1
|
Quagliariello V, Canale ML, Bisceglia I, Iovine M, Paccone A, Maurea C, Scherillo M, Merola A, Giordano V, Palma G, Luciano A, Bruzzese F, Zito Marino F, Montella M, Franco R, Berretta M, Gabrielli D, Gallucci G, Maurea N. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin prevents ejection fraction reduction, reduces myocardial and renal NF-κB expression and systemic pro-inflammatory biomarkers in models of short-term doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1289663. [PMID: 38818214 PMCID: PMC11138344 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1289663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Anthracycline-mediated adverse cardiovascular events are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) exert multiple cardiometabolic benefits in patients with/without type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction. We hypothesized that the SGLT2i dapagliflozin administered before and during doxorubicin (DOXO) therapy could prevent cardiac dysfunction and reduce pro-inflammatory pathways in preclinical models. Methods Cardiomyocytes were exposed to DOXO alone or combined with dapagliflozin (DAPA) at 10 and 100 nM for 24 h; cell viability, iATP, and Ca++ were quantified; lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy 2-hexenal), NLRP3, MyD88, and cytokines were also analyzed through selective colorimetric and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. Female C57Bl/6 mice were treated for 10 days with a saline solution or DOXO (2.17 mg/kg), DAPA (10 mg/kg), or DOXO combined with DAPA. Systemic levels of ferroptosis-related biomarkers, galectin-3, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and pro-inflammatory chemokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL17-α, IL-18, IFN-γ, TNF-α, G-CSF, and GM-CSF) were quantified. After treatments, immunohistochemical staining of myocardial and renal p65/NF-kB was performed. Results DAPA exerts cytoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties in human cardiomyocytes exposed to DOXO by reducing iATP and iCa++ levels, lipid peroxidation, NLRP-3, and MyD88 expression. Pro-inflammatory intracellular cytokines were also reduced. In preclinical models, DAPA prevented the reduction of radial and longitudinal strain and ejection fraction after 10 days of treatment with DOXO. A reduced myocardial expression of NLRP-3 and MyD-88 was seen in the DOXO-DAPA group compared to DOXO mice. Systemic levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, G-CSF, and GM-CSF were significantly reduced after treatment with DAPA. Serum levels of galectine-3 and hs-CRP were strongly enhanced in the DOXO group; on the other hand, their expression was reduced in the DAPA-DOXO group. Troponin-T, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), and N-Terminal Pro-BNP (NT-pro-BNP) were strongly reduced in the DOXO-DAPA group, revealing cardioprotective properties of SGLT2i. Mice treated with DOXO and DAPA exhibited reduced myocardial and renal NF-kB expression. Conclusion The overall picture of the study encourages the use of DAPA in the primary prevention of cardiomyopathies induced by anthracyclines in patients with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. Quagliariello
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS—Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italia
| | - M. L. Canale
- Cardiology Division, Azienda USL Toscana Nord-Ovest, Versilia Hospital, Lido di Camaiore, Italy
| | - I. Bisceglia
- Integrated Cardiology Services, Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Rome, Italy
| | - M. Iovine
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS—Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italia
| | - A. Paccone
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS—Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italia
| | - C. Maurea
- ASL NA1, UOC Neurology and Stroke Unit, Ospedale del Mare, Naples, Italy
| | - M. Scherillo
- Cardiology Department, San Pio Hospital, Benevento, Italy
| | - A. Merola
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - V. Giordano
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS—Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italia
| | - G. Palma
- SSD Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS—Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - A. Luciano
- SSD Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS—Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - F. Bruzzese
- SSD Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS—Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - F. Zito Marino
- Pathology Unit, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - M. Montella
- Pathology Unit, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - R. Franco
- Pathology Unit, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - M. Berretta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - D. Gabrielli
- U.O.C. Cardiologia, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlani-ni, Roma—Fondazione per il Tuo Cuore—Heart Care Foundation, Firenze, Italy
| | - G. Gallucci
- Cardio-Oncology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - N. Maurea
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS—Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alharbi SH. Anti-inflammatory role of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and its clinical implications. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2024; 15:20420188231222367. [PMID: 38288136 PMCID: PMC10823863 DOI: 10.1177/20420188231222367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have emerged as promising therapeutic agents with potent anti-inflammatory properties and diverse clinical implications. This in-depth review article explores the mechanisms behind the anti-inflammatory actions of GLP-1RAs and assesses their prospective applicability in a wide range of disease scenarios. The current review establishes the significance of comprehending the anti-inflammatory role of GLP-1RAs and identifies pertinent research gaps. A concise overview of inflammation and its clinical consequences underscores the critical need for effective anti-inflammatory interventions. Subsequently, the article elucidates the intricate mechanisms through which GLP-1RAs modulate immune cell signaling and regulate the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Detailed discussions encompass their impact on inflammatory responses, cytokine production, and attenuation of oxidative stress. The exposition is substantiated by a collection of pertinent examples and an extensive array of references from both preclinical and clinical investigations. The historical trajectory of GLP-1RA drugs, including exenatide, lixisenatide, liraglutide, and semaglutide, is traced to delineate their development as therapeutic agents. Moreover, the review emphasizes the therapeutic potential of GLP-1RAs in specific disease contexts like type 2 diabetes, a neurodegenerative disorder, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), shedding light on their anti-inflammatory effects through rigorous examination of preclinical and clinical studies. The article also provides an outlook on future perspectives for GLP-1RAs, encompassing the domains of diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and IBD. In conclusion, GLP-1RAs exhibit substantial anti-inflammatory effects, rendering them promising therapeutic agents with broad clinical implications. They are very useful in a wide variety of diseases because they regulate immunological responses, block NF-κB activation, and decrease production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Ongoing research endeavors aim to optimize their therapeutic use, delineate patient-specific treatment paradigms, and explore novel therapeutic applications. GLP-1RAs represent a significant breakthrough in anti-inflammatory therapy, offering novel treatment options, and improved patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Hadi Alharbi
- Department of Medicine, Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11652, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abdulmalik S, Gallo J, Nip J, Katebifar S, Arul M, Lebaschi A, Munch LN, Bartly JM, Choudhary S, Kalajzic I, Banasavadi-Siddegowdae YK, Nukavarapu SP, Kumbar SG. Nanofiber matrix formulations for the delivery of Exendin-4 for tendon regeneration: In vitro and in vivo assessment. Bioact Mater 2023; 25:42-60. [PMID: 36733930 PMCID: PMC9876843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon and ligament injuries are the most common musculoskeletal injuries, which not only impact the quality of life but result in a massive economic burden. Surgical interventions for tendon/ligament injuries utilize biological and/or engineered grafts to reconstruct damaged tissue, but these have limitations. Engineered matrices confer superior physicochemical properties over biological grafts but lack desirable bioactivity to promote tissue healing. While incorporating drugs can enhance bioactivity, large matrix surface areas and hydrophobicity can lead to uncontrolled burst release and/or incomplete release due to binding. To overcome these limitations, we evaluated the delivery of a peptide growth factor (exendin-4; Ex-4) using an enhanced nanofiber matrix in a tendon injury model. To overcome drug surface binding due to matrix hydrophobicity of poly(caprolactone) (PCL)-which would be expected to enhance cell-material interactions-we blended PCL and cellulose acetate (CA) and electrospun nanofiber matrices with fiber diameters ranging from 600 to 1000 nm. To avoid burst release and protect the drug, we encapsulated Ex-4 in the open lumen of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), sealed the HNT tube endings with a polymer blend, and mixed Ex-4-loaded HNTs into the polymer mixture before electrospinning. This reduced burst release from ∼75% to ∼40%, but did not alter matrix morphology, fiber diameter, or tensile properties. We evaluated the bioactivity of the Ex-4 nanofiber formulation by culturing human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on matrix surfaces for 21 days and measuring tenogenic differentiation, compared with nanofiber matrices in basal media alone. Strikingly, we observed that Ex-4 nanofiber matrices accelerated the hMSC proliferation rate and elevated levels of sulfated glycosaminoglycan, tendon-related genes (Scx, Mkx, and Tnmd), and ECM-related genes (Col-I, Col-III, and Dcn), compared to control. We then assessed the safety and efficacy of Ex-4 nanofiber matrices in a full-thickness rat Achilles tendon defect with histology, marker expression, functional walking track analysis, and mechanical testing. Our analysis confirmed that Ex-4 nanofiber matrices enhanced tendon healing and reduced fibrocartilage formation versus nanofiber matrices alone. These findings implicate Ex-4 as a potentially valuable tool for tendon tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sama Abdulmalik
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Jack Gallo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Jonathan Nip
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Sara Katebifar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Michael Arul
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Amir Lebaschi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Lucas N. Munch
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jenna M. Bartly
- Department of Immunology, Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Shilpa Choudhary
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Ivo Kalajzic
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - Syam P. Nukavarapu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Sangamesh G. Kumbar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang M, Liu M, Zheng J, Xiong L, Wang P. Exendin-4 regulates the MAPK and WNT signaling pathways to alleviate the osteogenic inhibition of periodontal ligament stem cells in a high glucose environment. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230692. [PMID: 37034502 PMCID: PMC10080709 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the destruction of periodontal tissue and impairs osteogenesis differentiation. Exendin-4 (Ex-4), a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue, can be used for treating DM and promotes bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to explore the effect and mechanism of Ex-4 on improving the osteogenesis of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in a high glucose environment. Alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining were used to detect the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. The results showed that 10 nM Ex-4 could reduce the osteogenesis inhibition of PDLSCs induced by high glucose. RT-PCR and western blot results showed that Ex-4 increased the osteogenesis-related gene expression of ALP, Runx2, and Osx, and upregulated the phosphorylation of P38, JNK, and ERK1/2; the peak effect was observed in the range 0.5-1.0 h. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors PD98059, SB203580, and SP600125 blocked the effects of Ex-4 on MAPK activation and decreased the expression of ALP, Runx2, and Osx in PDLSCs. Moreover, after Ex-4 treatment, the total β-catenin, p-GSK3β, LEF, and Runx2 protein levels increased under normal or high glucose environments. In conclusion, our results indicated that Ex-4 regulates the MAPK and WNT signaling pathways to alleviate the osteogenic inhibition of PDLSCs in a high glucose environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jiawen Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Youyi
Road 1, Chongqing, 400016, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen J, Mei A, Wei Y, Li C, Qian H, Min X, Yang H, Dong L, Rao X, Zhong J. GLP-1 receptor agonist as a modulator of innate immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:997578. [PMID: 36569936 PMCID: PMC9772276 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.997578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a 30-amino acid hormone secreted by L cells in the distal ileum, colon, and pancreatic α cells, which participates in blood sugar regulation by promoting insulin release, reducing glucagon levels, delaying gastric emptying, increasing satiety, and reducing appetite. GLP-1 specifically binds to the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in the body, directly stimulating the secretion of insulin by pancreatic β-cells, promoting proliferation and differentiation, and inhibiting cell apoptosis, thereby exerting a glycemic lowering effect. The glycemic regulating effect of GLP-1 and its analogues has been well studied in human and murine models in the circumstance of many diseases. Recent studies found that GLP-1 is able to modulate innate immune response in a number of inflammatory diseases. In the present review, we summarize the research progression of GLP-1 and its analogues in immunomodulation and related signal pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research (Hubei University of Medicine), Shiyan, China
