activated B cell population (BND2) in young-onset type 1 diabetes patients. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20221604. [PMID: 37184563 PMCID: PMC10192302 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests a role for B cells in the pathogenesis of young-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D), wherein rapid progression occurs. However, little is known regarding the specificity, phenotype, and function of B cells in young-onset T1D. We performed a cross-sectional analysis comparing insulin-reactive to tetanus-reactive B cells in the blood of T1D and controls using mass cytometry. Unsupervised clustering revealed the existence of a highly activated B cell subset we term BND2 that falls within the previously defined anergic BND subset. We found a specific increase in the frequency of insulin-reactive BND2 cells in the blood of young-onset T1D donors, which was further enriched in the pancreatic lymph nodes of T1D donors. The frequency of insulin-binding BND2 cells correlated with anti-insulin autoantibody levels. We demonstrate BND2 cells are pre-plasma cells and can likely act as APCs to T cells. These findings identify an antigen-specific B cell subset that may play a role in the rapid progression of young-onset T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary C. Stensland
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christopher A. Magera
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hali Broncucia
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brittany D. Gomez
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nasha M. Rios-Guzman
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kristen L. Wells
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Catherine A. Nicholas
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marynette Rihanek
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Maya J. Hunter
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kevin P. Toole
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Peter A. Gottlieb
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mia J. Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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13
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Zhou C, Gao Y, Ding P, Wu T, Ji G. The role of CXCL family members in different diseases. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:212. [PMID: 37393391 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01524-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a large family mediating a lot of biological behaviors including chemotaxis, tumor growth, angiogenesis and so on. As one member of this family, CXC subfamily possesses the same ability. CXC chemokines can recruit and migrate different categories of immune cells, regulate tumor's pathological behaviors like proliferation, invasion and metastasis, activate angiogenesis, etc. Due to these characteristics, CXCL subfamily is extensively and closely associated with tumors and inflammatory diseases. As studies are becoming more and more intensive, CXCLs' concrete roles are better described, and CXCLs' therapeutic applications including biomarkers and targets are also deeply explained. In this review, the role of CXCL family members in various diseases is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjia Zhou
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Peilun Ding
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Quattrin T, Mastrandrea LD, Walker LSK. Type 1 diabetes. Lancet 2023; 401:2149-2162. [PMID: 37030316 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells. Individuals with type 1 diabetes are reliant on insulin for survival. Despite enhanced knowledge related to the pathophysiology of the disease, including interactions between genetic, immune, and environmental contributions, and major strides in treatment and management, disease burden remains high. Studies aimed at blocking the immune attack on β cells in people at risk or individuals with very early onset type 1 diabetes show promise in preserving endogenous insulin production. This Seminar will review the field of type 1 diabetes, highlighting recent progress within the past 5 years, challenges to clinical care, and future directions in research, including strategies to prevent, manage, and cure the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Quattrin
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Diabetes Center, John R Oishei Children's Hospital, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Lucy D Mastrandrea
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Diabetes Center, John R Oishei Children's Hospital, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Lucy S K Walker
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
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15
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Krishnamurthy B, Lacorcia M, Kay TWH, Thomas HE, Mannering SI. Monitoring immunomodulation strategies in type 1 diabetes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1206874. [PMID: 37346035 PMCID: PMC10279879 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1206874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease. Short-term treatment with agents targeting T cells, B cells and inflammatory cytokines to modify the disease course resulted in a short-term pause in disease activity. Lessons learnt from these trials will be discussed in this review. It is expected that effective disease-modifying agents will become available for use in earlier stages of T1D. Progress has been made to analyze antigen-specific T cells with standardization of T cell assay and discovery of antigen epitopes but there are many challenges. High-dimensional profiling of gene, protein and TCR expression at single cell level with innovative computational tools should lead to novel biomarker discovery. With this, assays to detect, quantify and characterize the phenotype and function of antigen-specific T cells will continuously evolve. An improved understanding of T cell responses will help researchers and clinicians to better predict disease onset, and progression, and the therapeutic efficacy of interventions to prevent or arrest T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasubramanian Krishnamurthy
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent’s Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew Lacorcia
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent’s Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas W. H. Kay
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent’s Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen E. Thomas
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent’s Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart I. Mannering
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent’s Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
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16
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Anindya R, Rutter GA, Meur G. New-onset type 1 diabetes and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:191-203. [PMID: 36529987 PMCID: PMC9877852 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a condition characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin. Loss of insulin-producing pancreatic islet β cells is one of the many causes of T1D. Viral infections have long been associated with new-onset T1D and the balance between virulence and host immunity determines whether the viral infection would lead to T1D. Herein, we detail the dynamic interaction of pancreatic β cells with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the host immune system with respect to new-onset T1D. Importantly, β cells express the crucial entry receptors and multiple studies confirmed that β cells are infected by SARS-CoV-2. Innate immune system effectors, such as natural killer cells, can eliminate such infected β cells. Although CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ regulatory T (TREG ) cells provide immune tolerance to prevent the destruction of the islet β-cell population by autoantigen-specific CD8+ T cells, it can be speculated that SARS-CoV-2 infection may compromise self-tolerance by depleting TREG -cell numbers or diminishing TREG -cell functions by repressing Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) expression. However, the expansion of β cells by self-duplication, and regeneration from progenitor cells, could effectively replace lost β cells. Appearance of islet autoantibodies following SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported in a few cases, which could imply a breakdown of immune tolerance in the pancreatic islets. However, many of the cases with newly diagnosed autoimmune response following SARS-CoV-2 infection also presented with significantly high HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) levels that indicated progression of an already set diabetes, rather than new-onset T1D. Here we review the potential underlying mechanisms behind loss of functional β-cell mass as a result of SARS-CoV-2 infection that can trigger new-onset T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Anindya
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore City, Singapore.,Centre of Research of Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gargi Meur
- ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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17
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Viswanathan A, Wood JR, Hatipoglu BA. What Is a Honeymoon in Type 1, Can It Go into Remission? Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2023; 52:175-185. [PMID: 36754493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disorder that results in destruction of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. The autoimmune process is thought to be waxing and waning resulting in variable endogenous insulin secretion ability. An example of this is the honeymoon phase or partial remission phase of type 1 diabetes, during which optimal control of blood glucoses can be maintained with significantly reduced exogenous insulin, and occasionally exogenous insulin can be temporarily discontinued altogether. Understanding this phase is important because even fairly small amounts of endogenous insulin secretion is associated with reduced risk of severe hypoglycemia and microvascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Viswanathan
- Section for Pediatric Endocrinology, Cleveland Clinic Children's, 9500 Euclid Avenue, R Building- R-3, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Jamie R Wood
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Betul A Hatipoglu
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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18
