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Liu R, Figueroa R, Brink HV, Vorland CJ, Auckburally S, Johnson L, Garay J, Brown T, Simon S, Ells L. The efficacy of sleep lifestyle interventions for the management of overweight or obesity in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:321. [PMID: 38287352 PMCID: PMC10825984 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17708-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity remains a significant public health concern. Sleep duration and quality among children and youth are suboptimal worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests an association between inadequate sleep and obesity risk, yet it is unclear whether this relationship is causal. This systematic review examines the efficacy of sleep interventions alone or as a part of lifestyle interventions for the management of overweight or obesity among children and adolescents. METHODS A keyword/reference search was performed twice, in January 2021 and May 2022 in MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE/Ovid, PsycINFO/EBSCO, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science Core Collection/Web of Science, SciELO/Web of Science, and CINAHL/EBSCO. Study eligibility criteria included youth with overweight or obesity between 5 and 17, were RCTs or quasi-randomized, and focused on the treatment of overweight and obesity with a sleep behavior intervention component. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment tool (RoB2). A Meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the effect of interventions with a sleep component on BMI. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021233329). RESULTS A total of 8 studies (2 quasi-experiments, 6 RCTs) met inclusion criteria and accounted for 2,231 participants across 7 countries. Only one study design isolated the effect of sleep in the intervention and reported statistically significant decreases in weight and waist circumference compared to control, though we rated it at high risk of bias. Our meta-analysis showed no significant overall effect on children's BMI as a result of participation in an intervention with a sleep component (Cohen's d = 0.18, 95% CI= -0.04, 0.40, Z = 1.56, P = .11), though caution is warranted due to substantial heterogeneity observed across studies (Tau2 = 0.08; X2 = 23.05, df = 7; I2 = 83.73%). CONCLUSIONS There were mixed results on the effect of sleep interventions across included studies on BMI, other weight-related outcomes, diet, physical activity, and sleep. Except for one study at low risk of bias, three were rated as 'some concerns' and four 'high risk of bias'. Findings from this study highlight the need for additional RCTs isolating sleep as a component, focusing on children and adolescents living with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyu Liu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Roger Figueroa
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | | | - Colby J Vorland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Sameera Auckburally
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Lynn Johnson
- Cornell Statistical Consulting Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Garay
- Falk College of Sport & Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Tamara Brown
- Obesity Institute, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Stacey Simon
- Pediatrics - Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado Anschutz Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Louisa Ells
- School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
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Duan D, Kim LJ, Jun JC, Polotsky VY. Connecting insufficient sleep and insomnia with metabolic dysfunction. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1519:94-117. [PMID: 36373239 PMCID: PMC9839511 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The global epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes parallels the rampant state of sleep deprivation in our society. Epidemiological studies consistently show an association between insufficient sleep and metabolic dysfunction. Mechanistically, sleep and circadian rhythm exert considerable influences on hormones involved in appetite regulation and energy metabolism. As such, data from experimental sleep deprivation in humans demonstrate that insufficient sleep induces a positive energy balance with resultant weight gain, due to increased energy intake that far exceeds the additional energy expenditure of nocturnal wakefulness, and adversely impacts glucose metabolism. Conversely, animal models have found that sleep loss-induced energy expenditure exceeds caloric intake resulting in net weight loss. However, animal models have significant limitations, which may diminish the clinical relevance of their metabolic findings. Clinically, insomnia disorder and insomnia symptoms are associated with adverse glucose outcomes, though it remains challenging to isolate the effects of insomnia on metabolic outcomes independent of comorbidities and insufficient sleep durations. Furthermore, both pharmacological and behavioral interventions for insomnia may have direct metabolic effects. The goal of this review is to establish an updated framework for the causal links between insufficient sleep and insomnia and risks for type 2 diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Duan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; Department of Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lenise J. Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care; Department of Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jonathan C. Jun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care; Department of Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vsevolod Y. Polotsky
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care; Department of Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Wang J, Xue D, Shi B, Xia L, Chen W, Liu L, Liu J, Wang H, Ye F. Sleep duration and metabolic body size phenotypes among Chinese young workers. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1017056. [PMID: 36276399 PMCID: PMC9580563 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1017056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The evidence linking sleep duration and metabolic body size phenotypes is limited, especially in young adulthood. In this study, we aimed to examine the association between sleep duration and metabolic body size phenotypes among Chinese young workers and investigate whether discrepancies exist among shift and non-shift workers. A cross-sectional study was performed between 2018 and 2019 in Wuhan, China and 7,376 young adults aged 20-35 years were included. Self-reported sleep duration was coded into four groups: <7, 7-8, 8-9, and ≥9 h per day. Participants were classified into four metabolic body size phenotypes according to their body mass index and metabolic health status: metabolically healthy normal weight, metabolically unhealthy normal weight, metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHO), and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUO). Multinomial logistic regression models were used to explore the associations between sleep duration and metabolic body phenotypes. Compared with those who slept 7-8 h each night, those with sleep duration <7 h per day had higher odds of MHO (OR 1.27, 95% CI: 1.02-1.56) and MUO (OR 1.22, 95% CI: 1.03-1.43), irrespective of multiple confounders. Stratification analyses by shift work showed that the association between short nighttime sleep and increased odds of MUO was only observed in shift workers (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.03-1.54). Sleep duration is independently associated with metabolic body size phenotypes among Chinese young adults, while shift work could possibly modulate the association. These results may provide evidence for advocating adequate sleep toward favorable metabolic body size phenotypes in young workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangshui Wang
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Xue
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Xia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiyi Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junling Liu
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, China
| | - Huaiji Wang
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, China,Huaiji Wang
| | - Fang Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, Wuhan, China,State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Fang Ye
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Huang WY, Ho RST, Tremblay MS, Wong SHS. Relationships of physical activity and sedentary behaviour with the previous and subsequent nights' sleep in children and youth: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sleep Res 2021; 30:e13378. [PMID: 34235808 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The interrelationships between sleep and daytime movement behaviours have been examined at interindividual level. Studies of within-person, temporal relationships of daytime physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour with the previous and subsequent nights' sleep are increasing. The present systematic review and meta-analysis synthesised the results of studies in school-aged children and youth. Eight databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Global Health, PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL) were searched for peer-reviewed articles that examined the association between daytime movement behaviours (including PA, sedentary time, or sedentary recreational screen time) and night-time sleep on the same day, or the association between night-time sleep and daytime movement behaviours the next day, in children and youth. A total of 11 studies comprising 9,622 children and youth aged 5-15 years met the inclusion criteria. Sedentary time was negatively associated with the subsequent night's sleep duration (r = -0.12, 95% confidence interval -0.23 to -0.00; I2 = 93%; p = .04). Positive relationships between PA and the previous or subsequent night's sleep duration were observed only for studies that adjusted for accelerometer wear time. There was some evidence suggesting that a longer sleep duration was associated with less sedentary time and a higher proportion of the daytime spent being physically active and vice versa, although the association was weak and based on a limited number of studies. From a clinical perspective, promotion of either sleep hygiene or daytime PA should be planned with considerations of the virtuous or vicious circle between these behaviours and monitor concurrent effects on the others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Yajun Huang
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Robin Sze-Tak Ho
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen Heung-Sang Wong
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Su Y, Wang SB, Zheng H, Tan WY, Li X, Huang ZH, Hou CL, Jia FJ. The role of anxiety and depression in the relationship between physical activity and sleep quality: A serial multiple mediation model. J Affect Disord 2021; 290:219-226. [PMID: 34004404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity exacerbates poorer sleep quality, but potential underlying mechanisms of this association remain unknown. The present study aims to disentangle the pathways linking psychical activity to sleep quality through the serial mediation effect of anxiety and depression in a Chinese population. METHODS Data analyzed were from Guangdong Sleep and Psychosomatic Health Survey, a cross-sectional population-based study with a representative sample of adult inhabitants aged 18-85 years living in Guangdong province, China. A total of 13,768 participants were included with the response rate of 80.4%. Singe and serial mediation analyses were conducted to examine whether anxiety and depression mediated the relationship between physical activity and sleep quality, independently and jointly. RESULTS Both direct and indirect effects of physical activity on sleep quality were found. As predicted, anxiety and depression mediated the relationship between physical activity and sleep quality (B Anxiety = -0.17, 95% bootstrap CI: -0.20 to -0.15; B Depression= -0.25, 95% bootstrap CI: -0.28 to -0.21), respectively. In addition, serial mediation analyses indicated that the association of physical activity and sleep quality is mediated by anxiety and depression in a sequential manner (B = -0.13, 95% bootstrap CI: -0.15 to -0.11). LIMITATIONS The primary limitation of the study is the cross-sectional design, which limits the causal inference ability. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the role of anxiety and depression as serial mediators of the relationship between physical activity and sleep quality. Thus, exercise-based programs focusing on improving sleep could benefit from a multi-faceted approach therapeutically targeting psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Su
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Shi-Bin Wang
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China
| | - Huirong Zheng
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China
| | - Wen-Yan Tan
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China
| | - Xueli Li
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China
| | - Zhuo-Hui Huang
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China
| | - Cai-Lan Hou
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China; School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China
| | - Fu-Jun Jia
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China; School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China.