| | - Aihua Mei
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research (Hubei University of Medicine), Shiyan, China
| | - Yingying Wei
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chunlei Li
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research (Hubei University of Medicine), Shiyan, China
| | - Hang Qian
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research (Hubei University of Medicine), Shiyan, China
| | - Xinwen Min
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research (Hubei University of Medicine), Shiyan, China
| | - Handong Yang
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research (Hubei University of Medicine), Shiyan, China
| | - Lingli Dong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Jixin Zhong, ; Xiaoquan Rao, ; Lingli Dong,
| | - Xiaoquan Rao
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Jixin Zhong, ; Xiaoquan Rao, ; Lingli Dong,
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Jixin Zhong, ; Xiaoquan Rao, ; Lingli Dong,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu Q, Zhang X, Li T, Shao S. Exenatide regulates Th17/Treg balance via PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 pathway in db/db mice. Mol Med 2022; 28:144. [PMID: 36463128 PMCID: PMC9719171 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00574-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The T helper 17 (Th17)/T regulatory (Treg) cell imbalance is involved in the course of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the current study, the exact role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) exenatide on regulating the Th17/Treg balance and the underlying molecular mechanisms are investigated in obese diabetic mice model. METHODS Metabolic parameters were monitored in db/db mice treated with/without exenatide during 8-week study period. The frequencies of Th17 and Treg cells from peripheral blood and pancreas in db/db mice were assessed. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) pathway in Th17 and Treg cells from the spleens of male C57BL/6J mice was detected by western blotting. In addition, the expression of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of male C57BL/6J mice was analyzed. RESULTS Exenatide treatment improved β-cell function and insulitis in addition to glucose, insulin sensitivity and weight. Increased Th17 and decreased Treg cells in peripheral blood were present as diabetes progressed while exenatide corrected this imbalance. Progressive IL-17 + T cell infiltration of pancreatic islets was alleviated by exenatide intervention. In vitro study showed no significant difference in the level of GLP-1R expression in PBMCs between control and palmitate (PA) groups. In addition, PA could promote Th17 but suppress Treg differentiation along with down-regulating the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/FoxO1, which was reversed by exenatide intervention. FoxO1 inhibitor AS1842856 could abrogate all these effects of exenatide against lipid stress. CONCLUSIONS Exenatide could restore systemic Th17/Treg balance via regulating FoxO1 pathway with the progression of diabetes in db/db mice. The protection of pancreatic β-cell function may be partially mediated by inhibiting Th17 cell infiltration into pancreatic islets, and the resultant alleviation of islet inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Xu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Road 1095, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province People’s Republic of China ,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Road 1095, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province People’s Republic of China ,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Division of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Road 1095, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiying Shao
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Road 1095, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province People’s Republic of China ,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ferrari F, Moretti A, Villa RF. Incretin-based drugs as potential therapy for neurodegenerative diseases: current status and perspectives. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 239:108277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
8
|
Targeting Persistent Neuroinflammation after Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy-Is Exendin-4 the Answer? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710191. [PMID: 36077587 PMCID: PMC9456443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is brain injury resulting from the loss of oxygen and blood supply around the time of birth. It is associated with a high risk of death or disability. The only approved treatment is therapeutic hypothermia. Therapeutic hypothermia has consistently been shown to significantly reduce the risk of death and disability in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. However, approximately 29% of infants treated with therapeutic hypothermia still develop disability. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have shown that there is still persistent neuroinflammation even after treating with therapeutic hypothermia, which may contribute to the deficits seen in infants despite treatment. This suggests that potentially targeting this persistent neuroinflammation would have an additive benefit in addition to therapeutic hypothermia. A potential additive treatment is Exendin-4, which is a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist. Preclinical data from various in vitro and in vivo disease models have shown that Exendin-4 has anti-inflammatory, mitochondrial protective, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative and neurotrophic effects. Although preclinical studies of the effect of Exendin-4 in perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury are limited, a seminal study in neonatal mice showed that Exendin-4 had promising neuroprotective effects. Further studies on Exendin-4 neuroprotection for perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, including in large animal translational models are warranted to better understand its safety, window of opportunity and effectiveness as an adjunct with therapeutic hypothermia.
Collapse
|
9
|
Cincotta AH, Cersosimo E, Alatrach M, Ezrokhi M, Agyin C, Adams J, Chilton R, Triplitt C, Chamarthi B, Cominos N, DeFronzo RA. Bromocriptine-QR Therapy Reduces Sympathetic Tone and Ameliorates a Pro-Oxidative/Pro-Inflammatory Phenotype in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Plasma of Type 2 Diabetes Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168851. [PMID: 36012132 PMCID: PMC9407769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromocriptine-QR is a sympatholytic dopamine D2 agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes that has demonstrated rapid (within 1 year) substantial reductions in adverse cardiovascular events in this population by as yet incompletely delineated mechanisms. However, a chronic state of elevated sympathetic nervous system activity and central hypodopaminergic function has been demonstrated to potentiate an immune system pro-oxidative/pro-inflammatory condition and this immune phenotype is known to contribute significantly to the advancement of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, the possibility exists that bromocriptine-QR therapy may reduce adverse cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes subjects via attenuation of this underlying chronic pro-oxidative/pro-inflammatory state. The present study was undertaken to assess the impact of bromocriptine-QR on a wide range of immune pro-oxidative/pro-inflammatory biochemical pathways and genes known to be operative in the genesis and progression of CVD. Inflammatory peripheral blood mononuclear cell biology is both a significant contributor to cardiovascular disease and also a marker of the body’s systemic pro-inflammatory status. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of 4-month circadian-timed (within 2 h of waking in the morning) bromocriptine-QR therapy (3.2 mg/day) in type 2 diabetes subjects whose glycemia was not optimally controlled on the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist on (i) gene expression status (via qPCR) of a wide array of mononuclear cell pro-oxidative/pro-inflammatory genes known to participate in the genesis and progression of CVD (OXR1, NRF2, NQO1, SOD1, SOD2, CAT, GSR, GPX1, GPX4, GCH1, HMOX1, BiP, EIF2α, ATF4, PERK, XBP1, ATF6, CHOP, GSK3β, NFkB, TXNIP, PIN1, BECN1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR10, MAPK8, NLRP3, CCR2, GCR, L-selectin, VCAM1, ICAM1) and (ii) humoral measures of sympathetic tone (norepinephrine and normetanephrine), whole-body oxidative stress (nitrotyrosine, TBARS), and pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, MCP-1, prolactin, C-reactive protein [CRP]). Relative to pre-treatment status, 4 months of bromocriptine-QR therapy resulted in significant reductions of mRNA levels in PBMC endoplasmic reticulum stress-unfolded protein response effectors [GRP78/BiP (34%), EIF2α (32%), ATF4 (29%), XBP1 (25%), PIN1 (14%), BECN1 (23%)], oxidative stress response proteins [OXR1 (31%), NRF2 (32%), NQO1 (39%), SOD1 (52%), CAT (26%), GPX1 (33%), GPX4 (31%), GCH1 (30%), HMOX1 (40%)], mRNA levels of TLR pro-inflammatory pathway proteins [TLR2 (46%), TLR4 (20%), GSK3β (19%), NFkB (33%), TXNIP (18%), NLRP3 (32%), CCR2 (24%), GCR (28%)], mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cellular receptor proteins CCR2 and GCR by 24% and 28%, and adhesion molecule proteins L-selectin (35%) and VCAM1 (24%). Relative to baseline, bromocriptine-QR therapy also significantly reduced plasma levels of norepinephrine and normetanephrine by 33% and 22%, respectively, plasma pro-oxidative markers nitrotyrosine and TBARS by 13% and 10%, respectively, and pro-inflammatory factors IL-18, MCP1, IL-1β, prolactin, and CRP by 21%,13%, 12%, 42%, and 45%, respectively. These findings suggest a unique role for circadian-timed bromocriptine-QR sympatholytic dopamine agonist therapy in reducing systemic low-grade sterile inflammation to thereby reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony H. Cincotta
- VeroScience LLC, Tiverton, RI 02878, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-401-816-0525
| | - Eugenio Cersosimo
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Mariam Alatrach
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | - Christina Agyin
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - John Adams
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Robert Chilton
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Curtis Triplitt
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | | | - Ralph A. DeFronzo
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bendotti G, Montefusco L, Lunati ME, Usuelli V, Pastore I, Lazzaroni E, Assi E, Seelam AJ, El Essawy B, Jang Y, Loretelli C, D'Addio F, Berra C, Ben Nasr M, Zuccotti G, Fiorina P. The anti-inflammatory and immunological properties of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106320. [PMID: 35738455 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, a great interest has emerged in investigating the pleiotropic effects of Glucagon Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1RAs). While GLP-1RAs ability to lower plasma glucose and to induce weight loss has allowed them to be approved for the treatment of diabetes and obesity, consistent evidences from in vitro studies and preclinical models suggested that GLP-1RAs have anti-inflammatory properties and that may modulate the immune-system. Notably, such anti-inflammatory effects target different pathways in different tissues, underling the broad spectrum of GLP-1RAs actions. This review examines some of the currently proposed molecular mechanisms of GLP-1RAs actions and explores their potential benefits in reducing inflammatory responses, which may well suggest a future therapeutic use of GLP-1RAs in new indications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bendotti
- Division of Endocrinology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Montefusco
- Division of Endocrinology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Vera Usuelli
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ida Pastore
- Division of Endocrinology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Lazzaroni
- Division of Endocrinology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Emma Assi
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andy Joe Seelam
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Basset El Essawy
- Transplantation Research Center, Nephrology Division, Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yun Jang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital and Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cristian Loretelli
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca D'Addio
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Berra
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Moufida Ben Nasr
