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Liu M, Sun Y. Understanding Blame in the Context of Childhood Obesity. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 39:1684-1704. [PMID: 37489249 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2229987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper explicates blame as a psychological construct in communication processes, with a focus on its underlying structure and its mediating role between message characteristics and the public's issue engagement. Data were collected from Amazon Mechanical Turk (N = 373) via a Web-based experiment, where we manipulated a news story about a child suffering an obesity-related health risk (asthma attack vs. heart attack) with different levels of preventability (high vs. low) and severity (high vs. low). Findings showed that blame should best be conceptualized and operationalized as a latent construct comprising both cognitive and affective components. Blame mediated message effects on social responses related to obesity prevention, including punitive attitudes, policy support, and intentions toward interpersonal communication and civic participatory behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- School of Journalism and Communication, Beijing Normal University
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Media and Communication, City University of Hong Kong
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2
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Desmet M, Fillon A, Thivel D, Tanghe A, Braet C. Attrition rate and predictors of a monitoring mHealth application in adolescents with obesity. Pediatr Obes 2023; 18:e13071. [PMID: 37680003 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrating mobile health (mHealth) into paediatric obesity treatment can provide opportunities for more personalized and lifetime treatment. However, high attrition rates pose a significant challenge. The current study attempts to better understand attrition by exploring (1) attrition rates of a monitoring mHealth application for usage over 14 days and (2) testing predictors of attrition in adolescents with obesity. METHODS Participants were 69 adolescents between 12 and 16 years old who engaged in a multidisciplinary obesity treatment centre (either outpatient or inpatient) in two countries (Belgium and France). To assess the attrition rates, frequency distributions were used. To test the predictors of attrition, zero-inflated negative binomial regression was performed. RESULTS Attrition rates were high, in the outpatient group, more than half of the participants (53.3%) used the app for only 0-7 days. In the inpatient group, this percentage was 24.1%. Only deficits in initiating (a component of executive functions) were a negative predictor of attrition, indicating that deficits in initiating lead to lower attrition rates. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for high attrition rates in mHealth interventions for adolescents with obesity and was the first to investigate psychological predictors of attrition to an mHealth monitoring tool in adolescents with obesity in treatment. Findings regarding predictors of attrition should be approached with caution due to the small sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurane Desmet
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alicia Fillon
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), EA 3533, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- National Observatory for Physical Activity and Sedentary behaviors (ONAPS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Thivel
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), EA 3533, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- National Observatory for Physical Activity and Sedentary behaviors (ONAPS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Caroline Braet
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Nathan K, E M, Jabaris S SL, Visweswaraiah NK. Effect of abrupt and gradual calorie restriction regimens on biochemical and behavioral markers in obese mice model. Nutr Health 2023:2601060221131726. [PMID: 36650659 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221131726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background: Although Calorie Restriction (CR) is primarily considered in obesity management, behavioral studies of CR and its methodology of implementation are not well-defined. Objective: The study aimed to determine the efficacy of the extensively researched method of CR-abrupt calorie restriction (ACR) and a newly proposed gradual calorie restriction (GCR) in terms of body weight, behavioral and biochemical parameters in the obese animal model-C57BL/6J mice. Design: Male obese mice were subjected to GCR regimen for 14 weeks which was compared and evaluated for anxiety-like behavior and stress levels with ACR. Plasma corticosterone was measured before initiation of CR and every three weeks following GCR and ACR, whereas plasma insulin was measured twice-after obesity induction and post 14 weeks of CR. The behavioral assessments were conducted before inducing CR and every three weeks following ACR and GCR. Results: A significant anxiety-like behavior and an increase in plasma corticosterone were observed in mice on GCR during the critical initial six weeks of CR (p < 0.05). Both groups showed a decrease in plasma glucose levels; however, the GCR group showed a significant reduction (p < 0.01). There was a significant decrease in social interaction in both groups with an increase in the latency period and a decrease in time spent with the stranger animal during the social interaction test (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The mice on GCR regimen demonstrated lesser anxiety-like behavior and low plasma corticosterone levels compared to those on ACR. This gives us a new avenue in CR research to evaluate the methodologies of implementing CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousalya Nathan
- Department of Biochemistry, 77239Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Malligai E
- Department of Biochemistry, 77239Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sugin Lal Jabaris S
- Department of Pharmacology, Siddha Central Research Institute, 390302Central Council for Research in Siddha, Anna Govt. Hospital Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Naveen K Visweswaraiah
- Australian Research Council for Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM), Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
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Thomas BL, Holder LB, Cook DJ. Automated Cognitive Health Assessment Using Partially Complete Time Series Sensor Data. Methods Inf Med 2022; 61:99-110. [PMID: 36220111 PMCID: PMC9847015 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1756649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavior and health are inextricably linked. As a result, continuous wearable sensor data offer the potential to predict clinical measures. However, interruptions in the data collection occur, which create a need for strategic data imputation. OBJECTIVE The objective of this work is to adapt a data generation algorithm to impute multivariate time series data. This will allow us to create digital behavior markers that can predict clinical health measures. METHODS We created a bidirectional time series generative adversarial network to impute missing sensor readings. Values are imputed based on relationships between multiple fields and multiple points in time, for single time points or larger time gaps. From the complete data, digital behavior markers are extracted and are mapped to predicted clinical measures. RESULTS We validate our approach using continuous smartwatch data for n = 14 participants. When reconstructing omitted data, we observe an average normalized mean absolute error of 0.0197. We then create machine learning models to predict clinical measures from the reconstructed, complete data with correlations ranging from r = 0.1230 to r = 0.7623. This work indicates that wearable sensor data collected in the wild can be used to offer insights on a person's health in natural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L. Thomas
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States
| | - Lawrence B. Holder
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States
| | - Diane J. Cook
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States
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Smriti D, Kao TSA, Rathod R, Shin JY, Peng W, Williams J, Mujib MI, Colosimo M, Huh-Yoo J. MICA: Motivational Interviewing Conversational Agent for Parents as Proxies for their Children in Healthy Eating (Preprint). JMIR Hum Factors 2022; 9:e38908. [PMID: 36206036 PMCID: PMC9587490 DOI: 10.2196/38908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased adoption of off-the-shelf conversational agents (CAs) brings opportunities to integrate therapeutic interventions. Motivational Interviewing (MI) can then be integrated with CAs for cost-effective access to it. MI can be especially beneficial for parents who often have low motivation because of limited time and resources to eat healthy together with their children. Objective We developed a Motivational Interviewing Conversational Agent (MICA) to improve healthy eating in parents who serve as a proxy for health behavior change in their children. Proxy relationships involve a person serving as a catalyst for behavior change in another person. Parents, serving as proxies, can bring about behavior change in their children. Methods We conducted user test sessions of the MICA prototype to understand the perceived acceptability and usefulness of the MICA prototype by parents. A total of 24 parents of young children participated in 2 user test sessions with MICA, approximately 2 weeks apart. After parents’ interaction with the MICA prototype in each user test session, we used qualitative interviews to understand parents’ perceptions and suggestions for improvements in MICA. Results Findings showed participants’ perceived usefulness of MICAs for helping them self-reflect and motivating them to adopt healthier eating habits together with their children. Participants further suggested various ways in which MICA can help them safely manage their children’s eating behaviors and provide customized support for their proxy needs and goals. Conclusions We have discussed how the user experience of CAs can be improved to uniquely offer support to parents who serve as proxies in changing the behavior of their children. We have concluded with implications for a larger context of designing MI-based CAs for supporting proxy relationships for health behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diva Smriti
- College of Computing and Informatics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tsui-Sui Annie Kao
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Rahil Rathod
- Tata Consultancy Services, Edison, NJ, United States
| | - Ji Youn Shin
- College of Design, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Wei Peng
- College of Communication Arts and Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jake Williams
- College of Computing and Informatics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Munif Ishad Mujib
- College of Computing and Informatics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Jina Huh-Yoo
- College of Computing and Informatics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Ayala-García JC, Lagunas-Martínez A, Díaz-Benítez CE, Orbe-Orihuela YC, Castañeda-Márquez AC, Ortiz-Panozo E, Bermúdez-Morales VH, Bahena-Román M, Cruz M, Burguete-García AI. High Relative Abundance of Staphylococcus aureus and Serum Cytokines Are Associated with Cardiometabolic Abnormalities in Children. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2022; 20:303-311. [PMID: 35325575 DOI: 10.1089/met.2021.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The alteration in the composition of the gut microbiota has been associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The present study evaluated the association between the relative abundance (RA) of intestinal Staphylococcus aureus and the inflammatory response with cardiometabolic alterations in children. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1142 children (age 6-12 years), which were classified by degree of adiposity. Anthropometry, cardiometabolic markers, and RA of intestinal S. aureus were measured. Cytokine concentrations were available in 626 children. Path coefficients (PC) were estimated by path analysis. Results: RA of S. aureus was positively associated with cholesterol PC = 24.98 (95% CI 10.76 to 39.21) and negatively with triglycerides PC = -13.10 (95% CI -22.73 to -3.48). Body mass index (BMI) Z-scores had significant mediation effects on the association between RA of S. aureus with waist circumference PC = 2.87 (95% CI 0.58 to 5.16), triglycerides PC = 6.63 (95% CI 1.29 to 11.98), low-density lipoproteins (LDL) PC = 1.73 (95% CI 0.27 to 3.18), and high-density lipoproteins PC = -1.20 (95% CI -2.19 to -0.22). Interleukin 6 (IL-6) was negatively associated with glucose PC = -3.01 (95% CI -5.85 to -0.17) and LDL PC = -8.65 (95% CI -16.54 to -0.77), and interleukin 10 (IL-10) was positively associated with glucose PC = 3.37 (95% CI 0.47 to 6.26). Conclusions: It is suggested that the RA of S. aureus, IL-6, and IL-10 are associated with cardiometabolic alterations in children, where BMI Z-scores have an important mediating effect for the development of these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Ayala-García
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Alfredo Lagunas-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | | | | | | | - Eduardo Ortiz-Panozo
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | | | - Margarita Bahena-Román
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ana Isabel Burguete-García
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