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Papadakis Z, Forsse JS, Stamatis A. High-Intensity Interval Exercise Performance and Short-Term Metabolic Responses to Overnight-Fasted Acute-Partial Sleep Deprivation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3655. [PMID: 33915744 PMCID: PMC8037712 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
People practicing high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) fasted during the morning hours under a lack of sleep. Such a habit may jeopardize the health benefits related to HIIE and adequate sleep. Fifteen habitually good sleeper males (age 31.1 ± 5.3 SD year) completed on a treadmill two isocaloric (500 kcal) HIIE sessions (3:2 min work:rest) averaged at 70% VO2reserve after 9-9.5 h of reference sleep exercise (RSE) and after 3-3.5 h of acute-partial sleep deprivation exercise (SSE). Diet and sleep patterns were controlled both 1 week prior and 2 days leading up to RSE and SSE. HIIE related performance and substrate utilization data were obtained from the continuous analysis of respiratory gases. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with the baseline maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and body fat percentage (BF%) as covariates at p < 0.05. No difference was observed in VO2max, time to complete the HIIE, VE, RER, CHO%, and FAT% utilization during the experimental conditions. Whether attaining an adequate amount of sleep or not, the fasted HIIE performance and metabolism were not affected. We propose to practice the fasted HIIE under adequate sleep to receive the pleiotropic beneficial effects of sleep to the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey S. Forsse
- Baylor Laboratories for Exercise Science and Technologies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 40385, USA;
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7
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Hill C, Lipsky LM, Betts GM, Siega-Riz AM, Nansel TR. A Prospective Study of the Relationship of Sleep Quality and Duration with Gestational Weight Gain and Fat Gain. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2020; 30:405-411. [PMID: 32945728 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2020.8306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective/Background: Fewer than one-third of U.S. women meet the Institute of Medicine guidelines for healthy gestational weight gain (GWG). While poor sleep quality and short sleep duration have been associated with weight gain and obesity in the general population, the relationship of sleep with pregnancy weight and body composition changes is unclear. This study aimed to examine associations of sleep duration and quality with pregnancy-related changes in body weight and fat. Participants: Pregnant women obtaining obstetric care through the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Healthcare System (UNC) (n = 339 who reported any sleep data) participating in the Pregnancy Eating Attributes Study. Materials and Methods: Participants were recruited at ≤12 weeks gestation and followed through delivery. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index measured sleep duration and quality in early and late pregnancy. Weight was measured at each pregnancy medical visit and skinfolds were measured each trimester. t-tests examined sleep changes from early to late pregnancy and regression analyses estimated associations of sleep quality and duration with GWG and gestational fat gain (GFG). Results: Sleep quality and duration declined across pregnancy. A greater proportion of women with high early pregnancy body mass index (>25) reported low sleep quality and short sleep duration. Sleep quality was not associated with GWG adequacy, whereas longer late pregnancy sleep duration was associated with greater odds of inadequate GWG. Shorter sleep duration and lower sleep quality in late, but not early, pregnancy were associated with greater GFG. Conclusions: Lower sleep quality and shorter sleep duration in late pregnancy were associated with greater GFG. Experimental studies are needed to test the direction of causality between GFG and sleep attributes. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02217462.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Hill
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Leah M Lipsky
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Grace M Betts
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna Maria Siega-Riz
- Departments of Nutrition, and Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tonja R Nansel
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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The Association Between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Sleep Duration: Where Are We after nearly Two Decades of Epidemiological Research? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16224327. [PMID: 31698817 PMCID: PMC6888565 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the past twenty years we have seen a vast number of epidemiological studies emerge on the topic of obesity and sleep duration, with a focus on body mass index, as it is easy and cheap to measure and analyse. Such studies largely observe that cross-sectionally a higher BMI is associated with shorter sleep and that in longitudinal studies shorter sleep duration is associated with increases in BMI over time, but some research has found no relationship between the two. This narrative review is not exhaustive, but appraises the literature on sleep duration and BMI from perspectives that have previously been unexplored in a single paper. As such, I discuss research in these important areas: bidirectionality, objective vs. subjective sleep duration, how meaningful the effect sizes are and how we have begun to address causality in this area. From the evidence appraised in this review, it is clear that: (i) there is some modest evidence of a bidirectional relationship between BMI and sleep duration in both children and adults; (ii) objective measurements of sleep should be used where possible; (iii) it remains difficult to confirm whether the effect sizes are conclusively meaningful in a clinical setting, but at least in adults this so far seems unlikely; (iv) to date, there is no solid evidence that this relationship (in either direction) is in fact causal. In the near future, I would like to see triangulation of these findings and perhaps a move towards focusing on distinct aspects of the relationship between obesity and sleep that have not previously been addressed in detail, for various reasons.
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Ward AL, Galland BC, Haszard JJ, Meredith-Jones K, Morrison S, McIntosh DR, Jackson R, Beebe DW, Fangupo L, Richards R, Te Morenga L, Smith C, Elder DE, Taylor RW. The effect of mild sleep deprivation on diet and eating behaviour in children: protocol for the Daily Rest, Eating, and Activity Monitoring (DREAM) randomized cross-over trial. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1347. [PMID: 31640636 PMCID: PMC6805447 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although insufficient sleep has emerged as a strong, independent risk factor for obesity in children, the mechanisms by which insufficient sleep leads to weight gain are uncertain. Observational research suggests that being tired influences what children eat more than how active they are, but only experimental research can determine causality. Few experimental studies have been undertaken to determine how reductions in sleep duration might affect indices of energy balance in children including food choice, appetite regulation, and sedentary time. The primary aim of this study is to objectively determine whether mild sleep deprivation increases energy intake in the absence of hunger. METHODS The Daily, Rest, Eating, and Activity Monitoring (DREAM) study is a randomized controlled trial investigating how mild sleep deprivation influences eating behaviour and activity patterns in children using a counterbalanced, cross-over design. One hundred and ten children aged 8-12 years, with normal reported sleep duration of 8-11 h per night will undergo 2 weeks of sleep manipulation; seven nights of sleep restriction by going to bed 1 hr later than usual, and seven nights of sleep extension going to bed 1 hr earlier than usual, separated by a washout week. During each experimental week, 24-h movement behaviours (sleep, physical activity, sedentary behaviour) will be measured via actigraphy; dietary intake and context of eating by multiple 24-h recalls and wearable camera images; and eating behaviours via objective and subjective methods. At the end of each experimental week a feeding experiment will determine energy intake from eating in the absence of hunger. Differences between sleep conditions will be determined to estimate the effects of reducing sleep duration by 1-2 h per night. DISCUSSION Determining how insufficient sleep predisposes children to weight gain should provide much-needed information for improving interventions for the effective prevention of obesity, thereby decreasing long-term morbidity and healthcare burden. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618001671257 . Registered 10 October 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee L. Ward
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Barbara C. Galland
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Silke Morrison
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Rosie Jackson
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Dean W. Beebe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Ohio, USA
| | - Louise Fangupo
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Lisa Te Morenga
- School of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Claire Smith
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Dawn E. Elder
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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Zhu B, Shi C, Park CG, Zhao X, Reutrakul S. Effects of sleep restriction on metabolism-related parameters in healthy adults: A comprehensive review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sleep Med Rev 2019; 45:18-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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11
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Yoong SL, Grady A, Stacey F, Polimeni M, Clayton O, Jones J, Nathan N, Wyse R, Wolfenden L. A pilot randomized controlled trial examining the impact of a sleep intervention targeting home routines on young children's (3-6 years) physical activity. Pediatr Obes 2019; 14:e12481. [PMID: 30417593 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given evidence suggesting that sleep impacts on metabolic processes, interventions targeting sleep may improve child physical activity (PA). OBJECTIVES To describe the potential effect of an intervention to increase sleep on young children's (3-6 years) moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) and total PA. To determine adherence to the intervention, impact on sleep duration as well as feasibility, uptake and acceptability was also assessed. METHODS Pilot randomized controlled trial with 76 parent-child dyads randomly allocated to an intervention (n = 38) or control group (n = 38). Parents in the intervention group received a 3-month theory-informed intervention consisting of an online video, a telephone call and two text messages. Child PA was assessed using accelerometers at baseline and approximately 3 months. Parents also completed a sleep log and a telephone interview. RESULTS The consent rate was 41% (76/186). Estimated effect size for the intervention relative to control was 10.8 min/day for MVPA, 2.7 min/day for PA and 0.9 h for sleep. Sixteen (44%) parents accessed the video, and 18 (50%) received the telephone call. Over 40% of parents found the video and telephone call useful/very useful. CONCLUSIONS This study reports promising effects that an intervention targeting sleep may improve child MVPA and sleep duration. Some modifications to data collection methods and intervention delivery are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Yoong
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A Grady
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - F Stacey
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Polimeni
- Parenting Research Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - O Clayton
- Parenting Research Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Jones
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N Nathan
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R Wyse
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - L Wolfenden
