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White RL, Sherson J, Young C, Noon T. The Value of an Informal Before-School Exercise Opportunity for Adolescent Girls Living in a Low-Socioeconomic Community. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2024. [PMID: 39118211 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is beneficial to physical, social, and emotional well-being, and schools are required to provide opportunities to engage in physical activity. While physical education and school sport have been extensively researched, little is known about the value of informal, unstructured, exercise opportunities. METHODS This study involved interviews with 19 adolescent girls who attended "extra" exercise opportunities provided by their school. The 3 opportunities were: (1) informal before-school exercise sessions at school, (2) before-school sport training, and (3) externally provided exercise sessions in a community setting during school hours. RESULTS Students perceived all opportunities as valuable with benefits to confidence, social well-being, and emotional well-being. The informal exercise sessions held greater benefits to confidence as confidence transferred from the physical activity context into the academic classroom more so than for those participating in sport. Social benefits were greater for those exercising before school as this opportunity created new relationships with teachers and with students from other classes and year groups. CONCLUSIONS The opportunity to engage in informal exercise with peers before school widened social networks, increased confidence, changed the overall school climate, and increased attendance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon Lee White
- Health and Physical Education, School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jamie Sherson
- Health and Physical Education, School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carmen Young
- Health and Physical Education, School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ted Noon
- New South Wales Department of Education, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Pachucki MC, Hoyt LT, Niu L, Carbonaro R, Tu HF, Sirard JR, Chandler G. Disentangling associations between pubertal development, healthy activity behaviors, and sex in adolescent social networks. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300715. [PMID: 38753625 PMCID: PMC11098364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
With the onset of puberty, youth begin to choose their social environments and develop health-promoting habits, making it a vital period to study social and biological factors contextually. An important question is how pubertal development and behaviors such as physical activity and sleep may be differentially linked with youths' friendships. Cross-sectional statistical network models that account for interpersonal dependence were used to estimate associations between three measures of pubertal development and youth friendships at two large US schools drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Whole-network models suggest that friendships are more likely between youth with similar levels of pubertal development, physical activity, and sleep. Sex-stratified models suggest that girls' friendships are more likely given a similar age at menarche. Attention to similar pubertal timing within friendship groups may offer inclusive opportunities for tailored developmental puberty education in ways that reduce stigma and improve health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Pachucki
- Department of Sociology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
- UMass Computational Social Science Institute, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lindsay Till Hoyt
- Department of Applied Developmental Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Li Niu
- Department of Applied Developmental Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Richard Carbonaro
- Department of Sociology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hsin Fei Tu
- Department of Sociology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John R. Sirard
- School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Genevieve Chandler
- Elaine Marieb College of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Müller N, Fallucchi F, Suhrcke M. Peer effects in weight-related behaviours of young people: A systematic literature review. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2024; 53:101354. [PMID: 38301414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Individual preferences and beliefs are perpetually shaped by environmental influences, with peers playing a key role in this dynamic process. Compelling evidence from qualitative and quantitative studies has highlighted the significant impact of peer influence on health-related decisions. This systematic literature review critically synthesises findings from 45 studies published between 2011 and 2022, providing a comprehensive understanding of the nature of peer effects on dietary, physical activity and sleep behaviours during youth. The majority of studies indicated that social norms drive directional changes in eating and physical activity. Yet, our analysis revealed a notable gap in exploring alternative mechanisms, including social comparison and social identity, despite their potential relevance. Studies, generally classified as moderate to high quality, predominantly relied on self-reported data, potentially affecting the validity and reliability of measures. Meta-regression analyses suggest a small, but significant association of sample size with the magnitude, sign and significance of the reported peer effects. Moreover, studies focusing on physical activity are more likely to report significant outcomes, whereas findings on peer influence on sleep-related studies tend to reveal less pronounced effects, compared to studies on dietary behaviours. Experimental designs do not appear to increase the likelihood of finding significant effects when compared to other study designs. In conclusion, this synthesis emphasises the need for further research into the underlying mechanisms on peer effects to better inform policy-makers in designing effective policies for improving weight-related behaviours in young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Müller
- Department of Living Conditions, Luxembourg Institute of Socio-economic Research, 11 Porte des Sciences, 4366 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, 4366 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | | | - Marc Suhrcke
- Department of Living Conditions, Luxembourg Institute of Socio-economic Research, 11 Porte des Sciences, 4366 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Centre for Health Economics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
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Arriola KJ, Merken TM, Bigger L, Haardörfer R, Hermstad A, Owolabi S, Daniel J, Kegler M. Understanding the relationship between social capital, health, and well-being in a southern rural population. J Rural Health 2024; 40:162-172. [PMID: 37438857 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Social capital is thought to contribute to health and well-being, but its application to a rural context is poorly understood. This study seeks to examine how different forms of social capital relate to health and well-being among rural residents and the extent to which race and degree of rurality moderates these relationships. METHODS Data from a population-based survey of 6 counties in rural Georgia (n = 1,385) are used. We examined 3 forms of social capital (diversity of interaction, civic engagement, and voting behavior) in relation to 3 health and well-being measures (overall life satisfaction, general health status, and 30-day physical health). FINDINGS Interacting with more diverse social networks was associated with higher overall life satisfaction for White but not Black participants (P ≤ .001). For those living in more rural communities, interacting with a more diverse social network was more strongly associated with greater general health as compared to those who lived "in town" (P ≤ .01). Greater civic engagement and voting behavior were associated with greater general health for White but not Black participants (Ps < .05). Likewise, voting in all 3 elections was associated with greater overall life satisfaction and fewer days of poor physical health for White but not Black participants (Ps ≤ .05). CONCLUSION Social capital may be associated with positive health and well-being among those living in rural areas, but it may vary by race and degree of community rurality, suggesting the need to further understand how social capital operates in a rural context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Jacob Arriola
- Department of Behavioral, Social and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tatenda Mangurenje Merken
- Department of Behavioral, Social and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lauren Bigger
- Department of Behavioral, Social and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Regine Haardörfer
- Department of Behavioral, Social and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - April Hermstad
- Department of Behavioral, Social and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shade Owolabi
- Department of Behavioral, Social and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jerry Daniel
- Master of Social Work Program, Albany State University, Albany, Georgia, USA
| | - Michelle Kegler
- Department of Behavioral, Social and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Park J, Jin IH, Jeon M. How Social Networks Influence Human Behavior: An Integrated Latent Space Approach for Differential Social Influence. PSYCHOMETRIKA 2023; 88:1529-1555. [PMID: 37740883 DOI: 10.1007/s11336-023-09934-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
How social networks influence human behavior has been an interesting topic in applied research. Existing methods often utilized scale-level behavioral data (e.g., total number of positive responses) to estimate the influence of a social network on human behavior. This study proposes a novel approach to studying social influence that utilizes item-level behavioral measures. Under the latent space modeling framework, we integrate the two latent spaces for respondents' social network data and item-level behavior measures into a single space we call 'interaction map'. The interaction map visualizes the association between the latent homophily among respondents and their item-level behaviors, revealing differential social influence effects across item-level behaviors. We also measure overall social influence by assessing the impact of the interaction map. We evaluate the properties of the proposed approach via extensive simulation studies and demonstrate the proposed approach with a real data in the context of studying how students' friendship network influences their participation in school activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Park
- Department of Applied Statistics, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ick Hoon Jin
- Department of Applied Statistics, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minjeong Jeon
- School of Education and Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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Fu W, Zhu Y, Wang J, Dong H. Parent–child conflict and friendship quality of Chinese adolescence: the mediating role of resilience. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Lee CT, Chen TW, Ubeda Herrera JJ, Yu YF, Strong C, Lin CY, Chang YH, Hsieh YP, Lin YC, Tsai MC. Dynamic weight status changes and peer lifestyles in early adolescence: A social network analysis on a longitudinal cohort of Taiwanese youth. Obes Res Clin Pract 2022; 16:470-475. [PMID: 36280575 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Friendship networks are relevant to adolescent weight status and lifestyle, but little is known about their relationship in an East Asian setting. Using a longitudinal cohort of Taiwanese adolescents, we studied how weight status and lifestyles might influence friendship. Simultaneously considering the influence of friendship networks, we further examined the effects of peers' lifestyles on the body weight status of adolescents. METHODS Data were retrieved from the first three waves of the Taiwan Youth Project (N = 2409; 51 % boys). Participants were asked to nominate their friends at school and to report their lifestyle factors (e.g. sleep habits, internet use, and athletic performance). Weight status was proxied by body mass index calculated from self-reported weight and height. Stochastic actor-based modeling was used for the friendship network analyses. RESULTS Considering network structure, adolescents selected friends based on similarities in weight status (β = 0.147 [standard error = 0.044], p < 0.001) and lifestyle factors, such as athletic performance (β = 0.181 [0.034], p < 0.001), internet use (β = 0.156 [0.039], p < 0.001), and social jetlag (β = 0.055 [ ± 0.022], p < 0.05). In the behavior dynamics model, we did not observe any peer influence on changes in adolescents' weight status. CONCLUSION These findings suggest a pervasive homophilic friendship selection explained by weight and lifestyle-based similarities, despite no evidence of peer influence on weight status. Stakeholders and care providers of adolescent health should be aware of the social network processes that underlie weight problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ting Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Wei Chen