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Fiskum C, Riiber Å, Eik-Nes TT. Prevention of Unhealthy Weight, Disordered Eating, and Poor Body Image in Children. Perspectives From Norwegian Parents and Healthcare Professionals. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:895781. [PMID: 35573359 PMCID: PMC9094704 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.895781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity (ChO) and eating disorders are on the rise, with concerning effects on health. Early prevention is essential as interventions after problems arise are costly and with a low success rate. In Norway, prevention of ChO has been largely weight-centered, without desired effects. Confident Body, Confident Child (CBCC) is a universal program aimed at preventing ChO, disturbed eating, and body image problems through a health-centered intervention for parents of children between 2 and 6 years. The current study is part of a cultural adaptation and translation of CBCC into Norwegian. METHODS Focus groups with parents (n = 16) and professionals (n = 11) were held around healthy eating, activity, and body image, with an emphasis on possible barriers for prevention as well as approaches considered helpful. The interviews were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. RESULTS Parents and professionals described parental stress connected to high standards, conflicting information, and parental comparison. A narrowing sense of normality around healthy living was described with little flexibility resulting in "all-or-nothing" thinking. Parents were anxious to say or do the wrong thing when regulating children's food intake and when faced with comments about appearance. Parents and professionals described parental concern around children not eating enough, and professionals described an increase in parents using food as regulation. Both parents and professionals expressed that having a child with overweight was tied to a sense of failure and shame. Interventions related to overweight seemed to increase stress and shame, further complicating follow-up. As an alternative, parents and professionals expressed a desire for interventions with normalizing information around "good-enough" parenting related to food and weight. DISCUSSION The described fear of doing something wrong and lack of flexibility is interpreted within a stress-sensitive understanding, where stress and shame can influence parents toward mobilizing action or disengagement, presenting as dichotomous behaviors of "all-or-nothing". CONCLUSION Interventions that can normalize parental concerns in a non-moralizing way may reduce stress and shame. CBCC addresses all the major concerns raised in this study, providing parents with evidence-based information they can implement into everyday life. The Norwegian cultural adaptation added extra emphasis on normalization and shame-reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Fiskum
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Åshild Riiber
- Healthy Life Centre (Friskliv og mestring), Orkanger, Norway
| | - Trine Tetlie Eik-Nes
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Stjørdal Community Mental Health Centre, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
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Memarian S, Moradi A, Hasani J, Mullan B. Can sweet food-specific inhibitory control training via a mobile application improve eating behavior in children with obesity? Br J Health Psychol 2021; 27:645-665. [PMID: 34676624 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Consumption of excess sugar, a common energy-dense nutrient-poor food, is a risk factor for obesity in school-aged children. Food-specific inhibition training, where responses to palatable food stimuli, such as sweet foods, are consistently and repeatedly inhibited, reduces sweet food intake in adults. However, no studies have yet examined the effectiveness of inhibitory control training specifically targeting sweet foods among children with high sugar cravings. We examined whether sweet food-specific inhibitory control training (SF-ICT), administered via a mobile app, reduced choice and consumption of sweet foods, and weight in a sample of children aged 7-11 with overweight or obesity and who had high sugar cravings (N = 46). DESIGN This study was designed as a 2 × 3 between-within design. METHODS Participants were randomly allocated to a single-blind design with two conditions: they either received 7 sessions of active or control go/no-go training in which either sweet foods or non-food cues were paired with no-go signals. Participants' weight, sweet food choice, and consumption were measured pre and post-training, and at three-month follow-up. RESULTS The results revealed that participants in the active group showed a significant reduction in sweet food choice and intake from pre to post-training relative to the control group. The effects of the training on reducing sweet food intake persisted over the 3-month follow-up No significant changes in weight loss were observed. CONCLUSIONS These results provide preliminary evidence that sweet food-specific inhibitory control training (SF-ICT) via a mobile app is effective in modifying eating behavior among children with excessive consumption of sugary foods. Further research is required to clarify under what conditions the benefits of training would expand to weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Memarian
- Health Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, Kharazmi University, Iran
| | - Alireza Moradi
- Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, Kharazmi University and the Institute for Cognitive Sciences Studies, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Hasani
- Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, Kharazmi University, Iran
| | - Barbara Mullan
- Psychology, Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology, Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia
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Santos AF, Martins MC, Fernandes C, Bost KK, Veríssimo M. Relation between Attachment and Obesity in Preschool Years: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103572. [PMID: 34684573 PMCID: PMC8539151 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that attachment plays an important role in obesity. However, few studies examined this relationship in preschool children. This study aimed to systematically examine the empirical, peer-reviewed evidence regarding the relationship between attachment quality and obesity in the preschool years. Using established guidelines, relevant peer-reviewed literature published between 2000 and July 2021 was searched through EBSCO. This yielded a total of 1124 records for review. Established inclusion criteria comprised: empirical studies published in peer-review journals; include at least one anthropometric measure and/or food consumption measure. Exclusion criteria comprised: attachment measures not following Bowlby-Ainsworth conceptualization of the construct; children in institutionalized settings; context of severe mental illness, documented substance use disorders, or eating disorders; include only a measure of the psychological aspects of eating; intervention programs. After exclusions, eight studies with a total of 9225 participants met the inclusion criteria. Results support the role of attachment in weight-related outcomes, suggesting that considering attachment in the risk of obesity could contribute to the elaboration of effective prevention and intervention programs. Limitations included the small number of studies, predominately cross-sectional designs, the diversity of methodologies, most samples not including fathers, and lack of evidence about the developmental mechanisms underlying the association between attachment and obesity. More evidence is needed to determine how attachment and obesity are linked, and the potential underlying mechanisms accounting for this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F. Santos
- William James Center for Research, ISPA—Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.F.S.); (M.C.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Mariana C. Martins
- William James Center for Research, ISPA—Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.F.S.); (M.C.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Carla Fernandes
- William James Center for Research, ISPA—Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.F.S.); (M.C.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Kelly K. Bost
- Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Manuela Veríssimo
- William James Center for Research, ISPA—Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.F.S.); (M.C.M.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence:
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Dun Q, Duan Y, Fu M, Meng H, Xu W, Yu T, Debra D, Tu N, Li X, Ma L, Du Y, Chen L, Liu X, Zhou X, Qin M, Shen L, Wu N, Zou Y. Built environment, physical activity, and obesity of adults in Pingshan District, Shenzhen City in Southern China. Ann Hum Biol 2021; 48:15-22. [PMID: 33563083 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2021.1886324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relation between neighbourhood built environment and obesity has been described as both nuanced and complex. AIM The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the built environment, physical activity, and obesity in a rapidly urbanised area of China. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This is a cross-sectional study. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the socio-demographic variables, physical activity levels and BMI status. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between neighbourhood environment, the likelihood of engaging in different types of physical activity, and BMI. RESULTS A total of 842 respondents completed the questionnaires and were included (84.1% response rate). Among them, 56.4% reported meeting high physical activity levels, while 40.7% were overweight or obese. Multivariable regression analysis showed that better road conditions (β = 0.122, t = 2.999, p = 0.003) and access to physical activity facilities (β = 0.121, t = 3.193, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with higher levels of physical activity. Physical activity levels were inversely associated with the likelihood of being overweight (OR = 0.565, 95%CI: 0.3 4 9-0.917) or obese (OR = 0.614, 95%CI: 0.3 9 0-0.966). CONCLUSION The built environment has an important impact on physical activity. However, the direct impact of leisure physical activity on BMI is not significant. This research provides a summary of recent evidence in Pingshan District on built environments that are most favourable for physical activity and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Dun
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiting Duan
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Maozhen Fu
- Disease Control and Prevention Center of Pingshan District in Shenzhen City, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongdao Meng
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Wanglin Xu
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yu
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dobbs Debra
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Naidan Tu
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xin Li
- School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Ma
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yating Du
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Longwei Chen
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorui Zhou
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxue Qin
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Shen
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Nengjian Wu
- Disease Control and Prevention Center of Pingshan District in Shenzhen City, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuliang Zou
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Gachupin FC, Caston E, Chavez C, Bernal J, Cager P, Harris D, John T, Remitera J, Garcia CA, Romero VM, Gchachu KE, Gchachu CR, Garcia K, Gchachu V, Gchachu BM, Rens E, Slowtalker J, Blew R, Tracy K, Figueroa T, Thomson CA, Ranjbar N, Hingle M, O’Connor T, Roe DJ, Grant V, Swick S, Joe JR. Primary Disease Prevention for Southwest American Indian Families During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Camp in a Box. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2021; 6:611972. [PMID: 33869562 PMCID: PMC8022461 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2021.611972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the American Indian Youth Wellness Camp in a Box was to engage, educate and empower families to improve their health and overall well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Camp in a Box was a 9-week program, inclusive of a 1-week intensive camp component followed by an 8-week booster component with content focused on nutrition, mental health and physical activity education. The Camp in a Box is a Tribal/Urban Indian-University partnership, and materials were developed to replace an existing weeklong residential camp and to comply with social distancing guidelines. Fourteen American Indian families from Tribal/Urban Indian communities in the southwestern United States participated (36 children aged 2-18 years; 32 adults). The intensive camp week included daily materials for families to complete together, Monday through Friday. Materials were provided for approximately 4 h of activities per day. The booster sessions began after camp week and included approximately 4 h of supplementary activities designed to be completed at any time most convenient for the family over the course of the week. Activities were designed to encourage interaction among family members with materials and supplies for parents and youth to participate. Self-reported outcomes suggested that families changed their eating habits to include more vegetables, less sweets and junk food. Parents reported an increase in family physical activity and that the activities brought the family closer together. Our Camp in a Box program was feasible and well-received until school began. During camp week, 100% of recruited families participated; at Booster Week 8, ten families (71%) remained enrolled and active. Camp in a Box is a feasible alternative to residential camps for promotion of health behaviors associated with metabolic disease prevention among American Indian families. In contrast to residential camps for youth, Camp in a Box offers an opportunity to engage the entire family in health promotion activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine C. Gachupin