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Lederman O, Ward PB, Firth J, Maloney C, Carney R, Vancampfort D, Stubbs B, Kalucy M, Rosenbaum S. Does exercise improve sleep quality in individuals with mental illness? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 109:96-106. [PMID: 30513490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
People living with mental illness often experience poor sleep quality compared to the general population. Poor sleep quality exacerbates symptoms of mental illness and contributes to increased physical comorbidities. Exercise has been shown to be an effective non-pharmacological treatment for managing poor sleep in the general population. Little is known regarding the efficacy of targeted exercise interventions for improving sleep quality amongst individuals with a mental illness. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) examining the impact of exercise on sleep quality in people with mental illness. Major electronic databases were searched from inception until June 2018 for exercise-based RCTs that included either subjective and/or objective measures of sleep quality in people with severe mental illness (SMI). Eight RCT's were included in the meta-analysis, involving use of a range of exercise modalities in people with SMI diagnoses. Overall, exercise had a large statistically significant effect on sleep quality (hedges g = 0.73, 95% CI; (0.18, 1.28), p-value = 0.01; N = 8, n = 1,329, I2 = 91.15%). The beneficial effect of exercise on sleep quality outlined in this study highlights the important role exercise has in improving health outcomes for people living with mental illness. Further research is required to determine the efficacy of exercise on sleep in people experiencing a psychiatric illness and to explore the effects of exercise intervention elements such as modality, frequency, intensity and delivery settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Lederman
- Keeping the Body in Mind Program, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia; School of Medical Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Philip B Ward
- School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Unit, Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Joseph Firth
- NICM Health Research Institute, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rebekah Carney
- Youth Mental Health Research Unit, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Davy Vancampfort
- KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tervuursevest 101, 3001, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuvensesteenweg 517, 3070, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, Box SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Megan Kalucy
- School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Rosenbaum
- School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia
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Ogilvie RP, Bazzano LA, Gustat J, Harville EW, Chen W, Patel SR. Sex and race differences in the association between sleep duration and adiposity: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Sleep Health 2018; 5:84-90. [PMID: 30670172 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short sleep duration has been consistently associated with obesity. However, few studies in adults have assessed whether this association varies by sex and race. METHODS In the 2013-2016 examination of 1116 participants from the biracial Bogalusa Heart Study, habitual sleep duration was measured in categories (<6 hours, 6-7 hours, 7-8 hours, > 8 hours) using self-report. Anthropometry was performed and adiposity was assessed using body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Linear regression models estimated the relationship between sleep duration and adiposity adjusting for age, education, employment, bed partner status, depressive symptoms, smoking status, physical activity, and the use of alcohol and sleeping pills. Effect modification by sex and race was examined using cross-product terms in the models and marginal means were reported. RESULTS Of 1116 participants (mean age 48.2 years), 58.3% were female, and 31.7% were Black. In adjusted analyses, women sleeping <6 hours had a 3.2 (95% CI 1.4, 5.0) kg/m2 greater BMI and 6.1 (1.8, 10.4) cm greater waist circumference compared to women sleeping 7-8 hours. In contrast, men had similar BMIs and waist circumferences regardless of sleep duration (p's for interaction = 0.04 & 0.11). There was no effect modification by race. CONCLUSIONS In this sample, lower habitual sleep duration was associated with greater adiposity among women compared to men. Further research is needed to understand the potential mechanisms of the adverse metabolic effects of short sleep in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel P Ogilvie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.
| | - Lydia A Bazzano
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Jeanette Gustat
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Emily W Harville
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Sanjay R Patel
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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Characterization of abnormal sleep patterns in patients with obesity, type 2 diabetes, or combined. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Kravitz HM, Kazlauskaite R, Joffe H. Sleep, Health, and Metabolism in Midlife Women and Menopause: Food for Thought. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2018; 45:679-694. [PMID: 30401550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Sleep and metabolism are essential components of health. Metabolic health depends largely on individual's lifestyle. Disturbances in sleep health, such as changes in sleep patterns that are associated with menopause/reproductive aging and chronologic aging, may have metabolic health consequences. Sleep restriction and age-related changes in sleep and circadian rhythms may influence changes in appetite and reproductive hormones, energy expenditure, and body adiposity. In this article, the authors describe how menopause-related sleep disturbance may affect eating behavior patterns, immunometabolism, immunometabolic dysfunction, and associations between sleep and metabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard M Kravitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Rush West Campus, 2150 West Harrison Street, Room 278, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1700 West Van Buren Street, Triangle Office Building, Suite 470, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Rasa Kazlauskaite
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 West Harrison Street, Suite 604w Jelke, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hadine Joffe
- Department of Psychiatry and Connors Center for Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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16
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Astrup A, Bügel S. Overfed but undernourished: recognizing nutritional inadequacies/deficiencies in patients with overweight or obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:219-232. [PMID: 29980762 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are highly prevalent throughout the world and can adversely affect the nutritional status of individuals. Studies have shown that many people with obesity have inadequate intake of iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, folate and vitamins A and B12, likely as a result of poor diet quality. Nutritional inadequacies or deficiencies may also occur due to altered pharmacokinetics in the individual with obesity and due to interactions in those with overweight or obesity with various pharmaceuticals. However, it has been demonstrated that the adult population in the United States as a whole is deficient in certain micronutrients as a result of the availability and overconsumption of high-calorie, low-nutrient processed foods. Poor nutrition may contribute to the development of certain chronic conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, which is already more prevalent in those with obesity. Clinicians need to be aware of these gaps, particularly in those individuals with obesity who are undergoing bariatric surgery or taking pharmaceutical products long term to facilitate weight loss. Patients with overweight or obesity likely struggle to achieve a balanced diet and may benefit from consultation with a dietitian. Along with providing recommendations for healthy eating and exercise, supplementation with specific micronutrients or multivitamins should be considered for individuals at the highest risk for or with established deficiencies. Further research is needed to understand the factors underlying nutritional inadequacies in individuals with overweight or obesity, as well as the outcomes of treatment strategies employed to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Susanne Bügel
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Busch V, Altenburg TM, Harmsen IA, Chinapaw MJ. Interventions that stimulate healthy sleep in school-aged children: a systematic literature review. Eur J Public Health 2018; 27:53-65. [PMID: 28177474 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Healthy sleep among children has social, physical and mental health benefits. As most of today’s children do not meet the healthy sleep recommendations, effective interventions are urgently needed. This systematic review summarizes the characteristics and effectiveness of interventions aiming to stimulate healthy sleeping in a general population of school-aged children. Methods The search engines PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycInfo and the Cochrane Database Library were systematically searched up to March 2016. We included all studies evaluating interventions targeting healthy sleep duration and/or bedtime routines of children aged 4–12 years. All steps in this systematic review, i.e. search, study selection, quality assessment and data extraction, were performed following CRD Guidelines and reported according to the PRISMA Statement. Results Eleven studies were included, of which only two were of strong quality. The interventions varied in terms of targeted determinants and intervention setting. Overall, no evidence was found favoring a particular intervention strategy. One intervention that delayed school start time and two multi-behavioral interventions that targeted both the school and home setting showed promising effects in terms of increasing sleep duration. Conclusion Due to few high quality studies, evidence for the effectiveness of any particular intervention strategy to stimulate healthy sleep in children is still inconclusive. However, the more effective interventions in stimulating healthy sleep duration and adherence to regular bedtimes were mostly multi-behavioral interventions that included creating daily healthy routines and combined intervention settings (e.g. home and school). In conclusion, high-quality studies evaluating systematically developed interventions are needed to move this field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Busch
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Promotion, Section Youth, Municipal Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teatske M Altenburg
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene A Harmsen
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Promotion, Section Youth, Municipal Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mai J Chinapaw
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Ogilvie RP, Patel SR. The epidemiology of sleep and obesity. Sleep Health 2017; 3:383-388. [PMID: 28923198 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is a state of consciousness that is preserved across animal species whose exact function is not yet clear but which has a vital impact on health and well-being. Epidemiological evidence suggests sleep duration in both children and adults has been decreasing over the past half-century, while at the same time rates of overweight and obesity have been increasing. Short sleep duration along with other dimensions of poor sleep has been associated with obesity both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. These data suggest a potential causal relationship between poor sleep and greater rates of weight gain that may be related to effects of sleep on dietary intake or physical activity. However, there is also potential for reverse causation as obesity leads to many co-morbidities including sleep apnea that can disrupt sleep. Medium and long term interventional studies are needed to evaluate the potential for healthy sleep interventions to help combat the epidemic of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel P Ogilvie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
| | - Sanjay R Patel
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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19
