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Kong M, He J, Wang J, Gong M, Huo Q, Bai W, Song J, Song J, Han W, Lv G. Xylooligosaccharides Enhance Lettuce Root Morphogenesis and Growth Dynamics. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1699. [PMID: 38931130 PMCID: PMC11207311 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Enhancing root development is pivotal for boosting crop yield and augmenting stress resilience. In this study, we explored the regulatory effects of xylooligosaccharides (XOSs) on lettuce root growth, comparing their impact with that of indole-3-butyric acid potassium salt (IBAP). Treatment with XOS led to a substantial increase in root dry weight (30.77%), total root length (29.40%), volume (21.58%), and surface area (25.44%) compared to the water-treated control. These enhancements were on par with those induced by IBAP. Comprehensive phytohormone profiling disclosed marked increases in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), zeatin riboside (ZR), methyl jasmonate (JA-ME), and brassinosteroids (BRs) following XOS application. Through RNA sequencing, we identified 3807 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the roots of XOS-treated plants, which were significantly enriched in pathways associated with manganese ion homeostasis, microtubule motor activity, and carbohydrate metabolism. Intriguingly, approximately 62.7% of the DEGs responsive to XOS also responded to IBAP, underscoring common regulatory mechanisms. However, XOS uniquely influenced genes related to cutin, suberine, and wax biosynthesis, as well as plant hormone signal transduction, hinting at novel mechanisms of stress tolerance. Prominent up-regulation of genes encoding beta-glucosidase and beta-fructofuranosidase highlights enhanced carbohydrate metabolism as a key driver of XOS-induced root enhancement. Collectively, these results position XOS as a promising, sustainable option for agricultural biostimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Kong
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (M.K.); (J.H.); (J.W.); huoqiuyan (Q.H.); (W.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Jiuxing He
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (M.K.); (J.H.); (J.W.); huoqiuyan (Q.H.); (W.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (M.K.); (J.H.); (J.W.); huoqiuyan (Q.H.); (W.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Min Gong
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (M.K.); (J.H.); (J.W.); huoqiuyan (Q.H.); (W.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Qiuyan Huo
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (M.K.); (J.H.); (J.W.); huoqiuyan (Q.H.); (W.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Wenbo Bai
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (M.K.); (J.H.); (J.W.); huoqiuyan (Q.H.); (W.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Jiqing Song
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (M.K.); (J.H.); (J.W.); huoqiuyan (Q.H.); (W.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Jianbin Song
- Station of Dawenliu, Shandong Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve, Dongying 257509, China
| | - Wei Han
- Shandong Agri-tech Extension Center, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Guohua Lv
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (M.K.); (J.H.); (J.W.); huoqiuyan (Q.H.); (W.B.); (J.S.)
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Lanoue J, St Louis S, Little C, Hao X. Photosynthetic adaptation strategies in peppers under continuous lighting: insights into photosystem protection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1372886. [PMID: 38882573 PMCID: PMC11176547 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1372886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Energy efficient lighting strategies have received increased interest from controlled environment producers. Long photoperiods (up to 24 h - continuous lighting (CL)) of lower light intensities could be used to achieve the desired daily light integral (DLI) with lower installed light capacity/capital costs and low electricity costs in regions with low night electricity prices. However, plants grown under CL tend to have higher carbohydrate and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels which may lead to leaf chlorosis and down-regulation of photosynthesis. We hypothesize that the use of dynamic CL using a spectral change and/or light intensity change between day and night can negate CL-injury. In this experiment we set out to assess the impact of CL on pepper plants by subjecting them to white light during the day and up to 150 µmol m-2 s-1 of monochromatic blue light at night while controlling the DLI at the same level. Plants grown under all CL treatments had similar cumulative fruit number and weight compared to the 16h control indicating no reduction in production. Plants grown under CL had higher carbohydrate levels and ROS-scavenging capacity than plants grown under the 16h control. Conversely, the amount of photosynthetic pigment decreased with increasing nighttime blue light intensity. The maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), a metric often used to measure stress, was unaffected by light treatments. However, when light-adapted, the operating efficiency of photosystem II (ΦPSII) decreased and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) increased with increasing nighttime blue light intensity. This suggests that both acclimated and instantaneous photochemistry during CL can be altered and is dependent on the nighttime light intensity. Furthermore, light-adapted chlorophyll fluorescence measurements may be more adept at detecting altered photochemical states than the conventional stress metric using dark-adapted measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Lanoue
- Harrow Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah St Louis
- Harrow Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, ON, Canada
| | - Celeste Little
- Harrow Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, ON, Canada
| | - Xiuming Hao
- Harrow Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, ON, Canada
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Ovbude ST, Sharmeen S, Kyei I, Olupathage H, Jones J, Bell RJ, Powers R, Hage DS. Applications of chromatographic methods in metabolomics: A review. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1239:124124. [PMID: 38640794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Chromatography is a robust and reliable separation method that can use various stationary phases to separate complex mixtures commonly seen in metabolomics. This review examines the types of chromatography and stationary phases that have been used in targeted or untargeted metabolomics with methods such as mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. General considerations for sample pretreatment and separations in metabolomics are considered, along with the various supports and separation formats for chromatography that have been used in such work. The types of liquid chromatography (LC) that have been most extensively used in metabolomics will be examined, such as reversed-phase liquid chromatography and hydrophilic liquid interaction chromatography. In addition, other forms of LC that have been used in more limited applications for metabolomics (e.g., ion-exchange, size-exclusion, and affinity methods) will be discussed to illustrate how these techniques may be utilized for new and future research in this field. Multidimensional LC methods are also discussed, as well as the use of gas chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography in metabolomics. In addition, the roles of chromatography in NMR- vs. MS-based metabolomics are considered. Applications are given within the field of metabolomics for each type of chromatography, along with potential advantages or limitations of these separation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan T Ovbude
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Sadia Sharmeen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Isaac Kyei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Harshana Olupathage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Jacob Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Richard J Bell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA; Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - David S Hage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA.
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Asad MAU, Yan Z, Zhou L, Guan X, Cheng F. How abiotic stresses trigger sugar signaling to modulate leaf senescence? PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108650. [PMID: 38653095 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Plants have evolved the adaptive capacity to mitigate the negative effect of external adversities at chemical, molecular, cellular, and physiological levels. This capacity is conferred by triggering the coordinated action of internal regulatory factors, in which sugars play an essential role in the regulating chloroplast degradation and leaf senescence under various stresses. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on the senescent-associated changes in carbohydrate metabolism and its relation to chlorophyl degradation, oxidative damage, photosynthesis inhibition, programmed cell death (PCD), and sink-source relation as affected by abiotic stresses. The action of sugar signaling in regulating the initiation and progression of leaf senescence under abiotic stresses involves interactions with various plant hormones, reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, and protein kinases. This discussion aims to elucidate the complex regulatory network and molecular mechanisms that underline sugar-induced leaf senescence in response to various abiotic stresses. The imperative role of sugar signaling in regulating plant stress responses potentially enables the production of crop plants with modified sugar metabolism. This, in turn, may facilitate the engineering of plants with improved stress responses, optimal life span and higher yield achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhmmad Asad Ullah Asad
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhang Yan
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lujian Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xianyue Guan
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fangmin Cheng
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing, China.
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Li T, Li H, Zhu C, Yang K, Lin Z, Wang J, Gao Z. Unveiling the Biological Function of Phyllostachys edulis FBA6 ( PeFBA6) through the Identification of the Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase Gene. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:968. [PMID: 38611497 PMCID: PMC11013174 DOI: 10.3390/plants13070968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) is a pivotal enzyme in various metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the Calvin cycle. It plays a critical role in CO2 fixation. Building on previous studies on the FBA gene family in Moso bamboo, our study revealed the biological function of PeFBA6. To identify CSN5 candidate genes, this study conducted a yeast two-hybrid library screening experiment. Subsequently, the interaction between CSN5 and PeFBA6 was verified using yeast two-hybrid and LCI experiments. This investigation uncovered evidence that FBA may undergo deubiquitination to maintain glycolytic stability. To further assess the function of PeFBA6, it was overexpressed in rice. Various parameters were determined, including the light response curve, CO2 response curve, and the levels of glucose, fructose, sucrose, and starch in the leaves of overexpressing rice. The results demonstrated that overexpressed rice exhibited a higher saturation light intensity, net photosynthetic rate, maximum carboxylation rate, respiration rate, and increased levels of glucose, fructose, and starch than wild-type rice. These findings indicated that PeFBA6 not only enhanced the photoprotection ability of rice but also improved the photosynthetic carbon metabolism. Overall, this study enhanced our understanding of the function of FBA and revealed the biological function of PeFBA6, thereby providing a foundation for the development of excellent carbon fixation bamboo varieties through breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiankuo Li
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing on Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing on Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Chenglei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing on Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Kebin Yang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing on Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Zeming Lin
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing on Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Jiangfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing on Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Zhimin Gao
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing on Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
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Zhu XG, Treves H, Zhao H. Mechanisms controlling metabolite concentrations of the Calvin Benson Cycle. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 155:3-9. [PMID: 36858897 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining proper metabolite levels in a complex metabolic network is crucial for maintaining a high flux through the network. In this paper, we discuss major regulatory mechanisms over the Calvin Benson Cycle (CBC) with regard to their roles in conferring homeostasis of metabolite levels in CBC. These include: 1) Redox regulation of enzymes in the CBC on one hand ensures that metabolite levels stay above certain lower bounds under low light while on the other hand increases the flux through the CBC under high light. 2) Metabolite regulations, especially allosteric regulations of major regulatory enzymes, ensure the rapid up-regulation of fluxes to ensure sufficient amount of triose phosphate is available for end product synthesis and concurrently avoid phosphate limitation. 3) A balanced activities of enzymes in the CBC help maintain balanced flux through CBC; some innate product feedback mechanisms, in particular the ADP feedback regulation of GAPDH and F6P feedback regulation of FBPase, exist in CBC to achieve such a balanced enzyme activities and hence flux distribution in the CBC for greater photosynthetic efficiency. Transcriptional regulation and natural variations of enzymes controlling CBC metabolite homeostasis should be further explored to maximize the potential of engineering CBC for greater efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Guang Zhu