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - GianVincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano and Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Division of Endocrinology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy; International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ebbesen M, Kissow H, Hartmann B, Kielsen K, Sørensen K, Stinson SE, Frithioff-Bøjsøe C, Esmann Fonvig C, Holm JC, Hansen T, Holst JJ, Müller KG. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Is Associated With Systemic Inflammation in Pediatric Patients Treated With Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:793588. [PMID: 34956226 PMCID: PMC8692255 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.793588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are challenged with severe side effects, which are propagated by mucosal barrier disruption, and the related microbial translocation and systemic inflammation. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a well-known incretin hormone, possesses anti-inflammatory properties and promotes regeneration of damaged intestinal epithelium in animal studies. We hypothesized that the immense inter-individual variation in the degree of mucosal damage and systemic inflammation, seen after HSCT is influenced by endogenous GLP-1 and could be related to acute post-transplant complications. In this prospective study we measured serial weekly fasting plasma GLP-1, along with C-reactive protein (CRP), and citrulline in 82 pediatric patients during allogeneic HSCT together with a fasting plasma GLP-1 in sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Overall, GLP-1 levels were increased in the patients during the course of HSCT compared with the controls, but tended to decrease post-transplant, most pronounced in patients receiving high-intensity conditioning regimen. The increase in CRP seen in the early post-transplant phase was significantly lower from day +8 to +13 in patients with GLP-1 above the upper quartile (>10 pmol/L) at day 0 (all P ≤ 0.03). Similar findings were seen for peak CRP levels after adjusting for type of conditioning (-47.0%; 95% CI, -8.1 - -69.4%, P = 0.02). Citrulline declined significantly following the transplantation illustrating a decrease in viable enterocytes, most evident in patients receiving high-intensity conditioning regimen. GLP-1 levels at day 0 associated with the recovery rate of citrulline from day 0 to +21 (34 percentage points (pp)/GLP-1 doubling; 95% CI, 10 - 58pp; P = 0. 008) and day 0 to day +90 (48 pp/GLP-1 doubling; 95% CI, 17 - 79pp; P = 0. 004), also after adjustment for type of conditioning. This translated into a reduced risk of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) in patients with highest day 0 GLP-1 levels (>10 pmol/L) (cause-specific HR: 0.3; 95% CI, 0.2 - 0.9, P = 0.02). In conclusion, this study strongly suggests that GLP-1 influences regeneration of injured epithelial barriers and ameliorates inflammatory responses in the early post-transplant phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ebbesen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hannelouise Kissow
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Kielsen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaspar Sørensen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Elizabeth Stinson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christine Frithioff-Bøjsøe
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Children’s Obesity Clinic, Accredited European Centre for Obesity Management, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Cilius Esmann Fonvig
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Children’s Obesity Clinic, Accredited European Centre for Obesity Management, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Kolding Hospital a Part of Lillebælt Hospital, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Jens-Christian Holm
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Children’s Obesity Clinic, Accredited European Centre for Obesity Management, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Juul Holst
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Gottlob Müller
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li H, Ding R, Shan Y, Ye F, Lin Y, Men X, Chen C, Tan S, Wang Q, Hu B. L-arabinose alleviates diabetes-aggravated cerebral ischemic injury by repairing the blood-brain barrier via downregulating NF-κB signals. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
13
|
Avogaro A, Bonora B, Fadini GP. Managing diabetes in diabetic patients with COVID: where do we start from? Acta Diabetol 2021; 58:1441-1450. [PMID: 34173070 PMCID: PMC8231743 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-021-01739-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS COVID-19 has and still is sweeping away the national health systems worldwide. In this review, we sought to determine the evidence base proofs on the antidiabetic treatment capable to reduce the risk of COVID-19-related mortality. METHODS We have performed a systematic search of published articles using PubMed, and EMBASE from March 2020 to March 31st, 2021. We excluded editorials, commentary, letters to the editor, reviews, and studies that did not have mortality as an outcome. For metformin and insulin only, we performed a meta-analysis using Cochrane RevMan 5.2. RESULTS Among antidiabetic drugs, metformin was the only drug associated with a reduced risk of mortality. Conversely, insulin appears associated with an increased risk. The other classes of drugs were neutral. CONCLUSIONS The totality of articles reports retrospective data strongly affected by "channeling bias" so that most of the existing results on each class of drugs are driven by the phenotype of patients likely to receive that specific drug by prescription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Avogaro
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Metabolic Disease, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy.
| | - Benedetta Bonora
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Metabolic Disease, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Fadini
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Metabolic Disease, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Winiarska A, Knysak M, Nabrdalik K, Gumprecht J, Stompór T. Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Kidney Disease: The Targets for SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10822. [PMID: 34639160 PMCID: PMC8509708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been increasing worldwide, and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains one of the leading long-term complications of T2D. Several lines of evidence indicate that glucose-lowering agents prevent the onset and progression of DKD in its early stages but are of limited efficacy in later stages of DKD. However, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists were shown to exert nephroprotective effects in patients with established DKD, i.e., those who had a reduced glomerular filtration rate. These effects cannot be solely attributed to the improved metabolic control of diabetes. In our review, we attempted to discuss the interactions of both groups of agents with inflammation and oxidative stress—the key pathways contributing to organ damage in the course of diabetes. SGLT2i and GLP-1R agonists attenuate inflammation and oxidative stress in experimental in vitro and in vivo models of DKD in several ways. In addition, we have described experiments showing the same protective mechanisms as found in DKD in non-diabetic kidney injury models as well as in some tissues and organs other than the kidney. The interaction between both drug groups, inflammation and oxidative stress appears to have a universal mechanism of organ protection in diabetes and other diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Winiarska
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Internal Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-516 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Monika Knysak
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Internal Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-516 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Nabrdalik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (K.N.); (J.G.)
| | - Janusz Gumprecht
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (K.N.); (J.G.)
| | - Tomasz Stompór
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Internal Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-516 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.W.); (M.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zobel EH, Ripa RS, von Scholten BJ, Rotbain Curovic V, Kjaer A, Hansen TW, Rossing P, Størling J. Effect of liraglutide on expression of inflammatory genes in type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18522. [PMID: 34535716 PMCID: PMC8448739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97967-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) treatment in T2D may contribute to the cardiovascular benefits observed with GLP-1 RAs in outcome studies. We investigated if the GLP-1 RA liraglutide exerts anti-inflammatory effects through modulation of inflammatory gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). From 54 participants of a double-blinded trial where individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were randomized to liraglutide (1.8 mg/day) or placebo for 26 weeks, a sub-study was performed in which PBMCs were extracted from fresh blood at study start and at end-of-treatment. The expression of selected inflammatory genes in PBMCs were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Moreover, the expression of the GLP-1 receptor (GLP1R) was examined in a subset (n = 40) of the PBMC samples. The human monocytic cell line THP-1 was used for in vitro GLP-1 exposure experiments. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFA) (p = 0.004) and interleukin-1β (IL1B) was downregulated (p = 0.046) in the liraglutide-treated group (n = 31), and unchanged in the placebo group (n = 21, p ≥ 0.11), with no significant differences between the two groups (p ≥ 0.67). The expression of interferon-γ (IFNG) and cluster of differentiation 163 (CD163) were upregulated in both groups (p ≤ 0.006) with no differences between groups (p ≥ 0.47). C–C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 (CCL5) was upregulated in the liraglutide-treated group (p = 0.002) and unchanged in the placebo group (p = 0.14), with no significant difference between groups (p = 0.36). Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) was unchanged in both groups (p ≥ 0.43). GLP1R expression in the PBMCs was undetectable. In vitro experiments showed no effect of GLP-1 treatment on inflammatory gene expression in THP-1 cells. GLP1R expression in THP-1 cells was not detectable. In summary, we observed a discrete modulatory effect of liraglutide on the expression of inflammatory genes in PBMCs. The lack of evidence for GLP1R expression in PBMCs and THP-1 cells suggests that possible effects of liraglutide on the PBMCs’ gene expression are most likely indirect. Further investigations are needed to establish the anti-inflammatory potential of GLP-1 RAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie H Zobel
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Niels Steensens Vej 2, 2820, Gentofte, Denmark.
| | - Rasmus S Ripa
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernt J von Scholten
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Niels Steensens Vej 2, 2820, Gentofte, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark
| | | | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tine W Hansen
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Niels Steensens Vej 2, 2820, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Peter Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Niels Steensens Vej 2, 2820, Gentofte, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joachim Størling
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Niels Steensens Vej 2, 2820, Gentofte, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pan X, Kaminga AC, Wen SW, Liu A. Chemokines in Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:622438. [PMID: 34054797 PMCID: PMC8161229 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.622438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A growing number of studies found inconsistent results on the role of chemokines in the progression of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and prediabetes (PDM). The purpose of this meta-analysis was to summarize the results of previous studies on the association between the chemokines system and T2DM/PDM. Methods We searched in the databases, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library, for eligible studies published not later than March 1, 2020. Data extraction was performed independently by 2 reviewers, on a standardized, prepiloted form. Group differences in chemokines concentrations were summarized using the standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), calculated by performing a meta-analysis using the random-effects model. Results We identified 98 relevant studies that investigated the association between 32 different chemokines and T2DM/PDM. Altogether, these studies involved 14,708 patients and 14,574 controls. Results showed that the concentrations of CCL1, CCL2, CCL4, CCL5, CCL11, CXCL8, CXCL10 and CX3CL1 in the T2DM patients were significantly higher than that in the controls, while no difference in these concentrations was found between the PDM patients and controls. Conclusion Progression of T2DM may be associated with elevated concentrations of chemokines. Meta-Analysis Registration PROSPERO, identifier CRD42019148305.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfeng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Atipatsa C Kaminga
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Mzuzu University, Mzuzu, Malawi
| | - Shi Wu Wen
- OMNI Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Aizhong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Alicic RZ, Cox EJ, Neumiller JJ, Tuttle KR. Incretin drugs in diabetic kidney disease: biological mechanisms and clinical evidence. Nat Rev Nephrol 2021; 17:227-244. [PMID: 33219281 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-00367-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
As the prevalence of diabetes continues to climb, the number of individuals living with diabetic complications will reach an unprecedented magnitude. The emergence of new glucose-lowering agents - sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and incretin therapies - has markedly changed the treatment landscape of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition to effectively lowering glucose, incretin drugs, which include glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R) agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors, can also reduce blood pressure, body weight, the risk of developing or worsening chronic kidney disease and/or atherosclerotic cardiovascular events, and the risk of death. Although kidney disease events have thus far been secondary outcomes in clinical trials, an ongoing phase III trial in patients with diabetic kidney disease will test the effect of a GLP1R agonist on a primary kidney disease outcome. Experimental data have identified the modulation of innate immunity and inflammation as plausible biological mechanisms underpinning the kidney-protective effects of incretin-based agents. These drugs block the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of kidney damage, including the activation of resident mononuclear phagocytes, tissue infiltration by non-resident inflammatory cells, and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules. GLP1R agonists and DPP4 inhibitors might also attenuate oxidative stress, fibrosis and cellular apoptosis in the kidney.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radica Z Alicic