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Timmermans M, Mackenbach JD, Charreire H, Bárdos H, Compernolle S, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Oppert JM, Rutter H, McKee M, Lakerveld J. Exploring the mediating role of energy balance-related behaviours in the association between sleep duration and obesity in European adults. The SPOTLIGHT project. Prev Med 2017; 100:25-32. [PMID: 28359703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sleep restriction is a risk factor for weight gain and obesity. Few studies have formally investigated the mediating role of energy balance-related behaviours in the sleep - obesity association. The aim of this study was to explore the mediating role of physical activity, sedentary behaviours and dietary habits in the association of sleep duration with obesity in adults in five European urban regions. Data on self-reported sleep duration, energy balance-related behaviours, height and weight and other covariates were collected between February and September 2014 from participants to the SPOTLIGHT survey (N=5900, mean age 52years). Participants were recruited from 60 urban neighbourhoods in Belgium, France, Hungary, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were used to assess the associations of sleep duration, energy balance-related behaviours and obesity and mediating effects were calculated using MacKinnon's product-of-coefficients method. Results indicated that a 1h increase in sleeping time was associated with a 14% lower likelihood of being obese (OR=0.86, 95%CI=0.80; 0.93). Only work-related sedentary behaviour was identified as a statistically significant mediator in the association between sleep duration and obesity for the total sample, and youngest and oldest age group. We did not find evidence for a mediating role of dietary habits and physical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe Timmermans
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joreintje D Mackenbach
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Helene Charreire
- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France; Paris Est University, Lab-Urba, UPEC, Urban School of Paris, Créteil, France
| | - Helga Bárdos
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sofie Compernolle
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Oppert
- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Harry Rutter
- European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Martin McKee
- European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jeroen Lakerveld
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Pagliai G, Dinu M, Casini A, Sofi F. Relationship between sleep pattern and efficacy of calorie-restricted Mediterranean diet in overweight/obese subjects. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 69:93-99. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1330405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Pagliai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Dinu
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Casini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Sofi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
- Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation Italy, Onlus IRCCS, Florence, Italy
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Hibi M, Kubota C, Mizuno T, Aritake S, Mitsui Y, Katashima M, Uchida S. Effect of shortened sleep on energy expenditure, core body temperature, and appetite: a human randomised crossover trial. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39640. [PMID: 28071649 PMCID: PMC5223114 DOI: 10.1038/srep39640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of sleep restriction on energy metabolism and appetite remain controversial. We examined the effects of shortened sleep duration on energy metabolism, core body temperature (CBT), and appetite profiles. Nine healthy men were evaluated in a randomised crossover study under two conditions: a 3.5-h sleep duration and a 7-h sleep duration for three consecutive nights followed by one 7-h recovery sleep night. The subjects' energy expenditure (EE), substrate utilisation, and CBT were continually measured for 48 h using a whole-room calorimeter. The subjects completed an appetite questionnaire every hour while in the calorimeter. Sleep restriction did not affect total EE or substrate utilisation. The 48-h mean CBT decreased significantly during the 3.5-h sleep condition compared with the 7-h sleep condition (7-h sleep, 36.75 ± 0.11 °C; 3.5-h sleep, 36.68 ± 0.14 °C; p = 0.016). After three consecutive nights of sleep restriction, fasting peptide YY levels and fullness were significantly decreased (p = 0.011), whereas hunger and prospective food consumption were significantly increased, compared to those under the 7-h sleep condition. Shortened sleep increased appetite by decreasing gastric hormone levels, but did not affect EE, suggesting that greater caloric intake during a shortened sleep cycle increases the risk of weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Hibi
- Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chie Kubota
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomohito Mizuno
- Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Aritake
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuki Mitsui
- Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Sunao Uchida
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
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22
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Byrne EM, Gehrman PR, Trzaskowski M, Tiemeier H, Pack AI. Genetic Correlation Analysis Suggests Association between Increased Self-Reported Sleep Duration in Adults and Schizophrenia and Type 2 Diabetes. Sleep 2016; 39:1853-1857. [PMID: 27397570 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.6168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES We sought to examine how much of the heritability of self-report sleep duration is tagged by common genetic variation in populations of European ancestry and to test if the common variants contributing to sleep duration are also associated with other diseases and traits. METHODS We utilized linkage disequilibrium (LD)-score regression to estimate the heritability tagged by common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CHARGE consortium genome-wide association study (GWAS) of self-report sleep duration. We also used bivariate LD-score regression to investigate the genetic correlation of sleep duration with other publicly available GWAS datasets. RESULTS We show that 6% (SE = 1%) of the variance in self-report sleep duration in the CHARGE study is tagged by common SNPs in European populations. Furthermore, we find evidence of a positive genetic correlation (rG) between sleep duration and type 2 diabetes (rG = 0.26, P = 0.02), and between sleep duration and schizophrenia (rG = 0.19, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that increased sample sizes will identify more common variants for self-report sleep duration; however, the heritability tagged is small when compared to other traits and diseases. These results also suggest that those who carry variants that increase risk to type 2 diabetes and schizophrenia are more likely to report longer sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enda M Byrne
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Philip R Gehrman
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.,Behavioral Sleep Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry and Penn Sleep Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Maciej Trzaskowski
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Allan I Pack
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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Mitchell JA, Godbole S, Moran K, Murray K, James P, Laden F, Hipp JA, Kerr J, Glanz K. No Evidence of Reciprocal Associations between Daily Sleep and Physical Activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016; 48:1950-6. [PMID: 27285490 PMCID: PMC5026562 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine whether physical activity patterns are associated with sleep later at night and if nighttime sleep is associated with physical activity patterns the next day among adult women. METHODS Women (N = 353) living throughout the United States wore a wrist and a hip accelerometer for 7 d. Total sleep time (TST, hours per night) and sleep efficiency (SE, %) were estimated from the wrist accelerometer, and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA, >1040 counts per minute, h·d) and sedentary behavior (SB, <100 counts per minute, h·d) were estimated from the hip accelerometer. Mixed-effects models adjusted for age, race, body mass index, education, employment, marital status, health status, and hip accelerometer wear time were used to analyze the data. Follow-up analyses using quantile regression were used to investigate associations among women with below average TST and MVPA and above average SB. RESULTS The average age of our sample was 55.5 yr (SD = 10.2 yr). The majority of participants were White (79%) and married (72%), and half were employed full time (49%). The participants spent on average 8.9 and 1.1 h·d in SB and MVPA, respectively, and 6.8 h per night asleep. No associations were observed between MVPA and SB with nighttime TST or SE. There were no associations between nighttime TST and SE with MVPA or SB the next day. The findings were the same in the quantile regression analyses. CONCLUSION In free-living adult women, accelerometry-estimated nighttime sleep and physical activity patterns were not associated with one another. On the basis of our observational study involving a sample of adult women, higher physical activity will not necessarily improve sleep at night on a day-to-day basis (and vice versa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Mitchell
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; 2Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; 3Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA; 4Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; 5School of Psychology and Counseling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA; 6Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; 7Department of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; 8Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management and Center for Geospatial Analytics, NC State University, Raleigh, NC; 9Perelman School of Medicine and School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Chaput JP, Dutil C. Lack of sleep as a contributor to obesity in adolescents: impacts on eating and activity behaviors. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2016; 13:103. [PMID: 27669980 PMCID: PMC5037605 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-016-0428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep is an important contributor to physical and mental health; however, chronic sleep deprivation has become common in adolescents, especially on weekdays. Adolescents aged 14–17 years are recommended to sleep between 8 and 10 h per night to maximize overall health and well-being. Although sleep needs may vary between individuals, sleep duration recommendations are important for surveillance and help inform policies, interventions, and the population of healthy sleep behaviors. Long sleepers are very rare among teenagers and sleeping too much is not a problem per se; only insufficient sleep is associated with adverse health outcomes in the pediatric population. Causes of insufficient sleep are numerous and chronic sleep deprivation poses a serious threat to the academic success, health and safety of adolescents. This article focuses on the link between insufficient sleep and obesity in adolescents. Discussion This “call to action” article argues that sleep should be taken more seriously by the public health community and by our society in general, i.e., given as much attention and resources as nutrition and physical activity. Not only that having a good night’s sleep is as important as eating a healthy diet and being regularly physically active for overall health, but sleeping habits also impact eating and screen time behaviors and, therefore, can influence body weight control. Summary Short sleep duration, poor sleep quality, and late bedtimes are all associated with excess food intake, poor diet quality, and obesity in adolescents. Sleep, sedentary behavior, physical activity and diet all interact and influence each other to ultimately impact health. A holistic approach to health (i.e., the whole day matters) targeting all of these behaviors synergistically is needed to optimize the impact of our interventions. Sleep is not a waste of time and sleep hygiene is an important factor to consider in the prevention and treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1H 8L1.