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Evelyn Rens
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jacquanette Slowtalker
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Robert Blew
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Keyauni Tracy
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ty Figueroa
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Cynthia A. Thomson
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Noshene Ranjbar
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Melanie Hingle
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Teresia O’Connor
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Denise J. Roe
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Vernon Grant
- Center for American Indian and Rural Health Equity, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Shayna Swick
- University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jennie R. Joe
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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12
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Nissankara Rao LS, Kilari EK, Kola PK. Protective effect of Curcuma amada acetone extract against high-fat and high-sugar diet-induced obesity and memory impairment. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 24:212-225. [PMID: 31149894 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1616436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Curcuma amada Roxb. (Mango ginger) was evaluated for anti-obesity, anti-amnesic and neuroprotection using high-fat and high-sugar diet (HFHS)-induced obesity and cognitive impairment in rats. Methods: Animals were exposed to HFHS diet to evaluate lipid parameters and subjected to Y maze test and Pole climbing test to evaluate the memory. In addition, oxidative stress parameters, acetyl cholinesterase activity (AChE), neurochemicals and histopathology were assessed in the brain. Results: HFHS diet led to increased body weight and lipid parameters (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein [LDL], and very low-density lipoprotein [VLDL], triglycerides [TG]) but not high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Elevated serum glutamate oxalate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), oxidative biomarker, decreased enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and reduced percentage of spontaneous alternation behaviour (% SAB in Y-maze test) as well as reduced serotonin and dopamine levels and neurodegeneration were observed in HFHS diet-fed rats. Curcuma amada (CAAE1, 100 mg/kg and CAAE2, 300 mg/kg) treatment to HFHS diet-fed rats (21 days after HFHS diet feeding alone) showed dose-dependent activity and ameliorated the HFHS diet-induced alterations in lipid parameters related to obesity, hepatological parameters, memory, oxidative stress, neurochemicals and neurodegeneration. Furthermore, 300 mg/kg of C. amada (CAAE2) augmented the memory by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity; it also ameliorated the effect of antioxidants such as glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total thiol and mitigated the effect of malondialdehyde (MDA). CAAE2 also controlled the level of dopamine and serotonin and reduced the neurodegeneration in the hippocampus CA1 region. Discussion: The results of the present study indicated that treatment with C. amada 300 mg/kg (CAAE2) attenuated the HFHS diet-induced obesity, memory loss, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration. These study results indicated that the administration of C. amada offers a potential treatment option for obesity and memory loss, and it requires further preclinical and clinical evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eswar Kumar Kilari
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Phani Kumar Kola
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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13
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Kumar SV, Sudevan R, Sunny C, Sunand N, Vasudevan A, Sonu KS, Apsy PV. Prevalence of acanthosis nigricans and its association with physical activity in adolescents – School-based analytical cross-sectional study from Kochi, Kerala. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:4218-4222. [PMID: 35136792 PMCID: PMC8797089 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_953_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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14
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Mandelbaum J, Harrison SE, Brittingham J. Disparities in Nutrition Counseling at Pediatric Wellness Visits in South Carolina. Child Obes 2020; 16:520-526. [PMID: 32960095 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2020.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: In 2007, an Expert Committee recommended that dietary patterns be assessed at each wellness visit and that counseling on diet and nutrition be provided to all children. Few studies have examined the "uptake" of obesity prevention practices into pediatric primary care. This study aimed to describe patterns of nutrition counseling among children at wellness visits in South Carolina between 2008 and 2017 and determine whether sociodemographic disparities existed. Methods: The sample included 123,864 children 2-18 years of age who had a wellness visit at one of South Carolina's four major health care systems between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2017. Documentation of nutrition counseling was defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9/10 codes. A matched sample design and conditional logistic regression were used to examine sociodemographic disparities in children who did and did not receive nutrition counseling. Results: Nutrition counseling was documented at 3.55% of wellness visits. Significant sociodemographic disparities were found, including that African American and Hispanic children were less likely to receive counseling than white or non-Hispanic children. Differences were also found by urban/rural residence, health insurance, and BMI. Despite guidelines, ICD 9/10 code indicating diagnosis of overweight or obesity was documented for only 12.2% of children. Conclusions: Nutrition counseling was rarely documented in a large sample of electronic medical record (EMR) data from pediatric wellness visits in South Carolina-a state heavily burdened by childhood obesity. Children's BMIs were infrequently recorded, which may be a barrier to tracking BMI over time. Sociodemographic and geographic differences in nutrition counseling may exacerbate disparities in childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Mandelbaum
- SC SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Sayward E Harrison
- SC SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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15
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Elias PH, Montemurro G, Sulz L, Torrance B, Storey KE. Canadian after-school care providers' perceived role promoting healthy lifestyles: a focused ethnography. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1279. [PMID: 32842998 PMCID: PMC7445905 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09369-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After-school care programs have garnered interest in recent years as the hours of 3:00-6:00 p.m. are an opportune time for children to engage in healthy behaviours, specifically healthy eating and physical activity. Care providers are major influencers within the after-school care setting, impacting health promoting opportunities for children. However, little is known regarding the role care providers play in health promotion interventions in the after-school care setting, specifically those using comprehensive approaches. The purpose of this research was to explore care providers' role and experience promoting healthy eating and physical activity through the after-school care health promotion intervention School's Out … Let's Move (SOLMo). SOLMo was guided by the evidence-based comprehensive school health framework. SOLMo had two main goals: [1] to serve a healthy snack with vegetable or fruit, and milk or water as the drink; [2] to include 30 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity. The intervention included resources and coaching for care providers to promote healthy eating and physical activity for children and took place in four after-school sites over a six-month period. Three of four sites were located in a school. The primary researcher was engaged with the sites over 22-months. METHODS This research was guided by the qualitative method focused ethnography. Semi-structured interviews with care providers (n = 13) taking part in SOLMo were conducted. Participant observation was included as part of data generation to further understand care provider roles. Latent content analysis was utilized iteratively and concurrently throughout data generation. RESULTS Overall, care providers were supportive of promoting health behaviours in the after-school setting. Through analysis, five themes and eight subthemes emerged related to care providers' role and experience promoting healthy eating and physical activity through SOLMo: 1) enhanced awareness; 2) improved programming; 3) strong relationships; 4) collaborative approach; and 5) role tension. CONCLUSIONS As major influencers, care providers play a crucial role in promoting healthy lifestyle behaviours for children. This research provides valuable insight into this role and the implementation of comprehensive health promotion approaches in the after-school setting. Findings contribute to the implementation knowledge base and help inform the promotion of healthy lifestyle behaviours for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierrette H Elias
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-50 University Terrace, 8303-112 Street, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2T4, Canada
| | - Genevieve Montemurro
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-50 University Terrace, 8303-112 Street, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2T4, Canada
| | - Lauren Sulz
- Department of Secondary Education, Faculty of Education, University of Alberta, 350 Education Centre South, 11210 - 87 Ave, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G5, Canada
| | - Brian Torrance
- Ever Active Schools, 11759 Groat Road, Edmonton, Alberta, T5M 3K6, Canada
| | - Kate E Storey
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-50 University Terrace, 8303-112 Street, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2T4, Canada.
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16
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The Association between Various Lifestyle Patterns and the Body Mass Index in Adolescents. ACTA MEDICA MARISIENSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/amma-2019-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective: The study aims to analyze obesogenic behavioral patterns of adolescents living in Mureş County, Romania, as well as to establish a relationship between these behaviors and their Body Mass Index (BMI), in an attempt to provide effective prevention strategies for obesity.
Material and Methods: 153 students between 9th to 12th grade, aged between 14 and 19 years old, from the Vocational and Art Highschool of Târgu Mureş were included in the study. All the candidates filled out an evaluation questionnaire of lifestyle and risky behaviors. The analyzed data were sex, age, residence, BMI and risky eating behavior defined as the consumption of carbohydrates (bread, potatoes, sweets), sodas, junk food, alcohol (wine, distilled beverages, beer), beer separately, level of physical activity (school and extra-school sports activities), sedentary behaviors (≥2 hours/day in front of a screen: personal computer-PC and television-TV), and spending ≥2 hours/day separately on the PC and on the TV.
Results: A statistically significant association was observed between BMI and consumption of fast-food, tobacco, beer, sedentary behavior and spending ≥2 hours/day in front of the PC. Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference between the BMI values of adolescents presenting all studied risk behaviors compared to those who did not.
Conclusions: Obesity among adolescents from Mureş County is influenced by lifestyle choices like fast-food, tobacco, beer, sedentary behavior and spending ≥2 hours/day in front of the PC.
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Ufholz K, Salvy SJ, Feda DM, Epstein LH, Roemmich JN. Eating Responses to External Food Cues in Weight Discordant Siblings. J Adolesc Health 2019; 65:155-160. [PMID: 30905505 PMCID: PMC6589359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Heightened responsivity to external food cues may promote energy intake and account for differences in weight status between nonoverweight and overweight adolescents. Studies of weight-discordant fraternal siblings control for some genetic and shared within-family factors, which allow for testing of other nonshared factors relevant to sibling weight differences.The aim of the study was to determine whether same-sex weight-discordant (one nonoverweight and one overweight) adolescent siblings differ in responsiveness to external food cues. METHODS Weight-discordant siblings' (n = 38 pairs) energy consumption was compared following both an appetizing food (pizza) on one day and a control activity (reading) on another day. Multilevel models examined intrafamily similarity, and regressions examined associations with adiposity. RESULTS Siblings shared little similarity in cue responsivity (ρ = .10). However, sibling body mass index z-scores difference was not associated with differences in cue responsivity. Moreover, when tested as groups, nonoverweight and overweight siblings did not differ for cue responsivity (p > .84). CONCLUSION Weight-discordant adolescent siblings show little similarity in responses to food cues. Differences in sibling weight status were not predicted by differences in responses to food cues. Thus, nonshared factors other than cue responsivity must contribute to weight differences of adolescent siblings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Ufholz
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks, North Dakota.