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Buckner T, Johnson RK, Vanderlinden LA, Carry PM, Romero A, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Chen WM, Fiehn O, Frohnert BI, Crume T, Perng W, Kechris K, Rewers M, Norris JM. An Oxylipin-Related Nutrient Pattern and Risk of Type 1 Diabetes in the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY). Nutrients 2023; 15:945. [PMID: 36839302 PMCID: PMC9962656 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins, pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators, are associated with the risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and may be influenced by diet. This study aimed to develop a nutrient pattern related to oxylipin profiles and test their associations with the risk of T1D among youth. The nutrient patterns were developed with a reduced rank regression in a nested case-control study (n = 335) within the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY), a longitudinal cohort of children at risk of T1D. The oxylipin profiles (adjusted for genetic predictors) were the response variables. The nutrient patterns were tested in the case-control study (n = 69 T1D cases, 69 controls), then validated in the DAISY cohort using a joint Cox proportional hazards model (n = 1933, including 81 T1D cases). The first nutrient pattern (NP1) was characterized by low beta cryptoxanthin, flavanone, vitamin C, total sugars and iron, and high lycopene, anthocyanidins, linoleic acid and sodium. After adjusting for T1D family history, the HLA genotype, sex and race/ethnicity, NP1 was associated with a lower risk of T1D in the nested case-control study (OR: 0.44, p = 0.0126). NP1 was not associated with the risk of T1D (HR: 0.54, p-value = 0.1829) in the full DAISY cohort. Future studies are needed to confirm the nested case-control findings and investigate the modifiable factors for oxylipins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Buckner
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, CU Anschutz, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Dietetics, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
| | - Randi K. Johnson
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, CU Anschutz, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CU School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lauren A. Vanderlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, CU Anschutz, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Patrick M. Carry
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, CU Anschutz, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Colorado Program for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopedics, CU School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Alex Romero
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CU School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Suna Onengut-Gumuscu
- Health Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Health Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- NIH-West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brigitte I. Frohnert
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, CU Anschutz, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Tessa Crume
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, CU Anschutz, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Wei Perng
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, CU Anschutz, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Katerina Kechris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, CU Anschutz, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Marian Rewers
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, CU Anschutz, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jill M. Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, CU Anschutz, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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19
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Derr AG, Arowosegbe A, Satish B, Redick SD, Qaisar N, Guo Z, Vanderleeden E, Trombly MI, Baer CE, Harlan DM, Greiner DL, Garber M, Wang JP. An Early Islet Transcriptional Signature Is Associated With Local Inflammation in Autoimmune Diabetes. Diabetes 2023; 72:261-274. [PMID: 36346618 PMCID: PMC9871196 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Identifying the early islet cellular processes of autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) in humans is challenging given the absence of symptoms during this period and the inaccessibility of the pancreas for sampling. In this article, we study temporal events in pancreatic islets in LEW.1WR1 rats, in which autoimmune diabetes can be induced with virus infection, by performing transcriptional analysis of islets harvested during the prediabetic period. Single-cell RNA-sequencing and differential expression analyses of islets from prediabetic rats reveal subsets of β- and α-cells under stress as evidenced by heightened expression, over time, of a transcriptional signature characterized by interferon-stimulated genes, chemokines including Cxcl10, major histocompatibility class I, and genes for the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Mononuclear phagocytes show increased expression of inflammatory markers. RNA-in situ hybridization of rat pancreatic tissue defines the spatial distribution of Cxcl10+ β- and α-cells and their association with CD8+ T cell infiltration, a hallmark of insulitis and islet destruction. Our studies define early islet transcriptional events during immune cell recruitment to islets and reveal spatial associations between stressed β- and α-cells and immune cells. Insights into such early processes can assist in the development of therapeutic and prevention strategies for T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan G. Derr
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Adediwura Arowosegbe
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Basanthi Satish
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Sambra D. Redick
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Natasha Qaisar
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Zhiru Guo
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Emma Vanderleeden
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Melanie I. Trombly
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Christina E. Baer
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - David M. Harlan
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Dale L. Greiner
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Manuel Garber
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Jennifer P. Wang
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
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20
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Roep BO. The need and benefit of immune monitoring to define patient and disease heterogeneity, mechanisms of therapeutic action and efficacy of intervention therapy for precision medicine in type 1 diabetes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1112858. [PMID: 36733487 PMCID: PMC9887285 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1112858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The current standard of care for type 1 diabetes patients is limited to treatment of the symptoms of the disease, insulin insufficiency and its complications, not its cause. Given the autoimmune nature of type 1 diabetes, immunology is critical to understand the mechanism of disease progression, patient and disease heterogeneity and therapeutic action. Immune monitoring offers the key to all this essential knowledge and is therefore indispensable, despite the challenges and costs associated. In this perspective, I attempt to make this case by providing evidence from the past to create a perspective for future trials and patient selection.
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21
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Rampanelli E, Nieuwdorp M. Gut microbiome in type 1 diabetes: the immunological perspective. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2023; 19:93-109. [PMID: 36401835 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2150612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a prevalent, and yet uncurable, autoimmune disease targeting insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells. Despite a known genetic component in T1D onset, genetics alone cannot explain the alarming worldwide rise in T1D incidence, which is attributed to a growing impact of environmental factors, including perturbations of the gut microbiome. AREAS COVERED Intestinal commensal bacteria plays a crucial role in host physiology in health and disease by regulating endocrine and immune functions. An aberrant gut microbiome structure and metabolic function have been documented prior and during T1D onset. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current studies depicting the taxonomic profile and role of the gut microbial communities in murine models of T1D, diabetic patients and human interventional trials. EXPERT OPINION Compelling evidence have shown that the intestinal microbiota is instrumental in driving differentiation and functions of immune cells. Therefore, any alterations in the intestinal microbiome composition or microbial metabolite production, particularly early in life, may impact disease susceptibility and amplify inflammatory responses and hence accelerate the course of T1D pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rampanelli
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM) Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS) Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM) Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS) Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Re-Enlightenment of Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes under the COVID-19 Pandemic. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11111662. [DOI: 10.3390/biology11111662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fulminant type 1 diabetes (FT1D) is a subtype of type 1 diabetes (T1D) that is characterized by the rapid progression to diabetic ketoacidosis against the background of rapid and almost complete pancreatic islet destruction. The HbA1c level at FT1D onset remains normal or slightly elevated despite marked hyperglycemia, reflecting the rapid clinical course of the disease, and is an important marker for diagnosis. FT1D often appears following flu-like symptoms, and there are many reports of its onset being linked to viral infections. In addition, disease-susceptibility genes have been identified in FT1D, suggesting the involvement of host factors in disease development. In most cases, islet-related autoantibodies are not detected, and histology of pancreatic tissue reveals macrophage and T cell infiltration of the islets in the early stages of FT1D, suggesting that islet destruction occurs via an immune response different from that occurring in autoimmune type 1 diabetes. From 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread worldwide and became a serious problem. Reports on the association between SARS-CoV-2 and T1D are mixed, with some suggesting an increase in T1D incidence due to the COVID-19 pandemic. When discussing the association between COVID-19 and T1D, it is also necessary to focus on FT1D. However, it is not easy to diagnose this subtype without understanding the concept. Therefore, authors hereby review the concept and the latest findings of FT1D, hoping that the association between COVID-19 and T1D will be adequately evaluated in the future.