| | - Caroline Dutil
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1H 8L1
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Rial SA, Karelis AD, Bergeron KF, Mounier C. Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Health: The Potential Beneficial Effects of a Medium Chain Triglyceride Diet in Obese Individuals. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8050281. [PMID: 27187452 PMCID: PMC4882694 DOI: 10.3390/nu8050281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and associated metabolic complications, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), are in constant increase around the world. While most obese patients show several metabolic and biometric abnormalities and comorbidities, a subgroup of patients representing 3% to 57% of obese adults, depending on the diagnosis criteria, remains metabolically healthy. Among many other factors, the gut microbiota is now identified as a determining factor in the pathogenesis of metabolically unhealthy obese (MUHO) individuals and in obesity-related diseases such as endotoxemia, intestinal and systemic inflammation, as well as insulin resistance. Interestingly, recent studies suggest that an optimal healthy-like gut microbiota structure may contribute to the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype. Here, we describe how dietary medium chain triglycerides (MCT), previously found to promote lipid catabolism, energy expenditure and weight loss, can ameliorate metabolic health via their capacity to improve both intestinal ecosystem and permeability. MCT-enriched diets could therefore be used to manage metabolic diseases through modification of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabri Ahmed Rial
- BioMed Research Center, Biological Sciences Department, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada.
| | - Antony D Karelis
- Department of Exercise Science, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada.
| | - Karl-F Bergeron
- BioMed Research Center, Biological Sciences Department, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada.
| | - Catherine Mounier
- BioMed Research Center, Biological Sciences Department, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada.
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26
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Chaput JP. Is sleep deprivation a contributor to obesity in children? Eat Weight Disord 2016; 21:5-11. [PMID: 26576804 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-015-0233-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lack of sleep (called "sleep deprivation") is common in modern societies with 24/7 availability of commodities. Accumulating evidence supports the role of reduced sleep as contributing to the current obesity epidemic in children and youth. Longitudinal studies have consistently shown that short sleep duration is associated with weight gain and the development of obesity. Recent experimental studies have reported that sleep restriction leads to weight gain in humans. Increased food intake appears to be the main mechanism by which insufficient sleep results in weight gain. Voluntary sleep restriction has been shown to increase snacking, the number of meals eaten per day, and the preference for energy-dense foods. Although the causes of sleep loss in the pediatric population are numerous, more research looking at screen exposure before bedtime and its effects on sleep is needed given the pervasiveness of electronic media devices in today's environment. Health professionals should routinely ask questions about sleep and promote a good night's sleep because insufficient sleep impacts activity and eating behaviors. Future research should examine the clinical benefits of increasing sleep duration on eating behaviors and body weight control and determine the importance of adequate sleep to improve the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada.
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27
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van den Berg R, Mook-Kanamori DO, Donga E, van Dijk M, van Dijk JG, Lammers GJ, van Kralingen KW, Prehn C, Adamski J, Romijn JA, van Dijk KW, Corssmit EPM, Rensen PCN, Biermasz NR. A single night of sleep curtailment increases plasma acylcarnitines: Novel insights in the relationship between sleep and insulin resistance. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 589:145-51. [PMID: 26393786 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa van den Berg
- Dept. of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Dept. of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Dept. of Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Epidemiology Section, Dept. of BESC, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esther Donga
- Dept. of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke van Dijk
- Dept. of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Gert van Dijk
- Dept. of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Lammers
- Dept. of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cornelia Prehn
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany; Lehrstul für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Johannes A Romijn
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Dept. of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Dept. Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora P M Corssmit
- Dept. of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Dept. of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke R Biermasz
- Dept. of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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28
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Cespedes EM, Bhupathiraju SN, Li Y, Rosner B, Redline S, Hu FB. Long-term changes in sleep duration, energy balance and risk of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2016; 59:101-109. [PMID: 26522276 PMCID: PMC4670791 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3775-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Baseline sleep duration has a U-shaped relationship with type 2 diabetes, but little research examines the associated changes. We examined long-term changes in sleep duration and concomitant changes in diet, physical activity, weight and subsequent diabetes. METHODS The cohort includes 59,031 women aged 55-83 years in the Nurses' Health Study without diabetes in 2000. Change in sleep duration is the difference between self-reported 24 h sleep duration in 1986 and 2000. Diet, physical activity and covariates were updated every 2-4 years. Self-reported diabetes was confirmed via validated questionnaires. Cox regression models were adjusted for 1986 sleep duration and 1986 values of diabetes risk factors, including BMI, and subsequently for change in covariates from 1986 to 2000. RESULTS We documented 3,513 incident diabetes cases through to 2012. Compared with no change, decreases in sleep duration were adversely associated with changes in diet quality and physical activity, while increases were associated with greater weight gain. After adjustment for 1986 covariates, HRs (95% CI) for ≤ -2, > -2 to < 0, > 0 to < 2 and ≥ 2 h/day changes in sleep duration (vs no change) were 1.09 (0.93, 1.28), 1.10 (1.001, 1.12), 1.09 (1.00, 1.18) and 1.30 (1.14, 1.46), respectively. Additional adjustment for diet and physical activity did not appreciably alter the results. Increases in sleep duration ≥ 2 h/day remained adversely associated with diabetes (HR [95% CI]: 1.15 [1.01, 1.30]) after adjustment for change in covariates, including BMI. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Increases in sleep duration among middle-aged and older women were modestly associated with risk of diabetes; changes in diet, physical activity and BMI did not explain associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Cespedes
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, 5th Floor, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA.