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Haim Treves
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel-Aviv University, 6997801, Israel
| | - Honglong Zhao
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200032, China
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Clapero V, Arrivault S, Stitt M. Natural variation in metabolism of the Calvin-Benson cycle. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 155:23-36. [PMID: 36959059 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The Calvin-Benson cycle (CBC) evolved over 2 billion years ago but has been subject to massive selection due to falling atmospheric carbon dioxide, rising atmospheric oxygen and changing nutrient and water availability. In addition, large groups of organisms have evolved carbon-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) that operate upstream of the CBC. Most previous studies of CBC diversity focused on Rubisco kinetics and regulation. Quantitative metabolite profiling provides a top-down strategy to uncover inter-species diversity in CBC operation. CBC profiles were recently published for twenty species including terrestrial C3 species, terrestrial C4 species that operate a biochemical CCM, and cyanobacteria and green algae that operate different types of biophysical CCM. Distinctive profiles were found for species with different modes of photosynthesis, revealing that evolution of the various CCMs was accompanied by co-evolution of the CBC. Diversity was also found between species that share the same mode of photosynthesis, reflecting lineage-dependent diversity of the CBC. Connectivity analysis uncovers constraints due to pathway and thermodynamic topology, and reveals that cross-species diversity in the CBC is driven by changes in the balance between regulated enzymes and in the balance between the CBC and the light reactions or end-product synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Clapero
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Golm, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stéphanie Arrivault
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Golm, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Golm, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Kang DK, Kim SH, Sohn JH, Sung BH. Insights into Enzyme Reactions with Redox Cofactors in Biological Conversion of CO 2. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1403-1411. [PMID: 37482811 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2306.06005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most abundant component of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and directly creates environmental issues such as global warming and climate change. Carbon capture and storage have been proposed mainly to solve the problem of increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere; however, more emphasis has recently been placed on its use. Among the many methods of using CO2, one of the key environmentally friendly technologies involves biologically converting CO2 into other organic substances such as biofuels, chemicals, and biomass via various metabolic pathways. Although an efficient biocatalyst for industrial applications has not yet been developed, biological CO2 conversion is the needed direction. To this end, this review briefly summarizes seven known natural CO2 fixation pathways according to carbon number and describes recent studies in which natural CO2 assimilation systems have been applied to heterogeneous in vivo and in vitro systems. In addition, studies on the production of methanol through the reduction of CO2 are introduced. The importance of redox cofactors, which are often overlooked in the CO2 assimilation reaction by enzymes, is presented; methods for their recycling are proposed. Although more research is needed, biological CO2 conversion will play an important role in reducing GHG emissions and producing useful substances in terms of resource cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du-Kyeong Kang
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwa Kim
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Sohn
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Hyun Sung
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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9
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Dahal K, Milne MA, Gervais T. The enhancement of photosynthetic performance, water use efficiency and potato yield under elevated CO 2 is cultivar dependent. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1287825. [PMID: 38046606 PMCID: PMC10690597 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1287825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
As a fourth major food crop, potato could fulfill the nutritional demand of the growing population. Understanding how potato plants respond to predicted increase in atmospheric CO2 at the physiological, biochemical and molecular level is therefore important to improve potato productivity. Thus, the main objectives of the present study are to investigate the effects of elevated CO2 on the photosynthetic performance, water use efficiency and tuber yield of various commercial potato cultivars combined with biochemical and molecular analyses. We grew five potato cultivars (AC Novachip, Atlantic, Kennebec, Russet Burbank and Shepody) at either ambient CO2 (400 μmol CO2 mol-1) or elevated (750 μmol CO2 mol-1) CO2. Compared to ambient CO2-grown counterparts, elevated CO2-grown Russet Burbank and Shepody exhibited a significant increase in tuber yield of 107% and 49% respectively, whereas AC Novachip, Atlantic and Kennebec exhibited a 16%, 6% and 44% increment respectively. These differences in CO2-enhancement of tuber yield across the cultivars were mainly associated with the differences in CO2-stimulation of rates of photosynthesis. For instance, elevated CO2 significantly stimulated the rates of gross photosynthesis for AC Novachip (30%), Russet Burbank (41%) and Shepody (28%) but had minimal effects for Atlantic and Kennebec when measured at growth light. Elevated CO2 significantly increased the total tuber number for Atlantic (40%) and Shepody (83%) but had insignificant effects for other cultivars. Average tuber size increased for AC Novachip (16%), Kennebec (30%) and Russet Burbank (80%), but decreased for Atlantic (25%) and Shepody (19%) under elevated versus ambient CO2 conditions. Although elevated CO2 minimally decreased stomatal conductance (6-22%) and transpiration rates (2-36%), instantaneous water use efficiency increased by up to 79% in all cultivars suggesting that enhanced water use efficiency was mainly associated with increased photosynthesis at elevated CO2. The effects of elevated CO2 on electron transport rates, non-photochemical quenching, excitation pressure, and leaf chlorophyll and protein content varied across the cultivars. We did not observe any significant differences in plant growth and morphology in elevated versus ambient CO2-grown plants. Taken all together, we conclude that the CO2-stimulation of photosynthetic performance, water use efficiency and tuber yield of potatoes is cultivar dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Dahal
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada
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Yang B, Li J, Yan J, Zhang K, Ouyang Z, Lu Y, Wei H, Li Q, Yao X, Lu S, Hong Y, Wang X, Guo L. Non-specific phospholipase C4 hydrolyzes phosphosphingolipids and phosphoglycerolipids and promotes rapeseed growth and yield. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:2421-2436. [PMID: 37642157 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is a major nutrient vital for plant growth and development, with a substantial amount of cellular phosphorus being used for the biosynthesis of membrane phospholipids. Here, we report that NON-SPECIFIC PHOSPHOLIPASE C4 (NPC4) in rapeseed (Brassica napus) releases phosphate from phospholipids to promote growth and seed yield, as plants with altered NPC4 levels showed significant changes in seed production under different phosphate conditions. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9)-mediated knockout of BnaNPC4 led to elevated accumulation of phospholipids and decreased growth, whereas overexpression (OE) of BnaNPC4 resulted in lower phospholipid contents and increased plant growth and seed production. We demonstrate that BnaNPC4 hydrolyzes phosphosphingolipids and phosphoglycerolipids in vitro, and plants with altered BnaNPC4 function displayed changes in their sphingolipid and glycerolipid contents in roots, with a greater change in glycerolipids than sphingolipids in leaves, particularly under phosphate deficiency conditions. In addition, BnaNPC4-OE plants led to the upregulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism, phosphate release, and phosphate transport and an increase in free inorganic phosphate in leaves. These results indicate that BnaNPC4 hydrolyzes phosphosphingolipids and phosphoglycerolipids in rapeseed to enhance phosphate release from membrane phospholipids and promote growth and seed production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianwu Li
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Jiayu Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Zhewen Ouyang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yefei Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huili Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Xuan Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Shaoping Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yueyun Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
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11
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Sun Z, Bai C, Liu Y, Ma M, Zhang S, Liu H, Bai R, Han X, Yong JWH. Resilient and sustainable production of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in phosphorus-limited environment by using exogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid to sustain photosynthesis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115388. [PMID: 37611478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Globally, many low to medium yielding peanut fields have the potential for further yield improvement. Low phosphorus (P) limitation is one of the significant factors curtailing Arachis hypogaea productivity in many regions. In order to demonstrate the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on peanuts growing under P deficiency, we used a pot-based experiment to examine the effects of exogenous GABA on alleviating P deficiency-induced physiological changes and growth inhibition in peanuts. The key physiological parameters examined were foliar gas exchange, photochemical efficiency, proton motive force, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase activity of peanuts under cultivation with low P (LP, 0.5 mM P) and control conditions. During low P, the cyclic electron flow (CEF) maintained the high proton gradient (∆pH) induced by low ATP synthetic activity. Applying GABA during low P conditions stimulated CEF and reduced the concomitant ROS generation and thereby protecting the foliar photosystem II (PSII) from photoinhibition. Specifically, GABA enhanced the rate of electronic transmission of PSII (ETRII) by pausing the photoprotection mechanisms including non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and ∆pH regulation. Thus, GABA was shown to be effective in restoring peanut growth when encountering P deficiency. Exogenous GABA alleviated two symptoms (increased root-shoot ratio and photoinhibition) of P-deficient peanuts. This is possibly the first report of using exogenous GABA to restore photosynthesis and growth under low P availability. Therefore, foliar applications of GABA could be a simple, safe and effective approach to overcome low yield imposed by limited P resources (low P in soils or P-fertilizers are unavailable) for sustainable peanut cultivation and especially in low to medium yielding fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Sun
- College of Land and Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Northeast China Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Scientific Observation and Research Center for Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunming Bai
- Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Yifei Liu
- College of Land and Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Northeast China Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Scientific Observation and Research Center for Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Mingzhu Ma
- College of Land and Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Northeast China Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Scientific Observation and Research Center for Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Siwei Zhang
- College of Land and Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Northeast China Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Scientific Observation and Research Center for Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Land and Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Northeast China Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Scientific Observation and Research Center for Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Bai
- College of Land and Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Northeast China Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Scientific Observation and Research Center for Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaori Han
- College of Land and Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Northeast China Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Scientific Observation and Research Center for Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jean Wan Hong Yong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden.