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23
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Sargin P, Roethle MF, Jia S, Pant T, Ciecko AE, Atkinson SN, Salzman NH, Teng RJ, Chen YG, Cabrera SM, Hessner MJ. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v supplementation modulates β-cell ER stress and antioxidative defense pathways and prevents type 1 diabetes in gluten-free BioBreeding rats. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2136467. [PMID: 36261888 PMCID: PMC9586621 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2136467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of Type 1 diabetes has coincided with the emergence of the low-fiber, high-gluten Western diet and other environmental factors linked to dysbiosis. Since Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299 v (Lp299v) supplementation improves gut barrier function and reduces systemic inflammation, we studied its effects in spontaneously diabetic DRlyp/lyp rats provided a normal cereal diet (ND) or a gluten-free hydrolyzed casein diet (HCD). All rats provided ND developed diabetes (62.5±7.7 days); combining ND with Lp299v did not improve survival. Diabetes was delayed by HCD (72.2±9.4 days, p = .01) and further delayed by HCD+Lp299v (84.9±14.3 days, p < .001). HCD+Lp299v pups exhibited increased plasma propionate and butyrate levels, which correlated with enriched fecal Bifidobacteriaceae and Clostridiales taxa. Islet transcriptomic and histologic analyses at 40-days of age revealed that rats fed HCD expressed an autophagy profile, while those provided HCD+Lp299v expressed ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) and antioxidative defense pathways, including Nrf2. Exposing insulinoma cells to propionate and butyrate promoted the antioxidative defense response but did not recapitulate the HCD+Lp299v islet ERAD transcriptomic profile. Here, both diet and microbiota influenced diabetes susceptibility. Moreover, Lp299v supplement modulated antioxidative defense and ER stress responses in β-cells, potentially offering a new therapeutic direction to thwart diabetes progression and preserve insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Sargin
- The Max McGee Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Mark F. Roethle
- The Max McGee Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Shuang Jia
- The Max McGee Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Tarun Pant
- The Max McGee Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ashley E. Ciecko
- The Max McGee Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Samantha N. Atkinson
- Center for Microbiome Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Nita H. Salzman
- Center for Microbiome Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ru-Jeng Teng
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yi-Guang Chen
- The Max McGee Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Susanne M. Cabrera
- The Max McGee Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Martin J. Hessner
- The Max McGee Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,CONTACT Martin J. Hessner The Max McGee Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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24
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Sintov E, Nikolskiy I, Barrera V, Hyoje-Ryu Kenty J, Atkin AS, Gerace D, Ho Sui SJ, Boulanger K, Melton DA. Whole-genome CRISPR screening identifies genetic manipulations to reduce immune rejection of stem cell-derived islets. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1976-1990. [PMID: 36055241 PMCID: PMC9481918 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) provide opportunities for cell replacement therapy of insulin-dependent diabetes. Therapeutic quantities of human stem cell-derived islets (SC-islets) can be produced by directed differentiation. However, preventing allo-rejection and recurring autoimmunity, without the use of encapsulation or systemic immunosuppressants, remains a challenge. An attractive approach is to transplant SC-islets, genetically modified to reduce the impact of immune rejection. To determine the underlying forces that drive immunogenicity of SC-islets in inflammatory environments, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and whole-genome CRISPR screen of SC-islets under immune interaction with allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Data analysis points to “alarmed” populations of SC-islets that upregulate genes in the interferon (IFN) pathway. The CRISPR screen in vivo confirms that targeting IFNγ-induced mediators has beneficial effects on SC-islet survival under immune attack. Manipulating the IFN response by depleting chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) in SC-islet grafts confers improved survival against allo-rejection compared with wild-type grafts in humanized mice. These results offer insights into the nature of immune destruction of SC-islets during allogeneic responses and provide targets for gene editing. IFN pathway induction sets the fate of SC-islets under allogeneic immune challenge “Alarm” genes drive immunogenicity of SC-islets Genetically modified SC-islets were generated and evaluated for hypo-immunogenicity CXCL10 depletion can reduce immune activation and SC-islet graft rejection
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Sintov
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Igor Nikolskiy
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Victor Barrera
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Hyoje-Ryu Kenty
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexander S Atkin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dario Gerace
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shannan J Ho Sui
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyle Boulanger
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Douglas A Melton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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25
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The Protective Action of Metformin against Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine-Induced Human Islet Cell Damage and the Mechanisms Involved. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152465. [PMID: 35954309 PMCID: PMC9368307 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin, a drug widely used in type 2 diabetes (T2D), has been shown to protect human β-cells exposed to gluco- and/or lipotoxic conditions and those in islets from T2D donors. We assessed whether metformin could relieve the human β-cell stress induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines (which mediate β-cells damage in type 1 diabetes, T1D) and investigated the underlying mechanisms using shotgun proteomics. Human islets were exposed to 50 U/mL interleukin-1β plus 1000 U/mL interferon-γ for 48 h, with or without 2.4 µg/mL metformin. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and caspase 3/7 activity were studied, and a shotgun label free proteomics analysis was performed. Metformin prevented the reduction of GSIS and the activation of caspase 3/7 induced by cytokines. Proteomics analysis identified more than 3000 proteins in human islets. Cytokines alone altered the expression of 244 proteins (145 up- and 99 down-regulated), while, in the presence of metformin, cytokine-exposure modified the expression of 231 proteins (128 up- and 103 downregulated). Among the proteins inversely regulated in the two conditions, we found proteins involved in vesicle motility, defense against oxidative stress (including peroxiredoxins), metabolism, protein synthesis, glycolysis and its regulation, and cytoskeletal proteins. Metformin inhibited pathways linked to inflammation, immune reactions, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, and cell senescence. Some of the changes were confirmed by Western blot. Therefore, metformin prevented part of the deleterious actions of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human β-cells, which was accompanied by islet proteome modifications. This suggests that metformin, besides use in T2D, might be considered for β-cell protection in other types of diabetes, possibly including early T1D.
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26
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den Hollander NHM, Roep BO. From Disease and Patient Heterogeneity to Precision Medicine in Type 1 Diabetes. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:932086. [PMID: 35903316 PMCID: PMC9314738 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.932086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains a devastating disease that requires much effort to control. Life-long daily insulin injections or an insulin pump are required to avoid severe complications. With many factors contributing to disease onset, T1D is a complex disease to cure. In this review, the risk factors, pathophysiology and defect pathways are discussed. Results from (pre)clinical studies are highlighted that explore restoration of insulin production and reduction of autoimmunity. It has become clear that treatment responsiveness depends on certain pathophysiological or genetic characteristics that differ between patients. For instance, age at disease manifestation associated with efficacy of immune intervention therapies, such as depleting islet-specific effector T cells or memory B cells and increasing immune regulation. The new challenge is to determine in whom to apply which intervention strategy. Within patients with high rates of insulitis in early T1D onset, therapy depleting T cells or targeting B lymphocytes may have a benefit, whereas slow progressing T1D in adults may be better served with more sophisticated, precise and specific disease modifying therapies. Genetic barcoding and immune profiling may help determining from which new T1D endotypes patients suffer. Furthermore, progressed T1D needs replenishment of insulin production besides autoimmunity reversal, as too many beta cells are already lost or defect. Recurrent islet autoimmunity and allograft rejection or necrosis seem to be the most challenging obstacles. Since beta cells are highly immunogenic under stress, treatment might be more effective with stress reducing agents such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogs. Moreover, genetic editing by CRISPR-Cas9 allows to create hypoimmunogenic beta cells with modified human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression that secrete immune regulating molecules. Given the differences in T1D between patients, stratification of endotypes in clinical trials seems essential for precision medicines and clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoline H M den Hollander
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Graduate School, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Bart O Roep
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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27