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Josue Jaru Ubeda Herrera
- Department of Business Administration, College of Management, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Yu
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Carol Strong
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsuan Chang
- Institute of Gerontology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Hsieh
- Department of Social Work, College of Nursing and Professional Disciplines, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Yi-Ching Lin
- Department of Early Childhood and Family Education, College of Education, National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Che Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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8
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Piombo SE, Huh J, Valente TW. Adolescent Body Mass Index and Exposure to Peers with Overweight and Obesity: A Structural Equation Model Approach to Longitudinal Network Data. Child Obes 2022; 18:445-453. [PMID: 35108122 PMCID: PMC9529305 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2021.0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Considerable evidence has shown that social networks influence a wide variety of health behaviors. This study investigates whether having friends with overweight/obesity in one's social network (network exposure) can predict changes in body mass index (BMI) throughout high school in a diverse urban population of students. Methods: Racially and ethnically diverse students from five high schools in Los Angeles County were surveyed at four time points throughout high school from 2010 to 2013 (N = 2091). Surveys included questions on students' social networks, demographics, and health-related information. BMI and weight categories were calculated for all students who provided height and weight information (∼50%). A latent growth curve model was used to assess the growth trajectory of BMI and the time-varying effect of network exposure to friends with overweight/obesity while controlling for demographic covariates. Results: Hispanic students had a significantly higher initial BMI compared with non-Hispanic students (p < 0.01). There was a significant positive slope for time on BMI growth (p < 0.01). Greater personal network exposure to friends with overweight/obesity was associated with a significant 0.65-point average increase in BMI (p < 0.05) at the first follow-up time point (T2) and a significant 0.62-point average increase in BMI (p < 0.01) at the last follow-up (T4) while controlling for covariates. Conclusions: Using structural equation modeling to understand the relationship between BMI and social networks, we found that increased network exposure to peers with overweight/obesity is associated with higher individual BMI, demonstrating that friendships may influence adolescents' weight status over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Piombo
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jimi Huh
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas W. Valente
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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9
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Prochnow TM, Patterson MS, Meyer AR, Umstattd Meyer MR. Sport Participation Associations With Child Friend Selection and Physical Activity While at Summer Care Programs. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2022; 93:479-487. [PMID: 34252350 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1864261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Child physical activity (PA) declines during summer reducing PA-related health benefits. Summer care programs (e.g., Boys & Girls Clubs) can promote active play while providing opportunities for friendships. Sport participation is a positive influence on PA and social development. Purpose: This article investigates the role of sport participation in PA attainment, perceived skill competency, and social connection at a summer care program. Methods: Children self-reported PA, sport participation, and the names of up to five peers whom they played with most at the program at the start (T1; n = 100; M age = 9.94 years; SD = 1.34; 47% male) and end (T2; n = 77; M age = 9.83 years; SD = 1.46; 51% male) of summer. Network autocorrelation models were used to determine if child sport participation was significantly associated with those they played with at the program. Results:Children who reported sport participation reported significantly more PA than those who did not at T1, but not T2. Child sport participation was significantly related to that of the peers they said they spent time with while at the program for T1 (β = 0.07, p < .01), but not T2 (β = 0.06, p = .10). Additionally, PA (β = 0.08, p < .01; β = 0.07, p = .01) and skill competency (β = 0.11, p = .02; β = 0.15, p < .01) were significantly associated with sport participation at both time points. While sports participation was a key factor in child friendships at the start of summer, the program allowed children, regardless of sport participation, to become friends outside of sports. Conclusions: These results suggest summer care programs promote PA through play and provide opportunities for children to facilitate friendships regardless of sport participation.
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van den Broek N, de la Haye K, Veldhuis L, Verhagen M, Larsen JK, Vink JM, Burk WJ. Examining food intake similarities in adolescent best friend dyads using longitudinal Actor-Partner Interdependence Models. Appetite 2022; 175:106072. [PMID: 35500723 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about how adolescent best friends may affect each other's food intake. This study explored whether friendship selection and socialization mechanisms explained potential food intake similarities in adolescent reciprocated best friend dyads. We also tested whether socialization processes were moderated by dyad member's relative zBMI. Members of 145 same-gender best friendship dyads (56% female; Mage = 12.79; SDage = 0.61) reported on their intake of food obtained from home and from outside the home at the beginning and the end of the school year through food frequency questionnaires. Longitudinal Actor-Partner Interdependence Models results showed no indication of selection or socialization, and very limited evidence for the moderation of socialization processes by relative zBMI. These findings indicate that focusing on adolescent reciprocated best friends in dietary interventions may not be valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina van den Broek
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Kayla de la Haye
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Maaike Verhagen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Junilla K Larsen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M Vink
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - William J Burk
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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11
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Prochnow T, Umstattd Meyer MR, Pollack Porter K. I Play, You Play, We Play: Concurrent Activity at Play Streets. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2022; 93:53-63. [PMID: 32865475 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1792399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Despite multiple health benefits, many children and teens do not achieve recommended amounts of physical activity (PA). Temporary changes to the built environment like Play Streets, temporarily closing streets to create safe places to play, are one solution to encourage PA in summer months. Play Streets can promote social cohesion by creating opportunities for concurrent activity, being active in the same area simultaneously. This study assesses concurrent activity at Chicago PlayStreets. Methods: During summer 2018, the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) and iSOPARC mobile application were used to measure PA at PlayStreets (n = 11) organized by eight community partners. Odds ratios were used to determine odds of observing an individual as active when in the same target area as another individual, and when in the same target area as an active individual, separated by sex and age categories. Results: Presence of an active individual significantly increased odds of observing an individual as active for several sex and age stratifications. Specifically, presence of active children or an active male adult significantly increased odds of observing children and teens as active. In contrast, presence of another person alone was not shown to significantly increase odds of observing an individual as active, except in two instances when stratified by sex and age. Conclusions: Active male adults have a significant positive impact on activity levels at PlayStreets underlining the importance of engaged male figures. Additionally, findings suggest that active children can promote PA among other children at PlayStreets.
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12
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Prochnow T, Patterson MS, Bridges Hamilton CN, Umstattd Meyer MR. Summer Friends and Physical Activity: Social Network Effects on Child Self-Reported Physical Activity at Summer Care Programs. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2022; 49:10901981221076399. [PMID: 35227130 DOI: 10.1177/10901981221076399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Summer is a time of reduced physical activity (PA) for children; however, summer care programs (SCPs) can provide opportunities for children to be active and foster friendships. This study investigated associations between PA and friendship formation at SCPs. Children (ages 8-12 years) from two SCPs reported demographics, PA, and up to five friends at the program. Exponential random graph modeling determined significant factors associated with connections at each time point and between time points. PA was a significant factor in sending and maintaining friendship connections. A further understanding of the social dynamics which assist in the maintenance of PA behaviors during summer may improve the odds children engage in the recommended amounts of PA during this crucial time.
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13
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Wegemer CM. Service, Activism, and Friendships in High School: A Longitudinal Social Network Analysis of Peer Influence and Critical Beliefs. J Youth Adolesc 2022; 51:1-15. [PMID: 34894343 PMCID: PMC8665712 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-021-01549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Scholars acknowledge that friends shape youth civic engagement, but the relative contribution of peer influence and critical beliefs to civic behaviors has yet to be disaggregated. Informed by sociopolitical development and critical consciousness theories, the present study used longitudinal social network analysis to examine peer socialization and adolescents' awareness of systemic inequities in relation to participation in service and activist activities at a high school serving primarily low-income Latinx youth. Students were surveyed in May 2019 and May 2020 (N = 354; 51% female; in 2019, Mage = 15.9, age range 14.4 to 18.5). The results yielded evidence of peer influence on service activities, but not activism or perceptions of inequities. In contrast, adolescents' perception of inequities predicted their activist behavior, but not service, after controlling for network effects and individual covariates. The school provided scaffolding for service activities, but not activist activities, potentially explaining the salience of service participation in youth friendship networks.
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High school students’ friendship network, physical activity and residential locations – a stochastic actor based model. COMPUTATIONAL URBAN SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s43762-021-00014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEvidence shows that adolescents do not do enough physical activity (PA), which could contribute to childhood overweight and obesity. Studies have shown that both the built environment and social networks could influence adolescents’ PA, but more studies are needed to investigate their combined influence using longitudinal data. We used a stochastic actor-based model analyzing two waves of Add Health data to test if (1) home location has a significant influence on high school student’s friendships, and (2) the neighborhood built environment has a significant influence on high school student’s PA while controlling for friendship networks. The results indicate that students’ PA level emulated peers’ PA levels and students who lived closer together, increased the likelihood of forming friendships. However, the built environment variables that described adolescents’ residential neighborhoods did not show a significant influence on students’ PA dynamics. This study contributes to our understanding of the joint impacts of social networks and home location on adolescents’ friend networks and PA dynamics in urban settings.