- Providence Medical Research Center, Providence Health Care, Spokane, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Spokane and Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emily J Cox
- Providence Medical Research Center, Providence Health Care, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Joshua J Neumiller
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Katherine R Tuttle
- Providence Medical Research Center, Providence Health Care, Spokane, WA, USA. .,Nephrology Division, Kidney Research Institute and Institute of Translational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Spokane and Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mao D, Cao H, Shi M, Wang CC, Kwong J, Li JJX, Hou Y, Ming X, Lee HM, Tian XY, Wong CK, Chow E, Kong APS, Lui VWY, Chan PKS, Chan JCN. Increased co-expression of PSMA2 and GLP-1 receptor in cervical cancer models in type 2 diabetes attenuated by Exendin-4: A translational case-control study. EBioMedicine 2021; 65:103242. [PMID: 33684886 PMCID: PMC7938253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases the risk of many types of cancer. Dysregulation of proteasome-related protein degradation leads to tumorigenesis, while Exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, possesses anti-cancer effects. METHODS We explored the co-expression of proteasome alpha 2 subunit (PSMA2) and GLP-1R in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and human cervical cancer specimens, supplemented by in vivo and in vitro studies using multiple cervical cancer cell lines. FINDINGS PSMA2 expression was increased in 12 cancer types in TCGA database and cervical cancer specimens from patients with T2D (T2D vs non-T2D: 3.22 (95% confidence interval CI: 1.38, 5.05) vs 1.00 (0.66, 1.34) fold change, P = 0.01). psma2-shRNA decreased cell proliferation in vitro, and tumour volume and Ki67 expression in vivo. Exendin-4 decreased psma2 expression, tumour volume and Ki67 expression in vivo. There was no change in GLP-1R expression in 12 cancer types in TCGA database. However, GLP-1R expression (T2D vs non-T2D: 5.49 (3.0, 8.1) vs 1.00 (0.5, 1.5) fold change, P < 0.001) was increased and positively correlated with PSMA2 expression in T2D-related (r = 0.68) but not in non-T2D-related cervical cancer specimens. This correlation was corroborated by in vitro experiments where silencing glp-1r decreased psma2 expression. Exendin-4 attenuated phospho-p65 and -IκB expression in the NF-κB pathway. INTERPRETATION PSMA2 and GLP-1R expression in T2D-related cervical cancer specimens was increased and positively correlated, suggesting hyperglycaemia might promote cancer growth by increasing PSMA2 expression which could be attenuated by Exendin-4. FUNDING This project was supported by Postdoctoral Fellowship Scheme, Direct Grant, Diabetes Research and Education Fund from the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Mao
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huanyi Cao
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mai Shi
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joseph Kwong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joshua Jing Xi Li
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yong Hou
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xing Ming
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Heung Man Lee
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao Yu Tian
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Elaine Chow
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; Phase 1 Clinical Trial Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alice Pik Shan Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vivian Wai Yan Lui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paul Kay Sheung Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Juliana Chung Ngor Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
He JB, Ma XY, Li WJ, Liu YY, Lin DS. Exenatide inhibits necrosis by enhancing angiogenesis and ameliorating ischemia/reperfusion injury in a random skin flap rat model. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 90:107192. [PMID: 33214096 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Random skin flaps are often used for plastic repair because they are convenient and flexible. However, necrosis of flaps is a common complication that may lead to disastrous consequences. Exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, can enhance angiogenesis and ameliorate ischemia/reperfusion injury. Our experiments explored random skin flap outcomes after its use. METHODS We established modified dorsal McFarlane flaps on 54 Sprague-Dawley rats and divided the rats into three groups (control, Exe-I, and Exe-II). We intraperitoneally injected either 4 or 8 μg/kg/day exenatide into the rats of the Exe-I and Exe-II groups, respectively. On the seventh day after the operation, we measured the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Tissue sections were obtained for histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses, and we evaluated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL) 6, IL-1β, nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). We measured blood flow reconstruction and angiogenesis using laser Doppler blood flowmetry and lead oxide/gelatin angiography, respectively. RESULTS Exenatide increased the average survival area of the flap and improved microvascular density and blood flow intensity in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, the SOD level was up-regulated and the MDA level down-regulated. Exenatide also enhanced the expression of VEGF and reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, NF-κB, TLR4, and TNF-α), thereby promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Exenatide potentially inhibits necrosis in our rat random skin flap model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Bing He
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xin-Yi Ma
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Wen-Jie Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Ying-Ying Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Ding-Sheng Lin
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Effect of high-fat diet on peripheral blood mononuclear cells and adipose tissue in early stages of diet-induced weight gain. Br J Nutr 2020; 122:1359-1367. [PMID: 31554524 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519002472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Subcutaneous adipose tissue (scAT) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) play a significant role in obesity-associated systemic low-grade inflammation. High-fat diet (HFD) is known to induce inflammatory changes in both scAT and PBMC. However, the time course of the effect of HFD on these systems is still unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine the time course of the effect of HFD on PBMC and scAT. New Zealand white rabbits were fed HFD for 5 or 10 weeks (i.e. HFD-5 and HFD-10) or regular chow (i.e. control (CNT)-5 and CNT-10). Thereafter, metabolic and inflammatory parameters of PBMC and scAT were quantified. HFD induced hyperfattyacidaemia in HFD-5 and HFD-10 groups, with the development of insulin resistance in HFD-10, while no changes were observed in scAT lipid metabolism and inflammatory status. HFD activated the inflammatory pathways in PBMC of HFD-5 group and induced modified autophagy in that of HFD-10. The rate of fat oxidation in PBMC was directly associated with the expression of inflammatory markers and tended to inversely associate with autophagosome formation markers in PBMC. HFD affected systemic substrate metabolism, and the metabolic, inflammatory and autophagy pathways in PBMC in the absence of metabolic and inflammatory changes in scAT. Dietary approaches or interventions to avert HFD-induced changes in PBMC could be essential to prevent metabolic and inflammatory complications of obesity and promote healthier living.
Collapse
|
21
|
Integrated Analysis of the Mechanisms of Da-Chai-Hu Decoction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by a Network Pharmacology Approach. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:9768414. [PMID: 32419835 PMCID: PMC7204321 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9768414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased year by year, which not only seriously affects people's quality of life, but also imposes a heavy economic burden on the family, society, and country. Currently, the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of T2DM are still unclear. Therefore, exploration of a precise multitarget treatment strategy is urgent. Here, we attempt to screen out the active components, effective targets, and functional pathways of therapeutic drugs through network pharmacology with taking advantages of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas for multitarget holistic treatment of diseases to clarify the potential therapeutic mechanism of TCM formulas and provide a systematic and clear thought for T2DM treatment. Methods First, we screened the active components of Da-Chai-Hu Decoction (DCHD) by absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADME/T) calculation. Second, we predicted and screened the active components of DCHD and its therapeutic targets for T2DM relying on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Analysis Platform (TCMSP database) and Text Mining Tool (GoPubMed database), while using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) to obtain T2DM targets. Third, we constructed a network of the active component-target, target-pathway of DCHD using Cytoscape software (http://cytoscape.org/,ver.3.5.1) and then analyzed gene function, related biological processes, and signal pathways through the DAVID database. Results We screened 77 active components from 1278 DCHD components and 116 effective targets from 253 ones. After matching the targets of T2DM, we obtained 38 important targets and 7 core targets were selected through further analysis. Through enrichment analysis, we found that these important targets were mainly involved in many biological processes such as oxidative stress, inflammatory reaction, and apoptosis. After analyzing the relevant pathways, the synthetic pathway for the treatment of T2DM was obtained, which provided a diagnosis-treatment idea for DCHD in the treatment of T2DM. Conclusions This article reveals the mechanism of DCHD in the treatment of T2DM related to inflammatory response and apoptosis through network pharmacology, which lays a foundation for further elucidation of drugs effective targets.
Collapse
|
22
|
Kawakubo M, Tanaka M, Ochi K, Watanabe A, Saka-Tanaka M, Kanamori Y, Yoshioka N, Yamashita S, Goto M, Itoh M, Shirakawa I, Kanai S, Suzuki H, Sawada M, Ito A, Ishigami M, Fujishiro M, Arima H, Ogawa Y, Suganami T. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition prevents nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-associated liver fibrosis and tumor development in mice independently of its anti-diabetic effects. Sci Rep 2020; 10:983. [PMID: 31969650 PMCID: PMC6976646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57935-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a hepatic phenotype of the metabolic syndrome, and increases the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although increasing evidence points to the therapeutic implications of certain types of anti-diabetic agents in NASH, it remains to be elucidated whether their effects on NASH are independent of their effects on diabetes. Genetically obese melanocortin 4 receptor–deficient (MC4R-KO) mice fed Western diet are a murine model that sequentially develops hepatic steatosis, NASH, and HCC in the presence of obesity and insulin resistance. In this study, we investigated the effect of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor anagliptin on NASH and HCC development in MC4R-KO mice. Anagliptin treatment effectively prevented inflammation, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis in the liver of MC4R-KO mice. Interestingly, anagliptin only marginally affected body weight, systemic glucose and lipid metabolism, and hepatic steatosis. Histological data and gene expression analysis suggest that anagliptin treatment targets macrophage activation in the liver during the progression from simple steatosis to NASH. As a molecular mechanism underlying anagliptin action, we showed that glucagon-like peptide-1 suppressed proinflammatory and profibrotic phenotypes of macrophages in vitro. This study highlights the glucose metabolism–independent effects of anagliptin on NASH and HCC development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Kawakubo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Miyako Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan. .,Department of Immunometabolism, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Kozue Ochi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akiko Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Marie Saka-Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yohei Kanamori
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoki Yoshioka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoko Yamashita
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Japan
| | - Moritaka Goto
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michiko Itoh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Organ Network and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Ibuki Shirakawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kanai
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Suzuki
- Department of Brain Function, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Makoto Sawada
- Department of Brain Function, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayaka Ito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Immunometabolism, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishigami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arima
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, CREST, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suganami