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Niinistö S, Miettinen ME, Cuthbertson D, Honkanen J, Hakola L, Autio R, Erlund I, Arohonka P, Vuorela A, Härkönen T, Hyöty H, Krischer JP, Vaarala O, Knip M, Virtanen SM. Associations Between Serum Fatty Acids and Immunological Markers in Children Developing Islet Autoimmunity-The TRIGR Nested Case-Control Study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:858875. [PMID: 35693790 PMCID: PMC9175567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.858875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Altered immune functions as well as fatty acid intake and status have been associated with the development of type 1 diabetes. We aimed to study the relationship between fatty acids and immunological markers in young children with increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes in order to define putative mechanisms related to development of islet autoimmunity. Methods Serum samples for fatty acid and immunological marker measurements were obtained in the Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk (TRIGR) ancillary study (Divia) from children born between 2002 and 2007 in 15 countries. Case children (n = 95) were defined as having repeated positivity for at least two out of four diabetes-associated autoantibodies. For each case child, control children were selected matched for country and date of birth (n = 173). Serum fatty acids and immunological markers were measured from cord serum and at the age of 6 and 12 months. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated between fatty acids and immunological markers. Results Correlations between circulating fatty acids and immunological markers were different in case children who developed islet autoimmunity than in control children already at birth continuing across the first year of life. In case children, saturated fatty acids (SFAs) showed stronger correlations with immunological markers, while in controls, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) showed stronger correlations. Conclusions In cases, SFAs were associated with several immunological markers (CXCL10, IL-6, IL-9, IL-17, and CM-CSF) previously linked to the type 1 diabetes disease process. Findings indicate that fatty acids could have immunomodulatory potential in the early phase of the disease development, although causality between fatty acids and the immunological pathways remains to be explored. Trial registry number NCT00179777.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Niinistö
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija E. Miettinen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David Cuthbertson
- Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jarno Honkanen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Hakola
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Tampere University Hospital, Research, Development and Innovation Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - Reija Autio
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Iris Erlund
- Department of Government Services, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petra Arohonka
- Department of Government Services, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arja Vuorela
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Härkönen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jeffrey P. Krischer
- Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Outi Vaarala
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Knip
- Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Suvi M. Virtanen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Tampere University Hospital, Research, Development and Innovation Center, Tampere, Finland
- Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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28
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Autoantibodies Against the Glial Glutamate Transporter GLT1/EAAT2 in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Clues to novel immunological and non-immunological therapies. Pharmacol Res 2022; 177:106130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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29
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Houeiss P, Luce S, Boitard C. Environmental Triggering of Type 1 Diabetes Autoimmunity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:933965. [PMID: 35937815 PMCID: PMC9353023 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.933965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which pancreatic islet β cells are destroyed by immune cells, ultimately leading to overt diabetes. The progressive increase in T1D incidence over the years points to the role of environmental factors in triggering or accelerating the disease process which develops on a highly multigenic susceptibility background. Evidence that environmental factors induce T1D has mostly been obtained in animal models. In the human, associations between viruses, dietary habits or changes in the microbiota and the development of islet cell autoantibodies or overt diabetes have been reported. So far, prediction of T1D development is mostly based on autoantibody detection. Future work should focus on identifying a causality between the different environmental risk factors and T1D development to improve prediction scores. This should allow developing preventive strategies to limit the T1D burden in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Houeiss
- Laboratory Immunology of Diabetes, Department EMD, Cochin Institute, INSERMU1016, Paris, France
- Medical Faculty, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Luce
- Laboratory Immunology of Diabetes, Department EMD, Cochin Institute, INSERMU1016, Paris, France
- Medical Faculty, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Christian Boitard
- Laboratory Immunology of Diabetes, Department EMD, Cochin Institute, INSERMU1016, Paris, France
- Medical Faculty, Paris University, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Christian Boitard,
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Cxcl10 chemokine induces migration of ING4-deficient breast cancer cells via a novel crosstalk mechanism between the Cxcr3 and Egfr receptors. Mol Cell Biol 2021; 42:e0038221. [PMID: 34871062 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00382-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine Cxcl10 has been associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer, but the mechanism is not well understood. Our previous study have shown that CXCL10 was repressed by the ING4 tumor suppressor, suggesting a potential inverse functional relationship. We thus investigated a role for Cxcl10 in the context of ING4 deficiencies in breast cancer. We first analyzed public gene expression datasets and found that patients with CXCL10-high/ING4-low expressing tumors had significantly reduced disease-free survival in breast cancer. In vitro, Cxcl10 induced migration of ING4-deleted breast cancer cells, but not of ING4-intact cells. Using inhibitors, we found that Cxcl10-induced migration of ING4-deleted cells required Cxcr3, Egfr, and the Gβγ subunits downstream of Cxcr3, but not Gαi. Immunofluorescent imaging showed that Cxcl10 induced early transient colocalization between Cxcr3 and Egfr in both ING4-intact and ING4-deleted cells, which recurred only in ING4-deleted cells. A peptide agent that binds to the internal juxtamembrane domain of Egfr inhibited Cxcr3/Egfr colocalization and cell migration. Taken together, these results presented a novel mechanism of Cxcl10 that elicits migration of ING4-deleted cells, in part by inducing a physical or proximal association between Cxcr3 and Egfr and signaling downstream via Gβγ. These results further indicated that ING4 plays a critical role in the regulation of Cxcl10 signaling that enables breast cancer progression.
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Oh E, McCown EM, Ahn M, Garcia PA, Branciamore S, Tang S, Zeng DF, Roep BO, Thurmond DC. Syntaxin 4 Enrichment in β-Cells Prevents Conversion to Autoimmune Diabetes in Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) Mice. Diabetes 2021; 70:2837-2849. [PMID: 34556496 PMCID: PMC8660989 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Syntaxin 4 (STX4), a plasma membrane-localized SNARE protein, regulates human islet β-cell insulin secretion and preservation of β-cell mass. We found that human type 1 diabetes (T1D) and NOD mouse islets show reduced β-cell STX4 expression, consistent with decreased STX4 expression, as a potential driver of T1D phenotypes. To test this hypothesis, we generated inducible β-cell-specific STX4-expressing NOD mice (NOD-iβSTX4). Of NOD-iβSTX4 mice, 73% had sustained normoglycemia vs. <20% of control NOD (NOD-Ctrl) mice by 25 weeks of age. At 12 weeks of age, before diabetes conversion, NOD-iβSTX4 mice demonstrated superior whole-body glucose tolerance and β-cell glucose responsiveness than NOD-Ctrl mice. Higher β-cell mass and reduced β-cell apoptosis were also detected in NOD-iβSTX4 pancreata compared with pancreata of NOD-Ctrl mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that islets from NOD-iβSTX4 had markedly reduced interferon-γ signaling and tumor necrosis factor-α signaling via nuclear factor-κB in islet β-cells, including reduced expression of the chemokine CCL5; CD4+ regulatory T cells were also enriched in NOD-iβSTX4 islets. These results provide a deeper mechanistic understanding of STX4 function in β-cell protection and warrant further investigation of STX4 enrichment as a strategy to reverse or prevent T1D in humans or protect β-cell grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Oh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA
| | - Erika M McCown
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA
| | - Miwon Ahn
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA
| | - Pablo A Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA
| | - Sergio Branciamore
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA
| | - Shanshan Tang
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA
| | - De-Fu Zeng
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA
| | - Bart O Roep
- Department of Diabetes Immunology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA
| | - Debbie C Thurmond
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA