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Laursen B, Veenstra R. Toward understanding the functions of peer influence: A summary and synthesis of recent empirical research. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2021; 31:889-907. [PMID: 34820944 PMCID: PMC8630732 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Compelling evidence demonstrates that peer influence is a pervasive force during adolescence, one that shapes adaptive and maladaptive attitudes and behaviors. This literature review focuses on factors that make adolescence a period of special vulnerability to peer influence. Herein, we advance the Influence-Compatibility Model, which integrates converging views about early adolescence as a period of increased conformity with evidence that peer influence functions to increase affiliate similarity. Together, these developmental forces smooth the establishment of friendships and integration into the peer group, promote interpersonal and intragroup compatibility, and eliminate differences that might result in social exclusion.
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Ybarra M, Barnett TA, Yu J, Van Hulst A, Drouin O, Kakinami L, Saint-Charles J, Henderson M. Personal Social Networks and Adiposity in Adolescents: A Feasibility Study. Child Obes 2021; 17:542-550. [PMID: 34264758 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2020.0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective: Weight-related behaviors are determined by multiple individual and contextual factors, with recent evidence implicating personal social networks (PSNs). Greater understanding of these relationships could help inform healthy weight promoting interventions. We conducted a feasibility study among youth at risk of obesity to document process outcomes, to discern relationships between PSN features and weight-related behaviors, and to generate hypotheses with respect to perceived social support (SS) and sex. Methods: Participants (egos) nominated up to 10 people (alters) with whom they discussed important matters. Egos reported their own and each alter's age, sex, body shape, lifestyle behaviors, relation, frequency of exercising with each alter, and of being encouraged by each alter to exercise. We examined relationships between PSN features and weight-related outcomes and explored the role of SS, using both correlational and linear regression analyses. Results: There were 45 participants (mean age 16.4 years) and body mass index z-score (zBMI) ranged from -1.2 to 3.9. There were few missing responses to PSN items; broad variation across most items, including SS scores, was reported. Correlations pointed to plausible relationships implicating PSN features and lifestyle behaviors. In exploratory analyses, network-based SS was positively associated with adiposity in girls and negatively associated in boys, while lifestyle role modelling was not associated with adiposity. Conclusions: Our findings support the feasibility of measuring the PSN in youth and the potential for using social network analysis to investigate social and behavioral mechanisms associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ybarra
- Research Center of Sainte Justine University Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tracie A Barnett
- Research Center of Sainte Justine University Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jennifer Yu
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Center Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Andraea Van Hulst
- Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivier Drouin
- Research Center of Sainte Justine University Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lisa Kakinami
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Concordia University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Johanne Saint-Charles
- Institut Santé et Société, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Henderson
- Research Center of Sainte Justine University Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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17
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Daza S, Kreuger LK. Agent-Based Models for Assessing Complex Statistical Models: An Example Evaluating Selection and Social Influence Estimates from SIENA. SOCIOLOGICAL METHODS & RESEARCH 2021; 50:1725-1762. [PMID: 34621095 PMCID: PMC8491991 DOI: 10.1177/0049124119826147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although agent-based models (ABMs) have been increasingly accepted in social sciences as a valid tool to formalize theory, propose mechanisms able to recreate regularities, and guide empirical research, we are not aware of any research using ABMs to assess the robustness of our statistical methods. We argue that ABMs can be extremely helpful to assess models when the phenomena under study are complex. As an example, we create an ABM to evaluate the estimation of selection and influence effects by SIENA, a stochastic actor-oriented model proposed by Tom A. B. Snijders and colleagues. It is a prominent network analysis method that has gained popularity during the last 10 years and been applied to estimate selection and influence for a broad range of behaviors and traits such as substance use, delinquency, violence, health, and educational attainment. However, we know little about the conditions for which this method is reliable or the particular biases it might have. The results from our analysis show that selection and influence are estimated by SIENA asymmetrically and that, with very simple assumptions, we can generate data where selection estimates are highly sensitive to misspecification, suggesting caution when interpreting SIENA analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Daza
- Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - L. Kurt Kreuger
- Center for the Study of Complex Systems, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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18
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Sarmiento OL, Rubio MA, King AC, Serrano N, Hino AAF, Hunter RF, Aguilar-Farias N, Parra DC, Salvo D, Jáuregui A, Lee RE, Kohl B. [El entorno construido en los programas diseñados para promover la actividad física entre las niñas, niños y jóvenes latinos que viven en Estados Unidos y América Latina]. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 5:e13345. [PMID: 34708530 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga L Sarmiento
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Abby C King
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School Medicine, Stanford, California, EE. UU.,Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School Medicine, Stanford, California, EE. UU
| | - Natalicio Serrano
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, San Luis, Misuri, EE. UU
| | - Adriano Akira F Hino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - Ruth F Hunter
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Reino Unido
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Departamento de Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Diana C Parra
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, San Luis, Misuri, EE. UU
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, San Luis, Misuri, EE. UU.,Departamento de Actividad Física y Estilos de Vida Saludables, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Alejandra Jáuregui
- Departamento de Actividad Física y Estilos de Vida Saludables, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Rebecca E Lee
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, EE. UU
| | - Bill Kohl
- School of Public Health in Austin Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences Michael and Susan Dell Center for Advancement of Health Living, Austin, Texas, EE. UU
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19
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Veenstra R, Laninga-Wijnen L. Peer network studies and interventions in adolescence. Curr Opin Psychol 2021; 44:157-163. [PMID: 34662775 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peer influence occurs across a wide variety of behavioral domains, which is an important reason for peer-led interventions: interventions in which peers are involved in the delivery of the program. These programs are promising in combatting undesirable behaviors (e.g. risk behavior) and promoting desirable behavior (e.g. healthy lifestyle), but it was shown recently that the effectiveness of these programs is modest at best and the mechanisms underlying programs' effectiveness are poorly understood. Research is needed that promotes understanding of the relative, cumulative, and interactive impacts of different types of peer relations and unpacks the various mechanisms underlying peer selection and influence. This has the potential to yield insights that advance theory and optimize peer-led interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Veenstra
- Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712, TS Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Lydia Laninga-Wijnen
- Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712, TS Groningen, the Netherlands
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20
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Correlations between Physical Activity Participation and the Environment in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Using Ecological Frameworks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179080. [PMID: 34501670 PMCID: PMC8430662 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) and sports are efficient ways to promote the young generation’s physical and mental health and development. This study expected to demonstrate the complexity of correlates associated with children’s and adolescents’ non-organized PA participation. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA), a systematic review and meta-analysis were applied. Seven electronic databases were systematically searched to identify eligible articles based on a series of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The internal validity of the systematic reviews thus identified was evaluated using a validated quality instrument. Calculations were produced in SPSS 27.0 and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.3. Thirty-nine eligible studies (N = 324,953) with moderate to high quality were included. No potential publication bias was detected using statistical analyses. The meta-analysis revealed that the overall ecological factors correlated positively with children and adolescents’ PA; the meta-analytic average of the correlations was (′r = 0.32, p < 0.001). Results from subgroup analysis indicated that theory-based influence factors achieved moderate effect with boys (′r = 0.37, p < 0.001) and girls (′r = 0.32, p < 0.001) in PA participation. Interestingly, higher correlations were found between ecological factors and twins’ PA participation (′r = 0.61, p = 0.001). Further, individual (′r = 0.32, p < 0.001), macro-, and chronosystems factors (′r = 0.50, p < 0.001) appeared slightly more influential than microsystems factors (′r = 0.28, p < 0.001) on children and adolescents’ PA participation. Although findings from the included studies covered were to some extent heterogeneous, it is possible to identify consistent correlates of PA in children and adolescents. The results supported that PA is a complex and multi-dimensional behavior, which is determined by numerous biological, psychological, sociocultural, and environmental factors. Future studies that focus on the integration effect of macrosystem and chronosystem environmental factors, and apply longitudinal designs and objective measurements are encouraged to further unfold the complexity of the ecological system and its implications in promoting children and adolescents’ PA participation.