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan. .,Department of Immunometabolism, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yaribeygi H, Maleki M, Sathyapalan T, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Anti-inflammatory potentials of incretin-based therapies used in the management of diabetes. Life Sci 2019; 241:117152. [PMID: 31837333 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) are two classes of antidiabetic agents used in the management of diabetes based on incretin hormones. There is emerging evidence that they have anti-inflammatory effects. Since most long-term complications of diabetes have a background of chronic inflammation, these agents may be beneficial against diabetic complications not only due to their hypoglycemic potential but also via their anti-inflammatory effects. However, the exact molecular mechanisms by which GLP-1RAs and DPP-4i exert their anti-inflammatory effects are not clearly understood. In this review, we discuss the potential molecular pathways by which these incretin-based therapies exert their anti-inflammatory effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Mina Maleki
- Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hagve M, Gjessing PF, Hole MJ, Jansen KM, Fuskevåg OM, Mollnes TE, Larsen TS, Irtun Ø. Perioperative Infusion of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Prevents Insulin Resistance After Surgical Trauma in Female Pigs. Endocrinology 2019; 160:2892-2902. [PMID: 31589305 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is an independent negative predictor of outcome after elective surgery and increases mortality among surgical patients in intensive care. The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) potentiates glucose-induced insulin release from the pancreas but may also increase insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle and directly suppress hepatic glucose release. Here, we investigated whether a perioperative infusion of GLP-1 could counteract the development of insulin resistance after surgery. Pigs were randomly assigned to three groups; surgery/control, surgery/GLP-1, and sham/GLP-1. Both surgery groups underwent major abdominal surgery. Whole-body glucose disposal (WGD) and endogenous glucose release (EGR) were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively using D-[6,6-2H2]-glucose infusion in combination with hyperinsulinemic euglycemic step-clamping. In the surgery/control group, peripheral insulin sensitivity (i.e., WGD) was reduced by 44% relative to preoperative conditions, whereas the corresponding decline was only 9% for surgery/GLP-1 (P < 0.05). Hepatic insulin sensitivity (i.e., EGR) remained unchanged in the surgery/control group but was enhanced after GLP-1 infusion in both surgery and sham animals (40% and 104%, respectively, both P < 0.05). Intraoperative plasma glucose increased in surgery/control (∼20%) but remained unchanged in both groups receiving GLP-1 (P < 0.05). GLP-1 diminished an increase in postoperative glucagon levels but did not affect skeletal muscle glycogen or insulin signaling proteins after surgery. We show that GLP-1 improves intraoperative glycemic control, diminishes peripheral insulin resistance after surgery, and suppresses EGR. This study supports the use of GLP-1 to prevent development of postoperative insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hagve
- Gastrosurgical Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Petter F Gjessing
- Gastrosurgical Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Digestive Surgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mikal J Hole
- Gastrosurgical Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kirsten M Jansen
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ole Martin Fuskevåg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, K. G. Jebsen TREC, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, and K. G. Jebsen IRC, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Terje S Larsen
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Øivind Irtun
- Gastrosurgical Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Digestive Surgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bułdak Ł, Machnik G, Skudrzyk E, Bołdys A, Okopień B. The impact of exenatide (a GLP-1 agonist) on markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in normal human astrocytes subjected to various glycemic conditions. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:2861-2869. [PMID: 30906473 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
GLP-1 agonists such as exenatide and liraglutide are novel drugs for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. While improvements in glycemic control can rely on an incretin effect, the mechanisms behind the loss of weight following therapy have yet to be completely elucidated, and seem to be associated with alterations in eating habits, resulting from changes in cytokines e.g. interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and oxidative signaling in the central nervous system (CNS). Increased levels of IL-1β and reactive oxygen species have been demonstrated to exert anorexigenic properties, and astrocytes appear to actively participate in maintaining the integrity of the CNS, which includes the paracrine secretion of inflammatory cytokines and involvement in the redox status. Therefore, the present study decided to explore the influence of exenatide [a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1 agonist)] on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in cultured human astrocytes as a potential target for weight reduction therapies. In an experimental setting, normal human astrocytes were subjected to various glycemic conditions, including 40 mg/dl-hypoglycemic, 100 mg/dl-normoglycemic and 400 mg/dl-hyperglycemic, and exenatide, which is a GLP-1 agonist. The involvement of intracellular signaling by a protein kinase A (PKA) in the action of exenatide was estimated using a specific PKA inhibitor-PKI (14-22). The expression levels of IL-1β, nuclear factor kappa κB (NFκB), glial-fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), p22 NADPH oxidase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase 1, and reactive oxidative species were measured. The present study demonstrated that varying glucose concentrations in the culture media did not affect the protein expression or the level of reactive oxygen species. Conversely, exenatide led to an increase in IL-1β in normoglycemic culture conditions, which was accompanied by the increased expression of p22, glutathione peroxidase and the reduced expression of GFAP. Changes in the expression of IL-1β and p22 were dependent on the activation of PKA. The present study concluded that exenatide predominantly affected astrocytes in normoglycemic conditions, and hypothesize that this impact demonstrated one of novel mechanisms associated with astrocyte signaling that may contribute to weight loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Bułdak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Machnik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Estera Skudrzyk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Bołdys
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Bogusław Okopień
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Exendin-4 Exacerbates Burn-Induced Morbidity in Mice by Activation of the Sympathetic Nervous System. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:2750528. [PMID: 30800001 PMCID: PMC6360064 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2750528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although glucagon-like peptide 1- (GLP-1-) based therapy of hyperglycemia in burn injury has shown great potential in clinical trials, its safety is seldom evaluated. We hypothesize that exendin-4, a GLP-1 analogue, might affect the immune response via the activation of the sympathetic nervous system in burn injury. Methods Male Balb/c mice were subjected to sham or thermal injury of 15% total body surface area. Exendin-4 on T cell function in vitro was examined in cultured splenocytes in the presence of β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol (1 nmol/L) or GLP-1R antagonist exendin (9-39) (1 μmol/L), whereas its in vivo effect was determined by i.p. injection of exendin-4 (2.4 nmol/kg) in mice. To further elucidate the sympathetic mechanism, propranolol (30 mg/kg) or vehicle was applied 30 min prior to injury. Results Although the exacerbated burn-induced mortality by exendin-4 was worsened by propranolol pretreatment, the inhibition of T cell proliferation by exendin-4 in vitro could be restored by propranolol instead of exendin (9-39). However, a Th2 switch by exendin-4 in vitro could only be reversed by exendin (9-39). Likewise, the inhibition of splenic T cell function and NFAT activity by exendin-4 in vivo was restored by propranolol. By contrast, the increased splenic NF-κB translocation by exendin-4 in vivo was potentiated by propranolol in sham mice but suppressed in burn mice. Accordingly, propranolol abrogated the heightened inflammatory response in the lung and the accelerated organ injuries by exendin-4 in burn mice. On the contrary, a Th2 switch and higher serum levels of inflammatory mediators by exendin-4 were potentiated by propranolol in burn mice. Lastly, exendin-4 raised serum stress hormones which could be remarkably augmented by propranolol. Conclusions Exendin-4 suppresses T cell function and promotes organ inflammation through the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, while elicits Th2 switch via GLP-1R in burn injury.
Collapse
|
27
|
Covasa M, Stephens RW, Toderean R, Cobuz C. Intestinal Sensing by Gut Microbiota: Targeting Gut Peptides. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:82. [PMID: 30837951 PMCID: PMC6390476 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are more than 2 billion overweight and obese individuals worldwide, surpassing for the first time, the number of people affected by undernutrition. Obesity and its comorbidities inflict a heavy burden on the global economies and have become a serious threat to individuals' wellbeing with no immediate cure available. The causes of obesity are manifold, involving several factors including physiological, metabolic, neural, psychosocial, economic, genetics and the environment, among others. Recent advances in genome sequencing and metagenomic profiling have added another dimension to this complexity by implicating the gut microbiota as an important player in energy regulation and the development of obesity. As such, accumulating evidence demonstrate the impact of the gut microbiota on body weight, adiposity, glucose, lipid metabolism, and metabolic syndrome. This also includes the role of microbiota as a modulatory signal either directly or through its bioactive metabolites on intestinal lumen by releasing chemosensing factors known to have a major role in controlling food intake and regulating body weight. The importance of gut signaling by microbiota signaling is further highlighted by the presence of taste and nutrient receptors on the intestinal epithelium activated by the microbial degradation products as well as their role in release of peptides hormones controlling appetite and energy homeostasis. This review present evidence on how gut microbiota interacts with intestinal chemosensing and modulates the release and activity of gut peptides, particularly GLP-1 and PYY.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Covasa
- Department of Health and Human Development, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Mihai Covasa
| | - Richard W. Stephens
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Roxana Toderean
- Department of Health and Human Development, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
| | - Claudiu Cobuz
- Department of Health and Human Development, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bifari F, Manfrini R, Dei Cas M, Berra C, Siano M, Zuin M, Paroni R, Folli F. Multiple target tissue effects of GLP-1 analogues on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Pharmacol Res 2018; 137:219-229. [PMID: 30359962 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating experimental and clinical evidences over the last decade indicate that GLP-1 analogues have a series of central nervous system and peripheral target tissues actions which are able to significantly influence the liver metabolism. GLP-1 analogues pleiotropic effects proved to be efficacious in T2DM subjects not only reducing liver steatosis and ameliorating NAFLD and NASH, but also in lowering plasma glucose and liver inflammation, improving cardiac function and protecting from kidney dysfunction. While the experimental and clinical data are robust, the precise mechanisms of action potentially involved in these protective multi-target effects need further investigation. Here we present a systematic review of the most recent literature data on the multi-target effects of GLP-1 analogues on the liver, on adipose and muscular tissue and on the nervous system, all capable of influencing significant aspects of the fatty liver disease physiopathology. From this analysis, we can conclude that the multi-target beneficial action of the GLP-1 analogues could explain the positive effects observed in animal and human models on progression of NAFLD to NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bifari
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Manfrini
- Department of Internal Medicine ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Dei Cas
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Berra
- Metabolic Disease and Diabetes, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Siano
- Department of Internal Medicine ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Zuin
- Unit of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Paroni
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Folli