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12
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Boisset ND, Favoino G, Meloni M, Jomat L, Cassier-Chauvat C, Zaffagnini M, Lemaire SD, Crozet P. Phosphoribulokinase abundance is not limiting the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1230723. [PMID: 37719215 PMCID: PMC10501310 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1230723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Improving photosynthetic efficiency in plants and microalgae is of utmost importance to support the growing world population and to enable the bioproduction of energy and chemicals. Limitations in photosynthetic light conversion efficiency can be directly attributed to kinetic bottlenecks within the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle (CBBC) responsible for carbon fixation. A better understanding of these bottlenecks in vivo is crucial to overcome these limiting factors through bio-engineering. The present study is focused on the analysis of phosphoribulokinase (PRK) in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We have characterized a PRK knock-out mutant strain and showed that in the absence of PRK, Chlamydomonas cannot grow photoautotrophically while functional complementation with a synthetic construct allowed restoration of photoautotrophy. Nevertheless, using standard genetic elements, the expression of PRK was limited to 40% of the reference level in complemented strains and could not restore normal growth in photoautotrophic conditions suggesting that the CBBC is limited. We were subsequently able to overcome this initial limitation by improving the design of the transcriptional unit expressing PRK using diverse combinations of DNA parts including PRK endogenous promoter and introns. This enabled us to obtain strains with PRK levels comparable to the reference strain and even overexpressing strains. A collection of strains with PRK levels between 16% and 250% of WT PRK levels was generated and characterized. Immunoblot and growth assays revealed that a PRK content of ≈86% is sufficient to fully restore photoautotrophic growth. This result suggests that PRK is present in moderate excess in Chlamydomonas. Consistently, the overexpression of PRK did not increase photosynthetic growth indicating that that the endogenous level of PRK in Chlamydomonas is not limiting the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle under optimal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas D. Boisset
- Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, Institut de Biologie Parie-Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7238, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8226, Paris, France
- Doctoral School of Plant Sciences, Université Paris-Saclay, Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Giusi Favoino
- Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, Institut de Biologie Parie-Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7238, Paris, France
| | - Maria Meloni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucile Jomat
- Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, Institut de Biologie Parie-Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7238, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Cassier-Chauvat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), UMR 9198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mirko Zaffagnini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stéphane D. Lemaire
- Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, Institut de Biologie Parie-Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7238, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8226, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Crozet
- Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, Institut de Biologie Parie-Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7238, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8226, Paris, France
- Polytech-Sorbonne, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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13
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Zhang Y, Fernie AR. The Role of TCA Cycle Enzymes in Plants. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200238. [PMID: 37341441 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
As one of the iconic pathways in plant metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is commonly thought to not only be responsible for the oxidization of respiratory substrate to drive ATP synthesis but also provide carbon skeletons to anabolic processes and contribute to carbon-nitrogen interaction and biotic stress responses. The functions of the TCA cycle enzymes are characterized by a saturation transgenesis approach, whereby the constituent expression of proteins is knocked out or reduced in order to investigate their function in vivo. The alteration of TCA cycle enzyme expression results in changed plant growth and photosynthesis under controlled conditions. Moreover, improvements in plant performance and postharvest properties are reported by overexpression of either endogenous forms or heterologous genes of a number of the enzymes. Given the importance of the TCA cycle in plant metabolism regulation, here, the function of each enzyme and its roles in different tissues are discussed. This article additionally highlights the recent finding that the plant TCA cycle, like that of mammals and microbes, dynamically assembles functional substrate channels or metabolons and discusses the implications of this finding to the current understanding of the metabolic regulation of the plant TCA cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjun Zhang
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant System Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant System Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
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14
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Mahlare MJS, Husselmann L, Lewu MN, Bester C, Lewu FB, Caleb OJ. Analysis of the Differentially Expressed Proteins and Metabolic Pathways of Honeybush ( Cyclopia subternata) in Response to Water Deficit Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112181. [PMID: 37299160 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Honeybush (Cyclopia spp.) is a rich source of antioxidant properties and phenolic compounds. Water availability plays a crucial role in plant metabolic processes, and it contributes to overall quality. Thus, this study aimed to investigate changes in molecular functions, cellular components, and biological processes of Cyclopia subternata exposed to different water stress conditions, which include well-watered (as Control, T1), semi-water stressed (T2), and water-deprived (T3) potted plants. Samples were also collected from a well-watered commercial farm first cultivated in 2013 (T13) and then cultivated in 2017 (T17) and 2019 (T19). Differentially expressed proteins extracted from C. subternata leaves were identified using LC-MS/MS spectrometry. A total of 11 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified using Fisher's exact test (p < 0.00100). Only α-glucan phosphorylase was found to be statistically common between T17 and T19 (p < 0.00100). Notably, α-glucan phosphorylase was upregulated in the older vegetation (T17) and downregulated in T19 by 1.41-fold. This result suggests that α-glucan phosphorylase was needed in T17 to support the metabolic pathway. In T19, five DEPs were upregulated, while the other six were downregulated. Based on gene ontology, the DEPs in the stressed plant were associated with cellular and metabolic processes, response to stimulus, binding, catalytic activity, and cellular anatomical entity. Differentially expressed proteins were clustered based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and sequences were linked to metabolic pathways via enzyme code and KEGG ortholog. Most proteins were involved in photosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, thiamine, and purine metabolism. This study revealed the presence of trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase, an intermediate for the biosynthesis of a large number of substances, such as phenylpropanoids and flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Jane S Mahlare
- Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Wellington Campus, Private Bag X8, Wellington 7654, South Africa
| | - Lizex Husselmann
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Muinat N Lewu
- Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
| | - Cecilia Bester
- Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
| | - Francis B Lewu
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Wellington Campus, Private Bag X8, Wellington 7654, South Africa
| | - Oluwafemi James Caleb
- Africa Institute for Postharvest Technology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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15
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Tola AJ, Missihoun TD. Ammonium sulfate-based prefractionation improved proteome coverage and detection of carbonylated proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana leaf extract. PLANTA 2023; 257:62. [PMID: 36808312 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium sulfate is well known to salt out proteins at high concentrations. The study revealed that it can serve to increase by 60% the total number of identified carbonylated proteins by LC-MS/MS. Protein carbonylation is a significant post-translational modification associated with reactive oxygen species signaling in animal and plant cells. However, the detection of carbonylated proteins involved in signaling is still challenging, as they only represent a small subset of the proteome in the absence of stress. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that a prefractionation step with ammonium sulphate will improve the detection of the carbonylated proteins in a plant extract. For this, we extracted total protein from the Arabidopsis thaliana leaves and subjected the extract to stepwise precipitation with ammonium sulfate to 40%, 60%, and 80% saturation. The protein fractions were then analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for protein identification. We found that all the proteins identified in the non-fractionated samples were also found in the prefractionated samples, indicating no loss was incurred during the prefractionation. About 45% more proteins were identified in the fractionated samples compared to the non-fractionated total crude extract. When the prefractionation steps were combined with the enrichment of carbonylated proteins labeled with a fluorescent hydrazide probe, several carbonylated proteins, which were unseen in the non-fractionated samples, became visible in the prefractionated samples. Consistently, the prefractionation method allowed to identify 63% more carbonylated proteins by mass spectrometry compared to the number of carbonylated proteins identified from the total crude extract without prefractionation. These results indicated that the ammonium sulfate-based proteome prefractionation can be used to improve proteome coverage and identification of carbonylated proteins from a complex proteome sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adesola Julius Tola
- Groupe de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (GRBV), Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boul. des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Tagnon D Missihoun
- Groupe de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (GRBV), Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boul. des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada.
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16
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Korwin Krukowski P, Visentin I, Russo G, Minerdi D, Bendahmane A, Schubert A, Cardinale F. Transcriptome Analysis Points to BES1 as a Transducer of Strigolactone Effects on Drought Memory in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 63:1873-1889. [PMID: 35489066 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid-derived phytohormones governing a wide range of physiological processes, including drought-associated stomatal closure. We have previously shown in tomato that SLs regulate the so-called after-effect of drought, whereby stomatal conductance is not completely restored for some time during recovery after a drought spell, irrespective of the water potential. To ease the elucidation of its molecular underpinnings, we investigated whether this SL effect is conserved in Arabidopsis thaliana by contrasting the physiological performances of the wild-type with SL-depleted (more axillary growth 4, max4) and insensitive (dwarf 14, d14) mutants in a drought and recovery protocol. Physiological analyses showed that SLs are important to achieve a complete after-effect in A. thaliana, while transcriptome results suggested that the SL-dependent modulation of drought responses extends to a large subset (about 4/5) of genes displaying memory transcription patterns. Among these, we show that the activation of over 30 genes related to abscisic acid metabolism and signaling strongly depends on SL signaling. Furthermore, by using promoter-enrichment tools, we identified putative cis- and trans-acting factors that may be important in the SL-dependent and SL-independent regulation of genes during drought and recovery. Finally, in order to test the accuracy of our bioinformatic prediction, we confirmed one of the most promising transcription factor candidates mediating SL signaling effects on transcriptional drought memory-BRI-EMS SUPPRESSOR1 (BES1). Our findings reveal that SLs are master regulators of Arabidopsis transcriptional memory upon drought and that this role is partially mediated by the BES1 transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Korwin Krukowski
- PlantStressLab, DISAFA-University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO) I-10095, Italy
| | - Ivan Visentin
- PlantStressLab, DISAFA-University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO) I-10095, Italy
| | - Giulia Russo
- PlantStressLab, DISAFA-University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO) I-10095, Italy
| | - Daniela Minerdi
- PlantStressLab, DISAFA-University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO) I-10095, Italy
| | - Abdelhafid Bendahmane
- Biology Department, Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris-Saclay, CS80004, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex 91192, France
| | - Andrea Schubert
- PlantStressLab, DISAFA-University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO) I-10095, Italy
| | - Francesca Cardinale
- PlantStressLab, DISAFA-University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO) I-10095, Italy
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17
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von Bismarck T, Korkmaz K, Ruß J, Skurk K, Kaiser E, Correa Galvis V, Cruz JA, Strand DD, Köhl K, Eirich J, Finkemeier I, Jahns P, Kramer DM, Armbruster U. Light acclimation interacts with thylakoid ion transport to govern the dynamics of photosynthesis in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:160-176. [PMID: 36378135 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding photosynthesis in natural, dynamic light environments requires knowledge of long-term acclimation, short-term responses, and their mechanistic interactions. To approach the latter, we systematically determined and characterized light-environmental effects on thylakoid ion transport-mediated short-term responses during light fluctuations. For this, Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type and mutants of the Cl- channel VCCN1 and the K+ exchange antiporter KEA3 were grown under eight different light environments and characterized for photosynthesis-associated parameters and factors in steady state and during light fluctuations. For a detailed characterization of selected light conditions, we monitored ion flux dynamics at unprecedented high temporal resolution by a modified spectroscopy approach. Our analyses reveal that daily light intensity sculpts photosynthetic capacity as a main acclimatory driver with positive and negative effects on the function of KEA3 and VCCN1 during high-light phases, respectively. Fluctuations in light intensity boost the accumulation of the photoprotective pigment zeaxanthin (Zx). We show that KEA3 suppresses Zx accumulation during the day, which together with its direct proton transport activity accelerates photosynthetic transition to lower light intensities. In summary, both light-environment factors, intensity and variability, modulate the function of thylakoid ion transport in dynamic photosynthesis with distinct effects on lumen pH, Zx accumulation, photoprotection, and photosynthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kübra Korkmaz
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jeremy Ruß
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kira Skurk
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Elias Kaiser
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Jeffrey A Cruz
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Deserah D Strand
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Karin Köhl
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jürgen Eirich
- Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Iris Finkemeier
- Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Jahns
- Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David M Kramer
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Ute Armbruster
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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18
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Chadee A, Mohammad M, Vanlerberghe GC. Evidence that mitochondrial alternative oxidase respiration supports carbon balance in source leaves of Nicotiana tabacum. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 279:153840. [PMID: 36265227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Alternative oxidase (AOX) represents a non-energy conserving pathway within the mitochondrial electron transport chain. One potential physiological role of AOX could be to manage leaf carbohydrate amounts by supporting respiratory carbon oxidation reactions. In this study, several approaches tested the hypothesis that AOX1a gene expression in Nicotiana tabacum leaf is enhanced in conditions expected to promote an increased leaf carbohydrate status. These approaches included supplying leaves with exogenous carbohydrates, comparing plants grown at different atmospheric CO2 concentrations, comparing sink leaves with source leaves, comparing plants with different ratios of source to sink activity, and examining gene expression over the diel cycle. In each case, the pattern of AOX1a gene expression was compared with that of other genes known to respond to carbohydrates and/or other factors related to source:sink activity. These included GPT1 and GPT3 (that encode chloroplast glucose 6-phosphate/phosphate translocators), SPS (that encodes sucrose phosphate synthase), SUT1 (that encodes a sucrose/H+ symporter involved in phloem loading) and UCP1 (that encodes a mitochondrial uncoupling protein). The AOX1a transcript amount was higher following the leaf sink-to-source transition, and in plants with higher source relative to sink activity due to increasing plant age. Further, these effects were amplified in plants grown at elevated CO2 to stimulate source activity, particularly at end-of-day time periods. The AOX1a transcript amount was also higher following treatment of leaves with carbohydrate, in particular sucrose. Overall, the results provide evidence that, while source leaf sucrose accumulation may signal for a down-regulation of sucrose synthesis and transport, it also signals for means to manage the excess cytosolic carbohydrate pools. This includes increased AOX respiration to support carbon oxidation pathways even if energy charge is high, in combination perhaps with some return flux of carbohydrate from cytosol to stroma through the GPT3 translocator. As discussed, these activities could contribute to maintaining plant source:sink balance, as well as photosynthetic and phloem loading capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avesh Chadee
- Department of Biological Sciences, And Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Masoom Mohammad
- Department of Biological Sciences, And Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Greg C Vanlerberghe
- Department of Biological Sciences, And Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C1A4, Canada.