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21
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Sarmiento OL, Rubio MA, King AC, Serrano N, Hino AAF, Hunter RF, Aguilar-Farias N, Parra DC, Salvo D, Jáuregui A, Lee RE, Kohl B. Built environment in programs to promote physical activity among Latino children and youth living in the United States and in Latin America. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 3:e13236. [PMID: 33825294 PMCID: PMC8365655 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To prevent obesity among Latino youth in the United States and Latin America, it is necessary to understand the specific context and interplay of physical activity (PA) and the built environment (BE). This paper aims to advance the research agenda of BE and PA for obesity prevention in Latin America and among Latino youth in the United States by (1) identifying environmental indicators to inform the design of interventions and policy, (2) identifying interdisciplinary methodological approaches for the study of the complex association between BE and PA, and (3) presenting case studies of PA-promoting BE programs. A group of U.S. and Latin American scientists collaboratively worked to propose innovative indicators of the BE, methodological approaches for the study of the complex association between BE and PA, and review case studies of PA-promoting BE programs in both regions. The results identified gaps in knowledge, proposed environmental indicators (e.g., landscape, street design, mobility patterns, and crime and safety), reviewed methodological approaches (social network analysis, citizen science methods), and case studies illustrating PA-promoting BE programs (i.e., play streets, active school transport, and school setting interventions). The obesity prevention among Latino and Latin American youth requires advanced research on BE and PA addressing context-specific priorities and exchanging lessons learned.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abby C King
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Natalicio Serrano
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Adriano Akira F Hino
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ruth F Hunter
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Diana C Parra
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis Scholar Institute of Public Health, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Physical Activity and Healthy Lifestyles, Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Jáuregui
- Department of Physical Activity and Healthy Lifestyles, Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Rebecca E Lee
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Bill Kohl
- School of Public Health in Austin Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences Michael and Susan Dell Center for Advancement of Health Living, Austin, Texas, USA
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22
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Foubister C, van Sluijs EMF, Vignoles A, Wilkinson P, Wilson ECF, Croxson CHD, Brown HE, Corder K. The school policy, social, and physical environment and change in adolescent physical activity: An exploratory analysis using the LASSO. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249328. [PMID: 33831061 PMCID: PMC8031174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined the association between the school policy, social and physical environment and change in adolescent physical activity (PA) and explored how sex and socioeconomic status modified potential associations. METHODS Data from the GoActive study were used for these analyses. Participants were adolescents (n = 1765, mean age±SD 13.2±0.4y) from the East of England, UK. Change in longitudinal accelerometer assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was the outcome. School policy, social and physical environment features (n = 267) were exposures. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator variable selection method (LASSO) was used to determine exposures most relevant to the outcome. Exposures selected by the LASSO were added to a multiple linear regression model with estimates of change in min/day of MVPA per 1-unit change in each exposure reported. Post-hoc analyses, exploring associations between change in variables selected by the LASSO and change in MVPA, were undertaken to further explain findings. FINDINGS No school policy or physical environment features were selected by the LASSO as predictors of change in MVPA. The LASSO selected two school social environment variables (participants asking a friend to do physical activity; friend asking a participant to do physical activity) as potential predictors of change in MVPA but no significant associations were found in subsequent linear regression models for all participants (β [95%CI] -1.01 [-2.73;0.71] and 0.65 [-2.17;0.87] min/day respectively). In the post-hoc analyses, for every unit increase in change in participants asking a friend to do PA and change in a friend asking participants to do PA, an increase in MVPA of 2.78 (1.55;4.02) and 1.80 (0.48;3.11) min/day was predicted respectively. CONCLUSIONS The school social environment is associated with PA during adolescence. Further exploration of how friendships during adolescence may be leveraged to support effective PA promotion in schools is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Campbell Foubister
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Esther M. F. van Sluijs
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Vignoles
- Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Wilkinson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Edward C. F. Wilson
- Health Economics Group, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline H. D. Croxson
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Elizabeth Brown
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten Corder
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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23
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Swoboda CM, Walker DM, Huerta T. Odds of Meeting Cancer Prevention Behavior Recommendations by Health Information Seeking Behavior: a Cross-Sectional HINTS Analysis. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2021; 36:56-64. [PMID: 31396847 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-019-01597-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
People who seek health information frequently may be more likely to meet health behavior goals; however, people use many different information sources. The purpose of this paper is to assess how different sources of health information influence likelihood of meeting cancer prevention behavior guidelines. Logistic regression of cross-sectional data from 6 years of the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) was conducted. Independent variables included first source of health information, gender, age, race, education level, income, cancer history, general health, and data year; dependent variables were fruit and vegetable intake, exercise, smoking, mammography, Pap test, and colon cancer screening. Those who seek health information from doctors, the internet, or publications had higher odds of meeting more cancer prevention guidelines than those who do not seek health information. Those who used healthcare providers as an initial information source had higher odds of meeting diet, cervical, and colon cancer screening recommendations, while using the internet as an initial source of health information was associated with higher odds of meeting diet, smoking, and colon cancer screening recommendations. No health information source was associated with meeting either exercise or mammography recommendations. People should be encouraged to seek health information to help them meet their behavior goals, especially from sources that are more likely to be accurate and encourage cancer prevention behavior. Future research is needed to understand the accuracy of health information and what kinds of health information have positive influences on cancer prevention behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Swoboda
- The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking, College of Medicine, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, 460 Medical Center Drive, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Daniel M Walker
- The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking, College of Medicine, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, 460 Medical Center Drive, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, 460 Medical Center Drive, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, 460 Medical Center Drive, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Timothy Huerta
- The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking, College of Medicine, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, 460 Medical Center Drive, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, 460 Medical Center Drive, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, 460 Medical Center Drive, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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24
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Lisboa T, Silva WRD, Silva DAS, Felden ÉPG, Pelegrini A, Lopes JDJD, Beltrame TS. Social support from family and friends for physical activity in adolescence: analysis with structural equation modeling. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2021; 37:e00196819. [PMID: 33440413 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00196819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Social support is an important predictor for the maintenance of physical activity in adolescence. Thus, the social-ecological approach values the impact of individuals or groups interaction with available resources in the social environment for adopting an active lifestyle. This study analyzes social support from family and friends for adolescents to practice physical activity. Guided by the Social-Ecological Theory, an observational cross-sectional structural equations modeling was applied to 2,710 Brazilians adolescents aged from 14 to 18 years. We identified that the greater the social support from friends (β = 0.30; RMSEA = 0.065; CFI = 0.953; TLI = 0.922; SRMR = 0.048) and family, the greater the adolescents physical activity (β = 0.27; RMSEA = 0.015; CFI = 0.997; TLI = 0.995; SRMR = 0.013). However, support from both sources indicated no adequate adjustment values in the same study model. Our findings suggest that adolescents who perceive social support from family members or friends practice more physical activity, confirming that social support is important for physical activity promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tailine Lisboa
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brasil
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25
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van Woerden I, Hruschka D, Brewis A, Schaefer DR, Bruening M. First-year college students' weight change is influenced by their randomly assigned roommates' BMI. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242681. [PMID: 33232356 PMCID: PMC7685435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is ongoing debate about whether friends' greater similarity in Body Mass Index (BMI) than non-friends is due to friend selection, shared environments, or peer influence. METHODS First-year college students (n = 104) from a southwestern U.S. university were randomly assigned roommates during the university's housing process, effectively removing friend selection effects. Participant BMI was measured up to four times (T1-T4) across 2015-2016. The influence of roommate baseline BMI (T1) on change in participant BMI over time (T2-T4) was analyzed using a linear mixed effects model adjusted for individual socio-demographics, linear time trends, baseline BMI, and physical clustering of students. A sensitivity analysis examining floormates was also conducted. RESULTS Consistent with roommate influence, participants randomized to roommates with a higher BMI gained more weight between times T2 and T4 (β = 0.06; 95% CI = 0.02, 0.10). No shared environment effects (shared campus or floor) were found. CONCLUSIONS Randomly assigned roommates influenced each other's weight trajectories. This clarifies that BMI convergence can occur outside of friend selection or shared environments mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene van Woerden
- Department of Community and Public Health, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, United States of America
| | - Daniel Hruschka
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Brewis
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | - David R. Schaefer
- Department of Sociology, University of California–Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Meg Bruening
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
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26
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Network Effects on Adolescents' Perceived Barriers to Physical Activity. J Phys Act Health 2020; 17:889-894. [PMID: 32788418 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2019-0655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent physical activity (PA) is widely linked to positive health outcomes. Unfortunately, 80% of adolescents do not meet recommendations, which may be due to perceived barriers to PA. Peer interactions significantly affect adolescent PA behaviors. This study aims to analyze distribution of PA barriers throughout adolescent friendship networks and barriers' associations with PA. METHODS Adolescents (N = 383, mean = 10.77 y, SD = 1.30 y, 51.4% male) reported frequency of experiencing PA barriers (body related, social, fitness, convenience, and resource) and names of their friends. Average steps and minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA per day were measured using accelerometers. Linear network autocorrelation models determined if friends perceived barriers similarly when compared with nonfriends and analyzed relationships between barriers and objective PA measures while controlling for network effects. RESULTS Moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA, steps per day, body-related barriers, and social barriers displayed significant network effects, suggesting significant association with the scores of their friends. Average steps per day were significantly associated with age, sex, and social barriers, while inversely associated with fitness barriers. CONCLUSIONS This research suggests adolescents' perceived PA barriers are significantly associated with those of their friends. Researchers and practitioners aiming to reduce barriers to PA among adolescents may wish to assess peer reinforcing effects.