| | | | - Yanping Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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29
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Watson NF, Horn E, Duncan GE, Buchwald D, Vitiello MV, Turkheimer E. Sleep Duration and Area-Level Deprivation in Twins. Sleep 2016; 39:67-77. [PMID: 26285009 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.5320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES We used quantitative genetic models to assess whether area-level deprivation as indicated by the Singh Index predicts shorter sleep duration and modifies its underlying genetic and environmental contributions. METHODS Participants were 4,218 adult twin pairs (2,377 monozygotic and 1,841 dizygotic) from the University of Washington Twin Registry. Participants self-reported habitual sleep duration. The Singh Index was determined by linking geocoding addresses to 17 indicators at the census-tract level using data from Census of Washington State and Census Tract Cartographic Boundary Files from 2000 and 2010. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate genetic decomposition and quantitative genetic interaction models that assessed A (additive genetics), C (common environment), and E (unique environment) main effects of the Singh Index on sleep duration and allowed the magnitude of residual ACE variance components in sleep duration to vary with the Index. RESULTS The sample had a mean age of 38.2 y (standard deviation [SD] = 18), and was predominantly female (62%) and Caucasian (91%). Mean sleep duration was 7.38 h (SD = 1.20) and the mean Singh Index score was 0.00 (SD = 0.89). The heritability of sleep duration was 39% and the Singh Index was 12%. The uncontrolled phenotypic regression of sleep duration on the Singh Index showed a significant negative relationship between area-level deprivation and sleep length (b = -0.080, P < 0.001). Every 1 SD in Singh Index was associated with a ∼4.5 min change in sleep duration. For the quasi-causal bivariate model, there was a significant main effect of E (b(0E) = -0.063; standard error [SE] = 0.30; P < 0.05). Residual variance components unique to sleep duration were significant for both A (b(0Au) = 0.734; SE = 0.020; P < 0.001) and E (b(0Eu) = 0.934; SE = 0.013; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Area-level deprivation has a quasi-causal association with sleep duration, with greater deprivation being related to shorter sleep. As area-level deprivation increases, unique genetic and nonshared environmental residual variance in sleep duration increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel F Watson
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington (UW), Seattle, WA.,University of Washington Sleep Center, UW, Seattle, WA.,University of Washington Twin Registry, UW, Seattle, WA
| | - Erin Horn
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Glen E Duncan
- University of Washington Twin Registry, UW, Seattle, WA.,Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, UW, Seattle, WA
| | - Dedra Buchwald
- University of Washington Twin Registry, UW, Seattle, WA.,Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, UW, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Eric Turkheimer
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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30
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Chaput JP, Katzmarzyk PT, LeBlanc AG, Tremblay MS, Barreira TV, Broyles ST, Fogelholm M, Hu G, Kuriyan R, Kurpad A, Lambert EV, Rae DE, Maher C, Maia J, Matsudo V, Onywera V, Sarmiento OL, Standage M, Tudor-Locke C, Zhao P, Olds T. Associations between sleep patterns and lifestyle behaviors in children: an international comparison. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY SUPPLEMENTS 2015; 5:S59-65. [PMID: 27152187 DOI: 10.1038/ijosup.2015.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although evidence is accumulating on the importance of a good night's sleep for healthy eating and activity behaviors, existing research has mainly been conducted in high-income, developed countries with limited sociocultural variability. This study is the first to examine the associations between sleep patterns and lifestyle behaviors in children from 12 countries in five major geographic regions of the world. METHODS This observational, multinational cross-sectional study included 5777 children aged 9-11 years from sites in Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Finland, India, Kenya, Portugal, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States. Nocturnal sleep duration (hours per night), sleep efficiency (%) and bedtime (h:min) were monitored over 7 consecutive days using an accelerometer. Lifestyle behaviors included moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), total sedentary time (SED), self-reported screen time (ST) and healthy/unhealthy diet patterns (HDP/UDP). Multilevel modeling analyses were used to account for the hierarchical nature of the data. RESULTS Overall, participants averaged 8.8 (s.d. 0.9) hours of sleep with 96.2% (s.d. 1.4) sleep efficiency and a mean bedtime of 2218 hours. After adjustment for age, sex, highest parental education and BMI z-score, results showed that (i) sleep duration was negatively associated with MVPA, SED and UDP score; (ii) sleep efficiency was negatively associated with MVPA and UDP score, and positively associated with SED; and (iii) later bedtime was positively associated with SED, ST and UDP score, and negatively associated with MVPA and HDP score. Results using categories of sleep patterns were consistent with the linear associations. Results also revealed that associations between sleep patterns and MVPA, SED and ST were significantly different between study sites, with stronger associations in high-income countries compared with low/middle-income countries. CONCLUSIONS Sleep characteristics are important correlates of lifestyle behaviors in children. Differences between countries suggest that interventions aimed at improving sleep and lifestyle behaviors should be culturally adapted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-P Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - P T Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - A G LeBlanc
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - T V Barreira
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Department of Exercise Science, University of Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - S T Broyles
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - M Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Hu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - R Kuriyan
- St. Johns Research Institute , Bangalore, India
| | - A Kurpad
- St. Johns Research Institute , Bangalore, India
| | - E V Lambert
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - D E Rae
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C Maher
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - J Maia
- CIFI2D, Faculdade de Desporto, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - V Matsudo
- Centro de Estudos do Laboratório de Aptidão Física de São Caetano do Sul (CELAFISCS) , Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - V Onywera
- Department of Recreation Management and Exercise Science, Kenyatta University , Nairobi, Kenya
| | - O L Sarmiento
- School of Medicine Universidad de los Andes , Bogota, Colombia
| | - M Standage
- Department for Health, University of Bath , Bath, UK
| | - C Tudor-Locke
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - P Zhao
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center , Tianjin, China
| | - T Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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31
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Capers PL, Fobian AD, Kaiser KA, Borah R, Allison DB. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of the impact of sleep duration on adiposity and components of energy balance. Obes Rev 2015; 16:771-82. [PMID: 26098388 PMCID: PMC4532553 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent epidemiological and ecological trends in humans indicate a possible causal relationship between sleep duration and energy balance. We aimed to find experimental evidence that has tested this relationship between sleep duration and measures of body composition, food intake or biomarkers related to food intake. We conducted a systematic literature review using six databases throughout 7 August 2014. We sought reports of randomized controlled trials where sleep duration was manipulated and measured outcomes were body weight or other body composition metrics, food intake, and/or biomarkers related to eating. We found 18 unique studies meeting all criteria: eight studies with an outcome of body weight (4 - increased sleep, 4 - reduced sleep); four studies on food intake; four studies of sleep restriction on total energy expenditure and three of respiratory quotient; and four studies on leptin and/or ghrelin. Few controlled experimental studies have addressed the question of the effect of sleep on body weight/composition and eating. The available experimental literature suggests that sleep restriction increases food intake and total energy expenditure with inconsistent effects on integrated energy balance as operationalized by weight change. Future controlled trials that examine the impact of increased sleep on body weight/energy balance factors are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Capers
- Office of Energetics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - A D Fobian
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - K A Kaiser
- Office of Energetics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - R Borah
- Office of Energetics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Graduate Program, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - D B Allison
- Office of Energetics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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32
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Abstract
Background: The increased risk of obesity among short sleepers is most likely explained by increased energy intake. However, food intake could not only be altered quantitavely but also qualitatively. Therefore, we performed a correlational analysis on self-reported food intake and sleep in 51 students from Maastricht and surroundings. Results: Students that slept longer had a lower caloric intake: ρ = −0.378, p = 0.006, the amount of calories consumed per minute awake remaining relatively stable. However, sleep duration did not correlate with intake of percentage fat, saturated fat, carbohydrates or protein. Average energy intake during the reported breakfasts, lunches, dinners or snacks separately did also not correlate with total sleep time. Conclusion: It seems that shorter sleep correlates with absolute caloric intake, but not with the intake of specific dietary components.
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33
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Venancio DP, Suchecki D. Prolonged REM sleep restriction induces metabolic syndrome-related changes: Mediation by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 47:109-17. [PMID: 25532784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic sleep restriction in human beings results in metabolic abnormalities, including changes in the control of glucose homeostasis, increased body mass and risk of cardiovascular disease. In rats, 96h of REM sleep deprivation increases caloric intake, but retards body weight gain. Moreover, this procedure increases the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which may be involved with the molecular mechanism proposed to mediate insulin resistance. The goal of the present study was to assess the effects of a chronic protocol of sleep restriction on parameters of energy balance (food intake and body weight), leptin plasma levels and its hypothalamic receptors and mediators of the immune system in the retroperitoneal adipose tissue (RPAT). Thirty-four Wistar rats were distributed in control (CTL) and sleep restriction groups; the latter was kept onto individual narrow platforms immersed in water for 18h/day (from 16:00h to 10:00h), for 21days (SR21). Food intake was assessed daily, after each sleep restriction period and body weight was measured daily, after the animals were taken from the sleep deprivation chambers. At the end of the 21day of sleep restriction, rats were decapitated and RPAT was obtained for morphological and immune functional assays and expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) was assessed in skeletal muscle. Another subset of animals was used to evaluate blood glucose clearance. The results replicated previous findings on energy balance, e.g., increased food intake and reduced body weight gain. There was a significant reduction of RPAT mass (p<0.001), of leptin plasma levels and hypothalamic leptin receptors. Conversely, increased levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and expression of phosphorylated NFκ-β in the RPAT of SR21 compared to CTL rats (p<0.01, for all parameters). SR21 rats also displayed reduced glucose clearance and IRS-1 expression than CTL rats (p<0.01). The present results indicated that 21days of sleep restriction by the platform method induced metabolic syndrome-related alterations that may be mediated by inflammation of the RPAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Paulino Venancio
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deborah Suchecki
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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34
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Grandner MA, Jackson NJ, Izci-Balserak B, Gallagher RA, Murray-Bachmann R, Williams NJ, Patel NP, Jean-Louis G. Social and Behavioral Determinants of Perceived Insufficient Sleep. Front Neurol 2015; 6:112. [PMID: 26097464 PMCID: PMC4456880 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Insufficient sleep is associated with cardiometabolic disease and poor health. However, few studies have assessed its determinants in a nationally representative sample. Data from the 2009 behavioral risk factor surveillance system were used (N = 323,047 adults). Insufficient sleep was assessed as insufficient rest/sleep over 30 days. This was evaluated relative to sociodemographics (age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, region), socioeconomics (education, income, employment, insurance), health behaviors (diet, exercise, smoking, alcohol), and health/functioning (emotional support, BMI, mental/physical health). Overall, insufficient sleep was associated with being female, White or Black/African-American, unemployed, without health insurance, and not married; decreased age, income, education, physical activity; worse diet and overall health; and increased household size, alcohol, and smoking. These factors should be considered as risk factors for insufficient sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Grandner