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19
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Long W, Huang G, Yao X, Lv L, Yu C, Wang K. Untargeted metabolism approach reveals difference of varieties of bud and relation among characteristics of grafting seedlings in Camellia oleifera. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1024353. [PMID: 36479510 PMCID: PMC9720148 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1024353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Camellia oleifera is one of the essential wood oil trees in the world. C.oleifera was propagated by nurse seedling grafting. Since the scion of C.oleifera had a significant regulated effect on the properties of rootstock after grafting and impacted on the growth of the grafted seedlings, it was necessary to understand the characteristics of buds among varieties to cultivate high-quality grafted seedlings. The metabolome was thought to be a powerful tool for understanding connecting phenotype-genotype interactions, which has an important impact on plant growth and development. In this study, UPLC-MS was used to determine the metabolites of the apical buds of CL3, CL4, CL40, and CL53 spring shoots after 30 days of sprout and to measure the growth characteristics of roots and stems after grafting. Metabolomics analysis revealed 554 kinds of metabolites were significant differences among four varieties, and 29 metabolic pathways were identified to have significant changes (p< 0.05), including carboxylic acids and derivatives, fatty Acyls, organooxygen compounds, and prenol lipids metabolites. The metabolites appeared in all varieties, including phenethyl rutinoside in glycosyl compounds and hovenidulcioside A1 in terpene glycosides. Metabolite-metabolite correlations in varieties revealed more complex patterns in relation to bud and enabled the recognition of key metabolites (e.g., Glutamate, (±)Catechin, GA52, ABA, and cs-Zeatin) affecting grafting and growth ability. Each variety has a unique metabolite type and correlation network relationship. Differentiated metabolites showed different growth trends for development after grafting. Many metabolites regulate the growth of scions in buds before grafting, which plays a crucial role in the growth of seedlings after grafting. It not only regulates the growth of roots but also affects the development of this stem. Finally, those results were associated with the genetic background of each cultivar, showing that metabolites could be potentially used as indicators for the genetic background, indicating that metabolites could potentially be used as indicators for seedling growth characteristics. Together, this study will enrich the theoretical basis of seedling growth and lay a foundation for further research on the molecular regulation mechanism interaction between rootstock and scion, rootstock growth, and the development of grafted seedlings after grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Long
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangyuan Huang
- Chang Country Oil Tea Industry Development Center, Changshan Country Bureau of Forestry & Water Resoures, Changshan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohua Yao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Leyan Lv
- College of Hydraulic Engineering, Zhejiang Tongji Vocational College of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunlian Yu
- Chang Country Oil Tea Industry Development Center, Changshan Country Bureau of Forestry & Water Resoures, Changshan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kailiang Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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20
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Wang S, Cao L, Willick IR, Wang H, Tanino KK. Arabidopsis Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes UBC4, UBC5, and UBC6 Have Major Functions in Sugar Metabolism and Leaf Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11143. [PMID: 36232444 PMCID: PMC9569852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) is required for protein ubiquitination. Arabidopsis has 37 E2s grouped into 14 subfamilies and the functions for many of them are unknown. We utilized genetic and biochemical methods to study the roles of Arabidopsis UBC4, UBC5, and UBC6 of the E2 subfamily IV. The Arabidopsis ubc4/5/6 triple mutant plants had higher levels of glucose, sucrose, and starch than the control plants, as well as a higher protein level of a key gluconeogenic enzyme, cytosolic fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (cyFBP). In an in vitro assay, the proteasome inhibitor MG132 inhibited the degradation of recombinant cyFBP whereas ATP promoted cyFBP degradation. In the quadruple mutant ubc4/5/6 cyfbp, the sugar levels returned to normal, suggesting that the increased sugar levels in the ubc4/5/6 mutant were due to an increased cyFBPase level. In addition, the ubc4/5/6 mutant plants showed early leaf senescence at late stages of plant development as well as accelerated leaf senescence using detached leaves. Further, the leaf senescence phenotype remained in the quadruple ubc4/5/6 cyfbp mutant. Our results suggest that UBC4/5/6 have two lines of important functions, in sugar metabolism through regulating the cyFBP protein level and in leaf senescence likely through a cyFBP-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Ling Cao
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Ian R. Willick
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Karen K. Tanino
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
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21
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Medeiros DB, Ishihara H, Guenther M, Rosado de Souza L, Fernie AR, Stitt M, Arrivault S. 13CO2 labeling kinetics in maize reveal impaired efficiency of C4 photosynthesis under low irradiance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:280-304. [PMID: 35751609 PMCID: PMC9434203 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
C4 photosynthesis allows faster photosynthetic rates and higher water and nitrogen use efficiency than C3 photosynthesis, but at the cost of lower quantum yield due to the energy requirement of its biochemical carbon concentration mechanism. It has also been suspected that its operation may be impaired in low irradiance. To investigate fluxes under moderate and low irradiance, maize (Zea mays) was grown at 550 µmol photons m-2 s-l and 13CO2 pulse-labeling was performed at growth irradiance or several hours after transfer to 160 µmol photons m-2 s-1. Analysis by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry or gas chromatography/mass spectrometry provided information about pool size and labeling kinetics for 32 metabolites and allowed estimation of flux at many steps in C4 photosynthesis. The results highlighted several sources of inefficiency in low light. These included excess flux at phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, restriction of decarboxylation by NADP-malic enzyme, and a shift to increased CO2 incorporation into aspartate, less effective use of metabolite pools to drive intercellular shuttles, and higher relative and absolute rates of photorespiration. The latter provides evidence for a lower bundle sheath CO2 concentration in low irradiance, implying that operation of the CO2 concentration mechanism is impaired in this condition. The analyses also revealed rapid exchange of carbon between the Calvin-Benson cycle and the CO2-concentration shuttle, which allows rapid adjustment of the balance between CO2 concentration and assimilation, and accumulation of large amounts of photorespiratory intermediates in low light that provides a major carbon reservoir to build up C4 metabolite pools when irradiance increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Medeiros
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Hirofumi Ishihara
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Manuela Guenther
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Stéphanie Arrivault
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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22
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Ishihara H, Alseekh S, Feil R, Perera P, George GM, Niedźwiecki P, Arrivault S, Zeeman SC, Fernie AR, Lunn JE, Smith AM, Stitt M. Rising rates of starch degradation during daytime and trehalose 6-phosphate optimize carbon availability. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1976-2000. [PMID: 35486376 PMCID: PMC9342969 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Many plants, including Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), accumulate starch in the light and remobilize it to support maintenance and growth at night. Starch synthesis and degradation are usually viewed as temporally separate processes. Recently, we reported that starch is also degraded in the light. Degradation rates are generally low early in the day but rise with time. Here, we show that the rate of degradation in the light depends on time relative to dawn rather than dusk. We also show that degradation in the light is inhibited by trehalose 6-phosphate, a signal for sucrose availability. The observed responses of degradation in the light can be simulated by a skeletal model in which the rate of degradation is a function of starch content divided by time remaining until dawn. The fit is improved by extension to include feedback inhibition of starch degradation by trehalose 6-phosphate. We also investigate possible functions of simultaneous starch synthesis and degradation in the light, using empirically parameterized models and experimental approaches. The idea that this cycle buffers growth against falling rates of photosynthesis at twilight is supported by data showing that rates of protein and cell wall synthesis remain high during a simulated dusk twilight. Degradation of starch in the light may also counter over-accumulation of starch in long photoperiods and stabilize signaling around dusk. We conclude that starch degradation in the light is regulated by mechanisms similar to those that operate at night and is important for stabilizing carbon availability and signaling, thus optimizing growth in natural light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Ishihara
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
- Center for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Regina Feil
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Pumi Perera
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Gavin M George
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Niedźwiecki
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Stephanie Arrivault
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Samuel C Zeeman
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
- Center for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - John E Lunn
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Alison M Smith
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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23
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Alexandre Moraes T, Mengin V, Peixoto B, Encke B, Krohn N, Höhne M, Krause U, Stitt M. The circadian clock mutant lhy cca1 elf3 paces starch mobilization to dawn despite severely disrupted circadian clock function. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:2332-2356. [PMID: 35567528 PMCID: PMC9348821 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many plants, including Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), accumulate starch in the daytime and remobilize it to support maintenance and growth at night. Starch accumulation is increased when carbon is in short supply, for example, in short photoperiods. Mobilization is paced to exhaust starch around dawn, as anticipated by the circadian clock. This diel pattern of turnover is largely robust against loss of day, dawn, dusk, or evening clock components. Here, we investigated diel starch turnover in the triple circadian clock mutant lhy cca1 elf3, which lacks the LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL and the CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED1 (CCA1) dawn components and the EARLY FLOWERING3 (ELF3) evening components of the circadian clock. The diel oscillations of transcripts for the remaining clock components and related genes like REVEILLE and PHYTOCHROME-INTERACING FACTOR family members exhibited attenuated amplitudes and altered peak time, weakened dawn dominance, and decreased robustness against changes in the external light-dark cycle. The triple mutant was unable to increase starch accumulation in short photoperiods. However, it was still able to pace starch mobilization to around dawn in different photoperiods and growth irradiances and to around 24 h after the previous dawn in T17 and T28 cycles. The triple mutant was able to slow down starch mobilization after a sudden low-light day or a sudden early dusk, although in the latter case it did not fully compensate for the lengthened night. Overall, there was a slight trend to less linear mobilization of starch. Thus, starch mobilization can be paced rather robustly to dawn despite a major disruption of the transcriptional clock. It is proposed that temporal information can be delivered from clock components or a semi-autonomous oscillator.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Virginie Mengin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Bruno Peixoto
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras 2780-156,Portugal
- GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, Oeiras 2780-157,Portugal
| | - Beatrice Encke
- Systematic Botany and Biodiversity, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin D-10115, Germany
| | - Nicole Krohn
- Abteilung für Parodontologie und Synoptische Zahnmedizin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin 14197, Germany
| | - Melanie Höhne
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Ursula Krause
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
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24
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Mechanisms Regulating Energy Homeostasis in Plant Cells and Their Potential to Inspire Electrical Microgrids Models. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7020083. [PMID: 35735599 PMCID: PMC9221007 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7020083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the main features of systems that are required to flexibly modulate energy states of plant cells in response to environmental fluctuations are surveyed and summarized. Plant cells possess multiple sources (chloroplasts and mitochondria) to produce energy that is consumed to drive many processes, as well as mechanisms that adequately provide energy to the processes with high priority depending on the conditions. Such energy-providing systems are tightly linked to sensors that monitor the status of the environment and inside the cell. In addition, plants possess the ability to efficiently store and transport energy both at the cell level and at a higher level. Furthermore, these systems can finely tune the various mechanisms of energy homeostasis in plant cells in response to the changes in environment, also assuring the plant survival under adverse environmental conditions. Electrical power systems are prone to the effects of environmental changes as well; furthermore, they are required to be increasingly resilient to the threats of extreme natural events caused, for example, by climate changes, outages, and/or external deliberate attacks. Starting from this consideration, similarities between energy-related processes in plant cells and electrical power grids are identified, and the potential of mechanisms regulating energy homeostasis in plant cells to inspire the definition of new models of flexible and resilient electrical power grids, particularly microgrids, is delineated. The main contribution of this review is surveying energy regulatory mechanisms in detail as a reference and helping readers to find useful information for their work in this research field.
