1
|
Guo Y, Yan J. Association between tobacco smoke exposure and depression: the NHANES 2005-2018 and Mendelian randomization study. Arch Public Health 2024; 82:100. [PMID: 38961510 PMCID: PMC11221044 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-024-01322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) and depression is controversial. This study combined observational research and Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore the relationship of depression with both smoking status and cotinine levels. METHOD We collected relevant data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2005 to 2018, and used weighted multifactorial logistic regression modelling to assess the correlation between TSE and depression, and assessed the causal relationship of depression with both smoking status and cotinine levels by MR. RESULT Current smokers had the highest risk of depression (OR 1.94; P < 0.01); there was a positive trend for correlation between daily smoking and depression (OR 1.66; P for trend < 0.01). Serum ketamine levels above 3.00 ng/ml had a higher risk of depression (OR 2.13; P < 0.001). MR results showed that current smoking (OR = 4.66; P < 0.001) and previous smoking (OR 2.09; P < 0.01) were risk factors for the onset of depression, and that there was no causal association between cotinine levels and depression. CONCLUSION Smoking is significantly associated with depression and plays a potential causal role in the development of depression. Cotinine was significantly associated with depression, however MR results showed no causal relationship between cotinine and depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Guo
- Department of Respiratory, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, China
- Beijing University of Chinese medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Respiratory, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Talavera Andújar B, Mary A, Venegas C, Cheng T, Zaslavsky L, Bolton EE, Heneka MT, Schymanski EL. Can Small Molecules Provide Clues on Disease Progression in Cerebrospinal Fluid from Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease Patients? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:4181-4192. [PMID: 38373301 PMCID: PMC10919072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex and multifactorial neurodegenerative disease, which is currently diagnosed via clinical symptoms and nonspecific biomarkers (such as Aβ1-42, t-Tau, and p-Tau) measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which alone do not provide sufficient insights into disease progression. In this pilot study, these biomarkers were complemented with small-molecule analysis using non-target high-resolution mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography (LC) on the CSF of three groups: AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD, and a non-demented (ND) control group. An open-source cheminformatics pipeline based on MS-DIAL and patRoon was enhanced using CSF- and AD-specific suspect lists to assist in data interpretation. Chemical Similarity Enrichment Analysis revealed a significant increase of hydroxybutyrates in AD, including 3-hydroxybutanoic acid, which was found at higher levels in AD compared to MCI and ND. Furthermore, a highly sensitive target LC-MS method was used to quantify 35 bile acids (BAs) in the CSF, revealing several statistically significant differences including higher dehydrolithocholic acid levels and decreased conjugated BA levels in AD. This work provides several promising small-molecule hypotheses that could be used to help track the progression of AD in CSF samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Talavera Andújar
- Luxembourg
Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University
of Luxembourg, Avenue du Swing 6, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Arnaud Mary
- Luxembourg
Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University
of Luxembourg, Avenue du Swing 6, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Carmen Venegas
- Luxembourg
Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University
of Luxembourg, Avenue du Swing 6, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Tiejun Cheng
- National
Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, United States
| | - Leonid Zaslavsky
- National
Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, United States
| | - Evan E. Bolton
- National
Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, United States
| | - Michael T. Heneka
- Luxembourg
Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University
of Luxembourg, Avenue du Swing 6, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Emma L. Schymanski
- Luxembourg
Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University
of Luxembourg, Avenue du Swing 6, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Boiangiu RS, Brinza I, Honceriu I, Mihasan M, Hritcu L. Insights into Pharmacological Activities of Nicotine and 6-Hydroxy-L-nicotine, a Bacterial Nicotine Derivative: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2023; 14:23. [PMID: 38254623 PMCID: PMC10813004 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The purported cognitive benefits associated with nicotine and its metabolites in the brain are a matter of debate. In this review, the impact of the pharmacologically active metabolite of a nicotine derivative produced by bacteria named 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine (6HLN) on memory, oxidative stress, and the activity of the cholinergic system in the brain was examined. A search in the PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases, limiting entries to those published between 1992 and 2023, was conducted. The search focused specifically on articles about nicotine metabolites, memory, oxidative stress, and cholinergic system activity, as well as enzymes or pathways related to nicotine degradation in bacteria. The preliminary search resulted in 696 articles, and following the application of exclusion criteria, 212 articles were deemed eligible for inclusion. This review focuses on experimental studies supporting nicotine catabolism in bacteria, and the chemical and pharmacological activities of nicotine and its metabolite 6HLN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marius Mihasan
- BioActive Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (R.S.B.); (I.B.); (I.H.)
| | - Lucian Hritcu
- BioActive Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (R.S.B.); (I.B.); (I.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hou J, Huang C, Zhu B, Liu W, Zhu QQ, Wang L, Li T, Yuan CJ, Lai SY, Wu DS, Zhu FQ, Zhang JF, Huang J, Gao EW, Huang YD, Nie LL, Lu SY, Yang XF, Zhou L, Ye F, Yuan J, Liu JJ. Effect modification by aging on the associations of nicotine exposure with cognitive impairment among Chinese elderly. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:9530-9542. [PMID: 36057059 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22392-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Active and passive exposure to tobacco smoke may increase risk of cognitive decline. However, effects of enhanced the aging process on the association of urinary nicotine metabolites with cognitive impairment remain unclear. In this study, 6657 Chinese older adults completed the physical examinations and cognitive tests. We measured urinary nicotine metabolite levels, mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN), and relative telomere length (RTL) and analyzed effects of urinary nicotine metabolites and their interaction with mtDNA-CN or RTL on cognitive impairment by generalized linear models and qg-computation, respectively. Each 1-unit increase in urinary 3-OHCot, 3-OHCotGluc, CotGluc, or NicGluc levels corresponded to a 1.05-, 1.09-, 1.04-, and 0.90-fold increased risk of cognitive impairment. Each 1-quantile increment in the mixture level of 8 nicotine metabolites corresponded to an increment of 1.40- and 1.34-fold risk of cognitive impairment in individuals with longer RTL or low mtDNA-CN. Urinary 3-OHCotGluc and RTL or mtDNA-CN exhibited an additive effect on cognitive impairment in addition to the mixture of 8 nicotine metabolites and mtDNA-CN. The findings suggested that aging process may increase the risk of tobacco-related cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hou
- Key Laboratory of Environment & Health (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan) and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Shenzhen Luohu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environment & Health (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan) and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment & Health (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan) and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Tian Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment & Health (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan) and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Jie Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Environment & Health (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan) and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Shao-Yang Lai
- Shenzhen Luohu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - De-Sheng Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei-Qi Zhu
- Cognitive Impairment Ward of Neurology Department, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical College, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Fei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment & Health (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan) and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Er-Wei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environment & Health (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan) and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Dan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environment & Health (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan) and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu-Lin Nie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Shao-You Lu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi-Fei Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Environment & Health (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan) and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Environment & Health (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan) and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Jian-Jun Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fu YC, Xu ZL, Zhao MY, Xu K. The Association Between Smoking and Renal Function in People Over 20 Years Old. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:870278. [PMID: 35721101 PMCID: PMC9205397 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.870278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many conclusions have been reached in renal function studies in direct smokers. Aim This study aimed to determine the relationship between smoking and decreased renal function to ensure that reduced chronic kidney disease incidence can be achieved by limiting smoking, we assessed the relationship between cigarette smoking and renal function. Methods We recruited 10,267 people from the National Health and Nutrition Program Testing Survey (NHANES) aged over 20 years from 2013 to 2018 to assess smoking exposure by serum cotinine. We estimated the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and used multivariate linear regression models and smooth curve fittings to assess the relationship between smoking and renal function. Results We found an inverse relationship between serum cotinine and the eGFR. In a subgroup analysis, we found a non-linear relationship between serum cotinine and the eGFR in different ethnic groups or in different sexes. In a subgroup analysis of sex, we found inflection points between men and women for the relationship between serum cotinine and the eGFR (men 183 ng/ml and 465 ng/ml; women 227 ng/ml and 412 ng/ml). However, in a subgroup analysis by age, we found that serum cotinine showed a clear negative correlation with the eGFR in people aged 20–39 years, but in people older than 40 years, a weak correlation was shown. In stratified analysis by ethnicity, we found significant negative associations in Mexican American and Other Hispanic individuals and weaker associations in Non-Hispanic White and Non-Hispanic Black individuals. Conclusion Through the negative correlation between serum cotinine and the eGFR, we can conclude that as the smoking quantity increases, smoking leads to a decrease in renal function. The results of the subgroup analysis indicate that in young people, by advocating smoking cessation early, we can very effectively prevent kidney disease in this population and thus reduce the incidence of chronic kidney disease. Smoking should be included as an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheng Fu
- Department of Paediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Xu
- Department of Paediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi-Liang Xu,
| | - Ming-Yi Zhao
- Department of Paediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Ming-Yi Zhao,
| | - Ke Xu