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Effects of a Physical Activity Program Potentiated with ICTs on the Formation and Dissolution of Friendship Networks of Children in a Middle-Income Country. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165796. [PMID: 32796502 PMCID: PMC7459696 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper assesses the potential cohesion effect of a physical activity (PA) school-based intervention potentiated using text messages (SMS) through analyzing longitudinally the friendship network structure and the mechanisms of the formation and dissolution of friendships. Three schools (n = 125 participants) in Bogotá, Colombia, were randomly assigned into three groups: Modulo Activo Recreo Activo (MARA) + SMS (networks 1 and 2), MARA (networks 3 and 4), and control (no intervention: networks 5–7). We collected socio-economic, health-related, network structure, and intervention satisfaction variables in the baseline and after 10 weeks on July–November 2013. For each classroom network, we conducted four models using a temporal and static network approach to assess (1) temporal social network changes, (2) friendship homophily, (3) friendship formation and dissolution mechanisms, and (4) effect of SMS on the networks’ cohesion. We found that (1) social cohesion emerged in the four intervened networks that were measured over time with transitivity and homophily driven by clustering, (2) the intervention affected the mechanisms of friendship formation and dissolution, and (3) MARA + SMS on average created more social cohesion and 3.8 more friendships than the program alone. Potentially, school-based interventions with information and communication technologies (ICT) such as MARA + SMS could encourage social cohesion among children. The particular characteristics of each school network need to be considered when developing school-based interventions.
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Jacobs W, Merianos AL, Lee Smith M, Nabors L, Fajayan A, Valente TW. Examining the Role of Weight Status and Individual Attributes on Adolescent Social Relations. J Adolesc Health 2020; 67:108-114. [PMID: 32171602 PMCID: PMC7311236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Weight stigmatization during adolescence may compromise the development of social relations important for the development. This study examined the associations between weight status and likelihood of nomination (indegree) for five different social network types-friendship, romantic, admiration, succeed, and popularity. METHODS Data for the study were from 1,110 tenth grade students (aged 11-19 years) from four high schools in one Los Angeles school district in 2010. Multiple Poisson regression analyses using generalized linear model were conducted to examine the relationship between weight status (underweight/normal weight/overweight measured with body mass index calculated from self-reported height and weight) and adolescents' indegree for the five different networks. RESULTS Obese adolescents were significantly less likely to be nominated as romantic interest (odds ratio [OR]: .29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: .19-42), admired (OR: .80, 95% CI: .65-.97), or popular (OR: .71, 95% CI: .57-.88) compared with their normal weight peers. Overweight adolescents were also less likely to be nominated as a romantic interest (OR: .57, 95% CI: .42-.78) or popular (OR: .67, 95% CI: .53-.84) compared with those who were normal weight. Underweight adolescents were also less likely to be nominated as friends (OR: .76, 95% CI: .60-98), someone admired (OR: .61, 95% CI: .42-.89), likely to succeed (OR: .62, 95% CI: .44-.87), or popular (OR: .40, 95% CI: .25-.64). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest weight status is associated with being selected by peers into different types of adolescent networks. Underweight, overweight, and obese adolescents are at an increased risk for social isolation because of their weight. This may have a negative impact on their peer relations important for social development, self-esteem, and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wura Jacobs
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University Stanislaus, Turlock, California.
| | - Ashley L Merianos
- School of Human Services, College of Education, Criminal Justice, and Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Matthew Lee Smith
- Center for Population Health and Aging, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Laura Nabors
- School of Human Services, College of Education, Criminal Justice, and Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Alane Fajayan
- Department of Public Health, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, California
| | - Thomas W Valente
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Martin MA, Thomas T, Adler GJ, Kreager DA. Are Feminine Body Weight Norms Different for Black Students or in Black Schools? Girls' Weight-Related Peer Acceptance across Racialized School Contexts. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2020; 61:239-258. [PMID: 32506964 PMCID: PMC8059344 DOI: 10.1177/0022146520920599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent girls with overweight or obesity are less socially integrated than their thinner peers. We examine racial-ethnic differences in girls' weight-related friendship patterns, especially noting Black-white distinctions given their different norms about the ideal feminine form. We also test whether schools with more Black students see diminished weight-related differences in peer integration for all girls and/or for Black girls. Using 1994-1995 data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we predict the number of friendship nominations girls receive conditional on their weight status, race-ethnicity, and school's racial composition. Both white and Black girls with overweight or obesity are less integrated than their thinner peers regardless of the school's Black enrollment rate. Hispanic girls with overweight are more integrated than white girls with overweight, particularly in schools with low Black enrollments. The relative consistency of girls' weight-related friendship patterns demonstrates the ubiquity of dominant feminine thinness norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A. Martin
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, Pennsylvania State University
| | - Tori Thomas
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, Pennsylvania State University
| | - Gary J. Adler
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, Pennsylvania State University
| | - Derek A. Kreager
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, Pennsylvania State University
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Neither influence nor selection: Examining co-evolution of political orientation and social networks in the NetSense and NetHealth studies. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233458. [PMID: 32470078 PMCID: PMC7259602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Political orientation is one of the most important and consequential individual attributes studied by social scientists. Yet, we know relatively little about the temporal evolution of political orientation, especially at periods in the life course during which individuals are forming new social relationships and transitioning to new relational contexts. Here we use Stochastic Actor-Oriented models (SAOMs) to examine the co-evolution of political orientation and social networks using two feature-rich, temporal network datasets from samples of students making the transition to college at the University of Notre Dame (i.e. the NetSense and NetHealth studies). Overall, we find a great deal of stability in political orientation, with a slight tendency for the 2011 NetSense study participants to become more conservative during their first four semesters in college, but not the 2015 NetHealth study participants. Partisanship is the best predictor of changes in political orientation, with students who identify or vote as Republicans becoming more conservative over time. Neither network influence nor selection processes seem to be driving observed changes. During this formative period, relatively stable identities such as party affiliation predict changes in political orientation independently of local network dynamics, selection processes, socio-demographic traits, and dispositional factors.
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31
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van Woerden I, Brewis A, Hruschka D, Dunton G, Adams MA, Bruening M. Young adults' BMI and changes in romantic relationship status during the first semester of college. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230806. [PMID: 32214397 PMCID: PMC7098573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Identify how higher Body Mass Index (BMI) and weight discrimination are associated with romantic relationship formation and termination in young adults, and if the association was consistent for males and females. Methods First-year students (N = 1096) at entry to university (Time 1) provided BMI and self-reports of weight discrimination and romantic relationship status (in a relationship vs single); 550 were successfully resampled four months later (Time 2). Logistic generalized estimating equations (GEEs) examined if Time 1 relationship status was predicted by BMI and weight discrimination. Logistic GEEs were used to determine if Time 1 BMI and weight discrimination predicted Time 2 relationship status for the strata of students in, and out, of a relationship at Time 1. Results At baseline, students were less likely to be in a relationship if they had a higher BMI (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.92, 0.96) or reported weight discrimination (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.53, 0.90). When stratified by gender, the association between higher BMI and weight discrimination with relationship status was only observed for females. Longitudinally, a BMI-based selection effect was observed for romantic relationship formation, but not termination. Of the students who were single at Time 1, each one unit higher baseline BMI decreased the odds of the student transitioning to a relationship by 9% at Time 2 (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.85, 0.96). When stratified by gender the association of higher BMI decreased odds of relationship formation was only significant for females. No weight discrimination differences for selection in or out of a romantic relationship were observed. Conclusions These findings suggest a weight-related selection effect for romantic relationship initiation, but not termination, in young female adults with lower BMIs. Weight discrimination was not associated with romantic relationship initiation or termination in this sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene van Woerden
- College of Nursing, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Brewis
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Daniel Hruschka
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Genevieve Dunton
- Institute for Health Promotion & Disease Prevention, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Marc A. Adams
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Meg Bruening
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Smith NR, Zivich PN, Frerichs L. Social Influences on Obesity: Current Knowledge, Emerging Methods, and Directions for Future Research and Practice. Curr Nutr Rep 2020; 9:31-41. [PMID: 31960341 PMCID: PMC7033640 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-020-00302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Individuals tend to be socially connected with those of similar weight and obesity status. To inform future research and intervention development, we reviewed recent literature examining social influences on weight with a focus on mechanisms of social influence, populations studied, and emerging analytical methods. RECENT FINDINGS Social networks appear to influence weight gain and weight loss. It remains unclear what underlying mechanisms (e.g., social norms, social comparison, behavioral modeling) drive this relationship. Stochastic actor-oriented modeling is an important method in the field, but other work has leveraged natural experiment or randomized designs to study social influence. Future networks and obesity research should examine social influence mechanisms, focus on diverse populations across the life course, and carefully consider how to adequately control for competing factors of social selection and physical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie R Smith
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paul N Zivich
- Carolina Population Center, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Leah Frerichs