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25
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Chen YJ, Huang YL, Chen YH, Chang ST, Yeh TF. Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds and Protein Expressions of Chamaecyparis formosensis and Chamaecyparis obtusa var. formosana Leaves under Different Light Intensities and Temperatures. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11121535. [PMID: 35736687 PMCID: PMC9231097 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Both Chamaecyparis formosensis and C. obtusa var. formosana are representative cypresses of high economic value in Taiwan, the southernmost subtropical region where cypresses are found. Both species show differences of their habitats. To find out the effects of environmental factors on the CO2 assimilation rate and the biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emission of both species, saplings from both species were grown under different light intensity and temperature regimes. The results indicated that the net CO2 assimilation rates and total BVOC emission rates of both species increased with increasing light intensity. C. formosensis showed a higher magnitude of change, but C. obtusa var. formosana had considerably increased sesquiterpenoid and diterpenoid emission in BVOC under high light intensity. Both species grown under higher temperatures had significantly lower BVOC emission rates. Proteomic analyses revealed that compared to C. formosensis saplings, C. obtusa var. formosana saplings had less differentially expressed proteins in terms of protein species and fold changes in response to the growth conditions. These proteins participated mainly in photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, amino acid and protein processing, signal transduction, and stress mechanisms. These proteins might be the major regulatory factors affecting BVOC emission of these two species under different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ju Chen
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-L.H.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Division of Forest Chemistry, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei 10070, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Lun Huang
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-L.H.); (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Yu-Han Chen
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-L.H.); (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Shang-Tzen Chang
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-L.H.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.-T.C.); (T.-F.Y.)
| | - Ting-Feng Yeh
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-L.H.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.-T.C.); (T.-F.Y.)
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26
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Merchant A, Smith MR, Windt CW. In situ pod growth rate reveals contrasting diurnal sensitivity to water deficit in Phaseolus vulgaris. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3774-3786. [PMID: 35323925 PMCID: PMC9162186 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of reproductive tissues determines plant fecundity and yield. Loading of resources into the developing reproductive tissue is thought to be under the co-limiting effects of source and sink strength. The dynamics of this co-limitation are unknown, largely due to an inability to measure the flux of resources into a developing sink. Here we use nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) sensors to measure sink strength by quantifying rates of pod dry matter accumulation (pod loading) in Phaseolus vulgaris at 13-min intervals across the diel period. Rates of pod loading showed contrasting variation across light and dark periods during the onset of water deficit. In addition, rates of pod loading appeared decoupled from net photosynthetic rates when adjusted to the plant scale. Combined, these observations illustrate that the rate of pod development varies under water limitation and that continuous, non-invasive methodologies to measure sink strength provide insight into the governing processes that determine the development of reproductive tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Millicent R Smith
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Carel W Windt
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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27
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Fujii S, Kobayashi K, Lin YC, Liu YC, Nakamura Y, Wada H. Impacts of phosphatidylglycerol on plastid gene expression and light induction of nuclear photosynthetic genes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2952-2970. [PMID: 35560187 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is the only major phospholipid in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts. PG is essential for photosynthesis, and loss of PG in Arabidopsis thaliana results in severe defects of growth and chloroplast development, with decreased chlorophyll accumulation, impaired thylakoid formation, and down-regulation of photosynthesis-associated genes encoded in nuclear and plastid genomes. However, how the absence of PG affects gene expression and plant growth remains unclear. To elucidate this mechanism, we investigated transcriptional profiles of a PG-deficient Arabidopsis mutant pgp1-2 under various light conditions. Microarray analysis demonstrated that reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive genes were up-regulated in pgp1-2. However, ROS production was not enhanced in the mutant even under strong light, indicating limited impacts of photooxidative stress on the defects of pgp1-2. Illumination to dark-adapted pgp1-2 triggered down-regulation of photosynthesis-associated nuclear-encoded genes (PhANGs), while plastid-encoded genes were constantly suppressed. Overexpression of GOLDEN2-LIKE1 (GLK1), a transcription factor gene regulating chloroplast development, in pgp1-2 up-regulated PhANGs but not plastid-encoded genes along with chlorophyll accumulation. Our data suggest a broad impact of PG biosynthesis on nuclear-encoded genes partially via GLK1 and a specific involvement of this lipid in plastid gene expression and plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Fujii
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kita-Shirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Kobayashi
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ying-Chen Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Liu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hajime Wada
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Blanco NE, Gollan PJ, Mengin V, Nikkanen L, Fusari CM. Editorial: A Novel Perspective for Photosystem I: An Emerging Hub for the Functional Integration of Photosynthesis and Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:871623. [PMID: 35498689 PMCID: PMC9039663 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.871623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás E. Blanco
- Centre of Photosynthetic and Biochemical Studies (CEFOBI-CONICET-UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Peter J. Gollan
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Virginie Mengin
- Schools of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lauri Nikkanen
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Corina M. Fusari
- Centre of Photosynthetic and Biochemical Studies (CEFOBI-CONICET-UNR), Rosario, Argentina
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29
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Suzuki Y, Ishiyama K, Yoon DK, Takegahara-Tamakawa Y, Kondo E, Suganami M, Wada S, Miyake C, Makino A. Suppression of chloroplast triose phosphate isomerase evokes inorganic phosphate-limited photosynthesis in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1550-1562. [PMID: 34893891 PMCID: PMC8896644 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The availability of inorganic phosphate (Pi) for ATP synthesis is thought to limit photosynthesis at elevated [CO2] when Pi regeneration via sucrose or starch synthesis is limited. We report here another mechanism for the occurrence of Pi-limited photosynthesis caused by insufficient capacity of chloroplast triose phosphate isomerase (cpTPI). In cpTPI-antisense transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) plants with 55%-86% reductions in cpTPI content, CO2 sensitivity of the rate of CO2 assimilation (A) decreased and even reversed at elevated [CO2]. The pool sizes of the Calvin-Benson cycle metabolites from pentose phosphates to 3-phosphoglycerate increased at elevated [CO2], whereas those of ATP decreased. These phenomena are similar to the typical symptoms of Pi-limited photosynthesis, suggesting sufficient capacity of cpTPI is necessary to prevent the occurrence of Pi-limited photosynthesis and that cpTPI content moderately affects photosynthetic capacity at elevated [CO2]. As there tended to be slight variations in the amounts of total leaf-N depending on the genotypes, relationships between A and the amounts of cpTPI were examined after these parameters were expressed per unit amount of total leaf-N (A/N and cpTPI/N, respectively). A/N at elevated [CO2] decreased linearly as cpTPI/N decreased before A/N sharply decreased, owing to further decreases in cpTPI/N. Within this linear range, decreases in cpTPI/N by 80% led to decreases up to 27% in A/N at elevated [CO2]. Thus, cpTPI function is crucial for photosynthesis at elevated [CO2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Suzuki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Keiki Ishiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Dong-Kyung Yoon
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | | | - Eri Kondo
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Mao Suganami
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Shinya Wada
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Amane Makino
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
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Figueroa CM, Asencion Diez MD, Ballicora MA, Iglesias AA. Structure, function, and evolution of plant ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 108:307-323. [PMID: 35006475 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This review outlines research performed in the last two decades on the structural, kinetic, regulatory and evolutionary aspects of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, the regulatory enzyme for starch biosynthesis. ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (ADP-Glc PPase) catalyzes the first committed step in the pathway of glycogen and starch synthesis in bacteria and plants, respectively. Plant ADP-Glc PPase is a heterotetramer allosterically regulated by metabolites and post-translational modifications. In this review, we focus on the three-dimensional structure of the plant enzyme, the amino acids that bind the regulatory molecules, and the regions involved in transmitting the allosteric signal to the catalytic site. We provide a model for the evolution of the small and large subunits, which produce heterotetramers with distinct catalytic and regulatory properties. Additionally, we review the various post-translational modifications observed in ADP-Glc PPases from different species and tissues. Finally, we discuss the subcellular localization of the enzyme found in grain endosperm from grasses, such as maize and rice. Overall, this work brings together research performed in the last two decades to better understand the multiple mechanisms involved in the regulation of ADP-Glc PPase. The rational modification of this enzyme could improve the yield and resilience of economically important crops, which is particularly important in the current scenario of climate change and food shortage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Figueroa
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Matías D Asencion Diez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Miguel A Ballicora
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Alberto A Iglesias
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Myat AA, Zhou Y, Gao Y, Zhao X, Liang C, Abid MA, Wang P, Akram U, Abbas M, Askari M, Guo S, Zhang R, Meng Z. Overexpression of GhKTI12 Enhances Seed Yield and Biomass Production in Nicotiana Tabacum. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:426. [PMID: 35327981 PMCID: PMC8953243 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Crop molecular breeding primarily focuses on increasing the trait of plant yield. An elongator-associated protein, KTI12, is closely associated with plant biomass and yield. KTI12 is involved in developmental processes of most organs, including the leaf, root, flower, and seed, through regulating cell division and differentiation. Previous work has shown that in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), GhKTI12 regulates plant height, flowering, and tolerance to salt and drought stress. However, little is known about the molecular regulation mechanism of GhKTI12 in plant developmental processes. In this study, we identified the main GhKTI12 (Gh_D02G144400) gene and transformed it into tobacco (Nicotonia tabacum cv NC89). From seven transgenic lines, we obtained three (OE5, OE6 and OE8) with high expression of GhKTI12; compared with wild type plants, these three lines exhibited larger plant size, later flowering, and higher seed yield. Microscopic observation revealed that the number of leaf epidermal cells and stem parenchyma cells was increased by ~55%. Biochemical analysis showed that chlorophyll content and starch accumulation were significantly increased in younger leaves at the top canopy of transgenic plants, which may contribute to improved photosynthetic rate and, in turn, increased seed yield. To understand the molecular mechanism of GhKTI12 in transgenic plants development, two lines (OE6 and OE8) with higher expression levels of GhKTI12 were used as representative plants to conduct RNA-seq analysis. Through transcriptome analysis of the plant's shoot apical meristematic tissue of these two lines, we identified 518 upregulated genes and 406 downregulated genes common to both overexpression lines. A large number of cellular component genes associated with cell division and differentiation, such as RD21, TET8, KTN80, AOX1, AOX2, CP1, and KIC, were found to be upregulated, and genes showing the most downregulation included MADS-box genes related to flowering time, such as MADS6, AP1, AP3, AGL8, AGL6, SEP1, and SEP2. Downregulation of these genes caused delayed flowering time and longer vegetative stage during development. Combined with the upregulation of the yield-related gene RD21, the GhKTI12 transgenic plants could produce a higher seed yield. We here show that the overexpression of GhKTI12 could positively improve key agronomic traits in tobacco by regulating cell proliferation, photosynthesis, and organ development, and suggest that homologs of GhKTI12 may also be important in the genetic improvement of other crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aye Aye Myat
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (A.A.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (M.A.A.); (P.W.); (U.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (S.G.); (R.Z.)