| | - Sarah-Jeanne Salvy
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | | | | | - James N. Roemmich
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2420 2nd Ave North, Grand Forks, ND, 58203,Author correspondence: Kelsey Ufholz, PhD., USDA Agricultural Research Service, 2420 2nd Ave North, Grand Forks, ND, 58201; ; Phone: 701.795.8229
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18
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ZALEWSKA M, MACIORKOWSKA E. Dietary Habits and Physical Activity of 18-Year-Old Adolescents in Relation to Overweight and Obesity. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 48:864-872. [PMID: 31523643 PMCID: PMC6717415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlations between the nutritional status, nutritional habits, and physical activity in the representative population of 18-year-old students. METHODS A total of 1,631 participants aged 18 years, originating from secondary schools/senior high schools in the city of Bialystok, Szpitalna, Bialystok, Poland were enrolled. Participants completed anonymous questionnaires, and their body mass index was assessed. Data were analyzed using standard statistical procedures with Statistical PL 12.0. RESULTS The analysis showed that consumption of only one to two or three meals was associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity-in case of one or two meals among girls, OR=1.78 (P<0.05), in case of one or two meals among boys, OR=2.325 (P<0.01), and in case of three meals, OR=1.771 (P<0.05). First breakfast was consumed by 82.1% of boys with normal BMI and 73.1% overweight and obesity (OR=0.593; P<0.05). 24.5% of the eutrophic compared to only 20.3% of adolescents with elevated BMI reported attending all PE classes. Physical activity undertaken after school was associated with a 35.9% decrease risk of overweight and obesity among girls and 57.7% among boys. CONCLUSION A specific pattern of nutritional habits, that is, decreased meal frequency in adolescents, skipping meals, appear the most frequent nutritional mistakes associated with overweight and obesity. Insufficient physical activity and exposure to sedentary behaviors among adolescents are disturbing. The obesity problem requires monitoring, prevention and the change of nutritional habits and physical activity early in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena ZALEWSKA
- Department of Public Health, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland,Corresponding Author:
| | - Elżbieta MACIORKOWSKA
- Department of Developmental Medicine and Pediatric Nursing, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland
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Ariza C, Sánchez-Martínez F, Serral G, Valmayor S, Juárez O, Pasarín MI, Castell C, Rajmil L, López MJ. The Incidence of Obesity, Assessed as Adiposity, Is Reduced After 1 Year in Primary Schoolchildren by the POIBA Intervention. J Nutr 2019; 149:258-269. [PMID: 30753540 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is becoming a serious problem, and prevention programs are needed. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate, after 1 y, the effectiveness of a multicomponent, school-based obesity intervention program. METHODS This intervention, conducted in Barcelona, Spain, was a quasi-experimental obesity primary prevention intervention targeting schoolchildren aged 9-10 y. Participants were assigned to an intervention group (IG) (1464 students) or to a comparison group (CG) (1609 students). The intervention consisted of a 9-session classroom program, 6 weekly sessions of physical education and out-of-school physical activity, and a workshop for families. It lasted from October 2011 to May 2012. Data obtained at baseline (spring 2011) and follow-up (spring 2012) included information on nutrition and physical activity, through 2 self-reported questionnaires, and measurement of weight, height, triceps skinfold thickness, and waist circumference. The cumulative incidence rate (CIR) of obesity was calculated from triceps skinfold measures. A multilevel logistic regression model was fitted to determine the association between the intervention and the CIR of obesity. The effect size of the program was estimated with Cohen's criteria. RESULTS The overall prevalence of obesity at baseline was 12.7%. At the 12-mo follow-up, the incidence of obesity was 7.8% in the IG compared with 11.4% in the CG (P < 0.005), representing 31% fewer new cases of obesity in the IG. The Cohen's d effect size of the program was 0.33. In the multilevel analysis, there was a protective effect of the intervention on the CIR of obesity at 12 mo (OR: 0.7; 95% CI: 0.5, 0.9) (P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS The first Prevención de la Obesidad Infantil en Barcelona (Childhood Obesity Prevention in Barcelona) (POIBA) intervention, targeting children aged 9-10 y, reduced the incidence of obesity as measured by adiposity. The intervention could prevent 1 in 3 new cases of childhood obesity in this age range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Ariza
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, (Public Health Agency, Barcelona), Spain.,Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Sánchez-Martínez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, (Public Health Agency, Barcelona), Spain.,Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Health and Experimental Science Department, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Serral
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, (Public Health Agency, Barcelona), Spain.,Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Valmayor
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, (Public Health Agency, Barcelona), Spain
| | - Olga Juárez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, (Public Health Agency, Barcelona), Spain
| | - María Isabel Pasarín
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, (Public Health Agency, Barcelona), Spain.,Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Health and Experimental Science Department, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Conxa Castell
- Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya (Public Health Agency of Catalonia), Health Department, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Rajmil
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María José López
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, (Public Health Agency, Barcelona), Spain.,Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Health and Experimental Science Department, Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Arango-Angarita A, Rodríguez-Ramírez S, Serra-Majem L, Shamah-Levy T. Dietary Energy Density and Its Association with Overweight or Obesity in Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1612. [PMID: 30388849 PMCID: PMC6266059 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary energy density (DED) has been identified as a crucial dietary factor in body weight control, in that higher DED has been associated with weight gain. To our knowledge, no review studies have explained this association specifically in adolescents. The aim of this study was to describe the association of DED with overweight or obesity (OW/O) in adolescents, as derived from observational studies. We conducted a systematic search of the MEDLINE/PubMed and Science Direct databases, including studies published between January 2000 and December 2017. We selected the studies that included adolescents (aged 10⁻19 years) and contained DED-related information and anthropometric measurements of OW/O. From 1149 candidate studies, 30 were selected, though only 12 met all the inclusion criteria. Of these, only four found a positive association between DED and certain OW/O indicators, six found no association and two showed an inverse association with weight gain. These studies differed in several aspects such as design, DED calculation method and dietary assessment tool, leading to inconsistent results. Methodological differences found among the examined studies did not allow us to establish a clear conclusion of this association. Evidence in adolescents was also poor. New, standardized methodological approaches should be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Arango-Angarita
- Center for Evaluation and Surveys Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, 62100 Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Sonia Rodríguez-Ramírez
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, 62100 Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, CP, Spain.
| | - Teresa Shamah-Levy
- Center for Evaluation and Surveys Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, 62100 Morelos, Mexico.
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21
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Rong Y, Chun-Yan N, Hong-Xin Z, Lu Y, Wen W, Yu T. Association of Adolescent Obesity with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Related Risk Factors in Xi 'an, China. Ann Hepatol 2018; 17:85-91. [PMID: 29311392 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.7538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM To investigate the association of adolescent obesity with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and related risk factors in Xi'an, China. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 4141 adolescents (2,061 girls and 2,080 boys, mean age: 18.62 ± 0.66 years, age range 15-22 years) were enrolled in this investigation. Anthropometric index was measured, and liver ultrasonography and liver function biochemical test were performed in all the subjects. T test, χ2 test and logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS The total rates of obesity was 7.9% (08/4,141). The prevalence rate of NAFLD was 8.1% (335/4141) with a declining trend from obesity, overweight to normal BMI. NAFLD prevalence rate in obese boys was significantly higher than in girls (χ2 = 56.5, P < 0.01). BMI, body weight, ALT, and AST in NAFLD group were higher than in non-NAFLD group (P < 0.05). The tangent point of ALT was 36 U/L using Youden index in boys, and 33 U/L in girls. CONCLUSION The prevalence of obesity and NAFLD in adolescents is higher in Xi'an than anticipated. Body weight and BMI may be the associated independent risk factors of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Rong
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Medical University, Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Niu Chun-Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Medical University, Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhao Hong-Xin
- Physical Examination Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Medical University, Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Endocrinology Department, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Wang Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Medical University, Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tian Yu
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Medical University, Xi 'an , Shaanxi Province, China
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Smith JD, Egan KN, Montaño Z, Dawson-McClure S, Jake-Schoffman DE, Larson M, St. George SM. A developmental cascade perspective of paediatric obesity: a conceptual model and scoping review. Health Psychol Rev 2018; 12:271-293. [PMID: 29583070 PMCID: PMC6324843 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2018.1457450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Considering the immense challenge of preventing obesity, the time has come to reconceptualise the way we study the obesity development in childhood. The developmental cascade model offers a longitudinal framework to elucidate the way cumulative consequences and spreading effects of risk and protective factors, across and within biopsychosocial spheres and phases of development, can propel individuals towards obesity. In this article, we use a theory-driven model-building approach and a scoping review that included 310 published studies to propose a developmental cascade model of paediatric obesity. The proposed model provides a basis for testing hypothesised cascades with multiple intervening variables and complex longitudinal processes. Moreover, the model informs future research by resolving seemingly contradictory findings on pathways to obesity previously thought to be distinct (low self-esteem, consuming sugary foods, and poor sleep cause obesity) that are actually processes working together over time (low self-esteem causes consumption of sugary foods which disrupts sleep quality and contributes to obesity). The findings of such inquiries can aid in identifying the timing and specific targets of preventive interventions across and within developmental phases. The implications of such a cascade model of paediatric obesity for health psychology and developmental and prevention sciences are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Preventive Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA, (312)503-4041.
| | - Kaitlyn N. Egan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA, (619)733-3977.
| | - Zorash Montaño
- Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA, (323)804-6666.
| | - Spring Dawson-McClure
- Center for Early Childhood Health & Development, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA, (919)930-7240.
| | - Danielle E. Jake-Schoffman
- Division of Preventive & Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA, (508)856-6517.
| | - Madeline Larson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA, (253)225-0119.
| | - Sara M. St. George
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA, (305)243-0726.
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Ghenadenik AE, Kakinami L, Van Hulst A, Henderson M, Barnett TA. Neighbourhoods and obesity: A prospective study of characteristics of the built environment and their association with adiposity outcomes in children in Montreal, Canada. Prev Med 2018; 111:35-40. [PMID: 29462654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This paper examined prospective associations between built environment features assessed at baseline using direct audits and adiposity outcomes two years later in Montreal, Canada. Data stem from the Quebec Adipose and Lifestyle Investigation in Youth study of 630 children aged 8-10 years with a parental history of obesity. Baseline measurements took place between 2005 and 2008. Follow-up took place between 2008 and 2011. Built environment features were assessed at baseline in up to 10 contiguous street segments around participants' residential addresses using on-site audits. Analyses were restricted to participants who reported the same address both at baseline and follow-up. Prospective associations between adiposity outcomes at follow-up (BMI z-score and waist-height ratio) and built environment features at baseline (traffic-calming features, pedestrian aids, disorder, physical activity facilities, convenience stores, and fast-food restaurants) were examined using multivariable regression models. 391 children were included in the analyses. In fully-adjusted models, children living in residential areas with presence of pedestrian aids had lower BMI z-score, and lower waist-height ratio. Also, children residing in residential areas with at least one convenience store had lower BMI z-score, and lower waist-height ratio at follow-up. Findings provide evidence of the potential role of street-level urban design features in shaping childhood adiposity. To better inform policy and intervention, future research should explore the possibility of reducing obesogenic neighbourhoods by enhancing street-level design features.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Ghenadenik
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de santé publique (ESPUM), Université de Montréal. 7101, avenue du Parc 3(e) étage, Montréal, Quebec H3N 1X9, Canada; Institut de recherche en santé publique de l'Université de Montréal (IRSPUM), 7101, avenue du Parc 3(e) étage, Montréal, Quebec H3N 1X9, Canada; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM). 900, rue Saint Denis, Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - L Kakinami
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Concordia University. 1455, boulevard de Maisonneuve O., Montreal, Quebec H3G 1M8, Canada; PERFORM Centre, Concordia University. 7141, rue Sherbrooke O., Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - A Van Hulst
- Research Centre of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, 3175, chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, 1020, avenue des Pins O., Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A2, Canada
| | - M Henderson
- Research Centre of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, 3175, chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, 3175, chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - T A Barnett
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, 3175, chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) - Institut Armand Frappier, 531, boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada.