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Barham JP, Kaur J. Site-Selective C(sp3)–H Functionalizations Mediated by Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reactions via α-Amino/α-Amido Radicals. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1677-6619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAmines and amides, as N-containing compounds, are ubiquitous in pharmaceutically-active scaffolds, natural products, agrochemicals, and peptides. Amides in nature bear a key responsibility for imparting three-dimensional structure, such as in proteins. Structural modifications to amines and amides, especially at their positions α to N, bring about profound changes in biological activity oftentimes leading to more desirable pharmacological profiles of small drug molecules. A number of recent developments in synthetic methodology for the functionalizations of amines and amides omit the need of their directing groups or pre-functionalizations, achieving direct activation of the otherwise relatively benign C(sp3)–H bonds α to N. Among these, hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) has proven a very powerful platform for the selective activation of amines and amides to their α-amino and α-amido radicals, which can then be employed to furnish C–C and C–X (X = heteroatom) bonds. The abilities to both form these radicals and control their reactivity in a site-selective manner is of utmost importance for such chemistries to witness applications in late-stage functionalization. Therefore, this review captures contemporary HAT strategies to realize chemo- and regioselective amine and amide α-C(sp3)–H functionalization, based on bond strengths, bond polarities, reversible HAT equilibria, traceless electrostatic-directing auxiliaries, and steric effects of in situ-generated HAT agents.1 Introduction2 Functionalizations of Amines3 Functionalizations of Carbamates4 Functionalizations of Amides5 Conclusion
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen D, Zhou Y, Wang M, Mujtaba Munir MA, Lian J, Yu S, Dai K, Yang X. Succession Pattern in Soil Micro-Ecology Under Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) Continuous Cropping Circumstances in Yunnan Province of Southwest China. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:785110. [PMID: 35185815 PMCID: PMC8851204 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.785110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous cropping obstacle (CCO) is a common phenomenon in agricultural production and extremely threatens the sustainable development of agriculture. To clarify the potential keystone factors causing tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) CCO, tobacco plants, topsoil, and rhizosphere soil were sampled from the fields with no, slight, and severe tobacco disease in Dali and Yuxi of Yunnan province in China. The physicochemical properties of topsoil and rhizosphere soil, the phenolic acids (PAs) contents in rhizosphere soil, and elemental contents in topsoil, rhizosphere soil, and tobacco plants were analyzed. Microbial diversity in rhizosphere soil was determined by the metagenomic sequencing method. The results showed that soil pH, texture, cation exchange capacity, organic matter, TC, TN, and available K contents showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in soil physicochemical properties. There was a deficiency of B, K, Mg, and Mn contents in soil and/or tobacco plants. The contents of PAs, especially syringic acid in rhizosphere soil, varied significantly among the three sampling groups (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, microbial communities and functional genes changed from beneficial to harmful, showing an intimate correlation with soil pH and syringic acid content. It can be concluded that tobacco CCO could be allocated to the imbalance of soil micro-ecology, which possessed a regional feature at the two sampling sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mehr Ahmed Mujtaba Munir
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiapan Lian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kuai Dai
- Yuxi Tobacco Company, Ltd. of Yunnan Province, Yuxi, China
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Role of Receptors in Relation to Plaques and Tangles in Alzheimer's Disease Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312987. [PMID: 34884789 PMCID: PMC8657621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the identification of Aβ plaques and NFTs as biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology, therapeutic interventions remain elusive, with neither an absolute prophylactic nor a curative medication available to impede the progression of AD presently available. Current approaches focus on symptomatic treatments to maintain AD patients’ mental stability and behavioral symptoms by decreasing neuronal degeneration; however, the complexity of AD pathology requires a wide range of therapeutic approaches for both preventive and curative treatments. In this regard, this review summarizes the role of receptors as a potential target for treating AD and focuses on the path of major receptors which are responsible for AD progression. This review gives an overall idea centering on major receptors, their agonist and antagonist and future prospects of viral mimicry in AD pathology. This article aims to provide researchers and developers a comprehensive idea about the different receptors involved in AD pathogenesis that may lead to finding a new therapeutic strategy to treat AD.
Collapse
|
9
|
Tan X, Vrana K, Ding ZM. Cotinine: Pharmacologically Active Metabolite of Nicotine and Neural Mechanisms for Its Actions. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:758252. [PMID: 34744656 PMCID: PMC8568040 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.758252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco use disorder continues to be a leading public health issue and cause of premature death in the United States. Nicotine is considered as the major tobacco alkaloid causing addiction through its actions on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Current pharmacotherapies targeting nicotine's effects produce only modest effectiveness in promoting cessation, highlighting the critical need for a better understanding of mechanisms of nicotine addiction to inform future treatments. There is growing interest in identifying potential contributions of non-nicotine components to tobacco reinforcement. Cotinine is a minor alkaloid, but the major metabolite of nicotine that can act as a weak agonist of nAChRs. Accumulating evidence indicates that cotinine produces diverse effects and may contribute to effects of nicotine. In this review, we summarize findings implicating cotinine as a neuroactive metabolite of nicotine and discuss available evidence regarding potential mechanisms underlying its effects. Preclinical findings reveal that cotinine crosses the blood brain barrier and interacts with both nAChRs and non-nAChRs in the nervous system, and produces neuropharmacological and behavioral effects. Clinical studies suggest that cotinine is psychoactive in humans. However, reviewing evidence regarding mechanisms underlying effects of cotinine provides a mixed picture with a lack of consensus. Therefore, more research is warranted in order to provide better insight into the actions of cotinine and its contribution to tobacco addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, and Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Kent Vrana
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Zheng-Ming Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, and Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Iarkov A, Mendoza C, Echeverria V. Cholinergic Receptor Modulation as a Target for Preventing Dementia in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:665820. [PMID: 34616271 PMCID: PMC8488354 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.665820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) in the midbrain resulting in progressive impairment in cognitive and motor abilities. The physiological and molecular mechanisms triggering dopaminergic neuronal loss are not entirely defined. PD occurrence is associated with various genetic and environmental factors causing inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain, leading to oxidative stress, proteinopathy, and reduced viability of dopaminergic neurons. Oxidative stress affects the conformation and function of ions, proteins, and lipids, provoking mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation and dysfunction. The disruption of protein homeostasis induces the aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-SYN) and parkin and a deficit in proteasome degradation. Also, oxidative stress affects dopamine release by activating ATP-sensitive potassium channels. The cholinergic system is essential in modulating the striatal cells regulating cognitive and motor functions. Several muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are expressed in the striatum. The nAChRs signaling reduces neuroinflammation and facilitates neuronal survival, neurotransmitter release, and synaptic plasticity. Since there is a deficit in the nAChRs in PD, inhibiting nAChRs loss in the striatum may help prevent dopaminergic neurons loss in the striatum and its pathological consequences. The nAChRs can also stimulate other brain cells supporting cognitive and motor functions. This review discusses the cholinergic system as a therapeutic target of cotinine to prevent cognitive symptoms and transition to dementia in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Iarkov
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristhian Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile.,Research & Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lu X, Zhang Y, Li H, Jin Y, Zhao L, Wang X. Nicotine prevents in vivo Aβ toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans via SKN-1. Neurosci Lett 2021; 761:136114. [PMID: 34274434 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nicotine, a main active compound in tobacco, has been shown to attenuate amyloid-β (Aβ) mediated neurotoxicity. However, the detailed underlying mechanisms remains to be elucidated. In this study, nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) had been chosen as the model animal for dissecting the role of nicotine in the prevention of Aβ-induced toxicity in vivo. METHODS CL2120 and CL4176 transgenic worms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) models were treated with different concentrations of nicotine, and worm paralysis was monitored. Next, the effects of nicotine on Aβ deposits, Aβ oligomers, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the oxidative stress resistance in worms were measured. Moreover, the pathway responsible for nicotine alleviating Aβ-induced toxicity in vivo was explored by observing the oxidative stress resistance of skn-1 or daf-16 mutants in the presence of nicotine. Furthermore, the worm paralysis and Aβ deposits were further checked in CL4176 worms with skn-1 RNA interference under the condition of nicotine. RESULTS Nicotine (5 μM) attenuated AD-like symptoms of worm paralysis in CL2120 and CL4176 transgenic C. elegans. Nicotine did not inhibit Aβ aggregation in vitro, however it suppressed Aβ deposits and reduced the Aβ oligomers to alleviate the toxicity induced by Aβ overexpression in C. elegans. Although nicotine did not possess apparent intrinsic anti-oxidative activity, it decreased in vivo reactive oxygen species (ROS). Nicotine enhanced the oxidative stress resistance of C. elegans, which was mediated by SKN-1 but not DAF-16 signaling. Furthermore, skn-1 RNAi abrogated the effect of nicotine reducing Aβ deposits in vivo and completely blocked nicotine preventing Aβ induced worm paralysis. CONCLUSIONS Nicotine reduces Aβ oligomer formation and alleviates Aβ-induced paralysis of C. elegans, which is mediated by SKN-1 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoda Lu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Hongyuan Li
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Yushan Jin
- Department of Immunology and Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lihui Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China; Department of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) play a critical role in the neuropharmacology of learning and memory. As such, naturally occurring alkaloids that regulate nAChR activity have gained interest for understanding and potentially improving memory function. In this study, we tested the acute effects of three known nicotinic alkaloids, nicotine, cotinine, and anatabine, in suppressing scopolamine-induced memory deficit in rodents by using two classic memory paradigms, Y-maze and novel object recognition (NOR) in mice and rats, respectively. We found that all compounds were able to suppress scopolamine-induced spatial memory deficit in the Y-maze spontaneous alternation paradigm. However, only nicotine was able to suppress the short-term object memory deficit in NOR, despite the higher doses of cotinine and anatabine used to account for their potential differences in nAChR activity. These results indicate that cotinine and anatabine can uniquely regulate short-term spatial memory, while nicotine seems to have more robust and general role in memory regulation in rodents. Thus, nAChR-activating alkaloids may possess distinct procognitive properties in rodents, depending on the memory types examined.