| | - Yu Zhou
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (A.A.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (M.A.A.); (P.W.); (U.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (S.G.); (R.Z.)
| | - Yuan Gao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (A.A.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (M.A.A.); (P.W.); (U.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (S.G.); (R.Z.)
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (A.A.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (M.A.A.); (P.W.); (U.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (S.G.); (R.Z.)
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (A.A.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (M.A.A.); (P.W.); (U.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (S.G.); (R.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Ali Abid
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (A.A.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (M.A.A.); (P.W.); (U.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (S.G.); (R.Z.)
| | - Peilin Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (A.A.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (M.A.A.); (P.W.); (U.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (S.G.); (R.Z.)
| | - Umar Akram
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (A.A.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (M.A.A.); (P.W.); (U.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (S.G.); (R.Z.)
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS—University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Mubashir Abbas
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (A.A.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (M.A.A.); (P.W.); (U.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (S.G.); (R.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Askari
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (A.A.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (M.A.A.); (P.W.); (U.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (S.G.); (R.Z.)
| | - Sandui Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (A.A.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (M.A.A.); (P.W.); (U.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (S.G.); (R.Z.)
| | - Rui Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (A.A.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (M.A.A.); (P.W.); (U.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (S.G.); (R.Z.)
| | - Zhigang Meng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (A.A.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (M.A.A.); (P.W.); (U.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (S.G.); (R.Z.)
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The Genetic Basis of Phosphorus Utilization Efficiency in Plants Provide New Insight into Woody Perennial Plants Improvement. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042353. [PMID: 35216469 PMCID: PMC8877309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil nutrient restrictions are the main environmental conditions limiting plant growth, development, yield, and quality. Phosphorus (P), an essential macronutrient, is one of the most significant factors that vastly restrains the growth and development of plants. Although the total P is rich in soil, its bio-available concentration is still unable to meet the requirements of plants. To maintain P homeostasis, plants have developed lots of intricate responsive and acclimatory mechanisms at different levels, which contribute to administering the acquisition of inorganic phosphate (Pi), translocation, remobilization, and recycling of Pi. In recent years, significant advances have been made in the exploration of the utilization of P in annual plants, while the research progress in woody perennial plants is still vague. In the meanwhile, compared to annual plants, relevant reviews about P utilization in woody perennial plants are scarce. Therefore, based on the importance of P in the growth and development of plants, we briefly reviewed the latest advances on the genetic and molecular mechanisms of plants to uphold P homeostasis, P sensing, and signaling, ion transporting and metabolic regulation, and proposed the possible sustainable management strategies to fasten the P cycle in modern agriculture and new directions for future studies.
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Hayes PE, Adem GD, Pariasca-Tanaka J, Wissuwa M. Leaf phosphorus fractionation in rice to understand internal phosphorus-use efficiency. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 129:287-302. [PMID: 34875007 PMCID: PMC8835646 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Phosphorus (P) availability is often limiting for rice (Oryza sativa) production. Improving internal P-use efficiency (PUE) is crucial to sustainable food production, particularly in low-input systems. A critical aspect of PUE in plants, and one that remains poorly understood, is the investment of leaf P in different chemical P fractions (nucleic acid-P, lipid-P, inorganic-P, metabolite-P and residual-P). The overarching objective of this study was to understand how these key P fractions influence PUE. METHODS Three high-PUE and two low-PUE rice genotypes were grown in hydroponics with contrasting P supplies. We measured PUE, total P, P fractions, photosynthesis and biomass. KEY RESULTS Low investment in lipid-P was strongly associated with increased photosynthetic PUE (PPUE), achieved by reducing total leaf P concentration while maintaining rapid photosynthetic rates. All low-P plants exhibited a low investment in inorganic-P and lipid-P, but not nucleic acid-P. In addition, whole-plant PUE was strongly associated with reduced total P concentration, increased biomass and increased preferential allocation of resources to the youngest mature leaves. CONCLUSIONS Lipid remodelling has been shown in rice before, but we show for the first time that reduced lipid-P investment improves PUE in rice without reducing photosynthesis. This presents a novel pathway for increasing PUE by targeting varieties with reduced lipid-P investment. This will benefit rice production in low-P soils and in areas where fertilizer use is limited, improving global food security by reducing P fertilizer demands and food production costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick E Hayes
- Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Getnet D Adem
- Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Juan Pariasca-Tanaka
- Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Matthias Wissuwa
- Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Han Y, White PJ, Cheng L. Mechanisms for improving phosphorus utilization efficiency in plants. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 129:247-258. [PMID: 34864840 PMCID: PMC8835619 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limitation of plant productivity by phosphorus (P) supply is widespread and will probably increase in the future. Relatively large amounts of P fertilizer are applied to sustain crop growth and development and to achieve high yields. However, with increasing P application, plant P efficiency generally declines, which results in greater losses of P to the environment with detrimental consequences for ecosystems. SCOPE A strategy for reducing P input and environmental losses while maintaining or increasing plant performance is the development of crops that take up P effectively from the soil (P acquisition efficiency) or promote productivity per unit of P taken up (P utilization efficiency). In this review, we describe current research on P metabolism and transport and its relevance for improving P utilization efficiency. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced P utilization efficiency can be achieved by optimal partitioning of cellular P and distributing P effectively between tissues, allowing maximum growth and biomass of harvestable plant parts. Knowledge of the mechanisms involved could help design and breed crops with greater P utilization efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Philip J White
- Department of Ecological Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Lingyun Cheng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
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Muthukrishnan L. Bio‐engineering of microalgae: Challenges and future prospects toward industrial and environmental applications. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:310-329. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmipathy Muthukrishnan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai Tamil Nadu India
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Effects of the Chloroplast Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase Gene on Growth and Low-Temperature Tolerance of Tomato. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020728. [PMID: 35054921 PMCID: PMC8775715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most important greenhouse vegetables, with a large cultivated area across the world. However, in northern China, tomato plants often suffer from low-temperature stress in solar greenhouse cultivation, which affects plant growth and development and results in economic losses. We previously found that a chloroplast aldolase gene in tomato, SlFBA4, plays an important role in the Calvin-Benson cycle (CBC), and its expression level and activity can be significantly altered when subjected to low-temperature stress. To further study the function of SlFBA4 in the photosynthesis and chilling tolerance of tomato, we obtained transgenic tomato plants by the over-expression and RNA interference (RNAi) of SlFBA4. The over-expression of SlFBA4 led to higher fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase activity, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and activity of other enzymes in the CBC than wild type. Opposite results were observed in the RNAi lines. Moreover, an increase in thousand-seed weight, plant height, stem diameter and germination rate in optimal and sub-optimal temperatures was observed in the over-expression lines, while opposite effects were observed in the RNAi lines. Furthermore, over-expression of SlFBA4 increased Pn and enzyme activity and decreased malonaldehyde (MDA) content under chilling conditions. On the other hand, Pn and MDA content were more severely influenced by chilling stress in the RNAi lines. These results indicate that SlFBA4 plays an important role in tomato growth and tolerance to chilling stress.