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Kamody RC, Thurston IB, Decker KM, Kaufman CC, Sonneville KR, Richmond TK. Relating shape/weight based self-esteem, depression, and anxiety with weight and perceived physical health among young adults. Body Image 2018; 25:168-176. [PMID: 29677688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous contributions of self-esteem, depression, and anxiety to weight and perceived physical health in young adults is understudied. A diverse sample of 424 young adults completed measures of shape/weight based self-esteem, depression, anxiety, and perceived physical health. Height and weight were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI). Latent profile analysis was conducted to derive patterns of depression, anxiety, and shape/weight based self-esteem. Then, we examined the association of the profiles with weight status and perceived physical health. Three profiles emerged: (1) High Shape/Weight Influence (HSWI); (2) Low Shape/Weight, Depression, & Anxiety Influence (LSWDAI); and (3) High Depression & Anxiety Influence (HDAI). The HSWI profile had significantly higher BMI than the LSWDAI and HDAI profiles, and significantly lower perceived physical health than the LSWDAI profile. Over emphasis on shape/weight, regardless of depression and anxiety, is associated with elevated weight and negative internalized health views.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Kamody
- Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, United States; Yale University Child Study Center, United States.
| | - Idia B Thurston
- Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, United States; University of Tennessee Health Science Center, United States; Le Bonheur Children's Foundation Research Institute, United States
| | | | | | | | - Tracy K Richmond
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, United States
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25
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Improving the nutrition and screen time environment through self-assessment in family childcare homes in Nebraska. Public Health Nutr 2018; 21:2351-2359. [PMID: 29852883 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018001416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if family childcare homes (FCCH) in Nebraska meet best practices for nutrition and screen time, and if focusing on nutrition and screen time policies and practices improves the FCCH environment. DESIGN A pre-post evaluation was conducted using the Go Nutrition and Physical Activity Self-Assessment for Childcare (Go NAP SACC). SETTING FCCH in Nebraska, USA. SUBJECTS FCCH enrolled in the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP; n 208) participated in a pre-post evaluation using Go NAP SACC. RESULTS At baseline, all FCCH met the minimum childcare standards for fifty-four of fifty-six practices in nutrition and screen time. After the intervention, FCCH demonstrated significant improvement in fourteen of the forty-four Child Nutrition items and eleven of the twelve Screen Time items. However, FCCH providers did not meet best practices at post-intervention. Lowest scores were found in serving meals family-style, promoting visible support for healthy eating, planned nutrition education and written policy on child nutrition. For screen time, lowest scores were reported on the availability of television, offering families education on screen time and having a written policy on screen time. CONCLUSIONS FCCH in Nebraska were able to strengthen their policies and practices after utilizing Go NAP SACC. Continued professional development and participation in targeted interventions may assist programmes in sustaining improved practices and policies. Considering the varying standards and policies surrounding FCCH, future studies comparing the current findings with childcare centres and non-CACFP programmes are warranted.
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Sartorius B, Sartorius K, Taylor M, Aagaard-Hansen J, Dukhi N, Day C, Ndlovu N, Slotow R, Hofman K. Rapidly increasing body mass index among children, adolescents and young adults in a transitioning population, South Africa, 2008-15. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 47:942-952. [PMID: 29253189 PMCID: PMC6005035 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a global epidemic of overweight and obesity; however, this rate of increase is even greater in some low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). South Africa (SA) is undergoing rapid socioeconomic and demographic changes that have triggered a rapid nutrition transition. The paper focuses on the recent rate of change of body mass index (BMI) among children, adolescents and young adults, further stratified by key sociodemographic factors. Methods We analysed mean BMI of 28 247 individuals (including children) from 7301 households by age and year, from anthropometric data from four national cross-sectional (repeated panel) surveys using non-linear fitted curves and associated 95% confidence intervals. Results From 2008 to 2015, there was rapid rise in mean BMI in the 6-25 age band, with the highest risk (3-4+ BMI unit increase) among children aged 8-10 years. The increase was largely among females in urban areas and of middle-high socioeconomic standing. Prominent gains were also observed in certain rural areas, with extensive geographical heterogeneity across the country. Conclusions We have demonstrated a major deviation from the current understanding of patterns of BMI increase, with a rate of increase substantially greater in the developing world context compared with the global pattern. This population-wide effect will have major consequences for national development as the epidemic of related non-communicable disease unfolds, and will overtax the national health care budget. Our refined understanding highlights that risks are further compounded for certain groups/places, and emphasizes that urgent geographical and population-targeted interventions are necessary. These interventions could include a sugar tax, clearer food labelling, revised school feeding programmes and mandatory bans on unhealthy food marketing to children.The scenario unfolding in South Africa will likely be followed in other LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sartorius
- Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - K Sartorius
- Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Faculty of Commerce, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - M Taylor
- Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - J Aagaard-Hansen
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark, and MRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - N Dukhi
- Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - C Day
- Health Systems Trust, Westville, South Africa
| | - N Ndlovu
- Health Systems Trust, Westville, South Africa
| | - R Slotow
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - K Hofman
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Identification of metabolic phenotypes in childhood obesity by 1H NMR metabolomics of blood plasma. Future Sci OA 2018; 4:FSO310. [PMID: 30057787 PMCID: PMC6060399 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2017-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To identify the plasma metabolic profile associated with childhood obesity and its metabolic phenotypes. Materials & methods: The plasma metabolic profile of 65 obese and 37 normal-weight children was obtained using proton NMR spectroscopy. NMR spectra were rationally divided into 110 integration regions, which reflect relative metabolite concentrations, and were used as statistical variables. Results: Obese children show increased levels of lipids, N-acetyl glycoproteins, and lactate, and decreased levels of several amino acids, α-ketoglutarate, glucose, citrate, and cholinated phospholipids as compared with normal-weight children. Metabolically healthy children show lower levels of lipids and lactate, and higher levels of several amino acids and cholinated phospholipids, as compared with unhealthy children. Conclusion: This study reveals new valuable findings in the field of metabolomics and childhood obesity. Although validation should be performed, the proof of principle looks promising and justifies a deeper investigation of the diagnostic possibilities of proton NMR metabolomics in follow-up studies. Trial registration: NCT03014856. Registered January 9, 2017.
The plasma metabolic profile of childhood obesity and its metabolic phenotypes was identified using untargeted proton NMR spectroscopy combined with multivariate statistics. Obese children show increased plasma levels of lipids, N-acetyl glycoproteins and lactate, next to decreased levels of several amino acids, α-ketoglutarate, glucose, citrate and cholinated phospholipids as compared with normal-weight children. In addition, the metabolic profile of healthy and unhealthy obese children could be discriminated and although further validation should be performed, these findings might pave the way to a detailed diagnostic metabolic signature in children.
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Association between body mass index and individual characteristics and the school context: a multilevel study with Portuguese children. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2018; 94:313-319. [PMID: 28888899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the association between individual and school context characteristics with the body mass index of Portuguese children. METHODS The sample comprised 1641 children (847 boys) aged 6-10 years from the North and Central regions of Portugal. Regarding the individual characteristics, age, gender, city of residence, levels of physical activity, and physical fitness were assessed. Concerning the school context characteristics, the surrounding environment, school size, presence of recreational characteristics and space, and presence of a sports court and of physical education classes were considered. Children's body mass index was the dependent variable. The multilevel analysis was carried out in HLM 7.0 software. RESULTS The predictors of the child and the school context explained, respectively, 97.3% and 2.7% of the total body mass index variance. Regarding the individual characteristics, older children, boys, and those who had lower performance at the 1-mile run/walk, curl-up, push-up, and higher performance in trunk lift tests showed higher BMI. Further, urban schools with higher recreational spaces were positively associated with children's body mass index. CONCLUSION School context variables have a reduced effect on body mass index variation compared to the children's biological and behavioral characteristics. The authors therefore encourage strategies that aim to increasing children's physical fitness levels to help prevent excess weight.
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Association between body mass index and individual characteristics and the school context: a multilevel study with Portuguese children. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Bussiek PBV, De Poli C, Bevan G. A scoping review protocol to map the evidence on interventions to prevent overweight and obesity in children. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e019311. [PMID: 29444784 PMCID: PMC5829943 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity has become one of the biggest public health problems of the 21st century. Prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has increased dramatically worldwide over the last 20 years, and this trend is expected to continue. Obesity in childhood is concerning as it predicts obesity in adulthood, a common risk factor for a wide array of chronic diseases and poor health outcomes. Obesity is preventable and a vast but fragmented body of evidence on preventative interventions is now available. This article outlines the protocol for a scoping review of published literature reviews on interventions to prevent obesity in children. The scoping review addresses the broad research question 'What is the evidence on interventions to prevent childhood obesity?'. It aims to give an overview of the various interventions available, understand those which are effective and identify barriers and facilitators to their effectiveness. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The six-staged Arksey and O'Malley methodology framework is used to guide the scoping review process: following the definition of the research questions (stage 1); the eligibility criteria and search strategy are defined (stage 2); the study selection process based on the eligibility criteria identified will follow (stage 3); a framework developed for this review will then inform the extraction and charting of data from the included reviews (stage 4); results will be aggregated and summarised with criteria relevant for health professionals and policy-makers (stage 5); and the optional consultation (stage 6) exercise is not planned. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Since the scoping review methodology aims at synthetising information from available publications, this study does not require ethical approval. An article reporting the results of the scoping review will be submitted for publication to a scientific journal, presented at relevant conferences and disseminated as part of future workshops with professionals involved in obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara De Poli
- Department of Management, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Gwyn Bevan
- Department of Management, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
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Aceves-Martins M, Whitehead R, Inchley J, Giralt M, Currie C, Solà R. Self-reported weight and predictors of missing responses in youth. Nutrition 2018; 53:54-58. [PMID: 29655778 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of the present manuscript are to analyse self-reported data on weight, including the missing data, from the 2014 Scottish Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) Study, and to investigate whether behavioural factors related with overweight and obesity, namely dietary habits, physical activity and sedentary behaviour, are associated with weight non-response. RESEARCH METHODS & PROCEDURES 10839 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds participated in the cross-national 2014 Scottish HBSC Study. Weight missing data was evaluated using Little's Missing Completely at Random (MCAR) test. Afterwards, a fitted multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine all possible multivariate associations between weight response and each of the behavioural factors related with obesity. RESULTS 58.9% of self-reported weight was missing, not at random (MCAR p < 0.001). Weight was self-reported less frequently by girls (19.2%) than by boys (21.9%). Participants who reported low physical activity (OR 1.2, p < 0.001), low vegetable consumption (OR 1.24, p < 0.001) and high computer gaming on weekdays (OR 1.18, p = 0.003) were more likely to not report their weight. CONCLUSIONS There are groups of young people in Scotland who are less likely to report their weight. Their weight status may be of the greatest concern because of their poorer health profile, based on key behaviours associated with their non-response. Furthermore, knowing the value of a healthy weight and reinforcing healthy lifestyle messages may help raise youth awareness of how diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviours can influence weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magaly Aceves-Martins
- Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, Medical and Biological Sciences Building, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, United Kingdom; Health Education and Promotion, Medicine and Surgery Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (Tarragona), Spain; Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Research Group (NFOC-Salut), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (Tarragona), Spain.