Collapse
|
13
|
Boiangiu RS, Mihasan M, Gorgan DL, Stache BA, Hritcu L. Anxiolytic, Promnesic, Anti-Acetylcholinesterase and Antioxidant Effects of Cotinine and 6-Hydroxy-L-Nicotine in Scopolamine-Induced Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:212. [PMID: 33535660 PMCID: PMC7912787 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotinine (COT) and 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine (6HLN) are two nicotinic derivatives that possess cognitive-improving abilities and antioxidant properties in different rodent models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), eluding the side-effects of nicotine (NIC), the parent molecule. In the current study, we evaluated the impact of COT and 6HLN on memory deterioration, anxiety, and oxidative stress in the scopolamine (SCOP)-induced zebrafish model of AD. For this, COT and 6HLN were acutely administered by immersion to zebrafish that were treated with SCOP before testing. The memory performances were assessed in Y-maze and object discrimination (NOR) tasks, while the anxiety-like behavior was evaluated in the novel tank diving test (NTT). The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and oxidative stress were measured from brain samples. The RT-qPCR analysis was used to evaluate the npy, egr1, bdnf, and nrf2a gene expression. Our data indicated that both COT and 6HLN attenuated the SCOP-induced anxiety-like behavior and memory impairment and reduced the oxidative stress and AChE activity in the brain of zebrafish. Finally, RT-qPCR analysis indicated that COT and 6HLN increased the npy, egr1, bdnf, and nrf2a gene expression. Therefore, COT and 6HLN could be used as tools for improving AD conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Razvan Stefan Boiangiu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (M.M.); (D.L.G.); (B.A.S.)
| | | | | | | | - Lucian Hritcu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (M.M.); (D.L.G.); (B.A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Das S, Murugesan K, Villegas Rodríguez GJ, Kaur J, Barham JP, Savateev A, Antonietti M, König B. Photocatalytic (Het)arylation of C(sp3)–H Bonds with Carbon Nitride. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Das
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kathiravan Murugesan
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Joshua P. Barham
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Aleksandr Savateev
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Developmental impaired Akt signaling in the Shank1 and Shank3 double knock-out mice. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1928-1944. [PMID: 33402706 PMCID: PMC8440179 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00979-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Human mutations and haploinsufficiency of the SHANK family genes are associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID). Complex phenotypes have been also described in all mouse models of Shank mutations and deletions, consistent with the heterogeneity of the human phenotypes. However, the specific role of Shank proteins in synapse and neuronal functions remain to be elucidated. Here, we generated a new mouse model to investigate how simultaneously deletion of Shank1 and Shank3 affects brain development and behavior in mice. Shank1-Shank3 DKO mice showed a low survival rate, a developmental strong reduction in the activation of intracellular signaling pathways involving Akt, S6, ERK1/2, and eEF2 during development and a severe behavioral impairments. Our study suggests that Shank1 and Shank3 proteins are essential to developmentally regulate the activation of Akt and correlated intracellular pathways crucial for mammalian postnatal brain development and synaptic plasticity. Therefore, Akt function might represent a new therapeutic target for enhancing cognitive abilities of syndromic ASD patients.
Collapse
|
16
|
Dong Y, Bi W, Zheng K, Zhu E, Wang S, Xiong Y, Chang J, Jiang J, Liu B, Lu Z, Cheng Y. Nicotine Prevents Oxidative Stress-Induced Hippocampal Neuronal Injury Through α7-nAChR/Erk1/2 Signaling Pathway. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:557647. [PMID: 33328880 PMCID: PMC7717967 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.557647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage has been implicated to play a dominant role in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Nicotine, a principal additive compound for tobacco users, is thought as a candidate to attenuate amyloid-β-mediated neurotoxicity and NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. Previous studies demonstrated that nicotine exerted this neuroprotective action on oxidative stress. However, the mechanisms underlying how nicotine contributes on oxidative injury in immortalized hippocampal HT-22 cells remain largely unknown. Therefore, in this study we investigated that the potential effects of nicotine on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative injury and underlying mechanisms in HT-22 cells. We found that pretreatment with nicotine at low concentrations markedly recovered the cell cycle that was arrested at the G2/M phase in the presence of H2O2 through reduced intracellular ROS generation. Moreover, nicotine attenuated H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions. Mechanistically, the application of nicotine significantly upregulated the levels of phosphorylated Erk1/2. The neuroprotective effects of nicotine, in turn, were abolished by PD0325901, a selective Erk1/2 inhibitor. Further obtained investigation showed that nicotine exerted its neuroprotective effects via specifically activating α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7-nAChRs). A selective inhibitor of α7-nAChRs, methyllycaconitine citrate (MLA), not only completely prevented nicotine-mediated antioxidation but also abolished expression of p-Erk1/2. Taken together, our findings suggest that nicotine suppresses H2O2-induced HT-22 cell injury through activating the α7-nAChR/Erk1/2 signaling pathway, which indicates that nicotine may be a novel strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenchuan Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Enni Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaoxiang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiping Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junlei Chang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianbing Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bingfeng Liu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhonghua Lu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongxian Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Boiangiu RS, Mihasan M, Gorgan DL, Stache BA, Petre BA, Hritcu L. Cotinine and 6-Hydroxy-L-Nicotine Reverses Memory Deficits and Reduces Oxidative Stress in Aβ 25-35-Induced Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E768. [PMID: 32824768 PMCID: PMC7465470 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The nicotinic derivatives, cotinine (COT), and 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine (6HLN), showed promising cognitive-improving effects without exhibiting the nicotine's side-effects. Here, we investigated the impact of COT and 6HLN on memory impairment and the oxidative stress in the Aβ25-35-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). COT and 6HLN were chronically administered to Aβ25-35-treated rats, and their memory performances were assessed using in vivo tasks (Y-maze, novel object recognition, and radial arm maze). By using in silico tools, we attempted to associate the behavioral outcomes with the calculated binding potential of these nicotinic compounds in the allosteric sites of α7 and α4β2 subtypes of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The oxidative status and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were determined from the hippocampal tissues. RT-qPCR assessed bdnf, arc, and il-1β mRNA levels. Our data revealed that COT and 6HLN could bind to α7 and α4β2 nAChRs with similar or even higher affinity than nicotine. Consequently, the treatment exhibited a pro-cognitive, antioxidant, and anti-AChE profile in the Aβ25-35-induced rat model of AD. Finally, RT-qPCR analysis revealed that COT and 6HLN positively modulated the bdnf, arc, and il-1β genes expression. Therefore, these nicotinic derivatives that act on the cholinergic system might represent a promising choice to ameliorate AD conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Razvan Stefan Boiangiu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (R.S.B.); (M.M.); (D.L.G.); (B.A.S.)
| | - Marius Mihasan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (R.S.B.); (M.M.); (D.L.G.); (B.A.S.)
| | - Dragos Lucian Gorgan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (R.S.B.); (M.M.); (D.L.G.); (B.A.S.)
| | - Bogdan Alexandru Stache
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (R.S.B.); (M.M.); (D.L.G.); (B.A.S.)