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Ooms M, Strom A, Strassburger K, Menart B, Leslie RD, Schloot NC. Increased spontaneous CCL2 (MCP-1) and CCL5 (RANTES) secretion in vitro in LADA compared to type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes: Action LADA 14. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2021; 37:e3431. [PMID: 33369072 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Immune-mediated type 1 diabetes (T1D) in adulthood and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) share similar pathological mechanisms but differ clinically in disease progression. The aim of this study was to acquire insights into spontaneous and stimulated chemokine secretion of immune cells in different diabetes types. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated in vitro spontaneous, mitogen (PI) and antigen (HSP60, p277, pGAD, pIA2) stimulated chemokine secretion of leucocytes from patients with T1D (n = 32), LADA (n = 22), type 2 diabetes (T2D; n = 49), and glucose-tolerant individuals (n = 13). Chemokine concentration in supernatants was measured for CCL2 (MCP-1), CXCL10 (IP10) and CCL5 (RANTES) using a multiplex bead array assay. RESULTS Spontaneous secretion of CCL2 and CCL5 were higher in LADA compared to T1D and T2D (all p < 0.05) while CXCL10 was similar in the groups. Mitogen-stimulated secretion of CCL2 in LADA was lower compared to T1D and T2D (all p < 0.05) while CXCL10 and CCL5 were similar in all groups. Upon stimulation with pIA2 the secretion of CCL2 in LADA was lower compared to T2D (p < 0.05). Spontaneous CXCL10 secretion in LADA was positively associated with body mass index (r2 = 0.35; p = 0.0035) and C-peptide (r2 = 0.30; p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Chemokine secretion is altered between different diabetes types. Increased spontaneous secretion of CCL2 and CCL5 and decreased secretion of CCL2, upon stimulation with PI and pIA2, in LADA compared to T1D and T2D could reflect altered immune responsiveness in LADA patients in association with their slower clinical progression compared to insulin dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Ooms
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Clinic and Policlinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Strom
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Strassburger
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Barbara Menart
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Richard D Leslie
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nanette C Schloot
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Zipris D. Visceral Adipose Tissue: A New Target Organ in Virus-Induced Type 1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:702506. [PMID: 34421908 PMCID: PMC8371384 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.702506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a proinflammatory pathology that leads to the specific destruction of insulin producing β-cells and hyperglycaemia. Much of the knowledge about type 1 diabetes (T1D) has focused on mechanisms of disease progression such as adaptive immune cells and the cytokines that control their function, whereas mechanisms linked with the initiation of the disease remain unknown. It has been hypothesized that in addition to genetics, environmental factors play a pivotal role in triggering β-cell autoimmunity. The BioBreeding Diabetes Resistant (BBDR) and LEW1.WR1 rats have been used to decipher the mechanisms that lead to virus-induced T1D. Both animals develop β-cell inflammation and hyperglycemia upon infection with the parvovirus Kilham Rat Virus (KRV). Our earlier in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that KRV-induced innate immune upregulation early in the disease course plays a causal role in triggering β-cell inflammation and destruction. Furthermore, we recently found for the first time that infection with KRV induces inflammation in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) detectable as early as day 1 post-infection prior to insulitis and hyperglycemia. The proinflammatory response in VAT is associated with macrophage recruitment, proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine upregulation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and oxidative stress responses, apoptosis, and downregulation of adipokines and molecules that mediate insulin signaling. Downregulation of inflammation suppresses VAT inflammation and T1D development. These observations are strikingly reminiscent of data from obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in which VAT inflammation is believed to play a causal role in disease mechanisms. We propose that VAT inflammation and dysfunction may be linked with the mechanism of T1D progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Zipris
- Innate Biotechnologies LLC, Denver, CO, United States
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Kreiner FF, von Scholten BJ, Coppieters K, von Herrath M. Current state of antigen-specific immunotherapy for type 1 diabetes. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2021; 28:411-418. [PMID: 34101651 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Update on antigen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) in type 1 diabetes (T1D) with focus on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-induced immunization and the current obstacles to further research and clinical realization. RECENT FINDINGS In T1D, immune system imbalances together with malfunctioning islet-specific processes cause autoreactive immune cells to destroy beta cells in the islets. ASIT may restore self-tolerance; however, the approach has yet to fully meet its promise and may require co-administration of antigen (preproinsulin) and suitable immune response modifiers. SUMMARY A self-tolerant immune system may be regained using ASIT where T effector cells are repressed and/or T regulatory cells are induced. Administration of exogenous antigens has been safe in T1D. Conversely, adequate and lasting beta cell preservation has yet to be tested in sufficiently large clinical trials in suitable patients and may require targeting of multiple parts of the immunopathophysiology using combination therapies. DNA-based induction of native antigen expression to ensure important posttranscriptional modifications and presentation to the immune system together with tolerance-enhancing immune response modifiers (i.e., cytokines) may be more efficacious than exogenous antigens given alone. Progress is limited mainly by the scarcity of validated biomarkers to track the effects of ASIT in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matthias von Herrath
- Global Chief Medical Office, Novo Nordisk A/S, Søborg
- Type 1 Diabetes Center, The La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
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Buckner T, Vanderlinden LA, DeFelice BC, Carry PM, Kechris K, Dong F, Fiehn O, Frohnert BI, Clare-Salzler M, Rewers M, Norris JM. The oxylipin profile is associated with development of type 1 diabetes: the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY). Diabetologia 2021; 64:1785-1794. [PMID: 33893822 PMCID: PMC8249332 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05457-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Oxylipins are lipid mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids. Some oxylipins are proinflammatory (e.g. those derived from arachidonic acid [ARA]), others are pro-resolving of inflammation (e.g. those derived from α-linolenic acid [ALA], docosahexaenoic acid [DHA] and eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA]) and others may be both (e.g. those derived from linoleic acid [LA]). The goal of this study was to examine whether oxylipins are associated with incident type 1 diabetes. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control analysis in the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY), a prospective cohort study of children at risk of type 1 diabetes. Plasma levels of 14 ARA-derived oxylipins, ten LA-derived oxylipins, six ALA-derived oxylipins, four DHA-derived oxylipins and two EPA-related oxylipins were measured by ultra-HPLC-MS/MS at multiple timepoints related to autoantibody seroconversion in 72 type 1 diabetes cases and 71 control participants, which were frequency matched on age at autoantibody seroconversion (of the case), ethnicity and sample availability. Linear mixed models were used to obtain an age-adjusted mean of each oxylipin prior to type 1 diabetes. Age-adjusted mean oxylipins were tested for association with type 1 diabetes using logistic regression, adjusting for the high risk HLA genotype HLA-DR3/4,DQB1*0302. We also performed principal component analysis of the oxylipins and tested principal components (PCs) for association with type 1 diabetes. Finally, to investigate potential critical timepoints, we examined the association of oxylipins measured before and after autoantibody seroconversion (of the cases) using PCs of the oxylipins at those visits. RESULTS The ARA-related oxylipin 5-HETE was associated with increased type 1 diabetes risk. Five LA-related oxylipins, two ALA-related oxylipins and one DHA-related oxylipin were associated with decreased type 1 diabetes risk. A profile of elevated LA- and ALA-related oxylipins (PC1) was associated with decreased type 1 diabetes risk (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.40, 0.94). A profile of elevated ARA-related oxylipins (PC2) was associated with increased diabetes risk (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.03, 2.29). A critical timepoint analysis showed type 1 diabetes was associated with a high ARA-related oxylipin profile at post-autoantibody-seroconversion but not pre-seroconversion. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The protective association of higher LA- and ALA-related oxylipins demonstrates the importance of both inflammation promotion and resolution in type 1 diabetes. Proinflammatory ARA-related oxylipins may play an important role once the autoimmune process has begun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Buckner
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Patrick M Carry
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Fran Dong
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Marian Rewers
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jill M Norris
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Erdem N, Montero E, Roep BO. Breaking and restoring immune tolerance to pancreatic beta-cells in type 1 diabetes. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2021; 28:397-403. [PMID: 34183540 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the loss of immune tolerance to pancreatic beta-cells leading to their destruction. Immune intervention therapies tested in T1D so far delayed progression but failed to restore tolerance, which partly explains their lack of durable clinical efficacy. RECENT FINDINGS The role of beta-cells and islets themselves in dialogue with their micro- and macro-environment including the immune system and the intestinal microbiome is increasingly evident. Indeed, islets can both maintain and break immune tolerance. Some recent immune therapies in cancer that block immune regulation also break tolerance. Induction of immune tolerance requires activating immune activation too, whereas immune suppression precludes this process. Immunotherapy alone my not suffice without engaging islets to restore tolerance and preserve beta-cell function. SUMMARY New insight into the role of islet tissue and its interaction with its environment in preserving or breaking tolerance has contributed to understand the development of islet autoimmunity and T1D. Knowing which factors in islets and the immune system contribute to maintaining, breaking, and restoring the balance in the immune system is critical to prevent initiation and reverse disease progression, and guides the design of novel tolerogenic strategies for durable therapeutic intervention and remission that target both the immune system and distressed islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Erdem