| | - Ross Whitehead
- Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, Medical and Biological Sciences Building, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jo Inchley
- Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, Medical and Biological Sciences Building, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Montse Giralt
- Health Education and Promotion, Medicine and Surgery Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (Tarragona), Spain; Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Research Group (NFOC-Salut), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (Tarragona), Spain
| | - Candace Currie
- Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, Medical and Biological Sciences Building, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa Solà
- Health Education and Promotion, Medicine and Surgery Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (Tarragona), Spain; Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Research Group (NFOC-Salut), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (Tarragona), Spain
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Buscot MJ, Thomson RJ, Juonala M, Sabin MA, Burgner DP, Lehtimäki T, Hutri-Kähönen N, Viikari JSA, Jokinen E, Tossavainen P, Laitinen T, Raitakari OT, Magnussen CG. BMI Trajectories Associated With Resolution of Elevated Youth BMI and Incident Adult Obesity. Pediatrics 2018; 141:peds.2017-2003. [PMID: 29259077 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Youth with high BMI who become nonobese adults have the same cardiovascular risk factor burden as those who were never obese. However, the early-life BMI trajectories for overweight or obese youth who avoid becoming obese adults have not been described. We aimed to determine and compare the young-childhood BMI trajectories of participants according to their BMI status in youth and adulthood. METHODS Bayesian hierarchical piecewise regression modeling was used to analyze the BMI trajectories of 2717 young adults who had up to 8 measures of BMI from childhood (ages 3-18 years) to adulthood (ages 34-49 years). RESULTS Compared with those with persistently high BMI, those who resolved their high youth BMI by adulthood had lower average BMI at age 6 years and slower rates of BMI change from young childhood. In addition, their BMI levels started to plateau at 16 years old for females and 21 years old for males, whereas the BMI of those whose high BMI persisted did not stabilize until 25 years old for male subjects and 27 years for female subjects. Compared with those youth who were not overweight or obese and who remained nonobese in adulthood, those who developed obesity had a higher BMI rate of change from 6 years old, and their BMI continued to increase linearly until age 30 years. CONCLUSIONS Efforts to alter BMI trajectories for adult obesity should ideally commence before age 6 years. The natural resolution of high BMI starts in adolescence for males and early adulthood for females, suggesting a critical window for secondary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Jeanne Buscot
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia;
| | - Russell J Thomson
- Centre for Research in Mathematics, School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Markus Juonala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine and.,Departments of Medicine and.,Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Matthew A Sabin
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David P Burgner
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Fimlab Laboratories Ltd, Tampere, Finland.,Departments of Clinical Chemistry and
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Eero Jokinen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paivi Tossavainen
- Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; and
| | - Tomi Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine and.,Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine and
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Thurston IB, Sonneville KR, Milliren CE, Kamody RC, Gooding HC, Richmond TK. Cross-sectional and Prospective Examination of Weight Misperception and Depressive Symptoms Among Youth with Overweight and Obesity. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2017; 18:152-163. [PMID: 27682272 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-016-0714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to determine the association between weight misperception (considering oneself average or underweight) and depressive symptoms among youth with overweight/obesity. Linear regression models (adjusted for age, BMI, parental education, percent poverty) were used to examine cross-sectional (wave II, 1996, n = 3898, M age = 15.9, SD = 0.13) and longitudinal (from wave II to IV, 1996-2008/2009, n = 2738, M age = 28.5, SD = 0.06) associations between weight misperception and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale) in a subsample of White, Black, Asian, Hispanic, and Multi-racial male and female youth with overweight/obesity participating in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Average BMI was 29.0 (0.16) at wave II and 35.7 (0.23) at wave IV. Thirty-two percent misperceived their weight status as average weight (n = 1151, 30 %) or underweight (n = 99, 3 %). In fully adjusted cross-sectional models, White (β = -1.92, 95 % CI = -2.79, -1.06) and Multi-racial (β = -4.43, 95 % CI = -6.90, -1.95) youth who perceived themselves as average weight had significantly lower depressive symptoms compared to accurate weight-perceivers. In fully adjusted longitudinal models, White youth (β = -0.41, 95 % CI = -0.81, -0.004) who perceived themselves as average weight had significantly lower depressive symptoms 12 years later. Findings suggest that weight misperception may be protective against depression among White adolescents and young adults with overweight/obesity. Clinical and population interventions should consider potential harmful effects of correcting weight misperceptions on the mental health of youth with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idia B Thurston
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, 310 Psychology Building, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA.
| | - Kendrin R Sonneville
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carly E Milliren
- Clinical Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca C Kamody
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, 310 Psychology Building, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA
| | - Holly C Gooding
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tracy K Richmond
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Loeb KL, Radnitz C, Keller K, Schwartz MB, Marcus S, Pierson RN, Shannon M, DeLaurentis D. The application of defaults to optimize parents' health-based choices for children. Appetite 2017; 113:368-375. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Pearson N, Griffiths P, Biddle SJ, Johnston JP, McGeorge S, Haycraft E. Clustering and correlates of screen-time and eating behaviours among young adolescents. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:533. [PMID: 28569188 PMCID: PMC5452360 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4441-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Screen-time and eating behaviours are associated in adolescents, but few studies have examined the clustering of these health behaviours in this age group. The identification of clustered health behaviours, and influences on adolescents’ clustered health behaviours, at the time when they are most likely to become habitual, is important for intervention design. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and clustering of health behaviours in adolescents, and examine the sociodemographic, individual, behavioural, and home social and physical environmental correlates of clustered health behaviours. Methods Adolescents aged 11–12 years (n = 527, 48% boys) completed a questionnaire during class-time which assessed screen-time (ST), fruit and vegetable (FV), and energy-dense (ED) snack consumption using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Health behaviours were categorised into high and low frequencies based on recommendations for FV and ST and median splits for ED snacks. Adolescents reported on their habits, self-efficacy, eating at the television (TV), eating and watching TV together with parents, restrictive parenting practices, and the availability and accessibility of foods within the home. Behavioural clustering was assessed using an observed over expected ratio (O/E). Correlates of clustered behaviours were examined using multivariate multinomial logistic regression. Results Approximately 70% reported having two or three health risk behaviours. Overall, O/E ratios were close to 1, which indicates clustering. The three risk behaviour combination of low FV, high ED, and high ST occurred more frequently than expected (O/E ratio = 1.06 95% CI 1.01, 1.15. Individual, behavioural, and social and physical home environmental correlates were differentially associated with behavioural clusters. Correlates consistently associated with clusters included eating ED snacks while watching TV, eating at the TV with parents, and the availability and accessibility of ED snack foods within the home. Conclusions There is a high prevalence of screen time and unhealthy eating, and screen time is coupled with unhealthy dietary behaviours. Strategies and policies are required that simultaneously address reductions in screen time and changes to habitual dietary patterns, such as TV snacking and snack availability and accessibility. These may require a combination of individual, social and environmental changes alongside conscious and more automatic (nudging) strategies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4441-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Pearson
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport & Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Paula Griffiths
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport & Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Stuart Jh Biddle
- Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julie P Johnston
- Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sonia McGeorge
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport & Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Emma Haycraft
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport & Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
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Kornet-van der Aa DA, Altenburg TM, van Randeraad-van der Zee CH, Chinapaw MJM. The effectiveness and promising strategies of obesity prevention and treatment programmes among adolescents from disadvantaged backgrounds: a systematic review. Obes Rev 2017; 18:581-593. [PMID: 28273680 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review aimed to summarize the evidence on the effectiveness of obesity prevention and treatment programmes for adolescents from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds. A secondary aim was to identify potential successful intervention strategies for this target group. PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library were searched from January 2000 up to February 2016. Intervention studies targeting adolescents from disadvantaged backgrounds were included, with body mass index as outcome. Secondary outcomes were other adiposity measures, physical activity, diet, sedentary behaviour and screen time. Two independent reviewers extracted data, coded intervention strategies and conducted quality assessments. Fourteen studies were included: nine obesity prevention and five obesity treatment studies. Two preventive and four treatment studies showed significant beneficial effects on body mass index. Five of six studies (four preventive, one treatment studies) measuring dietary behaviour reported significant intervention effects. Evidence on other secondary outcomes was inconclusive. We found no conclusive evidence for which specific intervention strategies were particularly successful in preventing or treating obesity among disadvantaged adolescents. However, the current evidence suggests that involving adolescents in the development and delivering of interventions, the use of experiential activities and involvement of parents seem to be promising strategies. More high quality studies are needed. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42016041612.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Kornet-van der Aa
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T M Altenburg
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C H van Randeraad-van der Zee
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M J M Chinapaw
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bibiloni MDM, Fernández-Blanco J, Pujol-Plana N, Martín-Galindo N, Fernández-Vallejo MM, Roca-Domingo M, Chamorro-Medina J, Tur JA. [Improving diet quality in children through a new nutritional education programme: INFADIMED]. GACETA SANITARIA 2017; 31:472-477. [PMID: 28410796 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the results of a nutritional education programme developed by using available local resources to improve diet quality and decrease overweight and obesity prevalence among children. METHOD A longitudinal intervention study by means of nutritional education (INFADIMED) in children (aged 3-7 years) from Vilafranca del Penedès (Barcelona, Spain), recruited from preschool centres and primary schools, with an intervention or INFADIMED group (n=319; 50.2% female) and a control group (n=880; 49.8% female). Weight, height and body mass index were measured in both groups at the beginning and at the end of the programme. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was also assessed using the KIDMED test. RESULTS Consumption of fruit or juices, vegetables, yogurt and/or cheese, pasta or rice, and nuts increased, while skipping breakfast, consumption of bakery products for breakfast, and/or consumption of sweets several times per day decreased in the INFADIMED group. INFADIMED also changed, from the beginning to the end of the study, the adherence to a Mediterranean diet: high (39.2% to 70.5%), acceptable (49.2% to 28.2%), and low (11.6% to 1.3%). Approximately 2.6% of the participants in the control group and 11.3% of the participants in the INFADIMED group who were overweight and obese changed to normal weight (odds ratio: 4.08; 95% confidence interval: 2.37-7.04). CONCLUSIONS INFADIMED is a nutritional education programme with benefits on both diet quality and overweight and obesity prevalence among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Mar Bibiloni
- Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición Comunitaria y Estrés Oxidativo, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, España; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | | | - Noemí Pujol-Plana
- Equipo de Atención Primaria Garraf-Rural, Sant Pere de Ribes, España
| | - Núria Martín-Galindo
- Equipo de Pediatría Territorial Alt Penedès-Garraf, VIlafranca del Penedès, España
| | | | | | | | - Josep A Tur
- Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición Comunitaria y Estrés Oxidativo, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, España; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España.