- Center for Fundamental Research and Experimental Development in Translation Medicine—TRANSCEND, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Brindusa Alina Petre
- Center for Fundamental Research and Experimental Development in Translation Medicine—TRANSCEND, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Lucian Hritcu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (R.S.B.); (M.M.); (D.L.G.); (B.A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Um YH, Wang SM, Han KD, Kim NY, Kang DW, Na HR, Lee CU, Lim HK. Differential Impact of Cigarette Smoking on Fracture Risks in Subjective Cognitive Decline and Dementia: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study. Psychiatry Investig 2020; 17:786-795. [PMID: 32750761 PMCID: PMC7449844 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the differential impact of cigarette smoking on fracture risks in SCD and dementia. METHODS A nationwide population-based cohort study design was used. Out of all the people aged 66 (n=1,555,103) who went through the National Screening Program from 2009-2014, 968,240 participants with eligible data were included in the study. Time-to-event was calculated as the duration between the NSPTA and fracture incidence. Cox proportional-hazard regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the risk of fractures. RESULTS Increased risk of all [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR)=1.184; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.184, 1.093-1.283], hip (aHR=1.518; 95% CI=1.168-4.972), vertebral (aHR=1.235; 95% CI=1.101-1.386) fractures were increased in current smokers with more than 20 or more pack years (≥20 py) of SCD group, after adjusting for all relevant confounding factors. In dementia group, however, current smokers ≥20 py were at reduced risk of hip fractures (aHR=0.249; 95% CI=0.089-0.97). CONCLUSION There was a disparate influence of cigarette smoking on the fracture risks in SCD and dementia group. Further studies are warranted to explicate this phenomenon, and personalized preventive measures according to one's cognitive status are imperative, since risk factors of fractures can exert disparate influence on patients at different stage of cognitive trajectory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Hyun Um
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheng-Min Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-do Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nak-Young Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woo Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Ran Na
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Uk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kook Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Iarkov A, Barreto GE, Grizzell JA, Echeverria V. Strategies for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease: Beyond Dopamine. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:4. [PMID: 32076403 PMCID: PMC7006457 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second-leading cause of dementia and is characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra alongside the presence of intraneuronal α-synuclein-positive inclusions. Therapies to date have been directed to the restoration of the dopaminergic system, and the prevention of dopaminergic neuronal cell death in the midbrain. This review discusses the physiological mechanisms involved in PD as well as new and prospective therapies for the disease. The current data suggest that prevention or early treatment of PD may be the most effective therapeutic strategy. New advances in the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of PD predict the development of more personalized and integral therapies in the years to come. Thus, the development of more reliable biomarkers at asymptomatic stages of the disease, and the use of genetic profiling of patients will surely permit a more effective treatment of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Iarkov
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - J Alex Grizzell
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile.,Research & Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Alzheimer's Disease Therapeutic Approaches. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1195:105-116. [PMID: 32468465 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32633-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) was first described and diagnosed by Dr. Alois Alzheimer in 1906 (Hippius and Neundorfer, Dialogues Clin Neurosc 5:101-108, 2003). According to World Health Organization (WHO), AD is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for as many as 60-70% of senile dementia cases and affecting 47.5 million people worldwide (data from 2015) (Dementia Fact Sheet No 362. http://who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs362/en/ ). The median survival time after the onset of dementia ranges from 3.3 to 11.7 years (Todd et al. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 28:1109-1124, 2013). AD is characterized as a severe, chronic, incurable, and progressive neurodegenerative disorder, associated with memory loss and cognition impairment accompanied by abnormal behavior and personality changes (Godyn et al. Pharmacol Rep 68:127-138, 2016). AD is characterized by neuronal death, which usually correlates with the appearance of key neuropathological changes, including acetylcholine deficiency, glutamate excitotoxicity, extracellular deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ plaques), intracellular neurofibrillary tangles by hyperphosphorylated tau protein deposits, neuroinflammation, and widespread neuronal loss (Godyn et al. Pharmacol Rep 68:127-138, 2016; Graham et al. Annu Rev. Med 68:413-430, 2017). The discovery of the degeneration of cholinergic neurons and the reduction of acetylcholine levels in postmortem studies of patients resulted in the use of drugs that leads to the increase of acetylcholine levels in brain (Dubois et al. Lacet Neurol 13:614-629, 2014). At present there is no preventative or curative treatment that interferes with the development of the disease. However, in recent years progress was made in the development of cholinergic drugs which have a positive effect on disease progression. Nowadays, specific drugs that can inhibit the enzyme that degrades acetylcholine are used. The development of new effective drugs involves a difficult and time-consuming process, accompanied by a very high failure rate. In the absence of effective therapies, the estimated number of people with dementia will reach 115 to 131, five million by 2050 (Dubois et al. Lacet Neurol 13:614-629, 2014; Cummings et al. Alzheimers Res Ther 6:37, 2014). Novel therapies and new targets required for developing more effective drugs for the treatment of AD patients are urgently needed.
Collapse
|
21
|
Kaufman MJ, Kanayama G, Hudson JI, Pope HG. Supraphysiologic-dose anabolic-androgenic steroid use: A risk factor for dementia? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 100:180-207. [PMID: 30817935 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Supraphysiologic-dose anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use is associated with physiologic, cognitive, and brain abnormalities similar to those found in people at risk for developing Alzheimer's Disease and its related dementias (AD/ADRD), which are associated with high brain β-amyloid (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (tau-P) protein levels. Supraphysiologic-dose AAS induces androgen abnormalities and excess oxidative stress, which have been linked to increased and decreased expression or activity of proteins that synthesize and eliminate, respectively, Aβ and tau-P. Aβ and tau-P accumulation may begin soon after initiating supraphysiologic-dose AAS use, which typically occurs in the early 20s, and their accumulation may be accelerated by other psychoactive substance use, which is common among non-medical AAS users. Accordingly, the widespread use of supraphysiologic-dose AAS may increase the numbers of people who develop dementia. Early diagnosis and correction of sex-steroid level abnormalities and excess oxidative stress could attenuate risk for developing AD/ADRD in supraphysiologic-dose AAS users, in people with other substance use disorders, and in people with low sex-steroid levels or excess oxidative stress associated with aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc J Kaufman
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Gen Kanayama
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James I Hudson
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Harrison G Pope
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen Y, Chen W, Lan Y, Wang K, Wu Y, Zhong X, Ying K, Li J, Yang G. Determination of 18 phenolic acids in tobacco and rhizosphere soil by ultra high performance liquid chromatography combined with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:816-825. [PMID: 30580494 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An ultra high performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method for the determination of free and bound phenolic acids in tobacco plant and soil was developed. A simple solid-phase extraction, which used Polar Enhanced Polymer column as stationary phase and methanol as mobile phase, was used for the clean-up of bound phenolic acids, and a liquid-phase extraction using chloroform as solvent was used to purify free phenolic acids. With our method, 18 phenolic acids in rhizosphere soil of continuous cropping flue-cured cultivar k326 were separated and determined within 6 min with recoveries of 82-107% and relative standard deviations (n = 5) of 1.1-4.8%. Results showed that free phenolic acids accounted for 0-9, 92-100, and 69-100% of total phenolic acids in rhizosphere soil, cultivar k326 roots and leaves, respectively. Results also revealed that p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, and syringic acid were the predominant phenolic acids in rhizosphere soil of cultivar k326, and continuous cropping of cultivar k326 in the same farmland could lead to the accumulation of these phenolic acids in soil except syringic acid. The determination of phenolic acids provided detailed information for evaluating their source and characteristics in continuous cropping tobacco plant and soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YuXi Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yan Lan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - KaiTeng Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - YongChen Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - XiaoLi Zhong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - KaiYang Ying
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - JunYing Li
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - GuiDi Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ahmad Azam A, Ismail IS, Shaikh MF, Shaari K, Abas F. Effects of Clinacanthus nutans leaf extract on lipopolysaccharide -induced neuroinflammation in rats: A behavioral and 1H NMR-based metabolomics study. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2019; 9:164-186. [PMID: 30984581 PMCID: PMC6448548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research revealed the biochemical outcomes of metabolic dysregulation in serum associated with physiological sickness behavior following lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation in rats, and treatment with Clinacanthus nutans (CN). Verification of 1H NMR analysis of the CN aqueous extract proved the existence of bioactive phytochemical constituents' in extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five rats were subjected to unilateral stereotaxic injection of 10 µL LPS (1 mg/mL), while another ten rats were injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, 10 µL) as control. Then, 29 parameters of rat behavior related to sickness were tracked by a device software (SMART 3.0.1) on days 0 and 14 of CN treatment. The acquired and accumulated data were analyzed using multivariate data analysis with the SIMCA Software package (version 13, Umetrics AB; Umeå, Sweden). The pattern trends of related groups were documented using PCA and OPLS analysis. RESULTS A similar ameliorated correlation pattern was detected between improvement in physiological sickness behavior and anti-inflammatory biomarkers by the 1H NMR spectra of the sera following treatment with CN (500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight (bw)) and the control drug (dextromethorphan hydrobromide, 5 mg/kg of rats bw) in rats. Here, 21 biomarkers were detected for neuroinflammation. Treatment with the aqueous CN extract resulted in a statistically significant alteration in neuroinflammation metabolite biomarkers, including ethanol, choline, and acetate. CONCLUSION This result denotes that the metabolomics approach is a reliable tool to disclose the relationship between central neuroinflammation, and systemic metabolic and physiological disturbances which could be used for future ethno-pharmacological assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amalina Ahmad Azam
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia,Corresponding Author: Tel: +60 3 89471490, Fax: +60 3 89472101,