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA ; Behavioral Sleep Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Nicholas J Jackson
- Quantitative Psychology Program, Department of Psychology, University of Southern California , Columbia, SC , USA
| | - Bilgay Izci-Balserak
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA ; Division of Sleep Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA ; School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Rebecca A Gallagher
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA ; Division of Sleep Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Renee Murray-Bachmann
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center , Brooklyn, NY , USA
| | - Natasha J Williams
- Division of Internal Medicine, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, New York University Medical Center , New York, NY , USA
| | - Nirav P Patel
- Department of Medicine, Reading Hospital and Medical Center , Reading, PA , USA
| | - Girardin Jean-Louis
- Division of Internal Medicine, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, New York University Medical Center , New York, NY , USA
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35
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Horne JA. Human REM sleep: influence on feeding behaviour, with clinical implications. Sleep Med 2015; 16:910-6. [PMID: 26122167 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep shares many underlying mechanisms with wakefulness, to a much greater extent than does non-REM, especially those relating to feeding behaviours, appetite, curiosity, exploratory (locomotor) activities, as well as aspects of emotions, particularly 'fear extinction'. REM is most evident in infancy, thereafter declining in what seems to be a dispensable manner that largely reciprocates increasing wakefulness. However, human adults retain more REM than do other mammals, where for us it is most abundant during our usual final REM period (fREMP) of the night, nearing wakefulness. The case is made that our REM is unusual, and that (i) fREMP retains this 'dispensability', acting as a proxy for wakefulness, able to be forfeited (without REM rebound) and substituted by physical activity (locomotion) when pressures of wakefulness increase; (ii) REM's atonia (inhibited motor output) may be a proxy for this locomotion; (iii) our nocturnal sleep typically develops into a physiological fast, especially during fREMP, which is also an appetite suppressant; (iv) REM may have 'anti-obesity' properties, and that the loss of fREMP may well enhance appetite and contribute to weight gain ('overeating') in habitually short sleepers; (v) as we also select foods for their hedonic (emotional) values, REM may be integral to developing food preferences and dislikes; and (vii) REM seems to have wider influences in regulating energy balance in terms of exercise 'substitution' and energy (body heat) retention. Avenues for further research are proposed, linking REM with feeding behaviours, including eating disorders, and effects of REM-suppressant medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Horne
- Sleep Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
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Taylor RW, Williams SM, Farmer VL, Taylor BJ. The stability of sleep patterns in children 3 to 7 years of age. J Pediatr 2015; 166:697-702.e1. [PMID: 25524316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the reliability and stability of sleep (duration and quality) over time in young children using repeated accelerometer estimates of sleep. STUDY DESIGN One hundred ninety-four children wore Actical accelerometers for 5-day periods (24-hour monitoring) at 3, 4, 5, 5.5, 6.5, and 7 years of age. Sleep variables of interest (duration, onset, offset, latency, efficiency, and wake after sleep onset) were estimated using the Sadeh algorithm within a commercial data reduction program (ActiLife). Children were divided into various groups according to sleep stability, and demographic and behavioral differences were compared across groups by ANOVA. RESULTS All measures of sleep quantity and quality required 4-7 days of accelerometry to obtain acceptable reliability estimates, except morning wake time (2-4 days), and sleep latency (11-21 days). Average year-to-year correlations were only moderate for most measures (r = 0.41-0.51), but considerably higher than those observed for sleep latency, efficiency, and wake after onset (r = 0.15-0.24). Only 29 children were classified as sleep-stable over the 4 years. These children were less likely to be from ethnic minority groups (P = .017) and had higher levels of day-time physical activity (P = .032). CONCLUSIONS Sleep patterns in children are not particularly stable, showing considerable variation both within a week and across the years. Few children exhibit stable sleep patterns over time, yet characterization of these children might provide further information regarding how sleep benefits health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael W Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Sheila M Williams
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Barry J Taylor
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Grandner MA. Sleep Deprivation: Societal Impact and Long-Term Consequences. Sleep Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2089-1_56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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The energy allocation function of sleep: A unifying theory of sleep, torpor, and continuous wakefulness. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 47:122-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Golem DL, Martin-Biggers JT, Koenings MM, Davis KF, Byrd-Bredbenner C. An integrative review of sleep for nutrition professionals. Adv Nutr 2014; 5:742-59. [PMID: 25398735 PMCID: PMC4224209 DOI: 10.3945/an.114.006809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is an essential lifestyle factor that contributes to overall health. The inverse relation between sleep duration and weight status has revealed the importance of sleep in nutritional health. This integrative review builds foundational knowledge with regard to sleep vis-à-vis nutrition by summarizing the importance and process of sleep, current sleep recommendations and trends, as well as lifestyle contributors to poor sleep. Additionally, it details the association between sleep and obesity and potential mechanisms for this association. Furthermore, guidance is offered regarding the incorporation of sleep considerations in nutrition counseling, communication, and research. Like many other lifestyle factors that contribute to nutritional health, sleep needs to be considered when examining weight management and health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon L Golem
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM;
| | | | - Mallory M Koenings
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ; and
| | - Katherine Finn Davis
- Department of Nursing, Center for Nursing Research and Evidence Based Practice, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
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40
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Chaput JP. Sleep patterns, diet quality and energy balance. Physiol Behav 2014; 134:86-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Do more active children sleep more? A repeated cross-sectional analysis using accelerometry. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93117. [PMID: 24695112 PMCID: PMC3973701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To determine whether levels of daytime physical activity are associated with sleep duration and night waking in children assessed using accelerometry, and if these associations change over time. Methods 24-hour accelerometry data were obtained from 234 children at 3, 5 and 7 years of age for at least 5 days at each time. Sleep duration was estimated using the Sadeh algorithm. Time spent in sedentary, light and moderate-vigorous (MVPA) activity was established using published cut-points. Appropriate statistical techniques were utilised to account for the closed nature of the data (24-hour periods). Results Time spent asleep was related more to sedentary or light activity and not to MVPA. The most active (95th percentile) children spent 55–84 fewer minutes asleep and 16–19 more minutes awake at night compared to the least active (5th percentile) children. Children with later bedtimes slept less at night (30–40 minutes) and undertook more sedentary (10–15 minutes) but also more light (18–23 minutes) activity during the day. However, no differences in MVPA were apparent according to bedtime. Children slept slightly less on weekend nights (11 minutes) compared with week-nights, but only at 3 years of age. Most relationships were broadly similar at 3, 5 and 7 years of age. Conclusion Children who are more physically active during the day have shorter total sleep time and are more awake at night than less active children. The protective effect of sleep on obesity does not appear to be mediated by increased physical activity.
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Coughlin JW, Smith MT. Sleep, obesity, and weight loss in adults: is there a rationale for providing sleep interventions in the treatment of obesity? Int Rev Psychiatry 2014; 26:177-88. [PMID: 24892893 DOI: 10.3109/09540261.2014.911150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Rates of obesity and sleep disturbances are substantial in adults. A number of cross-sectional, longitudinal, and experimental studies have found that insufficient sleep and possibly longer sleep are associated with obesity and related eating patterns. Methodological discrepancies and limitations in the literature create ambiguity about the nature and potential mechanisms underlying these relationships. Insomnia and circadian patterns in eating and sleeping have also been examined in relation to weight. Although these studies are not as extensive as those examining sleep duration, the extant literature suggests possible associations between obesity and both insomnia (particularly when combined with short sleep duration) and circadian eating behaviours. However, research has only just begun to examine the benefits of combining sleep interventions with obesity treatment. The goal of the current review is to summarize research examining behavioural sleep patterns and disorders in relation to obesity, to discuss methodological considerations, and to provide an overview of studies examining whether addressing sleep disturbances can augment weight loss treatment effects. We conclude that future studies are needed that take into account sleep duration, sleep disorder co-morbidity, and chronobiology to explore the impact of sleep interventions on weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle W Coughlin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland , USA
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Abstract
Animal studies of delayed eating have provided useful information regarding the potential relationship between nighttime eating and increased weight and metabolic dysregulation, which occur in the absence of increased locomotion or increased caloric intake. We first review recent studies detailing these relationships and possible mechanisms in rodents. We then examine human data showing that sleep restriction leads to increased energy intake and weight gain, followed by a review of the human phenotype of delayed eating, night eating syndrome, and its relation to weight and metabolism. Finally, we examine human experimental studies of delayed eating and discuss preliminary data that show slight weight gain, dysfunction in energy expenditure, and abnormalities in the circadian rhythms of appetitive, stress, and sleep hormones. Well-controlled, longer-term experimental studies in humans are warranted to test the effect of delayed eating without sleep restriction to clarify whether limiting or eliminating nighttime eating could lead to weight loss and significantly improve related disorders, such as diabetes and heart disease, over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C Allison
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market St., Suite 3027, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Namni Goel
- Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 1017 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Rexford S Ahima
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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The potential value of sleep hygiene for a healthy pregnancy: a brief review. ISRN FAMILY MEDICINE 2014; 2014:928293. [PMID: 24967333 PMCID: PMC4041265 DOI: 10.1155/2014/928293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The quality of the intrauterine environment influences maternal-fetal health and also offspring predisposition to obesity and cardiometabolic disease later in life. Several determinants, including but not limited to pregravid obesity and excessive gestational weight gain, alter the developmental milieu, fetal growth, and child obesity risk. However, the role of sleep and its relationship to healthy pregnancy is not fully established. Given the host of psychosocial and physiological complications associated with childhood obesity, targeting the gestational period is purported to be an opportune time for preventive intervention. Many longitudinal studies suggest that short sleep duration is a risk factor for the development of impaired glycemia and obesity. However, there is a dearth of information concerning the role of sleep hygiene and its role in a healthy pregnancy. Reports note disrupted and poorer quality of sleep during gestation and highlight an association between reduced sleep and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Given the lack of well-designed human trials assessing the value of sleep and healthy pregnancy outcomes, this review summarizes current evidence which suggests that incorporating sleep recommendations and utilizing time management strategies that encourage a healthful night 's sleep may improve the health of the mom and the baby.