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Garcia-Flores V, Romero R, Miller D, Xu Y, Done B, Veerapaneni C, Leng Y, Arenas-Hernandez M, Khan N, Panaitescu B, Hassan SS, Alvarez-Salas LM, Gomez-Lopez N. Inflammation-Induced Adverse Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes Can Be Improved by the Immunomodulatory Peptide Exendin-4. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1291. [PMID: 29967606 PMCID: PMC6015905 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Inflammation is causally linked to preterm birth; therefore, finding an intervention that dampens maternal and fetal inflammatory responses may provide a new strategy to prevent adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Using animal models of systemic maternal inflammation [intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] and fetal inflammation (intra-amniotic administration of LPS), we found that (1) systemic inflammation induced adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes by causing a severe maternal cytokine storm and a mild fetal cytokine response; (2) fetal inflammation induced adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes by causing a mild maternal cytokine response and a severe fetal cytokine storm; (3) exendin-4 (Ex4) treatment of dams with systemic inflammation or fetal inflammation improved adverse pregnancy outcomes by modestly reducing the rate of preterm birth; (4) Ex4 treatment of dams with systemic, but not local, inflammation considerably improved neonatal outcomes, and such neonates continued to thrive; (5) systemic inflammation facilitated the diffusion of Ex4 through the uterus and the maternal-fetal interface; (6) neonates born to Ex4-treated dams with systemic inflammation displayed a similar cytokine profile to healthy control neonates; and (7) treatment with Ex4 had immunomodulatory effects by inducing an M2 macrophage polarization and increasing anti-inflammatory neutrophils, as well as suppressing the expansion of CD8+ regulatory T cells, in neonates born to dams with systemic inflammation. Collectively, these results provide evidence that dampening maternal systemic inflammation through novel interventions, such as Ex4, can improve the quality of life for neonates born to women with this clinical condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Garcia-Flores
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, MI, United States.,Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.,Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Cinvestav, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, MI, United States.,Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Derek Miller
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, MI, United States.,Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Yi Xu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, MI, United States.,Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Bogdan Done
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, MI, United States.,Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Chharitha Veerapaneni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Yaozhu Leng
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, MI, United States.,Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Marcia Arenas-Hernandez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, MI, United States.,Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.,Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Cinvestav, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nabila Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Bogdan Panaitescu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, MI, United States.,Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Sonia S Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, MI, United States.,Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | | | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, MI, United States.,Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nozu T, Miyagishi S, Kumei S, Nozu R, Takakusaki K, Okumura T. Glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, liraglutide, improves visceral sensation and gut permeability in rats. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 33:232-239. [PMID: 28440889 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM A glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, liraglutide, has been reported to block inflammatory somatic pain. We hypothesized that liraglutide attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced and repeated water avoidance stress (WAS)-induced visceral hypersensitivity and tested the hypothesis in rats. METHODS The threshold of the visceromotor response induced by colonic balloon distention was measured to assess visceral sensation. Colonic permeability was determined in vivo by quantifying the absorbed Evans blue spectrophotometrically, which was instilled in the proximal colon for 15 min. The interleukin-6 level in colonic mucosa was also quantified using ELISA. RESULTS Subcutaneously injected LPS (1 mg/kg) reduced the visceromotor response threshold after 3 h. Liraglutide (300 μg/kg subcutaneously) at 15 h and 30 min before injecting LPS eliminated LPS-induced allodynia. It also blocked the allodynia induced by repeated water avoidance stress for 1 h for three consecutive days. Neither vagotomy nor naloxone altered the antinociceptive effect of liraglutide, but NG -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, a nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor, blocked it. LPS increased colonic permeability and the interleukin-6 level, and the analog significantly inhibited these responses. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that liraglutide blocked LPS-induced visceral allodynia, which may be a nitric oxide-dependent response, and was probably mediated by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine production and attenuating the increased gut permeability. Because the LPS-cytokine system is considered to contribute to altered visceral sensation in irritable bowel syndrome, these results indicate the possibility that liraglutide can be useful for treating this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Nozu
- Department of Regional Medicine and Education, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Saori Miyagishi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shima Kumei
- Department of General Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Rintaro Nozu
- Department of Regional Medicine and Education, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kaoru Takakusaki
- Research Center for Brain Function and Medical Engineering, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Okumura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Worthington JJ, Reimann F, Gribble FM. Enteroendocrine cells-sensory sentinels of the intestinal environment and orchestrators of mucosal immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:3-20. [PMID: 28853441 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium must balance efficient absorption of nutrients with partitioning commensals and pathogens from the bodies' largest immune system. If this crucial barrier fails, inappropriate immune responses can result in inflammatory bowel disease or chronic infection. Enteroendocrine cells represent 1% of this epithelium and have classically been studied for their detection of nutrients and release of peptide hormones to mediate digestion. Intriguingly, enteroendocrine cells are the key sensors of microbial metabolites, can release cytokines in response to pathogen associated molecules and peptide hormone receptors are expressed on numerous intestinal immune cells; thus enteroendocrine cells are uniquely equipped to be crucial and novel orchestrators of intestinal inflammation. In this review, we introduce enteroendocrine chemosensory roles, summarize studies correlating enteroendocrine perturbations with intestinal inflammation and describe the mechanistic interactions by which enteroendocrine and mucosal immune cells interact during disease; highlighting this immunoendocrine axis as a key aspect of innate immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J Worthington
- Lancaster University, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster, Lancashire, UK
| | - F Reimann
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science & MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - F M Gribble
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science & MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yin W, Xu S, Wang Z, Liu H, Peng L, Fang Q, Deng T, Zhang W, Lou J. Recombinant human GLP-1(rhGLP-1) alleviating renal tubulointestitial injury in diabetic STZ-induced rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:793-800. [PMID: 29137984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
GLP-1-based treatment improves glycemia through stimulation of insulin secretion and inhibition of glucagon secretion. Recently, more and more findings showed that GLP-1 could also protect kidney from diabetic nephropathy. Most of these studies focused on glomeruli, but the effect of GLP-1 on tubulointerstitial and tubule is not clear yet. In this study, we examined the renoprotective effect of recombinant human GLP-1 (rhGLP-1), and investigated the influence of GLP-1 on inflammation and tubulointerstitial injury using diabetic nephropathy rats model of STZ-induced. The results showed that rhGLP-1 reduced urinary albumin without influencing the body weight and food intake. rhGLP-1 could increased the serum C-peptide slightly but not lower fasting blood glucose significantly. In diabetic nephropathy rats, beside glomerular sclerosis, tubulointerstitial fibrosis was very serious. These lesions could be alleviated by rhGLP-1. rhGLP-1 decreased the expression of profibrotic factors collagen I, α-SMA, fibronectin, and inflammation factors MCP-1 and TNFα in tubular tissue and human proximal tubular cells (HK-2 cells). Furthermore, rhGLP-1 significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB, MAPK in both diabetic tubular tissue and HK-2 cells. The inhibition of the expression of TNFα, MCP-1, collagen I and α-SMA in HK-2 cells by GLP-1 could be mimicked by blocking NF-κB or MAPK. These results indicate that rhGLP-1 exhibit renoprotective effect by alleviation of tubulointerstitial injury via inhibiting phosphorylation of MAPK and NF-κB. Therefore, rhGLP-1 may be a potential drug for treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqin Yin
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Shiqing Xu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Zai Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Honglin Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Liang Peng
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Qing Fang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Tingting Deng
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Wenjian Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Jinning Lou
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
He L, Law PTY, Wong CK, Chan JCN, Chan PKS. Exendin-4 Exhibits Enhanced Anti-tumor Effects in Diabetic Mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1791. [PMID: 28496193 PMCID: PMC5431757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01952-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with increased risk of cancers. In this connection, we previously demonstrated the promoting effect of diabetes on HPV-associated carcinogenesis using a xenograft model in db/db diabetic mice. The underlying mechanism of this observation might be partly contributed by dysregulated immune response in diabetes. In this study, we hypothesized that the impaired anti-tumor immune response in diabetic status could be modulated by exendin-4, a glucagon-like protein receptor agonist which exhibits anti-diabetic effects. We inoculated 10-week old db/db mice with 2 × 107 CUP-1 cells (Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)-16 E7 transfected continuous cell line) subcutaneously underneath the scruff, and treated mice with high (30 nmol/kg) or low (10 nmol/kg) dose of exendin-4 for 13 days. Compared with control groups, exendin-4 suppressed subcutaneous tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner, accompanied by increased interferon (IFN)-γ secreting CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)/Foxp3+ regulatory T cell (Treg) ratio as well as Th1 proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-2. Collectively, these findings suggested an anti-tumor effect of exendin-4 in diabetic conditions, which might be resulted from direct immunomodulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan He
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Priscilla T Y Law
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Chun Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR.,Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Juliana C N Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR.,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Paul K S Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Targeting endothelial metaflammation to counteract diabesity cardiovascular risk: Current and perspective therapeutic options. Pharmacol Res 2017; 120:226-241. [PMID: 28408314 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The association of obesity and diabetes, termed "diabesity", defines a combination of primarily metabolic disorders with insulin resistance as the underlying common pathophysiology. Cardiovascular disorders associated with diabesity represent the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. This makes diabesity, with its rising impacts on both health and economics, one of the most challenging biomedical and social threats of present century. The emerging comprehension of the genes whose alteration confers inter-individual differences on risk factors for diabetes or obesity, together with the potential role of genetically determined variants on mechanisms controlling responsiveness, effectiveness and safety of anti-diabetic therapy underlines the need of additional knowledge on molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of diabesity. Endothelial cell dysfunction, resulting from the unbalanced production of endothelial-derived vascular mediators, is known to be present at the earliest stages of insulin resistance and obesity, and may precede the clinical diagnosis of diabetes by several years. Once considered as a mere consequence of metabolic abnormalities, it is now clear that endothelial dysfunctional activity may play a pivotal role in the progression of diabesity. In the vicious circle where vascular defects and metabolic disturbances worsen and reinforce each other, a low-grade, chronic, and 'cold' inflammation (metaflammation) has been suggested to serve as the pathophysiological link that binds endothelial and metabolic dysfunctions. In this paradigm, it is important to consider how traditional antidiabetic treatments (specifically addressing metabolic dysregulation) may directly impact on inflammatory processes or cardiovascular function. Indeed, not all drugs currently available to treat diabetes possess the same anti-inflammatory potential, or target endothelial cell function equally. Perspective strategies pointing at reducing metaflammation or directly addressing endothelial dysfunction may disclose beneficial consequences on metabolic regulation. This review focuses on existing and potential new approaches ameliorating endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation in the context of diabesity.