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sifat AE, Vaidya B, Kaisar MA, Cucullo L, Abbruscato TJ. Nicotine and electronic cigarette (E-Cig) exposure decreases brain glucose utilization in ischemic stroke. J Neurochem 2018; 147:204-221. [PMID: 30062776 PMCID: PMC6394831 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that nicotine exposure decreases glucose transport across the blood-brain barrier in ischemia-reperfusion conditions. We hypothesize that nicotine can also dysregulate brain parenchymal glucose utilization by altering glucose transporters with effects on sensitivity to ischemic stroke. In this study, we investigated the effects of nicotine exposure on neuronal glucose utilization using an in vitro ischemic stroke model. We also tested the effects of e-Cig vaping on ischemic brain glucose utilization using an acute brain slice technique. Primary cortical neurons and brain slices were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation to mimic ischemia-reperfusion injury. We estimated brain cell glucose utilization by measuring the uptake of [3 H] deoxy-d-glucose. Immunofluorescence and western blotting were done to characterize glucose transporters (GLUTs) and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) expression. Furthermore, we used a glycolytic stress test to measure the effects of nicotine exposure on neuronal glucose metabolism. We observed that short- and long-term nicotine/cotinine exposure significantly decreased neuronal glucose utilization in ischemic conditions and the non-specific nAChR antagonist, mecamylamine reversed this effect. Nicotine/cotinine exposure also decreased neuronal GLUT1 and up-regulated α7 nAChR expression and decreased glycolysis. Exposure of mice to e-Cig vapor for 7 days likewise decreases brain glucose uptake under normoxic and ischemic conditions along with down-regulation of GLUT1 and GLUT3 expressions. These data support, from a cerebrovascular perspective, that nicotine and/or e-Cig vaping induce a state of glucose deprivation at the neurovascular unit which could lead to enhanced ischemic brain injury and/or stroke risk. OPEN PRACTICES: Open Science: This manuscript was awarded with the Open Materials Badge. For more information see: https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali E Sifat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - Mohammad A Kaisar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas J Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shen Y, Gu Y, Martin R. sp 3 C-H Arylation and Alkylation Enabled by the Synergy of Triplet Excited Ketones and Nickel Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:12200-12209. [PMID: 30184423 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Triplet ketone sensitizers are of central importance within the realm of photochemical transformations. Although the radical-type character of triplet excited states of diaryl ketones suggests the viability for triggering hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) and single-electron transfer (SET) processes, among others, their use as multifaceted catalysts in C-C bond-formation via sp3 C-H functionalization of alkane feedstocks still remains rather unexplored. Herein, we unlock a modular photochemical platform for forging C( sp3)-C( sp2) and C( sp3)-C( sp3) linkages from abundant alkane sp3 C-H bonds as functional handles using the synergy between nickel catalysts and simple, cheap and modular diaryl ketones. This method is distinguished by its wide scope that is obtained from cheap catalysts and starting precursors, thus complementing existing inner-sphere C-H functionalization protocols or recent photoredox scenarios based on iridium polypyridyl complexes. Additionally, such a platform provides a new strategy for streamlining the synthesis of complex molecules with high levels of predictable site-selectivity and preparative utility. Mechanistic experiments suggest that sp3 C-H abstraction occurs via HAT from the ketone triplet excited state. We believe this study will contribute to a more systematic utilization of triplet excited ketones as catalysts in metallaphotoredox scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Shen
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Av. Països Catalans 16 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain.,Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Yiting Gu
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Av. Països Catalans 16 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain.,Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Av. Països Catalans 16 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain.,ICREA , Passeig Lluïs Companys 23 , 08010 Barcelona , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mendoza C, Barreto GE, Iarkov A, Tarasov VV, Aliev G, Echeverria V. Cotinine: A Therapy for Memory Extinction in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6700-6711. [PMID: 29335846 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0869-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that may develop after exposure to exceptionally threatening or unescapable horrifying events. Actual therapies fail to alleviate the emotional suffering and cognitive impairment associated with this disorder, mostly because they are ineffective in treating the failure to extinguish trauma memories in a great percentage of those affected. In this review, current behavioral, cellular, and molecular evidence supporting the use of cotinine for treating PTSD are reviewed. The role of the positive modulation by cotinine of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and their downstream effectors, the protection of astroglia, and the inhibition of microglia in the PTSD brain are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristhian Mendoza
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexandre Iarkov
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - Vadim V Tarasov
- Institute of Pharmacy and Translational Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Severniy Proezd, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 1142432, Russia. .,"GALLY" International Biomedical Research Consulting LLC, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA. .,School of Health Sciences and Healthcare Administration, University of Atlanta, Johns Creek, GA, 30097, USA.
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, 4030000, Concepción, Chile. .,Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Research and Development, Bay Pines, FL, 33744, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rego Campello H, Gallagher T. C(5) Site-Selective Functionalization of (S)-Cotinine. J Org Chem 2018; 83:516-520. [PMID: 29207240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
(S)-(-)-Cotinine 2 undergoes direct and site-selective iridium-catalyzed borylation to provide boronate ester 3 and bromide 4 which offer flexible entry to a range of C(5)-substituted cotinine variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Rego Campello
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Gallagher
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Grizzell JA, Patel S, Barreto GE, Echeverria V. Cotinine improves visual recognition memory and decreases cortical Tau phosphorylation in the Tg6799 mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 78:75-81. [PMID: 28536070 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with the progressive aggregation of hyperphosphorylated forms of the microtubule associated protein Tau in the central nervous system. Cotinine, the main metabolite of nicotine, reduced working memory deficits, synaptic loss, and amyloid β peptide aggregation into oligomers and plaques as well as inhibited the cerebral Tau kinase, glycogen synthase 3β (GSK3β) in the transgenic (Tg)6799 (5XFAD) mice. In this study, the effect of cotinine on visual recognition memory and cortical Tau phosphorylation at the GSK3β sites Serine (Ser)-396/Ser-404 and phospho-CREB were investigated in the Tg6799 and non-transgenic (NT) littermate mice. Tg mice showed short-term visual recognition memory impairment in the novel object recognition test, and higher levels of Tau phosphorylation when compared to NT mice. Cotinine significantly improved visual recognition memory performance increased CREB phosphorylation and reduced cortical Tau phosphorylation. Potential mechanisms underlying theses beneficial effects are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Alex Grizzell
- Research & Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL 33744, USA
| | - Sagar Patel
- Department of Psychology, NeuroNET Research Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia; Center for Biomedical Research, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Carlos Antúnez 1920, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Research & Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL 33744, USA; Fac. Cs de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción 4080871, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Oliveira-Souza FG, DeRamus ML, van Groen T, Lambert AE, Bolding MS, Strang CE. Retinal changes in the Tg-SwDI mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience 2017; 354:43-53. [PMID: 28450267 PMCID: PMC5495115 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a debilitating neurodegenerative illness, is characterized by neuronal cell loss, mental deficits, and abnormalities in several neurotransmitter and protein systems. AD is also associated with visual disturbances, but their causes remain unidentified. We hypothesize that the visual disturbances stem from retinal changes, particularly changes in the retinal cholinergic system, and that the etiology in the retina parallels the etiology in the rest of the brain. To test our hypothesis, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were employed to assess changes in acetylcholine receptor (AChR) gene expression, number of retinal cells, and astrocytic gliosis in the Transgenic Swedish, Dutch and Iowa (Tg-SwDI) mouse model as compared to age-matched wild-type (WT). We observed that Tg-SwDI mice showed an initial upregulation of AChR gene expression early on (young adults and middle-aged adults), but a downregulation later on (old adults). Furthermore, transgenic animals displayed significant cell loss in the photoreceptor layer and inner retina of the young adult animals, as well as specific cholinergic cell loss, and increased astrocytic gliosis in the middle-aged adult and old adult groups. Our results suggest that the changes observed in AD cerebrum are also present in the retina and may be, at least in part, responsible for the visual deficits associated with the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fred G Oliveira-Souza
- Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Marci L DeRamus
- Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Thomas van Groen
- Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Alexis E Lambert
- Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mark S Bolding
- Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Uriarte I, Pérez C, Caballero-Mancebo E, Basterretxea FJ, Lesarri A, Fernández JA, Cocinero EJ. Structural Studies of Nicotinoids: Cotinine versus Nicotine. Chemistry 2017; 23:7238-7244. [PMID: 28212459 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinoids are agonists of the acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and play important biochemical and pharmacological roles. Herein, we report on the structure and conformation of cotinine, and compare its molecular properties with the nicotine prototype, from which it only differs in the addition of a carbonyl group. This investigation included a theoretical survey of the effects of rotamerization of the pyridine moiety, the puckering of the pyrrolidinone ring and the internal rotation of the methyl group. The experimental work examined the rotational spectrum of the molecule in a supersonic expansion, using both broadband chirped-pulse excitation techniques and cavity microwave spectrometers. Two conformers were observed for cotinine, and the fine and hyperfine structures arising from the two quadrupolar 14 N nuclei and the methyl internal rotor were fully analyzed. The two observed conformers share the same twisted conformation of the five-membered ring, but differ in a roughly 180° rotamerization around the C-C bond connecting the two rings. The energy barriers for the internal rotation of the methyl group in cotinine (4.55(4) and 4.64(3) kJ mol-1 , respectively) are much lower than in nicotine (estimated in 16.5 kJ mol-1 ). The combination of different intramolecular electronic effects, hydrogen bonding and possible binding differences to receptor molecules arising from the carbonyl group could explain the lower affinity of cotinine for nAChRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iciar Uriarte
- Departamento Química Física, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Apartado 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Pérez
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elena Caballero-Mancebo
- Departamento Química Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Basterretxea
- Departamento Química Física, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Apartado 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alberto Lesarri
- Departamento Química Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - José A Fernández
- Departamento Química Física, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Apartado 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Emilio J Cocinero
- Departamento Química Física, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Apartado 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
A Biologically-Based Computational Approach to Drug Repurposing for Anthrax Infection. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9030099. [PMID: 28287432 PMCID: PMC5371854 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9030099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing drugs to treat the toxic effects of lethal toxin (LT) and edema toxin (ET) produced by B. anthracis is of global interest. We utilized a computational approach to score 474 drugs/compounds for their ability to reverse the toxic effects of anthrax toxins. For each toxin or drug/compound, we constructed an activity network by using its differentially expressed genes, molecular targets, and protein interactions. Gene expression profiles of drugs were obtained from the Connectivity Map and those of anthrax toxins in human alveolar macrophages were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Drug rankings were based on the ability of a drug/compound’s mode of action in the form of a signaling network to reverse the effects of anthrax toxins; literature reports were used to verify the top 10 and bottom 10 drugs/compounds identified. Simvastatin and bepridil with reported in vitro potency for protecting cells from LT and ET toxicities were computationally ranked fourth and eighth. The other top 10 drugs were fenofibrate, dihydroergotamine, cotinine, amantadine, mephenytoin, sotalol, ifosfamide, and mefloquine; literature mining revealed their potential protective effects from LT and ET toxicities. These drugs are worthy of investigation for their therapeutic benefits and might be used in combination with antibiotics for treating B. anthracis infection.