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Hoyt LT, Niu L, Pachucki MC, Chaku N. Timing of puberty in boys and girls: Implications for population health. SSM Popul Health 2020; 10:100549. [PMID: 32099893 PMCID: PMC7030995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Puberty is marked by substantial increases and emerging sex differences in psychological disorders and risky behaviors. However, few studies have examined these effects beyond adolescence, and the previous literature has been dominated by samples of White girls. The current study examines the broadest known set of health sequelae related to traditional pubertal markers and peer-relative pubertal timing in a representative sample of 14,545 U.S. youth from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Maturational timing was assessed by age at menarche for girls and physical development for boys (e.g., facial hair, voice change), and then categorized as early (1 SD below mean), on-time, or late (1 SD above mean) within-sex. Early and late peer-relative timing was assessed by a self-report of looking “much older” or “much younger” than one's peers. We examined psychological (depressive symptoms, antisocial behavior), behavioral (number of sex partners, drug use, physical activity, screen time, sleep hours), and physical health (self-reported health, BMI) outcomes during adolescence and young adulthood in a series of sex-stratified regression analyses using survey weights and a comprehensive set of sociodemographic covariates. Results indicated that, overall, earlier pubertal timing (i.e., maturational timing and peer-relative timing) put both girls and boys at risk during adolescence, while later timing was protective. However, longitudinal models revealed mixed results. For instance, early maturational timing was associated with higher young adult BMI (girls: β = 0.139, p < .01; boys: β = 0.107, p < .01), but later timing for boys was associated with both risky (e.g., more screen time; β = 0.125, p < .05) and health promoting (e.g., more sleep; β = .296, p < .01) behaviors. Analysis of this holistic set of outcomes with sex differences in mind allows for more careful evidence-based recommendations for adolescent health promotion. Early or late puberty predicts health, but there is little longitudinal research. Perceived pubertal development relative to peers also predicts health outcomes. Links between pubertal timing and long-term health were more pervasive for girls. Adolescent psychological symptoms and health behaviors explain long-term links. Results point to the need for high-quality puberty education early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay T Hoyt
- Applied Developmental Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Li Niu
- Applied Developmental Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mark C Pachucki
- Sociology & Computational Social Science Institute, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Natasha Chaku
- Applied Developmental Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
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Social Network Analysis in Child and Adolescent Physical Activity Research: A Systematic Literature Review. J Phys Act Health 2020; 17:250-260. [PMID: 31923901 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2019-0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular physical activity (PA) has many benefits for children and adolescents, yet many do not meet PA recommendations. Social context is important for promoting or discouraging PA among children and adolescents. This review aimed to identify social network variables related to PA among children and adolescents. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was conducted in September 2018 using PsycINFO, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science. Included articles needed to (1) be focused on children (aged 5-11 y) or adolescents (aged 12-17 y), (2) include a measure of PA, (3) include a measure of egocentric or sociocentric social connection in which alters were nominated, and (4) perform an analysis between network data and PA. RESULTS A search of 11,824 articles was refined to a final sample of 29 articles. Social network themes and concepts such as homophily, centrality, and network composition were related to child and adolescent PA behavior across the literature. CONCLUSIONS The impact of an individual's social network is evident on their PA behaviors. More research is needed to examine why these networks form in relation to PA and how interventions can utilize social network analysis to more effectively promote PA, especially in underserved and minority populations.
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Montgomery SC, Donnelly M, Bhatnagar P, Carlin A, Kee F, Hunter RF. Peer social network processes and adolescent health behaviors: A systematic review. Prev Med 2020; 130:105900. [PMID: 31733224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Research has highlighted the importance of peers for determining health behaviors in adolescents, yet these behaviors have typically been investigated in isolation. We need to understand common network processes operating across health behaviors collectively, in order to discern how social network processes impact health behaviors. Thus, this systematic review of studies investigated adolescent peer social networks and health behaviors. A search of six databases (CINAHL, Education Resources Information Centre, Embase, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, Medline and PsycINFO) identified 55 eligible studies. The mean age of the participants was 15.1 years (range 13-18; 51.1% female). Study samples ranged from 143 to 20,745 participants. Studies investigated drinking (31%), smoking (22%), both drinking and smoking (13%) substance use (18%), physical activity (9%) and diet or weight management (7%). Study design was largely longitudinal (n = 41, 73%) and cross-sectional (n = 14, 25%). All studies were set in school and all but one study focused on school-based friendship networks. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess risk of bias: studies were assessed as good (51%), fair (16%) or poor (33%). The synthesis of results revolved around two network behavior patterns: 1) health behavior similarity within a social network, driven by homophilic social selection and/or social influence, and 2) popularity: health behavior engagement in relation to changes in social status; or network popularity predicting health behaviors. Adolescents in denser networks had statistically significant lower levels of harmful behavior (n = 2/2, 100%). Findings suggest that social network processes are important factors in adolescent health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon C Montgomery
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health (Northern Ireland)/Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Clinical Sciences Block B, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Michael Donnelly
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health (Northern Ireland)/Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Clinical Sciences Block B, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Prachi Bhatnagar
- Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, OX3 7LF, UK.
| | - Angela Carlin
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Frank Kee
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health (Northern Ireland)/Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Clinical Sciences Block B, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Ruth F Hunter
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health (Northern Ireland)/Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Clinical Sciences Block B, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Nishida A, Foo JC, Shimodera S, Nishida A, Okazaki Y, Togo F, Sasaki T. The association of weight status and weight perception with number of confidants in adolescents. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225908. [PMID: 31800623 PMCID: PMC6892562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight status and self-weight perception are related to social relationship issues. Studies have suggested links between non-normal weight status or weight perception and youths having fewer confidants, but these relationships are unclear and remain to be studied. This preliminary cross-sectional study examined the effects of weight status and weight perception on the number of confidants in adolescents. Self-report data from 15,279 grade 7–12 students (54.2% boys) were analyzed. The number of confidants (0–3 or ≥ 4) was examined, according to five weight status categories (underweight, low-normal weight, mid-normal weight (reference), high-normal weight, overweight, with Body Mass Index corresponding to ≤ 18.5, ≤ 20.0, ≤ 22.5, ≤ 25.0 and > 25.0 in adults, respectively), and five weight perception categories (too thin, a bit thin, good (reference), a bit fat, too fat). Boys and girls who were overweight and those who perceived themselves to be too fat were significantly more likely to have few confidants. High-normal weight in girls and self-perception of being a bit fat in boys were also associated with having few confidants. In boys, underweight and self-perception of being too thin were additionally associated with having few confidants. Adolescents with non-normal weight status or weight perception may have fewer confidants and require more social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Nishida
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jerome Clifford Foo
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shinji Shimodera
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Okazaki
- Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiharu Togo
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sasaki
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Palacios D, Berger C, Luengo Kanacri BP, Veenstra R, Dijkstra JK. The Interplay of Adolescents' Aggression and Victimization with Friendship and Antipathy Networks within an Educational Prosocial Intervention. J Youth Adolesc 2019; 48:2005-2022. [PMID: 31482513 PMCID: PMC6813759 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-019-01105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
How the interplay between peer relationships and behaviors unfolds and how this differs between classrooms is an understudied topic. This study examined whether adolescents befriend or dislike peers whom they consider as aggressor or victim and whether these results differ in classrooms that received an intervention to promote prosocial behavior compared to classrooms without the intervention. The sample was composed of 659 seventh graders (Mage = 12.32; 48% girls) from nine intervention and seven control classrooms in eight schools in Santiago, Chile. It was hypothesized that adolescents in intervention classrooms would be less befriended and more disliked by classmates who considered them as aggressors, and more befriended and less disliked by classmates who considered them as victims, compared to control classrooms. Longitudinal multiplex social network analyses (RSiena) indicate that antipathies toward peers considered as aggressive and victimized were significantly lower in intervention classrooms than in control classrooms, but no significant differences were found for friendships. These findings suggest that the impact of an educational intervention may go beyond changing individual behavior and extend to the way peer relations develop in classrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Palacios
- Department of Sociology, Interuniversity Center for Social Science Theory and Methodology (ICS), University of Groningen, Grote Rozenstraat 31, 9712 TG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Christian Berger
- Department of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - René Veenstra
- Department of Sociology, Interuniversity Center for Social Science Theory and Methodology (ICS), University of Groningen, Grote Rozenstraat 31, 9712 TG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Kornelis Dijkstra
- Department of Sociology, Interuniversity Center for Social Science Theory and Methodology (ICS), University of Groningen, Grote Rozenstraat 31, 9712 TG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Campbell AD, Baker EH. Do income inequalities in higher weight status depend on social integration? SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2019; 83:102301. [PMID: 31422839 PMCID: PMC8088976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Those with higher incomes tend to have better health outcomes, including healthy weight status. We use data from the 2003-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to examine whether the association between higher weight status and social integration varies by income. We examine gender differences in weight status, measured by BMI and obesity, by social integration and income, and find evidence that high social integration is a risk factor for higher weight status among low-income men. The association between income and higher weight status operates differently for women and men and is dependent, in part, on their level of social integration. Income is negatively associated with weight status for men who are highly integrated, but is positively associated with weight status among men who have low integration. We conclude that higher numbers of close friends and family places low-income men at greater risk of higher weight status.