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38
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Kamin HS, Kertes DA. Cortisol and DHEA in development and psychopathology. Horm Behav 2017; 89:69-85. [PMID: 27979632 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and cortisol are the most abundant hormones of the human fetal and adult adrenals released as end products of a tightly coordinated endocrine response to stress. Together, they mediate short- and long-term stress responses and enable physiological and behavioral adjustments necessary for maintaining homeostasis. Detrimental effects of chronic or repeated elevations in cortisol on behavioral and emotional health are well documented. Evidence for actions of DHEA that offset or oppose those of cortisol has stimulated interest in examining their levels as a ratio, as an alternate index of adrenocortical activity and the net effects of cortisol. Such research necessitates a thorough understanding of the co-actions of these hormones on physiological functioning and in association with developmental outcomes. This review addresses the state of the science in understanding the role of DHEA, cortisol, and their ratio in typical development and developmental psychopathology. A rationale for studying DHEA and cortisol in concert is supported by physiological data on the coordinated synthesis and release of these hormones in the adrenal and by their opposing physiological actions. We then present evidence that researching cortisol and DHEA necessitates a developmental perspective. Age-related changes in DHEA and cortisol are described from the perinatal period through adolescence, along with observed associations of these hormones with developmental psychopathology. Along the way, we identify several major knowledge gaps in the role of DHEA in modulating cortisol in typical development and developmental psychopathology with implications for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley S Kamin
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Darlene A Kertes
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Morgan PJ, Young MD, Lloyd AB, Wang ML, Eather N, Miller A, Murtagh EM, Barnes AT, Pagoto SL. Involvement of Fathers in Pediatric Obesity Treatment and Prevention Trials: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics 2017; 139:peds.2016-2635. [PMID: 28130430 PMCID: PMC6200318 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-2635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Despite their important influence on child health, it is assumed that fathers are less likely than mothers to participate in pediatric obesity treatment and prevention research. OBJECTIVE This review investigated the involvement of fathers in obesity treatment and prevention programs targeting children and adolescents (0-18 years). DATA SOURCES A systematic review of English, peer-reviewed articles across 7 databases. Retrieved records included at least 1 search term from 2 groups: "participants" (eg, child*, parent*) and "outcomes": (eg, obes*, diet*). STUDY SELECTION Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing behavioral interventions to prevent or treat obesity in pediatric samples were eligible. Parents must have "actively participated" in the study. DATA EXTRACTION Two authors independently extracted data using a predefined template. RESULTS The search retrieved 213 eligible RCTs. Of the RCTs that limited participation to 1 parent only (n = 80), fathers represented only 6% of parents. In RCTs in which participation was open to both parents (n = 133), 92% did not report objective data on father involvement. No study characteristics moderated the level of father involvement, with fathers underrepresented across all study types. Only 4 studies (2%) suggested that a lack of fathers was a possible limitation. Two studies (1%) reported explicit attempts to increase father involvement. LIMITATIONS The review was limited to RCTs published in English peer-reviewed journals over a 10-year period. CONCLUSIONS Existing pediatric obesity treatment or prevention programs with parent involvement have not engaged fathers. Innovative strategies are needed to make participation more accessible and engaging for fathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J. Morgan
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia;,Address correspondence to Philip J. Morgan, PhD, Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, University Dr, Callaghan NSW, 2308, Australia. E-mail:
| | - Myles D. Young
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Adam B. Lloyd
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Monica L. Wang
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts;,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Narelle Eather
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Andrew Miller
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Elaine M. Murtagh
- Department of Arts Education and Physical Education, Mary Immaculate College, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; and
| | - Alyce T. Barnes
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Sherry L. Pagoto
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts
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Polfuss M, Simpson P, Neff Greenley R, Zhang L, Sawin KJ. Parental Feeding Behaviors and Weight-Related Concerns in Children With Special Needs. West J Nurs Res 2017; 39:1070-1093. [DOI: 10.1177/0193945916687994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Parental feeding behaviors and concern about child weight are associated with obesity among youth who are typically developing. Little is known about this relationship among parents of youth with special needs, despite these children having higher obesity risk. This study used an online survey to explore associations among parental feeding behaviors, parent weight concerns, demographics, and child weight status in a sample of 356 parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, spina bifida, and Down syndrome. Specific parental feeding behaviors were significantly related to the child’s weight and intensified when the parent was concerned about the child’s weight. Child’s diagnosis, family income, parent age, and parent gender influenced select feeding behaviors. Obesity has significant health ramifications and negatively affects an individual’s ability to self-manage, which is crucial in individuals with special needs. These findings present an opportunity for the health care community to educate and promote healthy feeding practices in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Polfuss
- University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee College of Nursing, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Liyun Zhang
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kathleen J. Sawin
- University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee College of Nursing, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Berlin KS, Kamody RC, Thurston IB, Banks GG, Rybak TM, Ferry RJ. Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviors, and Nutritional Risk Profiles and Relations to Body Mass Index, Obesity, and Overweight in Eighth Grade. Behav Med 2017; 43:31-39. [PMID: 25909358 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2015.1039956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this article was to determine (1) the existence of individually varying patterns of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and nutrition intake risk; and (2) how these risk-patterns relate to youth's demographics, Body mass index (BMI) and psychosocial functioning. Participants (N = 9,304) from the 2007 8th Grade Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Cohort completed the revised Self-Description Questionnaire II. Age, sex, height, and weight were used to calculate body mass index (BMI) z scores and percentiles. Three risk profiles emerged via Latent Profile Analyses: "Active + Healthy Diet" (AHD; 16.3% Obese); "Sedentary + Unbalanced Diet" (SUD; 21.3% Obese); and "Screen-Time + Recreational Food" (STRF; 25.0% Obese). Significant differences in BMIs, psychosocial factors, and demographic characteristics were found across the profiles. Differential patterns of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and nutritional choices were found to predict BMI and psychosocial functioning. These findings may be helpful to refine and develop modular-based prevention and weight control intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer S Berlin
- a The University of Memphis and University of Tennessee Health Science Center
| | | | - Idia B Thurston
- a The University of Memphis and University of Tennessee Health Science Center
| | | | | | - Robert J Ferry
- a The University of Memphis and University of Tennessee Health Science Center
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Ng HY. Acanthosis nigricans in obese adolescents: prevalence, impact, and management challenges. Adolesc Health Med Ther 2016; 8:1-10. [PMID: 28031729 PMCID: PMC5179206 DOI: 10.2147/ahmt.s103396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity in adolescence is a public health priority because it usually tracks into adulthood, resulting in enormous medical and social costs. This underscores the importance of early identification and intervention. Acanthosis nigricans (AN) was once considered a rare paraneoplastic dermatosis, but is now frequently observed in obese adolescents. Current understanding suggests that it is associated with insulin resistance and has a unique role in secondary prevention. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide a comprehensive overview of AN in obese adolescents, covering its history, current knowledge on the condition, its clinical significance, management challenges, and the direction of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak Yung Ng
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong, China
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Benítez-Porres J, Alvero-Cruz JR, Carrillo de Albornoz M, Correas-Gómez L, Barrera-Expósito J, Dorado-Guzmán M, Moore JB, Carnero EA. The Influence of 2-Year Changes in Physical Activity, Maturation, and Nutrition on Adiposity in Adolescent Youth. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162395. [PMID: 27607063 PMCID: PMC5015847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this longitudinal study was to explore temporal patterns of physical activity (PA) and adiposity in Spanish adolescents. Eighty healthy adolescents were followed over a 2-year period (42 girls and 38 boys). A PA score was estimated using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A). Adiposity was assessed by anthropometric measurements; body mass index (BMI) and fat mass percent (FMP) were calculated using standard equations. Sexual maturity was estimated by percentage of predicted adult stature. Dietary intake was assessed by a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire. Three assessments were performed: September 2011 (S1), 2012 (S2), and 2013 (S3). A repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted to examine temporal changes in PA and FMP and sex change in maturation categories (two factor mixed-design, 2x2x3). A stepwise linear regression was conducted in order to estimate the predictors of FMP change. Significant changes for FMP were found between S1, S2, and S3 (23.41±8.24 vs. 21.89±7.82 vs. 22.05±8.06, p<0.05; respectively); a significant interaction of FMP with sex was observed (F = 4.387, p<0.05 for S2-S3), but not for maturation. PA at S2 was significantly higher than S3 (2.58±0.72 vs. 2.29±0.73, p<0.001). An interaction between PA change and sex was statically significant (F = 4.889, p<0.05 for S2-S3). A reduction in PA was observed after the S2 period without changes in adiposity. In contrast, a significant reduction in FMP was seen between S1 and S2, while PA did not significantly change. There were no significant differences for nutritional variables between S1 and S3, and nutrition was not a determinant of the changes in PA or FMP. Our results suggest that body composition changes observed during adolescence are not driven by changes in PA. Moreover, the interaction analysis suggests that PA behavior is affected by sex, but is not modified by maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Benítez-Porres
- Biodynamic and Body Composition Laboratory, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Justin B. Moore
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Elvis A. Carnero
- Biodynamic and Body Composition Laboratory, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
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Benes D, Dowling J, Crawford S, Hayman LL. Social and Environmental Influences on Physical Activity Levels in Latina Adolescents. Public Health Nurs 2016; 34:101-111. [PMID: 27384961 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine social and environmental factors that affect moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in mid-adolescent Hispanic females. DESIGN AND SAMPLE Secondary data analysis to examine social and environmental level factors related to MVPA levels in (n = 897) mid-adolescent Hispanic females. MEASURES Data were retrieved from the National Survey of Children's Health (2011/12). Logistic regression was used to estimate associations for factors with MVPA. RESULTS Significant mid-adolescent predictors were English speaking, OR 1.64 (95% CI, 1.03-2.61); parental attendance of activities, OR 0.50 (95% CI, 0.31-0.81); peer support, OR 2.74 (95% CI, 1.75-4.29); supportive neighborhood, OR 1.52 (95% CI, 1.03-2.32); and safe school environment, OR 1.67 (95% CI, 1.01-2.74). CONCLUSION Findings highlight the need for the development of age and culturally appropriate interventions to aid the improvement of participation levels in MVPA among the Latina adolescent population. Additionally, findings suggest recommendations for policy and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Benes
- Nursing, Fitchburg State University, Fitchburg, Massachusetts
| | | | - Sybil Crawford
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Laura L Hayman
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
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The desired learning outcomes of school-based nutrition/physical activity health education. HEALTH EDUCATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1108/he-12-2014-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to utilise the collective opinion of a group of Finnish experts to identify the most important learning outcomes of secondary-level school-based health education, in the specific domains of physical activity and nutrition.