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Perby LK, Richter S, Weber K, Hieber AJ, Hess N, Crocoll C, Mogensen HK, Pribil M, Burow M, Nielsen TH, Mustroph A. Cytosolic phosphofructokinases are important for sugar homeostasis in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 129:37-52. [PMID: 34549262 PMCID: PMC8752397 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS ATP-dependent phosphofructokinases (PFKs) catalyse phosphorylation of the carbon-1 position of fructose-6-phosphate, to form fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. In the cytosol, this is considered a key step in channelling carbon into glycolysis. Arabidopsis thaliana has seven genes encoding PFK isoforms, two chloroplastic and five cytosolic. This study focuses on the four major cytosolic isoforms of PFK in vegetative tissues of A. thaliana. METHODS We isolated homozygous knockout individual mutants (pfk1, pfk3, pfk6 and pfk7) and two double mutants (pfk1/7 and pfk3/6), and characterized their growth and metabolic phenotypes. KEY RESULTS In contrast to single mutants and the double mutant pfk3/6 for the hypoxia-responsive isoforms, the double mutant pfk1/7 had reduced PFK activity and showed a clear visual and metabolic phenotype with reduced shoot growth, early flowering and elevated hexose levels. This mutant also has an altered ratio of short/long aliphatic glucosinolates and an altered root-shoot distribution. Surprisingly, this mutant does not show any major changes in short-term carbon flux and in levels of hexose-phosphates. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the two isoforms PFK1 and PFK7 are important for sugar homeostasis in leaf metabolism and apparently in source-sink relationships in A. thaliana, while PFK3 and PFK6 only play a minor role under normal growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kathrine Perby
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Simon Richter
- Plant Physiology, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstr. 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Konrad Weber
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Alina Johanna Hieber
- Plant Physiology, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstr. 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Natalia Hess
- Plant Physiology, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstr. 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christoph Crocoll
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Helle Kildal Mogensen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mathias Pribil
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Meike Burow
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Tom Hamborg Nielsen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Angelika Mustroph
- Plant Physiology, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstr. 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- For correspondence. E-mail
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Dehigaspitiya P, Milham P, Martin A, Ash G, Gamage D, Holford P, Seneweera S. Site-specific, genotypic and temporal variation in photosynthesis and its related biochemistry in wheat ( Triticum aestivum). FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:115-131. [PMID: 34898425 DOI: 10.1071/fp21111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) pericarps may contribute appreciably to wheat grain yield. Consequently, we investigated the temporal variation of traits related to photosynthesis and sucrose metabolism in the pericarps and flag leaves of three wheat genotypes, Huandoy, Amurskaja 75 and Greece 25, which are reported to differ in expression of genes related to the C4 pathway in wheat grain. Significant site-specific, genotypic and temporal variation in the maximum carboxylation rate (Vc max ) and maximum rates of electron transport (J max ) (biological capacity of carbon assimilation) were observed early in ontogeny that dissipated by late grain filling. Although the transcript abundance of rbcS and rbcL in flag leaves was significantly higher than in the pericarps, in line with their photosynthetic prominence, both organ types displayed similar expression patterns among growth stages. The higher N concentrations in the pericarps during grain enlargement suggest increased Rubisco; however, expression of rbcS and rbcL indicated the contrary. From heading to 14days post-anthesis, wheat pericarps exhibited a strong, positive correlation between biological capacity for carbon assimilation and expression of key genes related to sucrose metabolism (SPS1 , SUS1 and SPP1 ). The strong correlation between spike dry weight and the biological capacity for carbon assimilation along with other findings of this study suggest that metabolic processes in wheat spikes may play a major role in grain filling, total yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Milham
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, LB 1797, Penrith, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Anke Martin
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia
| | - Gavin Ash
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia
| | - Dananjali Gamage
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka
| | - Paul Holford
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, LB 1797, Penrith, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Saman Seneweera
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia; and Faculty of Veterinary and Agriculture Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia
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Bian S, Tian T, Ding Y, Yan N, Wang C, Fang N, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Zhang H. bHLH Transcription Factor NtMYC2a Regulates Carbohydrate Metabolism during the Pollen Development of Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. TN90). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:plants11010017. [PMID: 35009020 PMCID: PMC8747387 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor MYC2 regulates plant growth and development in many aspects through the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway, while the role of MYC2 in plant carbohydrate metabolism has not been reported. Here, we generated NtMYC2a-overexpressing (NtMYC2a-OE) and RNA-interference-mediated knockdown (NtMYC2a-RI) transgenic plants of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. TN90) to investigate the role of NtMYC2a in carbohydrate metabolism and pollen development. Results showed that NtMYC2a regulates the starch accumulation and the starch-sugar conversion of floral organs, especially in pollen. The RT-qPCR analysis showed that the expression of starch-metabolic-related genes, AGPs, SS2 and BAM1, were regulated by NtMYC2a in the pollen grain, anther wall and ovary of tobacco plants. The process of pollen maturation was accelerated in NtMYC2a-OE plants and was delayed in NtMYC2a-RI plants, but the manipulation of NtMYC2a expression did not abolish the pollen fertility of the transgenic plants. Intriguingly, overexpression of NtMYC2a also enhanced the soluble carbohydrate accumulation in tobacco ovaries. Overall, our results demonstrated that the bHLH transcription factor NtMYC2a plays an important role in regulating the carbohydrate metabolism during pollen maturation in tobacco.
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Zimmer D, Swart C, Graf A, Arrivault S, Tillich M, Proost S, Nikoloski Z, Stitt M, Bock R, Mühlhaus T, Boulouis A. Topology of the redox network during induction of photosynthesis as revealed by time-resolved proteomics in tobacco. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi8307. [PMID: 34919428 PMCID: PMC8682995 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi8307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetically produced electrons provide energy for various metabolic pathways, including carbon reduction. Four Calvin-Benson cycle enzymes and several other plastid proteins are activated in the light by reduction of specific cysteines via thioredoxins, a family of electron transporters operating in redox regulation networks. How does this network link the photosynthetic chain with cellular metabolism? Using a time-resolved redox proteomic method, we have investigated the redox network in vivo during the dark–to–low light transition. We show that redox states of some thioredoxins follow the photosynthetic linear electron transport rate. While some redox targets have kinetics compatible with an equilibrium with one thioredoxin (TRXf), reduction of other proteins shows specific kinetic limitations, allowing fine-tuning of each redox-regulated step of chloroplast metabolism. We identified five new redox-regulated proteins, including proteins involved in Mg2+ transport and 1O2 signaling. Our results provide a system-level functional view of the photosynthetic redox regulation network.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Zimmer
- Computational Systems Biology, TU Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Corné Swart
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alexander Graf
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Stéphanie Arrivault
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Michael Tillich
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Proost
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Timo Mühlhaus
- Computational Systems Biology, TU Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Alix Boulouis
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Laboratory of Chloroplast Biology and Light-sensing in Microalgae, UMR7141, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France
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Yang X, Liu D, Lu H, Weston DJ, Chen JG, Muchero W, Martin S, Liu Y, Hassan MM, Yuan G, Kalluri UC, Tschaplinski TJ, Mitchell JC, Wullschleger SD, Tuskan GA. Biological Parts for Plant Biodesign to Enhance Land-Based Carbon Dioxide Removal. BIODESIGN RESEARCH 2021; 2021:9798714. [PMID: 37849951 PMCID: PMC10521660 DOI: 10.34133/2021/9798714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A grand challenge facing society is climate change caused mainly by rising CO2 concentration in Earth's atmosphere. Terrestrial plants are linchpins in global carbon cycling, with a unique capability of capturing CO2 via photosynthesis and translocating captured carbon to stems, roots, and soils for long-term storage. However, many researchers postulate that existing land plants cannot meet the ambitious requirement for CO2 removal to mitigate climate change in the future due to low photosynthetic efficiency, limited carbon allocation for long-term storage, and low suitability for the bioeconomy. To address these limitations, there is an urgent need for genetic improvement of existing plants or construction of novel plant systems through biosystems design (or biodesign). Here, we summarize validated biological parts (e.g., protein-encoding genes and noncoding RNAs) for biological engineering of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) traits in terrestrial plants to accelerate land-based decarbonization in bioenergy plantations and agricultural settings and promote a vibrant bioeconomy. Specifically, we first summarize the framework of plant-based CDR (e.g., CO2 capture, translocation, storage, and conversion to value-added products). Then, we highlight some representative biological parts, with experimental evidence, in this framework. Finally, we discuss challenges and strategies for the identification and curation of biological parts for CDR engineering in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Yang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Degao Liu
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Center for Precision Plant Genomics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Haiwei Lu
- Department of Academic Education, Central Community College-Hastings, Hastings, NE 68902USA
| | - David J. Weston
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Jin-Gui Chen
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Wellington Muchero
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Stanton Martin
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Md Mahmudul Hassan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Guoliang Yuan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Udaya C. Kalluri
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Timothy J. Tschaplinski
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Julie C. Mitchell
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Stan D. Wullschleger
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Gerald A. Tuskan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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42
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Peixoto B, Moraes TA, Mengin V, Margalha L, Vicente R, Feil R, Höhne M, Sousa AGG, Lilue J, Stitt M, Lunn JE, Baena-González E. Impact of the SnRK1 protein kinase on sucrose homeostasis and the transcriptome during the diel cycle. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1357-1373. [PMID: 34618060 PMCID: PMC8566312 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
SNF1-related Kinase 1 (SnRK1) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase with key functions in energy management during stress responses in plants. To address a potential role of SnRK1 under favorable conditions, we performed a metabolomic and transcriptomic characterization of rosettes of 20-d-old Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants of SnRK1 gain- and loss-of-function mutants during the regular diel cycle. Our results show that SnRK1 manipulation alters the sucrose and trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P) relationship, influencing how the sucrose content is translated into Tre6P accumulation and modulating the flux of carbon to the tricarboxylic acid cycle downstream of Tre6P signaling. On the other hand, daily cycles of Tre6P accumulation were accompanied by changes in SnRK1 signaling, leading to a maximum in the expression of SnRK1-induced genes at the end of the night, when Tre6P levels are lowest, and to a minimum at the end of the day, when Tre6P levels peak. The expression of SnRK1-induced genes was strongly reduced by transient Tre6P accumulation in an inducible Tre6P synthase (otsA) line, further suggesting the involvement of Tre6P in the diel oscillations in SnRK1 signaling. Transcriptional profiling of wild-type plants and SnRK1 mutants also uncovered defects that are suggestive of an iron sufficiency response and of a matching induction of sulfur acquisition and assimilation when SnRK1 is depleted. In conclusion, under favorable growth conditions, SnRK1 plays a role in sucrose homeostasis and transcriptome remodeling in autotrophic tissues and its activity is influenced by diel fluctuations in Tre6P levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Peixoto
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal and GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Thiago A Moraes
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Present address: Crop Science Centre, Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Virginie Mengin
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Present address: University of Essex, School of Life Sciences, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Leonor Margalha
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal and GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rubén Vicente
- GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Regina Feil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Melanie Höhne
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - António G G Sousa
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Bioinformatics Unit, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Jingtao Lilue
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Bioinformatics Unit, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - John E Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Elena Baena-González
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal and GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- Author for communication:
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Yu J, Wang K, Beckles DM. Starch branching enzymes as putative determinants of postharvest quality in horticultural crops. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:479. [PMID: 34674662 PMCID: PMC8529802 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03253-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Starch branching enzymes (SBEs) are key determinants of the structure and amount of the starch in plant organs, and as such, they have the capacity to influence plant growth, developmental, and fitness processes, and in addition, the industrial end-use of starch. However, little is known about the role of SBEs in determining starch structure-function relations in economically important horticultural crops such as fruit and leafy greens, many of which accumulate starch transiently. Further, a full understanding of the biological function of these types of starches is lacking. Because of this gap in knowledge, this minireview aims to provide an overview of SBEs in horticultural crops, to investigate the potential role of starch in determining postharvest quality. A systematic examination of SBE sequences in 43 diverse horticultural species, identified SBE1, 2 and 3 isoforms in all species examined except apple, olive, and Brassicaceae, which lacked SBE1, but had a duplicated SBE2. Among our findings after a comprehensive and critical review of published data, was that as apple, banana, and tomato fruits ripens, the ratio of the highly digestible amylopectin component of starch increases relative to the more digestion-resistant amylose fraction, with parallel increases in SBE2 transcription, fruit sugar content, and decreases in starch. It is tempting to speculate that during the ripening of these fruit when starch degradation occurs, there are rearrangements made to the structure of starch possibly via branching enzymes to increase starch digestibility to sugars. We propose that based on the known action of SBEs, and these observations, SBEs may affect produce quality, and shelf-life directly through starch accumulation, and indirectly, by altering sugar availability. Further studies where SBE activity is fine-tuned in these crops, can enrich our understanding of the role of starch across species and may improve horticulture postharvest quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Yu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Graduate Group of Horticulture & Agronomy, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Present Address: Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Keyun Wang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Diane M Beckles
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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44
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Incorporating carbon dioxide into a stoichiometric producer-grazer model. J Math Biol 2021; 83:49. [PMID: 34636966 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-021-01658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Climate change models predict increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. As ecosystems equilibrate with the atmosphere, stimulation of photosynthesis is expected to occur. However, growth limitation due to soil nutrients may potentially limit sequestration of carbon. Additionally, changes in producer nutritional quality may cause a decline in grazer populations. Here we extend the WKL model to allow for consideration of the impacts of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration on producer-grazer dynamics. We do so by explicitly tracking the free carbon in the medium and allowing the producer's growth rate to be limited by available carbon instead of light. This model is analyzed using primarily local bifurcation analysis. Overall, these analyses show that carbon sequestration due to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide can be limited by insufficient available phosphorus. Furthermore, increased atmospheric carbon dioxide will cause decreased stoichiometric quality of producers where available phosphorus is limiting.