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Do Birds of a Feather Flock Together Within a Team-Based Physical Activity Intervention? A Social Network Analysis. J Phys Act Health 2019; 16:745-751. [PMID: 31319396 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2018-0585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homophily is the tendency to associate with friends similar to ourselves. This study explored the effects of homophily on team formation in a physical activity challenge in which "captains" signed up their Facebook friends to form teams. METHODS This study assessed whether participants (n = 430) were more similar to their teammates than to nonteammates with regard to age, sex, education level, body mass index, self-reported and objectively measured physical activity, and negative emotional states; and whether captains were more similar to their own teammates than to nonteammates. Variability indices were calculated for each team, and a hypothetical variability index, representing that which would result from randomly assembled teams, was also calculated. RESULTS Within-team variability was less than that for random teams for all outcomes except education level and depression, with differences (SDs) ranging from +0.15 (self-reported physical activity) to +0.47 (age) (P < .001 to P = .001). Captains were similar to their teammates except in regard to age, with captains being 2.6 years younger (P = .003). CONCLUSIONS Results support hypotheses that self-selected teams are likely to contain individuals with similar characteristics, highlighting potential to leverage team-based health interventions to target specific populations by instructing individuals with risk characteristics to form teams to help change behavior.
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Marks J, de la Haye K, Barnett LM, Allender S. Personal Network Characteristics as Predictors of Change in Obesity Risk Behaviors in Early Adolescence. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2019; 29:710-723. [PMID: 29770516 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The potential for peers to influence obesity risk behavior increases in adolescence, yet there are knowledge gaps of how behaviors are modified in response to peers over time. This study examined how personal friendship network characteristics were associated with obesity-related behaviors from late childhood to early adolescence. Two waves of friendship, physical activity, screen time, and dietary recall data were collected from 11- to 13-year-old students (99% retention) in Australia (n = 308) over a five- to eight-month period. Regression models identified friendship network characteristics that predicted later health behaviors which varied by gender and behavior type, such as the number of friends positively associated with physical activity intensity (males) and screen time (females). The need for considering context to influence behavior change is discussed.
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van Woerden I, Hruschka D, Schaefer DR, Fine KL, Bruening M. Evaluating Potential Behavioral Mediators for Increasing Similarity in Friends' Body Size among College Students. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11091996. [PMID: 31450804 PMCID: PMC6770838 DOI: 10.3390/nu11091996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
College students and their friends become more similar in weight status over time. However, it is unclear which mediators explain this relationship. Using validated survey measures of diet, physical activity, alcohol intake, sleep behaviors, mental health, and food security status, we take a comprehensive look at possible factors associated with excess weight gain that may explain friends’ convergence on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, and waist to height ratio over time. We use linear mixed models applied to a longitudinal dataset of first-year college students to examine whether these variables satisfy two criteria for potential candidate mediators of friends’ influence on anthropometrics—cross-sectional similarity among friends (n = 509) and longitudinal associations with increasing anthropometrics (n = 428). While friends were similar on some survey measures (such as dining hall use, home cooked meal consumption, fruit intake, alcohol intake, hours of sleep, and stress). Only dining hall use and stress emerged as potential explanations for why friends’ BMI and anthropometric change may be similar. Given that only a few variables satisfied the two criteria as potential mediators, future research may need to consider alternative measurement approaches, including real-time assessments, objective measurements, and alternative factors causing the convergence of friends’ and college students’ body size over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene van Woerden
- College of Nursing, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA
| | - Daniel Hruschka
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - David R Schaefer
- Department of Sociology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Kimberly L Fine
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Meg Bruening
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
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Palacios D, Dijkstra JK, Villalobos C, Treviño E, Berger C, Huisman M, Veenstra R. Classroom ability composition and the role of academic performance and school misconduct in the formation of academic and friendship networks. J Sch Psychol 2019; 74:58-73. [PMID: 31213232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper examined the association between friendship and academic networks and how the connections these networks have with academic performance and school misconduct differ when comparing three types of classrooms where students were grouped based on their academic ability (i.e., high-, low-, and mixed-ability). The sample was composed of 528 seventh to ninth graders (Mage = 15; 64.1% girls) from 12 classrooms (four in each category of ability grouping) across two waves in five schools in Chile. The effects of academic performance and school misconduct on receiving academic and friendship nominations were examined, as well as the interplay between academic and friendship relationships. Furthermore, the extent to which similarity in adolescents' academic performance and school misconduct contributed to the formation and maintenance of academic and friendship relationships was examined. Sex, socioeconomic status, and structural network features were also taken into account. Longitudinal social network analyses (RSiena) indicated that (1) in high-ability classrooms students chose high-achieving peers as academic partners; (2) in high-ability classrooms students avoided deviant peers (i.e., those high in school misconduct) as academic partners; and (3) academic relationships led to friendships, and vice versa, in both high- and low-ability classrooms. Whereas the interplay of friendship and academic relationships was similar in high- and low-ability classrooms, the formation and maintenance of academic networks unfolded differently in these two types of classrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Palacios
- Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Grote Rozenstraat 31, Groningen, 9712, TG, the Netherlands.
| | - Jan Kornelis Dijkstra
- Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Grote Rozenstraat 31, Groningen, 9712, TG, the Netherlands.
| | - Cristóbal Villalobos
- Centro de Políticas y Prácticas en Educación (CEPPE UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, 7820436, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Ernesto Treviño
- Facultad de Educación, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, 7820436, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Christian Berger
- Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, 7820436, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Mark Huisman
- Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Grote Rozenstraat 31, Groningen, 9712, TG, the Netherlands.
| | - René Veenstra
- Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Grote Rozenstraat 31, Groningen, 9712, TG, the Netherlands.
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Bruening M, van Woerden I, Schaefer DR, Hruschka D, Brewis A, Whisner CM, Dunton GF, Todd M, Ohri-Vachaspati P, Laska MN. Friendship as a social mechanism influencing body mass index (BMI) among emerging adults. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208894. [PMID: 30562375 PMCID: PMC6298660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social relationships have been proposed as a significant factor shaping obesity risk. The first year of college, a period of major social, behavioral, and weight changes, provides a context well-suited to tracking longitudinally the impact of shifting friendships on weight outcomes. This study sought to identify social mechanisms impacting BMI change among emerging adults. Methods An analytic sample of 276 college students (71.0% female, 52.2% non-White) provided repeated reports of relationships and BMI was measured up to four times during 2015–2016. Stochastic actor-oriented models were used to examine change in BMI through social influence and change in friendships over time, controlling for sex and race/ethnicity. Results At baseline, mean BMI was 24.2±4.5 kg/m2. Overall, mean BMI increased over time; individual decreases in BMI were uncommon. There was a selection effect of BMI: participants with BMIs between 22 and 26 kg/m2 were most likely to be nominated as a friend. While participants did not select friends based on BMI similarity, participants who were reported as friends were more likely to experience convergence in BMI over time relative to the BMIs of non-friends (p = 0.015). An increase in BMI (versus stability or a decrease) was more likely for those whose friends had a higher BMI on average compared to participants whose friends had the same or lower BMI (OR = 2.85, 95% CI = 1.22, 6.71). Conclusion Analyses indicated BMI affected friend selection, not through students selecting friends with similar BMI, but rather, by students avoiding friends with more extreme BMI levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meg Bruening
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Irene van Woerden
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - David R. Schaefer
- Department of Sociology, University of California–Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Daniel Hruschka
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Brewis
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | - Corrie M. Whisner
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Genevieve F. Dunton
- Institute for Health Promotion & Disease Prevention, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Todd
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Punam Ohri-Vachaspati
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Melissa N. Laska
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
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Chung SJ, Ersig AL, McCarthy AM. Diet and Physical Activity of Korean Female Adolescents in Their Peer Networks. J Nurs Scholarsh 2018; 51:147-156. [PMID: 30548904 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the diet and physical activity behaviors of female adolescents and their friends within classroom-based peer networks in Korea. DESIGN Complete social network analysis was used to examine the influence of classroom-based peers on adolescents' diets and physical activity. Data were collected by self-report from 99 female adolescents in three classrooms. METHODS Diet and physical activity behaviors were measured using the Adolescent Food Habit Checklist, food frequency questions, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Female adolescents were asked to nominate close friends within their classroom. Descriptive statistics for diet and physical activity were generated; social network data were analyzed using social network analysis. FINDINGS Most participants were normal-weight, 18-year-old adolescents. Across three classrooms, adolescents' dietary behaviors were connected with those of their classroom-based peer networks; however, similar outcomes were not identified for physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Clusters of diet behaviors for Korean female adolescents were identified in classroom-based peer networks. Developing interventions based on these shared behaviors could be effective in improving these behaviors. Additional studies should explore potential barriers to physical activity for Korean female adolescents and their classroom-based peers. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The current study found that Korean female adolescents' dietary behaviors were associated with their peers'. Healthcare providers should consider involving peers when developing interventions to improve the diet of Korean female adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Jihey Chung
- Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Anne L Ersig
- The University of Wisconsin Madison School of Nursing, UW-Health American Family Children's Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
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Yaffe Y. Physical Activity Among Israeli-Arab Adolescent Males: How Do Parenting Styles Matter? Am J Mens Health 2018; 12:2037-2043. [PMID: 30043663 PMCID: PMC6199442 DOI: 10.1177/1557988318790881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity contains many benefits for adolescents' physical and mental health, and also for building healthy living routines and habits for the future. The current study examined the associations between parenting styles and adolescents' physical activity among Israeli-Arab families of male adolescents, in seeking to boost the limited information on this most important topic. Participants consisted of 177 male Israeli-Arab adolescents ( M = 13.93, SD = 1.42) with normal weight. Controlling for the participants' age, weight, and grades in school, parenting styles explained about 30% of the variance in the participants' reports of their physical activity, with the authoritative and authoritarian parenting inversely correlated with the latter variable. Adolescents who perceived their parents as authoritative were reportedly more physically active than their counterparts who perceived their parents as authoritarian. In common with previous studies, the findings suggest that authoritative parenting may be a cross-culturally preferable style in fostering a desired physical activity rate among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosi Yaffe
- Ohalo Academic College, Katzrin, Israel
- Tel-Hai Academic College, Qiryat Shemona, Israel
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46
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Abstract
Even though human behavior is largely driven by real-time feedback from others, this social complexity is underrepresented in psychological theory, largely because it is so difficult to isolate. In this work, we performed a quasi-experimental analysis of hundreds of millions of chat room messages between young people. This allowed us to reconstruct how-and on what timeline-the valence of one message affects the valence of subsequent messages by others. For the highly emotionally valenced chat messages that we focused on, we found that these messages elicited a general increase of 0.1 to 0.4 messages per minute. This influence started 2 s after the original message and continued out to 60 s. Expanding our focus to include feedback loops-the way a speaker's chat comes back to affect him or her-we found that the stimulating effects of these same chat events started rippling back from others 8 s after the original message, to cause an increase in the speaker's chat that persisted for up to 8 min. This feedback accounted for at least 1% of the bulk of chat. Additionally, a message's valence affects its dynamics, with negative events feeding back more slowly and continuing to affect the speaker longer. By reconstructing the second-by-second dynamics of many psychosocial processes in aggregate, we captured the timescales at which they collectively ripple through a social system to drive system-level outcomes.