- The Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute at the Beckman Research Institute
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Enrique Montero
- The Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute at the Beckman Research Institute
| | - Bart O Roep
- The Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute at the Beckman Research Institute
- Department Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Rodriguez-Calvo T, Christoffersson G, Bender C, von Herrath MG, Mallone R, Kent SC, James EA. Means, Motive, and Opportunity: Do Non-Islet-Reactive Infiltrating T Cells Contribute to Autoimmunity in Type 1 Diabetes? Front Immunol 2021; 12:683091. [PMID: 34220832 PMCID: PMC8242234 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.683091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In human type 1 diabetes and animal models of the disease, a diverse assortment of immune cells infiltrates the pancreatic islets. CD8+ T cells are well represented within infiltrates and HLA multimer staining of pancreas sections provides clear evidence that islet epitope reactive T cells are present within autoimmune lesions. These bona fide effectors have been a key research focus because these cells represent an intellectually attractive culprit for β cell destruction. However, T cell receptors are highly diverse in human insulitis. This suggests correspondingly broad antigen specificity, which includes a majority of T cells for which there is no evidence of islet-specific reactivity. The presence of “non-cognate” T cells in insulitis raises suspicion that their role could be beyond that of an innocent bystander. In this perspective, we consider the potential pathogenic contribution of non-islet-reactive T cells. Our intellectual framework will be that of a criminal investigation. Having arraigned islet-specific CD8+ T cells for the murder of pancreatic β cells, we then turn our attention to the non-target immune cells present in human insulitis and consider the possible regulatory, benign, or effector roles that they may play in disease. Considering available evidence, we overview the case that can be made that non-islet-reactive infiltrating T cells should be suspected as co-conspirators or accessories to the crime and suggest some possible routes forward for reaching a better understanding of their role in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Rodriguez-Calvo
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gustaf Christoffersson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christine Bender
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, Type 1 Diabetes Center at La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Matthias G von Herrath
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, Type 1 Diabetes Center at La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Roberto Mallone
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Cochin Hospital, Service de Diabétologie et Immunologie Clinique, Paris, France
| | - Sally C Kent
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Eddie A James
- Translatonal Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle WA, United States
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Roep BO, Thomaidou S, van Tienhoven R, Zaldumbide A. Type 1 diabetes mellitus as a disease of the β-cell (do not blame the immune system?). Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:150-161. [PMID: 33293704 PMCID: PMC7722981 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-00443-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is believed to result from destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells in pancreatic islets that is mediated by autoimmune mechanisms. The classic view is that autoreactive T cells mistakenly destroy healthy ('innocent') β-cells. We propose an alternative view in which the β-cell is the key contributor to the disease. By their nature and function, β-cells are prone to biosynthetic stress with limited measures for self-defence. β-Cell stress provokes an immune attack that has considerable negative effects on the source of a vital hormone. This view would explain why immunotherapy at best delays progression of type 1 diabetes mellitus and points to opportunities to use therapies that revitalize β-cells, in combination with immune intervention strategies, to reverse the disease. We present the case that dysfunction occurs in both the immune system and β-cells, which provokes further dysfunction, and present the evidence leading to the consensus that islet autoimmunity is an essential component in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Next, we build the case for the β-cell as the trigger of an autoimmune response, supported by analogies in cancer and antitumour immunity. Finally, we synthesize a model ('connecting the dots') in which both β-cell stress and islet autoimmunity can be harnessed as targets for intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart O Roep
- Department of Diabetes Immunology, Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
| | - Sofia Thomaidou
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - René van Tienhoven
- Department of Diabetes Immunology, Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arnaud Zaldumbide
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Szymczak F, Colli ML, Mamula MJ, Evans-Molina C, Eizirik DL. Gene expression signatures of target tissues in type 1 diabetes, lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/2/eabd7600. [PMID: 33523973 PMCID: PMC7787485 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd7600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are typically studied with a focus on the immune system, and less attention is paid to responses of target tissues exposed to the immune assault. We presently evaluated, based on available RNA sequencing data, whether inflammation induces similar molecular signatures at the target tissues in type 1 diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. We identified confluent signatures, many related to interferon signaling, indicating pathways that may be targeted for therapy, and observed a high (>80%) expression of candidate genes for the different diseases at the target tissue level. These observations suggest that future research on autoimmune diseases should focus on both the immune system and the target tissues, and on their dialog. Discovering similar disease-specific signatures may allow the identification of key pathways that could be targeted for therapy, including the repurposing of drugs already in clinical use for other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Szymczak
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles-Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M L Colli
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - M J Mamula
- Section of Rheumatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - C Evans-Molina
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - D L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute (IBRI), Indianapolis, IN, USA
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40
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de Groot P, Nikolic T, Pellegrini S, Sordi V, Imangaliyev S, Rampanelli E, Hanssen N, Attaye I, Bakker G, Duinkerken G, Joosten A, Prodan A, Levin E, Levels H, Potter van Loon B, van Bon A, Brouwer C, van Dam S, Simsek S, van Raalte D, Stam F, Gerdes V, Hoogma R, Diekman M, Gerding M, Rustemeijer C, de Bakker B, Hoekstra J, Zwinderman A, Bergman J, Holleman F, Piemonti L, De Vos W, Roep B, Nieuwdorp M. Faecal microbiota transplantation halts progression of human new-onset type 1 diabetes in a randomised controlled trial. Gut 2021; 70:92-105. [PMID: 33106354 PMCID: PMC7788262 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterised by islet autoimmunity and beta cell destruction. A gut microbiota-immunological interplay is involved in the pathophysiology of T1D. We studied microbiota-mediated effects on disease progression in patients with type 1 diabetes using faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). DESIGN Patients with recent-onset (<6 weeks) T1D (18-30 years of age) were randomised into two groups to receive three autologous or allogenic (healthy donor) FMTs over a period of 4 months. Our primary endpoint was preservation of stimulated C peptide release assessed by mixed-meal tests during 12 months. Secondary outcome parameters were changes in glycaemic control, fasting plasma metabolites, T cell autoimmunity, small intestinal gene expression profile and intestinal microbiota composition. RESULTS Stimulated C peptide levels were significantly preserved in the autologous FMT group (n=10 subjects) compared with healthy donor FMT group (n=10 subjects) at 12 months. Small intestinal Prevotella was inversely related to residual beta cell function (r=-0.55, p=0.02), whereas plasma metabolites 1-arachidonoyl-GPC and 1-myristoyl-2-arachidonoyl-GPC levels linearly correlated with residual beta cell preservation (rho=0.56, p=0.01 and rho=0.46, p=0.042, respectively). Finally, baseline CD4 +CXCR3+T cell counts, levels of small intestinal Desulfovibrio piger and CCL22 and CCL5 gene expression in duodenal biopsies predicted preserved beta cell function following FMT irrespective of donor characteristics. CONCLUSION FMT halts decline in endogenous insulin production in recently diagnosed patients with T1D in 12 months after disease onset. Several microbiota-derived plasma metabolites and bacterial strains were linked to preserved residual beta cell function. This study provides insight into the role of the intestinal gut microbiome in T1D. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NTR3697.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter de Groot
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja Nikolic
- Department of Internal Medicine, LUMC, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Pellegrini
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Sordi
- Diabetes Research Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sultan Imangaliyev
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Rampanelli
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Nordin Hanssen
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Ilias Attaye
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Guido Bakker
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Gaby Duinkerken