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang Y, Song W. Islet amyloid polypeptide: Another key molecule in Alzheimer's pathogenesis? Prog Neurobiol 2017; 153:100-120. [PMID: 28274676 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent epidemiological evidence reveals that patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often experience a significant decline in cognitive function, and approximately 70% of those cases eventually develop Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although several pathological processes are shared by AD and T2DM, the exact molecular mechanisms connecting these two diseases are poorly understood. Aggregation of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP), the pathological hallmark of T2DM, has also been detected in brain tissue and is associated with cognitive decline and AD development. In addition, hIAPP and amyloid β protein (Aβ) share many biophysical and physiological properties as well as exert similar cytotoxic mechanisms. Therefore, it is important to examine the possible role of hIAPP in the pathogenesis of AD. In this article, we introduce the basics on this amyloidogenic protein. More importantly, we discuss the potential mechanisms of hIAPP-induced AD development, which will be beneficial for proposing novel and feasible strategies to optimize AD prevention and/or treatment in diabetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Weihong Song
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Restaino RM, Deo SH, Parrish AR, Fadel PJ, Padilla J. Increased monocyte-derived reactive oxygen species in type 2 diabetes: role of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Exp Physiol 2017; 102:139-153. [PMID: 27859785 DOI: 10.1113/ep085794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Patients with type 2 diabetes exhibit increased oxidative stress in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, including monocytes; however, the mechanisms remain unknown. What is the main finding and its importance? The main finding of this study is that factors contained within the plasma of patients with type 2 diabetes can contribute to increased oxidative stress in monocytes, making them more adherent to endothelial cells. We show that these effects are largely mediated by the interaction between endoplasmic reticulum stress and NADPH oxidase activity. Recent evidence suggests that exposure of human monocytes to glucolipotoxic media to mimic the composition of plasma of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) results in the induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The extent to which these findings translate to patients with T2D remains unclear. Thus, we first measured ROS (dihydroethidium fluorescence) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from whole blood of T2D patients (n = 8) and compared the values with age-matched healthy control subjects (n = 8). The T2D patients exhibited greater basal intracellular ROS (mean ± SD, +3.4 ± 1.4-fold; P < 0.05) compared with control subjects. Next, the increase in ROS in PBMCs isolated from T2D patients was partly recapitulated in cultured human monocytes (THP-1 cells) exposed to plasma from T2D patients for 36 h (+1.3 ± 0.08-fold versus plasma from control subjects; P < 0.05). In addition, we found that increased ROS formation in THP-1 cells treated with T2D plasma was NADPH oxidase derived and led to increased endothelial cell adhesion (+1.8 ± 0.5-fold; P < 0.05) and lipid uptake (+1.3 ± 0.3-fold; P < 0.05). Notably, we found that T2D plasma-induced monocyte ROS and downstream functional effects were abolished by treating cells with tauroursodeoxycholic acid, a chemical chaperone known to inhibit ER stress. Collectively, these data indicate that monocyte ROS production with T2D can be attributed, in part, to signals from the circulating environment. Furthermore, an interplay between ER stress and NADPH oxidase activity contributes to ROS production and may be a mechanism mediating endothelial cell adhesion and foam cell formation in T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Restaino
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Shekhar H Deo
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Alan R Parrish
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Paul J Fadel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas-Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lips MA, van Klinken JB, Pijl H, Janssen I, Willems van Dijk K, Koning F, van Harmelen V. Weight loss induced by very low calorie diet is associated with a more beneficial systemic inflammatory profile than by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Metabolism 2016; 65:1614-1620. [PMID: 27733249 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Weight loss interventions such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and very low calorie diets (VLCD) lead to improvement of glucose metabolism in obese individuals with type-2 diabetes. Weight loss can also positively influence the unfavorable inflammatory profile associated with obesity. However, a direct comparison of the effect of VLCD and RYGB on systemic inflammation is lacking. METHODS Systemic inflammation was investigated in age- and BMI-matched morbidly obese T2DM women by determining the number and activation- or memory status of peripheral blood leukocytes by flow cytometry, in addition to measuring circulating levels of cytokines and CRP. Systemic inflammation was assessed one month before and three months after RYGB (n=15) or VLCD (n=12). An age matched group of lean women (n=12) was studied as control group. RESULTS Three months after the intervention, CRP and leptin levels were reduced whereas adiponectin levels were increased both by RYGB and VLCD. TNF-α levels were increased by RYGB, but reduced by VLCD. IL-2 and IL-6 levels were reduced and IL-4 levels were increased by VLCD but not affected by RYGB. The number of activated peripheral cytotoxic T (CD8+CD25+) and B (CD19+CD38+) cells was significantly higher after RYGB than after VLCD. CONCLUSION In conclusion, RYGB and VLCD have differential effects on the activation status of peripheral leukocytes and levels of cytokines in obese women with T2DM, despite comparable weight loss three months after the intervention. VLCD seems to have more favorable effects on the inflammatory profile as compared to RYGB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam A Lips
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Bert van Klinken
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hanno Pijl
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ignace Janssen
- Department of Surgery, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Vanessa van Harmelen
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Einbinder Y, Ohana M, Benchetrit S, Zehavi T, Nacasch N, Bernheim J, Zitman-Gal T. Glucagon-like peptide-1 and vitamin D: anti-inflammatory response in diabetic kidney disease in db/db mice and in cultured endothelial cells. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2016; 32:805-815. [PMID: 26991522 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a gut incretin hormone that stimulates insulin secretion and may affect the inflammatory pathways involved in diabetes mellitus. Calcitriol, an active form of vitamin D, plays an important role in renal, endothelial and cardiovascular protection. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory and histologic effects of a GLP-1 analogue (liraglutide) and of calcitriol in a db/db mouse diabetes model and in endothelial cells exposed to a diabetes-like environment. METHODS Diabetic db/db mice were treated with liraglutide and calcitriol for 14 weeks, after which the kidneys were perfused and removed for mRNA and protein analysis and histology. Endothelial cells were stimulated with advanced glycation end products (AGEs), glucose, liraglutide and calcitriol. Total RNA and protein were extracted and analysed for the expression of selected inflammatory markers. RESULTS Typical histological changes, glomerular enlargement and mesangial expansion were seen in db/db mice compared with control mice. Glomerular hypertrophy was ameliorated with liraglutide, compared with db/db controls. Liraglutide up-regulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein expression compared with the db/db control group and down-regulated p65 protein expression. Calcitriol did not further improve the beneficial effect observed on protein expression. In endothelial cells, liraglutide treatment exhibited a dose-dependent ability to prevent an inflammatory response in the selected markers: thioredoxin-interacting protein, p65, IL6 and IL8. In most gene and protein expressions, addition of calcitriol did not enhance the effect of liraglutide. CONCLUSIONS The GLP-1 analogue liraglutide prevented the inflammatory response observed in endothelial cells exposed to a diabetes-like environment and in db/db mice at the level of protein expression and significantly ameliorated the glomerular hypertrophy seen in the diabetic control group. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yael Einbinder
- Renal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Meital Ohana
- Renal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sydney Benchetrit
- Renal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tania Zehavi
- Pathology Department, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Naomi Nacasch
- Renal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacques Bernheim
- Renal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tali Zitman-Gal
- Renal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bułdak Ł, Machnik G, Bułdak RJ, Łabuzek K, Bołdys A, Okopień B. Exenatide and metformin express their anti-inflammatory effects on human monocytes/macrophages by the attenuation of MAPKs and NFκB signaling. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 389:1103-15. [PMID: 27424158 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metformin and exenatide are effective antidiabetic drugs, and they seem to have pleiotropic properties improving cardiovascular outcomes. Macrophages' phenotype is essential in the development of atherosclerosis, and it can be modified during antidiabetic therapy, resulting in attenuated atherogenesis. The mechanism orchestrating this phenomenon is not fully clear. We examined the impact of exenatide and metformin on the level of TNF alpha, MCP-1, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBP beta) in human monocytes/macrophages. We found that both drugs reduced levels of TNF alpha, ROS, and NFκB binding activity to a similar extent. Compared to metformin, exenatide was more effective in reducing MCP-1 levels. We noted that Compound C (AMPK inhibitor) reduced the impact of exenatide on cytokines, ROS, and NFκB in cultures. Both drugs elevated the C/EBP beta phosphorylation level. Experiments on MAPKs showed effective inhibitory potential of exenatide toward p38, JNK, and ERK, whereas metformin inhibited JNK and ERK only. Exenatide was more effective in the inhibition of JNK than metformin. Interestingly, an in vitro setting additive effect of drugs was absent. In conclusion, here, we report that metformin and exenatide inhibit the proinflammatory phenotype of human monocytes/macrophages via influence on MAPK, C/EBP beta, and NFκB. Exenatide was more effective than metformin in reducing MCP-1 expression and JNK activity. We also showed that some effects of exenatide relied on AMPK activation. This shed light on the possible mechanisms responsible for pleiotropic effects of metformin and exenatide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Bułdak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Machnik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Rafał Jakub Bułdak
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19, 41-808, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Łabuzek
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Bołdys
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bogusław Okopień
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1, produced predominantly in enteroendocrine cells, controls glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis through regulation of islet hormone secretion, gastrointestinal motility, and food intake, enabling development of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. GLP-1 also acts on the immune system to suppress inflammation, and GLP-1R signaling in multiple tissues impacts cardiovascular function in health and disease. Here we review how GLP-1 and clinically approved GLP-1R agonists engage mechanisms that influence the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. We discuss how GLP-1R agonists modify inflammation, cardiovascular physiology, and pathophysiology in normal and diabetic animals through direct and indirect mechanisms and review human studies illustrating mechanisms linking GLP-1R signaling to modification of the cardiovascular complications of diabetes. The risks and benefits of GLP-1R agonists are updated in light of recent data suggesting that GLP-1R agonists favorably modify outcomes in diabetic subjects at high risk for cardiovascular events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Drucker
- Department of Medicine, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zietek T, Rath E. Inflammation Meets Metabolic Disease: Gut Feeling Mediated by GLP-1. Front Immunol 2016; 7:154. [PMID: 27148273 PMCID: PMC4840214 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, cardiovascular, and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) share common features in their pathology. Metabolic disorders exhibit strong inflammatory underpinnings and vice versa, inflammation is associated with metabolic alterations. Next to cytokines and cellular stress pathways, such as the unfolded protein response (UPR), alterations in the enteroendocrine system are intersections of various pathologies. Enteroendocrine cells (EEC) have been studied extensively for their ability to regulate gastrointestinal motility, secretion, and insulin release by release of peptide hormones. In particular, the L-cell-derived incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) has gained enormous attention due to its insulinotropic action and relevance in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Yet, accumulating data indicate a critical role for EEC and in particular for GLP-1 in metabolic adaptation and in orchestrating immune responses beyond blood glucose control. EEC sense the lamina propria and luminal environment, including the microbiota via receptors and transporters. Subsequently, mediating signals by secreting hormones and cytokines, EEC can be considered as integrators of metabolic and inflammatory signaling. This review focuses on L cell and GLP-1 functions in the context of metabolic and inflammatory diseases. The effects of incretin-based therapies on metabolism and immune system are discussed and the interrelation and common features of metabolic and immune-mediated disorders are highlighted. Moreover, it presents data on the impact of inflammation, in particular of IBD on EEC and discusses the potential role of the microbiota as link between nutrients, metabolism, immunity, and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Zietek
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Technische Universität München , Freising , Germany
| | - Eva Rath