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the loss of memory, multiple cognitive impairments and changes in the personality and behavior. Several decades of intense research have revealed that multiple cellular changes are involved in disease process, including synaptic damage, mitochondrial abnormalities and inflammatory responses, in addition to formation and accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau. Although tremendous progress has been made in understanding the impact of neurotransmitters in the progression and pathogenesis of AD, we still do not have a drug molecule associated with neurotransmitter(s) that can delay disease process in elderly individuals and/or restore cognitive functions in AD patients. The purpose of our article is to assess the latest developments in neurotransmitters research using cell and mouse models of AD. We also updated the current status of clinical trials using neurotransmitters' agonists/antagonists in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kandimalla
- Garrison Institute on Aging Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Pharmacology & Neuroscience Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Garrison Institute on Aging Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Pharmacology & Neuroscience Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Cell Biology & Biochemistry Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Neurology Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Garrison Institute on Aging, South West Campus, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Iarkov A, Appunn D, Echeverria V. Post-treatment with cotinine improved memory and decreased depressive-like behavior after chemotherapy in rats. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2016; 78:1033-1039. [PMID: 27709283 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-3161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Most cancer patients treated with systemic adjuvant chemotherapy endure long-lasting side effects including decrease in concentration, forgetfulness and slower thinking, which are globally termed "chemobrain." Cotinine, the main derivative of nicotine, improved visual and spatial working memory and decreased depressive-like behavior in an animal model of chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment. METHODS In this study, we investigated the effect of cotinine on weight gain, locomotor activity, cognitive abilities and depressive-like behavior in rats treated with the chemotherapy mix, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil. Locomotor activity and depressive-like behavior were assessed using the rotarod and Porsolt's tests, respectively. Changes in cognitive abilities were determined using the novel place recognition test. RESULTS Female rats treated with cotinine after chemotherapy, recovered weight faster, showed superior cognitive abilities and lower levels of depressive-like behavior than chemotherapy, vehicle-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS This evidence suggests that treatment with cotinine may facilitate the recovery and diminish the cognitive consequences of chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Iarkov
- Facultad de ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, 4080871, Concepción, Chile
| | - Doreen Appunn
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, 33744, USA
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Facultad de ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, 4080871, Concepción, Chile. .,Department of Veterans Affairs, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, 10,000 Bay Pines Blvd. Bldg. 22, Rm. 123, Bay Pines, FL, 33744, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Echeverria V, Yarkov A, Aliev G. Positive modulators of the α7 nicotinic receptor against neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 144:142-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
35
|
Kaisar MA, Prasad S, Liles T, Cucullo L. A decade of e-cigarettes: Limited research & unresolved safety concerns. Toxicology 2016; 365:67-75. [PMID: 27477296 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that tobacco consumption is a leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide and has been linked to major diseases ranging from cancer to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atherosclerosis, stroke and a host of neurological/neurodegenerative disorders. In the past decade a number of alternative vaping products have hit the market, rapidly gaining consumers especially among the younger population. Electronic nicotine delivery systems or e-cigarettes have become the sought-after product due to the belief that they are much safer than traditional cigarettes. However, inadequate research and lack of regulatory guidelines for both the manufacturing process and the content of the vaping solution of the e-cigarette has become a major concern. Highly debated and unresolved questions such as whether e-cigarettes may help smokers quit and whether e-cigarettes will promote the use of nicotine among non-smokers add to the confusion of the safety of e-cigarettes. In this review article, we summarize the current understanding (and lack thereof) of the potential health impacts of e-cigarettes. We will also highlight the most recent studies (in vivo/in vitro) which seem to conflict with the broad safety claims put forward by the manufacturers. Finally, we provide potential solutions to overcome the research gap of the short and long-term health impact of e-cigarettes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abul Kaisar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Shikha Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Tylor Liles
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; Center for Blood Brain Barrier Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cazarim MDS, Moriguti JC, Ogunjimi AT, Pereira LRL. Perspectives for treating Alzheimer's disease: a review on promising pharmacological substances. SAO PAULO MED J 2016; 134:342-54. [PMID: 27557144 PMCID: PMC10876341 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2015.01980112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Dementia is a syndrome characterized by functional and cognitive decline. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common causes of dementia and has high prevalence among the elderly. It is known that there is no drug capable of interfering with the course of the disease. Research on treatments for AD has been marked by the appearance of new drugs and their abandonment. This study aimed to describe drugs that have been studied with regard to treating AD and which are capable of influencing the course of the disease. DESIGN AND SETTING Narrative review on original articles published worldwide. METHODS A systematized search was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library/Cochrane and SciELO/Bireme databases. The descriptors "Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action" and "Drug Therapy" were each combined with the descriptor "Alzheimer disease". All of these can be found in MeSH and DeCS. These descriptors were used alone or in combination, and a filter specifying publication between January 2009 and October 2015 in English, Spanish or Portuguese was set. RESULTS 6,888 articles were found, of which 37 were included in this review; 70.3% of the articles selected were of good quality with low or unclear risk of bias. 86 drugs were considered promising for AD treatment and these were classified into 20 pharmacological categories. CONCLUSION There are no drugs capable of influencing the course of AD such that treatments are safe and effective. However, immunomodulators stood out as promising, given their effectiveness and quality in the articles analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurílio de Souza Cazarim
- MSc. Doctoral Student in the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Julio Cesar Moriguti
- MSc, PhD. Associate professor (MS-5) in the Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Abayomi Tolulope Ogunjimi
- MSc, Professor in the Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria. Doctoral Student, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Régis Leira Pereira
- MSc, PhD. Professor of the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pressure Combined with Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Induces Deep Tissue Injury via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in a Rat Pressure Ulcer Model. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:284. [PMID: 26927073 PMCID: PMC4813148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressure ulcer is a complex and significant health problem in long-term bedridden patients, and there is currently no effective treatment or efficient prevention method. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms and pathogenesis contributing to the deep injury of pressure ulcers are unclear. The aim of the study was to explore the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and Akt/GSK3β signaling in pressure ulcers. A model of pressure-induced deep tissue injury in adult Sprague-Dawley rats was established. Rats were treated with 2-h compression and subsequent 0.5-h release for various cycles. After recovery, the tissue in the compressed regions was collected for further analysis. The compressed muscle tissues showed clear cellular degenerative features. First, the expression levels of ER stress proteins GRP78, CHOP, and caspase-12 were generally increased compared to those in the control. Phosphorylated Akt and phosphorylated GSK3β were upregulated in the beginning of muscle compression, and immediately significantly decreased at the initiation of ischemia-reperfusion injury in compressed muscles tissue. These data show that ER stress may be involved in the underlying mechanisms of cell degeneration after pressure ulcers and that the Akt/GSK3β signal pathway may play an important role in deep tissue injury induced by pressure and ischemia/reperfusion.