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45
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Chadee A, Alber NA, Dahal K, Vanlerberghe GC. The Complementary Roles of Chloroplast Cyclic Electron Transport and Mitochondrial Alternative Oxidase to Ensure Photosynthetic Performance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:748204. [PMID: 34650584 PMCID: PMC8505746 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.748204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts use light energy and a linear electron transport (LET) pathway for the coupled generation of NADPH and ATP. It is widely accepted that the production ratio of ATP to NADPH is usually less than required to fulfill the energetic needs of the chloroplast. Left uncorrected, this would quickly result in an over-reduction of the stromal pyridine nucleotide pool (i.e., high NADPH/NADP+ ratio) and under-energization of the stromal adenine nucleotide pool (i.e., low ATP/ADP ratio). These imbalances could cause metabolic bottlenecks, as well as increased generation of damaging reactive oxygen species. Chloroplast cyclic electron transport (CET) and the chloroplast malate valve could each act to prevent stromal over-reduction, albeit in distinct ways. CET avoids the NADPH production associated with LET, while the malate valve consumes the NADPH associated with LET. CET could operate by one of two different pathways, depending upon the chloroplast ATP demand. The NADH dehydrogenase-like pathway yields a higher ATP return per electron flux than the pathway involving PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION5 (PGR5) and PGR5-LIKE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHENOTYPE1 (PGRL1). Similarly, the malate valve could couple with one of two different mitochondrial electron transport pathways, depending upon the cytosolic ATP demand. The cytochrome pathway yields a higher ATP return per electron flux than the alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway. In both Arabidopsis thaliana and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, PGR5/PGRL1 pathway mutants have increased amounts of AOX, suggesting complementary roles for these two lesser-ATP yielding mechanisms of preventing stromal over-reduction. These two pathways may become most relevant under environmental stress conditions that lower the ATP demands for carbon fixation and carbohydrate export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avesh Chadee
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole A. Alber
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Keshav Dahal
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Greg C. Vanlerberghe
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
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46
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Stitt M, Luca Borghi G, Arrivault S. Targeted metabolite profiling as a top-down approach to uncover interspecies diversity and identify key conserved operational features in the Calvin-Benson cycle. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5961-5986. [PMID: 34473300 PMCID: PMC8411860 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Improving photosynthesis is a promising avenue to increase crop yield. This will be aided by better understanding of natural variance in photosynthesis. Profiling of Calvin-Benson cycle (CBC) metabolites provides a top-down strategy to uncover interspecies diversity in CBC operation. In a study of four C4 and five C3 species, principal components analysis separated C4 species from C3 species and also separated different C4 species. These separations were driven by metabolites that reflect known species differences in their biochemistry and pathways. Unexpectedly, there was also considerable diversity between the C3 species. Falling atmospheric CO2 and changing temperature, nitrogen, and water availability have driven evolution of C4 photosynthesis in multiple lineages. We propose that analogous selective pressures drove lineage-dependent evolution of the CBC in C3 species. Examples of species-dependent variation include differences in the balance between the CBC and the light reactions, and in the balance between regulated steps in the CBC. Metabolite profiles also reveal conserved features including inactivation of enzymes in low irradiance, and maintenance of CBC metabolites at relatively high levels in the absence of net CO2 fixation. These features may be important for photosynthetic efficiency in low light, fluctuating irradiance, and when stomata close due to low water availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Gian Luca Borghi
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Stéphanie Arrivault
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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47
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Walker RP, Bonghi C, Varotto S, Battistelli A, Burbidge CA, Castellarin SD, Chen ZH, Darriet P, Moscatello S, Rienth M, Sweetman C, Famiani F. Sucrose Metabolism and Transport in Grapevines, with Emphasis on Berries and Leaves, and Insights Gained from a Cross-Species Comparison. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7794. [PMID: 34360556 PMCID: PMC8345980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In grapevines, as in other plants, sucrose and its constituents glucose and fructose are fundamentally important and carry out a multitude of roles. The aims of this review are three-fold. First, to provide a summary of the metabolism and transport of sucrose in grapevines, together with new insights and interpretations. Second, to stress the importance of considering the compartmentation of metabolism. Third, to outline the key role of acid invertase in osmoregulation associated with sucrose metabolism and transport in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio Bonghi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Serena Varotto
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Alberto Battistelli
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 05010 Porano, Italy; (A.B.); (S.M.)
| | | | - Simone D. Castellarin
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 0Z4, Canada;
| | - Zhi-Hui Chen
- College of Life Science, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK;
| | - Philippe Darriet
- Cenologie, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France;
| | - Stefano Moscatello
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 05010 Porano, Italy; (A.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Markus Rienth
- Changins College for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Sciences and Art Western Switzerland, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland;
| | - Crystal Sweetman
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 5100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
| | - Franco Famiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
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48
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Zhang Y, Giese J, Kerbler SM, Siemiatkowska B, Perez de Souza L, Alpers J, Medeiros DB, Hincha DK, Daloso DM, Stitt M, Finkemeier I, Fernie AR. Two mitochondrial phosphatases, PP2c63 and Sal2, are required for posttranslational regulation of the TCA cycle in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:1104-1118. [PMID: 33798747 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a well-established post-translational mechanism that regulates protein functions and metabolic pathways. It is known that several plant mitochondrial proteins are phosphorylated in a reversible manner. However, the identities of the protein kinases/phosphatases involved in this mechanism and their roles in the regulation of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle remain unclear. In this study, we isolated and characterized plants lacking two mitochondrially targeted phosphatases (Sal2 and PP2c63) along with pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK). Protein-protein interaction analysis, quantitative phosphoproteomics, and enzymatic analyses revealed that PDK specifically regulates pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), while PP2c63 nonspecifically regulates PDC. When recombinant PP2c63 and Sal2 proteins were added to mitochondria isolated from mutant plants, protein-protein interaction and enzymatic analyses showed that PP2c63 directly phosphorylates and modulates the activity of PDC, while Sal2 only indirectly affects TCA cycle enzymes. Characterization of steady-state metabolite levels and fluxes in the mutant lines further revealed that these phosphatases regulate flux through the TCA cycle, and that altered metabolism in the sal2 pp2c63 double mutant compromises plant growth. These results are discussed in the context of current models of the control of respiration in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjun Zhang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Jonas Giese
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Sandra M Kerbler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Beata Siemiatkowska
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Leonardo Perez de Souza
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jessica Alpers
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - David Barbosa Medeiros
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Dirk K Hincha
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Danilo M Daloso
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Iris Finkemeier
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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49
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Fichtner F, Lunn JE. The Role of Trehalose 6-Phosphate (Tre6P) in Plant Metabolism and Development. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 72:737-760. [PMID: 33428475 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-095929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P) has a dual function as a signal and homeostatic regulator of sucrose levels in plants. In source leaves, Tre6P regulates the production of sucrose to balance supply with demand for sucrose from growing sink organs. As a signal of sucrose availability, Tre6P influences developmental decisions that will affect future demand for sucrose, such as flowering, embryogenesis, and shoot branching, and links the growth of sink organs to sucrose supply. This involves complex interactions with SUCROSE-NON-FERMENTING1-RELATED KINASE1 that are not yet fully understood. Tre6P synthase, the enzyme that makes Tre6P, plays a key role in the nexus between sucrose and Tre6P, operating in the phloem-loading zone of leaves and potentially generating systemic signals for source-sink coordination. Many plants have large and diverse families of Tre6P phosphatase enzymes that dephosphorylate Tre6P, some of which have noncatalytic functions in plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Fichtner
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia;
| | - John Edward Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany;
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50
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Alber NA, Vanlerberghe GC. The flexibility of metabolic interactions between chloroplasts and mitochondria in Nicotiana tabacum leaf. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:1625-1646. [PMID: 33811402 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
To examine the effect of mitochondrial function on photosynthesis, wild-type and transgenic Nicotiana tabacum with varying amounts of alternative oxidase (AOX) were treated with different respiratory inhibitors. Initially, each inhibitor increased the reduction state of the chloroplast electron transport chain, most severely in AOX knockdowns and least severely in AOX overexpressors. This indicated that the mitochondrion was a necessary sink for photo-generated reductant, contributing to the 'P700 oxidation capacity' of photosystem I. Initially, the Complex III inhibitor myxothiazol and the mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitor oligomycin caused an increase in photosystem II regulated non-photochemical quenching not evident with the Complex III inhibitor antimycin A (AA). This indicated that the increased quenching depended upon AA-sensitive cyclic electron transport (CET). Following 12 h with oligomycin, the reduction state of the chloroplast electron transport chain recovered in all plant lines. Recovery was associated with large increases in the protein amount of chloroplast ATP synthase and mitochondrial uncoupling protein. This increased the capacity for photophosphorylation in the absence of oxidative phosphorylation and enabled the mitochondrion to act again as a sink for photo-generated reductant. Comparing the AA and myxothiazol treatments at 12 h showed that CET optimized photosystem I quantum yield, depending upon the P700 oxidation capacity. When this capacity was too high, CET drew electrons away from other sinks, moderating the P700+ amount. When P700 oxidation capacity was too low, CET acted as an electron overflow, moderating the amount of reduced P700. This study reveals flexible chloroplast-mitochondrion interactions able to overcome lesions in energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Alber
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Greg C Vanlerberghe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada
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