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München , Freising , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Feng Y, Su L, Zhong X, Guohong W, Xiao H, Li Y, Xiu L. Exendin-4 promotes proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts by MAPKs activation. J Mol Endocrinol 2016; 56:189-99. [PMID: 26647389 DOI: 10.1530/jme-15-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) and its receptor agonist have been previously reported to play a positive role in bone metabolism in aged ovariectomized rats and insulin-resistant models. However, whether GLP1 has a direct effect on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts or any cellular mechanism for this potential role is unknown. We examined the effects of the GLP1 receptor agonist exendin-4 on the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. GLP1 receptor was detected in MC3T3-E1 cells by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot assay. Cell proliferation was assessed using MTT assay, revealing that exendin-4 increased cell proliferation at effective concentrations between 10(-10) and 10(-5) M. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that exendin-4 increased the mRNA expression of the differentiation markers alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen-1 (COL1), osteocalcin (OC), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) under osteogenic conditions. Alizarin red staining confirmed that 10(-7) M exendin-4 increased osteoblast mineralization by 18.7%. Exendin-4 upregulated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38, and JNK, with the peak effect at 1.5 h in the Western blot analysis. The use of selective MAPK inhibitors, namely PD98059, SB203580, and SP600125, blocked the effects of exendin-4 on kinase activation (ERK1/2, p38, and JNK), as well as cell proliferation and differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells. These findings demonstrate that exendin-4 promotes both the proliferation and differentiation of preosteoblasts MC3T3-E1 via activation of the MAPK pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Feng
- Department of EndocrinologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Su
- Department of GeriatricsFirst Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Zhong
- Department of EndocrinologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Guohong
- Department of EndocrinologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haipeng Xiao
- Department of EndocrinologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of EndocrinologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Xiu
- Department of EndocrinologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Nakame K, Kaji T, Mukai M, Shinyama S, Matsufuji H. The protective and anti-inflammatory effects of glucagon-like peptide-2 in an experimental rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis. Peptides 2016; 75:1-7. [PMID: 26551873 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating gastrointestinal disease, that affects premature infants. Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is an intestinotrophic hormone and reduces the inflammation. We suspected that GLP-2 would have protective and anti-inflammatory effects in an experimental rat model of NEC. NEC was induced in newborn rats by enteral feeding with hyperosmolar formula, asphyxial stress and enteral administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Rats were randomly divided into the following four groups: dam-fed, NEC, NEC+GLP-2(L) given 80 μg/kg/day of GLP-2, and NEC+GLP-2(H) given 800 μg/kg/day of GLP-2. GLP-2 was administered subcutaneously every 6 h before stress. All animals surviving beyond 96 h or any that developed signs of distress were euthanized. The clinical sickness score in the NEC+GLP-2(H) group was significantly lower than that in the NEC group. The NEC score and the survival rate in the NEC+GLP-2(H) group was significantly improved compared with those in the NEC and the NEC+GLP-2(L) groups. Villous height and crypt depth in both the GLP-2 treatment groups were significantly increased compared with those in the NEC group. There were no significant differences in the crypt cell proliferation indices among the groups. Ileal interstitial TNF-α and IL-6 level in the NEC+GLP-2(H) group was decreased to the same levels in the dam-fed group. High dose GLP-2 administration improved the incidence and survival rate for NEC. It also decreased mucosal inflammatory cytokine production. These results support a potential therapeutic role for GLP-2 in the treatment of NEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Nakame
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate, School of Medical and Dental Sciences 8-35-1, Kagoshima shi, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
| | - Tatsuru Kaji
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate, School of Medical and Dental Sciences 8-35-1, Kagoshima shi, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Motoi Mukai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate, School of Medical and Dental Sciences 8-35-1, Kagoshima shi, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Shin Shinyama
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate, School of Medical and Dental Sciences 8-35-1, Kagoshima shi, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsufuji
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, St Luke's International Hospital 9-1, Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Petersen KE, Rakipovski G, Raun K, Lykkesfeldt J. Does Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Ameliorate Oxidative Stress in Diabetes? Evidence Based on Experimental and Clinical Studies. Curr Diabetes Rev 2016; 12:331-358. [PMID: 26381142 PMCID: PMC5101636 DOI: 10.2174/1573399812666150918150608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has shown to influence the oxidative stress status in a number of in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. Well-known effects of GLP-1 including better glycemic control, decreased food intake, increased insulin release and increased insulin sensitivity may indirectly contribute to this phenomenon, but glucose-independent effects on ROS level, production and antioxidant capacity have been suggested to also play a role. The potential 'antioxidant' activity of GLP-1 along with other proposed glucose-independent modes of action related to ameliorating redox imbalance remains a controversial topic but could hold a therapeutic potential against micro- and macrovascular diabetic complications. This review discusses the presently available knowledge from experimental and clinical studies on the effects of GLP-1 on oxidative stress in diabetes and diabetes-related complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Acarbose Decreases the Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk of Diabetic Patients and Attenuates the Incidence and Severity of Collagen-induced Arthritis in Mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18288. [PMID: 26678745 PMCID: PMC4683371 DOI: 10.1038/srep18288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acarbose has been found to decrease some inflammatory parameters in diabetic patients. This study aimed to examine the influence of acarbose on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and on the incidence and severity of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. In a nationwide, matched case–control study, we identified 723 incident RA cases and selected 7,230 age-, sex- and RA diagnosis date–matched controls from all newly treated DM patients. We found that use of acarbose at > 16,950 mg per year was associated with a lower RA risk (odds ratio 0.60; 95% CI, 0.41–0.89). In the CIA mouse study, acarbose was orally administered from days -7 to 38 relative to type II collagen (CII) immunization. The results revealed that acarbose at the dose of 500 mg/kg/day attenuated the incidence and severity of arthritis and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17 in the paw tissues. Acarbose further decreased the productions of anti-CII-IgG, IL-17 and IFN-γ by collagen-reactive lymph node cells. This work suggests that the use of acarbose decreased RA risk in DM patients and the incidence of CIA in mice. Acarbose also attenuated the severity of CIA via anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.
Collapse
|
46
|
Exenatide (a GLP-1 agonist) expresses anti-inflammatory properties in cultured human monocytes/macrophages in a protein kinase A and B/Akt manner. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 68:329-37. [PMID: 26922535 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incretin-based therapies in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus are associated with significant improvements in glycemic control, which are accompanied by a beneficial impact on atherosclerosis. Macrophages are essential in the development of atherosclerotic plaques and may develop features that accelerate atherosclerosis (classically activated macrophages) or protect arterial walls against it (alternatively activated macrophages). Therefore, we explored whether beneficial actions of exenatide are connected with the influence on the macrophages' phenotype and synthesis of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. METHODS Monocytes/macrophages were harvested from 10 healthy subjects. Cells were cultured in the presence of exenatide, exendin 9-39 (GLP-1 antagonist), LPS, IL-4, PKI (PKA inhibitor) and triciribine (PKB/Akt inhibitor). We measured the effects of the above-mentioned compounds on markers of macrophages' phenotype (inducible nitrous oxide (iNOS), arginase 1 (arg1) and mannose receptors) and concentration of nitrite, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-10. RESULTS Exenatide significantly increased the level of IL-10 and decreased both TNF-α and IL-1β in LPS-treated monocytes/macrophages. Furthermore exenatide increased the expression of arg1-a marker of classical activation and reduced the LPS-induced expression of iNOS-a marker of classical activation. According to experiments with protein kinases inhibitors we found that proinflammatory markers were protein kinase A dependent, whereas the activation of alternative activation was similarly reliant on protein kinase A and B/Akt. CONCLUSIONS We showed that exenatide skewed the macrophages phenotype toward anti-inflammatory phenotype and this effect is predominantly attributable to protein kinase A and to a less extent to B/Akt activation.
Collapse
|
47
|
Kyventidis A, Tzimagiorgis G, Didangelos T. Peripheral blood monocytes can differentiate into efficient insulin-producing cells in vitro. Hippokratia 2015; 19:344-351. [PMID: 27688700 PMCID: PMC5033146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies provide evidence that peripheral blood monocytes have the ability to differentiate into mesenchymal-like cells. The ability of cultured monocytes to differentiate and produce insulin in vitro is analysed in the present study. METHODS Peripheral blood monocytes were isolated from healthy donors and cultivated for fourteen days. Growth factors and liraglutide were used to induce pancreatic differentiation in most of the cultures. The growth factors were: monocyte colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-3, hepatocyte growth factor and epidermal growth factor. The rest of the cultures were cultivated only with nutrient medium and human serum. Insulin levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cellular morphology was observed using optical and electron microscopy. Cell membrane receptors were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS Monocytes were able to synthesize and excrete high levels of insulin after seven days in culture. A further increase in the excretion of insulin was observed after fourteen days. Cells were also able to differentiate and synthesize insulin, even if no growth factors were added to the culture medium. Some of the cultures were able to excrete insulin in a glucose-dependent manner. Differentiated monocytes were connected to neighbouring cells with axons and resembled the morphology of mesenchymal, dendritic and myeloid-progenitor cells. Cells retained their mature receptors and simultaneously developed immature receptors on their membrane. CONCLUSIONS Monocytes can acquire morphological properties of multipotent cells when they are cultivated under specific conditions in vitro. Differentiated monocytes are able to synthesize and excrete insulin. Hippokratia 2015; 19 (4): 344-351.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kyventidis
- 1 Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - G Tzimagiorgis
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - T Didangelos
- 1 Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bacci S, Laurino A, Manni ME, Landucci E, Musilli C, De Siena G, Mocali A, Raimondi L. The pro-healing effect of exendin-4 on wounds produced by abrasion in normoglycemic mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 764:346-352. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
49
|
The intestinal immunoendocrine axis: novel cross-talk between enteroendocrine cells and the immune system during infection and inflammatory disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2015; 43:727-33. [PMID: 26551720 PMCID: PMC4613519 DOI: 10.1042/bst20150090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium plays a crucial role in maintaining barrier function and immune homeostasis, a failure of which results in disease. This review focuses on the epithelial enteroendocrine cells and the crosstalk that exists with immune cells during inflammation. The intestinal epithelium represents one of our most important interfaces with the external environment. It must remain tightly balanced to allow nutrient absorption, but maintain barrier function and immune homoeostasis, a failure of which results in chronic infection or debilitating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The intestinal epithelium mainly consists of absorptive enterocytes and secretory goblet and Paneth cells and has recently come to light as being an essential modulator of immunity as opposed to a simple passive barrier. Each epithelial sub-type can produce specific immune modulating factors, driving innate immunity to pathogens as well as preventing autoimmunity. The enteroendocrine cells comprise just 1% of this epithelium, but collectively form the bodies’ largest endocrine system. The mechanisms of enteroendocrine cell peptide secretion during feeding, metabolism and nutrient absorption are well studied; but their potential interactions with the enriched numbers of surrounding immune cells remain largely unexplored. This review focuses on alterations in enteroendocrine cell number and peptide secretion during inflammation and disease, highlighting the few in depth studies which have attempted to dissect the immune driven mechanisms that drive these phenomena. Moreover, the emerging potential of enteroendocrine cells acting as innate sensors of intestinal perturbation and secreting peptides to directly orchestrate immune cell function will be proposed. In summary, the data generated from these studies have begun to unravel a complex cross-talk between immune and enteroendocrine cells, highlighting the emerging immunoendocrine axis as a potential target for therapeutic strategies for infections and inflammatory disorders of the intestine.
Collapse
|
50
|
Chen K, Jih A, Kavaler ST, Lagakos WS, Oh D, Watkins SM, Kim JJ. Dual actions of a novel bifunctional compound to lower glucose in mice with diet-induced insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E293-301. [PMID: 26058862 PMCID: PMC4525113 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00045.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA 22:6n-3) and salicylate are both known to exert anti-inflammatory effects. This study investigated the effects of a novel bifunctional drug compound consisting of DHA and salicylate linked together by a small molecule that is stable in plasma but hydrolyzed in the cytoplasm. The components of the bifunctional compound acted synergistically to reduce inflammation mediated via nuclear factor κB in cultured macrophages. Notably, oral administration of the bifunctional compound acted in two distinct ways to mitigate hyperglycemia in high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance. In mice with diet-induced obesity, the compound lowered blood glucose by reducing hepatic insulin resistance. It also had an immediate glucose-lowering effect that was secondary to enhanced glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion and abrogated by the administration of exendin(9-39), a GLP-1 receptor antagonist. These results suggest that the bifunctional compound could be an effective treatment for individuals with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. This strategy could also be employed in other disease conditions characterized by chronic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Alice Jih
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sarah T Kavaler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - William S Lagakos
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Dayoung Oh
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Jane J Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California; Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, California
| |
Collapse
|