Design/methodology/approach
– The study uses a Delphi survey technique to collect the opinions of a group (panel) of Finnish experts. A list of learning outcomes was compiled via an extensive literature review of documents from all levels of health education (physical activity and nutrition) policy development and implementation. A general inductive analysis method was conducted, resulting in education themes which were then compiled into health literacy-constructed learning outcomes to present to the panel in the two Delphi rounds.
Findings
– The study question is answered in the form of a ranked list of the 24 most important learning outcomes of physical activity and nutrition education in Finnish schools. The analysis of variance pair-wise comparisons with Bonferroni indicated that six items were statistically possibly more important than the 18 others. The three most important items being: first, understand the importance of a varied and balanced diet; second, the ability to analyse their own lifestyle; third, understand the link between physical activity and health. The study also identified topics/themes which could be either under-represented or over-represented in the current literature and teaching.
Originality/value
– This study is the only one of its type, and researches an as yet unknown area of health education. The value of this study lies in its role in the further development of school health education, in terms of identifying the “most important” contemporary issues to teach in the classroom, and may also be used as a topic prioritisation and curriculum planning tool.
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Uys M, Broyles ST, E Draper C, Hendricks S, Rae D, Naidoo N, Katzmarzyk PT, Lambert EV. Perceived and objective neighborhood support for outside of school physical activity in South African children. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:462. [PMID: 27246104 PMCID: PMC4888208 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2860-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The neighborhood environment has the potential to influence children’s participation in physical activity. However, children’s outdoor play is controlled by parents to a great extent. This study aimed to investigate whether parents' perceptions of the neighborhood environment and the objectively measured neighborhood environment were associated with children's moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) outside of school hours; and to determine if these perceptions and objective measures of the neighborhood environment differ between high and low socio-economic status (SES) groups. Methods In total, 258 parents of 9–11 year-old children, recruited from the South African sample of the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE), completed a questionnaire concerning the family and neighborhood environment. Objective measures of the environment were also obtained using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Children wore an Actigraph (GT3X+) accelerometer for 7 days to measure levels of MVPA. Multilevel regression models were used to determine the association between the neighborhood environment and MVPA out of school hours. Results Parents’ perceptions of the neighborhood physical activity facilities were positively associated with children’s MVPA before school (β = 1.50 ± 0.51, p = 0.003). Objective measures of neighborhood safety and traffic risk were associated with children’s after-school MVPA (β = −2.72 ± 1.35, p = 0.044 and β = −2.63 ± 1.26, p = 0.038, respectively). These associations were significant in the low SES group (β = −3.38 ± 1.65, p = 0.040 and β = −3.76 ± 1.61, p = 0.020, respectively), but unrelated to MVPA in the high SES group. Conclusions This study found that several of the objective measures of the neighborhood environment were significantly associated with children’s outside-of-school MVPA, while most of the parents’ perceptions of the neighborhood environment were unrelated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Uys
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Boundary Road, Newlands, 7700, South Africa.
| | - Stephanie T Broyles
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, 70808, LA, USA
| | - Catherine E Draper
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Boundary Road, Newlands, 7700, South Africa
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Boundary Road, Newlands, 7700, South Africa
| | - Dale Rae
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Boundary Road, Newlands, 7700, South Africa
| | - Nirmala Naidoo
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, F45 Old Main Building, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, 7725, South Africa
| | - Peter T Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, 70808, LA, USA
| | - Estelle V Lambert
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Boundary Road, Newlands, 7700, South Africa
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Risk factors and co-morbidities in adolescent thromboembolism are different than those in younger children. Thromb Res 2016; 141:178-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Wilkie HJ, Standage M, Gillison FB, Cumming SP, Katzmarzyk PT. Multiple lifestyle behaviours and overweight and obesity among children aged 9-11 years: results from the UK site of the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010677. [PMID: 26911589 PMCID: PMC4769406 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to explore the independent associations between multiple lifestyle behaviours (physical activity, sleep, screen time (ST) and diet) and overweight and obesity in UK children. The second objective was to compare body mass index (BMI) z-score between children who meet health guidelines for each lifestyle behaviour and those who do not and to explore the impact of interactions between lifestyle behaviours on BMI z-score. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional study on children aged 9-11 years in the UK (n=374). OUTCOME MEASURES Participants were classified as overweight or obese using the WHO BMI cut-points. Moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and sleep duration were measured using an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer, whereas ST and dietary habits were assessed using questionnaires. Multilevel multiple logistic regression was employed to analyse associations between lifestyle behaviours and overweight/obesity. Participants were then categorised according to whether or not they met specific health criteria for MVPA, ST, sleep and diet. Multilevel multiple linear regression was used to compare these groupings on the outcome of BMI z-score and interactions were explored. RESULTS MVPA and longer sleep duration were associated with lower odds of overweight or obesity, whereas ST and a healthy diet score were associated with increased odds of overweight/obesity. No association was found for an unhealthy diet score. Meeting MVPA guidelines was significantly associated with a lower BMI z-score in all models, and significant two-way interactions were observed for physical activity and sleep, ST and sleep, and physical activity and diet. CONCLUSIONS MVPA, sleep and ST are important lifestyle behaviours associated with overweight/obesity among children. More research is required to confirm the role of diet on adiposity and such work would benefit from objective assessment. Overall, this work suggests that strategies aimed at improving compliance with health guidelines are needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01722500.
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Stanford J, Khubchandani J, Webb FJ, Lee J, Doldren M, Rathore M. Teacher and Friend Social Support: Association with Body Weight in African-American Adolescent Females. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2016; 2:358-64. [PMID: 26863465 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-014-0081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the direct and indirect ecological influences of teacher and friend social support on body weight and diet behaviors in African-American adolescent females. Using a quantitative, cross-sectional research design, a convenience sample of 182 urban African-American adolescent females (12-17 years old) completed a 39-item questionnaire. The questionnaire assessed perceived teacher social support, friend social support, nutrition self-efficacy, and diet behaviors (with internal reliability values of scale items: alpha = 0.74, 0.81, 0.77, and 0.69 respectively). Anthropometric assessments were conducted to measure height and weight to compute BMI. Majority of the participants were in middle or early high school (65 %) and were overweight or obese (57.7 %). Both teacher social support and friend social support demonstrated a positive, indirect influence on child weight status through nutrition self-efficacy and diet behaviors following two different and specific paths of influence. Diet behaviors, in turn, demonstrated a positive, direct effect on child weight status. In the structural model, teacher social support had the greatest effect on diet behaviors, demonstrating a direct, positive influence on diet behaviors (B = 0.421, p < 0.05), but its direct effect on nutrition self-efficacy was not significant. Friend social support demonstrated a positive, direct effect on nutrition self-efficacy (B = 0.227, p < 0.05), but its direct effect on diet behaviors was not statistically significant. The study's findings call for actively addressing the childhood obesity epidemic in the school environment by implementing health behavior change strategies at various social and ecological environmental levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fern J Webb
- University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
| | - Jenny Lee
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
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Fat Mass Centile Charts for Brazilian Children and Adolescents and the Identification of the Roles of Socioeconomic Status and Physical Fitness on Fat Mass Development. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:151. [PMID: 26805867 PMCID: PMC4772171 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents fat mass centile charts for Brazilian youth and investigates the roles of socioeconomic status and physical fitness (PF) on fat mass (FM) development. Two northeast Brazilian samples were used: a cross-sectional sample of 3659 (1921 girls) aged 8 to 16 years and a mixed-longitudinal series of cohorts (8-10, 10-12, 12-14, 14-16 years) with 250 boys and 250 girls. A measure of somatic maturity was used as a marker of biological maturation; PF comprised agility, explosive and static strength, and aerobic capacity. Socioeconomic status was based on school attended; public or private. Slaughter's anthropometric equations were used to estimate FM. Percentile charts was constructed using the LMS method. HLM (Hierarchical Linear Model) 7 software modeled FM changes, identifying inter-individual differences and their covariates. Girls and boys had different FM percentile values at each age; FM increased nonlinearly in both girls and boys. Higher PF levels reduced FM changes across time in both sexes. Sex-specific non-linear FM references were provided representing important tools for nutritionists, pediatriciann and educators. Physical fitness levels were found to act as a protective factor in FM increases. As such, we emphasize PF importance as a putative health marker and highlight the need for its systematic development across the school years.
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