Collapse
|
38
|
Ke Z, Zhang X, Cao Z, Ding Y, Li N, Cao L, Wang T, Zhang C, Ding G, Wang Z, Xu X, Xiao W. Drug discovery of neurodegenerative disease through network pharmacology approach in herbs. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 78:272-279. [PMID: 26898452 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, referring to as the progressive loss of structure and function of neurons, constitute one of the major challenges of modern medicine. Traditional Chinese herbs have been used as a major preventive and therapeutic strategy against disease for thousands years. The numerous species of medicinal herbs and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) compound formulas in nervous system disease therapy make it a large chemical resource library for drug discovery. In this work, we collected 7362 kinds of herbs and 58,147 Traditional Chinese medicinal compounds (Tcmcs). The predicted active compounds in herbs have good oral bioavailability and central nervous system (CNS) permeability. The molecular docking and network analysis were employed to analyze the effects of herbs on neurodegenerative diseases. In order to evaluate the predicted efficacy of herbs, automated text mining was utilized to exhaustively search in PubMed by some related keywords. After that, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves was used to estimate the accuracy of predictions. Our study suggested that most herbs were distributed in family of Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae and Apocynaceae. The predictive model yielded good sensitivity and specificity with the AUC values above 0.800. At last, 504 kinds of herbs were obtained by using the optimal cutoff values in ROC curves. These 504 herbs would be the most potential herb resources for neurodegenerative diseases treatment. This study would give us an opportunity to use these herbs as a chemical resource library for drug discovery of anti-neurodegenerative disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Ke
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Kanion Pharmaceutical Corporation, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xinzhuang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Kanion Pharmaceutical Corporation, Lianyungang, China
| | - Zeyu Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Kanion Pharmaceutical Corporation, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yue Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Kanion Pharmaceutical Corporation, Lianyungang, China
| | - Na Li
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Kanion Pharmaceutical Corporation, Lianyungang, China
| | - Liang Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Kanion Pharmaceutical Corporation, Lianyungang, China
| | - Tuanjie Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Kanion Pharmaceutical Corporation, Lianyungang, China
| | - Chenfeng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Kanion Pharmaceutical Corporation, Lianyungang, China
| | - Gang Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Kanion Pharmaceutical Corporation, Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Kanion Pharmaceutical Corporation, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Kanion Pharmaceutical Corporation, Lianyungang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Fox AM, Moonschi FH, Richards CI. The nicotine metabolite, cotinine, alters the assembly and trafficking of a subset of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:24403-12. [PMID: 26269589 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.661827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to nicotine alters the trafficking and assembly of nicotinic receptors (nAChRs), leading to their up-regulation on the plasma membrane. Although the mechanism is not fully understood, nicotine-induced up-regulation is believed to contribute to nicotine addiction. The effect of cotinine, the primary metabolite of nicotine, on nAChR trafficking and assembly has not been extensively investigated. We utilize a pH-sensitive variant of GFP, super ecliptic pHluorin, to differentiate between intracellular nAChRs and those expressed on the plasma membrane to quantify changes resulting from cotinine and nicotine exposure. Similar to nicotine, exposure to cotinine increases the number of α4β2 receptors on the plasma membrane and causes a redistribution of intracellular receptors. In contrast to this, cotinine exposure down-regulates α6β2β3 receptors. We also used single molecule fluorescence studies to show that cotinine and nicotine both alter the assembly of α4β2 receptors to favor the high sensitivity (α4)2(β2)3 stoichiometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Fox
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506
| | - Faruk H Moonschi
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Enhanced behavioral response by decreasing brain oxidative stress to 6-hydroxy-l-nicotine in Alzheimer’s disease rat model. Neurosci Lett 2015; 591:41-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
41
|
Barreto GE, Iarkov A, Moran VE. Beneficial effects of nicotine, cotinine and its metabolites as potential agents for Parkinson's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 6:340. [PMID: 25620929 PMCID: PMC4288130 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, which is characterized by neuroinflammation, dopaminergic neuronal cell death and motor dysfunction, and for which there are no proven effective treatments. The negative correlation between tobacco consumption and PD suggests that tobacco-derived compounds can be beneficial against PD. Nicotine, the more studied alkaloid derived from tobacco, is considered to be responsible for the beneficial behavioral and neurological effects of tobacco use in PD. However, several metabolites of nicotine, such as cotinine, also increase in the brain after nicotine administration. The effect of nicotine and some of its derivatives on dopaminergic neurons viability, neuroinflammation, and motor and memory functions, have been investigated using cellular and rodent models of PD. Current evidence shows that nicotine, and some of its derivatives diminish oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the brain and improve synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival of dopaminergic neurons. In vivo these effects resulted in improvements in mood, motor skills and memory in subjects suffering from PD pathology. In this review, we discuss the potential benefits of nicotine and its derivatives for treating PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George E Barreto
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
| | - Alexander Iarkov
- Center of Research in Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Research & Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System Bay Pines, FL, USA
| | - Valentina Echeverria Moran
- Center of Research in Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Research & Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System Bay Pines, FL, USA ; Research Service, James A Haley Veterans' Hospital Tampa, FL, USA ; Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Tampa, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Polindara-García LA, Montesinos-Miguel D, Vazquez A. An efficient microwave-assisted synthesis of cotinine and iso-cotinine analogs from an Ugi-4CR approach. Org Biomol Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01170a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A convenient synthesis of cotinine and iso-cotinine analogs featuring an Ugi-4CR/cyclization approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Polindara-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ciudad Universitaria
- México
| | - Dario Montesinos-Miguel
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ciudad Universitaria
- México
| | - Alfredo Vazquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ciudad Universitaria
- México
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lombardo S, Maskos U. Role of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in Alzheimer's disease pathology and treatment. Neuropharmacology 2014; 96:255-62. [PMID: 25514383 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the major form of senile dementia, characterized by neuronal loss, extracellular deposits, and neurofibrillary tangles. It is accompanied by a loss of cholinergic tone, and acetylcholine (ACh) levels in the brain, which were hypothesized to be responsible for the cognitive decline observed in AD. Current medication is restricted to enhancing cholinergic signalling for symptomatic treatment of AD patients. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor family (nAChR) and the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor family (mAChR) are the target of ACh in the brain. Both families of receptors are affected in AD. It was demonstrated that amyloid beta (Aβ) interacts with nAChRs. Here we discuss how Aβ activates or inhibits nAChRs, and how this interaction contributes to AD pathology. We will discuss the potential role of nAChRs as therapeutic targets. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'The Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor: From Molecular Biology to Cognition'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Lombardo
- Département de Neuroscience, Institut Pasteur, Unité Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, Paris Cedex 15, France; CNRS, UMR 3571, Paris, France.
| | - Uwe Maskos
- Département de Neuroscience, Institut Pasteur, Unité Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, Paris Cedex 15, France; CNRS, UMR 3571, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Terry AV, Callahan PM, Bertrand D. R-(+) and S-(-) isomers of cotinine augment cholinergic responses in vitro and in vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 352:405-18. [PMID: 25503389 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.219881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The nicotine metabolite cotinine (1-methyl-5-[3-pyridynl]-2-pyrrolidinone), like its precursor, has been found to exhibit procognitive and neuroprotective effects in some model systems; however, the mechanism of these effects is unknown. In this study, both the R-(+) and S-(-) isomers of cotinine were initially evaluated in an extensive profiling screen and found to be relatively inactive across a wide range of potential pharmacologic targets. Electrophysiological studies on human α4β2 and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) expressed in Xenopus oocytes confirmed the absence of agonistic activity of cotinine at α4β2 or α7 nAChRs. However, a significant increase in the current evoked by a low concentration of acetylcholine was observed at α7 nAChRs exposed to 1.0 μM R-(+)- or S-(-)-cotinine. Based on these results, we used a spontaneous novel object recognition (NOR) procedure for rodents to test the hypothesis that R-(+)- or S-(-)-cotinine might improve recognition memory when administered alone or in combination with the Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutic agent donepezil. Although both isomers enhanced NOR performance when they were coadministered with donepezil, neither isomer was active alone. Moreover, the procognitive effects of the drug combinations were blocked by methyllycaconitine and dihydro-β-erythroidine, indicating that both α7 and α4β2 nAChRs contribute to the response. These results indicate that cotinine may sensitize α7 nAChRs to low levels of acetylcholine (a previously uncharacterized mechanism), and that cotinine could be used as an adjunctive agent to improve the effective dose range of cholinergic compounds (e.g., donepezil) in the treatment of AD and other memory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvin V Terry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Small Animal Behavior Core, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia (A.V.T., P.M.C.); and HiQScreen Sàrl, Geneva, Switzerland (D.B.)