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Arias Ramos N, Calvo Sánchez MD, Fernández-Villa T, Ovalle Perandones MA, Fernández García D, Marqués-Sánchez P. Social exclusion of the adolescent with overweight: study of sociocentric social networks in the classroom. Pediatr Obes 2018; 13:614-620. [PMID: 30110716 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple studies have shown the social consequences of suffering overweight, with social exclusion or isolation as some of the most important. In order to study the social patterns among adolescents, we have set as objectives to analyse the position of the individual within their network from a sociocentric perspective, comparing the relational pattern of the adolescents suffering from overweight with those who are normal weight. METHOD This was a cross-sectional descriptive study using logistic regression and social network analysis. We analysed the contact patterns of 235 adolescents in 11 social networks, classifying contact into three levels of intensity: minimum, intermediate and maximum (friendship). The WHO reference was used for the variable of overweight. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight was 30.2% (25.5% overweight and 4.7% obesity). An analysis of the relational patterns of individuals with overweight showed that at the minimum contact level, they established fewer relationships and less closeness (odds ratio [OR]: 2.32; confidence interval [CI] 95%: 1.17-4.66; p-value: 0.016). This effect was more marked in female adolescents. At intermediate contact level, they had few relationships and low prestige (OR: 3.29; CI: 95%; 1.03-10.51; p-value: 0.045, OR: 3.18; CI: 95%; 1.00-10.04; p-value: 0.049, respectively). At maximum contact level (friendship), female adolescents related little with other adolescents (OR: 3.78; CI: 95%; 1.07-13.32; p-value: 0.038). CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with overweight take up peripheral positions within their social network, choosing by themselves not to establish contact with others. Social network analysis is crucial to detect adolescents with overweight at risk of exclusion and help alleviate psychological and social deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Arias Ramos
- SALBIS Research Group. Health Science School. Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Leon, León, Spain
| | - M D Calvo Sánchez
- Administrative Law, Law Faculty, Universty of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - T Fernández-Villa
- The Research Group in Gene-Environment and Health Interactions, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of León, León, Spain
| | - M A Ovalle Perandones
- Department of Library and Information Science, School of Humanities, Communication and Library, University Carlos III of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Fernández García
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of León, León, Spain
| | - P Marqués-Sánchez
- Head of SALBIS Research Group. Health Science School. Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Leon, León, Spain
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Development of Friendship and Task Values in a New School: Friend Selection for the Arts and Physical Education but Socialization for Academic Subjects. J Youth Adolesc 2018; 47:1966-1977. [PMID: 30006667 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0894-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Friends provide important social contexts for student development. Research has shown that adolescent friends are similar to each other in their interest and values for different school subjects. Yet our current understanding does not extend to knowing whether selection, deselection, or socialization processes are responsible for this phenomena. Without this knowledge, it is very difficult for parents, teachers, and schools to know how and when to intervene. This study investigated selection, deselection, and socialization effects on adolescent students' task values for academic (languages, math and science, and social sciences) and non-academic subject areas (the arts and physical education). A social network approach was used to examine two waves of annual data collected from school-based networks of adolescents in the first and second years of high school education in Finland (N = 1419; female = 48.6%; mean age at first measurement point = 16). The results revealed that adolescents tended to select friends with similar levels of task values (friend selection) for the arts and physical education, but friends did not become more similar in these areas over time (friend socialization). In contrast, there was evidence of friend socialization, but not friend selection, for the academic school subjects. Across all subjects, differences in task values did not predict friendship dissolution (friend deselection). These findings suggest that to a significant extent, students make agentic choices in developing friendship with schoolmates based on their task values in non-academic subjects. The resultant friend contexts that individuals created, in turn, affected their task values in academic subject areas. These results shed light on the complexity of friend effect mechanisms on task values at the subject domain-specific level.
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Zhang S, de la Haye K, Ji M, An R. Applications of social network analysis to obesity: a systematic review. Obes Rev 2018; 19:976-988. [PMID: 29676508 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
People's health behaviours and outcomes can be profoundly shaped by the social networks they are embedded in. Based on graph theory, social network analysis is a research framework for the study of social interactions and the structure of these interactions among social actors. A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science for articles published until August 2017 that applied social network analysis to examine obesity and social networks. Eight studies (three cross-sectional and five longitudinal) conducted in the US (n = 6) and Australia (n = 2) were identified. Seven focused on adolescents' and one on adults' friendship networks. They examined structural features of these networks that were associated with obesity, including degree distribution, popularity, modularity maximization and K-clique percolation. All three cross-sectional studies that used exponential random graph models found individuals with similar body weight status and/or weight-related behaviour were more likely to share a network tie than individuals with dissimilar traits. Three longitudinal studies using stochastic actor-based models found friendship network characteristics influenced change in individuals' body weight status and/or weight-related behaviour over time. Future research should focus on diverse populations and types of social networks and identifying the mechanisms by which social networks influence obesity to inform network-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhang
- School of Sports Journalism and Foreign Studies, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - K de la Haye
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Ji
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - R An
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
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Lancki N, Siddique J, Schneider JA, Kanaya AM, Fujimoto K, Dave SS, Puri-Taneja A, Kandula NR. Social network body size is associated with body size norms of South Asian adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 11:25-30. [PMID: 31338475 DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Aims To examine the association between social network body size and body size norms in South Asian adults. Methods Participants (n = 766) from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study (2014-2018) provided detailed information about their five closest network members. Participants' perceptions of their network members' body sizes, their own body size (self-body size), and a healthy body size for men and women (body size norms) were assessed using the Stunkard 9-figure scale. Adjusted hierarchical linear regression models were used to examine associations between the average body size of network members and perceived body size norms. Results Participants' average age was 59.1 years (SD = 9.2) and 44.1% were women. Participants reported an average network body size of 4.0 (SD = 1.1). The average body size norm for male and female Stunkard images was 3.6 (SD = 1.0) and 3.4 (SD = 0.8), respectively. Social network body size was positively associated with increasing body size norms (β-coefficient = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.26, 0.36), independent of self-body size. Discussion Social networks may influence body size norms in South Asian adults. Long-term follow up of the MASALA cohort will determine if social network body size and body size norms are associated with weight- control behaviors and weight change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Lancki
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Northwestern University, 750 N Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States
| | - Juned Siddique
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, 420 E Superior, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States
| | - John A Schneider
- Department of Medicine and Public Health Sciences and the Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, University of Chicago, 5837 S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States
| | - Alka M Kanaya
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 1545 Divisadero, San Francisco, CA, 94115, United States
| | - Kayo Fujimoto
- Division of Health Promotion & Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Swapna S Dave
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Northwestern University, 750 N Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States
| | - Ankita Puri-Taneja
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Northwestern University, 750 N Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States
| | - Namratha R Kandula
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Northwestern University, 750 N Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States.,Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, 420 E Superior, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States
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