- Department of Internal Medicine, LUMC, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Antoinette Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, LUMC, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Andrei Prodan
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Evgeni Levin
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Han Levels
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arianne van Bon
- Internal Medicine, Rijnstate, Arnhem, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - Catherina Brouwer
- Internal Medicine, OLVG, Location Oost, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Sytze van Dam
- Internal Medicine, OLVG, Location Oost, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Suat Simsek
- Internal Medicine, North West Hospital Group, Alkmaar, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel van Raalte
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Stam
- Internal Medicine, North West Hospital Group, Alkmaar, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Victor Gerdes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Hoogma
- Internal Medicine, Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Diekman
- Internal Medicine, Deventer Hospital, Deventer, Overijssel, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Gerding
- Internal Medicine, Deventer Hospital, Deventer, Overijssel, The Netherlands
| | - Cees Rustemeijer
- Internal Medicine, Hospital Amstelland, Amstelveen, North Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Bernadette de Bakker
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Hoekstra
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Aeilko Zwinderman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques Bergman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frits Holleman
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Bart Roep
- Department of Internal Medicine, LUMC, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
- Department of Diabetes Immunology, Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute at the Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
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Nigi L, Maccora C, Dotta F, Sebastiani G. From immunohistological to anatomical alterations of human pancreas in type 1 diabetes: New concepts on the stage. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020; 36:e3264. [PMID: 31850667 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The histological analysis of human pancreatic samples in type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been proven essential to move forward in the evaluation of in situ events characterizing T1D. Increasing availability of pancreatic tissues collected from diabetic multiorgan donors by centralized biorepositories, which have shared tissues among researchers in the field, has allowed a deeper understanding of T1D pathophysiology, using novel immunohistological and high-throughput methods. In this review, we provide a comprehensive update of the main recent advancements in the characterization of cellular and molecular events involving endocrine and exocrine pancreas as well as the immune system in the onset and progression of T1D. Additionally, we underline novel elements, which provide evidence that T1D pathological changes affect not only islet β-cells but also the entire pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Nigi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- UOC Diabetologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Carla Maccora
- UOC Diabetologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- UOC Diabetologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Guido Sebastiani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart O Roep
- Department of Diabetes Immunology, Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute at the Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA .,Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Fallahi P, Ferrari SM, Ragusa F, Ruffilli I, Elia G, Paparo SR, Antonelli A. Th1 Chemokines in Autoimmune Endocrine Disorders. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5683662. [PMID: 31863667 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The CXC chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its chemokines CXCL10, CXCL9, and CXCL11 are implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Here, we review these chemokines in autoimmune thyroiditis (AT), Graves disease (GD), thyroid eye disease (TED), type 1 diabetes (T1D), and Addison's disease (AAD). EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A PubMed review of the literature was conducted, searching for the above-mentioned chemokines in combination with AT, GD, TED, T1D, and AAD. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Thyroid follicular cells in AT and GD, retroorbital cells in TED (fibroblasts, preadipocytes, myoblasts), β cells and islets in T1D, and adrenal cells in AAD respond to interferon-γ (IFN-γ) stimulation producing large amounts of these chemokines. Furthermore, lymphocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are in part responsible for the secreted Th1 chemokines. In AT, GD, TED, T1D, and AAD, the circulating levels of these chemokines have been shown to be high. Furthermore, these chemokines have been associated with the early phases of the autoimmune response in all the above-mentioned disorders. High levels of these chemokines have been associated also with the "active phase" of the disease in GD, and also in TED. Other studies have shown an association with the severity of hypothyroidism in AD, of hyperthyroidism in GD, with severity of TED, or with fulminant T1D. CONCLUSION The reviewed data have shown the importance of the Th1 immune response in different endocrine autoimmune diseases, and many studies have suggested that CXCR3 and its chemokines might be considered as potential targets of new drugs for the treatment of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ruffilli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Suwandi JS, Laban S, Vass K, Joosten A, van Unen V, Lelieveldt BP, Höllt T, Zwaginga JJ, Nikolic T, Roep BO. Multidimensional analyses of proinsulin peptide-specific regulatory T cells induced by tolerogenic dendritic cells. J Autoimmun 2020; 107:102361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Nigi L, Brusco N, Grieco GE, Licata G, Krogvold L, Marselli L, Gysemans C, Overbergh L, Marchetti P, Mathieu C, Dahl Jørgensen K, Sebastiani G, Dotta F. Pancreatic Alpha-Cells Contribute Together With Beta-Cells to CXCL10 Expression in Type 1 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:630. [PMID: 33042009 PMCID: PMC7523508 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 10 (CXCL10) is a pro-inflammatory chemokine specifically recognized by the ligand receptor CXCR3 which is mostly expressed in T-lymphocytes. Although CXCL10 expression and secretion have been widely associated to pancreatic islets both in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and in human type 1 diabetic (T1D) donors, the specific expression pattern among pancreatic endocrine cell subtypes has not been clarified yet. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to shed light on the pancreatic islet expression of CXCL10 in NOD, in C57Bl/6J and in NOD-SCID mice as well as in human T1D pancreata from new-onset T1D patients (DiViD study) compared to non-diabetic multiorgan donors from the INNODIA European Network for Pancreatic Organ Donors with Diabetes (EUnPOD). CXCL10 was expressed in pancreatic islets of normoglycaemic and new-onset diabetic NOD mice but not in C57Bl/6J and NOD-SCID mice. CXCL10 expression was increased in pancreatic islets of new-onset diabetic NOD mice compared to normoglycaemic NOD mice. In NOD mice, CXCL10 colocalized both with insulin and glucagon. Interestingly, CXCL10-glucagon colocalization rate was significantly increased in diabetic vs. normoglycaemic NOD mouse islets, indicating an increased expression of CXCL10 also in alpha-cells. CXCL10 was expressed in pancreatic islets of T1D patients but not in non-diabetic donors. The analysis of the expression pattern of CXCL10 in human T1D pancreata from DiViD study, revealed an increased colocalization rate with glucagon compared to insulin. Of note, CXCL10 was also expressed in alpha-cells residing in insulin-deficient islets (IDI), suggesting that CXCL10 expression in alpha cells is not driven by residual beta-cells and therefore may represent an independent phenomenon. In conclusion, we show that in T1D CXCL10 is expressed by alpha-cells both in NOD mice and in T1D patients, thus pointing to an additional novel role for alpha-cells in T1D pathogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Nigi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Noemi Brusco
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppina E. Grieco
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Giada Licata
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Lars Krogvold
- Faculty of Odontology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lorella Marselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Conny Gysemans
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU LEUVEN), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lut Overbergh
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU LEUVEN), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU LEUVEN), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Knut Dahl Jørgensen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guido Sebastiani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
- Tuscany Centre for Precision Medicine (CReMeP), Siena, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesco Dotta
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46
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Bender C, Rajendran S, von Herrath MG. New Insights Into the Role of Autoreactive CD8 T Cells and Cytokines in Human Type 1 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:606434. [PMID: 33469446 PMCID: PMC7813992 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.606434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the establishment of the network for pancreatic organ donors with diabetes (nPOD), we have gained unprecedented insight into the pathology of human type 1 diabetes. Many of the pre-existing "dogmas", mostly derived from studies of animal models and sometimes limited human samples, have to be revised now. For example, we have learned that autoreactive CD8 T cells are present even in healthy individuals within the exocrine pancreas. Furthermore, their "attraction" to islets probably relies on beta-cell intrinsic events, such as the over-expression of MHC class I and resulting presentation of autoantigens such as (prepro)insulin. In addition, we are discovering other signs of beta-cell dysfunction, possibly at least in part due to stress, such as the over-expression of certain cytokines. This review summarizes the latest developments focusing on cytokines and autoreactive CD8 T cells in human type 1 diabetes pathogenesis.