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Abstract
Despite its pervasiveness in primary care, deficient sleep often is underappreciated as a cue to other health risks. Accordingly, this review discusses contemporary evidence-based perspectives on impaired sleep and its associations with other lifestyle medicine concerns, including obesity, cardiovascular conditions, psychological problems, and health-compromising habits. The potential clinical benefits of promoting sleep health also will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Terre
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
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46
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Watson NF, Harden KP, Buchwald D, Vitiello MV, Pack AI, Strachan E, Goldberg J. Sleep duration and depressive symptoms: a gene-environment interaction. Sleep 2014; 37:351-8. [PMID: 24497663 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.3412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We used quantitative genetic models to assess whether sleep duration modifies genetic and environmental influences on depressive symptoms. METHOD Participants were 1,788 adult twins from 894 same-sex twin pairs (192 male and 412 female monozygotic [MZ] pairs, and 81 male and 209 female dizygotic [DZ] pairs] from the University of Washington Twin Registry. Participants self-reported habitual sleep duration and depressive symptoms. Data were analyzed using quantitative genetic interaction models, which allowed the magnitude of additive genetic, shared environmental, and non-shared environmental influences on depressive symptoms to vary with sleep duration. RESULTS Within MZ twin pairs, the twin who reported longer sleep duration reported fewer depressive symptoms (ec = -0.17, SE = 0.06, P < 0.05). There was a significant gene × sleep duration interaction effect on depressive symptoms (a'c = 0.23, SE = 0.08, P < 0.05), with the interaction occurring on genetic influences that are common to both sleep duration and depressive symptoms. Among individuals with sleep duration within the normal range (7-8.9 h/night), the total heritability (h2) of depressive symptoms was approximately 27%. However, among individuals with sleep duration within the low (< 7 h/night) or high (≥ 9 h/night) range, increased genetic influence on depressive symptoms was observed, particularly at sleep duration extremes (5 h/night: h2 = 53%; 10 h/night: h2 = 49%). CONCLUSION Genetic contributions to depressive symptoms increase at both short and long sleep durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel F Watson
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA ; UW Medicine Sleep Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA ; Center for Research on the Management of Sleep Disturbances, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Dedra Buchwald
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Michael V Vitiello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA ; Center for Research on the Management of Sleep Disturbances, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Allan I Pack
- Division of Sleep Medicine/Department of Medicine and Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Eric Strachan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jack Goldberg
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA ; Vietnam Era Twin Registry, VA Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Seattle, WA
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Hao YL, Zhang B, Jia FJ, Li XL, Tang Y, Ren YZ, Liu WH. A three-phase epidemiological study of short and long sleepers in a middle-aged Chinese population: prevalence and characteristics. Braz J Med Biol Res 2014; 47:157-65. [PMID: 24519132 PMCID: PMC4051176 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20133430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies of short and long sleepers have not been conducted
previously. We collected socioeconomic, psychological, and polysomnographic
characteristics of 6501 parents (3252 men and 3249 women) of 4036 primary school
children in Guangzhou city. The study data were collected in three phases. The
overall prevalence of short (5 h or less) and long (10 h or more) sleep duration
was 0.52 and 0.64%, respectively. Long sleepers had higher Eysenck Personality
Questionnaire neuroticism scores [odds ratio (OR)=1.224, 95% confidence interval
(CI)=1.047-1.409] and lower education levels (OR=0.740, 95%CI=0.631-0.849) than
short sleepers. In the polysomnographic assessment, short, long, and normal
sleepers (7-8 h) shared similar durations of Stage 3 sleep (short=25.7±10.7,
long=20.3±7.9, and normal=28.0±12.8 min, F=1.402, P=0.181). In daytime multiple
sleep latency tests, short sleepers (10/19, 52.6%) were more prone to have a
short sleep latency (≤8 min) than long sleepers (2/23, 8.7%). In addition to
different sleep durations, neuroticism might also contribute to differences
between short and long sleepers in social achievements. Stage 3 sleep might be
essential for humans. The short sleep latency (≤8 min) of short sleepers in
multiple sleep latency tests should be interpreted cautiously, since it was of
the same severity as required for a diagnosis of narcolepsy or idiopathic
hypersomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Hao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China, Department of Human Anatomy, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - B Zhang
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Mental Health Centre, Guangzhou, China, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Mental Health Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - F J Jia
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Mental Health Centre, Guangzhou, China, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Mental Health Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - X L Li
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Mental Health Centre, Guangzhou, China, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Mental Health Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Tang
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Mental Health Centre, Guangzhou, China, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Mental Health Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Z Ren
- Zhongshan The Third People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China, Zhongshan The Third People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - W H Liu
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Mental Health Centre, Guangzhou, China, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Mental Health Centre, Guangzhou, China
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48
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Chaput JP, St-Onge MP. Increased food intake by insufficient sleep in humans: are we jumping the gun on the hormonal explanation? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:116. [PMID: 25076940 PMCID: PMC4098122 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence:
| | - Marie-Pierre St-Onge
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Grandner MA, Chakravorty S, Perlis ML, Oliver L, Gurubhagavatula I. Habitual sleep duration associated with self-reported and objectively determined cardiometabolic risk factors. Sleep Med 2014; 15:42-50. [PMID: 24333222 PMCID: PMC3947242 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-reported short or long sleep duration has been associated with adverse cardiometabolic health outcomes in laboratory and epidemiologic studies, but interpretation of such data has been limited by methodologic issues. METHODS Adult respondents of the 2007-2008 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were examined in a cross-sectional analysis (N=5649). Self-reported sleep duration was categorized as very short (<5 h), short (5-6 h), normal (7-8 h), or long (≥9 h). Obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were objectively assessed by self-reported history. Statistical analyses included univariate comparisons across sleep duration categories for all variables. Binary logistic regression analyses and cardiometabolic factor as outcome, with sleep duration category as predictor, were assessed with and without covariates. Observed relationships were further assessed for dependence on race/ethnicity. RESULTS In adjusted analyses, very short sleep was associated with self-reported hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 2.02, [95% confidence interval {CI},1.45-2.81]; P<0.0001), self-reported hyperlipidemia (OR, 1.96 [95% CI, 1.43-2.69]; P<0.0001), objective hyperlipidemia (OR, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.04-1.91]; P=0.03), self-reported DM (OR, 1.76 [95% CI, 1.13-2.74]; P=0.01), and objective obesity (OR, 1.53 [95% CI, 1.03-1.43]; P=0.005). Regarding short sleep (5-6 h), in adjusted analyses, elevated risk was seen for self-reported hypertension (OR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.02-1.45]; P=0.03) self-reported obesity (OR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.03-1.43]; P=0.02), and objective obesity (OR, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.00-1.38]; P<0.05). Regarding long sleep (≥9 h), no elevated risk was found for any outcomes. Interactions with race/ethnicity were significant for all outcomes; race/ethnicity differences in patterns of risk varied by outcome studied. In particular, the relationship between very short sleep and obesity was strongest among blacks and the relationship between short sleep and hypertension is strongest among non-Hispanic whites, blacks, and non-Mexican Hispanics/Latinos. CONCLUSIONS Short sleep duration is associated with self-reported and objectively determined adverse cardiometabolic outcomes, even after adjustment for many covariates. Also, these patterns of risk depend on race/ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Grandner
- Behavioral Sleep Medicine Program of the Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Subhajit Chakravorty
- Behavioral Sleep Medicine Program of the Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael L Perlis
- Behavioral Sleep Medicine Program of the Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Linden Oliver
- Behavioral Sleep Medicine Program of the Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Indira Gurubhagavatula
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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50
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Sleep time and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents: The HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) study. Sleep Med 2014; 15:104-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2013.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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