| | - Patrick M Callahan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Small Animal Behavior Core, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia (A.V.T., P.M.C.); and HiQScreen Sàrl, Geneva, Switzerland (D.B.)
| | - Daniel Bertrand
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Small Animal Behavior Core, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia (A.V.T., P.M.C.); and HiQScreen Sàrl, Geneva, Switzerland (D.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wheaton AG, Ford ES, Cunningham TJ, Croft JB. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hospital visits, and comorbidities: National Survey of Residential Care Facilities, 2010. J Aging Health 2014; 27:480-99. [PMID: 25288588 DOI: 10.1177/0898264314552419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among residential care facility (RCF) residents in the United States, and to compare patterns of hospital visits and comorbidities with residents without COPD. METHOD Resident data from the 2010 National Survey of Residential Care Facilities were analyzed. Medical history and information on past-year hospital visits for 8,089 adult residents were obtained from interviews with RCF staff. RESULTS COPD prevalence was 12.4%. Compared with residents without COPD, emergency department visits or overnight hospital stays in the previous year were more prevalent (p < .05) among residents with COPD. Less than 3% of residents with COPD had no comorbidities. Arthritis, depression, congestive heart failure (CHF), diabetes, coronary heart disease, and asthma were more common (p < .05) among residents with COPD than those without COPD, but Alzheimer's disease was less common. DISCUSSION COPD is associated with more emergency department visits, hospital stays, and comorbidities among RCF residents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne G Wheaton
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Earl S Ford
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Janet B Croft
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kumar A, Singh A, Ekavali. A review on Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology and its management: an update. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 67:195-203. [PMID: 25712639 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 945] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease acknowledged as progressive multifarious neurodegenerative disorder, is the leading cause of dementia in late adult life. Pathologically it is characterized by intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular amyloidal protein deposits contributing to senile plaques. Over the last two decades, advances in the field of pathogenesis have inspired the researchers for the investigation of novel pharmacological therapeutics centered more towards the pathophysiological events of the disease. Currently available treatments i.e. acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (rivastigmine, galantamine, donepezil) and N-methyl d-aspartate receptor antagonist (memantine) contribute minimal impact on the disease and target late aspects of the disease. These drugs decelerate the progression of the disease, provide symptomatic relief but fail to achieve a definite cure. While the neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease are recognized but the intricacies of the mechanism have not been clearly defined. This lack of understanding regarding the pathogenic process may be the likely reason for the non-availability of effective treatment which can prevent onset and progression of the disease. Owing to the important progress in the field of pathophysiology in the last couple of years, new therapeutic targets are available that should render the underlying disease process to be tackled directly. In this review, authors will discusses the different aspects of pathophysiological mechanisms behind Alzheimer's disease and its management through conventional drug therapy, including modern investigational therapeutic strategies, recently completed and ongoing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Arti Singh
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ekavali
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Grizzell JA, Iarkov A, Holmes R, Mori T, Echeverria V. Cotinine reduces depressive-like behavior, working memory deficits, and synaptic loss associated with chronic stress in mice. Behav Brain Res 2014; 268:55-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
48
|
Grizzell JA, Echeverria V. New Insights into the Mechanisms of Action of Cotinine and its Distinctive Effects from Nicotine. Neurochem Res 2014; 40:2032-46. [PMID: 24970109 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1359-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco consumption is far higher among a number of psychiatric and neurological diseases, supporting the notion that some component(s) of tobacco may underlie the oft-reported reduction in associated symptoms during tobacco use. Popular dogma holds that this component is nicotine. However, increasing evidence support theories that cotinine, the main metabolite of nicotine, may underlie at least some of nicotine's actions in the nervous system, apart from its adverse cardiovascular and habit forming effects. Though similarities exist, disparate and even antagonizing actions between cotinine and nicotine have been described both in terms of behavior and physiology, underscoring the need to further characterize this potentially therapeutic compound. Cotinine has been shown to be psychoactive in humans and animals, facilitating memory, cognition, executive function, and emotional responding. Furthermore, recent research shows that cotinine acts as an antidepressant and reduces cognitive-impairment associated with disease and stress-induced dysfunction. Despite these promising findings, continued focus on this potentially safe alternative to tobacco and nicotine use is lacking. Here, we review the effects of cotinine, including comparisons with nicotine, and discuss potential mechanisms of cotinine-specific actions in the central nervous system which are, to date, still being elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Alex Grizzell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33611, USA.,Department of Research and Development, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, 10,000 Bay Pines Blvd., Bldg. 23, Rm. 123, Bay Pines, FL, 33744, USA
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Department of Research and Development, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, 10,000 Bay Pines Blvd., Bldg. 23, Rm. 123, Bay Pines, FL, 33744, USA. .,Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Carlos Antúnez 1920, Providencia, Santiago, Chile. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33647, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Cotinine impacts sensory processing in DBA/2 mice through changes in the conditioning amplitude. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 117:144-50. [PMID: 24374321 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cotinine, a major metabolite of nicotine, has produced improved learning and memory in rodents and non-human primates and corrects apomorphine-induced loss of pre-pulse startle inhibition in rats. The present study assessed cotinine, both acute and chronic (7-day), in the sensory inhibition paradigm in DBA/2 mice. These mice spontaneously show a deficit in hippocampal sensory inhibition, as assessed by the P20-N40 EEG paradigm, which models the deficit observed in schizophrenia patients. Anesthetized DBA/2 mice were recorded in the CA3 region of hippocampus for inhibition of paired, identical auditory stimuli, then administered cotinine (0.33, 0.1, 0.33, 1.0 or 3.3 mg/kg SQ) and recorded for 90 min. At doses of 0.1, 0.33 and 1.0 mg/kg, there were significant increases in conditioning amplitude, with no changes in test amplitude or TC ratio. Blockade of α4β2 nicotinic receptors with central administration of DHΒE blocked the increase in the conditioning amplitude induced by the 1.0 mg/kg dose of cotinine, as did blockade of α7 nicotinic receptors with α-bungarotoxin. Daily injections of 0.33, 1.0 or 3.3 mg/kg for 7 days produced similar increases in the conditioning amplitude on the 7th day, but only at the 0.33 and 3.3 mg/kg doses. Determination of the "carry over" effect of the previous 6 daily doses of cotinine, prior to the 7th dose, showed that there was a significant increase in the conditioning amplitude as compared to the baseline data for mice receiving the equivalent acute dose. There were no significant effects on test amplitude or TC ratio for any of the chronic doses. These data suggest that cotinine modulates the conditioning amplitude in the sensory inhibition paradigm through the α4β2 nicotinic receptor and possibly also through the α7 nicotinic receptor, as well. However the data do not suggest that cotinine is a potential therapeutic for the treatment of sensory inhibition deficits in schizophrenia.
Collapse
|
50
|
Chen CR, Yang SR, Liu YY, Qu WM, Urade Y, Huang ZL. Roles of adrenergic α1 and dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in the mediation of the desynchronization effects of modafinil in a mouse EEG synchronization model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76102. [PMID: 24116090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synchronized electroencephalogram (EEG) activity is observed in pathological stages of cognitive impairment and epilepsy. Modafinil, known to increase the release of catecholamines, is a potent wake-promoting agent, and has shown some abilities to desynchronize EEG,but its receptor mechanisms by which modafinil induces desynchoronization remain to be elucidated. Here we used a pharmacological EEG synchronization model to investigate the involvement of adrenergic α1 receptors (R, α1R) and dopamine (DA) D1 and D2 receptors (D1Rs and D2Rs) on modafinil-induced desynchronization in mice. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Mice were treated with cholinergic receptor antagonist scopolamine and monoamine depletor reserpine to produce experimental EEG synchronization characterized by continuous large-amplitude synchronized activity, with prominent increased delta and decreased theta, alpha, and beta power density. The results showed that modafinil produced an EEG desynchronization in the model. This was characterized by a general decrease in amplitude of all the frequency bands between 0 and 20 Hz, a prominent reduction in delta power density, and an increase in theta power density. Adrenergic α1R antagonist terazosin (1 mg/kg, i.p.) completely antagonized the EEG desynchronization effects of modafinil at 90 mg/kg. However, DA D1R and D2R blockers partially attenuated the effects of modafinil. The modafinil-induced decrease in the amplitudes of the delta, theta, alpha, and beta waves and in delta power density were completely abolished by pretreatment with a combination of the D1R antagonist SCH 23390 (30 µg/kg) and the D2R antagonist raclopride (2 mg/kg, i.p.). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that modafinil-mediated desynchronization may be attributed to the activation of adrenergic α1R, and dopaminergic D1R and D2R in a model of EEG synchronization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Rui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|