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47
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Christen U, Kimmel R. Chemokines as Drivers of the Autoimmune Destruction in Type 1 Diabetes: Opportunity for Therapeutic Intervention in Consideration of an Optimal Treatment Schedule. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:591083. [PMID: 33193102 PMCID: PMC7604482 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.591083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is mainly precipitated by the destruction of insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans by autoaggressive T cells. The etiology of the disease is still not clear, but besides genetic predisposition the exposure to environmental triggers seems to play a major role. Virus infection of islets has been demonstrated in biopsies of T1D patients, but there is still no firm proof that such an infection indeed results in islet-specific autoimmunity. However, virus infection results in a local inflammation with expression of inflammatory factors, such as cytokines and chemokines that attract and activate immune cells, including potential autoreactive T cells. Many chemokines have been found to be elevated in the serum and expressed by islet cells of T1D patients. In mouse models, it has been demonstrated that β-cells express chemokines involved in the initial recruitment of immune cells to the islets. The bulk load of chemokines is however released by the infiltrating immune cells that also express multiple chemokine receptors. The result is a mutual attraction of antigen-presenting cells and effector immune cells in the local islet microenvironment. Although there is a considerable redundancy within the chemokine ligand-receptor network, a few chemokines, such as CXCL10, seem to play a key role in the T1D pathogenesis. Studies with neutralizing antibodies and investigations in chemokine-deficient mice demonstrated that interfering with certain chemokine ligand-receptor axes might also ameliorate human T1D. However, one important aspect of such a treatment is the time of administration. Blockade of the recruitment of immune cells to the site of autoimmune destruction might not be effective when the disease process is already ongoing. By that time, autoaggressive cells have already arrived in the islet microenvironment and a blockade of migration might even hold them in place leading to accelerated destruction. Thus, an anti-chemokine therapy makes most sense in situations where the cells have not yet migrated to the islets. Such situations include treatment of patients at risk already carrying islet-antigen autoantibodies but are not yet diabetic, islet transplantation recipients, and patients that have undergone a T cell reset as occurring after anti-CD3 antibody treatment.
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Zammit NW, Walters SN, Seeberger KL, O'Connell PJ, Korbutt GS, Grey ST. A20 as an immune tolerance factor can determine islet transplant outcomes. JCI Insight 2019; 4:131028. [PMID: 31581152 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.131028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation can restore lost glycemic control in type 1 diabetes subjects but is restricted in its clinical application by a limiting supply of islets and the need for heavy immune suppression to prevent rejection. TNFAIP3, encoding the ubiquitin editing enzyme A20, regulates the activation of immune cells by raising NF-κB signaling thresholds. Here, we show that increasing A20 expression in allogeneic islet grafts resulted in permanent survival for ~45% of recipients, and > 80% survival when combined with subtherapeutic rapamycin. Allograft survival was dependent upon Tregs and was antigen specific, and grafts showed reduced expression of inflammatory factors. Transplantation of islets with A20 containing a loss-of-function variant (I325N) resulted in increased RIPK1 ubiquitination and NF-κB signaling, graft hyperinflammation, and acute allograft rejection. Overexpression of A20 in human islets potently reduced expression of inflammatory mediators, with no impact on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Therapeutic administration of A20 raises inflammatory signaling thresholds to favor immune tolerance and promotes islet allogeneic survival. Clinically, this would allow for reduced immunosuppression and support the use of alternate islet sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan W Zammit
- Immunology Department, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stacey N Walters
- Immunology Department, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen L Seeberger
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Philip J O'Connell
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, NSW Australia
| | - Gregory S Korbutt
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shane T Grey
- Immunology Department, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
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49
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Cabello-Olmo M, Araña M, Radichev I, Smith P, Huarte E, Barajas M. New Insights into Immunotherapy Strategies for Treating Autoimmune Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194789. [PMID: 31561568 PMCID: PMC6801436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune illness that affects millions of patients worldwide. The main characteristic of this disease is the destruction of pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells that occurs due to the aberrant activation of different immune effector cells. Currently, T1D is treated by lifelong administration of novel versions of insulin that have been developed recently; however, new approaches that could address the underlying mechanisms responsible for beta cell destruction have been extensively investigated. The strategies based on immunotherapies have recently been incorporated into a panel of existing treatments for T1D, in order to block T-cell responses against beta cell antigens that are very common during the onset and development of T1D. However, a complete preservation of beta cell mass as well as insulin independency is still elusive. As a result, there is no existing T1D targeted immunotherapy able to replace standard insulin administration. Presently, a number of novel therapy strategies are pursuing the goals of beta cell protection and normoglycemia. In the present review we explore the current state of immunotherapy in T1D by highlighting the most important studies in this field, and envision novel strategies that could be used to treat T1D in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Cabello-Olmo
- Biochemistry Area, Health Science Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Miriam Araña
- Biochemistry Area, Health Science Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Ilian Radichev
- Diabetes research group at Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA.
| | - Paul Smith
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA.
| | | | - Miguel Barajas
- Biochemistry Area, Health Science Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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50
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Peters L, Posgai A, Brusko TM. Islet-immune interactions in type 1 diabetes: the nexus of beta cell destruction. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 198:326-340. [PMID: 31309537 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) support an emerging model of disease pathogenesis that involves intrinsic β-cell fragility combined with defects in both innate and adaptive immune cell regulation. This combination of defects induces systematic changes leading to organ-level atrophy and dysfunction of both the endocrine and exocrine portions of the pancreas, ultimately culminating in insulin deficiency and β-cell destruction. In this review, we discuss the animal model data and human tissue studies that have informed our current understanding of the cross-talk that occurs between β-cells, the resident stroma, and immune cells that potentiate T1D. Specifically, we will review the cellular and molecular signatures emerging from studies on tissues derived from organ procurement programs, focusing on in situ defects occurring within the T1D islet microenvironment, many of which are not yet detectable by standard peripheral blood biomarkers. In addition to improved access to organ donor tissues, various methodological advances, including immune receptor repertoire sequencing and single-cell molecular profiling, are poised to improve our understanding of antigen-specific autoimmunity during disease development. Collectively, the knowledge gains from these studies at the islet-immune interface are enhancing our understanding of T1D heterogeneity, likely to be an essential component for instructing future efforts to develop targeted interventions to restore immune tolerance and preserve β-cell mass and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Peters
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - A Posgai
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - T M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
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